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東北工業大学紀要（I：理工学編第32号）

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26. 7 p CHIEX 2 J p Glp 5 2 e Xin 1 XO p 0 5 BE fA o A 1 pi dpi fy pi pI pi A 2 4 DN 2 L3 L4 5 L6 2 Ws X WA ikma 2005 2007 V Grimm and S F Railsback Individual based modelling and ecology Princeton University Press Princeton 2005 D J T Sumpter and D S Broomhead Relating individual behaviour to population dynamics Proc R Soc B Vol 268 pp 925 932 2001 A Johansson and D J T Sumpter From local in teractions to population dynamics in sitebased models of ecology Theor Popul Biol Vol 64 pp 497 517 2003 A Br nns
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51. we p NO a ens uate a rite qo JE Pe 2011 10 2 Comparison between the results of scar and smoke detections Was As a result it was cleared that fires would occur this year from the scar which appears in October of M BAe Bull Sok ets Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR 7 9 BEEN KKE AGB ROW
52. ISEC2007 96 OIS2007 68 2007 11 3 AIR AEE ITE Technical Report Vol 20 No 41 PP 19 24 1996 4 WALE BRORMICHENA MMA 51 11 pp 861 868 1995 5 53 3 pp 185 191 1997 6 fr s 2007 7 3 10 7 pp 117 118 2009 09 8 VU eine I 30 pp 107 114 2010 03 9
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79. 4 F 2006 2007 5 S F 2007 2009 Y 47 7 E P i Analysis of Fire Scar and Smoke in the Russian Far East Region in the Passed Seven Years Koichi KAWANO and Naoyuki KOMATSU Abstract In this paper we proposed smoke and scar detection methods and analyzed seven year data of the Russian Far East by using NOAA AVHRR images As a result of the analysis scars have been detected in April and October and smoke has been detected in around May every year by the scar which appears in October of the previous year In addition occurrence of a fire is affected The spot of the scar burns again next spring be cause the vegetation of the scar recovers in May Moreover a forest fire occurs every year in the territories of Khabarovsk and the Zeya River made the previous year 1
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81. 9 y21 T x2 So 2 x s2 X gt 1 2 1 2 Da genial 1 YX B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 99 B II Vol 31 pp 57 67 2011 P Turchin Complex population dynamics cal empirical synthesis Princeton University Press 2003 R M C May and A R McLean Theoretical ecology principles and applications Oxford University Press 2007 RE E a theoreti
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96. i a A Selon S X 1 K Kawano M Makano and J Kudoh The long term analysis of forest fire in the Russian Far East IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Vol 3 pp 1800 1802 2005 2 5 2003 3 A Rowell and PE Moore Global review of forest 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 fires AWWF IUCN Report 2000 K Kawano J Kudoh and S Makino Forest Fire De tection in Far East Region of Russia by Using NOAA AVHRR Images IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Vol 2 pp 858 860 1999 K Kawano and J Kudoh Forest Fire Smoke Analy sis in Far East Russia IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Vol 7 pp 4462 4464 2004 K Kawano H Iwabuchi and J Kudoh Monitoring of Forest Fires in Far East Russia IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Vol 4 pp 2060 2062 2002 E d NOAA AVHRR
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99. http entcog c ooco jp entcog contents lecture date 5 yoshizoe pdf http www is titech ac jp sassa lab papers written 09M37086 oikawa pdf A Fo HE c WE 77 Bs sk sk sk The Experimental Study on Frequency Band Contributing the Speaker Recognition using Spectral Amplitude of Isolated Vowels Haruhiko SHINOMIYA Hideaki KOGA and Atsushi SATO Abstract To use voice for biometrics authentication voice frequency band which contains useful individualities is important tigated by speaker identification rate peaks was used as speech feature higher frequency band 1 TT T amp 5l lt oo aL
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104. 1998 we 2005 E Chesson Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics Vol 31 pp 343 366 2000 S Hartley and B Shorrocks A general framework for the aggregation model of coexistence Journal of Animal Ecology Vol 71 pp 651 662 2002 n zi 40 1965 2 I 40 3 43 7 ELM 4 II 43 12 55 3 A F 6 1 1 76 II 56 3 1 DD 2 1 Bibliographical Notes on
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107. 2000 2 85 Zn Content Dependence of Exciton Binding Energy in CdS Zn Cd _ S Multiple Quantum Wells Chikara ONODERA Masaaki YOSHIDA Toshiyuki ONODERA and Tadayoshi SHOJI Abstract We calculated the exciton binding energy in CdS Zn Cd _ S multiple quantum wells The calculated exciton binding energies for x 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 are greater than the longitudinal optical phonon energy It would expect that the exciton in CdS Zn Cd _ S MQWs exists stably at room temperature The tendencies of exciton transition energies calculated by us are consistent with the photoluminescence peak energies measured by experiments 1 Introduction Currently GaN based alloys are primary materials used for the fabrication of blue green laser diodes LDs However the crystalline structure of AlGaAs based AlGaInP based semiconductors used in 780 nm 650 nm LDs differs from that of GaN based semiconductors used in blue LDs On the other hand the optical band gap of CdS Zn Cd S strained layer superlattices SLSs on GaAs substrates can be tuned from green to blue by adjusting the zinc Zn content x and the well width L Therefore CdS based blue LDs can be employed in combination with AlGaAs and AlGaInP LDs for the fabrication of monolithically inte grated multiwavelength LDs on GaAs substrates Exciton binding energy in II VI semiconductor quantum wells QWs is typically enhanced by a factor of 1 5 2 because of quantu
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121. TE LOA RET JE Hp GL dr EF Influence to Residual Aluminum 1n Treated Water by Changing pH of Raw Water Hiroyuki ESASHI Kouichi SAITO Toshiyuki KITADA and Hiroshi KONNO Abstract The relation between the changing of pH of raw water and turbidity the removal rate of sedimentation and the influence to residual aluminium in treated water by pH changing of raw water are studied by the references for water treatment plant and experiment for coagulation sedimentation Cleared points are as follows 1 The pH of raw water is changed by photosynthesis in case average turbidity of raw water is less than 20 degree h 2 The range of changing pH is around 0 2 to 0 8 in F water treatment plant 3 The removal rate of sedimentation goes down in case turbidity lt 5 degree and pH gt 7 of raw water 4 Incase of changing pH to alkali side the coagulant dosage have to be adjusted correspond to the change of pH for protection of decreasing the removal rate and going up the residual aluminum 1 HR STOA Fk N M N 8 M 2 N 15 km
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128. JN su edo E MN Laer ut g 94 Mbps 2 50 is OFDM E E 30 8 9 A 20 OY TT A EEE802 11b 11 Mbps 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year Figure 7 Wireless Communication Technologies mends international roaming and the realization of 2 Mbps communication speed throughput The data throughput of 2nd generation devices with PDC etc is 9 6 kbps upload and 9 6 kbps or 27 8 kbps download and the throughput of 3rd generation devices with W CDMA is 64 kbps upload and greater than 200 kbps download 2 High Speed Wireless LAN Figure 7 shows the relation among the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE standards 802 11a 11b and 11g The standards 802 11b maximum 11 Mbps and 11g maximum 54 Mbps both use the 2 4 GHz communication band and 802 11a maximum 54 Mbps uses the 5 GHz band Recently products supporting 11g have become more generally available The 11a and 11g standards use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ODFM as a modulation and coding method OFDM technologies show a high level of quality for single cell environments such as sur face wave digital broadcasting and wireless local area networks The development of multi carrier code di vision multiple access systems is enabling OFDM to also be used in multi cell and multi user environ ments Technical problems of OFDM include high power consumption and multi path error effec
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135. Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology The format of this journal has been substantially revised two times since its initial publication in 1965 I March 1965 uly 1968 A total of 4 annual issues were published under the title of Bulletin of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Il December 1968 March 1980 A total of 76 monographs were published unperiodically These were classified under six fields of research lettered A through F The starting date and the number of the monographs differ for each field III March 1981 to date The present series is published annually under the title of Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology and consists of two separate volumes Ser I Science and Engineering and Ser II Humanities and Social Sciences Publications are numbered consecutively within each of the above formats 2012 24 3 31 1 32 Z w I 982 8577 35 1 E ome i Ee Ml T 984 0011 8 45 MEMOIRS OF THE TOHOKU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 March 2012 CONTENTS An Inequality about the Class Number of Imaginary Quadratic Fields ee T SHIMADA A
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141. H1 and H2 respectively and we call these oribitals Branch 1 The unit cell contains the two bases around the car bon cite Or and Os The c14 cp are the Carbon 2s 2p hybridized orbitals of the carbon atom in the basis 1 Similarly co4 c p are those of the carbon atom in the basis 2 12 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 basis 1 Oda y Figure 3 The definition of the fundamental position of atoms and the coordinate system for CH CH polymer unit For the C H bond in CH CH unit cell we consider the contributions from c1a cip cop and czc states and call these states Branch 2 Considering the contributions from cip cic cza and cop states for the C C bond we call these states Branch 3 Small contributions from the localized Cls states are neglect ed in our calculation Each hybridized orbital is given by hoia ti n ro n 0s n o 1 2 doa n 7 Le n o n s n 9 n 2 23 derclti e n 0 n 9 n 0 n 2 ks n e n s n 0r 0 4 n 2 here the vector 7 is the position vector at an arbitrary point from the origin O1 and Analysis of Compton B z Function of Polyethylene Polymer by LCAO Fourter Transformation Model K UMEDA T KOBAYASI K KOBAYASHI and H SAKURAI 13 Goan r 05 t Mp r O 6 s 7 2 Peon 7 g 9 Ves n ns Pp 7 2 24
142. T engine 4 is now available as a hardware platform for network consumer terminals in the ubiquitous information era T engine operates using the TRON operating system OS wiTron is widely used in car navigation terminals owing to its real time processing ability 4 COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE 4 1 Wireless Communication Infrastructure In the wireless communications area the competition among various R amp D divisions is vigorous and car riers activities have become aggressive 1 Mobile Wireless Figure 6 shows the trend in cellular telephones from the 1st to the 3rd generation standard The 3rd generation standards fulfill the specifications of the International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 recom mendations guidelines developed by the International Telecommunication Union ITU The ITU recom Ist 2nd 2 54 3rd Generation Generation Generation Generation Analog or Analog Digital High quality Fast and BB Digital digital digital Speech data Appli communications Moving image cations enhanced Figure 6 Cellular Mobile Portable Telephone Trends BB broadband PDC personal digital cellular GSM global system for mobile communica tions W CDMA wideband code division multiple access CDMA2000 1x KDDI 144 kbps PDC Japan W CDMA GSM Europe NTTDoCoMo and USA 384 kbps 30 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 an 100 HHR nas a ecd In
143. experimental result it has been tried to introduce charge transfer parameters reflecting potential interaction effect among orbitals 1 Introduction For many years the Compton scattering of X and or y ray has been used to study the electronic struc ture of atomic molecular and solid state systems 1 7 Compton profile function CP g to be experimentally obtained is defined given by the double integral of the electron momentum density p q as follows 7 9 ff o a da da 1 where qx and q are the Cartesian components of the momentum q and q lies along the scattering of pho tons The CP function can be connected to the function of autocorrelation between constituting electronic wave functions as shown in 2 This nature gives us a powerful means to analyze experimental CP We define the Fourier inversion transform B r of momentum density which is often called the Compton scatter ing B r function by l 7 B r 2 0 a e 2 q where Q is the volume of the system One dimensional Fourier transform of B z can be connected to CP as follows Received Oct 19 2011 Professor Center of General Education Professor Dept of Radiological Technology Niigata University Postdoctoral fellow Advanced Technology Research Center Gunma University Professor Dept of Production Science and Technology Gunma University 8 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and
144. 0 68 and 0 71 on L where the photoluminescence PL peak energies measured for a CdS Zn Cd1_ S MQW for x 0 68 at a constant barrier width of 2 1 nm and a CdS Zn Cd _ 5 MQW for x 0 71 at a constant barrier width of 1 7 nm are also plotted The transition energies of the heavy hole exciton decrease with in crease in L because the electron heavy hole subband energies decrease with increasing in L The heavy hole exciton transition energy for x 0 68 is lower than that for x 0 71 because the electron heavy hole subband energies for x 0 68 are lower than those for x 0 71 where the conduction and valence band off sets for x 0 68 are lower than those for x 0 71 The changes in the transition energies of the heavy hole excitons with L for x 0 68 and 0 71 are essentially similar For wide wells the heavy hole exciton transi tion energies increase slightly because the bandgap energy in CdS well increases owing to the induced com pressive strain The PL peak energies measured experimentally are considerably higher than those calculated by us The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental data could be a result of the well width fluc tuation The tendencies of our calculated results are consistent with the experimental results Further re search is necessary for a fair comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental results 4 Summary We calculated the exciton binding energy in CdS Zn Cd _ S MQWs Calculated
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147. Assume m 1 mod 4 The inequality 0 lt b lt kNo 2 k 2 e 4 means 0 x b x 2No 2 when k 2 Let0 x b x 2No 2 and a b be principal with some divisor a 1 lt a lt N b of N b c By virtue of Lemmas 1 2 and 5 k 2 we have 1 and b No 4 4 with some Z since tt lt 0 from the proof of Lemma 2 Because b is a rational integer replacing l by 2 we get b No I 1 Z 51 0 which does not belong to the set S Thus no one ideal a b o 1 lt a lt N b is principal for allb S Then Lemma 4 proves our theorem Next assume m 2 3 mod 4 The inequality 0 lt b x kNo 12 k 2 e 4 means 0 x b x 2No lwhenk 2 Ifl b o 1 a Nb 0 0x b x 2No 1 is principal b No 1y4 with some Z Replacing by 2 1 we getb No P 1 Z 912z0 S Thus our theorem is proved by Lemma 4 Remark Suppose that b 0 Z never has the form of No F ne 1 4n with 7 0 Z andn N Then Lemma 2 and Lemma 4 imply hx b When we define px px a new edition of to be the maximum of with b runs over all the numbers described above then we have hx p g This is also a generalization of Theorem C 4 Another proof of a result of J Cohen and J Sonn In their work 1 J Cohen and J Sonn proved the following Corollary by using the class numbers and Theorem A And further they wrote that it would be inte
148. Engineering No 32 2012 B z 2 e 7 dq 3 The experimental B z functions for various directions of r are used to be sensitive tests for theoretical wave functions of electronic states Recently X and y ray Compton scattering experiments have been attempted on polymer system for ex ample polyethylene and have provided useful information on the electronic momentum density 6 It is very interesting to investigate the electronic structure of CH CH polymer whether to be interpreted well in a linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO We analyze the experimental result of lt obtained by coau thors K Kobayashi and H Sakurai first by the autocorrelation in a simple LCAO model based on hybridized Carbon sp and Hydrogen 1s orbitals Next to improve the model it is tried to introduce parameters cor responding to charge transfer effect due to the potential interactions among orbitals 2 Structure Model of Polyethylene Polymer The structure of polyethylene PE has been investigated experimentally by X y ray diffraction or neu tron scattering These experiments show that the PE has the structure of a zigzag chain of CH as shown in Fig 1 In the recent experiment 8 the values of the bond length and angles are measured as giv enin Table 1 As discussed below we take the four Carbon 2s 2p hybridized orbitals for the C C and C H bonds and Hydrogen 1s orbital As shown in Fig 1 we take a set of CCH CH as a
149. Fire Detection System for Northeast Asian Region IEEE International Geoscience and Re mote Sensing Symposium Vol 7 pp 4456 4458 2004 57 WIL HE OR GEN d dett The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Damage and Restoration of Network Information Infrastructures by Information Network Center Masahiro MATSUDA Eisuke KUDOH and Kazunobu MURAOKA Abstract A massive earthquake of magnitude of 9 0 occurred Friday 11 March 2011 off the Pacific coast of the Tohoku Region of the Japanese causing devastating damages The massive earthquake causes strong shaking and the high tsunami flocked at the Pacific coast The Tohoku Institute of Technology suffered damage caused by the earthquake too By a blackout Network information infrastructures stopped The Information Net work Center of Tohoku Institute of Technology began the restoration of information systems after the earth quake occurrence immediately In this paper described events from the earthquake occurrence of March 11 to aftershock outbreak of April 7 Information system in our university recovered rapidly after the earthquake because there are highly skilled technicians who can start the recovery process without help of any outside suppliers Ed 1 B E 23 4E 3 H 11 H 14 46 TAZE e ES E
150. I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 1 0 0 8 ch2 C Hbond_C2s 2p 3 0 6 EN iN 0 4 B z 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 z a u Figure 4 Theoretical lt curve of each elementary wave function mained The experimental curve is decrease more rapidly with increase of z than the one of the present LCAO model As reasons of the discrepancy between the experiment result and the above simple model we consider three possibilities First the present theoretical model is the simplified one dimensional model along the c axis we do not consider the detail structure of the PE polymer on the a b axis plane Second the experi mentally observed PE structure has the electronic bond structure around Carbon atom slightly deviated from the configuration of Carbon 2s 2p hybridized orbital of Ta symmetry which we assumed Third in our sim plified crystal model we have not consider so far the potential interaction among the orbitals namely it 1s the so called empty lattice model only putting wave functions on atom sites with no interaction To reproduce a better agreement with the behavior of experimental B z we have tried to take into ac count the effect of the charge transfers among the orbitals by changing the weight of contribution of each branch introducing weight parameter into Eq 20 This is one of effective methods for taking the electronic potential effects which are usually treated by the band structure ca
151. Inves tigation of algal born organic substances and their ef fect on water treatment Proceedings of the Japanese German Workshop on Weste Water and Sludge Treat ment pp 583 637 1982 2 Bernhardt H Hoyer O Schell H Liise B Reac tion mechanisms involved in influence of algogenic organic matter on flocculation Z Wasser Abwasser Forsch 18 pp 18 30 1985 3 Bernhardt H Hoyer O Liise B Schell H tigations on the influence of algal derived organic substances on flocculation and filtration in Treatment Inves of Drinking Water for Organic Contaminants Huck PH Hoyer Toft P ed Pergason Press pp 185 216 1986 4 Bernhardt H Schell H Hoyer O Liise B Inful ence of Algogenic Oganic Substances on Flocculation and Filtration WISA pp 41 57 1991 5 Takaara T Sano D Konno H Omura T Affinity Isolation of Algal Organic Matters Able to Form Com plex with Aluminium Coagulant Proc of IWA Inter national Conference Morrocco 2004 6 7 8 9 10 pH 21 pp 51 52 1987 Chlorella sp
152. MAX FOF MINI MAX 1 3 hm1 m4 hm2 1rm3 hm3 m3 hm4 m2 hyl yA Rhy2 ry3 hy3 y3 hyA y2 3 hml 4 3 000 hm2 998 hm3 3 140 hm4 2
153. an enough convergence and the property of B R 0 was ensured well 4 Results and Discussion We applied this LCAO Fourier Transformation model in order to analyze our recent experimental B z data of PE along c axis In Fig 4 the theoretical B z curves of each elementary wave function of LCAO are shown where the curves are grouped to 3 types Type 1 indicated as Branch 1 Hls in Fig 4 is the curve from each Hydrogen 1s orbital of hydrogen atom H1 H2 H1 and H2 Type 2 Branch 2 C H bond _ C2s 2p in Fig 4 is the curve from each ci4 cp dcop and csc orbitals in C H bonds Type3 Branch 3 C C bond C2s 2p in Fig 4 is the curve from each cip cic czA and csp orbitals in C C bonds The theoretical curves are normalized to one atz 0 As shown in Fig 4 the behaviors of Branch 1 and Branch 2 are very similar each other the shape of Branch 3 curve from the electron in C C bonding 1s different but 1s most similar to the experimental data as shown later Because four electrons belong to each branch we give the theoretical B z function as the sum of three type curves in equal weight In Fig 5 the experimental 5 z and our theoretical results are shown The experimental curves is also normalized to one atz 0 The theoretical curve obtained by LCAO based on sp hybridized orbitals can reproduce overall trend of experimental data but the discrepancies are re 14 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser
154. for embedded soft ware To implement the Julius software on the T Engine a hardware modification was performed to achieve a 16 kHz sampling frequency and analog noise reduction 5 3 Embedded Julius We developed an embedded version Julius called Embedded Julius Table 2 shows the specifications of the version of Embedded Julius implemented on the T Engine To verify that real time processing had been realized two specifications were tested We found that real time processing ability could be obtained for a vocabulary of up to 10 000 words 6 Itech1 ULSI Systems Co Utd En Co Ltd 2002 NL J Copr 4 Hi tachi USI Systems le Lj 3 B j N Ij g m E 4 Figure 8 T engine PCB Printed Circuit Board Tablel T engine Specifications SuperH SH 4 240 MHz 430 MIPS CPU 8 MB Flash Memory Universal Serial Bus Host PCMCIA Card Serial Headphone Output Microphone Input Liquid Input Output I F i Crystal Display LCD I F Extended bus I F etc Thin Film Transistor Color Monitor 240 x 320 Pixels LCD PCB in Fi Size 120 mm X 75 mm 32 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 Table 2 Embedded Julius Specifications Vocabulary Size 5 000 10 000 Acoustic Models Monophone Triphone Polynomial Texture Mapping Language Models Bigram Trigram Unchanged 6 SUMMARY This paper has s
155. in the m th unit cell as shown in Fig 2 where the point of O is the origin of experimental coordinate the point O is the origin of the m th unit cell and the o is the center of the j th atom The vis the position vector of an arbitrary point P around the oj The Rn is the position vector of the O from the origin O The is the non primitive translation vector in unit cell The Bloch wave function wx is expanded as v r N VsN gt Y expl ik R o le r ERU 4 m j where N is the total number of unit cell of volume Q Q NQ and N is the normalization constant of y r The v r can be written according to the Bloch theorem as follows v r Q Q exp ik r u r 5 where the u of the crystal periodicity is given by uy r N Q sN gt gt exp ik r R 1 9 r R t 6 J Chain direction origin of experimental coordinate origin of the m th unit cell Figure 2 The coordinate system for Bloch wave function in LCAO model 10 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 with the relation Up r R U r 7 3 2 Compton A z function in LCAO Fourier transformation model We introduce the Fourier expansion as Uy r 2 q exp iq r 8 q It follows from Eq 7 that Up r R E yu q exp iq r R 4 gt exp iq R u q exp ig r 9 q In order to satisfy Eq 7 for any translational vecto
156. mu Application of Monte Carlo Method in Game Tatsumasa TAKAHASHI and Hisashi MIZUNO Abstract Power of the computer in the game of GO has increased rapidly by the appearance of Monte Carlo Tree Search which was proposed in 2006 However the Monte Carlo Tree Search has not been verified to attain good results in other games In this paper a Connect 4 3D computer program based on Monte Carlo method UCB1 1 is applied is implemented and is played against existing computer program based on MINI MAX method The results of simulation has showed that our computer program has better performance than existing computer program in the game of Connect4 3D 1 2006 1 Sy Caos 3
157. of gp1 p5 generate 22 1 distinct ideal classes Thus we have hx 2579 LEMMA 5 Let the notation be the same as before Suppose an ideal a b o 1 lt a lt NO is principal with a number b such that 0 b lt kNo 2 k 2 e 4 2 lt k EN Then1s tt zRk L PROOF The number tt 4a s 4a s dz increases according to the decrease of s and s Assume s 0 then since dxt 4a ands dxt 2a Wehaves 2 t Z So t 2 1or2 If t 1 then S 2 dx 4a t 2b 8 2a 2 2b 8 dx and 4b 2eYy dx If t 2 then 1 dx a t 2b t 2a 2b amp dx and tt 4b 2e dx Assume s 1 From 1 dg 4a we have dx f lt 4a Thus lt 1 2b t 2a 2 2 2b e t 4a lt 2 2 2b amp t dx and tt lt 4b 2 2e dx Similarly s 0 and s 1 implies the same inequalities respectively So in general lt 4b 2 2e dx for any s t and s t Now our assumption on b yields 4b 2 2e dg lt k Therefore we have lt k 1 Ift 0 then s 4a and t s 2a Z thus a 1 which contradicts the assumption In the same way 7 0 leads sl a landa N b which is a contradiction Our lemma is proved An Inequality about the Class Number of Imaginary Quadratic Fields T SHIMADA 5 3 Proof of Theorem
158. unit cell Carbon at oms constituting the polymer are in the zigzag chain along the c axis The two hydrogen atoms of CH are Table 1 Bond length A and angles of polyethylene Figure 1 A zigzag chain of CH approximating the structure of polyethylen Analysis of Compton B z Function of Polyethylene Polymer by LCAO Fourter Transformation Model K UMEDA T KOBAYASI K KOBAYASHI and H SAKURAI 9 each other on the opposite side to the plane containing the Carbon chain and the line connecting the two Hy drogen atoms is perpendicular to this plane namely they are in the a b axis plane In the experiment the PE polymer is crystallized along the c axis We assume that the PE polymer is an one dimensional crystal which has lattice structure along the c axis and the z direction in calculating B z is taken along the c axis 3 Method of Calculation 3 1 Bloch wave functions in LCAO model Here we define the Bloch wave function yw 7 for an electronic state having wave vector at the posi tion zin the PE chain A crystal has a periodic lattice structure The position vector of the m th unit cell is defined by primitive lattice vector Bravais lattice vector Rn in the one dimensional PE chain We assume electronic states in the unit cell are given by LCAO We describe the basis function atomic or hybridized or bital in the LCAO chain as The oj 7 is an orbital function belonging to j th atom j 21 3 at r
159. 0 5 0 75 5 y 0 5 3 b A 5 y 0 75 o d 6 c cs 0 DES 2 y ce 0 x b X Xo 0 0 2 04 0 6 0 8 1 C42 7C24 5 x x c A 96 I 32 2012 a 200 l D eoooo 0 5 020 6 0 5 6 0 8 s0000 150 40000 x x 100 80000 x x 20000 50 10000 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 C4 2 C
160. 21 Cy 2 C21 C 200 d eoooo 0 75 0 0 6 0 75 0 0 8 50000 150 40000 x x 100 80000 x x 20000 50 10000 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 C42 2C24 C42 7C21 6 x x cr B 2000 i 1 C12 0 6 y 0 50 C12 0 6 y 0 50 C4 270 6 y 0 75 C4 270 6 y 0 75 1500 F c 0 3 y 0 50 C45 0 3 y 0 50 C12 0 3 y 0 75 ae pue f 1000 500 0 0 5 0 55 0 6 0 65 0 7 0 75 0 8 9 0 5 0 55 0 6 0 65 0 7 0 75 0 8 9 7 6 d c UD cy c 7 Ax Axo 9 9 Ax AX2 Axa 4x 9 B b cz 0 3 y 0 75 9 0 75
161. 5 mod 16 Since p 3 mod 4 we have p 1 mod 8 Thus 2 splits in K Any prime ideal over 2 is of the form 2 7 0 lt r x D Our assumption means 2 Nir Now N r o No 1 py thus 2 1 p 4 which is a contradiction As a result we have p 1 p 4 Conversely assume p 1 p 4 In this case 1 p 0 mod 4 thus p 3 mod 4 and dg p Asit is easy to see px 1 when p 7 we may assume p 2 11 We write p 4n 3 n 2 then O lt b lt dx 4 lis equivalent to 0 lt b n 1 Ifthere exists 7 0 lt r lt n 1 such that N r4 o is composite we define the number q to be the least prime factor of N r When q is odd since N r o 27 1 p 4 0 mod q q splits in K that is ee 1 Now as above a 1 so 1 Further q p p q N r w J N n 1 cw Vn 4 1 lt n 1 1 p A which contradicts I 1 4 Whenq 2 Mr o Qr 1Y p 4 0 mod 2 implies 1 0 mod 8 Then p 1 8 is 2 n even and But in our case p 1 p 4 3 This is a contradiction Therefore every N r o 0zrznm l is proved to be prime and then px 1 References 1 Cohen J Sonn J On the Ono invariants of imaginary quadratic fields J Number Theory 95 2002 259 267 2 Ishibashi M A sufficient arithmetical condition for the ideal class group of an imaginary quadratic field to be cyclic Proc Amer Math Soc 117 3 1993 613
162. 618 3 M ller H Verallgemeinerung eines Satzes von Rabinowitsch ber imagin r quadratische Zahlk rper J Reine An gew Math 285 1976 100 113 4 Molhn R A Quadratics CRC Press 1996 5 Rabinowitsch G Eindeutigkeit der Zerlegung in Primzahlfaktoren in quadratischen Zahlk rpern J Reine Angew Math 142 1913 153 164 6 Sarran E Shimizu K A note on Ono s numbers associated to imaginary quadratic fields Proc Japan Acad 77 Ser A 2001 29 31 7 Sasaki R On a Lower Bound for the Class Number of an Imaginary Quadratic Field Proc Japan Acad 62 Ser A 1986 37 39 Analysis of Compton B z Function of Polyethylene Polymer by LCAO Fourier Transformation Model Kentaro UMEDA Te KOBAYASI Kohjiro KOBAYASHI and Hiroshi SAKURAI Abstract Recently the electronic momentum density of polyethylene have been obtained by X and y ray Compton scat tering experiments We have constructed CH CH polymer electronic structure by a linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO based on Carbon sp hybridized orbitals and Hydrogen 1s orbitals corresponding to a sim plified structure model and calculated Compton B z function to analyze experimental result The analysis can re produce the overall trend of the experimental result and show that the LCAO Fourier transformation model is to be useful to reveal the electronic momentum density of polyethylene polymer In order to reproduce more details of
163. ISSN 0285 3817 I 32 2012 3 H OO LCAO 2 NSK E SRNR Kika i A RA a M HH EZR ARB RERE PEGE 2 mm QE 0089686 t onn SA pH Z E VRZK HR ORBI Jv R 0 A nOD RES SS AGA Widnes Roe RNS aee wae ace 3 LPR BREATH GJ 7 Ki etr hdd OE AS ERK RS BETEGI SERTER eni oA ER EAO eee ETE ne d A HEB TRZE ONE 4 ARCU SES ST qWJIAXHEDEHU BIS SO dj
164. Na a Thus a b o 1s a principal ideal generated by a The lemma is proved When X Y s D satisfies X dxY 4a we have s 2b amp e t 3 2b e t _ 2 2 Therefore when a is a prime number the condition of Lemma 1 holds for X Y s or s Let N b o aa with 1 lt a a lt N b o Since b o a b olla b o a b o is principal if and only if a b is principal From the point of Lemma 1 we can see this as follows Lets EZ a N b w t 0 moda and be as in Lemma 1 and define n 2b s dt 2b ey 2a 2a Note that Z because of Lemma 1 Then s dgt 4a And further we have 2b s dg s 20 s and t 2a 2a Therefore Lemma 1 leads to the equivalence of principality of a b and a b l LEMMA 2 Assume N b q aa 1 a a lt Nb o aa N 0 lt b EZ and a b 1s princi pal Let X Y s D be an integral solution of X dxY 4a which satisfies in Lemma 1 and let t be as above Then tt lt 0 and An Inequality about the Class Number of Imaginary Quadratic Fields T SHIMADA 3 st 1 tt z 1 N grosse li d A tt PROOF By the definition we have 2b A 2b 0 per ES P t 1 2b4 e tt It is clear that 2 at 1 contradicts the
165. T Y2 2 18 y yo TR yi ye RHXLOT ESKPA BL SS OL mO 13408 7J 00 A 4 2 2 A B 2 ARR cy 2 3 A B mi 0 1 0 2 m 0 1 20 2 4472 0 0 5 m2 0 1 72 0 2 m3 0 1 0 2 a2 3 0 h2 0 5 yo 5 0 7 0 20 2 2 2 c A B 2 x2 7g cj 7 2 3262 4 1
166. X 4 7 4 2 4 dicc i ge Vir vp iii CH2 CH3A CH4 NDVI NDSL NDWI 5 50 I 32 2012 c NDVI d NDWI 3 J ae CH2 gt 60 8 CH3A lt 180 9 CH4 gt 600 10 NDVI lt 0 09 11 NDSI lt 0 05 12 NDWI lt 0 20 13 5 a CH2 8 b CH3A E f 9 4 175 2006 5 29 H
167. assumption So tt lt 0 As was mentioned in the proof of at at Lemma 1 2b 7 Ee A mM wt is a generator of a b o Thus P S PE pl oq9 438 2 SHE 7 at N wt t t tte PE Nw On the other hand by the definition of t we have at tb 2 So S i 42 s tE s te th pe ee PU Nu From this it is easy to get the desired form of b Replacing X dxY 4a by X dyY 4a and it by F tt if necessary we can easily show Lem mas 1 and 2 to be true for real quadratic fields Now we shall prove the inverse of Lemma 2 that is LEMMA 3 Assume that b is a rational integer such that I ne 1 An Then N b is a composite number which has a divisor a 1 lt a lt N b such that a b is a prin cipal ideal b nNwt with some l Z 0Oand n EN PROOF Our assumption means ne 1 0 mod 4 so that ne 1 mod 2 Let 2u ne lwithu Z Ifz 0 then b No and N b o Non ngNo No No NO no Taking a No we have 1 lt a lt N b o and a b No nNo o o This is a principal ide al Nextassumeu 0 Letk u n u kx n ky withx y Z Au 4 1 I 4u 4u ne Nw Ut ae b nN II An n Then u 4 1 0 mod n x u 1 Omody So we have u 1 0 mod y because x y 1 Letting w 1 vy v Z we have b nNo vx kx
168. ation access human machine interfaces HMIs where communication is by speech might be consid ered essential because speech interfaces are more effective for small and portable devices Mobile termi nals for example cellular telephones smart phones and tablets are already connected to networks such as the Internet such that they can access information on web servers In particular car telematics refers to a new service where mobile terminals are used to connect to information servers via communication networks Hardware devices such as central processing units CPUs and various types of memory are used as speech processing environments Speech media processing including speech recognition and speech syn thesis runs in such environments and employs communication infrastructure to connect to application serv ers Figure 1 shows a system image consisting of a terminal client the Internet and a center server The processing devices are hardware such as PCs microprocessors and memories The communication infra structure includes wired and wireless environments 2 2 Hardware Needs for Media Processing Figure 2 summarizes the hardware needs for mobile terminals such as smart phones and tablets For multi language speech translation a CPU able to process greater than 2 giga instruction per second GIPS and a memory size greater than 100 MB will be needed Center Server Terminal Client HTTP Internet Wired e Telephone Telephon
169. biguous ideal class and let bo n b which is the number of p s whose prime divisors belong to an am biguous class Let b be the natural number 2 when b 0 and 51 x2 when b z 0 Now we define px max b b Sj We shall prove that this is a revised edition of px Itis clear that px px Main result of this paper is the following Received Oct 5 2011 Professor Center of General Education 2 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 THEOREM It holds that hx 2 px Examples K Q 4 21 then hg 4 px 3 and px 4 K Q 4 26 then hg 6 px 4 and px 6 K Q 4 A1 then hx 8 px 5 and px 8 K Q 4 65 then hx 8 px 5 and px 8 K Q 4 311 then hx 19 px 8 and px 13 2 Preliminary lemmas LEMMA 1 An ideal a b o Og 25a N 080 Z is principal if and only if the equation X dxY 4a has an integral solution X Y s t such that s 2b e t 2a PROOF Assume 2 b is principal Then there exist x y EZ with ax b o y a bc We have a N ax b o y axt by y axtby Tra y No and 4a 2 ax by ey dzxy because of Tro e and No e dx 4 Thus we get desired solutions s 2ax 2b ey t y Next assume X dxY 4a has an integral solution X Y s that satisfies Let a s 2b e t 2 b o Itis easy to see that a a b o and
170. d e EU gt ss e Xi 7 FZ wn eu 7 n n 7 c c HBSFORK hic ace LC UCB1 UCT 1 applied to Tree UCB1 m 8 UCB
171. e We denote by o o the complex conjugate of Since 4 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 yo v ko 2 nNo vx kxe vy kx o b o we get N b o N x yo N v ko Because n ky 0 we see N x yo 1 and N v ko 1 Therefore V b o is composite Leta N x yo Then a b is an ideal and x yo x by y b u bnyk yO o Here a p a IZEI Pane emda I 1 7 den 2 4 4 4 a 1 gt dit k N z yw k a So x yo ka y b o a bo and 2 b yo is principal If we take a Nw ko we can prove a b w ko by the same way Our lemma is proved LEMMA 4 Let b 0 be a rational integer such that the ideal a b a is not principal for any divisor a of Nb withi lt a lt N6b o Then hg b PROOF Let N 0 q p papi Pio where prs are prime numbers whose prime divisors in K do not belong to any ambiguous ideal class and ps are the others Let e and py denote prime ideals 5 a and p b respectively First assume b 4 0 Then by the assumption all the ideal classes of 1 12 81 pi are distinct from one another Further classes of product of any e 1 lt 7 lt b and any sub product of p1 sg5 are all distinct from one another So we have hx b bi x29 Next assume bi 0 Sub products
172. ectronic state wave functions as a ze v r r r d r j 17 This form can be easily converted to the following form 722 Ni 2 eml k G D Le iG v E 0 k G o k G 18 Defining the G by G exp iG 7 9 k G 19 S j we obtain the simple form of the B r function given by ZN Zerker hf where the normalization constant V 1s given by 20 1 2 1 N 2 G From Eq 20 we can see that the at r 0 gives the mean value of electron density and at any prim itive lattice vector the B satisfies B R 0 21 3 3 Fourier transformation of sp hybridized orbitals As shown in Fig 3 we adapt an approximate model for the C atom configuration in the CH CH poly mer unit given by the configuration of Carbon 2s 2p hybridized orbital of Ta symmetry Generally atomic orbitals can be written as follows Prim r ES RJ r Yi Q 22 where R r is the radial function around the nucleus with the principal quantum number n and azimuth quan tum number Ym 2 is spherical harmonics of quantum number and magnetic quantum number m and Q represents the pair of solid angle variables 0 and 9 of the vector of r We define the fundamental position of atoms and the coordinate system for CH5 CH polymer unit as shown in Fig 3 In Fig 3 dm n2 Hr and gz are the 1s orbitals of the constituting hydrogen atoms H1 H2
173. eger and K Q 4 m where Q is the field of rationals Let 1 and 0 when m 1 mod 4 and m 2 3 mod 4 re spectively Let dx be the discriminant hx the class number and Ox the ring of integers of K We denote by the integer dx 2 Note that w 1 J m 2 when m 1 mod 4 andw ym when m 2 3 mod 4 Let N be the set of all natural numbers and Z the set of all rational integers We denote by N the norm mapping from K to Q and by T the trace mapping Fora z 2 N and b Z the module a b generated by a and b over Z 1s an ideal of Ox if and only if a divides N b o Let px maxtthe number of prime factors of MO 0 b lt dx 4 1 where prime factors are not necessarily distinct The number px is called the Ono invariant 1 4 or Ono s number 2 6 The following results are well known THEOREM A Rabinowitsch 5 hx 1 if and only tf by 1 THEOREM B Sasaki 7 hx 2 if and only if px 2 THEOREM C Moller 3 Sasaki 7 Jt holds that hx px Let S be the set of all b Z such that 0 lt b lt 2No 2 and does not have the form of No I 1 Z gt 1 0 whenm 1 mod 4 and the set of b Z such that 0 x b x 2N 1 and does not have the form of N I Z 120 whenm 2 3mod4 Let NM b o b Z where s are prime num bers not necessarily distinct and let b be the number of p s whose prime divisors in K do not belong to any am
174. exciton binding energies for x 0 2 are larger than LO phonon energy of CdS films It is expected that the exciton in CdS Zn Cd S MQWSs exists stably at RT Present theoretical results indicate good agreement with reported experimental 90 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 data for the PL peak energies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 References Nakamura S and Fasol G The blue laser diode Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Endo Y Kawakami Y Taguchi T and Hiraki A Structural and photoluminescence characterization of CdS GaAs films and CdS ZnS strained layer superlattices grown by low pressure MOCVD method Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol 27 1988 p L2199 L202 Mullins J T Taguchi T Brown PD Loginov Y Y and Durose K Growth and optical properties of CdS Cd Zn S strained layer superlattices Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol 30 1991 p L1853 L1856 Shahzad K Olego D and van de Walle C G Optical characterization and band offsets in ZnSe ZnS Sei_ strained layer superlattices Physical Review B Vol 38 1988 p 1417 1426 Green R L Bajaj K K and Phelps D E Energy levels of wannier excitons in GaAs Ga Al As quantum well struc tures Physical Review B Vol 29 1984 p 1807 1812 Onodera C Shoji T Hiratate Y and Taguchi T Excitonic properties in Cd Zn _ S ZnS quantum we
175. g system AD analog to digital DA digital to analog 2 3 Implementations of ASR Figure 3 shows different implementations of ASR according to speech applications Depending on the processing power and cost there are three types of implementations The first type is a chip and middleware implementation on microprocessors the second type is a PC and software implementation and the third type is a client and server system CSS implementation To summarize Fig 3 a single microprocessor currently has around 500 MIPS CPU power and 50 MB memory and these hardware environments enable the imple mentation of continuous speech recognition software on a microprocessor 3 DEVICE ENVIRONMENT 3 1 Microprocessing Unit MPU Owing to improvements in microprocessor performance various media processing technologies such as 28 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG coder decoder and speech processing can be realized by software im plementation This technical trend is dependent not only on the technological advancement of devices but also of algorithms and development tool environments Figure 4 shows the trend of microprocessor products after the release of Intel 4004 the first complete CPU on a single chip and we focusing on microprocessors used for digital consumer products Figure 5 shows a road map of the microprocessor in particular the SuperH series S
176. ggregation for species 2 decreases and on the contrary as the degree of aggregation for species lincreases A discussion is also given of what the observed relation on the likelihood of coexistence results from 1 2 TRES 1 2 1
177. h The calculated results are shown in Fig 1 The values of V re main almost constant with increasing L because the difference between the hydrostatic deformation potential in conduction band of the CdS and Zn Cd _ S is small The values of V decrease with increasing L because the difference between the shear deformation potential in valence band of the CdS and Zn Cd S is very large We calculate the heavy hole exciton binding energies as functions of L at RT Figure 2 shows L de pendence of the heavy hole exciton binding energies in CdS Zn Cd _ S MQWs for x 0 1 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 Zn Content Dependence of Exciton Binding Energy in CdS Zn Cd 5 Multiple Quantum Wells C ONODERA M YOSHIDA T ONODERA T SHOJI 87 Table I Physical parameters used in the calculation CdS ZnS Lattice constant a nm 0 5832 0 54093 9 Elastic constant Ci Mbar 0 789 1 067 9 Cy Mbar 0 539 0 666 9 Deformation potential a eV 2 08 9 2 78 9 ay eV 1 029 1 229 b eV 4 79 0 79 Spin orbital splitting energy Aso eV 0 07 9 0 072 9 Bandgap energy at 4 2 K eV 2 56 9 3 849 Bandgap energy at room temperature eV 2 369 3 68 9 Top valence band energy eV 11 129 11 49 Bowing Parameter of Ccazas eV 0 3 Electron mass mo 0 29 Heavy hole mass mo 1 259 Relative dielectric constant o 10 19 400 CdS Zn Cd S MQW 350 Band offset meV 0 2 4 6 8 10 2 Well width nm Fig 1 Conduction and
178. hannel 4 3 3 1 TIE 4 1 25ch 25 OO 5 i Ene dle Lodo RE dU o MEM M PEE 7 TIRED DSS 2 245 Hz 20ch 5 93 2 25 5 97 0
179. increases as both the conduction and valence band offsets in crease with x The exciton binding energies of CdS Zn Cd S MQWs for x 0 1 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 are greater than RT thermal energy about 25 meV Asa result the interactions between excitons and longitudinal optical LO phonons usually lead to the dissociation of the excitons at RT Therefore we compared the exciton binding energies with the LO phonon energies in CdS Zn Cdi_ S MQWs for x 0 1 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 The LO pho non energy of CdS films is 37 meV The maximum heavy hole exciton binding energy in CdS Zn Cd_ S MQWs for x 0 1 is lower than the LO phonon energy of CdS films whereas those for x 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 are greater than the LO phonon energy of CdS films When we consider the effect of the exciton LO phonon interaction for narrow wells we expect the exciton characteristics to be predominant even at RT Ionization of excitons should be prevented in systems where the difference between the exciton binding energies of the 1s and 2s states is larger than the LO phonon energy For more realistic understanding of the exciton stabili ty the calculation of the excited exciton states is necessary This is not an easy task To simplify the calcu lation we discuss only the binding energy of the ground exciton state Moreover we assume that the contri bution of the off diagonal terms in the exciton Hamiltonian as described by Luttinger Kohn is extremely small because the degenerac
180. iotis D L Anastassopoulos A A Vradis G D Priftis Ch Bellin and G Loupias A study of electronic structure of polyethylene with Compton scattering experiments Physica B 318 382 386 2002 7 B Barbiellini Ch Bellin G Loupias T Buslaps and A Shukla How the hydrogen bond in NHAF is revealed with Comp ton scattering Phys Rev B79 155115 2009 8 R Caminiti L Pandolfi and P Ballirano Structure of Polyethylene from X Ray Powder Diffraction Infuluence of the Amorphous Fraction on Data Analysis J Macromol Sci Phys B39 481 492 2000 9 E Clementi Tables of Atomic Functions Suppl to IBM J Research and Develop 9 2 1965 17 2 A IE ER d _ kk Spatial Distribution of Individuals and Coexistence of 2 Species an Individual based Simulation Study Masahiro ANAZAWA and Jun ichi SUZUKI Abstract This paper investigates how the likelihood of coexistence of two species depends on the spatial distribu tion of individuals by developing a simulation model that includes a parameter relating to the degree of spatial aggregation of individuals for each species The competition types for species 1 and 2 are assumed to be con test and scramble respectively The results of the simulation show that the likelihood of coexistence grows as the degree of a
181. lculation In the present simple model the contributions to 5 z function from Branch 1 Branch 2 and Branch 3 are equal with common weight of 1 3 The sum of each weight must be 1 0 If there were charge transfer be tween orbitals the contributions from each Branch would be changed The one of weights is getting smaller or larger the other weights should be affected deviating from 1 3 We try to change the weight of each Branch within 0 0 1 0 Figure 6 shows the results in the charge transfer model calculation under the different set of weights shown in the upper right part in the Figure As can be seen from Fig 6 if the contribution from the elec trons in the C C bond becomes larger the discrepancies will be corrected For the B z function along the c axis the contribution from the Branch 3 is very large It suggests that Analysis of Compton B z Function of Polyethylene Polymer by LCAO Fourter Transformation Model K UMEDA T KOBAYASI K KOBAYASHI and H SAKURAI 15 nf m u 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 8 B z 0 0 0 2 z a u Figure5 The experimental B z curves and the theoretical prediction 1 0 0 8 0 6 B z 0 4 0 2 0 0 z a u Figure 6 The trial check of potential effect to theoretical B z curves by changing the summation weight of each basis function the charge transfer would happen from Hydrogen 1s orbital of hydrogen atom and from the Carbon 2s 2
182. lls Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol 46 2003 p 393 399 Ichino K Kawakami Y Fujita S and Fujita S Design and fabrication of II VI semiconductor heterostructures Oyo Butsuri Vol 61 1992 p 117 125 in Japanese Kanemitsu Y Nagai T Yamada Y and Taguchi T Temperature dependence of free exciton luminescence in cubic CdS films Applied Physics Letters Vol 82 2003 p 388 390 91 KBE RR ie GE RU Mutual Development Produced by Cooperation between Small and Medium Enterprises a Study based on Mathematical Models Masahiro ANAZAWA Yasuj1 SAWADA and Asuka SATO Abstract This paper develops simple mathematical models to investigate the effect of cooperation between small and medium enterprises SMEs on their mutual development The following two cases are investigated In one case two SMEs are in competition for orders from a large enterprise and in the other they are not in com petition In both cases the effect of cooperation 1s shown to depend greatly on the degree of how much an im provement in the skill levels of the two SMEs expands the demand for the large enterprise In addition for the case of competing SMEs the effect of cooperation is shown to depend on the way of how the large enter prise partitions orders between the two SMEs 1
183. m confinement Therefore the phenomenon of radiative recombination of excitons has been exploited to enable the use of CdS based QWs in the fabrication of blue LDs To determine the exciton binding energies in CdS Zn Cd1_ S multiple quantum wells MQWs we calcu late the exciton binding energies as functions of L Moreover for comparison with the available experimen tal results we calculate excitonic transition energy as a function of L in CdS Zn Cd S MQWs 2 Theory Shahzad et al have reported the details of the method for calculating conduction and valence band offsets in QWs We use a model solid approach for calculating conduction and valence band offsets Greene et al have reported the details of the method for calculating binding energies in QWs We use a variational meth od for calculating the exciton binding energies Here we provide a brief description of calculation meth Received Sep 3 2011 Teacher Electronic Engineering Course Aomori Prefectural Towada Technical Senior High School Associate Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hachinohe National College of Technology Research Assistant Department of Electronics and Intelligent Systems Tohoku Institute of Technology Professor Department of Electronics and Intelligent Systems Tohoku Institute of Technology 86 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 od Details of ou
184. nalysis of Compton B z Function of Polyethylene Polymer by LCAO Fourier Transformation fd eee ue ete Seas peace aarti K Umepa T Kopayasi K Kopayasui and H SAKURAI spatial Distribution of Individuals and Coexistence of 2 Species an Individual based Simulation Study Gy Rie OE a EE BAe ESEDA Suid eB ie Se eG ee By Bk eee SUR RIA M ANAZAWA and J SUZUKI Embedded Automatic Speech Recognition for Network Use ee N HATAOKA Coagulation promoting Effect of Algal Born Organic Substance OO LES MARE MUR MER K KasurwAzAKI K Sarro T TAKAARA and H Konno Influence to Residual Aluminum in Treated Water by Changing pH of Raw Water ORAS AA CCE FRR ERAS WORE ES mame A H Esasur K Sarro T Krrapa and H Konno Analysis of Fire Scar and Smoke in the Russian Far East Region in the Passed Seven Years o4 4 d os Coh oh o OW ow ho 4 s ot P o o E E oo ode Roo w o o4 E o4 X oh o o od K Kaw ANIC A Tl d N Ko IM LATS SU The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Damage and Restoration of Network Infor mation Infrastructures by Information Network Center IRIAN MANJE mutum RIETS furor ie PERU MOURA Smee SCE M Marsupa E Kupon and K Muraoka Application of Monte Carlo Method in Game tre T Takanasur and H Mizuno The Experimental Study on Frequency Band AHL the Speaker Recognition using Spectral Amplitude of Isolated Vowels
185. nic matter such as tartaric acid retard the coagulation on the no neutralization effect of surface charge zeta potential even if the coagulant aluminum sulfate injecting 2 Gulcose has no effect for the coagulation ability 3 Function of residue medium is to decrease the absolute value of zeta potential about 10mV in the presence of clay particles to highten the removal rate of sedimentation by charge neutralization and also to promote the coagulation by bridging action effect such as polymer 1 BER AOM Algogenic Organic Matter CEISGER DS EK MENTWAYV IKE OWED d AEDT e TRES occ ae ATE CIA REAL ERKEZETT EZ OE 4 amp EH EP 2 3 HAE Ze EO EC PIE SE CET AE
186. or of experimental B z re sult we add the potential interaction effect among atoms and approach to more accurate theoretical result re flecting electronic structure of PE polymer We think that our LCAO Fourier transformation model is easily extended to the case of three dimensional treatment containing anisotropy In B 7 and our model if it in cludes a directional structure along the a b axis may become approximately equivalent to the 3 dimansional Cluster model Acknowledgements We wish to acknowledge Dr N Shiotani for stimulating discussion and suggestions on the features of the experimental Compton scattering data References 1 B Kramer P Krusius W Schroder and W Sch lke Fourier Transformed Compton Profiles A Sensitive Probe for the Microstructure of Semiconductors Phys Rev Letters 38 1227 1230 1977 2 EM Mueller Anisotropic momentum densities from Compton profiles Silicon Phys Rev B15 3039 3044 1977 3 H Nara K Shindo and T Kobayasi Pseudopotential Approach to Anisotropies of Compton Profiles of Si and Ge J Phys Soc Jpn 46 77 83 1979 4 T Kobayasi Linearity in Compton Scattering B r Function of Semiconductors to Ionicity in Valence Electronic bond Bull Coll Med Sci Tohoku Univ 9 211 221 2000 5 S Ragot J M Gillet and PJ Becker Interpreting Compton anisotropy of ice Ij A cluster partitioning method Phys Rev B65 235115 2002 6 E P Mazarak
187. p hybridized orbitals in C H bonds to the Carbon 2s 2p hybridized orbitals in C C bonds to constitute the zig zag chain of PE polymer Because the trial amounts of transfer seem to be extremely large it should be ex pected to examine more realistic ones 16 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 In our result the inter branch autocorrelations among the constituting orbitals in each branch are fully taken into account However the intra branch autocorrelations which vanish exactly in the case of Ty sym metry remain in the real structure for example the C C C angle is 112 5 being different from 109 47 in the Td symmetry If we take into consideration the intra branch autocorrelation terms the case of full charge transfer might be avoidable In order to make the calculation more realistic it might be necessary to take into account the deviation from the Ta symmetry assumed for the hybridized Carbon orbitals or the three dimensional structure spread on the a b axis plane However the present result suggests that our model introducing the charge transfer will be expectable for understanding Compton scattering experiment of polymer type material with no per forming a complicated band calculation In conclusion the bulk character of the experimental 5 z function of PE is well understandable by LCAO model based on sp hybridized orbitals In order to reproduce the details of behavi
188. r Rn it needs the relation q R 27 integer 10 Equation 10 means that the vector q restricted to the reciprocal lattice G Therefore ux can be de scribed by u 6 uy n exp 1G r e r N Ewa R Ies k G 11 m J where we define the Fourier transform of the basis orbital functions 9 7 by i2 9 fo r exp ip r d r 12 Next we consider the electron wave function y q in the momentum q space described by the Fourier transformation of w 7 as 1 V q x r exp iq r d r 13 On the other hand the electron momentum density p q of the crystal system is given by 2 p 4 22 a aJ Ys fvr r exo ia r a r 14 The p q function in solid crystal gives us the fundamental information of electronic properties of the crystal and can be connected to the Compton profile measured in Compton scattering experiments As shown in Eq 2 B r is given by the Fourier transform of p q Once the function B 7 is obtained as a function of r we can obtain the p q through the inversion of Eq 2 as p a B r exp ig r dr 15 Analysis of Compton B z Function of Polyethylene Polymer by LCAO Fourter Transformation Model K UMEDA T KOBAYASI K KOBAYASHI and H SAKURAI 11 Using the following property of Dirac delta function gt exo iq r r 7 16 q the function can be converted to the autocorrelation form among the el
189. r calculation for band offsets and exciton binding energies in strained QWs are described in ref 6 The energy at the bottom of the conduction band in Zn Cd S is calculated by linear interpolation using a bowing parameter On the other hand the energy at the top of the valence band in Zn Cd _ S is calculated by linear interpolation without using a bowing parameter In Zn Cd S the cations Zn and Cd have a strong influence on the conduction band whereas S anions determine the energy at the top of the valence band The lattice constant of CdS is larger than that of Zn Cd _ S Therefore CdS layer subjects to compres sive strain whereas the Zn Cd _ S layer subjects to tensile strain The heavy hole band becomes a top of the valence band in the CdS well owing to the induced compressive strain The optical transition takes place mainly between the conduction and heavy hole bands We define the valence band offset V as being given by the energy difference between the heavy hole band in the CdS well and the light hole band in the Zn Cd S barrier where we use smallest valence band offset condition The conduction band offset V is calculated as the difference between the energy at the bottom of the conduction band in the well and that in the barrier We consider an electron hole pair confined in a CdS well with V and V For simplification of the calculation the barrier thickness 1s assumed to be infinite for calculating the exciton binding ene
190. recognition ASR are necessary to provide sophisticated human interfaces Regarding ASR continuous speech recognition CSR software has been available on personal computers PCs that have large computing resources specifically computing power and memory Our goal is to devel op embedded CSR software that can run using low computing power and memory to extend ASR to mobile environments We envision mobile application environments such as car navigation systems and cellular telephones where an embedded speech recognizer 3 runs by connecting to remote servers via wireless communication networks Received Oct 21 2011 Professor Department of Electronics and Intelligent Systems 26 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 This paper presents a survey of processing devices such as microprocessors and memories and on com munication infrastructure especially wireless communication infrastructure These technologies are key factors in making ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence possible Finally we report on embedded CSR software that we have named Embedded Julius 2 FOR UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING AND AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE 2 1 System Image for Networks and Terminals As ITs expand into mobile environments in order to provide ubiquitous communication intelligent inter faces are a fundamental key element in enabling mobile access to networked information For such mobile inform
191. resting to know if there is a direct proof Now we present a such proof Let p denote the smallest prime number which is a quadratic residue mod f p gt 3 and let 3 1 COROLLARY 26 1 Let p be an odd prime and K Q 4 p Then px 1 if and only if lp 1 5 4 PROOF It is trivial when p 3 thus we treat the case p gt 5 First assume pg 1 Ifp 1 mod 4 then N b b p and dx 4 1 p 1 Clearly b p cannot be prime when b 1 so px 2 which is a contradiction Thus we have p 3 mod 4 and Nb b b 1 p 4 Let p 4n43 n 1 then 0 lt b lt dx 4 1 means 0 lt b lt n 1 From the assumption N o 1 4 is prime 1 p 4 1 p 2 mod 5 so that p lt 1 p 4 Suppose there exists a prime number q such that 1 lt q lt 1 p 4 TES PNI 2 yest o ayse em and C 1 When g is odd Ms 7 1 1 2 1 1 g 1 1 2 2 1 because 6 1 2 is even We obtain and the ideal q splits in K Any prime ideal over q is of the form 2 bo with some b 0 lt bj lt q 1 We have bo lt n 1 because q 1 lt 1 p 4 1 n Our assumption leads tog N bo o N bo o No 1 4 thusq 1 p 4 This contradicts the definition of q When q 2 1 means p 1 mod 16 and then f 1 7 9 p 6 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 1
192. rgies the effective masses of electrons and heavy holes are assumed to be position independent and equal to the effec tive masses of those of CdS the dielectric constants are assumed to be position independent and equal to those of CdS and the isotropic hole mass of CdS is used We calculate the heavy hole exciton binding ener gies because the top of the valence band in the CdS well consists of the heavy hole band To calculate the ground state energy of heavy hole exciton we minimize the expectation value of the Hamiltonian calculated with a trial function having one variation parameter The heavy hole exciton transition energy 1s determined by subtracting the heavy hole exciton binding energy from the effective heavy hole bandgap energy which is obtained as the summation of the minimum conduction subband energy minimum heavy hole subband energy and heavy hole bandgap energy of the CdS well 3 Results and Discussion The values of the physical parameters used in the calculation are listed in Table I The parameters cor responding to the alloy material are derived by linear interpolation We calculate the values of V and V in CdS Zn Cd _ S MQWs for x 0 1 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 as functions of Ly for a constant barrier width of 12 nm at room temperature RT The conduction and valence band offsets in Cd Zn Cd _ S MQWSs are calculated under thick barrier width condition for calculating the exciton binding energies assuming infinite barrier widt
193. tr m and D J T Sumpter The role of competition and clustering in population dynam ics Proc R Soc London B Vol 272 pp 2065 L7 8 9 10 11 RE SUK 23 2072 2005 A Br nnstr m and D J T Sumpter Coupled map lattice approximations for spatially explicit individ ual based models of ecology Bull Math Biol Vol 67 pp 663 682 2005 M Anazawa Bottom up derivation of discrete time population models with the Allee ef fect Theor Popul Biol Vol 75 pp 56 67 2009 The mechanistic basis of discrete time population models The role of resource partitioning and spatial aggregation Theor Pop ul Biol Vol 77 pp 213 218 2010 A J Nicholson An outline of the dynamics of an imal populations Aust J Zool Vol 2 pp 9 65 1954 M P Hassell cies populations J Anim Ecol Vol 44 pp 283 295 1975 M Anazawa Density dependence in singlespe 20 Embedded Automatic Speech Recognition for Network Use Nobuo HATAOKA Abstract Automatic speech recognition ASR is a key technology in the prospective ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence era This paper begins by surveying processing devices such as microprocessors and memories and reduced instruction set computing based microprocessors and semi conductor memories are summarized The wireless communication infrastructure relating to ASR is then considered and mobile communications and wireless local area ne
194. ts 4 2 Speech Processing Relating to Wireless Communications Distributed speech recognition developed by the Aurora project of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute has been proposed for speech processing technologies in 3rd generation communication infrastructures For DSR speech analysis is performed in terminals and the speech parameters are relayed to centers decoders in order to recognize the speech input 5 EMBEDDED VERSION OF JULIUS 5 1 Free Open CSR Software JULIUS Julius is a free and open CSR software that has been developed by Japanese universities and is made available via the Internet 5 Julius can recognize a large vocabulary of over 20 000 words and is run on PCs that have vast computing resources Embedded Automatic Speech Recognition for Network Use N HATAOKA ol 5 2 T Engine with SuperH Microprocessor T engine is a developmental hardware platform that has network security architecture and runs using the common ITRON OS The T engine motherboard consists of CPU LCD and debugging PCBs Figure 8 presents a photograph of the T engine MS7751RC01 PCB Printed Circuit Board and Table 1 lists its specifications We also added a Hitachi SH 4 SuperH microprocessor to the T engine which has 240 MHz 430 MIPS of CPU power The SH 4 is a reduced instruction set computing processor that has 32 bit floating point calculation and cache access commands SH 4 s work memory is 64 MB but only 55 MB can be used
195. tworks are described Finally the implementation is reported of free continuous speech recognition software Julius embedded in a T engine mobile environment that contains an SH 4A microprocessor Categories and Subject Descriptors 12 7 Natural Language Processing Speech Recognition and Synthesis H5 2 User Interfaces Evaluation Methodology Natural Language Voice I O H1 2 User Machine Systems Human Information Processing General Terms Experimentation Human Factors Languages Theory Keywords Ubiquitous computing ambient intelligence automatic speech recognition ASR continuous speech recogni tion CSR Julius free CSR software embedded Julius T engine SuperH microprocessor 1 INTRODUCTION The termed ubiquitous computing was coined by Mark Weiser 1 who proposed the concept of infor mation processing being done anytime anywhere and by anybody However the philosophy has now been expanded to this time this place and this person Recently a further concept ambient intelligence was announced by Philips research and development R amp D division 2 Both of these concepts require the same type of information technology IT environment with small devices fast communication networks ra dio frequency identification and sophisticated human interfaces and terminals To realize ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence media processing technologies including auto matic speech
196. uperH microproces sors are products of Renesas Technology Corp and Hitachi Ltd Three types of SuperH microprocessors are available dependent on the application The first type e g SH 2 1s for mobile communication using a con trol MPU The second is the SH 3 series that are characterized by low power MPUs which are for HPC cellular telephone application The third type is the SH 4 series for multimedia applications that require a SH 4 FRS00 1971 1980 Figure 4 Microprocessor Product Trend CISC complex instruction set computing Mlps SH 44 700 30 MIPS 20 MIPS SH 2 0 5 um 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Figure 5 Road Map of Microprocessors SuperH Series Embedded Automatic Speech Recognition for Network Use N HATAOKA 29 high performance MPU 3 2 Memory Two memories types are next surveyed semiconductor memories such as dynamic random access memory DRAM and flash memory and hard disc drives HDD Recently DRAMs have increased to over 8 GB due to process improvements making their physical size less than 100 nm 0 1 um For terminals flash memory is expected to be widely utilized from now on Typically car navigation systems currently have 2 5 in about 6 35 cm 2 3 GB HDDs whereas small er size HDDs of around 1 in about 2 54 cm with 4 GB of memory has recently become available for music players terminals 3 3 Device related Operating Systems
197. urveyed processing devices and communication infrastructure and has reported the im plementation of Embedded Julius to provide sophisticated HMIs 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research work was funded by the Development of Fundamental Speech Recognition Technology project of the Japanese Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry METI The author thanks Dr Hiroaki Kokubo of Central Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd for his support to pursue this research REFERENCES 1 Mark Weiser HP http www ubiq com ubicomp 2 Philips http www research philips com technologies 3 N Hataoka etal Proc of IEEE ICASSP1998 pp II837 II840 1998 4 T Engine http www t engine org index html 5 Julius HP http julius sourceforge jp en julius html 6 H Kokubo N Hataoka et al Real Time Continuous Speech Recognition System on SH 4A Micro processor Proc of MMSP2007 Crete Oct 2007 33 BR AE EA BW OBER LIER AR TO vC NP E Mw Coagulation promoting Effect of Algal Born Organic Substance Keita KASHIWAZAKI Kouichi SAITO Tomoko TAKAARA and Hiroshi KONNO Abstract Residue of culture medium residue medium which is separated with algae of CT culture medium after cultivation of blue green algae for one year under the room temperature and daily daylight condition tartaric acid and glucose as the organic model materials are used for coagulation experiment As a result 1 Orga
198. valence band offsets in CdS Zn Cdi_ S MQWs for x 0 1 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 as func tions of L for a constant barrier width of 12 nm using the values of V and V for a constant barrier width of 12 nm The exciton binding energies are calcu lated assuming infinite barrier width for neglecting the wavefunction coupling of holes and electrons As L decreases the heavy hole exciton binding energies increase to a maximum and then decrease rapidly This is because when L decreases the exciton wave function is compressed in the wells and extension of the function into the barrier region becomes important for further decrease in L The shape of the curve illus trating the dependence of the heavy hole exciton binding energies on L is consistent with that reported by 88 Memoirs of the Tohoku Institute of Technology Ser I Science and Engineering No 32 2012 CdS Zn Cd S MQW Exiciton binding energy meV G2 p gt N A OQ CO c OO 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Well width nm Fig 2 Heavy hole exciton binding energies in CdS Zn Cd1_ S MQWs for x 0 1 0 2 0 3 and 0 4 on assum ing infinite barrier width condition Greene et al The maximum heavy hole exciton binding energy increases with x reaching a value of 45 meV at Ly 1 5 for x 0 4 The value of L at which the exciton binding energy reaches maximum decreases with increased x because compression of exciton wave function
199. xc s 5 g n 2r n 92 5 Per o Ps ine 9 n Phs 5 9 7 2 here 7 is the position vector at an arbitrary point from the origin O In our analysis we use the Clementi s Roothaan Hartree Fock free ion wave functions 9 for R x of carbon atomic orbitals and for hydrogen atoms Bohr orbitals are used Because these wave functions are given in analytical form these analytical forms are very treatable and also effective in suppression of computa tional errors in our numerical calculation According to Eq 17 7 function can be evaluated by numerical integration in the real space with the analytic forms of Clementi s Roothaan Hartree Fock free ion wave functions But even if in one dimension al crystal model for PE the space integration is three dimensional and for accurate calculation in principle we must take all unit cells On the other side in our Fourier transformation model the sum over all unit cells can be treated analytically and the region of integration in the momentum space can be restricted to the one dimensional 1st Brillouin zone Additionally as mentioned above the Fourier transform of the basis or bital functions can be evaluated analytically we can perform the three dimensional integration over the wave vector k precisely To validate the calculation result we examined it by changing the mesh size of k integra tion and the total number of G adopted in summation on G and confirmed
200. y network Cellular phone Tablet Wireless BS Nevioat act avigation VoiceXML gateway Emm Figure 1 System Image HTTP hypertext transfer protocol HTML hypertext markup language VXML voice ex tensible markup language Embedded Automatic Speech Recognition for Network Use N HATAOKA 27 1995 2000 2005 2010 Memorandum Multimedia Intelligent Tablet PDA HPC handheld devices NI Digital cellular IMT2000 Voice Services phone Internet Data image Videophone Internet TV Voice Recognition Speech Translation Processor 29 100 MIPS 300 500 MIPS 1 2 GIPS 0 1 0 3 W 0 1 0 3 W 0 1 0 3 W Memory lt 1MB 10 20 MB gt 100 MB Figure 2 Hardware Needs for HPC PDA Applications PDA Personal digital assistant HPC Hand held PC PU power Memory VM cost price MIPS MByte ind JPY kY i C Word Small 200 50 h Words Car navigation Chip Middleware 1 5 Public terminal Sentence Electronic secretary A Middle scheduling etc 800MIPS aue Sentence Dictation 500 Large Speech translation 000MIPS CSS Client amp Server 500 PC Audio Middleware Server PC Board software Application DSP application ASR Server VE Graphics General purposed p J Audio IF microprocessor Multimedia OS DSP Digital Signal Multimedia Hardware Processor Figure 3 Implementations of ASR ATM automated teller machine Tel Telephone I F interface TTS text to speech OS operatin
201. y of the valence band of the CdS well at the top of the valence band is removed due to induced compressive strain in the CdS well Even though the contribution of the off diagonal terms in the exciton Hamiltonian could not be completely ignored To determine more accurate exciton states we need to solve for the exciton Hamiltonian including the off diagonal terms Further research is necessary to obtain more accurate exciton states by theoretical calculation Therefore our result is not the whole story Zn Content Dependence of Exciton Binding Energy in CdS Zn Cd 5 Multiple Quantum Wells C ONODERA M YOSHIDA T ONODERA T SHOJI 89 2900 CdS Zn Cd S MQW4 2 K S 2800 H x 0 68 L 2 1 nm 8 MEE x 0 71 L 7 1 7 nm 5 2700 o c 2600 S E 2500 2400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Well width nm Fig 3 Dependence of heavy hole exciton transition energies for x 0 68 solid line and 0 71 broken line on Lu Open circle and open square indicate the photoluminescence peak energies measured by Mul lins et al for CdS Zn Cd _ S MQW for x 0 68 and 0 71 respectively at 4 2 K of the exciton stability For comparison we calculated the heavy hole exciton transition energies in a CdS Zn Cd _ S MQW for x 0 68 at a constant barrier width of 2 1 nm and a CdS Zn Cdi_ S MQW for x 0 71 at a constant barrier width of 1 7 nm at 4 2 K Figure 3 shows the dependence of the heavy hole exciton transition energies for x

東北工業大学紀要（I：理工学編第32号）

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東北工業大学紀要（I：理工学編 第32号）

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東北工業大学紀要（I：理工学編第32号）