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1. Laser Safety The Model 3775 CPC is a Class I laser based instrument During normal operation you will not be exposed to laser radiation However you must take certain precautions or you may expose yourself to hazardous radiation in the form of intense focused visible light Exposure to this light can cause blindness Take these precautions Q Do not remove any parts from the CPC unless you are specifically told to do so in this manual OY Do not remove the CPC housings or covers while power is supplied to the instrument The use of controls adjustments or procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous optical radiation Chemical Safety The Model 3775 CPC uses n butyl alcohol butanol as a working fluid Butanol is flammable Butanol is also toxic if inhaled Refer to a Material Safety Data Sheet for butanol and take these precautions Use butanol only in a well ventilated area Under normal operating conditions butanol is exhausted into the air at approximately 0 01 g per minute vii QQ Butanol vapor is identified by its characteristically strong odor and can easily be detected If you smell butanol and develop a headache or feel faint or nauseous leave the area at once Ventilate the area before returning Butanol is flammable Butanol is also potentially toxic if inhaled Use butanol only in a well ventilated area If you smell butanol and develop a headache o
2. Mounting the Bracket and Fill Bottle Mount the black anodized aluminum Bottle Bracket to the back panel using two 8 32 x inch screws and two no 8 lock washers found in the mounting hole locations Refer to the location of the bottle bracket shown in Figure 2 1 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Figure 2 1 View of Fill Bottle Bracket Mounting Find the Fill Bottle in the accessory kit Connect the bottle tube fitting to the Butanol Fill port at the back panel of the instrument Position the bottle with the fitting oriented for minimal stress on the tubing connector on the back panel and place the bottle in the bracket Both mated fittings are leak tight when disconnected Filling the Fill Bottle with Butanol The CPC uses reagent grade n butyl alcohol butanol as the working fluid for particle growth Pour the butanol into the Fill Bottle to at least one third full Because of the leak tight fittings and internal solenoid valve liquid will not flow into the CPC until the connections are made the instrument is switched on and the warm up cycle is complete Note Due to shipping regulations on flammable materials n butyl alcohol butanol is not supplied with the CPC Butanol may be purchased from scientific chemical supply houses Reagent grade butanol is required Connecting the Butanol Drain Bottle A drain bottle should be connected to the Liquid Drain port at the back panel of the CPC The drain bottle collects
3. Read the inlet flow rate setting in liters per minute Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 9999 9 Example 0 3 Read the saturator temperature in degrees Celsius Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 50 0 Example 39 0 Read the condenser temperature in degrees Celsius Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 50 0 Example 14 0 Read the optics temperature in degrees Celsius Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 50 0 Example 40 0 Read the cabinet temperature in degrees Celsius Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 50 0 Example 23 8 Read the current time Returns Www Mmm dd hh mm ss yyyy where Www is the weekday Mmm is the month in letters dd is the day of the month hh mm ss is the time yyyy is the year Example Mon Jun 11 11 05 08 2006 B 2 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter RIE RSN Read the instrument errors Returns 16 bit integer in hexadecimal format The parameter is in error if the bit is set Bit Ox0001 gt Saturator Temp Bit 0x0002 gt Condenser Temp Bit Ox0004 gt Optics Temp Bit 0x0008 gt Inlet Flow Rate Bit 0x0010 gt Aerosol Flow Rate Bit 0x0020 gt Laser Power Bit 0x0040 gt Liquid Level Bit Ox0080 gt Concentration Bit 0x0100 gt Unused Bit 0x0200 gt Unused Bit 0x0400 gt Unused Bit 0x0800 gt Unused Bit 0x1000 gt Unused Bit 0x2000 gt Unused Bit 0x4000 gt Unused Bit Ox8000 gt Unused Read the absolute pressure transd
4. float Firmware Commands B 5 Data Type 2 3771 72 75 UX C C C C C C C C C C R R R R R R R R R R F DTC T T T T T T T T T T SCM STS STC STO SAWR SVO UX gt elapsed time sec integer C gt tenth sec concentration float R gt tenth sec raw counts integer F gt flowrate cc sec float DTC gt deadtime correction float T gt tenth sec deadtime sec float Set the operating mode Params 0 gt Concentration 1 gt Totalizer 2 gt SMPS Example SCM 0 sets operating mode to concentration Set saturator temperature Params c gt 0 0 50 0 Example STS 39 0 changes the saturator set point to 39 0 degrees C Set condenser temperature Params c gt 0 0 50 0 Example STC 14 0 changes the condenser set point to 14 0 degrees C Set optics temperature Params c gt 0 0 50 0 Example STO 40 0 changes the optics set point to 40 0 degrees C Set the auto water removal function on off Params O Off 1 On Example SAWR 1 turns on water removal Set analog output voltage Params v gt 0 000 10 000 Example SVO 4 482 sets the output voltage at 4 482 volts B 6 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter SAO SCOM Set analog output voltage proportional to concentration The analog output is O to 10V Params 0 gt Off l gt 1E1 2 gt 1E2 3 gt 1E3 4 gt 1E4 5 gt 1E5 CPC100 only Example SAO 4 A concentration reading of 1E4 will equal 10V
5. stop USB Mass Storage Device 2 After the message Safe To Remove Hardware The USB Mass Storage Device device can now be safely removed from the system appears physically remove the flash memory card from the card reader Failure to follow these procedures may result in failure to log data with the flash memory card Instrument Operation 4 15 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software Aerosol Instrument Manager software is supplied with the Model 3775 CPC This program provides many useful data acquisition display processing and download functions used in particle measurements Review the supplied Aerosol Instrument Manager software manual for complete information on software functions Moving and Shipping the CPC Make sure the Model 3775 CPC is turned off and remains upright while moving the instrument There is no need to drain the CPC before moving the CPC Prior to shipping however it is necessary to drain butanol from the instrument and dry the instrument Refer to Draining Butanol from the Butanol Reservoir in Chapter 8 to drain the CPC Remove the saturator wick to expedite the drying process The Model 3775 CPC was designed so that the wick is easily removed Refer to the Removing and Installing the Saturator Wick section in Chapter 8 To dry the instrument without taking the wick out run the CPC continuously with the pump on for a period of at least 12 hours During drying place a HEPA filter at
6. If the top bar is in red and the Status shows Multiple Errors statuses that deviate from normal operating parameters are in red color The Status menu can be used as a diagnostic tool ATUS MOTT Al mil f Flash Card Removed Flow Mode 1 5 lpm ES Cpt Dy pad 4 JEA User Settings 41 3 Status Exit CURSOR MEMLI jc 0 r c 8 1 E 4 pic c Figure 4 8 Status MENU Option Highlighted Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Flash Card Removed Saturator Temperature Condensor Temperature Optics Temperature Cabinet Temperature Pressures kPa Serosal Flowrate Laser Current Liquid Level Concentration Analog In 1 Analog In 2 Firmware Version 90 2 Flow Mode 1 5 lpm lt II 14 0 C 400 C G 1 0 O 56 2 N 0 026 303 ccimin SEMA Full 1 76E 04 pice 0 00 Walts 0 00 olta BAe Figure 4 9 Status Screen Information provided in the Status screen is described below Saturator Temperature Saturator temperature is 39 C when the instrument warm up is complete and the instrument has stabilized The saturator provides saturated butanol vapor that mixes with aerosol particles Condenser Temperature Particle growth occurs in the condenser as butanol vapor from the saturator is cooled and condenses on sampled aerosol particles The condenser temperature is maintained at 14 C Optics Temperature The optics temperature is maintained at 40 C This
7. See User Settings in Chapter 4 Maintenance and Service 8 13 8 14 Figure 8 8 Prying the Saturator Wick Out Figure 8 9 Pulling the Saturator Wick Out Using Pliers with Minimal Force Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter eo A Ba Figure 8 10 Installing a Saturator Wick Bypass Makeup Air Flow Adjustment Refer to the flow schematic in Figure 5 1 High inlet flow is adjustable using the bypass makeup air variable orifice The bypass makeup air is nominally 1 2 L min Together with nominally 0 3 L min aerosol flow 1 5 L min inlet sample flow is produced Aerosol flow is not adjustable because it is controlled by the critical orifice To make adjustments to the bypass makeup air flow you must have a suitable flowmeter as a reference Choose an external flowmeter that has a low pressure drop and measure the actual volumetric flow e g a bubble meter or a TSI flowmeter If you use a mass flowmeter one referenced to standard conditions convert the standard flow to actual volumetric flow with the following equation Actual flow cm s std flow scm isyx x 101 35 where T K Maintenance and Service 8 15 Inlet flow in the high flow mode may be reduced if the bypass filter is loaded The bypass filter is shown in Figure 8 2 Prior to adjusting the bypass makeup air variable orifice replace the bypass filter To adjust the bypass makeup air flow perform the following operations
8. Setup auxiliary comport Params Port gt 1 2 3 Baud gt 2400 4800 9600 14400 19200 28800 38400 57600 115200 Bits gt 5 6 7 8 Parity gt E O N Stop gt 1 1 5 2 Example SCOM 2 9600 7 E 1 Set 2nd serial port to 9600 7 bits Even Parity 1 Stop bit SHOUR Set the Real Time Clock Hours 24 hour mode Params hour gt 0 23 Example SHOUR 13 sets the hour to 13 SMINUTE Set the Real Time Clock Minutes Params min gt 0 59 Example SMINUTE 45 sets minutes to 45 SSECOND Set the Real Time Clock Seconds SYEAR SDAY Params sec gt 0 59 Example SSECOND O sets seconds to zero Set the Real Time Clock Year Params year gt 0 99 Example SYEAR 6 sets the year to 2006 Set the Real Time Clock Day of the Month Params day gt 1 31 Example SDAY 23 sets the day to the 23rd of the month Firmware Commands B 7 SMONTH Set the Real Time Clock current Month Params month gt 1 12 Example SMONTH 2 sets the month to February S3 776FLOW Set the 3776 flow calibration parameters 3776 only Params A gt Floating point number B gt Floating point number where flow rate A sample pressure B Example S3776FLOW 2 58e 2 8 37e1 SFILL Turn on off auto fill Params 0 gt Off 1 gt On Example SFILL 1 turns on auto fill SDRAIN Turn drain on off 3771 only Params 0 gt Off 1 gt On Example SDRAIN 1 turns drain on SCC Turn coincidence correction on off
9. overvoltage degree A 2 P Q packing list 2 1 particle concentration 3 12 particle concentration accuracy A 1 particle concentration range A 1 particle counting 6 1 particle light 3 2 particle size range A 1 photodetector 3 4 6 1 photodiode 5 5 photometric calibration 6 3 photometric mode 6 1 physical features A 3 pollution degree A 2 positioning CPC 2 4 power 2 4 A 2 power switch 4 1 pressure transducer 3 10 pressures kPa 4 13 Index 3 primary functions 4 3 product description 1 1 product overview 1 1 protective cap 2 2 pulse output 3 4 pump 3 9 5 2 5 8 caution 4 16 on off option 4 9 pump exhaust port 3 6 R READ commands 7 7 B 1 reader s comments Reader s Comments Sheet references C 1 remote access of instrument 3 12 replacement parts kits 8 2 replacing critical orifice 8 16 replacing external vacuum pump 8 19 response time 5 8 A 1 rotate select control knob 3 1 4 1 RS 232 cable 2 1 communications 3 4 connector pin designations 7 6 serial communications 7 5 8 24 serial connections 3 4 serial ports 3 4 signal connections 7 6 RV command 7 5 S safe temperature range A 2 safety vii safety label viii sample digital pulse 3 5 saturation ratio 5 1 5 2 5 4 saturator 2 4 operating temperatures A 1 saturator temperature 4 13 saturator wick 4 16 caution 8 12 installation 8 12 removal 8 12 8 13 sealing gasket 3 7 select co
10. performance of the condensation nucleus counter Chapter 6 Particle Counting This chapter describes the particle counting modes Chapter 7 Computer Interface and Commands This chapter describes the computer interface hardware associated firmware commands and flash memory card Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service This chapter describes the recommended practices and schedule for routine cleaning checking and calibration xvii Q Appendix A Specifications This appendix lists the specifications of the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Appendix B Firmware Commands This appendix lists all the serial commands for communications between the CPC and the computer Appendix C References This appendix lists all of the references that have been used within the text of the manual In addition a general list of references pertaining to condensation nucleus counters is included Related Product Literature Q Q Model 3007 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual part number 1930035 TSI Incorporated Model 3010D Condensation Particle Counter Instruction Manual part number 1900064 TSI Incorporated Model 3772 3771 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual part number 1980529 TSI Incorporated Model 3776 Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual part number 1980522 TSI Incorporated Model 3781 Water based Condensation Particle Counter Operat
11. 1031488 Replacement Filter Kit 3775 Kit of all filters used within the Model 3775 CPC Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter TSI Part No Name Description 1031490 Orifice Flow Replacement Control Kit 3775 critical orifices 1031492 Kit Charcoal Five 5 large Filter large CPC charcoal filters used to remove butanol from exhaust ten day effectiveness for each filter 1031493 Kit Charcoal Five 5 small Filter small CPC charcoal filters used to remove butanol from exhaust two day effectiveness for each filter Maintenance and Service TSI Part No Name Description 1031494 Replacement Two 2 Saturator Wick replacement CPC 3775 wicks 1031497 Maintenance Kit Includes CPC 3775 1031484 1031487 1031488 1031490 1031493 and 1031494 1031486 Fill and Drain Fill and drain Bottle bottles Replacement Kit bracket tubing and fittings Draining Butanol from the Butanol Reservoir Butanol must be drained from the reservoir prior to removing the clear plastic butanol reservoir plate on the side panel of the instrument and wick To drain the butanol reservoir 1 Connect butanol drain bottle from the accessories to the drain fitting on the back of the CPC using the mating quick connect fitting 2 Place the drain bottle on the floor 8 4 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter 3 Select the M
12. 3772 and 3771 only Params 0 gt Off 1 gt On Example SCC 1 turns coincidence correction on SAF Set the 3775 aerosol flow rate in cc min 3775 only Params Q gt 200 400 cc min Example SAF 300 changes the aerosol flow rate to 300 cc min MISC MISCELLANEOUS Commands ZB Begin SMPS scan based on the ZT ZV and ZU parameters except 3771 ZE End SMPS scan except 3771 B 8 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter ZT ZU ZV COM2 X2 X3 X7 X8 DEL FORMAT DIR Set the scan time in tenth second increments except 3771 Params delay gt 0 255 0 25 5 seconds up gt 10 6000 1 600 seconds down gt 10 6000 1 600 seconds Example ZT0 600 100 Note This command does not need a comma separating the first parameter from the command Scan using up direction instead of down except 3771 Set the scan voltages except 3771 Params start gt 10 10000 Volts end gt 10 10000 Volts Example ZV10 10000 Note This command does not need a comma separating the first parameter from the command Data after the will be transmitted to serial port 2 Example COM2 RFV RFV will be transmitted to com port 2 Legacy command to turn the pump off Legacy command to turn the pump on Legacy command to set the inlet flow to 0 3 L min 3775 and 3776 only Legacy command to set the inlet flow to 1 5 L min 3775 and 3776 only Legacy command to read accumulativ
13. 50 000 particles cm live time correction becomes less effective and the instrument transitions to a mode where the instrument measures the total light scattered from all droplets present in the laser beam The DC voltage from the photodetector is calibrated against known concentrations to provide concentration measurements as high as 10 particles cm Vacuum Fitting for Pump Optional External Pump Pressure Across Orifice Critical Orifice Variable 0 3 L min peel Heated rifice Optics Exhaust adjusts Light Stop and ae Fiter bypass make up Photodetector air flow Focusing Pressure Charcoal Exhaust Filter Across Nozzle Pump Exhaust 1 5 L min Photodetector Condenser Tube Heated Saturator 39 C Liquid soaked Wick Liquid Filter Reservoir Make up Air Filter Bypass Filter Ambient Pressure Make up Air 3 way Valve t Sample Inlet 1 2 low or controls Bypass Flow 0 3 low or Drain 0 high L min inlet flow O low or 1 5 high L min Bottle 1 2 high L min Figure 5 1 Flow Schematic of the Model 3775 CPC 5 6 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Flow System Refer to Figure 5 1 while reviewing information on instrument flow provided in this section The CPC relies on an on board high vacuum pump to maintain constant critical flows through a critical orifice and a variable orifice The C
14. Aerosol Conference Oxford England Sept 7 11 1992 Rich T A 1955 A Photoelectric Nucleus Counter with Size Discrimination Geofis Pura Appl Vol 31 pp 60 65 Scheibel H G and J Porstendorfer 1983 Generation of Monodisperse Ag and BaCl Aerosols with Particle Diameters Between 2 and 300 nm Journal of Aerosol Science 14 113 126 Schlichting 1955 Boundary Layer Theory 6th ed McGraw Hill New York Sem G J 2002 Design and Performance Characteristics of Three Continuous Flow Condensation Particle Counters a Summary Atmospheric Research Vol 62 pp 267 294 Sem G J J K Agarwal and C E McManus 1980 New Automated Diffusion Battery Condensation Nucleus Counter Submicron Sizing System Description And Comparison with an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer Proc 2nd Symp Advances in Particulate Sampling and Measurement U S Environ Protection Agency Research Triangle Park North Carolina Shi Q H S Han S W Kerrigan and E M Johnson 2005 Characterization of Two New Butanol based Condensation Particle Counters Poster 1PC17 American Association for Aerosol Research annual conference Austin Texas October 2005 Sinclair D and G S Hoopes 1975 A Continuous Flow Nucleus Counter J Aerosol Sci Vol 6 pp 1 7 Stolzenburg M R and P H McMurry 1991 An Aerosol Condensation Nucleus Counter Aerosol Science and Technology Vol 14 pp 48 65 Refe
15. Certificate of Conformance Note Some items above and those for future maintenance are available for purchase as kits from TSI A complete list of replacement part kits is included in the maintenance section in Chapter 8 2 1 Unpacking The Model 3775 CPC comes fully assembled with protective coverings on the inlet sample port exit ports and analog connectors The CPC comes packaged with the accessory kit Use the packing list Table 2 1 to make certain that there are no missing components The CPC box contains special foam cutouts designed to protect the instrument during shipment Save the original packaging materials for future use should you need to return the instrument to TSI for service To avoid contaminating the instrument or the environment the CPC is monitoring do not remove the protective covers until you are ready to install the instrument If anything is missing or appears to be damaged contact your TSI representative or contact TSI Customer Service at 1 800 874 2811 USA or 651 490 2811 Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service gives instructions for returning the CPC to TSI Incorporated Setting Up 2 2 This section contains instructions for setting up the Model 3775 CPC Follow the instructions in the order given Remove Protective Caps Remove all protective caps from the inlet sample port and exit flow ports at the back of the instrument Also remove covers from the BNC connectors
16. Q If the CPC fails or if you are returning it for service visit our website at http rma tsi com or contact TSI at TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 USA Phone 1 800 874 2811 USA or 001 651 490 2811 E mail technical service tsi com Website http service tsi com Returning the CPC for Service Before returning the CPC to TSI for service visit our website at http rma tsi com or call TSI at 1 800 874 2811 USA or 001 651 490 2811 for specific return instructions Customer Service will need the following information when you call QO The instrument model number The instrument serial number A purchase order number unless under warranty Q Q UO A billing address Q A shipping address Use the original packing material to return the instrument to TSI If you no longer have the original packing material seal off the sampling inlet to prevent debris from entering the instrument and ensure that the indicator lights and the connectors on the instrument front and back panels are protected Drain and dry the CPC before shipping See Moving and Shipping the CPC in Chapter 4 for instructions Maintenance and Service 8 25 APPENDIX A Specifications Table A 1 contains the operating specifications for the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC These specifications are subject to change without notice Table A 1 Model 3776 CPC Specifications Particle size ran
