BBEB-D004S
Contents
1. HHHCD ROMHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH OSD Microsoft Windows 980 Windows 98 Second Edition Windows Millennium Editiong Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Professional B Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Professional O windows XPr 0000000 CPUg MMX Pentium 0 D 233 MHz Pentium 400 MHzHHHHH RAMH 64MBH 00 Windows XPO 128MBO 0000 HHHHHHHHHHHH30MBHHHHHHH 0000000 High Color 0 0 800x600HHHHHHHHH lt CD ROMHHHH HHHHHHHHH HHHHHUSBHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 000000000000 00000000000000 0000 HHHHH HPCHHHHHHHHHHHH 00000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH DUU Windows 2000 Professional 0 Windows XPO O D O D D D D D O 0000000000 Administrator D O D O O O OO O O O O O OO O O O O HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1 WindowshHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2 HHHHHCD ROMHHHHHHHHHCD ROMHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0 I CD ROMHHHHHHH Setup exe O D D D 3 Sony BBeB Dictionary Viewer for Windows InstallShield 0 0 0000000000000000002. 9 00 20 00 8 8 9 00 17 00 1 2 3 4 P SO th CABS 7141 0001 6 7 5 http www sony co jp VOC Printed in China Sv00Q 8388
3. HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 000 0000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000000 e Book Reader EBR 100MSHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH ROMIHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1111 HHHHHHHL 00 11 1 11 01 HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 5 85 EH o 87198 SS E Ea HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0 HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH UU HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH oof ooo FJ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHS amp HH umana oo R ET E ooo ooo ooo r3 r3 H EX ESL bg E EZ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHS amp HH ooo ES E E oo oo ooo r3 r3 L JL Led oo r3 L oO EE HE oO oo t oO oO HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH a Co EJ Co ET ET E oon E E r3 r3 HHHHHH HHHHLH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0552260858 GAA SR dell o RPI DE Law 10 57 1 3 HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH
4. Information in the dictionary is given in entries arranged in alphabetical order of headwords headwords entry nab nzb verb bb VN informal 1 to catch or arrest sb who is doing sth wrong SYN COLLAR He was nabbed by the police for speeding 2 to take or get sth Who s nabbed my drink nachos netfouz AmE t ouz noun pl from Spanish a Mexican dish of crisp pieces of TORTILLA served with beans cheese spices etc nadir neidre r AmE dir noun sing written the worst moment of a particular situation the nadir of his career Company losses reached their nadir in 1992 OPP ZENITH Some headwords can have more than one part of speech headword and all possible parts of speech Squares show where the information on each blind fold blamdfeold AmE fould noun verb adj adv mnoun something that is put over sb s eyes so they cannot see m verb VN to cover sb s eyes with a piece of fabric or other covering so that they cannot see The hostages part of speech begins Pil were tied up and blindfolded m adj adv BrE also blind fold ed BrE AmE with the eyes covered T he reporter was taken blindfold to a secret location o I knew the way home blindfold because it was so familiar o I could do that blindfold very easily with no problems There are some words in English that have the same spelling as each
5. bank noun a grassy bank slope rise incline bank verb bank an aircraft tilt slope slant bank noun borrow from the bank high street bank clearing bank bank verb bank the money deposit save save up If the headwords are identical but the parts of speech differ there can be no ambiguity in cross references so homonym numbers are not used This does not necessarily imply that the different part of speech entries have the same etymology THE ENTRIES Each entry contains a list of words that are synonyms of the headword i e the words can be used in place of the headword in most although not all contexts When a word has more than one meaning the different senses of the word are numbered Example phrases in italic type indicate the particular sense and illustrate the use of the word In some cases two or more examples are given these are separated by a vertical bar For example assimilate verb 1 assimilate food facts assimilate people into a group absorb take in incorporate digest ingest 2 assimilate your way of life to theirs adapt adjust accustom acclimatize accommo date become like Similar blend in fit homogenize Note that a solidus is used to separate alternative words in order to save space The solidus applies only to the two words it separates thus assimilate food facts can be read as assimilate food and assimilate facts GROUPS WITHIN SENSES In g
6. more different forms are common alternatives are given for example cagey cagy adjective guarded secretive noncommittal cautious chary wary careful shrewd wily However alternatives are not listed in all such cases For instance in British English many words ending in ize can also be spelled with an ise ending Variants of this type have not been included PARTS OF SPEECH Headwords are always followed by a label indicating the part of speech of the entry When a word has two or more different parts of speech it is listed more than once with separate entries for each for example 38 captive noun take captives prisoner prisoner of war hostage captive adjective captive animals imprisoned incarcerated locked up The order of parts of speech is based on usage with the most common placed first Not all possible parts of speech of a word are necessarily included as headwords For example many words that function as adjectives can also function as adverbs These are included only when they have useful sets of synonyms HOMONYMS Certain words have the same spelling but different meanings and different origins etymologies Such words known as homonyms are treated as separate headwords even when they have the same part of speech Homonym numbers are included in order to distinguish identical headwords with the same part of speech for the purposes of cross referencing For example
