Home

MICHELIN X One Truck Tires Service Manual

1. 57 58 Operation and Handlingd 59 70 OPERATION AND 60 65 Over steer Under steer Hydroplaning Rollover Threshold Rapid Air Loss Procedure Jack knife Traction Chains Stopping Distances Limping Home State and Local Regulations HEAT STUDY tiene Ren eek teli eibi 66 69 Brake Heat Overview Brake Heat Evaluation MICHELIN X One Tires vs Duals Appendix 71 76 ISO LOAD INDEX AND SPEED 5 72 DEFINITIONS a 73 74 SPECIAL TOOLS MOUNTING TOOLS 75 76 Index ettet tte nssccis 77 78 SELECTINGATIRE 2 3 Equivalent MICHELIN X One Tire Sizes Tire Revolutions Per Mile and Retrofits to MICHELIN X One Tires Tire Marking Load Range ISO DOT Descriptions DOT Sidewall Markings Tire Applications and Design SELECTING A WHEEL 4 5 Outset Inset Drop Centers Valve Systems WHEEL SYSTEMS 6 8 Steel vs Aluminum Stud Piloted Wheels Special Fasteners Hub Piloted Wheels Torque Proper Fastener for MICHELIN X One Tire Steel Stud Piloted Wheels WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS 9 10 14 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Drop Center Wheel Specifications Special Provision for Steer Axle Us
2. TRAILER ALIGNMENT Trailers should not be overlooked when investigating alignment related tire wear issues Misaligned trailers usually result in rapid and or irregular trailer wear poor tracking and steer tire wear due to the driver counter steering to keep the trailer in the lane Schematic of Measurement Details X X Y Y AD BC Ideally you want DE CE and AD BC This would indicate your axles are not only parallel but square with the kingpin Specifications Difference between axle ends lt 1 16 AD compared to BC Difference between kingpin to axle measurements This driver has to constantly counter steer to the left to keep the trailer off the shoulder lt 1 8 DE compared to CE Tools Required Plumb bob and string 100 ft tape measure 48 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance VIBRATION Tire induced vibrations are generally the result of out of round assemblies Common causes for out of round assemblies are components such as wheels drums and hubs and are corrected by changing the individual component The most common cause stems from mismount or improper mounting procedures that lead to the tire not seating concentrically with the wheel Whether it s an individual component part or a mounting issue these problems can be identified easily by checking for radial and lateral runout Radial Runout NOTE A piece of duct tape wrapped around the tread will facilitate
3. 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 Casing Life hr 10 000 000s 66 Operation and Handling Bead damage as a result of brake heat is The third stage is when the casing ply fully recognizable in 3 stages of severity In the first stage unwraps from the bead In extreme cases the casing the bead starts to turn inward This can be visibly ply unwraps from the bead all the way around the identified on the tire when it is dismounted tire At this point the tire completely separates from A straight edge placed across the beads from one the bead wire The bead wire can entangle itself bead to the other no longer rests on the bead point around the axle if this type of separation occurs but now rests closer to the bead bearing area 3rd Stage Partial Unwrapping of the Casing Ply 1st Stage Turning of the Bead The second stage occurs when the rubber in the bead area starts to split or crack indicating that the steel casing plies are starting to unwrap 3rd Stage Complete Unwrapping of the Casing Ply 2nd Stage Bead Splitting from Heat Operation and Handling 67 BRAKE HEAT EVALUATION MICHELIN X ONE TIRES VS DUALS MICHELIN X One tire fitments have greater clearance between the brake drum and the bead of the tire compared to a dual assembly In addition due to the 2 outset of the wheel for the MICHELIN X One tires more brake drum is exposed which provides greater air flow around the drum These charac
4. Load Per Inch 393 75 states Width law 393 75 For example if a state allows for 550 pounds per inch width a tire Subpart G marked 445 50R22 5 could carry up to 9 636 pounds 17 52 x 550 or Miscellaneous Parts and Accessories a total of 19 272 pounds on the drive axle 2 x 9636 Another way to look at it is to take the total weight carried and divide by the stated 383 75 Tires a Load Per Inch Width law to determine the appropriate size tire ek AM tha md If a truck needs to cany 16 000 pounds an axle in a state with a a00 2 has any tread or aidewall separation 3 ftat or has an au pound per inch width limit 16000 500 32 you would need a wide tints teak or 4 has a cut to the extent that the ply or belt ma single tire that is at least 16 inches wide 32 2 In this case a the front wheels of a bus truck or no trac 445 50R22 5 could legally carry the load 445 mm 25 4 mm per inch tor shall have a tread groove pattern depth of at least 553 of an 17 5 inches Metric to English conversion inch when measured at any point on a major tread groove du S made where tie bars numpa or i leta are located gt h b of this section tires PA ican provides o tacky je Re of an inch Load Per Inch Width Law x Tire Section Width x Number of Tires when measured in a major tread groove The measurement _
5. To determine the proper load inflation table always refer to the markings on the tire sidewall for maximum load at cold pressure Contact your MICHELIN dealer for tires with maximum loads and pressures other than indicated here Load and inflation industry standards are in a constant state of change Michelin continually updates its product information to reflect these changes Therefore printed material may not reflect the current load and inflation information NOTE Never exceed the wheel manufacturer s maximum pressure limitation In order to be under Federal maximum width of 102 an inset wheel must be used A 4 32 inset will net 101 5 overall width on some refuse vehicles There are currently steel wheels available from Accuride and Hayes Lemmerz Caution Ensure the wheel does not interfere with vehicle components when making full turns 13 00 x 22 5 15 DEGREE WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS Manufacturer Material Part No Finish Weight Ibs Outset Max Load amp Inflation 10 hole stud located ball seat mounting 11 25 bolt hole circle 10 hole hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle NOTE The table provided is for reference only Wheel specific questions should be directed to the wheel manufacturer Accuride at www accuridecorp com Hayes Lemmerz at www hayes lemmerz com 10 Wheel Nomenclature AXLES AND WHEEL ENDS 12 15 Axle Identification Tags Load Ratings Use of 2 Outs
6. 8500 8860 9250 X One XTE 10200 LBS AT 120 PSI a 4625 KG 830 455 55R22 5 LRL LBS SINGLE 15000 15800 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 RE 11000 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XDN2 X One XTE KG SINGLE 6800 7160 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 EN 5000 KG AT 830 kPa 455 55R22 5 LRM LBS SINGLE 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 22600 mes 11700 LBS AT 130 PSI X One XZU S X One XZY3 KG SINGLE 7520 7880 820 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 10240 on 5300 KG AT 900 kPa With chip and cut resistant tread compound 900 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MICHELIN 455 55R22 5 LRM WITH 13 00 x 22 5 WHEELS STEER AXLE FIRST LIFE ONLY Loaded psi 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Dimension Load Radius Range Max Load Single 590 6 690 7 790 830 13 wheel in Ibs E m kPa kPa 520 550 20 660 20 760 lbs per axle 13740 14460 15180 15880 16600 17280 17980 18660 19340 20000 455 55R22 5 10000 120 4535 830 kg per axle 6240 6520 6900 7180 7560 7820 8100 8460 8720 9070 NOTE When used on a 13 00 wheel the max load and pressure is lower than that indicated on the sidewall 44 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance IRREGULAR TIRE WEAR TRACTOR Heel Toe Condition Code 182 Appearance Drive lugs around the tire worn high to low from the front to ba
7. An undetected imbedded object remaining in the tire can allow air infiltration and consequently a possible catastrophic failure of the sidewall CLASS 6 19 501 to 26 000 Ibs GVW a TOW FURNITURE CLASS 7 26 001 to 33 000 Ibs GVW CLASS 8 33 001 Ibs and over TRAILER FUEL DUMP Re CEMENT REEFER TANDEM AXLE VAN 0 INTERCITY BUS TANDEM REFUSE HOME FUEL DRY VAN TRASH DOUBLES STAKE COE VAN SINGLE AXLE VAN FIRE ENGINE LIQUID TANK SIGHTSEEING COACH DRY BULK TRANSIT BUS LOGGER BOTTLER E LOW PROFILE COE PLATFORM SPREAD AXLE DROP FRAME GCW TO 65 000 GCW TO 80 000 G lt LOW PROFILE HIGH PROFILE COE TANDEM COE MEDIUM CONVENTIONAL HEAVY CONVENTIONAL HEAVY TANDEM CONVENTIONAL HEAVY CONVENTIONAL SLEEPER DEEP DROP Weight Not specified AUTO TRANSPORTER Recommended Applications Contact Michelin For information on the MICHELIN X One tire for the 4x2 application refer to page 22 GVW Gross Vehicle Weight The total weight of the loaded vehicle includes chassis body and payload GCW Gross Combination Weight Total weight of loaded tractor trailer combination includes tractor trailer and payloads GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating Maximum allowable load weight for a specific spindle axle and wheel combination Identical
8. recommend de rating the axle below the vehicle manufacturer s GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating With this data in hand contact the particular axle manufacturer at the numbers listed below for specific application information ArvinMeritor www meritor com DANA www dana com Hendrickson www hendrickson intl com 14 Truck Technical Specifications USE OF OUTSET WHEELS WITH MICHELIN X ONE TIRES The MICHELIN X One tires 445 50R22 5 and 455 55R22 5 require the use of 14 00 x 22 5 wheels The majority view of the wheels currently offered today have a 2 outset Some axle and hub manufacturers have clarified and confirmed their position concerning the use of such wheels with their respective components While the position of the component manufacturers is not totally consistent the majority view of the wheel currently offered have a 2 outset Truck and trailer manufacturers may have different specifications For optimum track width stability and payload end users should talk to their trailer suppliers about the use of 83 5 axles with zero outset wheels A trailer specified with 83 5 inch axles is intended for single tire use Switching to dual tire configuration could exceed the legal maximum overall width of 102 End users that have retrofitted vehicles with 2 outset wheels should contact their respective vehicle axle or component manufacturers for specific application approvals or maintenance recommendati
9. 18 ENGINE COMPUTERS Rag nd 18 AIR INFLATION AND PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS 19 20 The Use of Pressure Monitoring and Inflation Systems with MICHELIN Truck Tires Automated Tire Inflation System ATIS on Trailers and Missed Nail Holes TRUCK TYPE BY WEIGHT 55 21 22 MICHELIN X One Tires in 4x2 Application MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 23 52 MICHELIN X ONE TIRE 24 26 Mounting Setup Wheel Preparation Inspecting for Damages Lubricating the Tire and Wheel Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tire MICHELIN X ONE TIRE DEMOUNTING 27 29 Directional Tires 2 Bar Demount Method 3 Bar Demount Method Demounting the Second Bead MISMOUNIT ne aarian Sas rt Peer dte ort erret atto 30 31 3 Easy Steps to Help Minimize Mismounted Tires TIME LABOR STUDY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE VS DUAL 32 33 Demounting the MICHELIN X One Tires Demounting the Dual Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tires Mounting the Dual AIR INFILTRATION 2 34 35 PRESSURE erinnerte etin etel ea ideas 36 38 MICHELIN X One Pressure Maintenance Practices HOW TO PROPERLY MEASURE PRESSURE 39 44 Temperature Pressure Relationship Chart The Use of Nitro
10. 27 29 47 49 52 75 76 Tools Bead Breaking ciim dedu S TERES 27 19 cadere uev ON QURE 2 5 7 8 24 33 45 52 02 74 76 WOW u u d dues Inside Cover 4 14 15 17 62 Tie IIIA 3 13 37 50 63 65 iius e 4 12 15 19 46 48 E ue d 19 Are hillii Mus tau ToU aaa a 55 U Under Inllafi0n HAA 24 39 41 WA 55255456 ie 60 3 52 66 V UU UA 2 19 23 28 33 35 43 52 75 NAIVE Ca AAA 5 26 boule Em 27 43 Valve SIBI oe eh ia PV gar dures B patana 5 19 24 26 27 33 52 VO lO IIIA 15 VIDIJO 26 idi diu ad ios rS rro ER EE 30 46 47 49 64 W WAIUA 3 18 30 31 37 39 45 48 50 74 Weal Tr 50 Medic DIOC Ed66 AWIKA 45 Weare DI 46 E 46 MV ODC I AAA 45 Wear 45 Wear Irregular 31 39 45 48 54 Wear R AA 45 Wear Shoulder Step IAA 30 45 46 Wheel 15222323 nnn Inside Cover 4 10 12 14 15 17 19 22 33 37 38 43 44 46 47 49 52 60 64 66 68 70 73 76 Z LIPPET DUNG WA 39 40 42 NOTES Appendix 79 MICHELIN eo B 1 800 TIRE 911 1 800 847 3911 de ty to emergency road service e needs You can count on M
11. SAE Recommended Practice The test tires are placed as singles on the drive axle of the test vehicle and set to the corresponding pressure The vehicle is then driven over a straight 2 mile section at 45 mph while the number of revolutions are counted Since speed minimally affects the results for radial tires other speeds are allowed Averaging 4 runs that are within 1 of each other then derives the tire s revolutions per mile measurement 4 Overall Width 8 Section Height 6 Free Radius 3 Rim Width 5 Overall Diameter 9 Loaded Radius 10 Deflection Appendix 73 Afterward the results are double checked using shorter distances that are more easily obtained In addition to these the test tire is compared to a known baseline tire on a road wheel This latter method is very accurate and very repeatable when using a similar baseline tire with a known tire revolutions per mile Tire Revs Mile The Society of Automotive Engineers SAE procedure recognizes that within the test method itself there will be some variation In fact there are other factors that cause variation on the tire revolutions per mile s among similar tires Be aware that they will have the same revolution per mile The SAE procedure determines the tire revolutions per mile to within 1 5 Some factors which cause variation among tires are Load and Pressure A difference in load p
12. X One tires 445 50R22 5 and 455 55R22 5 require the use of 14 00 x 22 5 wheels The majority of the wheels currently offered have a 2 outset Some axle and hub manufacturers have recently clarified and confirmed their position concerning the use of such wheels with their respective components Historically the position of the component manufacturers is not totally consistent the majority view concerning the retrofit of duals with MICHELIN X One tires can be summarized as follows Axle Type Spindle Type Wheel Recommendation Trailer axles Check with component manufacturer Many other axle and spindle combinations exist Contact axle manufacturer Contact axle manufacturer before retrofitting 2 outset wheels Disc Face C Hub Face Inboard Outboard Disc Face Hub Face Inboard Outboard Tire and Wheel Nomenclature Truck and trailer manufacturers may have different specifications For optimum track width stability and payload end users should talk to their trailer suppliers about the use of 83 5 axles with zero outset wheels End users that have retrofitted vehicles with 2 outset wheels should contact their respective vehicle axle or component manufacturers for specific application approvals or maintenance recommendations NOTE Use of outset wheels may change Gross Axle Weight Rating GAWR Consult vehicle and component manufacturer DROP CENTER The Drop Center is the w
13. XDN 2 tire dual equivalent loaded radius is 18 9 See chart below For every inch you lower the Center of Gravity you 80 5 gain 3 mph additional safety factor with regard to Track Width rollover threshold Second the track width is measured at the center of where the load is distributed on the ground 2 O For dual this would be measured at the center of the space between the dual For the MICHELIN X One tire it is simply measured from the center of the left side tire to the center of the right side tire ROLLOVER THRESHOLD WITH TIRE SIZE As you can see even though the overall width has reduced the track width has increased on the MICHELIN X One tire In summary the MICHELIN X One tire 0 42 improves rollover threshold by increasing cornering stiffness increasing track width and 0 40 reducing the center of gravity 0 38 These improvements have validated with 1 Computer simulation where whole 5 0 36 vehicle is characterized mathematically 2 Track testing at our internal grounds e 0 34 3 OE vehicle manufacturers in their independent testing including tilt table testing 2 275 80 22 5 385 65 22 5 425 65R22 5 445 65R22 5 445 50R22 5 Source Recent evaluations at a Michelin facility in South Carolina SPECIFICATIONS FOR TREAD DESIGN MICHELIN X ONE XDN2 Load Catalog bs ibm Loaded Radius Overall Diameter Overall Width Approved Rev
14. 130 12 8009 130 12 8009 130 12 8009 130 56 0 56 12 8009 130 6 eo 0 56 12 8009 130 NJ NJ NJ NJ Ul UJ NJ 0 63 12 8009 120 12 3009 120 gt gt Sear A A A A O O O O S lt S 6 RE o o Oo e EN NOTE Under no circumstances should a 12 25 wheel be used to fit a MICHELIN X One tire NOTE The table provided is for reference only Wheel specific questions should be directed to the wheel manufacturer 0 Outset Aluminum Wheels Alcoa uses the mounting face as the reference Accuride uses the center line as the reference This means that an Accuride 0 outset wheel is listed as 0 56 outset wheel Alcoa at www alcoawheels com Dura Bright is a registered trademark of Alcoa Accuride at www accuridecorp com Hayes Lemmerz at www hayes lemmerz com Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 9 SPECIAL PROVISION FOR STEER AXLE USE ON 13 00 x 22 5 WHEELS 455 55R22 5 load range M may be fitted with 13 00 x 22 5 wheels for first life use on the steer axles The reduced loads shown in the following table must be observed TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MICHELIN 455 55R22 5 LRM WITH 13 00 X 22 5 WHEELS STEER AXLE FIRST LIFE ONLY Dimension Loaded Radius RPM Max Load Single Range i n mm Ibs psi kg kPa Dimension Load psi 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Range kPa 520 550 590 620 660 690 720 760 790 830