17. T absolute temperature d Kelvin diameter The higher the saturation ratio the smaller the Kelvin diameter The saturation vapor pressure P is defined for a flat liquid surface For a round liquid surface such as the surface of a droplet the actual saturation vapor pressure is greater In other words the smaller the droplet the easier it is for the vapor molecules to escape the liquid surface The Kelvin diameter defines the critical equilibrium diameter at which a pure droplet is stable there is neither condensation nor evaporation Smaller liquid particles will evaporate and larger particles grow even larger by condensation The larger particle will grow until the vapor is depleted causing the saturation ratio to fall until it is in equilibrium with the particle droplet If the saturation ratio is controlled to a level below the critical saturation ratio the point at which homogeneous nucleation takes place condensation will not take place in a particle free environment The lower size sensitivity of the counter is determined by the operating saturation ratio For the counter this ratio is several hundred percent whereas in the atmosphere this ratio is only a few percent for water History 5 2 Historically the counter has been called a condensation nucleus counter CNC CNC technology uses three techniques to cool and supersaturate the condensing vapor adiabatic expansion two flow mixing and diffusional ther
18. The water removal feature removes condensed Consumption butanol as well as water increasing butanol consumption The operator may elect not to use water removal in cool dry environments to preserve butanol When water removal is not used butanol is recycled A full bottle of butanol 1 liter lasts about three weeks 35 C 90 RH with the water removal system ON about six weeks room condition when water removal system is OFF Inlet Flow Mode Select this option and turn the knob to select between High and Low aerosol inlet flow modes High inlet flow is used to reduce diffusion particle losses which occur in the sample tubing Low inlet flow is preferred when the CPC is used as part of an SMPS system to measure particles in a wider size range The nominal flow rate is 1 5 L min for high flow mode and 0 3 L min for low flow mode Totalizer Mode This operation mode allows particle counts to be accumulated and displayed as shown in Figure 4 6 Totalizer mode is generally useful for tests at very low particle concentrations such as evaluation of high efficiency filters Depress the control knob to turn on the Totalizer Mode Totalizer Mode Screen is displayed as shown in Figure 4 6 The CPC will count time and particles once the START button is selected Concentration is calculated from the time and count data Flash Card Removed Flow Mode 1 5 lpm TOTAL TIME 0 TOTAL COUNTS 0 CONCENTRATION 0 00E0 Figure 4 6 T
19. concentration is displayed on the front panel in totalizer mode and is calculated by total counts n concentration volumeof aerosolflow in thesensor Qxt where Q Aerosol flow rate displayed on the Status Screen this value was entered at the factory and is very close to its nominal value of 0 3 L min 5 cm sec t total sample time in sec Live Time Counting 6 2 Coincidence occurs when more than one particle occupies the optical sensing region simultaneously The optical detector cannot discriminate between the particles and multiple particles are counted as a single particle At higher particle concentrations particle coincidence begins to significantly impact the measured concentration The CPC corrects for coincidence continuously with the instrument electronics performing a live time correction Live time refers to the time between electrical pulses This is the total measurement time interval minus the time during which the counter is disabled with one or multiple particles in the optical sensing volume the Dead Time The dead time should not be included in the sample time since particles can t be counted during this time interval except the ones that are already in the viewing volume The actual particle concentration therefore equals the number of counted particles divided by the live time and the aerosol flow rate Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter To measure live time a high speed cloc
20. continuously A drain bottle must be connected for water removal to occur For information on operating the water removal pump refer to Chapter 4 User Settings Filters The Model 3775 CPC uses three particulate air filters The Exhaust Filter removes particles in the exhaust air flow The Makeup Air Filter removes particles from the makeup air when the instrument operates in low flow mode The Bypass Air Filter removes particles from the bypass flow when the instrument operates in the high flow mode Two liquid filters are used to filter butanol supplied from the fill bottle and condensed water and butanol before it passes through the water removal pump Valves and Variable Orifice The Model 3775 CPC uses valves and a variable orifice for air flow control and butanol filling and draining A three way solenoid valve controls the inlet flow rate switching between high and low inlet sample flow modes A variable orifice operating under critical pressure controls the 1 2 L min bypass or makeup air flow Solenoid fill and drain valves enable butanol to be added or removed from the liquid reservoir The fill valve is actuated when the Auto Fill is turned ON and the level sensor indicates a low butanol level in the liquid reservoir When the butanol fill bottle is connected butanol flows into the reservoir until the level sensor indicates a full state The drain valve is activated through the front panel Butanol is drained prior
21. draining butanol refer to the section Draining Butanol from the Butanol Reservoir in Chapter 8 During draining the Auto Fill mode and the high vacuum pump operation are automatically turned off When draining is stopped the pump restarts but the Auto Fill must be turned on again by selecting this option from the User Settings menu Whenever the instrument is turned on the Auto Fill is activated Refer to the previous caution note Graph Options Refer to Figure 4 2 depicting the graph while reading this section Figure 4 7 shows the options possible when Graph Options is selected from the User Settings Menu A description of these options is provided below Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Flow Mode 1 5 lpm gt Logarithmic Au Aut gt gt 100 Percent gt OFF Figure 4 7 Graph Options Menu Y Axis Scale Select from Log or Linear concentration display Max Y Axis Value Use this option to pick the upper limit for concentration display on the graph Concentration is presented in particles per cubic centimeters p cc Autoscale automatically scales the graph based on the highest concentration Fixed upper limits are provided by factors of 10 1E 1 0 1 1E 0O 1 1E 1 10 1E 2 100 1E 3 1 000 1E 4 10 000 1E 5 100 000 1E 6 1 000 000 1E 7 10 000 000 Min Y Axis Value Use this option to pick the lower limit for concentration display on your graph Autoscale au
22. early with the STOP option See Chapter 4 Each file has this format LINE 1 TSI CPC DATA VERSION 1 LINE 2 start time of this file the first number is the total number of seconds elapsed from midnight Jan 1 1970 LINE 3 data average interval in seconds Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter LINE 4 Instrument model number firmware version number instrument serial number result of the RV command LINE 5 first data set LINE 6 second data set LINE X last data set The data sets are defined as counts concentration analog input 1 analog input 2 status These data sets are saved every average interval so if the average interval was one minute the counts would be total counts coincidence corrected over the last minute etc Instrument operates in normal condition if the status bit shows zero Anonzero status indicates that some operating parameters deviate from normal conditions See RIE command in Appendix B Every time you begin a new run a unique file will be created with the date and time as the file name Www_Mmm_dd_hh_mm_ss_yyyy Where Www is the weekday Mmm the month in letters dd the day of the month hh_mm_ss the time and yyyy the year Disclaimer Due to the fact that the FAT file systems are by design not power fail safe if power is lost part or all of the file system may be lost Note Keep the amount of data stored in the flash memory card under 64 MB to avoid long overhead
23. hour of data A shorter file is created if the test is stopped using the STOP option Data is lost if an open file is improperly closed by turning the instrument off or removing the flash memory card To read saved data to computer connect the supplied card reader to your computer using the USB cable Insert the flash card in the reader Your computer will recognize the card reader and display a window showing sereral options Select the option Open folder to view files to access the test files on the installed memory card Files are named based on the date and time the test was initiated Files can be moved from the flash memory card to the computer using file management methods The Aerosol Instrument Manager software described below retrieves files from the flash memory card for data display Refer to your Aerosol Instrument Manager software instruction manual for information on importing DAT data files Additional technical information on the flash memory card is found in Chapter 7 Notes Data cannot be saved to the flash memory card and to the computer through Aerosol Instrument Manager software simultaneously Keep the amount of data stored in the flash memory card under 64 MB to avoid long overhead time before generating a new data file each hour in the card Caution Remove the flash memory card following the correct procedures 1 Use Safely Remove Hardware option in Windows to disconnect the card reader from the computer
24. its initial value an aerosol flow error is indicated on the front panel display meaning a possible contaminated or plugged critical orifice see note next page The initial value of nozzle pressure is found on the checkout data sheet supplied with the instrument Current nozzle differential and crifical orifice differential pressure are both displayed on the Status screen shown in Figure 4 9 Chapter 4 Note that the orifice differential pressure can indicate Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter there is sufficient vacuum pressure even when the orifice itself is clogged because the vacuum pump may pull less air flow through the sensor A plugged orifice is best determined by measuring the inlet flow while the instrument is in the low flow operation mode Inlet flow measurement is made using a volumetric flowmeter capable of accurately measuring 0 3 L min flow A bubble meter or a TSI flowmeter is an accurate meter for this purpose Connect the flowmeter to the instrument inlet and operate the instrument in the low flow operation mode Orifice replacement or cleaning is not necessary if your CPC flow rate is measured near the value indicated on the Status screen at about 0 3 L min If a low inlet flow is observed using the flowmeter maintenance of the orifice is recommended Note Low nozzle pressure can indicate other problems too such as plugged nozzle pressure tubing This can occur if butanol collects in the tubing Butanol
25. kPa 1 standard atmosphere to achieve critical flow of 1 5 L min volumetric flow at the inlet If multiple CPCs are connected to the same pump the inlet flow specification must be increased accordingly Install an external vacuum pump by following the instructions below 1 Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover 3 Locate the top of the internal vacuum pump shown in Figure 8 12 Figure 8 12 Top View of Instrument Showing Pump Top and Pump Inlet and Exhaust Fittings and Tubing Maintenance and Service 8 19 4 Disconnect tubing from the barbed fittings shown in Figure 8 12 5 Using a polyethylene tee having 1c tube barbs to connect the tubes as shown in Figure 8 13 6 Connect your external vacuum pump to the Makeup Air port at the back of the CPC using plastic tubing capable of providing high vacuum without collapsing under the vacuum load 7 Replace the cover and tighten the cover screws 8 When operating the instrument turn the internal vacuum pump off uA Figure 8 13 View of Instrument Interior Showing Tee Connection for External Pump False Count Check 8 20 If you find that the CPC is continually counting a lot of particles even with a high efficie
26. removal system into the drain bottle when the system is ON Otherwise the liquid goes back into the saturator and is absorbed into the wick for reuse The sensor s optical detector is comprised of a laser diode collimating lens cylindrical lens collection lenses and photodiode detector The laser and collimating lens form a horizontal ribbon of laser light above the aerosol exit nozzle The collection lenses and detector incorporate a pair of aspheric lenses that collect the light scattered by the droplets at 90 angle side scatter and focus the light onto a low noise photodiode The main beam is blocked by a light stop in the rear of the sensing chamber A reference photodiode is used to maintain constant laser power output The surface temperature of the optics housing is maintained at a higher level than the saturator to avoid condensation on the lens surfaces Technical Description 5 5 The Model 3775 CPC uses two modes of particle counting single particle counting mode and photometric mode At concentrations below 50 000 particles cm individual electrical pulses generated by light scattered from individual droplets are counted employing a continuous live time coincidence correction algorithm to improve counting accuracy Coincidence occurs when the presence of one particle obscures the presence of another particle creating an undercounting error Live Time Counting is discussed in Chapter 6 At concentrations above
27. screen In the Main Data Presentation Screen a Status Multiple Errors is indicated in red on the status bar during warm up rather than yellow When warm up is complete a green Status Normal bar appears Under extremes in ambient temperature it may take considerably longer than ten minutes for the instrument to warm up Main Data Presentation Screen 4 2 The Main Data Presentation Screen is shown in Figure 4 2 This screen appears automatically once the warm up is complete or can be displayed prior to the completion of the warm up by depressing Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter the control knob The top bar on the Main Data Presentation Screen shows instrument status and current time The second line shows the status of the Flash Memory Card Ready Removed or Logging and the inlet sample flow setting high or low flow The Main Data Presentation Screen shows a graph of the number concentration in particles per cubic centimeter p cc versus time and presents real time number concentration at the lower right corner of the display A menu of three primary instrument functions CURSOR MENU and START STOP are presented at the bottom of the screen Flash Card Removed Flow Mode 1 5 lpm 1E5 re E halted fh T a 5 H 1 E4 z I I I I 11 32 12 Time Average 1 sec Figure 4 2 CPC Main Data Presentation Screen During Operation Primary Functions in the Main Data Presentation Screen Primary functions are
28. small amount tword the drain bottle aproximatly once per second as the micro pump actuates If no pulsing occurs first verify that the water removal feature is on see User Settings in Chapter 4 1 Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover 3 The micro pump filter is accessed from the front of the instrument Remove the three screws see arrows at the top of the front panel as shown in Figure 8 5 Carefully tip the panel back be careful not to bend the sampling inlet 4 Find the filter shown in Figure 8 6 5 Remove the micro pump filter by carefully removing the tubing at the ends of the filter barbs Be careful not to pull the tubing off the pump fitting or fitting in the saturator 6 Install a new filter P N 1500192 from the accessory kit This filter has no preferred direction Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Figure 8 5 Front Panel Screw Removal Figure 8 6 Micro Pump Filter Shown Behind the Opened Front Panel Maintenance and Service Removing and Installing the Saturator Wick Saturator wick needs to be removed prior to shipping the instrument It is no longer necessary to wait overnight to let the saturator wick dry out as for the predecessor M
29. temperature to stabilize Maintenance and Service 8 21 Problem Description Problems Suggestions Status Inlet flow out of range The pump is turned off Turn the pump on Status Check Flow Status bar turns yellow The aerosol capillary flow is getting close to being out of range This uses tighter criteria than the Aerosol flow out of range condition described in the next row which is why it is a warning and not an error Immediately remove any blockages at the instrument inlet From the Status Screen Error Reference source not found check the Pressures kPa If the N or O pressure is out of range the value will be displayed as yel low in the Status Screen Refer to the earlier section Maintenance of the Critical Orifice and confirm that you have appropriate inlet flow using a flowmeter If the aerosol flow with inlet flow in low flow mode 0 3 L min is incorrect check to make sure the pump is operating listen for pump noise Remove the instrument cover following warnings and cautions presented at the beginning of this chapter Check for loose or disconnected tubing from the pump Check for disconnected pressure tubes to the pressure transducers Check for signs of liquid in the pressure lines This will defeat the pressure readings and may indicate a flooded instrument see below Status Aerosol flow out of range Orifice pressure or N
30. the current data file is saved with less than one hour of data If the data collection is not properly stopped such as instrument is turned off or the card is removed data from the current hour s file will be lost The primary selectable functions are summarized below CURSOR Displays a vertical cursor on the graph Figure 4 3 Turning the knob moves the cursor within the graph boundary and presents the time data was taken and number concentration at the bottom of the display MENU Displays menus for User Settings and Instrument Status See Figure 4 4 STOP Stops the real time graphical update of the particle number concentration and properly closes the data file in the Flash Memory Card START START is displayed once STOP is pressed Press START to initiate update of the graphical display and to save to the Flash Memory Card Flash Card Removed Flow Mode 1 5 lpm 1 5 asl H i Ss 1E4 4 i 1 1 1 11 32 12 Time Average 1 sec Time 11 32 30 Conc 1 88E 04 Figure 4 3 Display Showing Cursor Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Flash Card Removed Flow Mode 1 5 lpm 1E5 User Settings Conc 1 76E4 pict Figure 4 4 Display After the MENU Function is Selected Display Header Two bars are present at the top of the display screen to provide information on instrument operation Status Bar Color The status bar background changes from red to green as the instrument reach
31. the inlet It may take up to 60 hours to completely dry the instrument so the particle concentration reads zero TSI recommends that you keep the original packaging carton and foam inserts of the CPC for use whenever the CPC is shipped including when it is returned to TSI for service Always seal off the sampling inlet to prevent debris from entering the instrument and drain and dry the CPC before shipping Caution While the pump is on do not tip the CPC more than 10 to any direction with the water removal system ON Do not tip the CPC more than 10 to the front to avoid overfilling the butanol reservoir or 20 to other directions with the water removal system OFF It is recommended to turn off the CPC and disconnect the butanol fill bottle before the CPC is being moved or tilted for longer than a few seconds to prevent flooding of the sensor 4 16 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CHAPTER 5 Technical Description The Model 3775 CPC is a continuous flow condensation particle counter that detects particles as small as 4 nanometers 50 detection efficiency in diameter This section describes the function of the CPC its subsystems and its components A discussion of operation theory and history is given first Theory The CPC acts very much like an optical particle counter However the particles are first enlarged by a condensing vapor to form easily detectable droplets The science behind the counter is f
32. to shipment or removal of the Instrument Description 3 9 3 10 saturator wick See User Settings in Chapter 4 and Maintenance in Chapter 8 Pressure Transducers The Model 3775 CPC uses three pressure transducers for monitoring instrument flows The differential pressure across the Critical Orifice is measured to verify that a critical pressure is maintained across the orifice Differential pressure across the nozzle is measured and verifies the nozzle in the optics block is free from obstruction The ambient pressure is also measured These pressure transducers are mounted to the main PC board Pressure information is provided on the Status screen Electronics Boards Five electronics boards identified in Figure 3 6 are used in the Model 3775 The boards include Main PC board laser board detector board communication connector board and flash memory board Figure 3 6 Electronics Boards Inside the Model 3775 CPC 1 Main PC board 4 Communication connector board 2 Detector board 5 Flash memory board 3 Laser board Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Basic Instrument Functions This section describes basic instrument functions Concentration Measurement Particle concentration is presented as particles per cubic centimeter p cc and displayed on the front panel LCD both in numeric form and in graphic form Particle concentration is determined from the count rate particles counted per tenth