7. vowel sound follows directly at the beginning of the next word as in far away otherwise the r is omitted For American English all the r sounds should be pronounced x represents a fricative sound as in lox for Scottish loch Irish lough Vowels and diphthongs i see si i happy hepi I sit sit e ten ten cat k t a father fa r D got got British English o Saw 82 U put pot u actual eektfuol u too tu cup kAp w r fur about 3 80 el say ser o ou go goo British English ou go goo American English al my mai 01 boy bor au now nao io near nto r British English eo hair X heo r British English Uo pure X pjoo r British English Many British speakers use o instead of the diphthong og especially in common words so that sure becomes fo r etc The sound p does not occur in American English and words which have this vowel in British pronuncia tion will instead have a or 3 in American English For instance got is gpt in British English but ga t in American English while dog is British dpg American do g The three diphthongs re eo oo are found only in British English In corresponding places American English has a simple vowel followed by r so near is nrr hair is her and pure is pjUr Nasalized vowels marked with may be retained in certain words take
8. HHHHHHHH HH og DUDU HHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH U 0 HHHHHH 11 0 HHHHH N HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH3HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH S HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Unn 17 HHHHHHHHH ROM HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH ROMIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH ROMIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 000000000 ROM HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH 1 7 EI rr 1 u u El a a EJ HHHH EL EI E E u u U gt H D u E EJ CH E H oH z H H 18 1 HHHHHHHH HH
9. dD ID N ss s 6 e Book Readeril 0 00000 00 8 0 0 7 00000 HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH 8 japam BAJA AB DER as _ SN A anto 9 HAE EG H ECH FE atto tot nt 10 HHHHHHHHHH an perpa ke 11 DO0000000000000000000 eee 12 aW Fi AK AA MEI DI EE 13 BEER GME WOME O BBeB Dictionary Viewer for Windows EET EO OG N Neti heats tei 14 OOOO OO DIESE ree e moe e 16 0 0 UD ees 18 E DD nf pa 19 HHHHHHHHHH Ris E pp Dn En hu 21 po00000000000000000000 seese 38 HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH LAN ET ET HHHH HHHH HHHH OOOO HHHHHHHHH ROM HHHHHHHHHHHHH OOO HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH IlHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHH HHHH HHHHHHH HH HHHHH HH HHHHHHHHH Oxford University Press HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHH DD Den HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 6 e Book Readerl 0 0 HHHHHHHHH ROMPHH 1111 111111 HH HHHHHBBeB Dictionary 0 0 0 0 0 0 BBeB DictonaryHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH 1 HHHHHHHHH 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 od HHHHHHH ROMHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OO 2 000000 000000000000000000
10. lt O N Y 3 257 473 01 1 BBCB Dictionary uui 11000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Won D S 2 san uu Ll L3 r3 EL oo oo oo Dic io L3 r3 MEMORY STICK Tu BBEB D004S 2004 Sony Corporation HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH TERES CIO UR ER GL D 4HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ngapaa gagap MD HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH ELSE ER RUE PI FI 90909090000000 0 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH E Eg es a a E a Ext 2 ea 1 E fen a e Des ar KA Ten rna a Ex te ey et mi IECH gt Did AS HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH aj aaan HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH VCCIHHHH BHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH
11. must be used at the end of a phrase Another type of phrasal verb is shown with two stresses The pattern shown in the dictionary with the main stress on the second word is the one which is used when the verb is said on its own or when the verb as a whole is the last important word in a phrase What time are you coming back He made it up Fill them lin But the speaker will put a strong stress on any other important word if it comes later than the verb The stress on the second word of the verb is then weakened or lost especially if it would otherwise be next to the other strong stress This happens whether the important word which receives the strong stress is between the two parts of the phrasal verb or after both of them We came back early I filled in a form Fill this form in If more than one stress pattern is possible or the stress depends on the context no stress is shown Stress in idioms Idioms are shown in the dictionary with at least one main stress unless more than one stress pattern is possible or the stress depends on the context The learner should not change the position of this stress when speaking or the special meaning of the idiom may be lost Tapping of t In American English if a t sound is between two vowels and the second vowel is not stressed the t can be pronounced very quickly and made voiced so that it is like a brief d or the r sound of certain languages Technic