15. Gross Axle Weight Limit Gross Axle Weight Inch Width Law Number Of Tires Minimum Tire Section Width Needed The two formulas are State laws and regulations frequently can and do change so it is recommended that you consult your local State or Province DOT and where you will be traveling to be sure there are no restrictions on the use of the MICHELIN X One tire for your particular operation equipment and weight Operation and Handling 65 BRAKE HEAT OVERVIEW Truck brake often reach very high temperatures Brake drums can reach temperatures of 600 F or more and are in very close proximity to the wheels This heat can be easily transferred to the wheels and tires Brake drum heat is transferred to the wheel primarily through radiation and convection The hot brake drum radiates heat in all directions to the wheel In addition the drum heats the air between the drum and the wheel The heated air rises and transfers additional heat energy to the wheel through convection Much of the heat is transferred to the wheel in the bead mounting area due to its close proximity to the brake drum The wheel then directly conducts heat to the tire bead resulting in elevated temperatures in the tire bead area Duals Close to Brake Drum Excessive bead heat can affect tire life in many truck tire applications Vehicles in urban and refuse service are most commonly associated with bead heat issues but any application that exp
16. MICHELIN X One tires N P and may be fitted to a given axle is to reference the axle ID data plate affixed to the axle or the suspension ID tag as described on Pages 12 14 The following photos display actual tag placements Outer bearing smaller than inner bearing N TYPE SPINDLES TAPERED N type spindles are tapered to the outboard end and utilize a smaller outboard bearing and a larger inboard bearing Outer and inner bearings the same size Tag Placement A quick rule of thumb is to measure the hub cap N type is usually 4 5 and the P type is usually 6 0 P TYPE SPINDLES STRAIGHT P type is a parallel spindle design straight shaft and utilizes the same sized bearings inboard and outboard This is generally a heavier duty axle end N Type Spindle R TYPE SPINDLES R type is a drive axle spindle configuration The R type spindle for drive axles is typically straight with bearings of nearly the same size P Type Spindle 16 Truck Technical Specifications Vehicle track width is determined by taking the axle track width and adding or subtracting the left and right wheel outsets or insets respectively An easy way to measure this yourself is to start on the left side of the axle hooking your tape on the outside edge of the tread Stretch the tape to the right side of the axle and measure to the inside edge of the tread Take the measurement where the tap
17. One tire A Don t rely on the appearance of the tire A Do remove and inspect any tire found to be 2096 below the recommended pressure Failure to do so may cause tire failure Check it out Vehicle Handling Drivers have commented that the wide stable footprint of the MICHELIN X One tire can provide the feel of a much more stable truck compared to traditional dual tires However while most MICHELIN X One tire fitments allow the track of the tractor and trailer to be widened the vehicle s behavior in curves on ramps or off ramps is still subject to roll over at excessive speeds A Don t let the outstanding handling of MICHELIN X One tires give you a false sense of stability in curves A Do respect all posted speed limits regardless of tire fitment Failure to do so may cause vehicle to tip Rapid Air Loss Techniques Extensive testing has shown that a rapid air loss on a MICHELIN X One tire will not compromise the stability and behavior of the vehicle However with one tire on each axle end the loss of pressure will allow the wheel and axle end to drop and possibly contact the road surface A Don t try to limp home or continue to run on a flat tire Limping is a direct CSA Comprehensive Safety Analysis violation A Do down shift or use the trailer brake when appropriate to avoid tire wheel assembly lock up A Do release the brakes intermittently as you slow down to allow some rotation of
18. Vehicle controlin a rapid air loss situation is a matter of driver education and training To assist with this training Michelin has produced a video entitled Rapid Air Loss Truck The Critical Factor to instruct drivers on how to handle a rapid air loss situation To download or view the video Rapid Air Loss Truck The Critical Factor please visit our web page at www michelintruck com michelintruck toolbox videos demos jsp For additional information please contact your local MICHELIN sales representative or contact Michelin using the website www michelintruck com MICHELIN X ONE TIRE MOUNTING 24 26 Mounting Setup Wheel Preparation Inspecting for Damages Lubricating the Tire and Wheel Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tire MICHELIN X ONE TIRE DEMOUNTING 27 29 Directional Tires 2 Bar Demount Method 3 Bar Demount Method Demounting the Second Bead MISMOUNT 30 31 3 Easy Steps to Help Minimize Mismounted Tires TIME LABOR STUDY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE VS DUAL 32 33 Demounting the MICHELIN X One Tires Demounting the Dual Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tires Mounting the Dual AIR INFILTRATION 34 35 PRESSURE 224297434 5993252 99 0 2 5 52 3 36 38 HOW TO PROPERLY MEASURE PRESSURE 39 44 Temperature Pressure Relationship Chart The Use of Nitrogen in MICHELIN Truck Tires Run flat and Zip
19. With the tire assembly lying flat break the bead seat of both beads with a bead breaking tool Apply the lubricant to all surfaces of the bead area on both sides of the tire Make certain that the flange with the tapered ledge that has the shortest span to the drop center is facing up Occupational Safety and Health Administration in a direction opposite to the indicated direction of rotation DIRECTIONAL TIRES Truck tires featuring directional tread designs have arrows molded into the shoulder edge of the outer ribs to indicate the intended direction of tire rotation It is important to maximize tire performance that directional tires be mounted correctly on wheels to ensure that the directionality is respected when mounted on the vehicle For example when mounting directional drive tires on a set of 8 wheels use the drop centers as a reference Four tires should be mounted with the arrows pointing to the left of the technician and four tires with the arrows pointing to the right This ensures that when the assemblies are fitted onto the vehicle that all tires can be pointed in the desired direction of rotation Directional steer tires should be mounted in a similar fashion one each direction to ensure both are pointed forward Once directional tires are worn greater than 50 there is generally no negative effect of running them Operating directional tires from new to 50 worn in the opposite direct
20. amend or cancel this offer at any time 80 Appendix MICHELIN X One Truck Tire Service Manual To learn more please contact your MICHELIN Sales Representative or visit www michelintruck com To order more books please call Promotional Fulfillment Center 1 800 677 3322 Option 2 Monday through Friday 9 a m to 5 p m Eastern Time United States Michelin North America Inc One Parkway South Greenville SC e 29615 1 888 622 2306 Canada Michelin North America Canada Inc 2500 Daniel Johnson Suite 500 Laval Quebec H7T 2P6 1 888 871 4444 Mexico Industrias Michelin S A de C V Av 5 de febrero No 2113 A Fracc Industrial Benito Juarez 7 6120 Quer taro Qro Mexico 011 52 442 296 1600 An Equal Opportunity Employer Copyright 2011 Michelin North America Inc All rights reserved The Michelin Man is a registered trademark owned by Michelin North America Inc MICHELIN tires and tubes are subject to a continuous development program Michelin North America Inc reserves the right to change product specifications at any time without notice or obligations MWL43101 05 11 e MICHELIN 9 2 76 A better way forward
21. and go Primarily users are operating within a 300 mile radius Vehicle annual mileage 30 000 to 80 000 in retail wholesale delivery bus fleets and sanitation Vehicle annual mileage 20 000 to 60 000 Want to know how much money you can save by switching to MICHELIN tires Use our Weight Savings or Fuel Savings calculator to find out Go to www michelintruck com toolbox MICHELIN X One XTA Fuel savings Weight Savings Even Wear 13 32nd MICHELIN X XDA Energy Fuel Efficient Long Tread Life 24 32nd MICHELIN X One XTE High Scrub Weight Savings Long Tread Life 16 32nd l MICHELIN X One XDN2 Long Original Life Weight Savings All Weather Traction 27 32nd MICHELIN X One XZU S High Scrub Resistance Weight Savings 23 32nd MICHELIN X One XZY 3 High Scrub Resistance Weight Savings 23 32nd Mili e REGIONAL LONG HAUL HIGHWAY ON OFF ROAD SURFACE AGGRESSION Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 3 4 OUTSET INSET Outset The lateral distance from the wheel centerline to the mounting surface of the disc Outset places the wheel centerline outboard of the mounting hub face surface Inset The Inset places the wheel centerline inboard of the mounting hub face surface or over the axle USE OF 2 OUTSET WHEELS WITH MICHELIN X ONE TIRES The MICHELIN
22. and significantly higher at the shoulders over dual fitments Note the drop in contact pressure for dual tires on the graph below For example the contact pressure of a dual tire is about 90 psi compared to 116 psi for a MICHELIN X One tire This will result in the dual tire losing contact with the road at lower speed than the MICHELIN X One tire This means if hydroplaning occurs at 60 mph for the MICHELIN X One tire it will occur at 53 mph on the dual Factors that increase likelihood of hydroplaning Contact Pressure Ratio v 90 116 88 Excess water Or Excessive speed 60 mph x 0 88 53 mph Low tread depth High tire pressure Light loads or bob tailing In other words if rain is pouring down and water is pooling the truck s speed needs to decrease in order to avoid hydroplaning 1 000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 Dual Tire 1 100 iE MICHELIN X One Tire 0 Pes Dual Tire 2 1 1 3 5 7 9 1 Rib Number Source Recent evaluations at a Michelin facility in South Carolina Operation and Handling 61 ROLLOVER THRESHOLD There are two things you can change to make 77 5 Track Width a vehicle more resistant to rollover Lower the center of gravity Increase your track width 0 O The MICHELIN X One tire does both First the loaded radius of the 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X One XDN tire is 18 7 A 275 80R22 5 MICHELIN
23. as oco POPE 7 8 oci 64 Circumferential 26 40 45 47 50 54 COMMUNES IA IA 2 18 62 Contact Pressure 61 Contact Surface iii aa 36 Contamination u yuca VAA at s oe bor do das 51 cd nooo cues E 5 40 42 52 Curine Retread Process 55 D P T EEE EE 12 14 Demount DISIMOUNE uu Qs a 4 27 29 32 75 Diferential 2 os pened ana IA ia 13 50 DirectuonalTIi eS KUIA 21 ba v 21 76 Bol 2 17 50 65 75 Drive AXlBroseccan testen 4 12 13 15 16 18 22 45 47 65 73 lir worE EU TESTO E UN PES cae 4 6 9 25 27 Dual Seal Valve uade ch d ders dra a dd bas Ghee 5 mes i 2 4 6 13 14 17 19 24 32 34 36 38 41 45 47 49 50 61 69 74 E Envelupme Retread Process 55 BOUIVAICN th uuo Eosuedtibeesraaa 2 F FOOD 2 odas etra pares E REG wade Inside Cover 36 37 64 PC PCO001I0V 2 bus c ERE FEE EU ER epe t mea 2 18 39 G E EE 2 13 Gross Axle Weight GAWR eR eR 4 14 Gross Vehicle Weight GVW 12 21 IH O E 31 E 225 T que
24. below some fleet chosen pressure Some Automated Tire Inflation Systems ATIS will also allow pressure reduction on any tire on the vehicle to maintain some given pressure level Such systems are rather expensive and more often used only on specialty vehicles Military emergency response National parks etc A key factor in any monitoring or inflation system is determining whether the target or set pressure is a hot pressure or a cold one This should be discussed with your tire manufacturer s representative Automated Tire Inflation Systems ATIS are not guarantees against low pressure situations All vehicles WARNING should still be subject to pre trip inspections and systems operation should be verified routinely Truck Technical Specifications 19 THE USE OF PRESSURE MONITORING AND INFLATION SYSTEMIS WITH MICHELIN TRUCK TIRES In view of the increasing visibility and promotion for the use of pressure monitoring and or inflation systems Michelin takes the following position Michelin has not and cannot test every system that is being marketed manufactured for effectiveness performance and durability e The use of these systems does not nullify the MICHELIN truck tire warranty unless it is determined that the system somehow contributed to the failure or reduced performance of the tire Proper pressure maintenance is important for the optimal performance of the tires so it is important to make
25. each 1 4 inch change in wheel width 5 Overall Diameter The diameter of the unloaded new tire measured from opposite outer tread surfaces 6 Free Radius One half the overall diameter of the unloaded new tire 7 Nominal Wheel Diameter Diameter of wheel ee seat supporting the tire bead given in nearest whole Diameter numbers e g 22 5 8 Section Height The distance from wheel seat to outer tread surface of unloaded tire 9 Loaded Radius The distance from the wheel axle centerline to the supporting surface under a tire properly inflated for its load according to the load and inflation tables gt 7 Nominal 10 Tire Deflection Free radius minus the loaded radius 11 Tire Revolutions Per Mile Revolutions per mile for a tire size and tread is defined as the number of revolutions that the new tire will make in one mile Data is normally presented for the loaded tire at its rated load and inflation in the drive position Tire revolutions per mile Tire Revs Mile can be determined by measuring using SAE J1025 or estimated by calculating using a mathematical equation Michelin Equation Tire Revs Mile 20 168 O D 8d O D Overall Diameter d Correction for deflection d O D 2 SLR SLR Static Loaded Radius MICHELIN Truck Tire Service Manual MWL40732 At Michelin the tire revolutions per mile are officially determined using the Society of Automotive Engineers
26. gas from hot tires Underinflation can lead to e Adverse handling conditions Zipper ruptures e Casing fatigue and degeneration Irregular wear e Decreased tread life e Reduced fuel economy Overinflation can lead to e Adverse handling conditions e Reduced resistance to impacts and penetrations e Increased stopping distances Irregular wear e Decreased tread life THE USE OF NITROGEN IN MICHELIN TRUCK TIRES Nitrogen is an inert gas and will not adversely affect the inner liner of the tires nor will it adversely affect the performance of the tires under normal operating conditions Therefore the use of nitrogen in MICHELIN Truck Tires will not affect the warranty associated with the tires Please refer to the MICHELIN Truck Tire Warranty Manual MWE40021 for what is and is not covered by the warranty 85 90 95 100 105 110 Ambient Temperature Degrees F MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 39 RUN FLAT AND ZIPPER RUPTURES Occasionally a tire will be flat when it arrives at the repair facility and there will be no external signs Run flat Any tire that is known or suspected to have of a rupture Note the X ray photo below on the right run at less than 80 of normal recommended reveals the broken casing ply cords operating pressure If re inflated this tire will experience a rapid loss of gas with explosive force Zipper ruptures can and Normal Operating Pressure The cold inflation have resulted in serious inj
27. of improved handling A tire with a wider footprint is going to provide increased lateral stability when cornering As a result of this increased lateral stability the truck will have a tendency to lean less in turns The increased lateral stability should not equate to increased speed Always obey posted speed limits on the highways and curves A good rule of thumb for vehicles with high rollover thresholds i e tankers concrete mixers is to take the curves at the posted limit less 10 mph RAPID AIR LOSS PROCEDURE Even though the MICHELIN X One tire is an innovative product it still requires proper pressure maintenance and visual inspection practices Tire failure can and will occur Below you will find a handy reference of the procedure to bring the vehicle to a safe stop following a rapid air loss event Indications Some or all of the following may apply No change in handling Slight lean depending on wheel position Vibrations Audible noise when rapid air loss occurs Immediate Actions Accelerate enough to maintain lane position DO NOT apply brakes immediately Do not apply maximum brake pressure to bring the vehicle to a stop This stop should be gradual by pumping the brakes Creating assembly lock up can cause irrepairable damage to tire wheel axle components and vehicle Pull the vehicle to a safe area Do not attempt to limp further down the road Seco
28. sure the system can maintain the pressures needed and or can detect accurately when the pressures are outside of the normal operating range s for the loads being carried tis the responsibility of the system manufacturer to ensure that the tires are inflated as rapidly as possible to the optimal operating pressure in order to prevent internal damage to the tires Michelin strongly urges the customer to put the responsibility on the system s manufacturer to prove and support their claims In addition to the foregoing please refer to the MICHELIN Truck Tire Warranty Manual MWEA0021 for a general discussion of what is and is not covered by the warranty Truck Technical Specifications AUTOMATED TIRE INFLATION SYSTEMS ATIS ON TRAILERS AND MISSED NAIL HOLES Automated Tire Inflation Systems ATIS on trailers can sometimes make slow leaks caused by nails or other small objects penetrating the crown area of the tire undetectable A slow leak can be compensated for by the air inflation system The warning light of the ATIS system will only come on if the pressure in the tire drops below a certain percent usually 10 of the regulated preset pressure Even when the pressure drops below this point the light will go off if the system is able to restore and maintain the preset pressure The tires on trailers with ATIS systems should be visually inspected before and after use and any imbedded objects removed and the tire repaired
