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Contents

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7.
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9.
10. ISO
11. 3
12. Side effect
13. image based image free HIFU
14. BH WG WG
15. ISO part6 7
16. 14 2
17. 78 2 20 20 TOR
18. 3 D
19. 3 4 Dependability
20. 18 18 7
21. CG CG
22. 1 10 1
23. 86 4
24. gt lt gt
25. 3 4 1
26. BEB 4 3 20 3 3 3 WG 1 21 1 20 18 00 lt 20 00 2 3
27. 15 19 20
28. dependability Dependability IEC TC56 availability CRDS FY2006 WR 07 http crdsjst gojp output pdf 06wr07 pdf Dependability
29. 5 WG WG 21 3 5A 113 20 20
30. 10 26 18 11 10 10110001 13 14 20 4 1
31. 3 000 4 000 a PO Oe 3 500 x fi 2500 ee Eo 2 3 000 H M 5 2 000 Re o 2 500 amp A 7 In p 1500 2 000 a DK 35 A Et 1500 y4 1 000 q K ie wen b a Rate hii 1 000 ss 46 EE 500 RH sco we maa A 0 H 2 COE Fi gt GO l 6 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 FA 2006 12 2008 42 2
32. 1 21 3 RZ 1 aa cede eee a 4 EC 6 cs T S coerce este epee erase Ace ceca earache etc ee nce etek are A E 8 V 1
33. iz inconsistent consistent
34. Bw i gt 1 43 b KAAS 5 7 OU UU dd e c 2 4 I I
35. Massachusetts General Hospital University of New South Wales Cochlear Dobelle 2 Northstar Neuroscience http www northstarneuro com 3 4ch
36. 18 3 2 2 WG 1 20 12 16 18 00 20 00 2 3 J 4 4 1
37. ie 5 20 20 5 1 3
38. 5 HEREA fa I 10 IT 10
39. ISO IEC60601 2 10 ISO 14708 2 LL COMO BEN Eth WG 6 4 1 ISO IEC ISO 14708 Part 1 Part3
40. 1 21 2 101
41. BMI Brain Machine Interface BOCI Brain Computer Interface Do 2 2
42. O O 1 17 8 4 2 17 9 13 3 18 3 16 WG 4 18 6 15 17 WG 5
43. OO 1 WG 1 WG E 21 2 17 10 00 gt 12 00 D 5 GREE RRR SERA MHRA ESA BHM RES 1 Diss
44. Nature vol 442 pp 165 a 1 100 AE b 1500 um 400um 10x10 c MRI M1 d 4
45. 7 11 15 1062 14 3 29 0329004 IE 2 4 EDBAIR
46. 3 1 6 31 22
47. 15 3 15 17 16 4 17 5 20
48. 5 2 41 1
49. JIS ISO 4 6 2
50. 1009 19
51. 7 3 7 3 7 3 1 73
52. 3 20 3 WG 11 26 1 9 2 4
53. 3 4 2 J
54. 7 3 2 7 3 3 DBS 7 4 7 4 1
55. WEB 2 3 5 3 6 102
56. IV 1 200 000 00 1 000 000 00 800 000 00 600 000 00 A 400 000 00 200 000 00 0 00 We amp Q C Q EEE SH MA V N lt Ra N
57. 7 2 ISO 10993 part 1 part 2 part 3 part 4 part 5 part 6 part 9 part 10 part 11
58. WG BMI ELT JIS ISO 1 1 1 20 10 8 13 00 15 00 2 902 SRS 3 WG MNRE WERI ARIE RHAH ARRE RER AAR 4
59. 3 2 3 Cadaver Training 7 AED 1 4 3 2 4 e Learning WEB Based Learning
60. 3 1 3 e Learning jnstructional Design ID 14 19
61. 83 GentnerD amp Stevens A L 1983 Mental Models Hillsdale NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ISBN 0 89859 242 9 dependability dependability
62. 16 HHHHHHHHUHHHLH HHHHHHH 7HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH El PB EA E e eE EE E a aa ds E HHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHUHUHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHUHHHHHLH Gk EN AEE E i lo eh HHHHHHHHHHUHHH HHHHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHHUHHHL HHHH U H HHHHHHUHHHHHHHU HHHI EE EEE E E e a da ss O0 HHHH HHUHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHL Beck Eu HHH HUHHUHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHUHUHHHHHHHHUHHHLH a OV a ee i ols ori ia a ed aa HHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHUHHHUHHHHHHUHHHHL Cla ee sah EE asa OE dy HHHH HHUHHHUHHHHHHHHHL UU HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHUHHHHHUHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHUHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHUHHHL HHHHHHHUHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHUHHHHHHHHHHI HHHHHHUHHHUHHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHUHHHHHU UUUUD ea asa eh EE ee ses bh Ee EO OO ON hes a ehh OO ed ls UUDUUDOUUUUUUUUUD HHHHHHHUHHHHUHHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHLH 3HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHOCHHHHGWHHHHHHHUUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHLH HHHUHHHHHHHHHHOCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHUHHH
63. WG 53 oT 1 2 3 1 2 3 1
64. 2 18 19 8 E E a ahead ash E WG WG WG WG WG IV 1 HHHHHL HHHHHHHHLH UU HHHHHUHHHL 2 U UU HHHHL FEEL IEIE CO CC CC CC El EE EE CC CC NE EE EE EE
65. 1 2 2 WG 1 21 1 9 2 2 1 2 2 3 4
66. 2 1 2 2 sie 2 1
67. 64 5 2 2 1 20 11 10 13 00 15 00 2 902 3 WG 4 ABM
68. 4 20 1 1 1 WG 1 20 11 26 2 1 1 PP 1 2 WG 1 3 3 4 EK
69. Dependability X 1 2
70. 20 20 Depentablility Dependability
71. ES iPS
72. 3 1 20 1 2 D
73. 68 6 NG 6 1 WG WG 1 2 3 6 2 WG
74. 25 2 5 2 6
75. gt 54 4 lt gt gt FIC IAA ai 5
76. 4 lt 3 4 gt 1
77. 17 1 GMP
78. 3 10 3 11 3 12 sy 28 4 Cell processing center CPC 18 ISO13408 Aseptic processing of health care products
79. R R 80 R
80. WG WG 92 2 20 3 WG 2 1 1 1 20 11 19 2 WG WG 3
81. IT e Learning lt 3 3 gt 1 Vol 44 No 5 pp 251 259 2 21 http www ipa gojp jinzai itss Accessed 2009 03 30 3 4 PMDA
82. 1 3 3 WG 1 21 2 4 K 2 3 1 3 2 40 3 4
83. 20 5 WG WG 1 18 8 DNA
84. He JIS 48 8 1 16 11 15 Ne 19 2 12 3 28 526 3 12 12 28 No 29 Q amp A 4 17 2 16 0216001
85. 44 V 2015 35 5 4 1 4 2 4 1 45
86. 1mm 1cm 2 dependable dependable
87. 100 8901 1 3 1 TEL 03 3501 1562 FAX 03 3501 6613 URL http www meti go jp T 305 8566 1 1 1 TEL FAX 029 861 7014 E Mail human ws m aist gojp
88. WEB 2 108 20 11
89. PMA PMDA 11 3 2 1 3 4 1 5 3 5 1 1 OO
90. 4 1 4 1 ISO TC150 TC150 TC194 TC150 TC198 ASTM ISO ISO ISO TC TC194 ISO TC198
91. 74 10A 10 Ilwabuchi amp Kubota 1998 5 I 7 5 7 5 1
92. 1 4 2 ISO
93. 25 manual skills 26 27 manual skills
94. IbELTE AR HAE CH HHO DIL RAR HIER PHS CHS 41 FDA 1 DBS RE
95. 1 2 Medtronic tremor Medtronic Parkinson s disease Medtronic dystonia 2 RE RA EMER AT OTET RARAJN TABAT bha ERRA FDA Advanced Neuromodulation Systems pain Advanced Bionics pain Medtronic Spinal Cord Stimulation system pain St Jude Medical Spinal Cord Stimulation system pain 3 ee A D PAAR Cochlear MED EL Cochlear hearing neurofibromatosis type2 58 4
96. ISO ISO ISO pr I gt it 4 2 ISO TC198 Working Draft part7 ISO Working Draft 4 14 16
97. 1cm dependabillty dependability
98. 7096 PL 65 5 3 3 20 12 10 13 30 lt 15 30 1 2 411 3 WG 50 ABS MERE RA AAI RHE S AMA 4 BMI
99. SEGRE aa mW ze aa VTE a Fy eX aR g g igh xt se HE i m R HR Hg E D A L 1 TILE ye e i olo 2 dE 2 bt mean o ej 3 FYUUANRH Cadaver 10 Training pete gn meas o olo lolo 105 3 3 3 3 1