12. H HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH 1110100100 HHHHHHHHHHHH L3 3 E3 p3 F3 HHHHHHHHHHHHHH IlHHHHH e Memory Stick 0 D Memory Stick ROMY HHHHHHHHHH ROMTHHH S HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH e 8665 Dictionary g 0 0 BBEB Dictionary O O 020000000000 e Microsoft WindowsH O O Microsoft Corporation D D HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH B 0000000000000 se UU EU D aen D 0000090000 N s l nHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH AN ooO O00 D 800000000000 000 4 UU NEN Sas 4 JAMA BO EE KA
13. HHH OOOO KONISHI Tomoshichi MINAMIDE Kosei amp Taishukan 2001 2002 HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHH 00000000 2002 HHHHHHHHH EI EI HHHHHH HH ONISHI Tomoshichi 4 ishukan 1998 2002 OO HHHH HHHHHHHHH Tai LJ TI HHHHHHHHH Hidemi MASAMURA 2002 D Un HHHH i 11 HHHH HHHHH HHHHHH unu HHHHHHHHH Tel 03 3294 2355 HHHHHHHHH 19 e HHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000 DU DER on 0000 Oxford Advanced Learner s HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Dictionary Tel 03 3459 6481 Oxford University Press 2000 HHHHHHHH Oxford University Press OOOO The Ox 11111 cise Oxford Thesaurus University Press 1997 LI SH G2 Oxford University Press Oxford 00000000 University Press 0 O D D 20 6 Abbreviations and grammar labels used in the dictionary abbr abbreviation NZE New Zealand English adj adjective pl plural adv adverb pp past participle AmE American English prep preposition AustralE A
14. HHHHHHHHHHH OXFORD o fis ee SOE o 891528 o Ed Copyright _ 1x va 000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 800 000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KON HHHhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH38HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 12 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1100090000 00 000 poese gt BBEB DOOAS HHHHHHHHHHHHHH messe Unn Gull DERE EL CAU 2 00000000 Sooo Dees HHHH BBEB D004SHH resins llHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH pad JE va HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHI HHHH DUDU HHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHH HH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH O00 Oooo J 13 00000 BBeB Dictionary Viewer for Windows O CD ROMHHHHHH 8868 Dictionary Viewer for Windows 000000000000000 0 0000000000 00000 00 89
15. HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 4 000000000000 100000000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 5 100000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 6 000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 7 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 8 000000000000 15 BBeB Dictionary Viewer for Windows HHHHHHHHHHH BBeB Dictionary Viewer for Windows 0 0 0 0 0 1 000000000000 Windows D D O D O 2 HHTHHHHHHHHH ROMTHH Windows XPO 0000000000 ictionary Viewer for WindowsHHH O 0000000000 0 00 USBO OD O BeB Dictionary Viewer for Windows oE a ydav B 0437 LIRA LEDER ee eve contact BERNA line OREO HET 4 EE 1 5668 Dictionary Viewer for Windows HHHHHHHWHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 16 HHHHHHHHH 000000000000 BBeB Dictionary HHHHH 1 I BBeB HHHHHHHH
16. HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHS amp HH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Atad GREL PSE X VERND eat CT BETA TT lx lve rut tl HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 10 UU 1 60 HHHHHHHHHHH HHH6HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OXFORD 5 Ris desi E o FA PES Copyright RAL V2 Jua HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 800 000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH KON HHHHHHHHHHH HHH6HHHHHHHH21HHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHH6HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 11 1 11 1 1 ANAN 11111 111 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHH
17. ally the sound is a tap and can be symbolised by t So Americans can pronounce potato as po tertoo tapping the second t in the word but not the first because of the stress British speakers don t generally do this The conditions for tapping also arise very frequently when words are put together as in not only what etc In this case it doesn t matter whether the following vowel is stressed or not and even British speakers can use taps in this situation though they sound rather casual The glottal stop In both British and American varieties of English a t which comes at the end of a word or syllable can often be pronounced as a glottal stop a silent gap produced by holding one s breath briefly instead of a t For this to happen the next sound must not be a vowel or a syllabic 1 So football can be fo bo l instead of fotbo l and button can be bA5n instead of batn But a glottal stop would not be used for the t sounds in bottle or better because of the sounds which come afterwards 3 THE HEADWORDS The text of the Thesaurus is organized under headwords which are printed in bold type The headwords are listed in strict alphabetical order Many English words have two or more different acceptable spellings in this book the one used is the one regarded as being the most common If two or
18. ample the meaning of the verb to train is shown as to prepare yourself for a particular activity especially a sport Describing objects and substances The definition might refer to the shape and or size of an object Make sure that you know what the following words mean round square circular hollow solid broad narrow Other features of the object might be mentioned 30 appearance simple plain complicated decorative rough smooth pointed colour dark light pale bright coloured colourless According to its function the object might be a container device instrument machine mechanism or tool It might be made of fabric or cloth including cotton wool fur silk metal including iron steel gold silver or glass Material is a general word that means anything that something is made of For example a cushion is a fabric bag filled with soft material and adobe is mud that is used as a building material Matter U is any substance that physically exists used especially when defining more technical words For example a technical meaning of suspension is a liquid with very small pieces of solid matter floating in it A substance may be liquid or solid or it may be a gas REMEMBER a vehicle could be a car lorry truck van or train An aircraft could be a plane or a helicopter Describing food Food and drink are described as bitter sweet salty sour or spicy An amoun