29. tire wear generally affecting the steer position It is also a parameter that can be checked and adjusted easily Toe In 4 Distance Between Rear of Tires Distance Between Front of Tires Total Toe If the value is a negative number rear measurement less than the front then you have Toe Out If the value is a positive number front measurement less than rear then you have Toe In in a shop environment With the vehicle jacked up and using a toe scribe you can mark a line around the circumference of the left steer tire and repeat the procedure to the right steer tire Then letting the truck down on a frictionless surface a folded plastic bag you can then measure between those two lines at the same height on both sides Use two equal sized objects as a reference The closer you are to hub height the more accurate your measurement will be Ideally you want the rear measurement to be bigger by 1 16 or 1 5 mm If it is not you should adjust the toe by loosening the cross tube clamps and turning the cross tube to either lengthen or shorten the overall assembly Remember to re tighten the clamps and recheck your measurement following the adjustment Specification 1 16 Toe In or Positive Toe Note that there is no tolerance or slop for this setting Tools Required Toe scribe tape measure spray paint and plastic trash bags AXLE SKEW Axle skew is the 2 cause of alignment related wea
30. vehicles may appear in different vehicle weight classes This is because of a difference in the components installed in each vehicle such as engines transmissions rear axles and even tires that are not readily discernible in the external appearance of those particular vehicles Truck Technical Specifications 21 22 RECOMMENDATION FOR USE OF MICHELIN X ONE TIRES IN 4x2 APPLICATIONS 4x2 Articulated Vehicles Handling studies have indicated that for certain types of commercial single axle 4x2 tractors pulling trailers handling may be degraded in the event of a rapid air loss when fitted with single tires Michelin recommends that single axle tractors fitted with MICHELIN X One tires on the driven axle always be equipped with an Electronic Stability Program ESP 4x2 Straight Chassis Vehicles Testing has indicated that handling of 4x2 straight chassis vehicles fitted with single tires on the drive axle may be degraded in the event of a rapid air loss especially when coupled with panic braking Class 6 and 7 straight trucks fitted with MICHELIN X One tires should also be equipped with anti lock brake system ABS and or ESP Such degradation in handling has Truck Technical Specifications been observed both in curve lane change and straight line driving Michelin still maintains that all types of motor vehicles can be controlled in the event of a rapid air loss under normal legal driving conditions
31. wear on one or both shoulders or localized cupped out areas Probable Cause Incorrect pressure damaged bent trailer axle incorrect camber setting alignment issue LTL Less than Truckload operation suspension compliance Analysis Correction Review tire application with tire Left Front Trailer Position Left Front Trailer Position manufacturer review inflation Original Rotated maintenance procedures Check trailer alignment for bent or worn parts or consult trailer OE Trailer Rotation Irregular wear on the inside shoulder of trailer tires can be rectified by flipping the tire on the wheel where the inner shoulder becomes the outside shoulder Criss cross rotation may also be helpful depending upon Ist and 2nd trailer axle wear rates Brake Skid Condition Code 176 Appearance A tire with brake drag is characterized by localized abrasion or flat spot if severe If left in service it may continue to grow across the face of the tread Probable Cause Tractor trailer moved prior to system pressure building up sufficiently to release parking brakes resulting in dragging the tires or driver over using hand or trailer brake Analysis Correction Review driver tractor trailer hook up and departure instructions The fleet yard mule driver can be a factor If they are in a hurry to move trailers they may pull away before the pressure has built up sufficiently to release the brakes If the flat spotting is m
32. 00 mm 50 mm or 67 inches 2 inches Retread and Repair Recommendations AND REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS USING BUFFING TEMPLATES Check buff radius with the template after removing the tire from the buffer 2 mm gap is acceptable in the center of buffed surface when checking with the template NOTE 1700 mm Buffing Template as available from TECH INTERNATIONAL 1 800 433 1 800 433 8342 See Pictures 1 and 2 Picture 1 Buffing Template Picture 2 Buffing Template Recommended tread width ranges are given on Page 56 and may vary depending on the type and condition of the MICHELIN X One casing The MICHELIN X One casing s finished buffed measured width should follow the same standards as other casings tread width 8 mm 2 mm AFTER BUFF INSPECTION If after buffing circumferential cracks or splits remain in one or both shoulders of the tire in the vicinity of the outside tread groove Picture 3 the crack or split should be probed If the probing penetrates into steel or feels soft loose material the casing should be rejected This should not be confused with a 360 degree product interface line that sometimes is visible after buff Picture 4 Picture 3 Picture 4 If this line is visible it should be probed and if found to be loose material reject the casing If it is tight continue the retread process BUILDER Expandable rim width of 14 5 inches is required Tread table rollers s
33. 24 28 30 32 54 Appendix 77 M MICHELIN X One XDA Energy 2 3 36 38 MICHELIN XOne XDN 2 2 3 36 38 44 62 74 MICHELIN X One XTA 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X One XTE 42a zcuecd aed aue a 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X One XZU S 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X One XZY IA 2 3 38 44 MIMOUN HAU 30 49 Missed Nail RE rastr Cn OCA CR Es 20 Mount Mounting 4 10 14 17 19 24 25 27 35 43 45 48 49 66 67 74 76 Momin T 24 75 N Nail Hole BOpall uy IA pascua 56 PH D AIKA 39 O OMG RONG AAA 5 52 O TI IIIA 5 24 OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration 31 75 4 6 9 10 14 15 17 18 68 Over Sur xx 37 39 ume dca eed ae 40 41 piis 60 P Pickup and Delivery P amp D ss sexo mi ER S SOR 3 45 Pressure Inside Cover 5 10 19 20 24 26 31 34 36 41 43 47 54 55 61 64 73 74 Pressute yar ood owe da Inside Cover 5 39 41 Pressure Maintenance Inside Cover 5 20 38 39 64 Pressure MOANA cuis vane sex axes abre aeq exe esa 19 20 Pressure Sensors 19 52 Pressure Cold Inflatio
34. 26 30 31 34 35 38 40 44 50 51 54 56 65 Specifications 22 332922245 V arre dad 4 9 10 15 31 44 48 50 62 Specifications Balance 47 49 Specilications Rep8lr eR AQUA irski dob onte doa 56 Specifications Runout 30 47 49 Specifications Tandem Skew 47 48 Specifications Run flat 40 42 SPeECINCALIONS cua d maa pack bu Ee son 47 Specifications Trailer Alignment 48 Specifications Wheel 9 10 Speed Syripol ISO a d UE ES Eme EH 70 IPI Sois uda sa 2025 EAR eda Paru acceda suwa 4 13 16 18 II ones bU OPI OR eU 56 Send O ose dex E a ae NP vx S VES 63 254355555 waeen Eos V DAS ded 4 6 8 10 24 52 SIBOT Mle E 10 44 Stopping DIANA 39 65 SEC WA car eee 6 8 33 T VAG ite T TP 24 25 28 29 Tanker TOI o oe paq 15 21 64 65 Technical Bulletin HI i pera Pm 19 39 55 66 68 69 Temperature Logging Device IKIWA 68 Thermal macine sorasa iR ayapa NEM qapa Os 69 Tire Revolutions Per Mile 2 10 18 44 73 74 TDP 24 25
35. 50 split of left and right hand threads will be required 6 Tire and Wheel Nomenclature A WARNING CAUTION Do not use the 5995 nut on steel stud piloted wheels as the shoulder will protrude past the disc face From left to right Aluminum MICHELIN X One tire fastener steel or aluminum MICHELIN X One tire fastener and steel MICHELIN X One tire fastener See application chart on Page 8 for part numbers and more information HUB PILOTED WHEELS Both aluminum and steel wheels are currently available in hub piloted configuration Hub piloted disc wheels are designed to center on the hub at the center hole or bore of the wheel The wheel center hole locates the wheel on pilots built into the hub Hub piloted wheels use the same 2 piece flange nut as duals that contact the disc face around the bolt hole Only one nut on each stud is used Hub piloted wheels have straight bolt holes with no ball seat Correct components must be used WARNING It is important to note that some hub piloted and stud piloted wheels may have the same bolt circle pattern Therefore they could mistakenly be interchanged Each mounting system requires the correct mating patts It is important that the proper components are used for each type of mounting and that the wheel is fitted to the proper hub Ifhub piloted wheel components hubs wheels and fasteners are mixed with stud piloted wheel components loss of tor
36. 6 73 74 12 14 DB Inside Cover 4 10 12 19 21 23 33 36 38 44 48 50 61 63 65 71 72 POG THOSE AAA 12 14 Axle Identification 12 14 PC VA at 13 ql 47 Axle Drive 4 12 13 15 16 18 22 45 47 65 73 SIBBE SS aQ NA MWANA MI 10 44 Axle 4 12 15 19 46 48 Axle Weight Rating 4 14 B Balante 30 47 49 Bead 4 24 29 30 32 34 35 43 54 56 66 68 73 75 Bead Breaking TOOL iia 27 45 Bead Dann aa uu eerte dum aa wawanpa d d 34 35 43 55 67 75 Bead Keeper t uncia assaka kas Xam diu aa as 25 74 PO di DIll uoces cower enero UWA ceu cd KAA MANT Ee 56 i IA III nese ee 14 16 18 ee ee ee ee er oe ee ee 26 DIOCE EUSEMIEdE isst aayqa Bwana sconce 45 Brake Inside Cover 5 7 8 12 13 19 46 64 69 E OD EU NPASEC UE UN 66 69 BrakeSkidWear 46 BOL IIIA 54 56 C Casing Management 57 58 Center ag maq Wo EI vdd 45 Central Tire Inflation CTI System 19 20 PONCE usu g
37. AN SNe 49 Introduction Read this manual carefully it is important for the SAFE operation and servicing of your tires The purpose of this manual is to provide you the MICHELIN Truck Tire customer with some useful information to help you obtain maximized performance and minimized cost per mile Your MICHELIN radial tires are a significant investment and should be protected like any other investment This manual will show you how to do this by increasing your knowledge of tires regarding their selection performance affecting vehicle characteristics maintenance and tire life extension through repair and retreading For complete tire specifications refer to application data books contact your local MICHELIN Representative or refer to the MICHELIN website www michelintruck com ADDITIONAL REFERENCES For additional information consult the following manuals publications MICHELIN Truck Tire Data BOOK 4 94 rae eec Re Ra e o TP UW MWL40731 MICHELIN Commercial Truck Tire Nail Hole Radial Tire Repair Manual MWT40163 MICHELIN Grown sidewall Repair Template MWT40192 MICHELIN Truck Tire Operators Manual and Limited Warranty MWE40021 MICHELIN X One Tire Brochure 545 Kp Vo c pa Qw cs ew dees MWL41924 MICHELIN X One Driver Informat
38. ECOMMENDATIONS 1 Follow the retread manufacturer s recommendations 2 Use the preferred tread size 3 Buff to the correct crown radius 4 Use pilot skives to measure undertread 2 32 to 3 32 is all that should remain when buffing is complete PREVIOUS SERVICE LIFE In light of all these conditions and recommendations the purchaser of MICHELIN X One casings for retreading should proceed with caution Use the tread selection matrix when previous service life is unknown OPERATION AND HANDLING 60 65 Over steer Under steer Hydroplaning Rollover Threshold Jack knife Rapid Air Loss Procedure Traction Chains Stopping Distances Limping Home State and Local Regulations HEATSTUDY 66 69 Brake Heat Overview Brake Heat Evaluation MICHELIN X One Tires vs Duals S MICHELIN x A better way forward 59 OVER STEER UNDER STEER Over steer is when the rear wheels are carving a Under steer is when the front wheels are carving larger arc than the front wheels or the intended line a larger arc than the rear wheels This is often of the turn This is often described as a loose described as push or pushing as the front end condition as the truck feels like the rear end is feels like it is plowing off of a corner coming around Over steer Very Difficult to Correct Under steer Very Easy to Correct Over st
39. ED SYMBOL The ISO SPEED SYMBOL indicates the speed at which the tire can carry a load corresponding to its Load Index under service conditions specified by the tire manufacturer International Standards Organization Exceeding the lawful speed limit is neither recommended nor endorsed Standard and Low Profile radial truck tire sizes can be more easily understood by breaking down the formula into the three components the section width in inches or millimeters aspect ratio and wheel diameter 1 Tire Size Standard Size example 11R22 5 11 inch nominal section width with a section height between 90 and 100 of the section width R radial 22 5 wheel diameter Low Profile example 445 50R22 5 445 millimeter nominal section width 50 is the aspect ratio expressed as a section height to width percentage R radial 22 5 wheel diameter 2 Aspect Ratio A nominal number which represents the section height divided by the section width expressed as a percentage Example 445 50R22 5 Aspect Ratio 50 3 Wheels The approved preferred wheels are designated for each size tire MICHELIN X One tires should only be mounted on the wheels shown in the application specific data book 4 Overall Width The maximum width cross section of the unloaded tires including protruding side ribs and decorations as measured on the preferred wheel Overall width will change 0 1 inch 2 5 mm for
40. HELIN X One casings as defined by your retread process manufacturer or industry recommended practices using appropriate equipment When using an electronic liner inspection device such as the Hawkinson NDT a new wide base probe of at least 275 mm 10 9 inches is required to insure sufficient and consistent cable contact with the shoulder upper sidewall area Hawkinson part PROBE ASSEMBLY 009 It is recommended to slow the rotation speed or make several additional cycles to catch as many small punctures as possible SHEAROGRAPHY If using laser shearography inspection adjust and or modify to insure complete imaging shoulder to shoulder per equipment manufacturer Also make sure the correct vacuum level is applied BUFFING An expandable rim width of 14 5 inches is required Buffing on a narrower rim can result in excess under tread on the shoulder thereby increasing the operating belt edge temperature The beads of the casing should be lubricated with a fast drying tire lubricant Runs of MICHELIN X One tires should start with new blades which should be changed as soon as the buff texture starts to degrade Buffing should not start before the casing reaches target pressure in the expandable rim as defined by your retread process manufacturer Recommended minimum inflation pressure is 1 2 bars or 18 psi maximum inflation pressure is 1 5 bars or 22 psi Recommended buffing radius for pre cure flat treads w o wings is 17
41. ICHELIN ONCall to find a MICHELIN Service Provider to get you back on the road quickly and efficiently MICHELIN ONCall is available to Fleets large and small as well as Owner Operators Delivering Value for Fleets When you have a roadside service need for tires make one toll free call to 1 800 TIRE 911 1 800 847 3911 for rapid dispatch of a service provider 24 7 365 Nationwide Coverage MICHELIN ONCall has expanded dealer and travel plaza coverage to meet your needs no matter where you are Our dealers stock key sizes for efficient service to get you back on the road ASAP Bilingual support in English and Spanish Complete incident management and accountability Free Dispatch No dispatch fee for North American Fleet Account Customers or MICHELIN Advantage Program Members who purchase MICHELIN tires during their service call Nominal fee for all others Consistent Pricing Whether you are a National Account Fleet customer or an Owner Operator pricing for products and services are set at a predefined rate No more guesswork No more surprises Online Reporting and Notification Case specific notification and online reporting available to registered fleets with Status Vehicle number Service location Full event summary and details are available by using the Event Viewer Monitor service work on line with instant visibility of each completed event Michelin reserves the right to
42. Mile Initial Tire Revs Mile Initial Tire Revs Mile 515 511 0 0078 or 78 lt 196 change 511 So when your actual speed is 60 mph your speedometer will read 60 47 mph Plant DOT Dual Tire Revs Mile MICHELIN X One Tire Revs Mile 445 50R22 5 515 X One XDN 2 275 80R22 5 2 11 22 5 455 55 22 5 492 X One 2 275 80824 5 DOT SIDEWALL MARKINGS All new tires sold in the United States must have a DOT Department of Transportation number cured into the lower sidewall All retreaded tires must also have an additional DOT branded into the sidewall It is recommended that the retread DOT be placed in the lower sidewall near the original DOT code Certain states may require labeling in addition to the Federal requirements certifying compliance with the Industry Standard for Retreading Tires manufactured prior to the year 2000 end with 3 digits rather than 4 the first two numbers indicating the week and the last one indicating the year of production followed by a solid triangle to indicate the decade of 1990s Tires made or retreaded after the year 1999 will end with a four digit code the first two indicate the week and the last two indicate the year of manufacture MICHELIN X One Tire Size Dual Size 511 XDN 2 495 XDN 2 Example DOT B6 DO AXL X 2006 New tire markings required by the Department of Transportation MICHELIN Manufacture Date Optional Code Tire S
43. ON Beam Type Beam Capacity T Tubular Ibs kg N 22 500 10 206 P 22 500 25 000 30 000 10 206 11 340 13 608 Q 25 000 30 000 11 340 13 608 R 22 500 25 000 10 206 11 340 TN 4670 0 2020 N 4670 O 2020 SERIAL NO KNA 38050685 Modification Brake Width MERITOR DATE 27693 1 Single Wheel 1 2 10 25 cm KENTON OHIO 43326 2 Intermodal 6 6 15 cm 3 Bolted on Brakes 7 7 or 7 5 18 19 cm 4 Manual Bearing Adjustment 9 8 20 cm 6 Positive Bearing Adjustment 0 No Brakes 8 0 625 Nominal Wall Axle NOTE The graphic provided is for reference only Axle specific questions should be directed to the axle manufacturer 12 Truck Technical Specifications DANA DRIVE AXLE IDENTIFICATION Parts Identification Axle Housing 1 Axle Housing Axle Shaft 2 Axle Shaft Part Number S 26 1 7 0 D Options D Dual Drive Forward Axle ee B Bus On Center Bowl with Inter axle Differential C Controlled Traction G Single Rear Axle Global D Differential Lock R Dual Drive Rear Axle Design Level E High Entry Single S Single Rear Axle N A F Flipped Rolled Over T Tridem Configuration H Heavy Wall Gear Type Head Assembly Series Integral Brake 1 Standard Single Reduction GAW Rating DO hanes N No Spin Differential X 1000 Ibs N A d O Offset Change x 1 TN Global SDS QA P Lube Pump 6 Helical Overdrive R Retarder Ready U Uniti