33. 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Currently six CPCs Models 3772 3775 3776 3782 3785 and 3786 are also commonly used with submicron size distribution measurement systems such as the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS Spectrometers TSI Model 3936 Design of the CPC The basic instrument consists of three major subsystems the sensor the microprocessor based signal processing electronics and the flow system The sensor and the flow system are described below Sensor The sensor is made up of saturator condenser and optical detector shown schematically in Figure 5 1 The sensor grows the sampled aerosol particles into larger droplets and detects them optically The aerosol enters the saturator section and passes through a heated liquid soaked cylindrical wick To remain wetted the wick dips into the liquid reservoir and continually absorbs liquid The liquid butanol evaporates and saturates the aerosol stream with butanol vapor Butanol is replenished from a reservoir and a fill bottle The vapor saturated aerosol then passes into a vertical condenser tube which is cooled by a thermoelectric device The cooled vapor becomes supersaturated and begins to condense on to the particles condensation nuclei to form larger droplets The droplets pass from the condenser tube through a nozzle into the optical detector Liquid that condenses on the walls of the condenser tube runs back down and is removed by the water
34. 5 Watch the reservoir to confirm that it fills then stops If filling does not occur the fill filter may need to be replaced Refer to Changing the Filters presented earlier Flooding can contaminate the lens surfaces in the optics block reducing signal strength and instrument sensitivity Lens cleaning is performed at the factory if flooding occurs A noticeable change in instrument performance characteristics e g lowered detected concentration can indicate the need to return the instrument to TSI for maintenance Calibrating and Entering New Orifice Flow Data A stable volumetric flow through the sensor is maintained using a saphire orifice operating at a cirtical pressure drop The orifice fitting is threaded into the optics block as shown in Figure 8 11 Stable critical flow through the orifice is achieved using a high vacuum diaphram pump For more information on critical pressure and flow refer to Chapter 5 The nominal aerosol flow is 0 3 L min The critical orifice for aerosol flow is calibrated at the factory and the actual flow is Maintenance and Service 8 23 entered into the instrument memory through the serial port The calibrated flow value is displayed on the instrument Status screen Figure 4 9 and is used for calculation of particle concentration When the orifice becomes contaminated or is replaced a new orifice calibration can be performed and a new flow calibration data can be en
35. 771 CPCs and the 3782 WCPC work only in the single count mode at relatively high aerosol flow rates of 1 0 and 0 6 L min respectively Technical Description 5 3 5 4 The 3772 3771 CPC uses n butyl alcohol as the working fluid and an external vacuum pump or source to drive the 1 L min aerosol flow rate The 3782 WCPC uses water as the working fluid and uses an internal vacuum pump to drive the 0 6 L min aerosol flow Both 3772 3771 and 3782 can detect 10 nm particles at 50 detection efficiency The 3782 can also be set to have a D of 20 nm For high concentration measurements a classical photometric light scattering technique is used The first commercial version of this type of CNC TSI Model 3020 used n butyl alcohol as the condensing fluid and has a flow rate of 0 3 L min TSI s Model 3020 CNC was replaced in 1988 by the Model 3022A which was replaced again in 2005 by the Model 3775 CPC Both the Model 3775 CPC and the 3785 WCPC use the photometric mode of operation to monitor high particle concentrations up to 107 particles cm These CPCs are general purpose instruments suitable for a wide variety of applications The Model 3025 Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCPC was developed in 1989 and was replaced by the Model 3776 UCPC in 2005 The 3776 has a lower size detection limit and a higher aerosol flow rate compared to the 3025A Both the 3776 UCPC and 3786 UWCPC utilize sheath air flow design to lower the size detectio
36. CPC reading to reach 95 of a concentration step change is about 4 sec in high flow mode and about 5 sec in low flow mode for the 3775 CPC Figure 5 3 shows the response time curves in both flow modes The curves are based on averaging of three CPCs 110 100 90 80 F 70 60 F 50 F 40 F 30 F 20 10 0 Lil Li 1 10 100 Particle Diameter nm Figure 5 2 Counting Efficiency Curve of 3775 CPC Technical Description 5 9 5 10 Normalized Concentration 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 High Flow 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time sec Figure 5 3 Response Time of 3775 CPC Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Low Flow 6 CHAPTER 6 Particle Counting This chapter discusses specific aspects of particle counting and particle count measurements performed using the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC The Model 3775 CPC has two modes for particle counting Q Concentration mode where data is presented as particle concentration in p cc updated each second on the display the maximum time resolution is tenth of a second Q Totalizer mode where total particle counts are accumulated and presented each second Concentration mode is commonly used for most applications Totalizer mode is used at very low particle concentrations Particles can be accumulated until a desired statistical accuracy is achieved Refer to the section below discussing total coun
37. Figure 3 3 for the 3775 CPC To provide accurate pulse counts use a counter that is capable of counting pulses with a width of 50 nanoseconds or less Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Particle concentrations calculated based on the particle counts from the counting electronics hardware are not corrected for particle coincidence Thus the concentration obtained this way might be lower than the displayed concentration when particle concentration is high Appropriate coincidence correction needs to be applied when pulse output is used for high concentration measurements The Pulse Output is a way to get raw particle count information This information is also available through serial command Using the SSTART 2 command described in Appendix B you can read raw uncorrected particle counts TSI recommends using the SSTART 2 command for raw counts as then all the information is shipped which is used to calculate the corrected concentration and there are no issues with the counters ability to accurately count the pulses Figure 3 3 Sample Digital Pulse from Pulse Output Port at the Back Panel of the CPC Ethernet Communication Port Instrument status including particle concentration of the Model 3775 CPC can be monitored remotely from a local area network or over the internet using the Ethernet communication port Ethernet communications are described further in Chapter 7 Computer Interfaces and Commands Instrument Desc
38. For the 3775 the maximum concentration displayed is 10 particles cm At concentrations above 10 particles cm particle concentration data and the top status bar on the front panel are in red If this occurs aerosol needs to be diluted before entering the CPC Particle Counting 6 3 CHAPTER 7 Computer Interface and Commands This chapter provides computer interface and communications information for the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC Information on the Flash Memory Card is also provided Computer Interface This section includes descriptions on USB Ethernet connections RS 232 and the Flash Memory Card USB USB communications are provided with the CPC for use with the supplied Aerosol Instrument Manager software Simply connect the supplied USB cable to the instrument and computer having Windows based operating system and the Aerosol Instrument Manager software Refer to the Aerosol Instrument Manager manual for specific system requirements including operating system version Ethernet The Ethernet port on the CPC can provide system status information over the internet and is updated every five seconds Your web browser must support java plug ins Network Setup 1 Connect the CPC to the network using an Ethernet cable and turn the instrument on 2 On the computer that is connected to the same network using another Ethernet cable run the device discovery program Discovery exe f
39. OFF Drain Graph Options Exit Figure 4 5 User Settings Display Exit top and bottom This option exits the User Settings menu and returns the display to the previous screen Data Average Period Data is collected at a frequency of 10 times per second and is averaged over selected Data Average Period for display on the graph and for saving to the flash memory card To set the Data Average Period from the instrument highlight the Data Average Period option using the control knob and depress the knob Rotate the knob to select from the following periods 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 or 60 seconds The particle concentration graph is updated once per Data Average Period The graph x axis scale is determined by the selected average period as described in the table below This option is deactivated while data is logging into the flash memory card Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Graph Display The selection of Data Average Period determines the total time interval shown on the graph with 60 data bins providing 60 data samples Each data sample is averaged over the selected period When the average period is one second one minute 60 seconds of data is displayed i e one second of data per bin If the average period is 60 seconds one hour 3600 seconds of data is displayed i e one minute of data per bin After START is selected data fills bins from left to right When all 60 bins are full bins scroll to t
40. PC has two inlet flow options high flow mode nominally 1 5 L min 1500 cm min and low flow mode nominally 0 3 L min 300 cm min The flow rate through the sensor is always 0 3 L min independent of the inlet flow rate setting More information on instrument flows is provided below Critical Flow To achieve the 0 3 L min nominal aerosol flow through the sensor an orifice is used operated at the critical pressure ratio to provide a critical flow Critical flow is very stable and is a constant volumetric flow assuring accurate concentration measurements despite varied inlet pressure The critical pressure ratio is found by dividing the absolute pressure downstream of the orifice P by the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice P This ratio must be below 0 528 for air Critical pressure Po lt 0 528 a Values for pressures impacting CPC flow are found on the Status screen shown in Figure 4 9 These pressures are identified as A O and N Pressure A is the inlet pressure typically the ambient barometric pressure Pressure O is the differential pressure across the aerosol flow orifice Pressure N is the differential pressure across the nozzle Figure 5 1 identifies the location of the pressure transducer sample ports To verify that critical pressure therefore critical flow is achieved under extremes in inlet resistance determine the orifice upstream pressure from A N The downstream pressure is the upstream pressu
41. Particle Instruments Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual P N 1980527 Revision D April 2007 BJ TSI Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual Product Overview Unpacking and Setting Up the CPC Instrument Description Instrument Operation Technical Description Particle Counting Computer Interface and Commands Maintenance and Service Appendixes Manual History The following is a history of the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual Part Number 1980527 Revision Date A November 2005 B January 2006 C April 2006 D April 2007 Part Number Copyright Address Fax No E mail Address Limitation of Warranty and Liability effective July 2000 Service Policy vi Warranty 1980527 Revision D April 2007 OTSI Incorporated 2005 2007 All rights reserved TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 USA 651 490 3824 particle tsi com Seller warrants the goods sold hereunder under normal use and service as described in the operator s manual shall be free from defects in workmanship and material for 12 months or the length of time specified in the operator s manual from the date of shipment to the customer This warranty period is inclusive of any statutory warranty This limited warranty is subject to the following exclusions a Hot wire or hot film se
42. QUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SELLER SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTALLATION DISMANTLING OR REINSTALLATION COSTS OR CHARGES No Action regardless of form may be brought against Seller more than 12 months after a cause of action has accrued The goods returned under warranty to Seller s factory shall be at Buyer s risk of loss and will be returned if at all at Seller s risk of loss Buyer and all users are deemed to have accepted this LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY which contains the complete and exclusive limited warranty of Seller This LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY may not be amended modified or its terms waived except by writing signed by an Officer of Seller Knowing that inoperative or defective instruments are as detrimental to TSI as they are to our customers our service policy is designed to give prompt attention to any problems If any malfunction is discovered please contact your nearest sales office or representative or call TSI s Customer Service department at 1 800 874 2811 USA or 651 490 2811 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Safety This section provides instructions to ensure safe and proper operation and handling of the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC There are no user serviceable parts inside the instrument Refer all repair and maintenance to a qualified technician All maintenance and repair information in this manual is included for use by a qualified technician
43. Whenever performing service on internal components avoid damage to the UCPC circuitry by not stressing internal wiring through bumping snagging or pulling Also use electrostatic discharge ESD precautions Q Use only a table top with a grounded conducting surface Wear a grounded static discharging wrist strap Procedures described below require removal of the instrument cover with the instrument powered Keep hands away from electronic components to avoid possible electrical shock hazard Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover 3 With the cover removed locate the small bypass makeup variable orifice item number 10 in Figure 3 5 This orifice has a screw adjustment for a flat blade screwdriver 4 Remove the bulk of the red material used to prevent the screw on the variable orifice from turning due to vibration 5 Because the instrument is powered pay special attention to the caution and warning above 6 Using a flat blade screwdriver adjust the orifice screw while monitoring the flow using your flowmeter 7 Adjust the flow to the desired value Maintenance of the Critical Orifice 8 16 If the differential pressure across the Nozzle decreases significantly from
44. a eSis 8 20 Tables 2 1 Model 3775 CPC Packing List cece cece eee eee eeeeeee 2 1 7 1 Signal Connections for RS 232 Configurations 7 6 8 1 3775 CPC Maintenance and Replacement Kits 8 2 8 2 Filter Replacement Schedule cece cee ee ee eeeeeeees 8 6 8 3 Troubleshooting ss pete Tete cons a N ngs Neste aa ects ene davagebemeete 8 21 A 1 Model 3775 CPC Specifications ccceeecececceeeeeeassneeeeeeees A 1 Contents XV About This Manual Purpose This is an operation and service manual for the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC Organization The following is a guide to the organization of this manual Q Chapter 1 Product Overview This chapter gives an introduction to the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter a list of features and a brief description of how the instrument works Chapter 2 Unpacking and Setting Up the CPC This chapter gives a packing list and the step by step procedure for getting the CPC ready to operate Chapter 3 Instrument Description This chapter describes features and controls that run the CPC including the components on the front panel back panel side panel and inside the instrument It also covers the basic functions of the instrument Chapter 4 Instrument Operation This chapter describes the operation of the instrument Chapter 5 Technical Description This chapter details the principle of operation theory and
45. accessed directly through the use of the control knob by highlighting a function and pressing the knob inward to select A highlighted function will have a blue box surrounding the text The display in Figure 4 2 has the STOP function highlighted for example Number concentration data is presented graphically in real time once the START button is selected When START is selected the function label changes to STOP as shown in Figure 4 2 Depressing the knob again stops the graph from updating and START reappears The display is updated once per data average period Figure 4 2 shows a concentration of approximately 2 x 10 p cc The graph was updated each second over an interval of 24 seconds Note For the 3775 the maximum concentration displayed is 10 particles cm At concentrations above 10 particles cm particle concentration data and the top status bar on the front Instrument Operation 4 3 4 4 panel are in red If this occurs aerosol needs to be diluted before entering the CPC If a Flash Memory Card is inserted in the slot on the front panel of the instrument data is saved to the card when START is selected In this case the Flash Card status on the front panel display shows Logging Left unattended a new data file is created each hour with the number of data points determined by the data average period Data Average Period is described later in this chapter If the data collection is stopped using the STOP option
46. anaea gee O Pa aar E iE dee coe gs 4 9 AUIto Pill D a tet B k e sess saeco Seed sate ties T stew N A E 4 9 AMALOS OUE remna EE A a a eevee 4 9 Drait oseane aaea a aea aa a wasn a e O EES 4 10 Graph OpllonSers eienen a a a a a an 4 10 Status erae aaa a es Lhe ee ee SS 4 12 Saturator Temperature noirir E EA a 4 13 Condenser Temperature ccccccccecc reiii ai esi aa 4 13 Optics Tem perature aenea ia teense 4 13 Pressures kPa ec tohepecaceaetieg ced RN NA T E 4 13 Aerosol Flow Rate cccccccecceeecneecececeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeeseneeseeenes 4 14 Laser Current asepen GA is tease oe bebe W ded gh Wee ede eI bal a 4 14 xii Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter ligua Level veesii derdia eana vis bans A E T 4 14 CONCENUFATION yesos as RE E EE ES 4 14 Analog Mputa N R O E ERN 4 14 Using the Flash Memory Card sssesssssssesserrerresseserrereseese 4 15 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software sssssssssesreeseeee 4 16 Moving and Shipping the CPC ssssssssssesseeserrersessessresererese 4 16 CHAPTER 5 Technical Description ccsecccsccscsceceees 5 1 THE OLY oie sis eens he teevan vate a ETE vate vewevechevedsctertees craw varw eden vatheden ects es 5 1 HISO fad seliihiseesionsen eigen ANE E ets 5 2 Adiabatic Expansion CNC cee ceee eee eens eeeee esse eeene ees 5 2 Two Flow Mixing CNC eee a E ta kaS rar nese reer eine na eio 5 3 Diffusional Thermal CNC jaser eicssia neiise i 5 3 Design of the CPC s
47. ands B 1 B 10 high and low flow modes 3 11 high flow 5 7 5 8 high vacuum pump 3 9 history 5 2 hot humid environments 4 7 how the instrument works 1 2 HyperTerminal 7 7 8 24 l J inlet flow mode 4 8 8 24 inlet flow select 4 8 8 24 inlet pressure A 2 inlet pressure measurement 3 13 inputs 3 4 A 2 A 3 installing external vacuum pump 8 19 instrument cooling fan 3 6 instrument description 3 1 instrument operation 4 1 internal components 3 7 internal data logging 3 12 internal vacuum pump 1 3 3 6 5 4 8 6 8 19 8 20 K Kelvin diameter 5 1 5 2 Index 2 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter L laser board 3 10 laser current 4 14 laser power 3 12 4 5 4 14 5 5 display A 2 status 8 23 laser safety vii LCD display 3 1 4 1 left side panel 3 7 liquid drain port 2 3 liquid filter 3 9 liquid level 4 14 live time counting 6 2 low flow 5 7 5 8 main data presentation screen 4 2 4 3 options 4 4 user settings 4 5 main PC board 3 10 main screen HTML page 7 4 maintenance 8 1 false count check 8 20 kits 8 2 maintenance and replacement kits 8 2 makeup air 5 8 makeup air filter 8 8 replacing 8 8 makeup air port 3 6 makeup flow 5 7 manual drain 4 10 manual history v max y axis value 4 11 menu 4 4 micro pump filter replacement 8 10 microprocessor 5 5 min y axis value 4 11 MISC MISCELLANEOUS commands 7 7 B 1 B 8 Model 3007 Condensatio
48. anual Drain option from the User Settings menu and depress the control knob see Chapter 4 User Settings 4 Select Continue from the options in the window that appear The butanol drain valve will open Often there is not a significant column of liquid in the butanol drain line to initial flow from the butanol reservoir Tipping the instrument toward the drain port and squeezing the butanol drain bottle will sometimes help start flow 5 Confirm that butanol has drained by checking the butanol level through the clear reservoir cover plate During draining Auto Fill and the vacuum pump are automatically turned off Note When draining is stopped the pump restarts but the Auto Fill must be turned on again by selecting this option from the User Settings menu or by restarting the instrument Caution Whenever the instrument is turned on the Auto Fill is activated Do not run the instrument with the butanol reservoir cover plate removed to prevent spilling butanol from the butanol reservoir Changing the Filters The Model 3775 CPC use three particulate filters and two liquid filters The particulate filters are for the exhaust flow bypass air flow and makeup air flow The liquid filters are for butanol fill and water removal system The filter in the water removal system is called Micro pump filter These filters may be replaced at regular intervals depending on use Filter Replacement Schedule Below are estimates t