100. 1 2 2 1 A 24
101. 3 37 I 3 I V 2015 35
102. UP 1 3 2 1 1 WG 1 2
103. 3 2 5
104. LAL 4 2
105. fl WG WG AH F RE HE RE X RHE TES _ WG
106. 22 2 ISO 4
107. VAT
108. 1 TMS rTMS 2 WG 3 2 3
109. 1 3 2007 4 5 6 7 8 9
110. redandancy OO precision reporoducibility accuracy O dependable 3
111. 110 VI 1 12 3 ISO TC150 TC198
112. 10 WG WG WG RA
113. 1 1 20 6 5 2 da Vinci
114. 5 17 2 16 0216003 6 17 3 31 0331038 7 15 2 13 0213001 8 15 3 19 Ne 36 9 20 10 8 1008001 10 20 8 4
115. 18 84 19 4 1 19 3 30 0330010 12 2
116. OJT On the Job Training See one do one teach one 96 OJT 30 90 22
117. 2 da Vinci Intuitive Surgical FDA lt 3 2 2 1 3
118. 5 ec ee 1 1 WG ls 2
119. 1 lt gt gt 2 lt gt gt 3 lt gt
120. 90 Dull 21 WG Dependable
121. ll HivisCAS CG CG 11 NEDO CG CG
122. 3 4 27 3 5 85 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9
123. WG Part8 part7 NG part 21 4 3 CPC
124. WG Fitzpatric FLE fiduci
125. BION 2mm X 16mm PC Northwestern Univ Advanced Bionics LLC 2 NEeurommdulationHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Do HHUHHHH oo Bi oCortrol OAOT E EUH TEO eo Eo npul seDynam cs HOOOUOOD CAGE MODNE UE OR JUUDD Barorflexl 00 Cyber ki neti s O Ent er oMedi cs DODD rtraPace Lept osB onedi cal Be BLE ete ARNEE IN ntel ect Medi cal O00000 ND Medi cal Neuroneti cs HH 63 5 WG
126. Quality Management System 2 7 NO 8
127. 3 Dependability 2 3 3 3 2 redandancy
128. 7 5 2 8 BMI
129. 2 107 2 1 XX YY ZZ 2 PMDA
130. 3 1 3 1 1 precision temporal resolution 1 precision ATE reproducibility spacial resolution temporal resolution 2 calibration registration redundancy
131. gt 1 5 2 200 IH MRI 3 2 lt gt gt
132. a WG EA WG KE X BS 5h gt ae oe M m RR
133. 79 3 2 reference VEKALET A LY 3 3 3 3 1 dependability identification 2cm
134. WG 35 V 2 1 2015 2500 3 000 4 000 m 3 500 p 2 500 E Te 3 000 403 2 000 2 500 of pe 1500 1U 2000 x EP PE Eb 1 500 2 1 000 l p watt pe
135. WG E 75 1 Kajimoto Kawakami Maeda Tachi Tactile Feeling Display using Functional Electrical Stimulation Ninth International Conference on Artificial reality and Telexistence 1999 2 Kajimoto Kawakami Tachi Optimal design method for selective nerve stimulation and its application to electrocutaneous display Tenth Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems pp 303 310 Mar 2002 3 Nicolelis MA and Chapin JK Controlling robots with the mind Scientific American Oct vol 284 4 46 53 4 Hochberg LR Serruya MD Friehs GM Mukand
136. 95 12 13 validaity
137. usery Sk 82
138. BAI MR aR AIRA h Ah IU AR AYb ALERE m i jy sea RS AS RELI ZF LOKE i SS A i AF LOX BAO ar BAO B 47 2
139. Cadaver 3 1 5 Virtual Reality VR Box Trainer 23 24
140. X S RE RR WG 11 WG 1 1 WG 20 11 4 2 WG 20 12A 16 3 WG 21 1 20 2 1 WG 20 11 26 2 WG 21 1 9 3 WG 21 2 4 3 1 WG apare 10 8 2 WG 20 11 10 3 WG
141. 3 4 3 3 4 4 18 10
142. 17
143. 2008 2 2008 51 V 3 1 Quality of Life QOL D
144. PC 1 WEB 8 iTunes Store Apple Podcast NIH 2 e Learning WeBSurg 9 iPod Apple Amer
145. Y dependability dependability lt Dependability X X Y 81 Y dependable X
146. 3 3 3 dependability 1 dependable 2
147. 84 identification