44. OTED DUAL 4 assemblies 10 inner cap nuts Left side 10 inner cap nuts Right side 10 outer cap nuts Left side 10 outer cap nuts Right side 44 Parts In addition dual wheels must be clocked for valve stem access through the hand holes Mounting on hub centered axles for the MICHELIN X One tire or Dual should take 2 minutes for each axle end While mounting Dual on axles with stud centered hubs additional time is required due to the installation of an inner and outer nut for each stud and having to line up hand holes TORQUE Once the tire and wheel assembly is mounted onto the axle end using an air gun the final torque of each wheel nut must be applied using a calibrated torque wrench to 450 500 foot pounds This is a safety procedure that will help prevent loose and broken components and potential wheel offs Torque Wrench MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 33 AIR INFILTRATION Air infiltration is an inside out damage The air inside the tire is much higher 80 120 psi than atmospheric pressure Modern tubeless tires have a major advantage over a tube type tire When a tube type tire is punctured it only takes seconds to become flat A tubeless tire may take weeks or months for the air to escape this is because the inner liner airtight lining is integral to the tire One issue with tubeless tires is that even though they may take a long time to go flat the air is still trying to get out As
45. Ripples or Bulges in the Sidewall Flex Area Patch Cracking Remove and repair all penetrating objects and check the beads for damage that may have occurred during removal Penetrating Objects s Bead Damage Caused by Mounting Dismounting If none of these conditions exist the Rubber Manufacturers Association RMA suggests the following procedure for returning the tire to service 1 Place the tire and wheel assembly in an approved inflation safety cage Remain outside of the tire s trajectory Do not place hands in the safety cage while inspecting the tire or place head close to the safety cage After properly seating the beads with the valve core removed adjust the tire to 20 psi using a clip on air chuck with a pressure regulator and an extension hose 2 Inspect the mounted tire inflated to 20 psi for distortions or undulations ripples and or bulges Listen for popping sounds IF ANY OF THESE CONDITIONS ARE PRESENT THE TIRE SHOULD BE MADE UNUSABLE AND SCRAPPED If none of these conditions are present proceed to the next step 3 With the valve core still removed inflate the tire to 20 psi over the normal recommended operating pressure During this step if any of above conditions appear immediately stop inflation DO NOT EXCEED MAXIMUM PRESSURE SPECIFICATION FOR THE WHEEL 4 Before removing the tire and wheel assembly from the safety cage reduce the inflation pressure to
46. STOPPING DISTANCES The following provides the top ten reasons not to limp home on Stopping distance with the MICHELIN X One tire any tire is similar to that of a vehicle in dual configuration A general rule typically mentioned in Commercial TOP REASONS Driver s License CDL manuals is to allow one NOT TO LIMP HOME K en oer One 10 Pavement Damage when the tire is run to destruction and the one you are following for every 10 mph of the wheel contact damages the road your velocity For example if you are driving at 65 9 Wheel Damage hundreds of dollars 8 Destroyed Casing it may have otherwise been repairable hundreds of dollars the one in front of you A good way to practice this 7 Cargo Damage load shifts collisions roll overs or fires is to mark a spot such as a bridge road sign etc 6 Collateral Truck Damage fairings tanks hoses brakes hoods mudflaps etc mph allow 6 5 seconds between your vehicle and that the vehicle youre following has just passed and 5 Wheel and or Tire Detachment if the tire wheel become count one one thousand two one thousand etc detached they become a projectile to see how long it takes you to reach the same point 4 Adverse Handling Conditions mishandled a run flat could lead to a jack knife or even a roll over If you count to only four one thousand then 3 Direct DOT Violation fines and downtime increase your following dis
47. after the repeated stopping test followed by 30 minutes of driving without braking A brake drum temperature advantage for the MICHELIN X One tire of 90 F was still apparent even after the cool down period It is safe to say that for any given truck brake temperatures on MICHELIN X One tire equipped vehicles will be significantly cooler than brakes on trucks running conventional duals This effect will be most pronounced during periods of heavy braking but will persist for some time after braking has ended Dual Tires Source Recent evaluations at a Michelin facility in South Carolina MICHELIN X One Tire Operation and Handling 69 riw aa LUNE 4 k 20 yA ti 4 E uM W ud ma F t v Li 70 _ Operation and Handling WEM TEENS 4 wa Ley amp Oye m EE 150 LOAD INDEX AND SPEED SYMBOL 72 DEFINITIONS 73 74 SPECIAL TOOLS MOUNTING TOOLS 75 76 Or y D MICHELIN 74 better forward 71 LOAD INDEX The ISO LOAD INDEX is a numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at the speed indicated by its SPEED SYMBOL under service conditions specified by the tire manufacturer 1 kg 2 205 lbs Load Index kg Ibs 190 _ Tae 72 Appendix FED SYMBOL SPE
48. al must be installed The number one cause of gas loss in tires can be attributed to missing valve caps To facilitate pressure mainte nance a dual seal metal flow through cap may be used instead of a valve Valve Cap With Rubber Seal cap These should be installed hand tight only to pre vent damaging the seal 1 5 3 in Ibs Dual Seal Metal Flow Through Cap Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 5 STEEL VS ALUMINUM Depending on the vehicles vocation a customer may choose steel wheels over aluminum However a 14 00 x 22 5 aluminum wheel is up to 68 lbs lighter than its steel counterpart Due to the larger drop center of the aluminum wheel it is typically easier to mount the MICHELIN X One tire on aluminum wheels STUD PILOTED WHEELS There are aluminum and steel wheels with 2 outset currently available in stud piloted configuration Stud piloted disc wheels are designed to be centered by the nuts on the studs The seating action of ball seat nuts in the ball seat holes centers the wheel Fasteners with left hand threads are used on the left side of the vehicle and those with right threads are used on the right side of the vehicle SPECIAL FASTENERS It is necessary to order cap nuts to replace the inner and outer nuts that are used when mounting a traditional stud piloted dual assembly These parts can be ordered from a wheel distributor in your area The part numbers are listed on Page 8 A 50
49. andards are in a constant state of change and Michelin continually updates its product information to reflect these changes Printed material may not reflect the latest load and inflation standards NOTE Never exceed the wheel manufacturer s maximum pressure limitation S Single configuration or 2 tires per axle Loads are indicated per axle WHEEL DIAMETER H 2 2 5 kPa 520 550 590 620 660 690 720 760 790 830 860 445 50R22 5 LRL LBS SINGLE 13880 14620 15360 16060 16780 17480 18180 18740 19560 20400 10200 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XDA Energy X One XDN2 2 KG SINGLE 6300 6640 6960 7280 7620 7940 8240 8500 8860 9250 4625 KG AT 830 kPa X One XTE MAXIMUM LOAD AND PRESSURE ON SIDEWALL 455 55R22 5 LRL LBS 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 11000 LBS 120 PSI X One XDN2 X One XTE KG SINGLE 6800 7160 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 EE 5000 KG AT 830 kPa 455 55R22 5 LRM LBS SINGLE mE 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 22600 23400 11700 LBS AT 130 PSI X One XZU S X One XZY3 KG SINGLE mE 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 10240 10600 5300 KG AT 900 kPa amp With chip and cut resistant tread compound 38 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance The first step in properly measuring the MICHELIN X One tires is to have an accurate pressure gauge Pressure gauges
50. bearing assemblies have warranties that may be voided when the wheel ends are disassembled Contact your axle and or suspension component supplier before removing any wheel end components Cone Cup MileMate Set N Trailer Outer NP454049 NP454011 Set 440 N Trailer Inner NP454248 NP454210 Set 441 R Drive Outer 454580 NP454572 Set 442 NP454594 NP454592 Set 443 P Trailer Inner amp Outer NP454445 NP454410 Set 444 454 Series is a trademark of The Timken Company Timken and MileMate are the registered trandemarks of The Timken Company See www timken com 454wheelbearing for Limited Warranty information L ECONOMY To accurately determine fuel efficiency gains from switching to MICHELIN X One tires it is recommended that SAE Society of Automotive Engineers Fuel Test J1376 be conducted to verify the values determined by the engine computer New EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation engines may use diesel fuel to clean the DPF Diesel Particulate Filter When checking fuel usage please be aware of the additional fuel used during regeneration of the DPE Proper inflation pressure is critical to the overall performance of all tires on the road today Today s radial truck tires will lose less than one psi per month due to air migration through the casing Faster loss of inflation can only occur in conjunction with some sort of leak in the wheel valve stem or tire structure Whatever the source of the leak
51. ck edge on tread of tire Probable Cause High torque pickup and delivery operations P amp D plus mountainous terrain high braking operations Analysis Correction Drive tires should be rotated front to rear cross rotation is permitted but will accelerate wear and can reduce removal mileages With the MICHELIN X One tire since there are no dual pressure differences heel and toe pattern should clear itself up 1 3 worn Center Wear Condition Code 186 Appearance Tire wears more rapidly in the center of the tread than in the shoulders Probable Cause LTL Less than Truckload operation high torque incorrect pressure Analysis Correction Five tread depths should be taken in the drive position allowing one to recognize wear conditions Correction of drive axle pressure will reduce the wear pattern and enhance tire mileage River Wear Only Condition Code 188 Appearance Tire exhibits circumferential wear along the rib edges next to the major shoulder tread ribs Probable Cause Characteristic of slow wear rate of radial tires Analysis Correction None river wear should not be of concern Inset Notice appearance of shoulder scrub on side of tread blocks inner outer shoulders 13 32 14 32 11 32 14 32 13 32 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 45 TRAILER Step Shoulder Localized Wear Shoulder Cupping Condition Code 187 196 Appearance Tire exhibits step down
52. ct and old age problems Thus the practice of retreading new drive axle tires back to the drive axle puts the most highly fatigued casing back onto the most highly stressed wheel position CASING MANAGEMENT FOR THE FUTURE The following guidelines are recommended in sorting MICHELIN X One casings for their next tread life Such a sorting would allow the fleet and retreader to make better decisions regarding the handling and utilization of MICHELIN X One casings recovered from 6x4 4x2 and trailer applications MICHELIN X One casings that are judged to be more highly fatigued should be retreaded in one of two ways 1 Alow rolling resistance low heat retread rubber in rib and drive consult your retread supplier 2 A shallow retread no more than 15 32 These retreads will reduce the operating temperature in the crown of the tire Determining which tires are highly fatigued requires a working knowledge of each fleet s individual operation The following guidelines can be used 1 Two or more repairs on the casing 2 Heavy sidewall abrasion Retread and Repair Recommendations 57 TREAD SELECTION MATRIX It would seem best to adopt the MICHELIN X One casing management pattern below for tires in highway service Position of Tire First Position of First Subsequent Used On Retread Use Retread Use Drive Drive Trailer Trailer Trailer Trailer DO Retread and Repair Recommendations RETREAD R
53. dewall A 75 mm 10 mm e 75 mm Bead BO Note For truck sizes point B is considered the toe of the bead Point A is found 75 mm from point B towards the interior of the casing and point 15 also 75 mm from point B but is located on the exterior of the casing Point C is located 10 mm from point B measured as shown Any repair patch material must be positioned gt 10 mm from the toe of the bead point B Damage Guidelines Sidewall Damage Crown Damage Bead Damage Interior Damage Retread and Repair Recommendations 55 REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS Type of Repair Application Quantity Limits Size Limits ee Max 10 per sidewall No limit Spot Repair y no body ply affected Severe Service Max 20 per sidewall No limit All Max 4 per bead pon 6 in irs 75 EU Bead Repairs in distance between repairs 75 mm 3 in rubber damage only Severe Service No limit L 2 mm x W 50 mm 1 16 in x 2 in bead toe repair only Min distance between repairs 75 mm 3 in Bead Repairs 25 mm x W 55 mm 1 in x 2 in chafer strip 22 pel ead Min distance between repairs 75 mm 3 in If blister diameter is less than 5 mm 3 16 leave intact Liner Repairs No limit Repair between 5 mm 3 16 in and 20 mm 3 4 in If blister diameter is more than 20 mm 3 4 in reject casing Max diameter 40 mm 1 6 in Buzzouts Long Haul P amp D perdite Max surface 1600 2 5 in2 protector ply o
54. e and if a repair s is noted inspect to make sure it s in good condition If the tire is deemed ready for service lubricate both beads of the tire and the wheel LUBRICATING THE TIRE AND WHEEL When applying lubricant to the wheel lubricate the entire wheel surface from flange to flange Apply a liberal amount lubricating both components will assist in the ease of the mount and will ensure proper seating of the beads on the wheel Lubricating the Tire Lubricating the Wheel Padded bead keepers can be useful during the mounting process by keeping the bead fixed on the flange thus avoiding the need to keep a foot in place MOUNTING THE MICHELIN X ONE TIRE The tire should be mounted and inflated before the lubricant dries With the wheel short side up narrow side lay the tire over the wheel at the valve side and work it on with proper tubeless tire tools making full use of the drop center well when using a 1 45 iron use the curved end with a ledge Using same iron and method mount the second bead When mounting the second bead keep one foot in place to keep the bead seated and move the other foot around the tire as each part of the bead is seated to keep it in place MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 25 Lay the tire and wheel assembly horizontally and If run flat is detected scrap the tire If no damage inflate to no more than 5 psi to correctly position is detected continue to inflate
55. e are 2 32 wear bars molded into the tread on all MICHELIN X One tires When these become level with the tread they are visual 50 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance indicators that it is legally time to pull a drive or trailer tire Care should be taken to not take tread depth measurements at the wear bars Their placement is indicated on the sidewall shoulder by a miniature Michelin Man Don t Measure Tread Depth Here Michelin Man Sidewall Indicator In order to fight irregular and fast wear traditional dual tires need to be matched within 4 32 tread depth or 1 4 in diameter and within 10 psi MICHELIN X One tires remove this extra maintenance burden However all tires dual or wide single should be within 4 32 intra axle across the axle and inter axle axle to axle groupings for proper engine and braking functions and to reduce wear and tear on axle differentials Finally some fleets find that it may be better to pull drive tires at around 10 32 and move to a trailer position If you are running in mud snow or other low traction situations this may be a great way to address traction concerns Experience shows that worn drive tires perform exceedingly well in trailer positions Within 4 32nds DIESEL FUEL CONTAMINATION Diesel fuel and other petroleum based products can cause blistering swelling or a spongy condition Swelling is typically seen in the tread and blistering is typically s
56. e esM S MEME sees 31 38 54 iii Inside Cover 22 37 39 60 63 65 76 Faves LENIE IIIA 4 9 10 Henk TOE WCIT 45 lilii AA EEEE seach 12 14 MUD y lo E E E E E WA E 6 7 9 10 33 AA EA awaqa 61 UU 11 9 10 19 20 24 26 31 37 41 43 44 46 54 55 73 75 Inflation Central Tire Inflation 19 20 Inflation Overinflation 37 39 Inflation Underinflation Inside Cover 39 41 Inner 24 34 35 39 42 52 55 ol 1 4 5 9 10 14 17 Inspection Inside Cover 19 39 42 50 52 54 55 64 Inspection Pre TD E ES 19 39 Inspection Retread Process 54 Inspection Tire Inspection 42 Inspection Valve Stem 5 26 27 52 II Weal us aa ana Zaa pa u aq ERE 30 31 39 46 47 J Jd E MCs C 60 63 65 L Laurens Proving Grounds 68 Limping HOME IA Inside cover 64 65 LIA PIO EI KIA 56 Lodi sos sedeo DES ii 2 4 5 9 10 14 18 20 23 26 36 38 40 41 44 59 63 65 68 72 74 o lil IAA 72 RIN AA 2 10 Long Haul Line HAA Rn adea eR E aqasha 3 12 96 Lube Lubricants Lubrication 7 13 18
57. e guide rib on your inflated tire The maximum variation allowed is 2 32 You should check the wheel flange to the guide rib at 4 locations 12 00 3 00 6 00 and 9 00 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 31 TIME LABOR STUDY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE VS DUAL ASSEMBLY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE ASSEMBLY One tire and wheel deflating demounting re mounting and re inflating Average time for one assembly is around 13 14 minutes Lubricating Beads for Dismount Demounting MICHELIN X One Tire Re mounting MICHELIN X One Tire Re inflating MICHELIN X One Tire 32 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance DEMOUNTING DUAL Two tires and wheels deflating demounting re mounting and re inflating One inflation line Average time for two assemblies is around 18 19 minutes Demounting Dual Re mounting Dual Having a second inflation line will cut down the time by about one third With multiple inflation lines the time is similar to the MICHELIN X One tire MOUNTING ON VEHICLE MICHELIN X ONE TIRE ee Mounting MICHELIN X One Tire the Vehicle HUB PILOTED SINGLE 1 assembly 10 flange nuts Either side STUD PILOTED SINGLE 2 assemblies 10 Cap nuts Left side 10 Cap nuts Right side 22 Parts MOUNTING ON VEHICLE DUAL Mounting Dual on the Vehicle HUB PILOTED DUAL 2 assemblies 10 flange nuts Either side STUD PIL