49. apidly cool and supersaturate the vapor Kousaka et al 1982 The condensation and droplet growth are fairly rapid and uniform The flows can be passed continuously that is non pulsating through the mixing chamber onto a single particle counting optical detector Diffusional Thermal CNC A continuous flow diffusional alcohol based thermal cooling CNC Bricard et al 1976 Sinclair and Hoopes 1975 Agarwal and Sem 1980 first saturates the air sample with alcohol vapor as the sample passes over a heated pool of liquid alcohol The vapor saturated air stream flows into a cold condenser tube where the air is cooled by thermal diffusion The alcohol condenses onto the particles and the droplets grow to about 10 to 12 micrometers The droplets are counted by a single particle counting optical detector Continuous flow diffusional water based CPCs TSI Model 3781 3782 3785 and 3786 WCPCs were developed between 2003 and 2006 Using a patented technique Technology from Aerosol Dynamic Inc U S Patent No 6 712 881 an aerosol sample is drawn continuously through a cooled saturator and then into a heated condenser where water vapor diffuses to the centerline of the condenser faster than heat is transferred from the warm walls producing supersaturated conditions for water vapor condensing onto the particles The Model 3760 3762 and 3010 were introduced in early 90s and was replaced by Model 3772 3771 in 2005 Both the 3772 3
50. arcoal filter 3 6 chemical safety vii cleanroom 5 4 clear reservoir cover plate 3 7 CNC technology 5 2 coincidence 5 6 coincidence correction 1 1 5 6 6 1 A 1 commands 7 1 see also firmware commands communication connector board 3 10 communications A 2 computer interface 7 1 concentration 4 14 concentration measurement 3 11 concentration mode 6 1 condensation nucleus counter 5 2 3020 5 4 condensation particle counter manuals xviii Model 3007 5 4 Model 3010 5 3 Model 3022A 5 4 8 12 Model 3025 5 4 Model 3025A 5 4 Model 3760 5 3 Model 3762 5 3 Model 3771 5 3 Model 3772 5 3 Model 3775 5 4 Model 3776 5 4 Model 3781 5 4 Model 3782 5 4 Model 3785 5 4 Model 3786 5 4 related product literature xviii condenser 5 3 5 4 5 5 operating temperatures A 1 condenser temperature 4 13 condensing liquid A 2 configure network settings 7 2 7 3 connecting external vacuum pump 8 20 connector pin designations 7 6 control knob 3 1 4 1 4 2 cooling fan 2 4 counting efficiency 5 8 cover 3 6 CPC 5 6 Index 1 critical flow 5 7 critical orifice replacing 8 16 cursor 4 4 cylindrical wick 3 7 D dat extension 4 15 data average period 4 6 4 7 data logging A 2 dead time 6 2 description 3 1 design of CPC 5 5 detector board 3 10 diagnostics 4 12 diaphragm pump 5 8 Diffusion Battery see References C 3 diffusional thermal CNC 5 3 Digi connect ME configuration and
51. bracket 9 9 kg 22 Ib 2 F 6 3A FB 250V internal not replaceable by operator Specifications A 3 APPENDIX B Firmware Commands The firmware commands are divided into the following categories Q READ Commands SET Commands Q Q MISC MISCELLANEOUS Commands QO HELP Commands READ commands are used to read parameter from the instrument flow rates temperatures etc READ commands can be identified by a leading R SET commands set an internal parameter to the value s supplied with the command Supplied parameters are always delimited by a comma SET commands can be identified by a leading S The instrument will reply to all set commands with the string OK lt CR gt Also if no parameter is supplied the command will return the current set value MISC MISCELLANEOUS command will be used for calibration and SMPS mostly HELP commands Type HELP in a HyperTerminal window or a similar program and it will explain how to use it All the command descriptions that follow can be obtained using the help command The instrument will reply with a serial string of ERROR if a command was not understood READ Commands RFV Read the firmware version number Returns A string in the format of X X X where X are numbers from 0 9 Example 2 3 1 B 1 RSF RTS RTC RTO RTA RCT Read the aerosol flow rate in cc min Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 9999 9 Example 300 0
52. butanol drained from the CPC prior to transport and holds condensed water and butanol removed from the condenser when the water removal system is turned on see note below Draining butanol is described in Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service Unpacking and Setting Up the CPC 2 3 Note The water removal system will not work without a drain bottle connected to the drain port Refer to Chapter 4 for more details on water removal system Butanol is flammable Butanol is also potentially toxic if inhaled Use butanol only in a well ventilated area If you smell butanol and develop a headache or feel faint or nauseous leave the area at once Ventilate the area before returning Apply Power to the CPC Plug the power cord into the receptacle on the back panel of the CPC and then plug it into the AC power source The instrument uses a universal power supply that accepts a variety of input voltages identified below Power 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 335 W maximum Note Make certain the power cord is plugged into a grounded power outlet Position the CPC so the power connector is easily accessible Apply power to the CPC by turning on the switch next to the power cord on the back panel The instrument begins a warm up sequence After warm up the fluid begins to fill the internal butanol reservoir in the saturator Positioning the CPC Place the CPC on a level surface Ensure the cooling fan on the back panel of the CPC is exp
53. capable of operating at inlet pressures in the range of 75 to 105 kPa The inlet pressure is measured by an absolute pressure sensor and is essentially the barometric pressure if no inlet restriction is present The Inlet Pressure reading is found on Status screen of the front panel display Refer to Chapter 4 for more details Instrument Description 3 13 CHAPTER 4 Instrument Operation This chapter describes the basic operation of the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC and provides information on the use of controls indicators and connectors found on the front and back panels Operating Precautions Read the following before applying power to the 3775 CPC Q Review the operating specifications for the CPC in Appendix A Q Do not operate the CPC outside the range of 10 to 35 C If the CPC is operated outside this range the displayed concentration may be inaccurate O Ifthe CPC reservoir contains butanol be very careful when moving the CPC Refer to Moving and Shipping the CPC for more details Although the CPC is appropriate for monitoring inert process gases such as nitrogen or argon it should not be used with hazardous gases such as hydrogen or oxygen Using the CPC with hazardous gases may cause injury to personnel and damage to equipment Power Switch The power switch is found on the back panel of the CPC The switch is combined with the power cord receptacle Control Knob and LCD D
54. chnician tools and the CPC close to the telephone when discussing the problem with a TSI technician Refer to this chapter for directions on contacting a technical resource at TSI Procedures described below may require removal of the instrument cover The instrument must be unplugged prior to service to prevent possible electrical shock hazard Unplug the instrument prior to removing the cover to avoid potential of exposure to laser radiation Caution Whenever performing service on internal components avoid damage to the CPC circuitry by not stressing internal wiring through bumping snagging or pulling Also use electrostatic discharge ESD precautions QO Use only a table top with a grounded conducting surface Q Wear a grounded static discharging wrist strap 8 1 Replacement Parts Kits In addition to replacement parts found in your supplied accessory kit additional replacement items are available from TSI to keep your CPC operating for many years Parts are available in kits listed below Please contact your TSI representative for details and 8 2 purchase of these items Table 8 1 3775 CPC Maintenance and Replacement Kits TSI Part No Name Description 1031484 Reservoir Cover Replacement Kit Replacement clear window for the butanol reservoir 1031487 Insulation Plug supplies Insulation plugs for insulating the RTD thermocouples used for temperature control
55. ction and identified in Figure 3 5 and Figure 3 6 Instrument Description 3 7 3 8 1 Sensor assembly 8 Cooling fan 2 High vacuum pump 9 Condenser heat exchanger 3 Water removal pump 10 Bypass Makeup air variable 4 Bypass filter orifice 5 Exhaust filter 11 Critical orifice 6 Makeup air filter 12 Pressure transducers 7 Butanol fill filter 13 Power supply Figure 3 5 Internal Components of the Model 3775 CPC Sensor Assembly The sensor assembly consists of the heated saturator liquid wick cooled condenser and optics In this assembly sample particles serve as condensation nuclei and are grown in a supersaturated atmosphere of butanol The large droplets are easily detected using a conventional focused laser and solid state detector Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Pumps The Model 3775 CPC uses a High Vacuum Pump for inlet sample flow aerosol and bypass and makeup flow A micro flow Water Removal Pump removes condensate from the condenser The High Vacuum Pump draws the inlet sample flow through the CPC This flow is a stable volumetric flow maintained using a critical orifice and a bypass makeup air variable orifice Both orifices are operated at a critical pressure The Water Removal Pump draws condensed butanol and water from the condensate collection reservoir Water removal prevents contamination of the butanol during operation in a high humidity environment When activated the pump runs
56. e arenorna as aE eT E 5 5 E E EE TE N II A A E E E OY EEEE ET 5 5 Flow SV SUCI sesi e araa en AATA EEE A a E AENEAN 5 7 Critical POWs sientan nea o E E AN A TEA ees S 5 7 Counting Efficiency and Response Time of the CPC 5 8 CHAPTER 6 Particle Counting ccccccccscscscecscescceseeeses 6 1 Optical Detection sis scisese s2 actos yceweete addins E OR 6 1 Total Count ACCULACY sa epa ene chdasaes cos4s ta sweloded whee vee 6 2 Live lime Counte sien cscs iira rA oleh eevee cP ca Caine eaa vest 6 2 Photometric Calibration scerna iroa ain a o e essen eene eee ees 6 3 CHAPTER 7 Computer Interface and Command 7 1 Computer Interface is secret nnsa eae E RNE 7 1 USB ses aoe raa sated teas abs got Goved de eee aei de adaateuadeet os SEET yes 7 1 PCN EIM EL eroro anea E E EEEN 7 1 Flash Memory Card Specification seeeeeeeeeereerreerrrerrresree 7 4 RS 232 Serial Communications sssessssesseesresresserrerresee 7 5 Eo poua o ten ato CEEE AEE ETS 7 6 CHAPTER 8 Maintenance and Service csccccscessseseseces 8 1 Replacement Parts Kits onser en reee e r aS 8 2 Draining Butanol from the Butanol Reservoir 05 8 4 Changing the Filterset a ea a E A E feb dai sue viei elses 8 5 Filter Replacement Schedule ssssseeeeeseesessresrereeseeresrresee 8 5 EXhauSt Filter eco sccicteciss iogces estes tee E g DO ERNS 8 6 Bypass Filtera hitne er erines vey vids ds Ee ean AAE NESON
57. e time sec and accumulative counts since the last time this command was sent Delete Flash File path filename except 3771 Format the flash drive This will also erase all the data stored on the drive except 3771 Read the flash card directory except 3771 Firmware Commands B 9 CD Change the active flash card directory except 3771 CAL3775 Set the 3775 Photometric calibration table 3775 only Format CAL3775 x y Where x gt photometric voltage 100 in volts y gt concentration in p cc Example CAL3775 101 2 03e5 a photometric voltage of 1 01 V will result in a concentration of 2 03e5 p cc HELP Commands Help Read Help Set Help Misc Help x where x Command Name B 10 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter APPENDIX C References The following sources have been used in the text of this manual Agarwal J K and G J Sem 1980 Continuous Flow Single Particle Counting Condensation Nuclei Counter Journal of Aerosol Science Vol 11 No 4 pp 343 357 1980 TSI paper A23 Agarwal J K G J Sem and M Pourprix 1981 A Confinuous Flow CNC Capable of Counting Single Particles Atmospheric Aerosols and Nuclei ed A F Roddy and T C O Connor Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Atmospheric Aerosols Condensation and Ice Nuclei Galway Ireland September 21 27 1977 Galway University Press 118 122 TSI paper A2 Aitken J 1888 On the Number of Dust Part
58. e tubing from both ends of the filter Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter 5 Replace the filter with the one in the accessory kit P N 1602088 This filter has no preferred direction Butanol Fill Filter The butanol fill filter is found in the fill line leading from the butanol bottle Figure 8 4 Figure 8 4 Replacing the Butanol Fill Filter 1 Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover 3 Remove the tubing from the barbed fittings at the ends of the filter 4 Replace the filter with the appropriate filter found in the accessory kit P N 1602088 This filter has no preferred direction Maintenance and Service 8 9 8 10 Micro Pump Filter The Micro pump is used to remove condensed water vapor before it contaminates butanol in the saturator The micro pump filter protects the pump from contamination which could impede its performance The micro pump filter should generally be replaced only if it becomes blocked as it requires front panel removal A blocked micro pump filter prevents condensate from being extracted When using the water removal feature it is advisable to check the drain tubing to the drain bottle to verify liquid movement The liquid column will pulse a
59. ead warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover 3 Before replacing the filter note the direction arrow on the filter that points to the back of the instrument Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter 4 Remove the tubing from the barbed fitting at the back of the filter 5 Unscrew the filter and separate it from the threaded bulkhead panel fitting Discard the old filter after removing fittings at both ends 6 Find in the accessory kit the new exhaust filter P N 1602094 with the stainless steel fitting and the elbow plastic fitting 7 Reinstall the new exhaust filter by screwing the filter housing onto the bulkhead fitting and connect the barbed fitting with the corresponding tubing Bypass Filter The Bypass air filter is identified in Figure 8 2 and is referenced in the schematic Figure 5 1 This filter is used to protect a variable orifice controlling flow at a nominal 1 2 L min The Bypass filter is used during the high flow operation mode This filter is generally not replaced unless the instrument sample flow is compromised as the filter loads Figure 8 2 Replacing the Bypass Air Filter 1 Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument a
60. ectors on the back panel labeled Analog Input 1 and Analog Input 2 The input voltage range for these ports is 0 to 10 volts Analog voltages can be displayed together with concentration data on the LCD display and saved to the removable Flash Memory Card or a computer Voltages from pressure flow or temperature transducers can be correlated to particle concentration in real time Amplification must be supplied by the user to bring low voltage signals to the appropriate O to 10 volt range for best resolution DMA Analog Output and Pulse Output DMA Analog Output is configured by the Aerosol Instrument Manager software to provide the ramped voltage signal needed when the CPC is used as part of the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS spectrometer During normal operation of the CPC standalone not used as part of an SMPS this port provides an analog 0 10 V signal proportional linear or log to particle concentration This particle concentration is corrected for coincidence and equals the displayed concentration See more details in Chapter 4 Pulse Output provides a 5 volt 50 ohm termination digital pulse for each particle detected This enables you to use your own counting electronics hardware and provides a particle trigger for special applications The width of the pulse depends on both the shape of the photodetector pulse and the trigger level of the pulse threshold Typical nominal pulse widths are 2 5 microseconds see
61. ed during butanol fill Recommended for use with air safe for use with inert gases such as nitrogen argon and helium performance specifications are for air A 1 Table A 1 Model 3776 CPC Specifications Environmental operating conditions Condensing liquid Working fluid Filling system 08 Water removal 6 068 Communications Protocol wisicscisicicackeasheestecsies Interface Data logging and storage Averaging interval Analog inputs cee Outputs Digital display 0 Calibration ccececeeeee Power requirements Indoor use Altitude up to 2000 m 6500 ft Inlet pressure 75 to 105 kPa 0 75 to 1 05 atm Operating temperature range 10 to 35 C Safe temperature range 5 to 40 C Storage temperature range 20 to 50 C Ambient humidity 0 90 RH noncondensing Pollution degree II Overvoltage degree II Reagent grade n butyl alcohol butanol not included Electronic liquid level sensor initiates automatic filling as needed requires connection to fill bottle All condensate is collected and removed automatically by a constant flow rate micropump may be switched on for use in humid environments Command set based on ASCII characters RS 232 9 pin D subminiature connector pinouts compatible with standard IBM style serial cables and interfaces USB type B connector USB 2 0 compatible a
62. ees 3 11 Water Remova e a A aAA A Sa a SS 3 11 Internal Data L gging sperei etnai a 3 12 Remote Access of Instrument cccccecececseeeeeeeeceeeenees 3 12 Optional External PUMP ccc eece cece eee anes eeeeaeeaes 3 12 Flow Rat Control icsccnctvis feenes unten ena eee edn te ees 3 12 Temperature CON iesi 5c5civescevdenedevestesesegvatecacstssaisenedetects 3 13 Inlet Pressure MeaSureMent cccceceeeceeececeeeeeneneeeenes 3 13 CHAPTER 4 Instrument Operation sscccccsscssseseseeees 4 1 Operating Precautions ccececccc cece a aR EIR KAE a eani 4 1 IREE SWITCH MENEE A E ENA A S T E ETE 4 1 Control Knob and LCD Display sssessssessessrsresressessrssrereese 4 1 Warma Upee naa a a a a A aA 4 2 Main Data Presentation Sereen s sessesesseeessseeesseeessseeesee 4 2 Primary Functions in the Main Data Presentation Screen 4 3 Display Header soriire iaa a aa aa a a aa raara erias 4 5 USEF SEMIN GS adrera AET 4 5 Exit top and DOttom eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 4 6 Data Average Period o 8cicc ctes detects csteebcnseetetantegesten yest abteses 4 6 Auto Water Removal ccccccccescceneeeeceeeceeeaeneneeeeeseeseneneeees 4 7 Inlet Flow Mode enia facets oc E gen eansds Gna fadsuaaewtarwost 4 8 Totaliz r Mod s sieunen eei E ate Soddah ohne Giceievin 4 8 TOtALIZEE TIME tse 5 sacs asicc gas Sok gaged ao ah Sak ces a E Ca ones ae 4 9 PUI Passe abe AA cate D
63. elsius Legacy command to read the saturator temperature in degrees Celsius Legacy command to read the optics temperature in degrees Celsius Legacy command to read the instrument status Returns READY or NOTREADY B 4 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter R7 RV Legacy command to read the photometric voltage 3775 only Returns 0O 000 2 500 volts Example 2 013 Legacy command to read the concentration in p cc Read the version string Returns Model 377x Ver B B B S N AAAAAAAA SET Commands SAV SSTART Set analog output full scale voltage Params l gt 0 1 Volt 2 gt 0 2 Volt 3 gt 0 5 Volt 4 gt 0 10 Volt Example SAV 4 A full scale concentration will equal 10V Start a new sample Params 0O Stop 1 Start data type 1 2 Start data type 2 Example SSTART 1 Starts new sample Unit returns once sec Data Type 1 UX D D D D D D D D D D C C C C C C C C C C AN1 AN2 RIE UX gt elapsed time sec integer D gt tenth sec corrected counts integer C gt tenth sec concentration float AN1 gt analog input 1 float AN2 gt analog input 2 float RIE gt See help cmd for RIE Data Type 2 3776 UX C C C C C C C C C C R RR RR R R R R RF F F F F F F F F F T T T T T T T T T T UX gt elapsed time sec integer C gt tenth sec concentration float R gt tenth sec raw counts integer F gt flowrate cc 0 1sec float T gt tenth sec deadtime sec
64. erous to make any contact with any part inside the instrument Warns you that the instrument contains a laser and that important information about its safe operation and maintenance is included Therefore you should read the manual carefully to avoid any exposure to hazardous laser radiation Warns you that the instrument is susceptible to electro static dissipation ESD and ESD protection procedures should be followed to avoid damage Indicates the connector is connected to earth ground and cabinet ground Labels Advisory labels and identification labels are attached to the outside of the CPC housing and to the optics on the inside of the instrument Labels for the Model 3775 CPC are described below 1 Serial Number Label back panel Model Date JANUARY 2006 i ati 0 Cardigan Road St Paul Minnesota 68126 TSI 1 800 874 2814 651 490 2811 Made In USA 2 Laser Radiation Label located internally on the optics housing LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM 3 Electrical shock caution CAUTION To avold electrical shock the power cord protective grounding conductor must be connected 4 Laser device compliance label 5 Caution Safety ix 6 WEEE Directive Label Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Item must be recycled properly 7 French language electrical safety and laser Laser de Classe I compliance
65. es normal operating conditions Status Normal Deviations from normal operating parameters will cause the bar to appear red During warm up the bar is yellow in the Start up screen Status Normal status indicates that the instrument is warmed up and temperatures are in the correct range flow rates are correct laser power is correct etc Flash Card Indicates if the Flash Memory Card is ready logging or removed Time Current time appears in the upper right corner of the screen in the format of hh mm ss 24 hour clock Flow Mode Indicates which aerosol inlet flow mode is selected high 1 5 L min or low 0 3 L min User Settings The screen display shown in Figure 4 4 appears when MENU is selected in the Main Data Presentation Screen User Settings are accessible by highlighting the User Settings option and depressing the control knob Instrument Operation 4 5 4 6 Figure 4 5 shows the User Settings menu that appears once User Settings option is selected Once in the User Settings menu select options by rotating and depressing the knob User settings in the menu are described under individual headings below beginning with the EXIT option Flash Card Removed Flow Mode 1 5 lpm Exit Data Average Period gt 1 Seconds Auto Water Removal OFF Inlet Flow Mode gt 1 5 lpm Totalizer Mode gt Off Totalizer Time gt Continuous Pump gt ON Auto Fill Enable gt ON Analog Out gt