148. 2 VNS Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy MHRA BARE Cyberonics http www cyberonics com 59 1 1 Neuromodulation E AXE oS DBS Medtronics SCS Medtronics Boston Scientific St Jude Sf Are Advanced Bionics Cochlear Tea Il e VNS Cyberonics 42 1
149. Y probability Dependability possibilty
150. 1 4 1 2 5 1 2 69 Se A HE HR IETA z a eer O MRM HEENA E HEr Abe 1 aR Ge Fie AY FE Rl ER E O A es B 6 3 6 3 1 ISO 14807
151. na B 4 1 15 m ISO14644 1 H FU 4 0 5 um es A lt 3 520 3 520 7 3 520 B x 352 000 352 000 O 3520 000 is 3520 000 D 18 ISO13408 1 2 3
152. 9 MRE C MRIS TB REAR lt Bt 62
153. 1 1 4 4 Ek 20 3 18 1115 1 15 104 1
154. 6 4 3 4 ISO 14708 1 1 JIS JIS T 0601 1 RU JIS T 0601 2 10 ISO 2 ISO 14708 1 JIS T 0993 1 2 1 JIS JIS T 0601 1 RU JIS T 0601 2 10 ISO 2 ISO 14708 1
155. Auditory Brainstem Implant Vagal Nerve Stimulation ISO JIS BMI
156. ON OFF 3 lt gt 3 3 AR as O wll HAITI MENHEAR DEFEN AED lt gt
157. 1 3 2 1cm p 0 05 1 4
158. 2 2 2 1 20 12 17 2 WG 93 WG 3 AS 1 BREEDS
159. LAN 2 9 26 2 10 LERENDE ZiR TORATE
160. ISO 1 CPC CPC CPC 80
161. EBM Evidence based Medicine 2008 ID 2009 2 1 Off the Job Training On the Job Training Work
162. UU D000000000000000000000UU A B C D 4 2 46 6 1 BEING Compression Hip Screw CHS 2 3 4 1
163. 20 3 WG AWG 2 2 db 21 B CHS
164. JIS T 0993 1 3 1 72 ECR RIDSE CEL BIRD CRESEN TLS 2 ISO 7 WG 7 1
165. 28 29 30 8 pp 15 20 97 1969 2005
166. 56 3 4 BMI M1 Hochberg et al 2006 3 100 96 HR ASX 4mm X 4mm X 1 5mm
167. 1 2 1 2 1 20 6 71 122 17 WG 4 1 1 JIS ISO uncertainty error accuracy CIPM 1993 Guide to the Expression of Uncertain
168. WHE HARA BMI 4 Gs 11 ISO 14708 part 3 5 4 4 21 1 22 13 00 15 00 1 2 C5 3 EJ
169. 4 1 NET Compression Hip Screw CHS 2 3 4 38 5 2
170. WG 20 WG WG 1 2 WG 20 elles 20
171. 19 http www meti gojp policy mono_info_service service iryou_ fukushi downloadfiles 200806 8 pdf ISO 23 1 1 1
172. B A A D 2 1 31 B 2 A B 3 A d 2 2 32 5 5 1 5 2 ISO9001 JIS T 60601 5 3 EC CE 98 37 EC 1998 08 11 EMC 89 336 EEC 92 31 EEC 1996 01 01 73 23 EEC 1997 01 01 RoHS UL
173. 0804001 11 21 3 6 Q amp A 12 21 3 6 0306004 J 13 21 3 6 Q amp A 14 21 3 6 0306001 J 15 21 3 6 Q amp A 16 21 3 6 0306007 49 U000 5 1 JIS T 0301 2000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHL 2 JIS T 0302 2000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHL 3 JIS T 0303 2000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHL 4 J
174. 3 2008 2 17 3 3 10 4
175. 2 4 B A B C 29 SERS HERI gt b 3 C OO HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 30 B 3 A 2
176. 1 10 On the Job Training OJT 3 3 2 106 3 3 3 e Learning IT ID 3 1 3 IT NT iT 2 IT 11 7
177. in vitro
178. ISO13408 1 Part 1 General requirements ISO13408 6 Part 6 Isolator systems 41 1 3 1 C D 42
179. http science howstuffworks com brainpor t3 htm O0 HPHHHH 61 Brain Port Balance Device Brain Port Vision Device University of Wisconsin Brain Port Balance Device TDU Visual system 7 Forehead Sensory Recognition System 2007 09 10 FDA FSRS 510 K 7 ace IlHHHHH HPHHHLH SAIM http www eyeplus2 com index html