58. e measure crosses the left edge of the right side tire s tread The measurement you have just taken is your vehicle s track width Simply put it is the center to center distance of your tires ND WIDTH This method also works well for determining the track width on dual tires Without changing the width of your axle your track width can change depending on your wheel outset or inset Outset The lateral distance from the wheel centerline to the mounting surface of the disc Outset places the wheel centerline outboard of the mounting hub face surface Inset places the wheel centerline inboard of the mounting hub face surface or over the axle If 2 outset wheels are mounted backwards this will significantly reduce track width and could affect WARNING vehicle stability Disc Face Inboard Overall width of axle assembly is determined by measuring the outer tire sidewall to outer tire sidewall This measurement is taken at the top of the tires sidewall to avoid measuring the sidewall deflection The Federal DOT Department of Transportation maximum allowed is 102 For a close approximation clip the end of the tape measure on the left tire s outside sidewall and pull the tape to the outer sidewall of the outer tire on the opposite side If your measurement is close to 102 then a more precise method will be required Truck Technical Specifications 17 Wheel end bearings for trucks and trai
59. e on 13 00 x 22 5 Wheels 13 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Wheel Specifications Y vf Lol B gg N 9 better way forward 2 EQUIVALENT MICHELIN X ONE SIZES When retrofitting MICHELIN X One tires of equivalent size changing engine computer revolutions per minute RPM should be all that is required Consult your equipment manufacturer and MICHELIN representative for details if you are retrofitting other than equivalent sizes TIRE REVOLUTIONS PER MILE AND RETROFITS TO MICHELIN X ONE TIRES Gear Ratio A change in tire dimension will result in a change in engine RPM at a set cruise speed that will result in a change in speed and fuel economy The effect of tire size change on gear ratio should be considered in individual operations A decrease in tire radius will increase tractive torque and increase indicated speed An increase in tire radius will reduce tractive torque and decrease indicated speed Tire Revs Mile Speed Size These factors can affect engine RPM if corresponding changes are not made to engine ratios Example Going from larger diameter tire to smaller diameter tire If you currently run a 275 80R22 5 MICHELIN XDN 2 tire 511 Tire Revs Mile and change to a 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X One XDN 2 tire 515 Tire Revs Mile the speedometer will indicate a slightly higher speed than the actual speed the vehicle is traveling Final Tire Revs
60. een on the sidewall The odor of the petroleum based product may be evident The rubber will also be softer than another part of the tire with no petrol damage Generally it may be 30 40 points softer on the shore hardness gauge If these conditions are seen or experienced scrap the tire Swellings in the Tread Sidewall Contamination CLEANING AND PROTECTION Soap and water is the best solution to cleaning tires If you use a dressing product to protect your tires from aging use extra care and caution Tire dressings that contain petroleum products alcohol or silicone will cause deterioration and or cracking and accelerate the aging process Be sure to refer to the protectant or dressing label contents to confirm that none of these harmful chemicals are present In many cases it is not the dressing itself that can be a problem but rather the chemical reaction that the product can have with the antioxidant in the tire Heat can make this problem worse When these same dressing products are used on a passenger car tire that is replaced every 3 to 4 years it is rare to see a major problem In many cases truck tires may last much longer due to higher mileage yields and subsequent retread lives and the chemical reaction takes place over a longer period MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance THE USE OF SEALANTS IN MICHELIN TRUCK TIRES The use of sealants in MICHELIN Truck Tires does not affect the tire warranty
61. eer is dangerous because once the rear end comes around the vehicle is uncontrollable and may enter a spin Braking only makes this condition worse Under steer is the more desirable condition because you have direct control over the front tires and deceleration usually corrects the condition The MICHELIN X One tire has a higher cornering stiffness and can generate more lateral force than standard dual drive tires Increasing cornering stiffness of the rear tires promotes under steer Additionally it will take more force to jack knife the vehicle CORNERING STIFFNESS FOR DIFFERENT TIRES 7 000 6 000 5 000 lt Q 4 000 c E 3 000 c 2 000 1 000 MICHELIN X One Tire Two Dual 0 E Conventional Wide Base 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 40 000 45 000 50 000 Normal Force N Source Recent evaluations at a Michelin facility in South Carolina 60 Operation and Handling Contact Pressure HYDROPLANING A tire s contact pressure can reduce your chance of Hydroplaning occurs when the tire loses contact hydroplaning The MICHELIN X One tire has higher with the road This can happen when the water contact pressure at the edge of the tread which pressure exceeds the contact pressure between the provides a wider sweet spot than dual tires In the tire and the road graph below you can see that the contact pressure is slightly higher in the center
62. ell or center portion of the wheel This is what allows the tire to be easily mounted on a single piece wheel the tire bead will drop into this cavity The 14 00 x 22 5 15 degree bead seat drop center tubeless wheel required for the MICHELIN X One tire has differently styled drop centers depending on the manufacturer Accuride aluminum part 29660 and steel wheels as well as Hayes Lemmerz steel wheels are produced with a narrow ledge on one side and a long tapered ledge on the other The narrow ledge is necessary to ease the mounting and dismounting process The Alcoa aluminum wheel is manufactured with a narrow ledge on either side This allows it to be mounted and dismounted from either side Mount tire from the narrow ledge Accuride N WARNING Always ensure the narrow ledge is up when mounting or demounting Mount tire from either ledge Alcoa VALVE SYSTEMS Always replace the whole valve assembly when a new tire is mounted Ensure the valve stem is installed using the proper torque value 80 to 125 in Ibs 7 to 11 ft Ibs for aluminum wheels and 35 to 55 in Ibs 3 to 5 ft Ibs for tubeless steel wheels When an aluminum wheel is used in the outset position TR553E valve degree bend should be used This valve has a 75 degree bend that facilitates taking pressures If the valve stem is installed on the inboard side of the wheel ensure proper clearance exists between the brake drum and the va
63. eriences hard braking can be affected Results of bead heat 1 Immediate Failure In some cases after periods of hard braking where brake drums reach very high temperatures in excess of 600 F immediate failure can occur This normally occurs when a truck is brought to a stop for a period of time with very high brake temperatures Often this occurs when an over the road truck stops at a truck stop at the bottom of a long descent As the heat rises from the brake drum there is excessive heat buildup in the portion of the tire bead directly above the brake drum inner bead of inside dual The high temperature can cause a breakdown of the rubber products in the bead area and allow the steel body cables to unwrap from the bead This process results in a tire rapid air loss This phenomenon is also common in urban and refuse fleets when the driver stops for a break after a period of hard braking 2 Premature aging of the carcass Heat is a tire s worst enemy A tire subjected to high heat conditions over an extended period of time will experience accelerated aging of the rubber products The accelerated aging may result in a blowout during operation or it may render the casing unsuitable for retread The graph below demonstrates how operating with bead temperatures in excess of 200 F will significantly reduce your casing life CASING LIFE vs BEAD TEMPERATURE 400 i 350 5 5 300 KU 250 UO 200 150
64. et Wheel with MICHELIN X One Tires Axle Track Widths Vehicle Track SPINDLES 22225665 Fare x IA 2 hu i Rs a sean 16 OVERALL VEHICLE TRACK AND WIDTH 17 BEARINGS 18 ENGINE COMPUTERS 18 AIR INFLATION AND PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS 19 20 The Use of Pressure Monitoring and Inflation Systems with MICHELIN Truck Tires Automated Tire Inflation System ATIS on Trailers and Missed Nail Holes TRUCK TYPE BY WEIGHT CLASS 21 22 MICHELIN X One Tires in 4x2 Applications Y Z7 MICHELIN 5 9 better way forward AXLE IDENTIFICATION TAGS There are primarily three manufacturers of drive and trailer axles for the long haul highway market Meritor DANA and Hendrickson all supply trailer axles while only DANA and Meritor supply drive axles Meritor DRIVE AXLE IDENTIFICATION AXLE IDENTIFICATION TAG INFORMATION Model No Customer No Serial No __ Identification Tag OUR mousing Location of the identification tag or stamp number Tag for the axles Location is determined from the left driver side looking toward the front of the vehicle A 7 NS A Front engine drive Right rear next to cover B Rear engine drive Left or right rear next to drive unit Axle Carrier Identification Tag Identification Tag Meritor TRAILER AXLE IDENTIFICATI
65. f 3rd working ply Max diameter 40 mm 1 6 in Severe Service Max 60 per tire Max surface 1600 mm 2 5 in diameter 30 mm 1 2 in Buzzouts Serie Max surface 900 mm 1 4 ir 2nd working ply Infinicoil Severe Service Max 20 per tire vm ACA y Nail Hole Repairs All Max 5 per tire Max diameter 10 mm 0 4 in Crown Max diameter 25 mm 1 0 in Section Repairs All Max 2 per tire Sidewall L 70 mm x W 25 mm 2 8 in x 1 0 in L 90 mm x W 20 mm 3 8 in x 0 8 in L 120 mm x W 15 mm 4 7 in x 0 6 in For up to 6 mm nail hole repairs in the shoulder area the repair unit should be upsized larger than CT20 and offset to move the reinforcement end as far away from the maximum flex area as possible RETREAD RECOMMIENDATIONS Tread Width Casing Size Buff Radius Circumference Tread Type Max Min 1700 mm 50 mm 3070 mm Flat Tread 390 mm 445 50R22 5 or or 67 inches x 2 inches 121 inches Wing Tread 375 420 mm 385 430 mm 455 55R22 5 or or 67 inches 2 inches 127 inches Wing Tread 385 430 mm 395 440 mm 1 For MRT Custom Mold Retread the buff radius should be 2200 mm 87 in 2 For non Michelin wing tread sizes contact MRT Technical Support at 1 888 678 5470 Option 3 DO Retread and Repair Recommendations TIRE MANAGEMENT The goal of every truck operator is to achieve the lowest possible operating cost taking advantage of the performance built into each hi
66. footprint s length and width are reduced black footprint when compared to 100 psi footprint gray footprint Shoulder Center 12 mm MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 37 Tire pressure maintenance advice for users of the MICHELIN X One wide single truck tires The MICHELIN X One family of truck tires is designed to replace dual assemblies on drive and trailer positions in over the road applications Proper pressure maintenance is critical to obtain optimized performance from these tires Due to the unique casing design of the MICHELIN X One tires traditional pressure adjustment practices for dual tires may not apply to MICHELIN X One tires In order to ensure optimal performance of these tires Michelin North America offers the following guidelines Cold inflation pressure should be based on maximum axle load in daily operation Cold inflation pressures must not be greater than indicated in the tables below for actual axle loads For additional information please consult the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWL40731 MICHELIN INFLATION CHARTS FOR TRUCK TIRES To select the proper load and inflation table locate the tire size below then match the tire s sidewall markings to the table with the same sidewall markings If the tire s sidewall markings do not match any table listed please contact your MICHELIN dealer for the applicable load and inflation table Industry load and inflation st
67. gen in MICHELIN Truck Tires Run flat and Zipper Ruptures Tire Inspection MICHELIN X One Tires Load and Inflation Tables IRREGULAR TIRE WEAR 45 46 Tractor Heel Toe Block Edge Wear Center Wear River Wear Only Trailer Step Shoulder Localized Wear Shoulder Cupping Brake Skid ALIGNMENT AND 47 49 Introduction Toe Axle Skew Trailer Alignment Vibration Balance TREAD DEPTH PULL 5 50 CARE CLEANING AND 5 51 Diesel Fuel Contamination Cleaning and Protection 5 5 22 2 2 12 2 52 VALVE STEM 52 Retread and Repair Recommendations 53 58 MICHELIN X ONE RETREAD AND REPAIR 5 54 55 Initial Inspection Shearography Buffino Using Buffing Templates After Buff Inspection Builder Enveloping Curing Final Inspection REPAIR 5 56 RETREAD 56 CASING MANAGEMENT
68. gh tech MICHELIN X One radial truck tire Tire maintenance proper air pressures repairs vehicle alignment and retreading are all keys to help ensure maximized performance and extended casing life Over the past 10 years a number of operational and product changes have occurred that should be considered when establishing tire use patterns The single most important point of any program is Know Your Customer TIRE CHANGES 1 New Tires Today s MICHELIN X One tires with wider treads and deeper tread depths provide more original tread miles The tire arrives at the retreader with more time in service more miles and exposure to road conditions 2 Retread Changes Wider treads new tread designs and new compounds have increased retread mileages VEHICLE CHANGES 1 Longer Trailers There has been a move from 40 to 48 and 53 trailers as standards in the contract and private carriage business 2 Wider Trailers Widths have increased from 96 to 102 The combination of longer and wider trailers increases the frequency of the duals being curbed 3 Setback Front Axles Moving the steer axle back increases stress on steer tires and load efficiency by allowing better load distribution The result is higher average axle loads 4 Electronic Engines Better engine control and more efficient operation improve the ability of the vehicle to maintain higher cruise speeds OPERATIONAL CHANGES 1 Speed limit The national l
69. greater to help ensure that the casing has the best chance of passing inspection One reason they choose this higher than legal minimum depth is that they know that even if they set it at 5 32 there will be some tires that slip through and may not be removed until 2 32 or 3 32 later In other words if a tire that should be pulled for fleet spec of 5 32 stays in service a little longer it wont be as big an issue as the tire that was supposed to be pulled at 3 32 and continued to stay in service for an additional 2 32 of wear It is a good safety net for ensuring you meet DOT minimum requirements and also for the casing that becomes more susceptible to stone drilling penetrations or cuts Additionally there are also some visual clues that are molded into every MICHELIN X One tire to alert you to pull points Shoulder Scallops Mold Line All MICHELIN X One tires have built in scallops or small indentations right on the shoulder edge The bottom of this scallop corresponds with the normal wearing surface of the tread Therefore when the tire wears down to the bottom of this indentation it is time to remove the tire for retreading Additionally there is a circumferential raised line just below the bottom of the scallops This is where the tread mold meets the sidewall mold and the rule of thumb if using this indicator as a reference is to pull the tire when the wear reaches 1 4 ABOVE this line Also ther
70. heels put into service When installed they should be torqued using the proper tool at 80 to 125 in Ibs 7 to 11 ft Ibs for aluminum wheels and 35 to 55 in Ibs 3 to 5 ft Ibs for steel wheels Checking for loose and leaky valve stems should be made a part of your regular maintenance schedule Methods for checking for loose valve stems check with a torque wrench check by hand to see if the valve nut is loose spray a soapy solution on the valve to see if there is a leak 52 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance Corrosion Related Leak at the Base of the Wheel Corrosion Related Leak at the Base of the Valve Stem MICHELIN X ONE RETREAD AND REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS 54 55 Initial Inspection Shearography Buffing Using Buffing Templates After Buff Inspection Builder Enveloping Curing Final Inspection REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS 56 RETREAD RECOMMENDATIONS 56 CASING MANAGEMENT 57 58 gt MICHELIN A better way forward ane 53 The MICHELIN X One tire may require some special equipment to handle the wider tread and casing it does not require any special procedure to be repaired or retreaded As with any tire special care should be given to respect the recommendations and guidelines associated with the specific product to ensure optimum performance INITIAL INSPECTION Inspect the MIC
71. hould be completely cleaned before and or after each build series The base of the wider MICHELIN X One tread will come in contact with the roller s outer edges so care should be taken to prevent contamination by cleaning the rollers at frequent intervals Tread building should not begin until tire pressure has reached the target inflation pressures in the expandable rim as defined by your retread process manufacturer For cushion to casing extruded bonding gum application recommended minimum inflation pressure is 0 8 bar or 12 psi Bonding gum thickness should not exceed 1 5 mm 2 32 inch in the crown and 2 5 mm 3 32 inch in the shoulders Note For non Michelin wing tread products contact MRT Duncan SC at 1 888 678 5470 then press 3 for Technical Support ENVELOPING Contact your envelope supplier for the recommended size envelopes to be used CURING Cure the MICHELIN X One casing according to cure law for the tread design per the retread process manufacturer FINAL INSPECTION Perform a final inspection of the MICHELIN X One casing according to the retread process manufacturer work method and specification Note The retreader is still responsible for determining if the MICHELIN X One casing is capable of being retreaded the same as would be done for any other tire in the inspection process Principal Components Shoulder Crown HM Crown Plies Body Ply Inner Liner Si