19. boiling fruit with sugar often sold in JARS and spread on bread strawberry jam o recipes for jams and preserves o BrE a jam doughnut compare JELLY MARMALADE pic ture on page A1 MANY PEOPLE VEHICLES 2 C a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people or vehicles in one particular place The bus was delayed in a five mile jam o As fans rushed to leave jams formed at all the exits see also TRAFFIC JAM IE be in a jam informal to be in a difficult situation Im jam to morrow BrE informal good things that are promised for the future but never happen They refused to settle for a promise of jam tomorrow more at MONEY 29 All the definitions in the dictionary are written using a vocabulary of 3000 common words This makes them clear and easy to understand Reading through the following points before you start to use the dictionary will make understanding the definitions even simpler Important The following are used a very large number of times sb somebody someone sth something etc and other things of the same sort For example if you say that some thing is used in books newspapers tc you mean that you are also including magazines and journals particular is used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person thing or type of thing and not others especially is used to give the most common or typical example of something For ex
20. directs you to the main entry ban nis ter BANISTER American English variants and irregular forms of verbs are treated in the same way Some words that are derivatives of other more frequent words do not have their own entry in the dictionary because they can be easily understood from the meaning of the word from which they are derived the root word They are given in the same entry as the root word in a specially marked section dif fi dent difident adj about sth not having much confidence in yourself not wanting to talk about yourself The triangle shows SYN sHY a diffident manner smile o He was modest and where the derivatives diffident about his own success gt dif fi dence dons section begins noun U She overcame her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness gt dif fi dent ly adv 26 Finding the meaning Some words have a lot of possible meanings and the entries for them can be very long It is not usually necessary to read the whole entry from the beginning if you already know something about the context or general meaning you are looking for Meanings that are closely related to each other share the same short cut Short cuts show the general meaning or context of each meaning 1 r al r Fol relief r1 li f noun REMOVAL OF ANXIETY PAIN 1 U sing the feeling of hap piness that you have when sth unplea
21. egian Am American NZ New Zealand Austral Australian Pers Persian dial dialect Pol Polish fml formal Port Portuguese inf informal Rom Roman lit literary Russ Russian Med Medicine S Afr South African Tech Technical fields S Am South American vulg vulgar Scot Scottish Sp Spanish Abbreviations for nationalities Sw Swedish Turk Turkish Afk Afrikaans Afr African Am American Arab Arabic Austral Australian Belg Belgian Brit British Bulg Bulgarian Can Canadian Cz Czech Da Danish Du Dutch Egypt Egyptian Engl English Flem Flemish Finn Finnish Fr French Ger German Gk Greek Icel Icelandic Ind Indian Tr Irish It Italian 41 oe es Ed DS roce RES 22 0570 00 3311 ege PHS 03 5448 3311 FAX OH E 0466 31 2595
22. eneral the synonyms in an entry are separated by commas However there are cases in which the words fall naturally into two or more distinct groups which are separated by a semicolon There are various reasons for subdividing a sense in this way grammatical differences Some of the words may function in a different way from others for example briefing recruits being given their briefing brief information guidance preparation instruc tions directions In this case the words instructions and directions have been grouped separately because they are plural nouns There are other grammatical reasons why synonyms may be split into groups For example the headword may function as both a transitive and intransitive verb whereas some of the synonyms may be intransitive only informal words Words that are not used in standard formal English have been grouped at the end of lists and given the label inf No distinction is made between colloguial informal and slang levels of usage For example babble verb jabber gibber gabble burble chatter mutter mumble prate drivel bleat cackle inf rabbit waffle run on 39 The label inf applies to all the words following in the group restricted usage Synonyms have been separated into labelled groups when they are used in different regions or in particular fields For example baby noun holding a tiny baby infant newborn child babe tiny tot inf