180. 98 eee EN DRA 1 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 58 1981 2 N E Lane Skill Acquisition Rates and Patterns Issues and Training Implications Recent Research in Psychology Springer Verlag 1987 3B HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 9730 0000000008 2007 41 0000000000000 000W00U000 Vol 37 No 7 pp 459 520 1998 5 00000000000m00000000000Vvo 23 No 7 pp 1 44 2005 http Awww sanbi co jp rsj Conts Vol_23 Vol23_7 j html Accessed 2009 03 30 elUU0O0OU0O00000mD00000000 Vol 20 No 5 pp 509 548 2005 7j0000000000000000000000004Pttp www slgkst org Accessed 2009 03 30 8100000000000000000000000Vol44 No 1 pp 2 29 2009 9j000000004200000000000000VYol44 No 2 pp 1 37 2009 10 H Imamizu S Miyauchi T Tamada Y Sasaki R Takino B Puetz T Yoshioka M Kawato Human cerebellar activity reflecting an acquired internal model of a new tool Nature No 403 pp 192 195 2000 11 http www ccbi cmu edu project_Olautomaticity htm Accessed 2009 03 30 12JHHHHHH
181. 18 11 24 WG 6 19 5 21 18 WG 19 7 20 3 24 WG 8 21 3 17 WG 5
182. depentable 91 V 5 1 1 1 20 3
183. 94 3 20 3 1 3 1 1 Job Task Skill learn acquire Improve 3 1 2
184. ISO 10993 Part 1 Part3 Part4 Part 5 Part6 Part 11 IEC60601 2 10 JIS T 0601 2 10 6 4 2 JIS 1 JIS T 0307 2004 ISO15223 2000 JIS T 1011 1998 2 7 JIS T 0993 1 2005 ISO10993 1 2003 71 3 T JIS T 0601 1 4 JIS Q 13485 2005 T JIS Q 9000 2006 A JIS Q 9001 2000 5 HA JIS T 14971 2003 JIS Q 14971 1 2003
185. 3 3 4 5 1
186. WG JIS JIS WG ISO JIS 67 WIFE AR YC
187. ee 14 V 2 II 36 V 3 A OE EAC EE ED 52 V 4 acess cece cesseecsseesseessseesseessseessnessstesseeesseessneessees 77 V 5 LL I 92 111 1
188. Intra Cortical Micro Stimulation ICMS 150 500 m 1 m lt gt gt ICMS Deep Brain Stimulation DBS 4 lt gt
189. ea 2 3 3 1 21 01 15 2 WG WG 3 WG
190. WG 2 1 lt
191. dependable Dependability X X X X X OFA Y
192. X Y X Y X Y Dependability reliability robustness X Y dependable X Y dependable Etz dependability
193. 6 6 1 Culture 6 2 Culture process 6 3 Culture space 33 6 4 Culture vessel 6 5 pass box with decontamination 6 6 sealing
194. LTLTLTTTLTTTLTT NE ae ed ae LILTLTLTTTTLTTTTLTTLT CO LILTLTLTTLTLTT LJLTLTLTLTTLTTLTTLTTTTTTTTLT EE EE EE TE IE LILTLTLTTLTLTT HH HH N HH N N N N N 4 4 He HW WJ O HE Ol 3 WG WG WG WG WG WG WG X Rit Bil
195. KAWGO R SHRICOU CHADH OK ve FUKO les RIS OLYCRALE BMI LU LL BMI DBS DBS FDA
196. 2 11 2 12 2 13 3 3 1 ISO9001 3 2 3 3
197. 1 2 3 3 dependabiity
198. 20 20 21 3 QOL
199. ID ID Instructional Designer EDIL Instructional Designer Competency 20 ID e Learning 21 3 1 4
200. 20 12 10 4 WG 21 1 22 4 1 WG 21 2 17 2 WG 21 3 3 5 1 WG 20 11 19 2 WG 20 12 17 3 WG 21 1 15 12 V V 1 V 2 V 3 V 4 V 5 13 V 1 1
201. http www info pmda go jp nmdevices nmd index html Accessed 2009 03 30 2 http www mhlw go jp shingi other html iyaku iryou Accessed 2009 03 30 3 http www8 cao go jp cstp project tokku index html Accessed 2009 03 30 4 http www scj gojp ja info dantai Accessed 2009 03 30 109 4 4 1 20
202. 1 2 7 4 2 etc
203. 111 5 7 3 112 3 QOL
204. 3 3 14 00 16 00 C 5 Le eee ee 1 20 19 FE 17
205. 2 60 Universite Catholique de Louvain 4 CCD SecondSight 5 SecondSight amp USC AF Intelligent Medical Implants Univ of Tuebingen amp Retina Implant AG Harvard Medical School amp MIT Univ of Tuebingen amp Retina Implant AG Suprachoro