72. imit has continually increased in the past decade 2 GVW Gross Vehicle Weight With the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1983 the weight limits went from 73 280 1 5 to 80 000 Ibs With setback axles you can realistically load to 80 000 Ibs 3 Greater Vehicle Utilization More loaded miles mean productivity gains All of these changes lead to the casing Exceeding the legal speed limit is neither recommended nor endorsed arriving at the retread stage with a higher level of fatigue To utilize these casings to their maximum casing management should be employed in the selection of the retread CASING MANAGEMENT IN THE PAST Highway fleets typically employ the casing management pattern below Position of Tire First Position of First Subsequent Used On Retread Use Retread Use Drive Drive Drive or Trailer Trailer Trailer Drive or Trailer CASING FATIGUE In terms of casing fatigue the severity of use is as follows Drive Axle most fatigue New drive tires lug type often can accumulate twice as many miles or more before retreading than trailer tires The same is true for drive axle lug type retreads The tires also run hotter deeper tread and with more torque Trailer Axle least fatigue The trailer tire starts life with a shallow cooler tread and is usually retreaded with a shallow retread Annual miles are low The trailer tire casing usually sees more curb abuse negle
73. inflation causing injury to operator or bystander Wear safety goggles Keep all parts of body outside cage Use extension hose clip on chuck and remote valve Consult the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWLA0732 for proper inflation Safety Cage with MICHELIN X One Tire Appendix 75 TOOLS FOR HANDLING THE MICHELIN X ONE TIRE ASSEMBLY Tire and wheel dollies are available from commercial tire supply companies to make the mounting and removing of the assemblies on off of the vehicle easier There are various types to choose A tire dolly may provide the lifting assistance to mount or remove the MICHELIN X One tire assembly which may help to avoid possible injury Tire Dolly 76 Appendix Some people have difficulty standing on the tire using conventional mounting techniques and good devices to help hold the bead in place without damaging the wheel are coated bead keepers shown here Bead Keepers Special Cart for Removing Stuck Wheels INDEX A 4X2 I raCfOfS ku s soda ad AGES 22 AA IAEA PEE 4 8 10 Air Infiltration 10 34 35 Air LoSs Inside cover 5 24 26 34 41 52 64 66 eb PEE TIIE pa aa os O N 4 8 9 ii IAA qaa EAA 46 48 Aluminum Wheels 4 9 24 49 52 62 Applicaton iii towne i 3 4 6 8 14 15 18 21 22 38 46 55 56 64 6
74. inor leave the tire in service If tire induces vibration has exposed steel or is lower than the minimum required tread depth remove the tire from service Even vehicles equipped with anti lock brake systems ABS can experience flat spotting depending on the number and placement of sensors and modulators used 46 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance INTRODUCTION In order to maximize tire life the MICHELIN X One tire equipped truck needs to be maintained just like its dual equipped counterpart Due to the complexity of today s trucks this can be an overwhelming task By addressing the primary causes of the most common tire wear issues we can simplify this process The following 4 step approach attacks the major sources of tire wear alignment wear and vibration 1 Pressure 1 cause of irregular wear issues Pages 45 46 2 Toe 1 cause of alignment related wear issues 3 Axle Skew 2 cause of alignment related wear issues 4 Radial and Lateral Runout 1 cause of vibration related issues All 4 steps can be performed at the fleet level and require a minimal investment for tools and training For more detailed information on alignment refer to TMC RP 642A Total Vehicle Alignment Recommendations for Maximizing Tire and Alignment Related Component Life For more detailed information on runout and balance refer to TMC RP 214 Tire Wheel End Balance and Runout TOE Toe is the 1 cause of alignment related
75. ion MWL42987 MICHELIN ATTACC PLUS Laminated Card MWLA1218 Radial and Lateral Runout MWT43215 Technical Bulletins www michelintruck com CDs DVDs MICHELIN X One Tire DYD concen usse dur pora piak necro oe Mee cb Ea pee ec E MWV42737 MICHELIN X One Tire Technical Videos DVD MWV42085 Benefits of the MICHELIN X One Retread and Casing Thermal Camera Demonstrations MYV43856 MICHELIN tires and tubes are subject to a continuous development program Michelin North America Inc reserves the right to change product specifications at any time without notice or obligation Please consult wheel manufacturer s load and inflation limits Never exceed wheel manufacturer s limits without permission of component manufacturer gt Y MICHELIM Y better way forward Pressure Maintenance Drivers have commented that an under inflated MICHELIN X tire 15 more likely to be detected with a simple visual inspection than dual tires However pressure is difficult to gauge visually even for the most experienced driver A Do use a properly calibrated gauge when verifying the pressure of a MICHELIN X
76. ion RMA have agreed that a tire must be considered flat if the inflation pressure is 20 or more below the pressure recommended for that tire A flat tire must be removed from the wheel thoroughly examined and properly repaired prior to re inflation and use JRE MONITORING SYSTEMS Some systems provide inflation pressure information at the sensor site only so the driver must walk around the vehicle to gather view either the pressure reading or low pressure warning Other systems transmit the information to the cab where it may be viewed by the driver and or sent to a central facility if the vehicle is tracked by satellite Automated Tire Inflation Systems ATIS are designed to add air to maintain a preset pressure but do not have the ability to reduce the pressure should a tire be over inflated These systems can account for slower leaks determined by the air delivery capacity of the system and provide some warning to the driver when the system is energized adding air or when it cannot keep up with the leak Almost all inflation only systems use air from the vehicle air brake system so they will be limited in max pressure and available volumetric flow In addition these systems are usually only applied to trailer axles where plumbing the air supply line is easier Even with the inflation system in place routine manual inflation pressure checks are still required Tire inflation systems may add air to tires determined to be
77. ion of that indicated on the tire will result in the premature onset of irregular wear excessive noise levels and significantly reduced tread life MICHELIN X One XDA Energy Drive Tire MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 27 2 BAR DEMOUNT METHOD Beginning at the valve remove the first bead using the curved end of the tire irons Place the two irons 6 8 apart and walk through towards the center of the assembly placing both irons on the opposite flange This will lift the first bead up over the flange Remove one of the irons and continue to work it around the tire bead taking small bites until the entire bead is removed 28 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 3 BAR DEMOUNT METHOD This method is similar to the 2 bar method with a third iron inserted 8 from the first two With the first two irons walk through towards the center of the assembly placing both irons on the opposite flange This will lift the first bead up over the flange Leave both irons in this position With the third iron walk through towards the center of the assembly This should remove the first bead from the wheel Remove the third bar and take additional bites if necessary to fully remove the first bead from the wheel Make sure to have adequate lubrication and use the irons correctly to eliminate tire and or wheel damage DEMOUNTING THE SECOND BEAD Now demount the second bead There are two methods to accomp
78. it must be identified and corrected to avoid further damage to that component possibly leading to a compromise in safety AVAILABLE SYSTEMS Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems TPMS have been legislated for all vehicles by the TREAD Act Transportation Recall Enhancement Accountability and Documentation The implementation schedule is in place for vehicles with gross vehicle weight GVW below 10 000 lbs but is yet to be determined for heavier vehicles The existing systems read the pressure in the tire via a sensor mounted on the valve stem wheel or inside the tire Sensors that are not physically inside the tire and wheel cavity cannot accurately measure the internal air temperature so they are unable to determine the cold inflation pressure In addition external sensors may require additional inflation line plumbing that creates additional potential leak points Monitoring systems may provide either pressure data or a low pressure warning The pressure data may be hot or cold pressure so it is necessary that the person viewing that data fully understands which pressure is reported and what it means Low pressure alarm systems only alert the driver when the pressure in a particular tire or pair of dual tires if linked together is below some fleet chosen minimum This value may be preset by the sensor supplier or may be programmable by the fleet Tire manufacturers through the Rubber Manufacturers Associat
79. ize TIRE MARKINGS LOAD RANGES ISO DOT DESCRIPTIONS Size Design X One XDA ENERGY X One XDN 2 445 50R22 5 X One XTA X One XTE X One XDA ENERGY X One XDN 2 X One XTE L 20 L 20 L 20 L 20 L 20 L 20 L 20 455 55R22 5 LI Ply Rating ISO Load ISO Speed Approximate Weight X One XZU 5 M 22 166 11 700 Ibs M 75 mph 198 X One XZY 3 M 22 166 11 700 Ibs M 75 mph 202 Gp Indicates a cut and chip resistance tread compound for more aggressive environments Exceeding the legal speed limit is neither recommended nor endorsed The weights are estimates only The actual weight may vary Tire and Wheel Nomenclature TIRE APPLICATIONS AND DESIGN Long Haul A The Long Haul application is On Off Road Y On Off Road tires are designed to composed of businesses operating primarily in provide the durability and performance necessary in highly common carrier vocations Vehicle annual mileage 80 000 to 200 000 aggressive operating conditions at limited speeds Vocations such as construction mining and logging use these highly specialized tires Regional E The Regional application is made Vehicle annual mileage 10 000 to 70 000 up of businesses such as public utilities government federal state and local food distribution process Urban U Urban applications are very short mileage manufacturing process petroleum and schools with a high percentage of stop
80. lers are typically the tapered roller type with either grease semi fluid grease or oil level lubrication Anticipated bearing life is compared by running an ANSI American National Standards Institute L10a test to statistically determine the fatigue life The test variables are wheel end loading amount and location bearing end play tire and wheel weight tire static loaded radius and duty cycle vehicle speed and turn frequency and lateral g loading The output is L10a Weighted Bearing System Life in miles The common belief among fleet maintenance technicians is that bearings do not fail or wear out in normal service unless subjected to loss of lubricant excessive endplay or excessive preload However due to increased variances in the quality of bearings in the market place proper inspection maintenance practices should be employed to ensure preventing premature failures and extending the life of the bearing Poor Quality Bearings e New bearings show pitting on the rollers Bearing failure mode is spalling across the entire roller Bearing cage failures also occurs New Bearings Old Bearings Good Quality Bearings New bearings show a perfect clean finish Bearings fail in an expected failure mode light spalling on the loaded edge New Bearings Tire revolutions and axle ratio are inputs to the Engine Control Module ECM to manage road speed Changing from dual to MICHELIN X One tires may requi
81. lish this task FIRST METHOD The first method is to position the tire and wheel assembly upwards with the short side at twelve o clock Place smooth flat end of two irons under the tire bead and turn the irons to lock the lip against the flange of the wheel Carefully lower assembly using an up and down rocking motion and the tire will release from the wheel SECOND METHOD The second method for demounting the second bead is to lay the tire flat on the ground with the tire irons under the flange of the wheel and with a rocking motion disengage the wheel from the tire Some technicians find this method to be easier The methods described are the most common way of mounting and demounting MICHELIN X One tires using standard tire irons There is a variety of other hand tools and automated machines available through tire supply stores that accommodate MICHELIN X One tire products MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 29 Mismount occurs when the tire beads do not seat fully on the tapered rim flange area of the wheel As can be seen in this diagram one of the tire beads has fully seated against the rim flange But in another small area the bead did not climb completely up the tapered area of the wheel In this area the bead is tucked further under the wheel making the sidewall slightly shorter If the tire continues to run it will develop maxi mini wear which is characterized by the tread depth on
82. lly place items like golf balls inside the tire to act asa balancing agent as this can lead to inner liner damage Use proper repair techniques and inspect all repairs prior to returning tire to service MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 35 FOOTPRINT COMPARISONS TO DUAL TIRE FITMENTS FOOTPRINTS MICHELIN X ONE XDN 2 445 50R22 5 VERSUS MICHELIN XDN 2 275 80R22 5 UE m Unloaded 8 500 Ibs axle Loaded 17 000 165 Loaded 17 000 Ibs axle Loaded 17 000 Ibs axle 36 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance Take notice that switching to single tire fitments causes a slight reduction in footprint area when compared to dual This will not have a negative impact on your traction The MICHELIN X One tire footprint will be dependent on pressure recommendations and vehicle loads One should always select a pressure that will adequately support the loads your fleet encounters as defined in the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWL40731 Overinflation of the MICHELIN X One tires will not only reduce the footprint but can adversely affect handling wear and ride characteristics Overinflating tires may also result in exceeding the wheel s maximum pressure 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X ONE XDN2 AT 100 PSI 120 PSI FOOTPRINT OVERLAID ON 100 PSI FOOTPRINT The photo below demonstrates what occurs to the footprint when you overinflate the same tire to 120 psi The overinflated
83. lve stem It is highly recommended that the older style valve stems TR543E be replaced with the newer style TR553E to minimize corrosion build up thereby minimizing stem leaks TR553E Valve left and TR543E right When installed in the inset position the longer TR545E valve is required TR545E Valve If the operator uses the wheel as a step when securing the load a straight TR542 valve may be preferable An angle head pressure gauge will be required to check pressure but it may still be difficult due to interference with the hub TR542 Valve Per TMC RP 234 Proper Valve Hardware Selection Guidelines it is recommended that an anti corrosive or dielectric compound be used on the valve stem threads and O rings prior to installation This will prevent corrosion from growing around the O ring which squeezes it and causes leaks Check with your aluminum wheel manufacturer or valve stem supplier for their recommendation of an anti corrosive compound tee 4 Corrosion Related Leak Note Corrosion On Bottom Valve Checking for loose and leaky valve stems should be made a part of your regular maintenance schedule Methods for checking for loose valve stems are check with a torque wrench check by hand to see if the valve nut is loose spray a soapy solution on the valve to see if there is a leak To protect the valve from dirt and moisture a heat resistant metal valve cap with a rubber se
84. ly to save money This is a bad idea because the dollar or two you save on a bucket of lube won t be worth replacing a tire due to irregular wear caused from mismount or damaged beads 2 Inflate the assembly enough to seat the beads with the tire laying horizontally or parallel to the ground A good practice to follow that will ensure the tire beads are seated properly is to lay the tire and wheel horizontally on the ground or better yet use a 5 gallon bucket as a stand which will keep the bottom sidewall Five gallon bucket filled with weights from touching the ground The reason you want to seat the beads with the tire horizontal is that if the initial inflation is done with the tire and wheel standing vertically the weight of the wheel pushing down on the two beads must be overcome in order to center the wheel on the tire A MICHELIN X One tire wheel weighs between 70 and 125 Ibs and it can be very hard to overcome gravity if tire beads are seated with the tire and wheel inflated standing up Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA guidelines require the tire to be inflated in an approved safety cage However the first 3 to 5 psi of pressure may be applied to the tire outside the safety cage to properly seat the beads 3 Inspect the guide rib to ensure that the tire is concentrically mounted Using a small machinist s ruler available at most hardware stores for 2 check the wheel flange to th