66. et 3 2 Particle Lightnin noosa sctecbaves E A ARRS 3 2 Flash Memory Card Slotsins st ienee aaa aai 3 2 Back Parel iecore irg esere iEn ask IA AIA ETRE EK RERE 3 3 AC Connector and Switth eensames aseet ee e ates 3 3 USB Communication Port sssesssseeseesereserrrerererererreseeeresese 3 3 RS 232 Serial Connections enesis ire a Er A 3 4 Anal g INPUtS iaaa aeo aa a E AERE A ETa ATANES 3 4 DMA Analog Output and Pulse Output ees 3 4 Ethernet Communication Port cceeeeseeseeeeeeeeee eee eeeeees 3 5 xi Butanol Fill Port serros dtsbeste aeaa edaseed dees fine aisah 3 6 Pump ExhauSt Port scsccsscsciidssgcadesstes a a E E Aan 3 6 Makeup Air Portes oriee saa S EE E O ish sversuaomvens 3 6 Drain Port ecane rie dacs sed a E E E dawns ne AR 3 6 Instrument Cooling FaN araeir an oe spades E A 3 6 COVET A EEE TE TEE EEE 3 6 LeftSide Panel oiiseias geese decked a osc i agate to E A 3 7 Clear Reservoir Cover Plate ccccccecececceseeeececeeeseenenees 3 7 Internal Instrument Components cece ee cece tees teen ees 3 7 Pressure TLTANSCuUCETS ccccccsceeee esse eeeeeeeeeneeeeseaeeeneeeeeaes 3 10 Electronics Boards sierran a EE E E E 3 10 Basic Instrument Functions ssesresesssssssseroresersesessseroree 3 11 Concentration Measurement ssessseresseeeeseeoeseseesseesese 3 11 Totalizet MOd Ci soseri asaan e ee sho oe a AORA 3 11 High and Low Flow Modes s sssssessessessrsereeresessessessees
67. eter Presented at the 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation Vienna Austria Keston J Reineking A and J Porstendorfer 1991 Calibration of a TSI Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Aerosol Science and Technology 15 107 111 Kousaka Y T Nida K Okuyama and H Tanaka 1982 Development of a Mixing Type Condensation Nucleus Counter J Aerosol Sci Vol 13 No 3 pp 231 240 Liu B Y H and D Y H Pui 1974 A Submicron Aerosol Standard and the Primary Absolute Calibration of the Condensation Nucleus Counter J Colloid Interface Sci Vol 47 pp 155 171 TSI paper A81 Miller S W and B A Bodhaine 1982 Supersaturation and Expansion Ratios in Condensation Nucleus Counters an Historical Perspective J Aerosol Sci Vol 13 No 6 pp 481 490 Nolan P J and L W Pollack 1946 The Calibration of a Photoelectric Nucleus Counter Proc Royal Irish Acad A9 pp 9 31 Nolan P J 1972 The Photoelectric Nucleus Counter Sci Proc Royal Dublin Soc Series A Vol 4 pp 161 180 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Pollak L W and A L Metnieks 1959 New Calibration of Photoelectric Nucleus Counters Geofis Pura Appl Vol 43 pp 285 301 Quant F R R Caldow G J Sem T J Addison 1992 Performance of Condensation Particle Counters with Three Continuous Flow Designs presented as a poster paper at the European
68. ettings Screen cee eee ene eee entrees 7 3 7 3 Digi Connect ME Configuration and Management Screen 7 3 7 4 Main Screen HTML Page irran 7 4 7 5 RS 232 Connector Pin Designations ccccsseeeeeeee ees 7 6 8 1 Replacing the Exhaust Filter ccc ce cece teen eeeeee 8 6 8 2 Replacing the Bypass Air Filter ec cee cee eeeeeee es 8 7 8 3 Replacing the Makeup Air Filter cece sees eeeee 8 8 8 4 Replacing the Butanol Fill Filter 0 eee e cece ee 8 9 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter 8 5 Front Panel Screw Removal cccccceccceceseeeeeeeee eee eeeenees 8 11 8 6 Micro Pump Filter Shown Behind the opened Front PANE vos cescntins tess esveckes sub yevetneveene des vats eter eedaas ubedb aesvevinen cts 8 11 8 7 Saturator Wick Removal cccccceecc cece eeeeeeeee nese eeen esse ees 8 13 8 8 Prying the Saturator Wick OUt ccc ce cece e cere neees 8 14 8 9 Pulling the Saturator Wick Out Using Pliers with Minimal HONG G 85 c02s 2s eeent tae s20s eos E ANENE obs 8 14 8 10 Installing a Saturator Wick 0 cece eee e eee e essa ees 8 15 8 11 Top View of Instrument Showing Critical Orifice in Optics Bloc K sisisccssdes ese wed solvteh ae vee eek apc dee aa ae ias 8 18 8 12 Top View of Instrument Showing Pump Top and Pump Inlet and Exhaust Fittings and Tubing 0 8 19 8 13 View of Instrument Interior Showing Tee Connection for External PUMP raupa ae i ere aieru
69. ews holding the clear butanol reservoir cover Table 8 3 Troubleshooting Problem Description Problems Suggestions Status Concentration exceeds the Concentration entering the CPC is too high Concentration out of range specification of 10 particles cm Dilute the aerosol before it enters the CPC Status Saturator temp out of range Saturator temperature out of range 0 5 degree C Warm up is not complete instrument is operating in an environment outside its specified operating range 10 to 35 C or instrument was removed recently from a temperature extreme Place instrument in an appropriate environment allow temperature to stablize Status Condenser temp out of range Condenser temperature out of range 0 5 degree C Warm up is not complete instrument is operating in an environment outside its specified operating range 10 to 35 C instrument was removed recently from a temperature extreme or fan flow is impaired Place instrument in an appropriate environment allow temperature to stablize Clean or replace fan filter remove object blocking fan flow Status Optics temp out of range Optics temperature out of range 2 degrees C Warm up is not complete instrument is operating in an environment outside its specified operating range 10 to 35 C or instrument was removed recently from a temperature extreme Place instrument in an appropriate environment allow
70. flooding it can occur if the instrument is shipped without properly drying or removing a wet wick Flooding can also occur if the inlet is blocked or the instrument is tipped during operation Once the instrument cover is removed evidence of flooding is seen by examining air tubing for the presence of liquid Start by looking at tubing downstream of an optics Carefully remove and dry out wet tubing then replace Note don t dry the tubing in place to avoid damaging other parts in the CPC If flooding has occurred it will be necessary to dry the optics block Begin by draining the butanol and removing the wick as described earlier Replace the reservoir cover without replacing the wick Turn the instrument on and make sure the pump is on Allow the instrument to operate for at least 24 hours Status Laser power low Detector in the laser indicates low laser power Contact a TSI service technician Status Liquid level low Liquid level sensor in the reservoir does not detect the presence of butanol Verify that no liquid is present in the reservoir by looking through the clear reservoir cover If no liquid level line is seen check carefully to confirm that it is not overfilled indicating a problem in the butanol level detection circuitry Add butanol to the fill bottle and connect the bottle at the quick connect fitting Make sure the Auto Fill Enable is selected ON in the User Settings menu Figure 4
71. fy the username and password to login to the web interface See the User Guide and documentation for more information on logging in or retrieving a lost password Copyright 1996 2005 Digi International Inc All rights reserved www digi com Figure 7 3 Digi Connect ME Configuration and Management Screen Computer Interface and Commands 7 3 7 4 7 From the web interface of the device discovery program or the web browser you can monitor the status of the CPC Main Screen HTML Page Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q ax Q E EA JO search Pe Favorites amp G3 a w Gal Address 4 http 10 1 12 162 FS WEB index html Model 3775 Serial Number 70310456 Status Normal weamar 22 149052006 Saturator Temperature 39 0 C Condenser Temperature 14 0 C Optics Temperature 40 1 C Ambient Temperature 25 0 C Pressures kPa A 100 0 0 50 8 N 0 028 Laser Current 68 MA Sample Flowrate 302 cc min Liquid Level FULL 2494 Concentration 2 31e 04 p cc Analog In 1 0 00 V Analog In 2 0 00 V Firmware Version 2 3 1 To view configuration options click on Configuration Applet TSIApplet started Figure 7 4 Main Screen HTML Page Flash Memory Card Specification A file is created on the Flash Memory Card when the START option is selected in the Main Data Presentation screen Each file will contain one hour of data unless the run is stopped
72. ge Min detectable particle D Max detectable particle Particle concentration range Single particle counting Photometric 0c0c0ee Particle concentration ACCUIACY sce scsccstert cesteseesteectest Response time High flow mode Low flow mode s s s Flow rate Aerosol flOW cccec eee ee eee Inlet high flow Inlet low flow FIOW SOULCE ccececec ee ences Flow Control ccceceeeeeee Operating temperatures Saturator cece eee eeeee Condenser pee sesser 4 0 nm verified with DMA classified sucrose particles gt 3 um O to 50 000 particles cm with continuous live time coincidence correction 50 000 to 10 000 000 particles cm 10 at lt 50 000 particles cm 20 at lt 10 000 000 particles cm 4 sec to 95 in response to concentration step change 5 sec to 95 in response to concentration step change 300 15 cm min 0 3 0 015 L min 1500 50 cm min 1 5 0 05 L min 300 15 cm min 0 3 0 015 L min Internal high vacuum diaphragm pump with brushless DC motor 15 000 hours rated lifetime option to use external vacuum source requires change to internal plumbing Volumetric flow control of aerosol flow by critical orifice differential pressure across orifice is monitored 39 C 0 2 C 14 C 0 2 C 40 C 0 2 C lt 0 01 particle cm based on 12 hr average No false counts incurr
73. he left as each new concentration value appears in the rightmost bin This continues until STOP is selected Reselection of START clears the current graph display and puts the first new concentration value in the leftmost bin Flash Logging If a Flash Memory Card is inserted in the slot on the front panel data is saved once per Data Average Period Details on the use of the Flash Memory Card are presented later in this chapter and in Chapter 7 Data is transferred to the computer running Aerosol Instrument Manager software at a rate of once per second Each data transfer contains 10 data points The software provides more flexibility in data averaging and improved time resolution Check the software manual for details Auto Water Removal This option provides ON OFF control for the automatic water removal feature of the Model 3775 CPC This feature is used in hot humid environments to eliminate contamination of the butanol working fluid by condensed water vapor Water removal keeps the CPC operating at peak performance Water removal is achieved by collecting all condensate from the cooled condenser before it has a chance to return and remix with the butanol in the heated saturator The collected condensate is pumped to the Drain port and flows to the supplied Drain Bottle Important Note The Drain Bottle must be connected for the water removal system to work properly Instrument Operation 4 7 Butanol
74. icles in the Atmosphere Proc Royal Soc Edinburgh 35 Aitken J 1890 1891 On a Simple Pocket Dust Counter Proc Royal Soc Edinburgh Vol XVIII Bradbury N E and H J Meuron 1938 The Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Condensation Nuclei Terr Magn 43 pp 231 240 Bricard J P Delattre G Madelaine and M Pourprix 1976 Detection of Particles by Means of a Continuous Flux Condensation Nucleus Counter in Fine Particles B Y H Liu ed Academic Press New York pp 565 580 Caldow R and P B Keady 1990 Performance of a Condensation Particle Counter Aerosols Science Industry Health and Environment Proceedings of the 3rd International Aerosol Conference Kyoto Japan S Masuda and K Takahashi ed 1 503 506 C 1 C 2 Hogan A W 1979 Aerosol Detection by Condensation Nucleus Counting Techniques in Aerosol Measurement D A Lundgren ed Univ Presses of Florida Gainesville Florida pp 497 514 Keady P B F R Quant and G J Sem 1986 A Condensation Nucleus Counter for Clean Rooms Proc Institute of Environmental Sci Annual Technical Mtg pp 445 451 Keady P B F R Quant and G J Sem 1988 Two New Condensation Particle Counters Design and Performance Presented as a poster at the AAAR Annual Meeting Chapel Hill NC U S A Keady P B V L Denler G J Sem 1988 A Condensation Nucleus Counter Designed for Particle Detection Above 3 nm Diam
75. id column in the drain tube Once drained remove the clear plastic reservoir cover plate by removing the four retaining screws as shown in Figure 8 7 Make sure the blue O ring gasket seal is retained if it becomes unseated Put paper towels on the table under the reservoir to absorb any butanol that spills out Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Figure 8 7 Saturator Wick Removal 6 7 8 9 Insert a small flat blade screwdriver in the notch at the side of the wick and pry the wick out as shown in Figure 8 8 You may need to use pliers if the wick is soaked with butanol see Figure 8 9 Make sure to use as minimal force as possible Place the wick in the plastic bag included with the accessories and seal the bag This wick can be dried by putting it ina vacuum for three hours However it is not necessary to dry the wick before putting it back into the saturator block after the shipment To install a wick back into the saturator insert the wick into the saturator block orienting it as shown in Figure 8 10 with the metal orientation pin at the side of the wick positioned in the notch to the right Replace the gasket seal if necessary by reinserting it into the grove and applying vacuum grease on the gasket Replace the clear plastic plate making sure the O ring is properly seated and not pinched 10 Tighten the screws with modest torque 11 Use the Auto Fill option to refill the reservoir with Butanol
76. ifice fitting Cleaning may require the use of an ultrasonic bath or use of appropriate solvent depending Maintenance and Service 8 17 8 18 upon source of contamination The orifice fitting is constructed of 316 SS with an imbedded Sapphire orifice Orifice replacement one orifice supplied may be required if the blockage cannot be removed Note TSI replacement orifices have excellent repeatability and calibration is generally unnecessary to maintain the basic instrument flow specification when an orifice is replaced If you have a trusted flow reference you may wish to calibrate the orifice to improve accuary A new calibration data point is entered through the instrument s serial communication port Refer to the section Calibrating and Entering New Orifice Flow Data 8 Apply thread sealing tape or compound and re install the orifice 9 Reconnect the plastic tubing 10 Verify flow as described earlier Figure 8 11 Top View of Instrument Showing Critical Orifice in Optics Block Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Installation of an External Vacuum Pump It is possible to use an external pump with your CPC The pump must provide sufficient vacuum to maintain a critical pressure across the aerosol flow orifice and bypass makeup air variable orifice while providing adequate inlet flow for instrument operation The external vacuum pump must maintain at least 50 kPa 15 in Hg of vacuum pressure at 100
77. iiy 8 7 Make p Air Filter eener pien a a aaah 8 8 Butanol Fil Filter ainotar i arani EINT Ein AE AEE Ein 8 9 Micro Pump Filter cc ccccccceeeee sees esceeneeeneeuscuescueseuees 8 10 Removing and Installing the Saturator Wick 006 8 12 Bypass Makeup Air Flow Adjustment cc cceeeeeee ees 8 15 Maintenance of the Critical Orifice 0 0 0 eee ee eneeees 8 16 Installation of an External Vacuum Pump ceeeeeeeeeees 8 19 False Count Check rninn E A ST AS 8 20 Error Messages and Troubleshooting eseeerereerserreseree 8 21 Calibrating and Entering New Orifice Flow Data 8 23 Orifice Calibration reiese iae ie nni ren EEEa 8 24 Technical Contacts risna a E e r E R 8 25 Contents xiii Returning the CPC for Service cccecceeeeesseceeeeeeenneeenae ees 8 25 APPENDIX A Specifications ccccccccscccscsceccceccvesceeees A 1 APPENDIX B Firmware Commands ccccccsssscccccsccccccceees B 1 READ Command tscsecyicsts hte ctex can cose owe cane sn tees ae weieatiansan caves B 1 SET COMMAS eerren tine E wae ode E dgnaetaawen B 5 MISC MISCELLANEOUS Command cceceseeeeeeeeeees B 8 HELP Command 2200 ciscisciivssvsswesSeldevcy veinteleseh cadccd a akae a dodawes B 10 APPENDIX C References cccccccccccccecccccccccccccccecccccccceccs C 1 Index Reader s Comments Sheet Figures xiv 1 1 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Co
78. in the nozzle pressure tubing may indicate a more serious flooding problem Contact TSI service personnel if this problem occurs A leak in the pump sampling tubing or diminished pump performance will also cause reduced flow through the critical flow orifice and lowered nozzle pressure This will be accompanied by a reduced orifice pressure as well as nozzle pressure reduction Reference the discussion in Chapter 5 Technical Description on critical flow for a better understanding of CPC flow To remove the critical orifice for cleaning or replacement use the following instructions 1 Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover 3 Identify the stainless steel barbed orifice fitting from Figure 8 11 indicated by the arrow 4 When performing any operations within the cabinet take great care to avoid stressing any electrical wiring Damage to the wiring may necessitate the return of the instrument to the factory for repair 5 Carefully separate the clear tubing from the orifice barb prying carefully between the end of the tube and fitting with a flat blade screwdriver to facilitate tubing removal Use a 6 socket wrench or nut driver to remove the fitting 7 Clean or replace the or
79. incidence correction for maximum accuracy Q Smooth transition to photometric mode that goes up to 10 particles cm Q Butanol friendly features including anti spill design water removal system butanol odor absorber and improved resistance to optics flooding m Built in data logging and storage capability with removable memory card Removable saturator wick for easy transport and maintenance USB and Ethernet available Built in SMPS compatibility Auto recovery from power failure Oooo 1 1 Q Particle concentration plots of concentration versus time total counts instrument status and user settings shown on front panel color LCD display Partcie 2 Condensation Particle Cou Model 3775 A SSS 7 a Figure 1 1 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter How it Works 1 2 In the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC an aerosol sample is drawn continuously through a heated saturator where butanol is vaporized and diffuses into the aerosol sample stream Together the aerosol sample and butanol vapor pass into a cooled condenser where the butanol vapor becomes supersaturated and ready to condense Particles present in the sample stream serve as condensation nuclei Once condensation begins particles quickly grow into larger droplets and pass through an optical detector where they are counted easily At low concentrations the optical detector counts individual pulses p
80. ion and Service Manual part number 1930111 TSI Incorporated Model 3782 Water based Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual part number 1930073 TSI Incorporated Model 3785 Water based Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual part number 1933001 TSI Incorporated Model 3786 Ultrafine Water based Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service Manual part number 1930072 TSI Incorporated Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for CPC and EAD Instruction Manual part number 1930062 TSI Incorporated This manual contains operating instructions for Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for CPC and EAD a software program that monitors calculates and displays particle concentration data collected by a CPC or an EAD xviii Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Getting Help To obtain assistance with the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter contact Customer Service TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 USA Fax 651 490 3824 Telephone 1 800 874 2811 USA or 651 490 2811 E mail Address technical service tsi com Submitting Comments TSI values your comments and suggestions on this manual Please use the comment sheet on the last page of this manual to send us your opinion on the manual s usability to suggest specific improvements or to report any technical errors If the comment sheet has already been used please mail your comments on another
81. is higher than the saturation temperature and prevents butanol from condensing on the lenses and other internal components in the particle detection optics Pressures kPa Pressures from three transducers are labeled A O N and displayed on the Status Screen A is the barometric air pressure in kPa Inlet air pressure is very close to the barometric pressure when sampling directly from the ambient environment A restriction at the inlet will Instrument Operation 4 13 change the inlet air pressure The instrument is designed to operate with an inlet pressure between 75 and 105 kPa O is the differential pressure across the aerosol flow critical orifice N is the differential pressure across the nozzle Identification of the orifice and nozzle are found in the flow schematic Figure 5 1 in Chapter 5 Aerosol Flow Rate Aerosol flow is maintained nominally at 0 3 L min 300 cubic centimeters per minute by the critical flow orifice mounted in the optics block A discussion of critical flow is found in Chapter 5 Critical Flow Actual flow for each orifice is determined at the factory and entered into the instrument firmware for use in the calculation of particle concentration The actual aerosol flow is very close to the nominal value of 0 3 L min Laser Current Laser power is monitored by an internal detector in the laser diode package If laser light energy drops below 35 mA an Error is indicated Liquid Level Full is i
82. isplay The 3775 CPC measurement data is presented on a 3 5 x 4 5 quarter VGA color LCD display Instrument functions are accessed on the display using the rotate select control knob The display and control knob are shown in Figure 4 1 below 4 1 LOJ Scale nice A 163 000205 Ime Averoo 1 zo 00020 CEOE Conc 6 2663 pec Condensation Particle Counter Model 3775 Figure 4 1 CPC Front Panel LCD Display and Control Knob Turn the control knob clockwise or counterclockwise to highlight items on the LCD display Highlighting is indicated as a box around the text Depress the knob momentarily to select the option To spin the knob quickly place your finger in the indentation on the knob surface and turn Warm up When the instrument is turned on the saturator condenser and optics have to reach set operating temperatures This warm up interval takes about 10 minutes during which the start up screen is displayed as shown in Figure 4 1 The status bar at the top of the LCD display is yellow when the instrument status is Warming up When the warm up is complete the Main Data Presentation Screen is automatically displayed see Main Data Presentation Screen section in this Chapter and the vacuum pump is turned on automatically The Main Data Presentation Screen may be displayed and the pump may be turned on before the warm up is complete by depressing the knob at any time from the warm up
83. k and accumulator are used The accumulator adds up the live time and the counter adds up pulse counts The particle concentration is then calculated by C number of counted particles 1 a accumulated live time aerosol flow rate Photometric Calibration For concentrations greater than 50 000 particles per cubic centimeter the overall amount of light scattered from the droplets is measured as a DC voltage from the photodetector and then calibrated to a known concentration For the calibration a sodium chloride aerosol is used dried with silica gel and neutralized using a radioactive source The salt aerosol concentration is varied using a dilution bridge to develop a series of calibration data points at high concentrations up to the instrument concentration limit of 10 particles cm The Model 3775 CPC DC voltage is recorded at the different concentration calibration points To determine the actual salt concentration used for the calibration points a diluter and second CPC standard are used Operating in the highly accurate single count mode the standard CPC is first used to calibrate the dilution ratio of the diluter Using the diluter the standard CPC then measures the high test concentrations at each calibration test point while remaining in single particle counting mode The corresponding relationship between the DC voltage and the known concentration is put into the 3775 CPC for photometric measurements 7 Note
84. labels Pour viter I lectrocution le Ce produit r pond connecteur du c ble de masse aux normes i reli une prise de 21 CFR 1040 10 et 1040 11 8 ETL Label for safety certification ETL LISTED SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR oN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR MEASUREMENT CONTROL NAIDA AND LABORATORY USE GENERAL 2003359 REQUIREMENTS CERTIFIED TO CAN CSA C22 2 NO 1010 1 9 TSI Service Label For Service and Information Contact TSI Customer Service www tsi com 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 U S A TSI x Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Contents Manitial Hist ry sones desde ssescacesectecccossdsecseeecdists seacedenedicdssensiss v Warranty oe sic oss cssecsecscacedvec cates nannaa a e a aai R i vi Sale ty EE E T ledeasens Suseevsss tessecses es vii Laser Safety icsiceicecscssasies jes Goi doteacenves codedeetaadoatouasnedeed doudetts cag cos vii Chemical Satety oeiia a cds chele tes clea asain eae vii Description of Safety Labels 2 0 0 0 ceec cess ceeeeeceneeeeeeeeeaees viii Caution eakate ca dtanaeagesboliaideigeonee eeguvan detieed absia unas viii Warning cist erosa inneir E anO cee sade UNENE KE SVE ENESTAS bie viii Caution or Warning Symbols sssssssseesessessesseseeeressesseseese ix Lalbelisisvencev tis cde igs ceed co besten varies uceu S settene anes te reaven yea eeebeae experts ix About This Manual sccccccccccccccccccccccccscccsccce
85. low flow mode see Inlet Flow Mode section in the User Settings section in Chapter 4 Pump A high vacuum diaphragm pump is used to maintain a critical aerosol flow and bypass makeup air flow The pump uses a brushless DC motor with an anticipated life of more than 15 000 hours Counting Efficiency and Response Time of the CPC 5 8 The 3775 CPC has a D of 4 nm D is defined as the particle diameter at which 50 of particles are detected The curve fit shown in Figure 5 2 is based on testing of three 3775 CPCs using sucrose particles generated by TSI Model 3480 Electrospray Aerosol Generator and size classified with TSI Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier and Model 3085 Nano Differential Mobility Analyzer DMA The counting efficiency is calculated by comparing the CPC readings to TSI Model 3068A Aerosol Electrometer readings Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Counting Efficiency Note the particle concentration measured by the CPC is the total number concentration of all particles that a CPC can detect This measurement provides no size differentiation and it is not corrected using the CPC counting efficiency curve When the CPC is used as part of a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS TSI Model 3936 the counting efficiency curve is used to correct particle count data to provide particle size distribution The 3775 CPC has a fast response time T defined as the time it 95 takes for the
86. mal cooling The CPC uses the latter Adiabatic Expansion CNC The first CNC was developed over a century ago by John Aitken 1888 His simple and completely mechanical device cooled water saturated air by adiabatic expansion using a pump The droplets were counted as they fell onto a counting grid and a calculation was made to determine the concentration of dust particles in the sample volume He made several improvements to his invention and his portable dust counter was used for many years Aitken 1890 91 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Other significant developments in adiabatic expansion CNCs include the use of electrical photodetectors to measure the light attenuation from cloud formation Bradbury and Meuron 1938 Nolan and Pollak 1946 Rich 1955 Pollak and Metneiks 1959 the use of under and overpressure systems and automation using electrically controlled valves and flow systems The amount of light attenuated from the droplet cloud is monotonically related to the concentration of particles and is calibrated either by manual counting techniques calculated from theory of particle light scattering or by using an electrical classification and counting method Liu and Pui 1974 A historical review of the expansion CNCs is given by Nolan 1972 Hogan 1979 and Miller and Bodhaine 1982 Two Flow Mixing CNC Another cooling method turbulently mixes two vapor saturated flows one hot and one cold to r
87. management screen 7 3 Digi device discovery screen 7 2 dimensions A 3 display brightness 4 11 display header 4 5 DMA output 3 4 drain 4 10 drain butanol 4 16 8 4 drain port 3 6 drain valve 3 9 drying instrument 4 16 E electronics board 3 10 entering orifice flow data 8 23 environment 5 2 environmental operating conditions A 2 error messages 8 21 ESD precautions 8 16 ethernet 7 1 Ethernet communication port 3 5 exhaust filter 3 9 replacing 8 6 exit option 4 6 external pump 3 12 external vacuum pump connecting 8 20 installing 8 19 replacing 8 19 F false background counts A 1 false count check 8 20 fill bottle 2 3 bracket mounting 2 3 filling with butanol 2 3 filter 3 9 filter replacement schedule 8 6 filters changing 8 5 replacing 8 5 firmware commands 7 7 B 1 flash card 4 5 flash logging 4 7 flash memory board 3 10 flash memory card 3 12 4 4 4 14 4 15 7 1 specification 7 4 flash memory card slot 3 2 flooded instrument 8 23 flow control A 1 flow mode 4 5 flow rate A 1 flow rate control 3 12 flow schematic 5 6 flow source A 1 flow system 5 7 flowmeter 8 17 front panel 3 1 front panel display 3 1 3 11 3 13 8 16 fuse A 3 G getting help xix graph analog inputs 4 12 graph display 4 7 graph options 4 10 menu 4 11 H hazardous gases warning 4 1 HELP command 7 7 help command information 7 7 HELP comm
88. n Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3007 CPC 5 4 Model 3010 CPC 5 3 Model 3010D Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3020 CNC 5 4 Model 3022A CPC 5 4 8 12 Model 3025 UCPC 5 4 Model 3025A UCPC 5 4 Model 3068A 5 8 Model 3080 5 8 Model 3085 5 8 Model 3480 5 8 Model 3760 CPC 5 3 Model 3762 CPC 5 3 Model 3771 CPC 5 3 Model 3772 CPC 5 3 Model 3772 3771 Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3776 UCPC 5 4 Index Model 3776 Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3781 Water based Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3781 WCPC 5 4 Model 3782 Water based Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3782 WCPC 5 4 Model 3785 Water based Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3786 Ultrafine Water based Condensation Particle Counter manual xviii Model 3786 UWCPC 5 4 Model 3936 SMPS 5 5 5 9 moving instrument 4 16 N n butyl alcohol vii 2 3 network setup 7 1 nucleation homogeneous 5 1 5 2 self nucleation 5 1 O open web interface 7 3 operating precautions 4 1 operating temperature range A 2 operating temperatures A 1 optical detection 6 1 optical detector 1 2 5 3 5 5 6 2 optics block 8 18 8 23 housing ix 5 5 operating temperatures A 1 optics temperature 4 13 optional external pump 3 12 options in main data presentation screen 4 4 orifice calibration 8 24 orifice flow data 8 23 outputs A 2
89. n limit When growing the particles in the condenser chamber the highest saturation ratio occurs on the centerline of the flow stream at some distance down the condensing tube Stolzenburg 1988 Although the saturation ratio is not uniform across the flow profile due to thermal gradients the lower size sensitivity can still be predicted and measured Using sheath air the CPC confines the aerosol to the centerline of the condenser tube where level of supersaturation is the highest The result is very high detection efficiency for small particles The high sensitivity of the Model 3776 UCPC and the Model 3786 UWCPC makes them the only instruments of their kind that can detect particulates down to 2 5 nm This makes them useful for atmospheric studies nucleation cleanroom monitoring and basic aerosol research etc The sheath air flow design of the two CPCs also significantly reduces the response time for particle detection and particle diffusion losses This occurs because aerosol particles are routed directly from the inlet to the condenser and optics not through the saturator The Model 3781 WCPC is a small size and light weight instrument that detects particles down to 6 nm and operates in single count mode for concentration up to 5 x 10 particles cm The Model 3007 CPC was developed in 2001 It is a hand held battery powered instrument with a size detection limit of 10 nm It uses isopropyl alcohol as the working fluid Model
90. ncy HEPA or ULPA filter on the inlet the CPC may have developed a leak or the aerosol flow path may have become contaminated with butanol To eliminate the possibility of butanol contamination follow the directions in the following section for Flooded Instrument If the false count problem continues it is most likely due to a leak Contact TSI for assistance Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Error Messages and Troubleshooting The table below provides basic information on the errors generated by the Model 3775 CPC and suggestions for corrective action When an error occurs the status bar at the top of the screen turns red and the error is displayed e g Saturator temp out of range When multiple errors are present Multiple Errors is indicated To help determine the type of errors refer to the Status Screen see Figure 4 9 The number presented in the right column appears red if out of range Refer to Table 8 3 to help identify the problem When the pump is turned off in User Settings Figure 4 5 the error bar turns yellow and Pump off is indicated When called upon to remove the cover for service in the troubleshooting table follow instructions below 1 Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the scr
91. nd remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover Maintenance and Service 8 7 8 8 3 Locate the filter in Figure 8 2 Before replacing the filter note the direction arrow on the filter It points to the 3 way solenoid valve that controls the inlet flow operation mode Remove the tubing from both ends of the filter Replace the filter with the one in the accessory kit P N 1602094 orienting the directional arrow and tubing correctly Flow arrow should point to the 3 way solenoid valve Makeup Air Filter The Makeup air filter is identified in Figure 8 3 and is referenced in the flow schematic Figure 5 1 This filter is used to protect the variable orifice controlling flow at a nominal 1 2 L min The Makeup Air Filter is used during the low flow operation mode This filter is generally not replaced unless the instrument sample flow is compromised as the filter loads Makeup air is sampled from ambient environment Figure 8 3 Replacing the Makeup Air Filter Read warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the six side panel screws they don t have to be fully removed Lift the cover up Do not remove the screws holding the clear butanol reservoir cover Locate the filter in Figure 8 3 Remove th
92. ndicated if adequate butanol is present in the liquid reservoir Liquid level is detected by a heated RTD Resistance Temperature Detector level detector If the liquid level is low Not Full is indicated Concentration Measured particle concentration is displayed in particles per cubic centimeter p cc Analog Inputs Analog Input 1 and 2 display voltages supplied to the BNC connectors at the back panel of the instrument These analog data inputs have a range of O to 10 volts Voltages can come from a variety of sources at the operator s discretion Signals should be gained up or down so the outputs fall into the 0 to 10 volt window with maximum resolution Analog input data can be displayed together with particle concentration on the front panel LCD display and saved to the Flash Memory Card during data logging The analog input data can also be displayed along with particle concentration in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Using the Flash Memory Card Particle concentration data and analog input data can be saved to a Flash Memory Card inserted in the slot at the lower right corner of the front panel Insert the card label up Data saving is initiated from the Main Data Presentation Screen when the START option is selected A file having a DAT extension is created and will sample one hour of CPC data Additional files will be created automatically each hour i e having one
93. nsors used with research anemometers and certain other components when indicated in specifications are warranted for 90 days from the date of shipment b Parts repaired or replaced as a result of repair services are warranted to be free from defects in workmanship and material under normal use for 90 days from the date of shipment c Seller does not provide any warranty on finished goods manufactured by others or on any fuses batteries or other consumable materials Only the original manufacturer s warranty applies d Unless specifically authorized in a separate writing by Seller Seller makes no warranty with respect to and shall have no liability in connection with goods which are incorporated into other products or equipment or which are modified by any person other than Seller The foregoing is IN LIEU OF all other warranties and is subject to the LIMITATIONS stated herein NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY IS MADE TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER AND THE LIMIT OF SELLER S LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES INJURIES OR DAMAGES CONCERNING THE GOODS INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE TORT STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE THE RETURN OF GOODS TO SELLER AND THE REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OR AT THE OPTION OF SELLER THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL CONSE
94. nt status A variety of communication options for computer data acquisition and on board data storage are available using a removable flash memory card The instrument offers a critical flow pump for high accuracy volumetric flows It can also be used with an external vacuum pump with the necessary internal plumbing modifications Product Overview 1 3 CHAPTER 2 Unpacking and Setting up the CPC Use the information in this chapter to unpack the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC and set it up Packing List Table 2 1 shows the components shipped with the Model 3775 CPC Table 2 1 Model 3775 CPC Packing List Qty Description RSH He BP WON KF EF NO ND BKB eB BB eB eB HB He ee Model 3775 and Operation Manual Power Cable Aerosol Instrument Manager Software Fill Bottle Drain Bottle Bottle Bracket RS 232 Cable 9 pin M F 12 ft USB I O Cable A B 6 ft SanDisk ImageMate 5 in 1 Card Reader Data Memory Card Saturator Wick for CPC 3775 Orifice Critical Flow s NPT x 8 barb Variable Orifice Bypass and Makeup Air Ftg NY RSTR 0 0 025 Insulation Plug 50 dia x 50 thk Insulation Plug 75 dia x 50 thk Filter Charcoal SS Elbow Fitting for Mounting Charcoal Filter Micro Pump Filter Filter Inline 25 micron Fill Drain Makeup Air Filter Filter Inline 73 micron Bypass Air Exhaust Filter Filter inline NY 6 um O Ring for Reservoir Cover FSI Ring 1 030 Checkout Data Sheet
95. nto the following categories Q READ Commands Q SET Commands Q MISC MISCELLANEOUS Commands Q HELP Commands READ commands are used to read parameter from the instrument flow rates pressures temperatures etc READ commands can be identified by a leading R SET commands set an internal parameter to the value s supplied with the command Supplied parameters are always delimited by a lt gt SET commands can be identified by a leading S The instrument will reply to all set commands with the string OK lt CR gt MISC MISCELLANEOUS commands will be used for calibration and SMPS mostly HELP commands A list of firmware commands are accessible using the HELP command sent to Serial 1 of the CPC The firmware commands are also listed in Appendix B The commands can be used to read CPC data instrument statuses set instrument operating parameters and send and receive data from another instrument attached to the Serial 2 port The instrument will reply with a serial string of ERROR if a command was not understood To use the HELP command and the firmware commands a program capable of sending and receiving ASCII text commands can be used A terminal program such as HyperTerminal supplied with Windows is appropriate Computer Interface and Commands 7 7 7 8 Connect to Serial 1 of the Model 3775 CPC and perform the following steps 1 Open the HyperTerminal program by selecting Star
96. ntrol Knob Aerosol Inlet The Aerosol Inlet is located on the front panel The inlet consists of a 4 OD tube suitable for use with common tube fittings Permanent fittings with metal locking ferrules should be avoided since this may inhibit removal of the front panel in the event service is required Aerosol inlet flows of 0 3 or 1 5 L min can be set as needed Particle Light The particle light flashes each time a particle is detected At high particle counting levels gt 10 counts per second the light appears continuously on Flash Memory Card Slot The Model 3775 CPC provides storage of particle concentration data using a standard flash memory card A flash memory card is included Refer to Using the Flash Memory Card in Chapter 4 for more on how to use the Flash Memory Card Technical information is also found in Chapter 7 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Back Panel As shown in Figure 3 2 the back panel of the Model 3775 CPC has power and data connections analog input output connections pump exhaust port makeup air port butanol fill and drain ports and cooling fan The function of the ports and connectors are clearly labeled AC Connector and Switch Plug the supplied AC power cable into this receptacle The instrument power switch is integrated above the AC receptacle USB Communication Port The Model 3775 CPC provides a USB port for use with the TSI Aerosol Instrument Manager software incl
97. ntrol knob 3 1 4 1 self nucleation see nucleation homogeneous 5 1 sensor 5 5 sensor assembly 3 8 service 8 1 8 25 service policy vi SET commands 7 7 B 1 B 5 setting up 2 1 2 2 shipping instrument 4 16 signal connections for RS 232 configurations 7 6 single count mode 6 1 solenoid valve 3 9 specifications A 1 start 4 4 static prevention measures 8 1 status 4 5 bar color 4 5 information 3 12 menu 3 13 menu option 4 12 screen 3 13 4 12 4 13 stop 4 4 storage temperature range A 2 subminiature connector 7 5 submitting comments xix sucrose particle 5 8 supersaturation 5 1 T technical contacts 8 25 technical description 5 1 temperature control 3 13 theory 5 1 5 3 thermoelectric device 5 5 time 4 5 total count accuracy 6 2 totalizer mode 3 11 4 8 screen 4 8 totalizer time 4 9 troubleshooting 8 21 two flow mixing CNC 5 3 U UCPC 5 4 unpacking 2 1 2 2 USB 7 1 USB communication port 3 3 user settings 4 5 display 4 6 UWCPC 5 4 V valve 3 9 variable orifice 3 9 W X warm up 2 4 4 2 warning symbol ix warranty vi water removal 3 11 water removal pump 3 9 WCPC 5 4 weight A 3 wick removal 8 13 working fluid 2 3 A 2 Y Z y axis scale 4 11 Index 4 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Reader s Comments Sheet Please help us improve our manuals by completing and returning this questionnaire to the address listed in the Ab
98. o provide some guidance on how often filters should be changed Filters may require replacement sooner or may last significantly longer depending upon the sampled aerosol concentration level or aerosol type Changes in the nozzle differential pressure and inlet sample flow rate may indicate that a filter requires replacement Replacement filters are supplied in the accessories kit and are available from TSI as maintenance kits Refer to the earlier section Replacement Parts Kits Maintenance and Service 8 5 Table 8 2 Filter Replacement Schedule Filter Name TSI Part Number Replacement Schedule Operation Time Exhaust Filter 1602094 2000 hours Bypass Filter 1602094 gt 2000 hours Makeup Air Filter 1602088 1500 hours Butanol Fill 1602088 2000 hours Micro pump Filter 1500192 As necessary Part numbers are listed for reference only Replacement filters are ordered from TSI as Replacement Filter Kit P N 1031488 Exhaust Filter The Exhaust Filter is mounted at the back panel as shown in Figure 8 1 This filter removes particles in the air stream exhausting the instrument from the internal vacuum pump This filter does not require replacement unless instrument sample flow is compromised as the filter loads A drop in the nozzle differential pressure or reduction in inlet sample flow may indicate a plugged 8 6 exhaust filter Figure 8 1 Replacing the Exhaust Filter 1 R
99. ocused on how to condense the vapor onto the particles Portions of the following discussion are taken from a paper by Keady et al 1986 When the vapor surrounding particles reaches a certain degree of supersaturation the vapor begins to condense onto the particles This is called heterogeneous condensation If supersaturation is too high condensation can take place even if no particles are present This is referred to as homogeneous nucleation or self nucleation whereby molecules of the vapor form clusters due to the natural motion of the gas and attractive van der Waals forces to form nucleation sites This condition is avoided by accurately controlling operating temperatures The CPC operates below the supersaturation ratio to avoid homogenous nucleation The degree of supersaturation is measured as a saturation ratio P P3 which is defined as the actual vapor partial pressure divided by the saturation vapor pressure for a given temperature P supersaturation Ps For a given saturation ratio the vapor can condense onto particles only if they are large enough The minimum particle size capable of acting as a condensation nucleus is called the Kelvin diameter and is evaluated from the following relationship 47M P saturation ratio e urati i P Xp RT 5 1 where y surface tension of the condensing fluid M molecular weight of the condensing fluid p density of the condensing fluid R universal gas constant
100. odel 3022A CPC Removing the saturator wick will cause butanol butyl alcohol vapors to diffuse into the work space Wick replacement operations must be performed in a well ventilated area ideally under a fume hood If unfamiliar with butanol refer to the Chemical Safety information at the front of this manual Whenever the instrument is turned on the Auto Fill is activated Do not run the instrument with the clear butanol reservoir cover plate removed to prevent spilling butanol from the butanol reservoir Tools needed to remove saturator wick 8 plastic bag with seal Philips head screwdriver small flat blade screwdriver needle nose pliers paper towels Refer to figures that follow To remove and reinstall the saturator wick follow the instructions below 1 Find a plastic bag with seal P N 2300027 in accessory kit suitable to hold the 8 x 1 saturator wick The wick will likely be wet with butanol when removed and needs to be placed in the bag immediately to reduce release of butanol vapors Connect the Drain Bottle to the drain port at the back of the instrument Select the Manual Drain option from the User Settings menu as described in Chapter 4 The drain bottle should be placed on the floor well below the instrument To facilitate draining tilt the instrument to the side of the clear reservoir plate and or to the side of the back panel The bottle can also be squeezed to initiate movement of the liqu
101. of a second and the aerosol flow rate entered into the firmware by manufacturer This flow rate is very close to its nominal value of 0 3 L min 300 cubic centimeters per minute cm min Particle concentration is live time corrected for coincidence Refer to Chapter 6 Live time Counting for more information Totalizer Mode Totalizer mode counts number of particles in a given time period This mode is used to improve counting resolution at very low particle concentrations Time number of counts and concentration are shown on the front panel display High and Low Flow Modes The Model 3775 CPC has user selectable high and low inlet sample flow modes The high inlet sample flow mode 1 5 L min is preferred for smaller particles because particles are transported more quickly through sampling lines reducing particle diffusion losses The low flow mode 0 3 L min is primarily used with the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer TSI Model 3936 SMPS to measure size distributions for wider particle size range Water Removal When the aerosol sample has a dew point above the condenser temperature of 14 C water vapor may condense on the walls of the condenser and run back into the saturator contaminating the butanol over time Unlike its predecessor the Model 3022A the Model 3775 CPC is able to capture condensed water vapor and remove it significantly reducing butanol contamination The water removal process increa
102. osed to ambient air Note If the CPC has n butyl alcohol butanol in the reservoir be very careful when moving the CPC See Moving and Shipping the CPC section for details Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CHAPTER 3 Instrument Description Use the information in this chapter to become familiar with the location and function of controls indicator and connectors on the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC Front Panel The main components of the front panel include the color LCD display rotate select control knob aerosol inlet particle indicator light and flash memory card slot These are identified in Figure 3 1 and described below LCD Display The quarter VGA color LCD display provides continuous real time display of sample data and is used in conjunction with the control knob to display user menus and instrument status information Refer to Chapter 4 for details on how to make selections and change options on the menus Rotate Select Control Knob Turning the control knob highlights items on the LCD display Depressing the knob inward selects the option To spin the knob quickly place your finger in the indent on the knob surface and rotate the knob A black cap is located at the bottom of the front panel to cover a hole Do not remove it from the instrument 3 1 3 2 Particle Counter Cor Model 3775 ya an l Figure 3 1 View of the Model 3775 CPC LCD Display and Co
103. otalizer Mode Data Screen Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Totalizer Time Use this option with the Totalizer Mode to select the time period for accumulating counts Three options are available 60 seconds 60 minutes and Continuous Sampling stops once the time is complete Sampling may be ended manually prior to the end of a sampling period by selecting STOP Pump The critical flow vacuum pump can be turned on or off by selecting the Pump option When idle for long periods of time the pump should be turned off to reduce maintenance requirements and reduce butanol consumption If the instrument is to be left idle continuously it is recommended that a filter be placed on the aerosol inlet See below In a dirty environment with high or unknown aerosol concentration turn the pump off when possible or provide filter protection at the inlet This reduces the likelihood of large fibers clogging the delicate aerosol capillary tube If the instrument is used in a monitoring application over long periods of time an impactor or cyclone should be used upstream of the CPC to keep large particles and debris from clogging the capillary tube Auto Fill Enable When the Auto Fill Enable option is ON the instrument fills with butanol automatically when the liquid level indicator in the butanol reservoir detects a low butanol level condition A fill bottle with butanol needs to be connected to the Butanol Fill port to fill the inst
104. ound on the supplied Aerosol Instrument Manager Software CD or in the folder where the Aerosol Instrument Manager software is installed The Discovery exe program will find CPC devices on the network 7 1 7 2 Note This program will only find CPCs that are on the same subnet Example If the computer is at IP address 10 1 3 1 the device discovery program will find all CPCs on 10 1 3 x Also if the windows firewall in enabled on by default in service pack 2 the device discovery will not find any CPCs Once the IP address is known you can access the Ethernet port on the CPC from another subnet 3 Select the device and choose Configure network settings Digi Device Discovery IP Address MAC Address Device Device Tasks 00 40 9D 24 E8 F1 Digi Connect ME Open web interface Configure network settings Restart device Other Tasks Refresh view Help and Support Details Digi Connect ME Configured Static IP address 10 1 3 172 Subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Default gateway 0 0 0 0 Serial ports 1 Firmware 82000856_E 1 device My Device Network Figure 7 1 Digi Device Discovery Screen 4 Talk with your network administrator to verify the correct network settings this device should operate at If needed the MAC address can be located on the back of the instrument or in this pop up window Fill in the appropriate information and click Save Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Configure Network Set
105. out This Manual section Feel free to attach a separate sheet of comments Manual Title _ Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter P N 1980527 Rev D 1 Was the manual easy to understand and use U Yes No Please identify any problem area s 2 Was there any incorrect or missing information please explain 3 Please rate the manual according to the following features Good Adequate Poor Readability Accuracy Completeness is everything there Organization finding what you need Quality and number of illustrations Quality and number of examples OOOoOoO OUCOODO OOOOOO Comments 4 Which part s of this manual did you find most helpful 5 Rate your level of experience with the product UO Beginning U Intermediate Expert 6 Please provide us with the following information Name Address Title Company TSI Incorporated Headquarters Tel 1 651 490 2811 Toll Free 1 800 874 2811 E mail particle tsi com UK Tel 44 1494 459200 E mail tsiuk tsi com France Tel 33 491 95 21 90 E mail tsifrance tsi com Germany Tel 49 241 523030 E mail tsigmbh tsi ccom Sweden Tel 46 8595 13230 E mail tsiab tsi com India Tel 91 80 41132470 E mail tsi india tsi com China Tel 86 10 8260 1595 E mail tsibeijing tsi com For current information www tsi com P N 1980527 Rev D Copyright 2007 by TSI Incorporated All rights reserved
106. ozzle pressure is outside specified limits Immediately remove any blockages at the instrument inlet From the Status Screen Figure 4 9 check the Pressures kPa If N is gt 0 25 the nozzle pressure is out of range and is displayed as red in the Status Screen If the orifice pressure O is lt 10 or gt 90 the orifice pressure is out of range and is displayed as red in the Status Screen Refer to the earlier section Maintenance of the Critical Orifice and confirm that you have appropriate inlet flow using a flowmeter If the aerosol flow inlet flow in low flow mode 0 3 L min is incorrect check to make sure the pump is operating listen for pump noise Remove the instrument cover following warnings and cautions presented at the beginning of this chapter Check for loose or disconnected tubing from the pump Check for disconnected pressure tubes to the pressure transducers Check for signs of liquid in the pressure lines This will defeat the pressure readings and may indicate a flooded instrument see below 8 22 Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Problem Description Problems Suggestions Flooded instrument Butanol liquid is present in the instrument optics causing a variety of problems including erratic or very low concentration readings changes in aerosol flow rate and or changes in transducer pressure measurements Although the 3775 CPC has been designed to resist
107. r feel faint or nauseous leave the area at once Ventilate the area before returning Although the CPC is appropriate for monitoring inert process gases such as nitrogen or argon it should not be used with hazardous gases such as hydrogen or oxygen Using the CPC with hazardous gases may cause injury to personnel and damage to equipment Description of Safety Labels This section acquaints you with the advisory and identification labels on the instrument and used in this manual to reinforce the safety features built into the design of the instrument Caution Caution means be careful It means if you do not follow the procedures prescribed in this manual you may do something that might result in equipment damage or you might have to take something apart and start over again It also indicates that important information about the operation and maintenance of this instrument is included Warning Warning means that unsafe use of the instrument could result in serious injury to you or cause irrevocable damage to the instrument Follow the procedures prescribed in this manual to use the instrument safely viii Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Caution or Warning Symbols The following symbols may accompany cautions and warnings to indicate the nature and consequences of hazards Warns you that uninsulated voltage within the instrument may have sufficient magnitude to cause electric shock Therefore it is dang
108. re minus the orifice differential pressure A N O Flow is critical if the following is true A N O lt 0 528 5 1 A N Control of the aerosol inlet flow requires a variable orifice for bypass and makeup air flow This orifice is also operated at a critical pressure ratio Technical Description 5 7 High Flow The high flow option allows the aerosol sample to be brought to the CPC faster to minimize response time and reduce particle diffusion losses In the high flow mode the three way solenoid valve see Figure 5 1 is opened to the bypass flow closing the makeup air path A total of 1 5 L min is drawn into the CPC 0 3 L min flows through the sensor as the aerosol flow and 1 2 L min flows as bypass flow For information on how to select the high flow mode see Inlet Flow Mode section in the User Settings section in Chapter 4 Low Flow An inlet flow rate of 0 3 L min is used when using the CPC ina Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer spectrometer to measure wider particle size range In the low flow mode the three way valve see Figure 5 1 is open to the makeup air path and the bypass flow is shut off Only the aerosol flow of 0 3 L min is drawn into the inlet and enters the sensor directly 1 2 L min makeup air enters the makeup air port at the back panel of the instrument and mixes with the aerosol flow before entering the vacuum pump to make up the 1 5 L min total flow For information on how to select the
109. rences C 3 C 4 Stolzenburg M R 1988 An Aerosol Size Distribution Measuring System Ph D Thesis University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota July Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Index A about this manual xvii AC connector and switch 3 3 accuracy 6 2 adiabatic expansion CNC 5 2 aerosol flow rate 4 14 aerosol inlet 3 2 4 9 flow 5 7 flow mode 4 8 Aerosol Instrument Manager software 4 14 4 16 7 1 A 2 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software manual xviii aerosol medium A 1 altitude A 2 ambient humidity A 2 analog in 4 14 analog inputs 3 4 A 2 analog out 4 9 analog output 3 4 applying power 2 4 ASCII setup button 7 10 ASCII setup dialog box 7 10 auto fill enable 4 9 auto water removal feature 4 7 B back panel 3 3 basic instrument functions 3 11 bottle bracket mounting 2 2 bubble meter 8 17 8 24 butanol vii 2 3 3 6 3 9 caution 2 4 drain port 3 6 draining 4 16 butanol bottle 3 6 butanol consumption 4 8 butanol drain bottle 2 3 butanol fill filter replacing 8 9 butanol fill port 2 3 3 6 quick connect fitting 3 6 butanol reservoir 3 7 draining 8 4 butanol reservoir cover plate 3 7 bypass filter replacing 8 7 bypass flow 5 7 bypass makeup air flow adjustment 8 15 C calibrating orifice flow data 8 23 calibration 5 6 A 2 C 2 C 3 orifice 8 24 caution butanol 2 4 caution symbol ix changing filters 8 5 schedule 8 5 ch
110. ription 3 5 Butanol Fill Port Butanol is supplied from the butanol fill bottle to the instrument at the Butanol Fill port quick connect fitting Pump Exhaust Port The air flow containing butanol vapor exhausts from this fitting at the back panel of the CPC Pump exhaust should be directed away from the work area using a piece of tubing connected to this port A supplied charcoal filter can be used on a temporary basis to capture butanol vapor from the exhaust Care must be taken that the exhaust port is not blocked More charcoal filters can be ordered through TSI P N 1031492 and P N 1031493 See Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service Makeup Air Port The CPC samples at a rate of 1 5 L min through the aerosol inlet during high flow mode and 0 3 L min during low flow mode To maintain a consistent pump operation flow during high flow and low flow operation modes makeup air 1 2 L min is added through the Makeup Air port during low flow mode operation The 1 2 L min makeup air flow is combined with the 0 3 L min aerosol flow prior to the internal vacuum pump Drain Port This port is used to drain the working fluid butanol from the 30 cm liquid reservoir and is used when collecting water extracted using the Water Removal system See Chapters 3 and 4 for more on the water removal feature Instrument Cooling Fan This fan cools internal electronics and dissipates heat generated during cooling of the condenser The fan is pro
111. roduced as each particle droplet passes through the sensing zone For very high particle concentrations the Model 3775 transitions from the single count Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter mode to a photometric mode where the total light scattered from the particles is used to determine concentration based on calibration The aerosol sample is drawn into the CPC inlet by an internal vacuum pump The inlet flow can be configured for either a 1 5 liters per minute L min high flow mode operation to improve response time and minimize particle transport loss or a 0 3 L min low flow mode operation used as part of an SMPS system In high flow mode 1 2 L min of the inlet flow is diverted as a bypass flow In the low flow mode 1 2 L min clean air enters as makeup air through the back panel of the instrument In both high and low flow modes 0 3 L min aerosol flow passes through sensor assembly comprised of the saturator condenser and optics Instrument flows are controlled by a variable orifice and an orifice operated at a critical pressure The Model 3775 CPC uses a laser diode light source and diode photodetector to collect scattered light from particles An internal microprocessor is used for instrument control and data processing A high resolution color LCD display presents real time graphs of number concentration enables easy to use menus for control operation functions and presents diagnostic information and instrume
112. routing Procedures for use of an external pump are provided in the maintenance section in Chapter 8 Flow Rate Control The Model 3775 CPC uses a critical orifice and a variable orifice to accurately control the air flows in the instrument The critical orifice operates at or below the critical pressure ratio to control the 0 3 L min nominal volumetric aerosol flow A variable orifice controls the bypass makeup air flow It is also operated at a critical pressure ratio for a flow of 1 2 L min More is found in Chapter 5 Technical Description Problems with the aerosol flow can be detected by monitoring the pressure drop across the nozzle and verifying that the critical orifice pressure is maintained Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Temperature Control The temperatures of the condenser saturator and optics are nominally maintained at 14 C 39 C and 40 C respectively with specified ambient temperatures in the operating range of 10 to 35 C Temperatures are controlled through feedback circuits on the main electronics board and are displayed in the Status menu on the front panel For ambient temperatures outside the instrument operating range the instrument temperature performance may not be maintained Moderate increases in saturator temperature and optics are tolerated in some instances depending on measurement requirements Inlet Pressure Measurement With the built in high vacuum pump the instrument is
113. rument Selecting Auto Fill OFF prevents the fill valve from opening despite a low butanol level The Auto Fill option is turned on each time the instrument is turned on Auto Fill is automatically turned on each time the CPC is turned on Make sure the CPC is not operated with the reservoir cover plate removed This will prevent butanol from spilling out of the instrument as filling takes place Analog Out When the CPC is used as a standalone CPC the voltage output from the DMA Analog Output port at the back panel of the instrument is proportional linear or log to the particle concentration There are nine options OFF 1E 1 1E 2 1E 3 1E 4 1E 5 1E 6 1E 7 and LOG The relationship between voltage output and particle concentration with the options selected is listed below Instrument Operation 4 9 4 10 Option Concentration Range for Analog Output 0 10 V Relation OFF O V independent of concentration 1E 1 Oto 10 particles cm linear 1E 2 Oto 100 particles cm linear 1E 3 Oto 1 000 particles cm linear 1E 4 0 to 10 000 particles cm linear 1E 5 O to 100 000 particles cm linear 1E 6 O to 1 000 000 particles cm linear 1E 7 O to 10 000 000 particles cm linear LOG 10 V 10 000 000 particles cm log 9 V 1 000 000 8 V 100 000 7 V 10 000 6 V 1 000 5 V 100 4V 10 3V 1 2V 0 1 1V 0 01 O V lt 0 01 Drain For specific instructions on
114. rument Manager software is used Serial 2 is used for attaching another instrument Read and write commands are sent and received from Serial 2 by the computer connected to Serial 1 Serial 1 and Serial 2 can have different baud rates and communications protocols Normally only Serial 1 is used Commands 7 6 All commands and responses unless specified as binary encoded are sent or received as ASCII characters All messages are terminated with a lt CR gt OxOD character All linefeeds OxOA characters are ignored and none are transmitted Commands are case insensitive Backspace character 0x08 will delete previous characters in buffer In this specification values enclosed by lt gt indicate ASCII characters values sent received For example lt gt indicates the comma was sent or received via the communications channel Integers are 32 bit values Floating point are IEEE 32 bit values Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Integer and floating point values are C string compatible ASCII encoded For example an integer value of lt 11011100101110101001100001110110 gt binary would be sent as lt 3703216246 gt When char integer or hex decimal data is sent with more than one digit leading zeros should always be left off If the value of the data is zero then one zero must be sent An exception is the value zero in real format it should be sent as OOOOOEO The firmware commands are divided i
115. scscsceees xvii PULPOSE i od sidssceeeiiee tenes a bad EATE RE A deren ett xvii OLPaNiZatiON a ssccscseidevenvsevdevdeesceechy save tvecyssn cen sdnventsaveeesreeeay eaveny xvii Related Product Literature ec e een aAa xviii Getting Help irssi ia eia aE nO Orn estou RENEA aan xix Submitting Comments mieia aa A EERI r E xix CHAPTER 1 Product Overview cscscccsccccccscsccccccsceceees 1 1 Product DeSCriptiOn 4 oi ccsececseveceocsesses sgudgecvasecant EERE EEE AASEN 1 1 HOW WOKS a aene rated aula eure ctate A N tenssatie iateetees 1 2 CHAPTER 2 Unpacking and Setting up the CPC 2 1 Packing List oo cisceceseessedesdes ane geegee gar Ger Ter EEIN EINE EErEE ERIA Pa 2 1 UNPACKING nyediani av de as inca teseslsneeas cette E ATE Y 2 2 DCN Up ivississvaccvececcevants REREN EENE An sive AT EARR AKUERE TERETERE 2 2 Filling the Fill Bottle with Butanol ssesessessrssrerrererresse 2 3 Connecting the Butanol Drain Bottle eee 2 3 Apply Power to the CRC iore oeae a a a A 2 4 Positioning the CPC eisir ser erite ies ves oiei sE PAESE ETETEN 2 4 CHAPTER 3 Instrument Description cceccccscscececeees 3 1 BONE Pane hiss a thot sabre tease neste ses a ate ten het ta eed ees 3 1 LCD DiSPlAay wi csi isccsseesecesetenis Sen tensevauea ave Gesatevvoeauanwb E AE 3 1 Rotate Select Control Knob cccccececececeeeneneeeeceeesenenes 3 1 Aerosol INN secs art e N ees tes ea ttieass E R renn
116. seconds ASCII Receiving Append ine feeds to incoming line ends C Eorce incoming data to 7 bit ASCII Wrap lines that exceed terminal width Connected 0 01 50 Auto detect Auto detect Figure 7 9 ASCII Setup Dialog Box 6 Now select File Save As and save the file to the desktop for easy access 7 Close the program and start it again from the desktop It should automatically open a connection to the instrument 8 Type in firmware commands to communicate with the CPC A list of firmware commands can be obtained using the HELP command or from Appendix B To obtain the list from HELP command select Transfer Capture Text and then HELP ALL in the terminal window lets you capture all the help commands to a text file for easy reference Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CHAPTER 8 Maintenance and Service This chapter is written for a service technician with skills in both electronics and mechanics Static preventative measures should be observed when handling any printed circuit board connectors Regular maintenance of the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC will help ensure years of useful operation The frequency of service depends on the frequency of use and the cleanliness of the air measured This section describes how to check and service some components of the CPC You are encouraged to call TSI for assistance in performing special maintenance It may also be helpful to have the te
117. ses the butanol consumption For additional information refer to Chapter 4 Instrument Description 3 11 Internal Data Logging A removable Flash Memory Card can be inserted in the slot on the front panel to store particle concentration data and analog input data Data can then be transferred to a computer for further data processing Refer to Chapter 4 for more details It is not recommended you use a Flash Memory Card and Aerosol Instrument Manager software or terminal program to collect data simultaneously to avoid data transfer interference Remote Access of Instrument The Model 3775 CPC provides an Ethernet port to connect the instrument to a network for monitoring status information Status information includes saturator condenser optics temperatures laser power and particle concentration etc The data is updated once every five seconds Refer to Chapter 7 for more details Optional External Pump It is possible to use an external pump to provide sample flow for the instrument The pump must provide sufficient vacuum to maintain a critical pressure across the aerosol flow critical orifice and bypass makeup air variable orifice while providing a flow of 1 5 L min total instrument flow At an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa 1 atm an external pump must provide at least 50 kPa 15 in Hg of vacuum and 1 5 L min inlet volumetric flow for each CPC supported This option requires changing of the internal tubing connections and
118. sheet of paper to TSI Incorporated Particle Instruments 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview MN 55126 Fax 651 490 3824 E mail Address particle tsi com About This Manual xix CHAPTER 1 Product Overview This chapter contains an introduction to the Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC and provides a brief explanation of how the instrument operates Product Description The Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter CPC is a general purpose counter that can detect airborne particles down to 4 nanometers in diameter It provides highly accurate measurements over a wide concentration range from O to 10 particles per cubic centimeter As a result this CPC is quite versatile and well suited for a broad range of applications including but not limited to basic aerosol research filter and air cleaner testing combustion and engine exhaust research health effects studies inhalation and exposure studies atmospheric and climate studies and nanotechnology research Additionally it can be used as part of a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS spectrometer to measure particle size distribution The successor to the Model 3022A CPC the Model 3775 CPC offers many new features and improvements UO Detects particles down to 4 nanometers QO Faster response to rapid changes in aerosol concentration T 4 seconds QO Extended single particle counting up to 50 000 particles cm with continuous live time co
119. t Programs Accessories Communications HyperTerminal 2 Enter a name for the connection for example TSI 3775 Je New Connection HyperTerminal Eile Edit View Call Transfer Help Oe 65 08 Connection Description New Connection Enter a name and choose an icon for the connection Name TS 3773 Icon CELLET Auto detect Auto detect SCROLL CAPS NUM Capture Print echo Figure 7 6 Connection Description Screen 3 Enter the communications COM port Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter TSI 3 S Properties Connect To Settings BD rsrs Country region United States 1 Enter the area code without the long distance prefix 651 Area code Phone number Connect using aay Sh v Jse country region code and area code Redial on busy Figure 7 7 Connect To Dialog Box 4 Enter the port settings described below and click OK COM1 Properties Port Settings Bits per second 115200 Data bits Parity Stop bits How conto TT Restore Defaults Cancel eee Figure 7 8 Port Settings Dialog Box Computer Interface and Commands 7 9 5 Under the settings tab pick the ASCII Setup button and check the boxes shown below TSI 3775 HyperTerminal ASCII Sending E Send line ends with line feeds Echo typed characters locally Line delay 0 milliseconds Character delay 0 mil
120. t 12 MB Ethernet 8 wire RJ 45 jack 10 100 BASE T TCP IP SD MMC flash memory card 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 or 60 seconds set from front panel software provides more averaging options Two BNC connectors 0 to 10 volts data recording for external sensors Graph of concentration vs time concentration time and total counts status temperatures pressures laser power aerosol flow etc and user settings BNC connector O to 10 volts user selectable function output linear log concentration or DMA voltage control BNC connector TTL level pulse 50 ohm termination nominally 2 5 microseconds wide Aerosol Instrument Manager software RS 232 and USB compatible Recommended annually 100 to 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 335 W maximum Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Table A 1 Model 3776 CPC Specifications Physical features Front panel Back panel Side panel Dimensions HWD nominal ccc cece ee ee ees LCD TFT QVGA 320 x240 pixel 5 7 inch color display aerosol inlet LED particle indicator light rotate select control knob flash memory card slot Power connector USB Ethernet two 9 pin D sub serial connectors two BNC inputs two BNC outputs fan butanol fill connector butanol drain connector makeup air port pump exhaust port fill bottle and bracket Butanol level viewing window 25 cm x 32 cm x 37 cm 10 in x 13 in x 15 in not including fill bottle and
121. t accuracy In the concentration mode the CPC operates in the single count mode between 0 and 5 x 10 particles per cubic centimeter and operates in photometric mode for concentrations in the range from 5 x 10 to 10 particles per cubic centimeter It employs continuous live time coincidence correction in the single counting mode Optical Detection Submicrometer particles are drawn into the counter and enlarged by condensation of a supersaturated vapor into droplets that measure several micrometers in diameter The droplets pass through a lighted viewing volume where they scatter light The scattered light pulses are collected by a photodetector and converted into electrical pulses In single counting mode the electrical pulses are counted and their rate live time corrected is a measure of particle concentration In photometric mode the total scattered light is converted into particle concentration based on a calibration curve in the instrument 6 1 Total Count Accuracy At very low concentrations the accuracy of the measurement in the single particle counting mode is limited by statistical error If the total number of particles counted in each time interval is very small the uncertainty in the count is large The relative statistical error of the count g is related to the total count n by In totalizer mode the accuracy of the concentration is increased by sampling for a longer period and counting more particles The
122. tered by the user Note however as discussed in the section Maintanence of the Critical Orifice orifices supplied by TSI have good repeatability Unless you have a high accuacy flowmeter lt 2 for calibration it may be preferable not to recalibrate Orifice Calibration 1 Turn the instrument on and allow to warm up 2 Select the Inlet Flow Mode of 0 3 L min from the User Settings menu see Figure 4 5 3 Connect your bubble meter TSI flowmeter or similar high accuracy low resistance flowmeter to the CPC inlet 4 Deterimine the volumetric flow rate at the inlet Refer to the infromation on RS 232 serial communications provided in Chapter 7 To send specific calibration data to the instrument serial port you will need to use a a program capable of sending and receiving ASCII commands such as HyperTerminal supplied with Windows and described in the Command section 6 Connect your computer to the serial port Serial 1 at the back of the CPC instrument 7 Type in the serial command for changing the 3775 aerosol flow rate SAF x if necessary where x is the flow rate in cm min The value entered should be very close to 300 cm min Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Technical Contacts Q Ifyou have any difficulty installing the CPC or if you have technical or application questions about this instrument contact an applications engineer at TSI Incorporated 651 490 2811
123. time before generating a new data file each hour in the card Remove the flash memory card following the correct procedures 1 Use Safely Remove Hardware option in Windows to disconnect the card reader from the computer stop USB Mass Storage Device 2 After the message Safe To Remove Hardware The USB Mass Storage Device device can now be safely removed from the system appears physically remove the flash memory card from the card reader Failure to follow these procedures may result in failure to log data with the flash memory card RS 232 Serial Communications The communications ports are configured at the factory to work with RS 232 type devices RS 232 is a popular communications standard supported by many mainframe computers and most personal computers The Model 3775 CPC has two 9 pin D type subminiature connectors on the back panel labeled Serial 1 and Serial 2 Figure 7 5 shows the connector pins on the serial ports Table 7 1 lists the signal connections Computer Interface and Commands 7 5 Note This pin configuration is compatible with the standard IBM PC serial cables COM Port Male Connector Figure 7 5 RS 232 Connector Pin Designations Table 7 1 Signal Connections for RS 232 Configurations Pin Number RS 232 Signal GND Transmit Output Receive Input Reserved GND OAONOUPWNH An external computer is connected to Serial 1 for basic instrument communications and when Aerosol Inst
124. tings The network settings can be assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate network settings Device Digi Connect ME MAC Address 00 40 9D 24 E8 F1 Obtain network settings automatically Manually configure network settings IP Address 10 1 3 172 Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 Default Gateway ee ee Save Cancel Figure 7 2 Configure Network Settings Screen 5 Close the device discovery program and restart the CPC It takes about a minute for the Ethernet to initialize 6 Ifthe CPC is in the same subnet as the computer start the device discovery program Discovery exe and click on Open web interface The username and password are tsicpe as shown below in Figure 7 3 If the CPC is not in the same subnet as the computer type in the IP address in your web browser Work with your network administrator to make sure the IP address is accessible from the network your computer is in A Digi Connect ME Configuration and Management Microsoft Internet Explorer DER File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q sax Q x a JO search She Favorites O B a El m rel 3 Address betp 10 1 3 200f ogin htm v Eco tins Dic i Digi Connect ME Configuration and Management Connectware Help Welcome to the Configuration and s Management interface of the Digi Username Connect ME Password Please speci
125. tomatically scales the graph based on the lowest concentration Fixed lower limits are provided by factors of 10 The options include 1E 2 1E 1 1E 0 1E 1 1E 2 1E 3 1E 4 1E 5 and 1E 6 The lower limit is at least one order of magnitude lower than the upper limit Selecting fixed values for upper and lower concentration limits provides the best resolution in the concentration range of interest The concentration line will not be displayed if it is outside the boundaries defined by the upper and lower limits Display Brightness Adjust the brightness of the front panel display as a percentage of maximum brightness Instrument Operation Graph Analog Select to include analog input data on the graph Inputs display during display of particle concentration Analog input scale is fixed between 0 and 10 volts Transducer voltages having a different range may need to be amplified or reduced to achieve suitable resolution for display Analog data is recorded to the Flash Memory Card and output through the communication ports This is true even if the analog data is not displayed on the graph While data is logging into the memory card this option is deactivated Status Statuses are accessed by selecting MENU then the Status option shown in Figure 4 8 Information presented in the Status screen Figure 4 9 provides data from instrument sensors useful to confirm basic performance and for troubleshooting
126. ucer in kPa Returns A floating point number from 15 0 to 115 0 Example 100 1 Read the orifice pressure transducer Units are in kPa Returns A floating point number from 0 0 to 99 9 Example 50 8 Read the nozzle pressure transducer Units are in kPa Returns A floating point number from 0 000 to 10 000 Example 0 028 Read the aerosol pressure transducer 3776 only Units are in inches of water Returns A floating point number from 0 000 to 1 000 Example 0 746 Read the serial number Returns A string of up to 20 characters Example 70514396 Firmware Commands B 3 RALL RMN RO R1 R2 R3 R5 Read the analog input voltages Returns X Y where X is analog input 1 and Y is analog input 2 X and Y are floating point numbers from 0 00 to 10 00 Example 5 22 3 65 Read a set of current values Returns Concentration instrument errors saturation temp cond temp optics temp cabinet temp ambient pressure orifice press nozzle press laser current liquid level Reads the laser current in milliamps Returns An integer from 0 to 150 Example 70 Reads the liquid level Returns FULL or NOTFULL and the corresponding ADC reading The ADC reading is an integer from O to 4095 Example FULL 2471 Read the model number Returns 3771 3772 3775 3776 3790 or 100 Example 3775 Legacy command to read the liquid level Returns FULL or NOTFULL Legacy command to read the condenser temperature in degrees C
127. uded with the instrument When USB communications are used with the software the computer automatically recognizes the CPC as a TSI instrument Additional information on USB communications is found in Chapter 7 and also in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software manual Note Up to three CPCs can be simultaneously connected to one computer running Aerosol Instrument Manager software with USB connections Supply Bama Broo Bund Fill O oe Webwup Ar AG Powar in 100 240 VAC 5000 Hz 27A 386W Drein with ax nomas f ro A Piiter Mount S 24 CFA 1040 10 and 1040 11 Boon todo los soe a Bracket Ke Figure 3 2 Back Panel of the Model 3775 CPC Instrument Description 3 3 3 4 RS 232 Serial Connections The Model 3775 CPC provides two standard 9 pin RS 232 serial ports that allow communication between a computer and the CPC Serial commands are sent to and from the computer to monitor instrument status information to retrieve and monitor data and to provide a variety of control functions such as turning the pump on and off Serial 1 only Aerosol Instrument Manager software may be used with Serial 1 as well as USB Information on RS 232 communications can be found in Chapter 7 Computer Interfaces and Commands Analog Inputs The CPC can monitor the analog voltages from two external sources via the analog input BNC conn
128. unter 00008 1 2 2 1 View of Fill Bottle Bracket Mounting eee eeeee ees 2 3 3 1 View of the Model 3775 CPC LCD Display and Control KOD reirnos sneusitgcunsvecaotesteveveaveauis etite senedessldent enue sete OTTA NEAS 3 2 3 2 Back Panel of the Model 3775 CPC ceecceeeeeeeeeeeneeeee etree 3 3 3 3 Sample Digital Pulse from Pulse Output Port at the Back Panel of th CPC eiaa anaa e e a a a 3 5 3 4 Left Side Panel Showing Butanol Reservoir and Saturator WiC K eres aa tots cine aedoetan ea eA E aa ARERR D SESE AAS 3 7 3 5 Internal Components of the Model 3775 CPC 0 3 8 4 1 CPC Front Panel LCD Display and Control Knob 4 2 4 2 CPC Main Data Presentation Screen During Operation 4 3 4 3 Display Showing Cursor cc cece cece cess ce eeseeeeee essa eeeees 4 4 4 4 Display After the MENU Function is Selected 0 4 5 4 5 lt Us r Settings Display swcsice date seceunns tees e NE E cdee ew edeens 4 6 4 6 Totalizer Mode Data Screen cc cece cece eee eee ee eee eeeeneeeees 4 8 dT Graph Options MENU yikes onsvee sed dae denveaevie let cate Get dav desea dee cents 4 11 4 8 Status MENU Option Highlighted eee eee 4 12 4 9 Status SCreenn ss 2c stews AE AAEE E eee veel at ee teas 4 13 5 1 Flow Schematic of the Model 3775 CPC ecceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5 6 7 1 Digi Device Discovery SCTeen cece eee e AURREN seas 7 2 7 2 Configure Network S
129. vided with a guard and a removable filter that should be cleaned of dust periodically Cover 3 6 The cover refers to the removable section of the chassis covering the top and sides of the CPC It is secured to the chassis with six screws on the bottom The six screws can be loosened to remove the cover and access to the interior of the Model 3775 CPC Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Left Side Panel The left side panel refers to the side panel on the left when facing the front panel of the instrument As shown in Figure 3 4 it includes a clear removable butanol reservoir cover plate that is used to view the liquid level in the saturator and to access the saturator wick for easy removal before instrument shipment Also shown in the figure are the cover screws that can be loosened to take off the instrument cover Clear Reservoir Cover Plate The clear reservoir cover plate provides a view of the butanol level in the liquid reservoir and access to the saturator wick for removal prior to instrument transport or maintenance The 30 cm butanol reservoir white cylindrical wick and blue sealing gasket are all visible through the clear cover Four screws are used to mount the cover plate Instructions for wick access and replacement are provided in Chapter 8 Figure 3 4 Left Side Panel Showing Butanol Reservoir and Saturator Wick Internal Instrument Components Internal components are described in this se

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