206. 1 6 3 2 MRI 6 3 3 70 6 4 6 3 4
207. 1 000 soo fH HH AHA HE re A 500 HH lt gt 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 F 2006 12 2008 2 20 36
208. 39 2 3
209. 87 4 1 2 3 4 5 Dependable depentable 1 depentable
210. HEPA 6 7 Culture system 6 8 Sealed vessel culture system 6 9 Sealed chamber culture system 6 10 CPC Clean room type cell processing center 6 11 CPC solator type cell processing center chamber 34
211. mental mode usery
212. 3 10 11
213. AE IHA HE ER ASHE TES WG 50 66 4 BMI JIS ISO Wx 2008 11 ISO14708 3 2008 11
214. Place Learning The Association for Surgical Education The Committee on Emerging Surgical Technology and Education Society for Simulation in Healthcare Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons ACGME The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education 2001 10 Outcome Project Outcome VR International Society for Computer Aided Surgery Medicine Meets Virtual Reality IEEE VR
215. AINE ABS 22 4 22 A AFFF E I 4 h PETS ESO ey tee BEZTES of lee 2 mm re BES HER gt WEF se Cochlear http www bionicear jp 0 O0 0 0 MED EL http www bionicearjp 1991 1996 FDA 1999 2000 5
216. HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1980 13 Bellock S L Lyons M Mattarella Micke A Nusbaum H C and Small S L Sports experience changes the neural processing of action language Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the U S A vol 105 no 36 pp 13269 13273 2008 14JHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2002 15 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2003 16 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH Dick amp CareyHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2004 17HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2004 na GE i EE E IIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2007 99 19 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH IIHHH elHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2008 20 The International Board of Standards for Training Performance and Instruction http www ibstpi org Accessed 2009 03 30 21 http Awww et soft iwate pu ac jp 4dportal Accessed 2009 03 30 22 M J Moore and C L Bennett The learning curve for laparoscopic cholecystectomy The Southern Surgeons Club American J ournal of Surgery Vol 170 pp 55 59 1995 23 Y Munz B D Kumar K Moorthy S Bann and A Darzi Laparoscopic virtual reality and box trainers is one superior to the other Surgical Endoscopy Springer Verlag Vol 18 No 3 pp 485 494 2004 24 T Kimura A Kawabe K Suzuki and H Wada Usefulness of a virtual reality simulator or training box for endoscopic surgery training Surgical Endoscopy Vol 20
217. IS T 0304 2002 00000000000000 5 JIS T 0305 2002 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 6 JIS T 0306 2002 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH SHHHHHL LOI 7 JIS T 0993 1 2005 HHHHHHHHHHH HHHEHHHHHH 8 JIS T 7401 1 2002 0000000000000 0 40 00 0 9 JIS T 7401 2 2002 00000000000000 20 Ti 6A 40 0000 10 J iS T 7401 3200200000000000000 0 30 T 6A 2N gt 1ma 11 J1ST 7401 4200200U0000000000000 0 40 1 152 4N 4Taj 12 JIS T 7401 5 2002 QOHOOOUOUUUUUUU00 O 50 T ON NO0000 13 J I S T 7401 6 2002 60 Ti 15M 57 3 00000 14 JIST 7402 1 2008 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1HiHHHH HHH HHHHHHHH 15 J IS T 7402 2 2005 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 20 0000 000 00 HHHUHHHL 16 J IS T 7402 3 2005 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH H 30 0000 000 00 HHHH HHUHHHHHHLH 17DJIST740242005 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH H 40 0000 000 00 HH HHHHH HHHHHH 18 JiS T 7403 1 2005 QHHUUUUUUUUUUU U 10 000000 19 JiS T 7403 2 2005 HHHHHHHHHHHHH 2UiHHHHHHHHL 20 J IS G 0577 2005 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 21 J iS Z 2241 1998 22 JIS Z 2244 2009 HHHHHHHHH HHHH 23 J IS K 7113 1995 OQ00000000O000 24 TS T 0011 2008 FOUUUUUUUUUUUL 25 JIS T 3011 2009 HHHHHHHHHHL 26 J IS T 3012 2009 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHL 2 7JIS T 0313 2009 HHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHH m _ A 50 10 1
218. JA Saleh M Caplan AH Branner A Chen D Penn RD and Donoghue JP Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia Nature 442 164 171 2006 5 Iwabuchi A Kubota K Laminar organization of neuronal activities in area 8 of rhesus monkeys during a symmetrically reinforced visual GO NO GO task Intern J Neuroscience vol 94 1 1 25 1998 URL http jscn umin acjp iinkai jiki028 html No 10 2006 34 71 72 2007 35 965 76 V 4 1
219. No 4 pp 656 659 Springer Verlag 2006 25 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Vol 8 No 20 pp 71 75 2006 26 G M Fried A M Derossis J Bothwell H H Sigman Comparison of laparoscopic performance in vivo with performance measured in a laparoscopic simulator Surgical Endoscopy No 13 pp 1077 1081 1999 27 R M Satava A Cuschieri J Hamdorf Metrics for objective assessment Preliminary summary of the Surgical Skills Workshop Surgical Endoscopy No 17 pp 220 226 2003 28 T Kumagai J Yamashita O Morikawa and K Yokoyama A New Force based Objective Assessment of Technical Skills in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Proc Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 15 Studies in Health Technology and Informatics IOS Press ISBN 978 1 58603 713 0 Vol 125 pp 235 237 2007 29 ProMIS TM Surgical Simulator http www haptica com Accessed 2009 03 30 30 M C Porte G Xeroulis R K Reznick A Dubrowski Verbal feedback from an expert is more effective than self accessed feedback about motion efficiency in learning new surgical skills The American J of Surgery Vol 193 pp 105 110 2007 31 HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Be A ds le el eda e 2007 100 3 2
220. al localization error FRE fiducial registration error TRE targel registration error TRE FRE TRE TRE 89 lt dependable WG 2 WG 21
221. ican Medical Association PRA Category 1 Credit s 3 XP 12 E 10 4 WEB 11 WEB 103 3 2 5 1 18 6 21
222. ida Transretinal Stimulation STS gt 5 3 3 9 VOR University of Washingtonite Catholique de Louvain T E Se i d a 6 AIRE RE N E wg 144 Tongue Display Unit TDU ieee
223. ty in Measurement GUM uncertainty GUM uncertainty A B ELT

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