85. measuring radial runout on block style drive tread designs Lateral Runout Specifications for MICHELIN X One tires See TMC RP 214C Tire Wheel End Balance and Runout for more details on radial and lateral runout readings Radial Runout lt 095 Lateral Runout lt 095 14 x 22 5 Aluminum Wheels lt 030 14 x 22 5 Steel Wheels lt 070 Tools Required Truck style runout gauge stand with dial indicator BALANCE The Technology Maintenance Council TMC has specifications for balancing Specifications for X One tires See TMC RP 214C Tire Wheel End Balance and Runout Appendix B for more details on balance Steer 2407 Drive 28 oz Trailer 28 oz Tools Required A static or dynamic wheel balancer and adapters to accommodate the larger MICHELIN X One tire and wheel assembly When troubleshooting a ride disturbance it is standard practice to check the balance Due to the major impact runout has on balance it is recommended that radial and lateral runout are checked prior to attempting to balance the assembly MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 49 When setting a fleet standard for tread depth pull points there is more to consider than just the legal DOT Department of Transportation minimum tread depths of 4 32 steer and 2 32 drive and trailer Most fleets who retread or even sell their casings to dealers or other fleets who do retread will generally choose a tread depth of 5 32 or
86. n Pressure 10 19 38 40 44 R 555555524 cee ee IIIA bs i 19 45 49 73 Rapid Air LOSS iia Inside Cover 22 34 64 66 west IAA MEI 2 12 18 24 36 61 73 Recreational Vehicle RV 21 Refuse Vehicles 10 21 66 RON SEA U 3 54 REDAN oi sucede i 24 34 35 40 43 54 56 Repair Bead Rep alta dois dex Seventeen 55 56 hepair donee ewe qaqa 55 56 Repair e Nail WONG AA 56 Repair Section Repair 56 e Spot Repa wi AHA 56 li 2 30 50 51 55 56 66 REWONU REWONUING uu y vcs 2 4 15 16 18 FPD T l Cdl asco cue Tem ren pd 45 seu rs OH REESE Inside Cover 62 65 esseri wwe 45 46 R n Hdb EOSRE REPRE ESOS 24 26 40 42 65 Runout Radial and Latera 47 49 S EE 19 24 26 31 33 43 50 62 64 75 Salley Ca rE cT 26 31 43 75 qara tes 52 SOCIOD BROpalr iia 56 veda IAA woot Cones sss 19 46 52 Severe Service Severe Use 56 ERR 54 78 Appendix Shoulder Step Wear 30 38 45 46 i 2 10 17 20 24
87. ndary Actions Turn on flashers Deploy safety triangles Inspect vehicle for damage Call for assistance 64 Operation and Handling This can be simplified by remembering the following DROP ROLL and STOP In other words the vehicle lean or DROP may be the first indication of a rapid air loss Dont jam on the brakes Pumping the brakes will allow the damaged wheel end to ROLL to a STOP without lock up There are many MICHELIN X One tire training videos including rapid air loss handling and specific application demonstrations To obtain one of these contact your local MICHELIN dealer or the MICHELIN sales representative in your area TRACTION Traction is dependent on the following variables speed tread depth conditions dry or wet depth of water tread design tread rubber compound road surface concrete asphalt CHAINS Depending on the state in which you are traveling chains may or may not be required If chains are required several companies have chains available for the MICHELIN X One tire The thing to remember when purchasing chains for your MICHELIN X One tire is the tire size as the 445 50R22 5 chains dont fit the 455 55R22 5 and vice versa For more information consult your local dealer or go to www tirechains com The information provided is for reference only Chains specific questions should be directed to the chains manufacturer
88. one side of the tire being deeper than on the other side In this case balancing will only be a band aid In other words the tire may be balanced for a few thousand miles but as the tire wears the weights would have to magically shift to another part of the tire and wheel assembly in order to maintain proper balance Because they don t magically shift to other locations the driver usually comes back after a few thousand miles saying whatever you did it worked for a little while but now the vibration has come back Mismount 30 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance If the tire mismount is not detected immediately the tire may develop localized shoulder wear Eventually the tire wear pattern will appear around the rest of the shoulder sometimes resulting in a noticeable ride disturbance If mismount is detected early deflate dismount inspect re lube and re mount the tire Sometimes the irregular wear from mismount may be too significant to fix At this point you can either send the tire to the trailer position or retread the casing For a detailed discussion on mismount please refer to the Runout and Match Mounting video from your MICHELIN Representative Maxi Mini Wear THERE ARE 3 EASY STEPS TO HELP MINIMIZE MISMOUNTED TIRES 1 Use a generous amount of tire lube Make sure that you only dilute the lube to the specifications of the manufacturer Some shops will try to dilute the lube additional
89. ons 0 O 2 Outset AXLES TRACK WIDTHS Three standard trailer axle track widths are available They are 71 5 77 5 and 83 5 A typical tandem drive axle track width is approximately 72 Check with the axle manufacturers for other sized options Axle width is measured from spindle end to spindle end the two widest points Axle track is a center to center distance between the dual or center of single tire to center of single tire 71 5 is a standard axle track width found on bulk and liquid tankers 77 5 is a standard axle track width for 102 wide trailers 83 5 is the newer wider track axle intended for use with wide singles and 0 outset wheels for increased track width stability and payload VEHICLE TRACK With a standard length axle and 2 outset wheels the resulting variation in track width is an increase of approximately 1 5 per side 3 total as compared to a dual tire configuration End users that have retrofitted vehicles with 2 outset wheels should contact their respective vehicle axle or component manufacturers for specific application approvals or maintenance recommendations Measurements are rounded 77 5 Track Width 80 5 Track Width Note Measurements are nominal values and could vary with manufacturer Truck Technical Specifications 15 SPINDLES There are three main spindle types you will encounter The best way to determine what type of spindle when retrofitting
90. per Ruptures Tire Inspection MICHELIN X One Tires Load and Inflation Tables IRREGULAR TIRE WEAR 45 46 Tractor Heel Toe Block Edge Wear Center Wear River Wear Only Trailer Step Shoulder Localized Wear Shoulder Cupping Brake Skid ALIGNMENT AND VIBRATION 47 49 Introduction Toe Axle Skew Trailer Alignment Vibration Balance TREAD DEPTH PULL POINTS 50 CARE CLEANING AND STORAGE 51 SEALANTS 52 VALVE STEM 52 9 9 MICHELIN 74 better forward 23 MICHELIN X ONE TIRE MOUNTING MICHELIN X One tires are easily mounted on 14 00 x 22 5 approved wheels using procedures similar to that of tires mounted in dual configuration Correct steps and safety practices should be followed to help ensure a proper mount of the tire and wheel assembly These points are covered in the MICHELIN Truck Tire Service Manual 40732 MOUNTING SETUP Be sure to use tools in good condition along with approved vegetable based lubricants with the proper ratio of lubricant to water NO petroleum oils grease silicone oils or solvent based lubricants should be used as these can swell and damage rubber The lubricant and brushes should be free of contaminates In addition make sure to use all personal protective equipment like safe
91. que broken studs cracked wheels and possible wheel loss can occur which can lead to injury or death These parts are not designed to be interchangeable Refer to TMC RP 217B Attaching Hardware for Disc Wheels and TMC RP 608A Brake Drums and Rotors NOTE Some states and provinces have laws that dictate sufficient thread engagement or thread engagement past the nut body Make sure you know the laws for the states and provinces in which you operate and comply TORQUE Stud piloted ball seat mounting system Left hand threads are used on the left side of the vehicle Right hand threads are used on the right side of the vehicle Tighten the nuts to 50 foot pounds using the sequence shown Check that the wheel is properly positioned then tighten to recommended torque using the sequence shown It is recommended that studs and nuts on a stud piloted mounting system should be free of rust and debris They should then be torqued dry to 450 500 foot pounds After 50 to 100 miles of operation torque should be rechecked Hub piloted mounting system Most North American manufacturers of highway trucks tractors and trailers which incorporate the hub piloted wheel mounting system require wheel studs and 2 piece flange nuts with metric threads Most frequently these are M22 x 1 5 Before installing 2 piece flange nuts apply 2 drops of SAE Society of Automotive Engineers 30W oil to the last 2 or 3 threads at the end of each
92. r and affects steer drive and trailer tires It is sometimes referred to as scrub or axle parallelism When drive axles are not parallel to each other it has a negative effect on all tractor tires This is due to the vehicle wanting to pull in the direction where the axle ends are closest together This forces the driver to counter steer in the opposite direction This usually results in feathering of the steer tires in opposite directions In other words one exhibits toe in and the other exhibits toe out If this condition is felt on your steer tires it is usually a classic symptom of your rear drive axles not being parallel with each other By using a trammel bar you can quickly and easily determine if your tractor has a skew problem MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 47 Using a plumb bob and string select two points on the front axle and two on the rear axle that are equal from the center of the trailer chassis Usually the point where the springs air bags mount to the axle makes a good reference point On a flat level surface mark four points on the ground representing the trailer axles and one point for the trailer kingpin P P ye 2 24 1 4 7 4 WAWA 4 we PAP 4 4 Bra 7 Trammel Bar NN ZA Specification 1 8 difference between axle ends Tools Required Trammel bar and tape measure if scale not present on trammel bar
93. rake drum and the proper clamping force necessary to help ensure that the torque on the wheel remains constant will not be achieved possibly resulting in a wheel off situation In the table below the top fastener Part No 5554R amp L Part No Replaces Alcoa 5554R amp L Budd 706 13 4 5554R amp L Alcoa 5995R amp L Webb 178950R 178951L 5995R amp L Accuride NTL NTR 25 Budd 37888 9 Gunite 2564 65 Motor Wheel 84523 24 5652R amp L Zinc Dichromate Plating 5977R amp L Alcoa 5977 R amp L Hardened Zinc Accuride NTL NTR 25 Alcoa 5552R amp L Budd 37891 2 Yellow Dichromate Plating Tire and Wheel Nomenclature is primarily for the Alcoa single mounted stud piloted aluminum wheel example 8 25 x 22 5 and 14 00 x 22 5 wide base stud piloted steel wheel Part No 5995R amp L is for the Alcoa 14 00 x 22 5 wide base stud piloted aluminum wheel The last two fasteners Part No 5652R amp L for a 3 4 16 studs and 5977R amp L for a 1 1 8 16 studs are specified for the 14 00 x 22 5 stud piloted steel wheel Thread High Application and General Information For Single Mounting of Alcoa Forged Aluminum Disc Wheels and Steel Stud Piloted Wide Single Wheels For Alcoa Wide Base Aluminum Wheels Long Grip Cap Nut Larger height provides greater lug wrench contact with the wheel Steel Wheel Single Stud Mounting Front and Rear NOTE The table provided is for reference only Wheel specific que
94. re changing the Tire Revolutions per Mile Tire Revs Mile value in the ECM in order to ensure speed distance and fuel economy are accurate per indications Reference the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWLA0731 for proper Tire Revs Mile values for the MICHELIN X One tires you chose Truck Technical Specifications TMC recommends all axle ends be checked annually or at 100 000 miles For more information refer to TMC RP 631A Recommedations for Wheel End Lubrication Using standard bearings with a 2 wheel outset on a N type spindle arrangement does reduce the L10a bearing life expectancy Bearing manufacturers offer enhanced bearings for trailer and drive axle applications that provide L10a life with 2 outset single wheels near that of conventional bearings with dual wheels These bearings have an extra roller with a slightly different contact geometry between the cup and cone and are machined to tighter tolerances and a smoother surface finish Timken s 454 Series wheel bearings One bearing for Dual and Wide Singles Specially designed to handle the 2 outset loads Allows consistency within fleet Provides flexibility of wheel arrangements Compatible with industry standard components Use with popular axle and hub designs Can retrofit onto existing equipment For more information on the Timken 454 Series wheel bearings visit The Timken Company at www timken com IMPORTANT Some wheel
95. ressure could alter the tire revolutions per mile measurement by as much as 1 5 If pressure is constant going from an empty vehicle to a fully loaded vehicle can change revolution per mile by to 1 5 Treadwear The tire revolutions per mile vary from a new tire to a fully worn tire This can affect tire revolutions per mile by as much as 3 from the rated tire revolutions per mile Tread Geometry The height and stiffness of the blocks and the shape of the tread pattern can affect tire revolutions per mile Torque The presence of driving and braking torque can affect the tire revolutions per mile Type and Condition of Pavement Asphalt vs concrete wet vs dry can create differences in tire revolutions per mile 14 Appendix CALCULATED TIRE REVOLUTIONS PER MILE Example 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X One XDN 2 new tire O D 40 4 SLR 18 7 d 40 4 2 18 7 20 2 18 7 1 5 Tire Revs Mile 20 168 40 4 8 x 1 5 20 168 40 4 1 2 20 168 39 2 Tire Revs Mile 514 489 Calculated vs Data Book Measured tire revolutions per mile of 515 All the information required to determine the proper tire size is contained in the application specific data books To select the proper tire size for a vehicle it is necessary to know the maximum axle loads that the tires will carry and the maximum continuous speed at which they will operate The maximum load that a tire can carry is different if it i
96. s G Range Number Wheel Per Mile 9 32nds mph in N mm in mm hs psi kg kPa sss 1 pes m Ken om er ms ss pem m pes SPECIFICATIONS FOR TREAD DESIGN XDN2 Load Catalog Eg Speed gi edd Revs Max Load and Pressure Max Load and Pressure Range Number r Radiu Danga Measuring wheel i Mie uc WW Dual listed first kPa 165 psi kg kPa o 2 mies ne on no zo 025750 uz m sm Jens ne sos vos 0 62 Operation and Handling JACK KNIFE When you put the tractor and trailer into an extreme turn or jack knife situation the trailer is very vulnerable to rollover Normally traction has a positive influence on the handling of the truck This is no longer true when you put a truck in a jack knife condition Whether dual or single configuration you are forcing the tires to stop rolling and slide sideways As the photo below clearly demonstrates the trailer is twisting because the tires are holding their position on the road This can lead to rollover This is especially true for spread axle trailers and high center of gravity loads Look at the lateral stress placed on the tires from the jack knife situation Turning angles should be minimized to avoid rollover threshold whether operating with duals or MICHELIN WARNING X One tires Operation and Handling 63 NEVER exceed vehicle limitations because
97. s mounted in single configuration rather than in dual The allowable axle loads and the required inflation pressures to carry these loads are shown in the charts for both single and dual mountings in the current MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWL40731 The maximum allowable continuous speed is also indicated SPECIAL TOOLS MOUNTING TOOLS Special tools are available to aid in the mounting and demounting of the MICHELIN X One tire on off the wheel and the MICHELIN X One assembly on off the vehicle Due to the size of the tire and wheel these tools will assist the tire technician in providing both safe and easy methods of removal and installation When removing any tire from a wheel you should use an Impact Bead Breaker Slide Hammer to prevent bead damage This is also a safer way to dislodge the tire beads from the wheel Impact Bead Breaker Slide Hammer Occupational Safety and Health Administration AFTER YOU MOUNT THE MICHELIN X ONE TIRE ON THE WHEEL An extra wide safety cage is available for safe inflation of the tire In most cases a standard cage can accommodate the MICHELIN X One assembly DOT Department of Transportation requires that all truck tires are to be inflated in an inflation cage Tire changing can be dangerous and should be done only by trained personnel using proper tools and equipment as directed by Federal OSHA Standard No 29 CFR Part 1910 177 Tires may explode during
98. should be checked weekly against a master calibrated pressure gauge Tire Billys and Thumpers are not considered accurate tire gauges Sometimes reading the gauge can present difficulties if personnel are not properly trained Spend the time to explain to your personnel the increments on the gauge and how to properly read pressure It is highly recommended that you use a realtire and let the trainee take the pressure and tell you what it reads Proper pressure maintenance is critical to obtain optimized performance from the MICHELIN X One tires As part of the pre trip inspection it is 10 psi 5 psi TEMPERATURE PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP GRAPH This graph displays the reason behind checking your tires when cold As ambient temperature increases pressure increases An increase in ambient and or operating temperature will result in an increase in tire pressure Checking the tires when hot will result in an elevated reading A good field thumb rule to use is that for every 10 degree F increase in temperature above 65 the tire s pressure will increase 2 psi 22051 Actual Pressure 107 psi Pressure psi 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 CN _ oo 65 70 75 PRESSURE recommended that the MICHELIN X One tires are checked daily with an accurate tire pressure gauge Check all tires when cold at least 3 hours after the vehicle has stopped Never bleed