23. enti 10 1 aoo krok AmE aver kla k noun the system of using twenty four numbers to talk about the hours of the day instead of dividing it into two units of twelve hours 24 7 twenti fo sevon AmE fo r adv informal twenty four hours a day seven days a week used to mean all the time She s with me all the time 24 7 3 0 also three D 0ri di noun U the quality of having or appearing to have length width and depth These glasses allow you to see the film in 3 D 35mm 03 tifarv milimi to r AmE 103 rti noun the size of film that is usually used in cameras for taking photographs and making films movies 4x4 fo bar fo AmE fo r bar fo r noun a vehicle with a system in which power is applied to all four wheels making it easier to control 911 nam wan wan the telephone number used in the US to call the police fire or ambulance services in an emergency AmE Call 911 99 inamtiinarn noun BrE an ice cream in a cone with a stick of chocolate in the top 999 nam nam nam the telephone number used in Britain to call the police fire or ambulance services in an emergency BrE Dial 999 EDT 33 equals is the same as does not equal is different from is approximately equal to is more than is less than because therefore correct incorrect used to mark important points called an ASTERISK and called an AMPERSAND BrE HASH AmE POUND SIGN the symbol used fo
24. ion sometimes disapproving loud cheerful and full of energy a hearty and boisterous fellow o a information on usage of adjectives hearty voice handshake 3 only before noun of a meal or sb s APPETITE large making you feel full hearty 29 breakfast o to have a hearty appetite 4 usually before noun showing that you feel strongly about sth He nod ded his head in hearty agreement o Hearty congratula tions to everyone involved o a hearty dislike of sth DI see HALE heartiness noun U verb grammar codes idioms section with special symbol EI phrasal verbs section with special symbol Short notes help you to avoid common errors Build your vocabulary fetch fetj verb 1 especially BrE to go to where sb sth is and bring them it back VN o fetch help a doctor o The inhabitants have to walk a mile to fetch water o She s gone to fetch the kids from school 5 VNN Could you fetch me my bag 2 VN to be sold for a particular price The painting is expected to fetch 10 000 at auction IBI fetch and carry for sb to do a lot of little jobs for sb as if you were their servant fetch up informal especially BrE to arrive somewhere without planning to And then a few years after leaving college he somehow fetched up in Rome exam 19 z m also formal exam in ation noun a for mal written spoken or practical test especially at school o
25. iting for fo r Stress The mark shows the main stress in a word Compare able eibl stressed on the first syllable with ability o biloti stressed on the second A stressed syllable is relatively loud long in duration said clearly and distinctly and made noticeable by the pitch of the voice Longer words may have one or more secondary stresses coming before the main stress These are marked with as in abbreviation 9 bri vi erfn agricultural agr kaltforol They feel like beats in a rhythm leading up to the main stress Weak stresses coming after the main stress in a word can sometimes be heard but they are not marked in this dictionary When two words are put together in a phrase the main stress in the first word may shift to the place of the secondary stress to avoid a clash between two stressed syllables next to each other For instance after noon has the main stress on noon but in the phrase afternoon tea the stress on noon is missing i Well known has the main stress on known but in the phrase well known actor the stress on known is missing 36 Stress in phrasal verbs One type of phrasal verb has a single strong stress on the first word Examples are come to sth go for sb look at sth This stress pattern is kept in all situations and the second word is never stressed If the second word is one which normally appears in a weak form remember that the strong form
26. lling to get rid of sth or stop doing sth label giving information about usage Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent o He had one last hope to cling on to o She managed to cling on to life for another couple of years fixed form of noun dock dnk AmE da k noun verb noun 1 C a part of a port where ships are repaired or where goods are put onto or taken off them dock workers information on different types of noun o a dock strike 0 The ship was in dock see also DRY DOCK 2 docks pl a group of docks in a port and the ildings around them that are used for repairing ships 5 storing goods C AME JETTY 4 C Ame a common phrase in bold type in example with extra explanation in brackets raised platform for loading vehicles or trains 5 C the part of a court of law where the person who has been accused of a crime stands or sits during a trial He s been in the dock on trial for a crime several times already U a wild plant of Northern Europe with large thick word not in the defining vocabulary leaves that can be rubbed on skin that has been stung by NETTLES to make it less painful dock leaves hearty ha ti AmE hazrti adj noun comparatives and superlatives of adjectves given m adj heart ier hearti est 1 usually before noun showing friendly feeli or sb a hearty greeting recep t
27. n from French as in penchant p5 5 cog au vin pk oo v amp Syllabic consonants The sounds 1 and n can often be syllabic that is they can form a syllable by themselves without a vowel There is a syllabic 1 in the usual pronunciation of middle midl and a syllabic n in sudden sadn Weak vowels i and u The sounds represented by i and 1 must always be made different as in heat hi t compared with hit hit The symbol i represents a vowel that can be sounded as either i or 1 or as a sound which is a compromise between them In a word such as happy hzpi younger speakers use a quality more like i but short in duration When i is followed by 9 the sequence can also be pronounced jo So the word dubious can be dju bios or dju bjos In the same way the two vowels represented u and u must be kept distinct but u represents a weak vowel that varies between them If u is followed directly by a consonant sound it can also be pronounced as o So stimulate can be stimjuleit or stimjoleit ED 35 Weak forms and strong forms Certain very common words for example at and for can have two pronunciations We give the usual weak pronunciation first The second pronunciation strong must be used if the word is stressed and also generally when the word is at the end of a sentence For example I m waiting for fo r a bus What are you wa
28. other but different pronunciations and completely different meanings The small homonym number shows that this is the first of 2 headwords spelled punt Different pronunciation is given at each headword punt pant noun verb see also PUNT 1 a long shallow boat with a flat bottom and are ends which is moved by pushing the end of a long pole against the bottom of a river picture at BOAT 2 BrE informal a bet The investment is little more than a punt 3 in rugby or American football a long kick made after dropping the ball from your hands m verb 1 to travel in a punt especially for pleasure V We spent the day punting on the river o to go punting also VN 2 VN to kick a ball hard so that it goes a long ay sometimes after it has dropped from your hands ant before it reaches the ground punt 7pont noun the unit of money in the Republic of Ireland to be replaced by the euro see also PUNT ED 25 There are also some words in English that have more than one possible spelling or form when both spellings or forms are acceptable Information about these words is given at the most frequent spelling or form The variant spelling is ban is ter also ban nis ter baniste r noun BrE given in brackets also ban is ters pl the posts and rail at the side of a staircase to hold on to the banister banisters At the entry for the less frequent spelling a cross reference
29. r college to see how much you know about a subject or what you can do to take an exam o formal to sit an exam o to pass fail an exam o BrE to mark an exam o AmE to grade an exam o an exam paper o I got my exam results today o BrE She did well in her exams o AmE She did well on her exams A lot of stu dents suffer from exam nerves o He s practising hard for his piano exam Use take do sit an exam not triteamexam The dictionary also contains a lot of information that will help you increase your vocabulary and use the language productively Special symbols show synonyms and opposites stable sterbl adj noun verb m adj 1 firmly fixed not likely to move change or fail SYN STEADY stable prices employment This ladder doesn t seem very stable o The patient s condition is stable it is not getting worse 2 of a person calm and reasonable not easily upset SYN BALANCED Mentally she is not very stable 3 technical of a sub stance staying in the same chemical or ATOMIC state chemically stable OPP UNSTABLE sta bly sterbli adv Cross references refer you to information in other parts of the dictionary Compare refers you to another word with a contrasted meaning See also refers you to another word with a similar or related meaning jam d3zem noun verb m noun SWEET FOOD 1 U C a thick sweet substance made by
30. r example on telephones and in addresses in the US DITTO the same word as above at 1009 mt on an envelope care of You address a letter to a person care of sb else when the place you are sending it to is not their permanent home pound sterling dollar euro copyright information parking male female used on the packaging of products to show that they are made from recycled materials that have been used once then treated so that they can be used again or to show that they can be recycled after use Pronunciation and phonetic symbols The British pronunciations given are those of younger speakers of General British This includes RP Received Pronunciation and a range of similar accents which are not strongly regional The American pronunciations chosen are also as far as possible the most general not associated with any particular region If there is a difference between British and American pronunciations of a word the British one is given first with AmE before the American pronunciation Consonants p pen pen s see 5 b bad bed z zoo zu t tea ti shoe fu d dd dd 3 vision visn k cat ket h hat het g get get m man men 34 tf chain tfem n now nao ds jam dgem 9 sing sin f fal fo l 1 leg leg v van ven r red red 0 thin 0m j yes jes 6 this Gs w wet wet The symbol r indicates that British pronunciation will have r only if a
31. relaxed or unofficial situation They are not appropriate for formal situations Examples are dodgy party pooper zap ironic language uses words to mean the opposite or something very different from the meaning they seem to have as in You re a great help I must say no help at all literary language is used mainly in literature and imaginative writing for example aflame halcyon serpentine offensive expressions are used by some people to address or refer to people in a way that is very insulting especially in connection with their race religion sex or disabilities for example mulatto slut cretin They should be avoided rare words exist in English but are not commonly used Sometimes there is a more frequent form of the word that is usually used instead For example illumine means the same as illuminate but is much less frequent slang is very informal language mainly used in speaking and sometimes restricted to a particular group of people for example people of the same age or those who have similar interests or do the same job Examples are dosh and dweeb spoken expressions are used mainly in informal conversations for example Give me a break or Don t ask technical language is used by people who specialize in a particular subject area Written expressions are used mainly in written language for example groundswell hotfoot vis vis A Taboo words are likely to be thought by many people
32. s TM shows registered trademarks that belong to manufacturing companies even though the expressions may be commonly used in speech and writing for example Band Aid Frisbee Vegeburger Linking verbs V ADJ verb adjective His voice sounds hoarse V N verb noun phrase Elena became a doctor VN ADJ verb noun phrase adjective She considered herself lucky verb noun phrase noun phrase They elected him president VN N Verbs used with clauses or phrases V that verb that clause V that He said that he would prefer to walk VN that verb noun phrase that clause VN that Can you remind me that I need to buy some milk verb wh clause I wonder what the job will be like V wh ESI 23 VN wh verb noun phrase wh V to inf clause I asked him where the hall was verb to infinitive The goldfish need to be fed VN to inf verb noun phrase to VN inf 24 infinitive He was forced to leave the keys verb noun phrase infinitive without to Did you hear the phone ring verb ing phrase She never stops talking VN ing verb noun phrase ing phrase His comments set me thinking V ing Verbs direct speech V speech verb direct speech It s snowing she said VN speech verb noun phrase direct speech Tom s coming to lunch she told him Key to dictionary entries Finding the word
33. s you can guickly find the meaning you want 27 Using the word The entries in this dictionary contain a lot more than just the meanings of words They show you how to use pronunciation with the word in your own speaking and writing American pronunciation where it is different aard vark a dva k AmE a rdva rk noun an animal from southern Africa that has a long nose and tongue and that eats insects bird of paradise noun pl birds of paradise a Stress marks show stress on compounds bird with very bright feathers found mainly in New Guinea Irregular forms of verbs with their pronunciation Irregular plurals of nouns are also given cling klm verb clung clung klan V 1 on to sb sth on together to hold on tightly to sb sth sur vivors clinging to a raft o She clung onto her baby o Cling on tight o They clung together shivering with cold 2 prepositions adverbs and Structures that can be used with this word to sth to stick to sth a dress that clings fits closely and shows the shape of your body o The wet shirt clung to his chest o The smell of smoke still clung to her clothes 3 to sb usually disapproving to stay close to sb especially because you are emotionally dependent on examples of use in italic type them After her mother s death Sara clung to her aunt more than ever cling to sth cling on to sth to be unwi
34. s and practices can make a whole system especially a political or economic system such as capitalism 32 1040 form fo ti fo m AmE fo rti fo rm noun in the US an official document in which you give details of the amount of money that you have earned so that the government can calculate how much tax you have to pay 12 twelv noun in Britain a label that is given to a film movie to show that it can be watched legally only by people who are at least twelve years old a film movie that has this label can take the kids too it s a 12 15 fif ti n noun in Britain a label that is given to a film movie to show that it can be watched legally only by people who are at least fifteen years old a film movie that has this label 18 jei ti n noun in Britain a label that is given to a film movie to show that it can be watched legally only by people who are at least eighteen years old a film movie that has this label 18 wheeler erti n wirlo r noun AmE a very large truck with nine wheels on each side 20 20 vision itwenti twenti visn noun the ability to see perfectly without using glasses or CONTACT LENSES 2 1 itu wan noun the upper level of the second highest standard of degree given by a British or an Australian university got a 2 1 2 2 tu tu noun the lower level of the second highest standard of degree given by a British or an Australian university 24 hour clock itw
35. sant stops or does not happen a sense of relief o We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left o She sighed with relief Much to my relief the car was not damaged o News of their safety came as a great relief o It was a relief tp be able to talk to someone about it o What a relief 2 U from of sth the act of removing or reducing pain anxiety etc modern methods of pain relief o the relief of misery poverty suffering HELP 3 U food money medicine etc that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or nat ural disaster famine relief o a relief agency organiza tion worker 4 U especially AmE financial help given by the government to people who need it ON TAX 5 U TAK RELIEF relief on mortgage interest payments STH DIFFERENT 6 sing from sth something that is interesting or enjoyable that replaces sth boring diffi cult or unpleasant for a short period of time a few moments of light relief in an otherwise dull performance o There was little comic relief in his speech o The calm of the countryside came as a welcome relief from the hustle and bustle of city lif WORKERS 7 C sing pl v often used as an adjective a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick The next crew relief comes on duty at 9 o clock o relief drivers By looking down the left hand side of the entry and just reading the short cut
36. sprog Scots bairn Med neonate A list of labels used in the Thesaurus is given later SUB ENTRIES Verb phrases are included as sub entries under a main entry For example call call out in pain cry cry out shout exclaim call for this calls for a celebration need require be grounds for call off call off the dogs order off order away CROSS REFERENCES Cross reference to main entries is indicated by small capitals Where necessary the part of speech and sense number are also given For example barbaric adjective See BARBARIAN adjective 1 40 TABLES Tables have been included throughout the book to give additional informa tion for certain entries These typically consist of lists of words that while not strictly synonyms of the headword are associated with it in some way For example at dam a table of notable dams is given at knife a list of types of knife is shown References to the tables are given at the ends of entries For example dam noun a river dam See table machete noun See table at KNIFE Certain headwords only refer to tables i e there are no synonyms given For example ballet noun See table ANTONYMS Many entries contain a list of opposites For example dally verb Opposites HURRY HASTEN Words in small capitals are cross references to other entries The following labels have been used Jap Japanese in the text Mex Mexican Norw Norw
37. t of a food prepared in a particular way and served at a meal is called a dish Describing people People or human beings are male or female adults or children They their behaviour or their attitude could be friendly bad tempered aggressive honest dishonest sincere calm anxious nervous pleasant unpleas ant intelligent stupid polite or rude The way or manner in which somebody does something may be important People do things deliberately or on purpose they mean to do it or accidentally or by mistake they do not mean to do it Somebody may have or show a quality or feeling such as respect interest pleasure skill emotion excitement enthusiasm sympathy courage or determination Or they may show a lack of one of these qualities or a desire to do some thing Describing organizations An organization may be a business a company an institution a club or a group of people who work together for a particular aim The people who lead an organization a government or society can be called people in authority Describing actions An event may be a ceremony a festival or a celebration It could be public private official or social An Occasion is a time when something happens For example a referendum is an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue Something that somebody does or something that happens may be described as an act an action an activi
38. to be obscene or shocking and you should avoid using them Examples are bloody and shit The following labels show other restrictions on the use of words AmE describes expressions spellings and pronunciations used in American English and not in British English for example bleachers blindside blooper BrE describes expressions used in British English and not in American 22 English for example jumble sale agony aunt chinwag dialect describes expressions that are mainly used in particular regions of the British Isles not including Scotland or Ireland for example beck nowt old fashioned expressions are passing out of current use for example balderdash beanfeast blithering old use describes expressions that are no longer in current use for example ere hearken perchance saying describes a well known fixed or traditional phrase such as a proverb that is used to make a comment give advice etc for example actions speak louder than words and it s all Greek to me Intransitive verbs V verb used alone A large dog appeared V adv prep verb adverb or preposi tional phrase A group of swans floated by Transitive verbs VN verb noun phrase Jill s behaviour annoyed me VN adv prep verb noun phrase adverb or prepositional phrase He kicked the ball into the net Transitive verbs two objects VNN verb noun phrase noun phrase I gave Sue a book for Christma
39. ty or a process a series of connected actions When a noun is very closely linked to a verb it may be defined in terms of the verb as the act action activity process of For example one of the meanings of achievement is the act or process of achieving sth Your experience U is the things you have done and the knowledge you have gained an experience C is something that has happened to you For example cosmopolitan means having or showing wide experience of people and things Conversion is the process or experience of changing your religion Things happen repeatedly several times one after the other continuously without stopping occasionally or rarely not very often 31 Describing situations A matter C is a subject or situation that you must consider or deal with For example a case is a matter that is being officially investigated State and condition are both used to describe how something or somebody looks or is physically or mentally A medical condition is a particular health problem that somebody has A situation that exists or a habit or practice that somebody has can be described as the fact of or the practice of For example gender is the fact of being male or female Describing ideas A strong opinion can be called a belief A set of beliefs can be a theory about a particular subject Some actions are the expression of particular ideas A set of belief
40. ustralian English pron pronoun BrE British English pt past tense C countable noun sb somebody conj conjunction ScotE Scottish English det determiner sing singular etc et cetera and so on sth something IrishE Irish English symb symbol n noun U uncountable noun NorthE Northern English v verb Symbols used in the dictionary replaces the headword of an entry A taboo see Labels below m shows new part of speech in an DII idiom s section of an entry entry phrasal verb s section of an gt derivative s section of an entry entry Labels used in the dictionary The following labels are used with words that express a particular attitude or are appropriate in a particular situation approving expressions show that you feel approval or admiration for example dispassionate feisty petite disapproving expressions show that you feel disapproval or contempt for example blinkered faceless jumped up figurative language is language that is used in a non literal or metaphori cal way as in He didn t want to cast a shadow on spoil their happiness formal expressions are usually only used in serious or official language and would not be appropriate in normal everyday conversation Examples are admonish juncture withhold humorous expressions are intended to be funny for example impecu nious warpaint and not a dry eye in the house informal expressions are used between friends or in a
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BBEB D004S