99. stions should be directed to the wheel manufacturer Single Large Stud Mounting Front and Rear 14 00 x 22 5 15 DEGREE DROP CENTER WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS Manufacturer Material Part No Finish Weight Ibs Outset Inset Max Load amp Inflation 10 hole stud located ball seat mounting 11 25 in bolt hole circle Hayes Lemmerz White 125 8 hole hub piloted mounting 10 827 in bolt hole circle Alcoa Brushed Alcoa Polished 10 Hole 2 outset hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle Machine Finished Machine Finished Dura Bright Polished Outside Polished Outside Dura Bright Hayes Lemmerz White 10 Hole 0 outset hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle Machine Finished Machine Finished Dura Bright Polished Dura Bright Hayes Lemmerz White 136 0 51 10 Hole 1 13 outset hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle 0 87 12 800 130 0 87 12 800 130 mN gt CY CY o 0 0 NJ O S 1 49 11 000 125 x 87 12 800 130 87 12 800 130 NJ 87 12 800 130 7 NJ 87 12 800 130 7 12 800 130 7 87 12 800 130 eo NJ eo 88 12 8009 130 eo NJ eo 88 12 8009 130 UJ NJ NJ O 1 38 12 800 120 at UJ A A A A O O O O 51515 Q or Q D D D N Nj e e 2 0 1 49 11 0009 125 12 8009
100. stud and 2 drops to a point between the nuts and flanges This will help ensure that the proper clamping force is achieved when final torque is reached Lubrication is not necessary with new hardware To aid in installation and removal of aluminum wheels some wheel manufacturers recommend lubricating the hub bore and or pilot pads Check with your wheel manufacturer for additional direction Note When retrofitting a dual equipped tractor with steel wheels to an aluminum wheel with MICHELIN X One tire it may be necessary to install longer studs to obtain proper thread engagement of the nut This is due to the aluminum wheel s disc face being approximately 1 4 thicker than two steel wheels in dual Lubricate Here Torque Sequence Both stud piloted and hub piloted wheel systems use the same torque sequence Tighten the flange nuts to 50 foot pounds using the sequence shown Check the disc wheel for positioning on the pilots and proper seating against the drum face Tighten to 450 to 500 foot pounds using sequence shown After 50 to 100 miles of operation torque should be rechecked Ten Stud Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 7 8 PROPER FASTENERS FOR MICHELIN X ONE TIRES ON STUD PILOTED WHEELS It is important that the proper fasteners be used when mounting the MICHELIN X One tire on stud piloted wheels If a fastener specified for the stud piloted aluminum wheel is used on a steel wheel it will bottom out on the b
101. tance 2 Creating assembly lock up can cause irrepairable damage In wet and or icy conditions do not assume that to tire wheel axle components and vehicle 1 Endangers Other Vehicles and People heavy duty truck because you have better traction you will be able to accidents be fatal stop quicker It is always the best practice to increase following distances and reduce driving speeds when STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS traveling in adverse weather conditions Some states have enacted Load Per Inch Width regulations for the purpose of governing axle weight on primarily the steering axle of LIMPING HOME Limping on the MICHELIN X One tire can cause damage to the wheel and casing Although the tire commercial vehicles These regulations provide a carrying capacity of a certain number of pounds per each cross sectional inch across tire s width The determination of the tire s width can vary from COW At s possible nat beni state to state but presumably would be based upon either the tire manufacturer s published technical data for overall width or the width as marked on the sidewall of the tire which may require was run flat Limping home is never recommended even on dual tires Limping is a direct CSA I NEW conversion from Metric to English units It is recommended to DOT Department of Transportation Regulation contact your states DOT office to confirm the current
102. teristics reduce the heat transfer from the brakes to the tire and allow the brakes to run cooler Exposed Brake Drum This effect was demonstrated on a closed course at the Laurens Proving Grounds Michelin s 3 000 acre test facility The Test A 4x2 straight truck outfitted with a temperature logging device was loaded to maximum legal limits and operated on a closed course with almost continuous starting and stopping cycles The truck was brought up to 30 mph and then stopped repeatedly for 45 minutes The temperature logging device recorded brake drum and wheel temperatures in the bead area every 10 seconds The test was run on both MICHELIN X One tires and duals at similar track temperatures and weather conditions After 45 minutes when the brakes were at their peak temperature the temperatures from the data loggers were compared The brake drums fitted with MICHELIN X One tires were over 100 F cooler and wheels were over 30 F cooler in the bead area than when equipped with Duals BRAKE TEMPERATURE MICHELIN X ONE TIRES vs DUALS 700 600 500 400 degrees F 300 200 100 a Dual MICHELIN X One Tire 68 Operation and Handling WHEEL TEMPERATURE MICHELIN X ONE TIRES vs DUALS 220 200 180 160 degrees F 140 120 100 80 Source Recent evaluations at a Michelin facility in South Carolina Thermal Imaging The thermal image photos were captured
103. the assembly Failure to do so may cause irreparable damage to the tire wheel axle components and vehicle Table of Content Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 1 8 SELECTING A TURE uuu e ERR 2 3 Equivalent MICHELIN X One Tire Sizes Tire Revolutions Per Mile and Retrofits to MICHELIN X One Tires Tire Marking Load Range ISO DOT Descriptions DOT Sidewall Markings Tire Applications and Design SELECTING WHEE L a ata 4 5 Outset Inset Drop Centers Valve Systems WHEEL SYSTEMNS u rta aera rrr 6 8 Steel vs Aluminum Stud Piloted Wheels Special Fasteners Hub Piloted Wheels Torque Proper Fastener for MICHELIN X One Tire Steel Stud Piloted Wheels WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS 9 10 14 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Drop Center Wheel Specifications Special Provision for Steer Axle Use on 13 00 x 22 5 Wheels 13 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Wheel Specifications Truck Technical Specificatione 11 22 AXLES AND WHEEL 12 15 Axle Identification Tags Load Ratings Use of 2 Outset Wheel with MICHELIN X One Tires Axle Track Widths Vehicle Track SPINDLES M Y 16 OVERALL VEHICLE TRACK AND WIDTH 17 BEARINGS uu Te
104. the high pressure air makes its way back through the puncture channel it can separate products within the tire The cause of air infiltration can be from e nail or other puncture objects left in the tire bad repair bead damage from mounting dismounting e anything that has caused the innerliner to become damaged A dual tire can show this effect on the upper sidewall bead area or between crown belts Nine times out of ten though it will be in the upper sidewall and manifest itself as a flap or smiley face MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance A more severe form of air infiltration on dual tires results in belt separation and subsequent rapid air loss Just as the MICHELIN X One tire reacts differently to pressure settings it also reacts differently to air infiltration The usual effect of air infiltration on an MICHELIN X One tire can be seen between the top or protector ply and the tread rubber Air infiltration always results in removing the tire from service dual or wide single however not having belt separation or large sidewall ruptures could prevent rapid air loss events Never use a duckbill hammer to mount tubeless Remove and repair nails screws and other truck tires as this is the number one cause of bead penetrations promptly BEFORE they can cause air damages infiltration NEVER leave service items inside the tire like repair parts valves caps etc NEVER intentiona
105. the recommended normal operating pressure Remain outside of the tire s trajectory zone Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard 1910 177 requires all tubeless and tube type medium and large truck tires be inflated using a restraining device or barrier e g safety cage that conforms to OSHA standards and using a clip on chuck with a pressure regulator and an extension hose MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 43 MICHELIN X ONE TIRES LOAD AND INFLATION TABLES To determine the proper load inflation table always refer to the markings on the sidewall for maximum load at cold pressure Contact your MICHELIN dealer for tires with maximum loads and pressures other than indicated here Load and inflation industry standards are in a constant state of change Michelin continually updates its product information to reflect these changes Therefore printed material may not reflect the current load and inflation information NOTE Never exceed the wheel manufacturer s maximum pressure limitation S Single configuration or 2 tires per axle Loads are indicated per axle WHEEL DIAMETER PSI 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 MAXIMUM LOAD AND H 22 5 kPa 520 550 590 620 660 690 720 760 790 830 860 FRESSURE la Lu LBS SINGLE 13880 14620 15360 16060 16780 17480 18180 18740 19560 20400 X One XDA Energy X One XDN2 ne KG SINGLE 6300 6640 6960 7280 7620 7940 8240
106. to the manufacturer s the beads on the flanges recommended operating pressure as listed in the load and inflation tables Please note the lower sidewall beauty rings and ensure the ring is positioned concentrically in relation to the rim flange with no greater than 2 32 of difference found circumferentially If the bead s did not seat deflate tire relubricate the beads and wheel flanges and re inflate Place the assembly in a safety cage per Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA standards and continue inflating to 20 psi An extra wide safety cage is available for safe inflation of the tire In most cases a standard cage can accommodate the MICHELIN X One assembly Finally give the valve stem a check for leakage or Check the assembly carefully for any signs of gas loss with a squirt of leak finder soap and water distortion or irregularities from run flat Closely If no leak is found seal with a metal valve cap inspect the sidewalls for bulges pulled cables that would indicate the tire ran underinflated You should also listen for signs of deterioration in the casing cables i e crackling sound 26 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance MICHELIN X ONE TIRE DEMOUNTING All tires must be completely deflated prior to loosening any nuts and demounting from the vehicle Deflate the tire by removing the valve core Check the valve stem opening with a wire to make sure it is not plugged
107. ty glasses steel toe boots and gloves when mounting assemblies Mounting tools can include traditional T 45 irons wide base Golden tool and approved mounting machines Ensure a good area is available to perform your tire work Floor mats or pads would be beneficial Make certain all components the tire wheel and valve are identified as correct for the assembly Inspect each component for any damages and or conditions that would render it unserviceable and replace item if necessary Mounting Tools Work Area 24 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance WHEEL PREPARATION Make sure the wheel is clean of rust and debris and the mounting surface is smooth Damaged and leaky valve stems O rings and grommets must be replaced You should include in your tire mounting procedures replacing the valve with a new one for every mount to safeguard against any possible used valve O ring issues Ensure the valve stem is installed using the proper torque value 80 125 in lbs 7 11 ft lbs for aluminum wheels and 35 55 in lbs 3 5 ft Ibs for tubeless steel wheels INSPECTING FOR DAMAGES A safety reminder prior to mounting a new tire check for any signs of damage from shipping or storage to the sidewalls inner liner or beads For a used repaired retreaded tire check for signs of low inflation pressure or run flat conditions on the inner liner marbling wrinkles and discoloration Also inspect the bead areas for damag
108. unless it is determined that the sealant has adversely affected the inner liner or the performance of the tires Prior to using any type of sealant Michelin strongly recommends that the customer make sure the sealant has been tested and certified by the sealant manufacturer as being safe for use in tires Please consult Michelin prior to using sealants in any MICHELIN tires that have sensors in them The sealant may adversely affect the performance of the sensors Michelin has jointly tested a non aqueous sealant for use in its regional urban sanitation and on off road tires It was determined that the sealant was both safe and effective in helping to reduce pressure loss as a result of punctures Non aqueous means the sealant contains little or no water Actual sealant testing using the Karl Fisher Method ASTM 6304 weight percent indicated a water content of less than 3 Since the sealant is non aqueous it does not promote the oxidation rusting of the steel cables when a puncture does occur In order to remain water free it is important that once the container is opened during usage it is resealed after use and stored in an air conditioned space if possible This will prevent the absorption of moisture from the atmosphere LOOSE AND LEAKY VALVE STEMS Whether they are new or have been in use over a period of time valve stems can become loose It is recommended that you verify torque on all w
109. uries and death pressure required to support a given load as recommended by tire manufacturer s data book Zipper Rupture This condition is a circumferential rupture in the flex zone of the sidewall This damage is associated with underinflation and or overloading Any moisture that is permitted to reach ply cords will cause corrosion which can also result in a zipper rupture X ray Photo of Broken Cords on Unruptured Casing Circumferential Rupture of Casing Ply or Zipper Rupture 40 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance One should always use an accurate pressure gauge to determine the pressure inside the tire Running the MICHELIN X One tire helps provide an additional visual identification of significantly underinflated tires Compare the difference between the MICHELIN X One tire at 30 psi and the inside dual at 30 psi Since many fleets run pressures higher than the recommended values in the manufacturer s data book it can be confusing as to when a tire should be considered run flat A conservative approach would be to use 8096 of the fleet s operating pressure as described in the table below MICHELIN X Tire at 30 PSI Fleet Pressure Run flat 80 m A m 9 L9 Inside Dual left at 85 PSI Outside Dual right at 30 PSI Permanent tire damage due to underinflation and or overloading cannot always be detected Any tire that is known or suspected to ha
110. ve been run at less than 80 of normal recommended operating pressure and or overloaded could possibly have permanent structural damage steel cord fatigue Ply cords weakened by underinflation and or overloading may break one after another until a rupture occurs in the upper sidewall with accompanying instantaneous gas loss and explosive force This can result in serious injury or death MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 41 TIRE INSPECTION Any tire that is determined or suspected to be run flat should be inspected thoroughly prior to returning to service Look for wrinkling discoloration cracking and or degradation of the inner liner Any breach to the inner liner can result in the introduction of moisture to the casing and subsequent corrosion If any signs of run flat exist to the inner liner the tire should be made unusable and scrapped Potential Zipper Rupture will 4 T NIS NUN m Abrasion Marks on the Sidewall 42 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance Abrasion marks on the sidewall due to road contact and or creases in the sidewall are another indicator of run flat Feel for soft spots in the sidewall flex area Using an indirect light source helps identify sidewall irregularities by producing shadows at the ripples and bulges Look for protruding wire filaments indicating broken sidewall cords All patches should be inspected for lifting cracks splits and general condition
111. vided is for reference only Axle specific questions should be directed to the axle manufacturer LOAD RATINGS 4 Actual Track Width gt The load capacity rating of a given axle is determined by the axle housing strength bearing capacity and hub capacity For some ultra lightweight axles the reduced axle housing thickness may be the weak link but usually it is the bearings or hub that will be the limiting factor These axles and components are typically designed under the assumption that the action line of the tire load is located Wheel Wheel Outset Inset between the two bearings This is typically found with dual tire mounting or with single tires with very low outset wheels with the axle rating being similarly determined If wheels with greater outset are used the resulting cantilever M loading may require lower ratings for some of the axle components The level of de rating and the implications thereof are determined by the axle manufacturer so they should be consulted prior to fitment of outset single wheels Prior to contacting the axle manufacturer you should consult the axle identification tag to obtain the following information Actual Track Width Axle Manufacturer Manufacturers Model Axle Serial Number Axle Capacity Information on actual operational axle loading as opposed to rated load is crucial since the axle manufacturer may Wheel Outset
112. zed Spindle W Wide Track Housing DANA AXLE IDENTIFICATION Identification Tag Eaton Axle O F TeN MODEL PART NO 000000 000000 SERIAL NO C 00000000 000000000 CUST PT NO MADE IN 0000000000 000000000 0 00 000 0000 EST 225 J ees x NES Serial Number Spindle Code J J Trailer Spindle Julian Date D D Trailer Spindle P P Trailer Spindle Year Tube Capacity Rating Manufacturer s Location x 100 Ibs Brake Code 16 1 2 x 7 Brake R 15 x 8 5 8 Brake Extended Service Brake Eaton NOTE The graphic provided is for reference only Axle specific questions should be directed to the axle manufacturer Truck Technical Specifications 13 HENDRICKSON TRAILER AXLE IDENTIFICATION Model VANTRAAX 5836 Description HKANT40K 165RH 77USHD MA X7SH U HUS Spindle Model 2157 SERIAL LI Description 50 16RH 71NST QD X7SHD BUSHING 7 Model 2597 Description AAT 23K 14RH C77USST 75 N N Spindle CAPACITY mzaa AMACTURED LMA BORE OF FOLL Dama Er A U HUS Spindle EL LE YA NILI MO TUM EMAINT a ind nmm E NL Morem Model INTRAAX 3598 PE RINT Description AAL 30K 9RH 71 5 E Lx Mi itn us a Ja e Mainz Wort e ik Amas i P P Spindle E NOTE The graphic pro

MICHELIN X One Truck Tires Service Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents