平成17年版「車両安全対策の現状」
Contents
1. ASV ASV ASV2. 2 3 3 2 1 4
3. 16
4. 15 3 16 1
5. 2
6. 5 8 A B B C C
7. 100 OFF ON CO OO gt 8 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 km h 50km h OFF ON 2 WP29
8. AHOF AHOF AHOF AHOF VNT HNT Phase 1a
9. 1 1 6 010 1G00 30 168
10. 2002 10 148 2 LX x 17 4 2 2
11. 60 9 13 1 15 3 15 3 3 5
12. WMWIHICLJEM jm eh ah 2 4 3 31 1 2 7 1
13. 455 mm SS ii a SUV b c 2 2 11 2 1998 IHRA WG 2001 ESV PDB progressive deformable barrier
14. So gt 24 0 5 52 1 ee i Ak 1
15. 13 13 1 4 SOFI 1 1960 1 12 4 71 3 4
16. 1 0 2 8 1 1 1 1 5 5 2 08 5258 8111 42252 42256 141 1665 1770 1315 1420 480 500 1025 1055 1480 15
17. 9 30 15 9 15 10 24 15 12 25 BCE 25
18. 17
19. 153 ee a ll 1 2 2 0 4 0 4 0 3 4 O a a i 5 MI 8 3 kN 44 47 ER 199 67 34 51 90 0 224 2 2 2 3 3 0 3 5 4 0 69 31 43 38 0 634
20. 1000 km 1 5 5
21. ASV ASV 1 11
22. 2 4 15 10 17 3 17 9 e 17 9
23. 2 125 X125 mm 56 km h 125 mm wn 80 mm 3
24. 0 44s 0 42s 2 20s cctx1 a 20 GG Welncrty mm BP nnynff cctx 1 i 20 Welocity km h Time sec 1 10 1 10 2 20 1 20 4 4 11 451 16 7 3
25. 24 HRMD 2 7 1 BioRIDI HRMD 3 2 3 2 1 40
26. GTR IHRA WG 3
27. 2 1 2 1 a Time ms Moment Elongation Elongation Moment Nm Moment Nm Moment Nm Moment Nm 2 6 C1 5 21 6 21 0 ms 8 ms 16 ms 24 ms 32 ms 40 ms 48 ms 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative 2 0 oo 0 2 E Knee Shearing wg BE 4 G E 6 CC 8 10 Bending angle d
28. 10 9 5 5 1 5 5
29. RV 1 5 1 5 1 6t 1 4t 1 6t 1 2t 1 4t 0 1 0t 1 2t 1 0t 2 1 EN 15 2001
30. WP29 EVSC UN WP29 GRRF Ad hoc 12 NN 2 1 1 000
31. 2 1 818 2 30 50km h 20km h 8 3 70km h
32. BA 1997 BA BA BA 1 2 BA BA 2 1 BA BA
33. 100 n 875 722 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 20 39 40 64 65 n 419 442 n 355 381 n 100 899 N 1 831 064 20 39 40 64 65 n 940 407 n 729 382 n 161 275 16 5 16 70 60 50 lt 40 4 30 20 10 _
34. 11 6 14 10 24 5 000
35. 15 3 Me 15
36. JIS ECE 15 1 1 ECE ECE 12 1 1 ECE 12 4 1
37. 1 1
38. 16 1 8 4 10 8 52 23 23
39. 62 100 Ee 2982 30 1999 1993 1999 1999 24 IHRA EI ITARDA 1999 Mac Lenghlin et al Vehicle Interactions wth Pedestrians Accident Injury Biomechanics and Prev ention Springer Verlag N Y 1993 30 WP29 GTR
40. 17 AIS3 12 63 4 5 11 2
41. ACC gt Zr ON 4 ON 3 VT RY 5th 4th 3rd 4th 5th RE
42. 4 1 4 1 1 7 9 4 1 4 1 Car Impact speed Dummy Impactor Impact location m s
43. Leg 0 Shearing Bending 4 Leg 0 2 1
44. GVW7 gt 13 gt 12 3 8 15 6 11 12 13 14 15 ee 0 0028 35 0 0040 0 0030 20 11 0 0026 EE 9 10 4 0 0020 0 0010 11 12 13 14 15 0 0000
45. Ma 5 000 8 4 000 e 3 000
46. 42 5 22 48 7 23 54 3 8 11 56 9 57 9 ABS 2 8 25 10 13 8 3 11
47. 2004 12 NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration FMVSS 202 Fimal Rule NHTSA 270 000 17 000 2004 11 134 WP29 GTR 2005 2 1 GRSP GTR GTR 2004 12 FMVSS
48. 15 4 3 11 2 5 5m 5 1 5 8 15 5 5
49. 2 2 1 1 LCL 297 mm Thigh 3 strain 217 mm Thigh 2 strain Th igh 137 mm Flexible Thigh 1 strain ACL elongation PCL elongation Impact McL elongation TI 1 Knee Joint LCL elongation 1 Leg 1 strain mh Knee Joint Ligament restraint ey system Leg Ey Leg 3 strain Flexible Leg 4 strain A KS ya A 2 1 2 2 2 21 2 2 1 2 2 3 ver 1998 2000
50. SUV 1BOX ECE R95 ES 2 ES 2re SID Ts 7 13 2 2 1 3 Test No 1 ECE R9 ES 2 SID ILs Test No 2
51. 5 11 15 5 6 4 1 12 7 1 10 10 1 15 10 1
52. O EBS OABS CRS I II 0 I II I II SB
53. GT WP29 GRSP WG GTR WG GTR SA 9 Thiqgh Thig igh Flexible Knee Joint ligament restraint System Leg RGD Flexible Modified
54. 5 11 15 5 15 15 15 am mm 7 9 1 ABS 8 9 1 4 6 7 8 X
55. 2 1E 18 1 3 1 16 12 15 3 27 63 9 9 13 12 28
56. 4 1box 2 SUV SUV MDB IIHSMDB SUV IIHS SUV IIHS HPC
57. 17 4 22 5 13 MM 2 197 1 i 3 nn 2 0 4 2 2 100Mbps
58. ISOFIX ISOFIX ISOFIX 1958 ISOFTX ECE R44 TISOETX ECE R14 16 2 JAF 2005 4 6 49 1 103 13 036 1
59. SUV PDB EEVC PDB 80 kmh 64 km h ODB MDB 2 2003 2003 2004 1 IHRA Phase 1 IHRA 5
60. O corridor Hybrid l Thor NT BioRID I Impact Force kN Time mS 10 11 Hybrid III BioRID II Hybrid BioRID II ao 7 13 Hybrid gt Bio RID II lt Human Volunteer gt 0 ms 50 ms 70 ms 100 ms 150 ms 11 3 3
61. O 3 CO O EBS OABS CRS O 3
62. i en 12 100 80 60 40 20 0 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 12 16 88 5 16 0 39 11 1 90 Fs 3 E12 85 11 x 100 sj 80 0 95 J 1 SQ 80 7 1 0 9 75 ec 94 4 6 70 8 on
63. FUPS 11 11 1 2 I 15 1 SUV Sports Utility Vehicle 1box 2 SUV
64. 1 1 1 30Hz 100Hz 1 1Hz ASV GPS
65. 18 000 0 030 16 000 14 000 0 12 000 0 020 10 000 i 0 015 6 000 0 010 4 000 0 005 0 0 000 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 TT 1400000 1 40 1200000 1 35 1000000 1 30 800 000 2 ER 400 000 Le 200 000 1 15 0 1 10 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 1 0 030 0 020 0 018 0025 he 0 020 0 014 0 012 0015 0 010 0 008 0010 OR 0005 MM 0 002 0000 0 000 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 0
66. 2 ISOFIX ISOFIX ISOFTIX
67. 11 3 14 9 15 16 EBS 14 16 2 4 15 10 ee L CO 110 0 359 195 3 01 195 5
68. 5 11 15 5 15 11 15 5 VL ABS 7 13 gt 2 8 7 8
69. 7 15 3 2 8 CF 18 7
70. 30 ms Sedan SUV 30 ms 4 2 16 21 Ol 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 IHRA PS International Harmonized Research Activity Pedestrian Safety JARI P 4 3 50
71. i Wt Se sl Fa 3 4 2 a a 2005 2 1 1244 2
72. 12 13 GTR ISO IIWPG AV 15 16 kmh 8 9 G HYGE
73. 9 10 10 10 C 1 9 1 16 2 30 30m ON OFF 1 3 OFF
74. 94 7 993 7 702 15 ABS 1 15
75. 1 SUV e 2 SUV AHOF AHOF AHOF 7711 e SUV EEVC e AHOF
76. 3 14 9 WP29 GTR 17 2 18 GTR
77. 2 WP29 ECE GTR
78. B So TE T O I CRS O O 3 ISO FIX CRS y ZABS 57 41 gt 1
79. 63 1 6 4 10 10 7 11 12 4bC
80. IHRA SUV 3 IHRA I SUV
81. CF 15 5 16 lt i i EE EE MY gt li ME EE a 518 615 15 892 3889 538 396 108 755 9290 1 052 119 097 23 764 52 412 2 318 78494 651 134 77 594 7259 735 987 519 570 17 049 4011 540 630 108 937 9 461 1 069 119 467 23 801 52 676 2 331 78808 652 308 79 186 7411 738 905 RR GE gt 0 1838 6 7863 3 0416 0 4132 0 1671 1 8074 1 5903 0 3097 0 1555 0 5012 0 5577 0 3984 0 1800 2 0105 2 0510 0 3949 96 10 91 19 30 20 88 28 2
82. ABS DY DD 15 Te
83. G0 7t 8t 15 izoo pe 5 1 ie 800 a a 600 400 200 0 1 12 13 14 15 3 12 13 14 15 1 20 1 00 0 80 0 60 0 40 0 20 0 00 1 12 13 14 15 4
84. 2 4 15 10 WP29 GTR GTR IHRA
85. 3 1415 n 1012 n 352 0 n 44
86. IIWPG JInternational Insurance Whiplash Prevention Group FMVSS 202 Hybrid II IIWPG BioRID II EU Whiplash I TI RID 2 ISO TC22 SC10 WG1 EEVC WG12 GTR static NHTSA FMVSS 202 geometric EEVC WG20 ISO TC22 SC12 WVG5 IIWPG Rear impact EuroNCAP JNCAP test procedure Rear impact Injury criteria dummy mechanisms ISO TC22 SC12 WG6 ISO TC22 SC10 WG1 NR EEVC WG 12 EU Whiplashl 11 Volunteer PMHS OSRP USCAR TU Graz Austria Alianz ZT Germany ETH Switzerland Medical College
87. WP29 UJN Bconomic Commission for Burope World Forum for the Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations ECE 1938 WP29 O mg GRE GRPE GRRF GRSG Naoise CLighting and iemerml Smfntr Fmsmiwe Rmlet ES Light Pmllutlmn Brnkes and Provisions o signalling nnd Emer Runming Gear WP29 GTR Global Technical Regulations 1998 WP29 1958 1998 1958
88. SUV Sport Utility Vehicle 1 SUV LTV Light T
89. 2 LAN 1 1 1 1 0 2
90. CD 4 16 11 16 29 2 42252 42255 03 5253 8111 03 5253 8591 42312 42314 03 5253 8111 03 5253 8595 42523 42524 03 5253 8111 03 5253 8604 146 1 0
91. 159 3 E CE 1 2 y A 63 Et 64 65 66 2 67 L PG 68 69 70 71 2 2 72 n CA yk 76 t 18 82 An E yk 83 84 85 86 87 j 88 2 E
92. 24 5 30 30 24 30 24 1 15 1f 5 TT1 100 rr a i I TE aa i dl Li ii ia 0 EE 12 1
93. NF I amp 0D CA 0 169 ASV ASV ASV a ASV ASV ASV
94. 15 15 7 9 11 15 5 5 15
95. gt gt gt gt gt DA Fn J lt ECE 1
96. 2 3 2 5 GTR
97. 3 1 3 2 60 10 km h 26 18 20 29 80 89 40 BA 8S1 ee mm SE eokmh 3 1 3 2 579 3 2 3 3 3 3 50N 150N 100N 65 100N 3 3
98. ABS 15 ABS oO Kk a b
99. EBS 5 55 5 2 56 3
100. 1 2 3 a 1 6 1 1 4 a NE 1
101. 1 2 2 Ls 100 ee gt 60 40 20 ne lol esl ol orl Tos fos lol Pee for food on 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 10 13 OL 2 15 30 4 34 TS 14 0
102. JE AAAE yb 3 563 easgkyy 13 a 3 22X0 13 0 02 464 3 563X0 13 48 155 1 183 7 293 38 4 0 450 1 183 X0 38 37 5 1 203 12 Eo
103. ASV 7 1 3 14 9 ABS
104. LAN 17 10 8 ABS lt 4 i gt 6
105. IHRA International Harmonized Research Activities 1996 5 15 ESV International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles gt y 11 ESV EEVC Euronean Enhanced Vehicle safety Committee IHRA 6 6 6 15 ESV 17 ESV JHRA 16 ESV CIHRA EE ES ge COO a ITS 9 Es IHRA W ESV IHRA EEVC European Enhanced Vehicle Safety Commit
106. com 6 10 60 6 4 2 4 1 3 4 1 3 4 4 2 en N ari 3 2 1 2
107. SUV THRA NHTSA 1 2002 IHRA 2002 JNCAP AHOF AHOF
108. 3 4 6 7 gt 8 hhanp piriotegnenictthote 8 L 681 1 5 4 5 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 8 7 t 8
109. 32 31 No 27 2000 2 8 12 25 2 11 2 5 HP 12 4 6 JAF 17 4 20 4 30 7 1 ne 4 1
110. 143 TS 14 619 16 7 7 858 1 592 1 157 1 11
111. 7 13 7 13 7 13 1 2 5 5m 4 3 5 15 5
112. 5 4 5 5 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 3 4 ai 5 1 3 7710
113. 6 1 6 5 4 5 1 5 4 5 3 4 2 1 5 1 5 5 5 1 6 1 4
114. End of crash force Rebound force 10 11 3 PDB EEVC PDB PDB EEVC 4 EEVC VC COMPAT FUPS FUPS
115. ASV 16 ABS Anti 1ock Brake System
116. 1 No 9733026 1997 2 No 9740848 1997 3 No 9740839 1997 4 No 20015130 2001 5 H U Lucke Hydraulischer bremesassistent ATZ Vol 101 No 6 pp 470 475 1999 6 H J Feigel Mechanical brake assist SAE Paper No 1999 01 0480 1999 979 GE 1 8 2020 4 1 65
117. 11 1 13 8 122 14 7 84 3 5 7 16 12 97 8 EVSC 9
118. 7 9 11 15 5 5 15 15 10 9 11 15 5 5
119. GTR 1 2000 2000 No 20004253 p30 2 Konosu A Tanahashi M 2003 Development of a biofidelic pedestrian legtorm impactor Introduction of JAMA JARI legform impactor ver 2002 Proc 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicle Paper No 378 3 Konosu A Tanahashi M 2003 Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform Impactor Stapp Car Crash Journal Vol 47 pp 459 472 4 Konosu A Issiki T 1anahashi M 2005 Development of a Biofidelic Flexible Pedestrian Leg form Impactor Flex PLI 2004 and Evaluation of its Biofidelity at the Component Level and at the Assembly Level SAE technical paper series 2005 01 1879 5 European Bnhanced Vehicle safety Committee EEVC Working Group 17 1998 Improved test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection afforded by passenger cars 6 Ishikawa H et al 1993 Computer Simulation of impact Response of the Human Body in Car Pedestrian Accidents SAE Paper No 933129 7 Schroeder G et al 2000 Injury Mechanism of Ped
120. 4 8 5 11 1
121. 8 11 3 2004 IHRA Phase 1 SUV SBAS 2004 Phase 1a 2004 SUV SUV SUV SUV
122. 2 5 10 8 km h 6 T6 23 4 kg 17 kmh 5 6 4 13 GOL 7 TI HA TA 8 Ave S D T1 HA TA
123. 2 4 2 Lower Bumper 335 mm High bumper 640 mm IHAR PS K3 200 N mm 11 1 m s 4 9 m s can Simulate the thigh and With leg bending upper body motion Without upper body Low bumper High bumper 4 3 4 2 Car Impact speed Breaking Pedestrian model Impact location Shape stiffness m s m s with upper body without upper body horizontal vertical Hs Low bumper K3 11 1 4 9 Q car center ground level High bumper K3 11 1 4 9 O O
124. 60km h BA 4 BA BA BA 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 N N a b 50 100 50 100 _ 40 80 80 _ EE 30 60 60 lt 20 40 40 HR 10 20 20 0 0 0 gs a 8 32282888 N N s a b 6
125. 1 1 1 H17 1 18 03 5253 8111 42255 FAX 03 5253 1639 176 7 1 1 1 6 5 ABS 2 7 15 ABS
126. 3 31 7 15 Xx 7 8 X 12 31 7 gt 8 3 6 7 LEX 251cc 126cc 250cc 25cc 8 9 1 9 15
127. 50 5 EQ E gt
128. ED 1958 147 1 1 0 0 3 1 2 6 12
129. 15 9 10 1 7 gt 7 8 7 9 es 3 6 7 11 15 5 5
130. 10 5 256MB 50 2 60 55 1 8 100 5 1 2 1 NO gt
131. 3 8 2 27 6 654 313 52 16 1 2 b 1000 k m 1 5
132. BA BA 9 9 8 8 7 Sp g 9 E 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Tz kK TN N a F 1 b F 2 9 9 8 8 lt 7 MO 7 6 g 6 5 5 4 4 Ey 3 3 A ay Ey 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 N N c F 3 d F 4 2 3 BA 4 9 OL 3 3 1 26 30m
133. 0ICA GESP Ad hoc Cab Strength SAE2420 2 Car to truck VC Compat 2006 3 RUP 3 4 FUP RUP RUP RUP RUP FUP FUP ECE R93
134. 455 mm ll iti a SUV b gh J 29 IHRA 1 3 3 14 9
135. 1 MM 2 1 w SEAS Deformable W o SEAS Deformable w a w SEAS Rigid MN OO Oo kN 87kN 100 kN 900 400 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 m KN b 9 11 6 1 IHRA
136. ECE 14 16 3 ISOFIX CRS QSOFIX CRS 4 15 10 ISOFIX BCE 14 16 ISOFIX ISOFIX 15 6
137. MDB MDB 1 10 2 2 3 Yonezawa H Harigae T Ezaka Y Japanese Research Activity on Future Side Impact Test Procedures No 267 17thESV 2001 4 Side Impact Crash worthiness Evaluation Program Development Status Report II 16 1 1998
138. Leg 0 10 ms 1 2 76 170 cm 48 kg 3 1 50 0 12 21 Moment Moment Moment Elongation Elongation Moment Moment Nm Moment Nm Moment Nm Nm Nm WHR NOR ODE NOR CN 2aNOR NN TOO OOOO OOOO TOO HI T T oo T T T T Wl T T mm mm Nm Nm 0 ms 8 ms 16 ms 24 ms 32 ms 40 ms 48 ms 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative Thigh femur Knee MCL ACL PCL Leg tibia Injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative Leg fibula 7 CD
139. JASO ECE R29 1992 RUP RUP KUP 1 4 5 gt GVW 8ton GVW 8ton 3 5 GVW 8ton 1 lt 2 gt GVW 8ton 3 5 GVW 8ton GVW 8ton 2 1
140. 5 1 5 8 10 4 3 5 5 1 5 5
141. GTR 1 0 GTR GTR GTR
142. GTR 2 2002 10 NULL 15 16
143. A 1 500cc 3 AU B 1 500cc 2 000cc i 3 40 7 43 9 3 44 2 48 5 C 2 000cc 4 2 2 3 41 5 50 5 3
144. ASV 3 1 ASV ASV 3 ASV ASV 58 170 5 a
145. rigid steel plate 3 2 4 3 3 Shearing Thigh attachment RIGID part moVe cn Knee Shearing displacement Knee Bending Impact CM Knee Joint 66 mm Leg 0 A acceleration Leg RIGID 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 2 5 C1 C3
146. 2 ECE R14 2 RCR R14 15kg 5 8 CRF CRE
147. 1 BA BA BA BA BA BA BA 7 BA 26 1 9 2 BA 2 BA
148. 10 10 12 6 238 16 12 2 3 11 16 272 329 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 12
149. 3 4 10 11 15 0010 0014 0016 0 026 0 023 0 034 1982 n 136 n 19 n 414 n 37 n 9 15 15 15 16 6 4 1 sl gl 4 ee 11 12 27 12 4 1
150. 7 7kg 15 1 1 3 4kg 13 3 2 2 1
151. 16 16 19 256 65 7 76 397 27 969 148 106 L223 1 6 om i 7 io EE 70 74 223 7 50 280 1o gt EE 0 488 66 69 08 1 1 EL ED ij TE 1 Ea on 0 IL dLml BlW S00 ELml 276 16 19 262 395 33g gma 20rz4 za jr dd 20950 TD 427 BI A gi a37 82 am 388m0 1 oa sgg g7 35 g73 395 ol OE i5 agggg4 baa1 457 461 aa1 T 5z g4OM 5 55 3 as3 419 3B D 2220488 e 349 2038040 ea 387 256 EE 70 74 352 4 190063 7 G36 705 EOD Som AOOO 30 2oo 1mmn _n ooo 2mm0 3000 MOOO 50m Em 5254 1502 85 3323ts2 Tsel 1 16
152. JNCAP s N 1 SUV AHOF 2002 SUV 2 SUV
153. 1 2 8 FUP FUP RUP
154. 83 2 350 37 7 2 ISOEIX 1 7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 73 6 1 4 48 8 0 5 30 4 6 49 1 1
155. IHRA JNCAP e e AHOF 400 mm 300 mm AHOF AHOF e AHOF SUV 2
156. 16 1 600 J J 1174 1800 a 2 16 10 5 me 275 881 28 251 304 132 90 7 780 44 448 12 164 56 612 78 5 4 184 51 538 55 722 bU9n 80 100 UM 80 100 JAF
157. 4 1 3 Le 1 4 5 4 2 1 2 6 9 1 3 2 2
158. 9 10 1 5 11 15 5 6 1 0 2 8 80 000 240 4 lt 200 o 500kg 12 000 60 000 _ x 125cc 180 10 000 50 000 160
159. ELECTRONIC VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL EVSC 2 WP29 EVSC 4 EBS EBS 3 14 9 a 3
160. 251cc 11 12 13 14 15 MS 30 0 0003 25 0 20 00019Q 0002 0 0001 0 0002 4 5 0 0000 11 12 13 14 15 GE 4 30 25 20 11 12 13 14 15 2 ABS 4 3 4 4 7 8 7 9
161. HRMD HRMD 8 13 lt 0l 11 mm 13 mm mm 12 3 4 Hybrid III BioRID I BioRID II Repeatability Reproducibility 5 3 ISO ITWPG 1 My 1 9 X 3 1 5
162. 15 15 4 3 11 15 5 5 15 De i
163. 08 OS 158
164. 10 4 3 5 5 1 5 5 6S 7 9 5
165. EEE SSkmih RI 165 6 ASV SY ADVANCED SAFETY VEHICLE LI i I ls mM En 3 13 1 7 ASV ASV ITS 167
166. Thor NT BioRID II 160ms Hybrid II Thor NT BioRID I 150ms BioRID II DD SS corridor Hybrid il Thor NT BioRID Il Head Torso Rotation deg Time ms 9 T1 10 Hybrid II 11 9 kN Thor NT 8 9 kN BioRID II 6 3 kN 6 13 4 kN BioRID II 1 5
167. MDB 3 2 2 4 7 HPC 300 4 SUV 406 1box 582 Thorax Defl 16 0mm 4 SUV 17 6mm 1box 23 8mm Abd Defl 15 1mm SUV 6 9mm 16 0mm Pubic Force 0 42kN 4 5 13 0 61kN SUV 0 7SKN SID Ils
168. b Thorax Rib Deflection a HPC 3000 60 0 Thorax U Rib Defl horax MRib Defl Thorax L Rib Defl 2500 50 0 2000 40 0 1500 30 0 1000 20 0 m NII 00 Deflection mm d Pubic Force lliac Force Acetabulum Force c Abdominal Rib Deflection Pubic Force liac Force Acetabulum Force AbdominalURD Defl AbdominalLRD Defl 2 5 60 0 2 0 _ 50 0 E 40 0 1 5 5 30 0 5 1 0 20 0 bi ml LL 0 Er 89 Minivan 1box IHS MDB R95 MDB SUV Minivan 1box IIHS MDB R95 MDB 7 HPC Thorax Defl SUV 1box
169. Tyres Safety Glazing Controls and Displays Vehicle Classificat1on Masses and Dimension Pedestrian Safety EC Head Restraints ww Heavy Duty OBD Off cycle Emissions World wide Heavy Duty Certification Procedure WHDC World wide Motorcycle Emission Test Cycle WMTC Non road Mobile Machinery PM Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Vehicles or Field of Vision Side Impact Dummy Compatibility Intelligent Traffic Systems ITS 4 WLTP Lower Anchorages and Tethers for Child Safety Seats
170. ee 2 EBS 12 13 13 2 13 lt 2 13 8ton 1 2 1 3 7 7 11 2 1 68 8 0 11 54 5 0 22
171. 116 62 50 170 150 130 110 18 7 62 23 17 6 2 1 ey 7 50 18 18 Hil 116 42 16 12 400 350 300 _ 250 mg a Beste 1 13 14 15 16 12 3 3 1 3 1 1
172. IHRA 50 WG 254mm ISO TR14933 OOP EEVC WG13 FMVSS201 gt OOP Out Of Position 2 EEVC European Enhanced Vehicle safety Committee WG13 2 AE MDB Advanced European Mobile Deformable Barrier EBEVC 4 9
173. x 5 15 X x 500kg X 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 1 3 15
174. A C A C 5 A C A 5 A 24 AA 6 5 6 7 0 44s 0 42s 2 20s
175. 2003 2 3 MNO 2 LX 3 17 6 14 1 6 1 3 1 6 1 6 5 9 2
176. s AHOF e e s e e ODB 64 km h JNCAP ee
177. 3 06F 15 1 0 7 6 QD 10 5 15 40 000 pm 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 11 12 13 14 15 ee 5 a 0 3896 1400 0 60 a 1200 1 400 0 50 1000 1
178. 1 1 H 5 00 100 100 2 00 12 9 lt
179. 4 JAR1I 3 i 4 H1 6 9 WG 1 1
180. 6 ASV 4 36 7 36 1 ASV ASV 9 9 ASV ASV
181. GTR 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 1
182. 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 Hk BHD H s 1 2 3 3 1 3 2 Impact speed 3 2 Estimated knee height Car Information Pedestrian Information Statistical data Normalization Base Estimation Hrk BHD Model Impact Breaking L Gender Age Hr Wr Hr avg SDir
183. a E N e AHOF AHOF e e Relative homogeneity assessment b
184. 17 3 0 2 5 1 946 2 0 i 1 5 1 031 1 0 0 584 0 5 _0 395 0 452 0 0 gt 16 48 8 8 _ 1 ee 130 1 62 gt 257 70 1 039 8 1 794 KEY LL se S 16 2 0 ee 0 8 6 1 930 8679 4 056 ee ee 2 263 18 914 I 2 936 130 2 714 1703 99
185. 3 0m s2 0 31G 9 0m s2 0 92G 2 2 ec S2 S83 BA S2 S3 BA 2 9 ol MPa s S1 3 0m s2 lt A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 MP MPa a S1 a S1 ai MPa MPa b S2 b S2 5 ww 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MPa MPa c S3 c S3 2 1 BA 2 2 BA 2 2 BA 2 2 1 BA
186. 2 3 4 5 6 61 40 3 ABS EBS ISO FIX
187. 54 2 99 2 3 ee RR 6 is NY TO Re 7 0 0 7 0 eet
188. FMVSS214 Draft 32km h 75 254mm 3 3 1 MDB MDB 8 8 13 Test No 1 Test No 1 MDB Test No 3 8 MDB Test No 1 Test No 3 9 Test No 2 ES 2 Test No 3 ES 2re HL P Level Thorax LevelSide Sil Test No 2 ES 2 10 Dummy head HPC ECE R95 HPC ES 2 HPC 11 Thorax Rib Defl ECE R95
189. 2 13 1998 SUV SUV 395mm 376mm 20mm 915mm 736mm 180mm 320mm a 854mm 120mm 1box 360mm 75Smm IIHS MDB 379mm 1138mm 400mm IIHS MDB
190. 25 4 5 8 0 3 7 3 8 n 195 4 4 S 10 3 3 8 5 10 3 3 9 7 2 n 176 3 9
191. 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 2 5 3 5 3 7 3 3 14 15 1 3 1 6 http www mlit go jp http www nasva go jp
192. 1 341 1 341 872 872 1 ABS 2 24 11 6 30 17 600 22 1 200 30 24 1 15 15 872 30 1 003 17 600 22 1 200 4 2 1 4 15 10 14 4
193. 12 3 5 16 30 lt 9 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 12
194. 6 6 8 50 X9h Velositydkmit BPwnotf hcctx10 Gi 20 Welocity km h Time ssc 1 10 1 10 2 20 1 20 7 7 5k m h 0 0 96G 0 8G 5 8 20 A A
195. 8 8 2 FLX1 X 16 12 2 1 2 6 6 7 7 0 1 7 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 6
196. 60 0 30 40 0 20 20 0 10 0 11 12 13 14 15 0 00 11 12 13 14 15 1 0 8 15 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 11 12 13 14 15 6F 11 12 13 14 1 80 1 60 1 40 1 20 1 00 0 80 0 60 0 40 0 20 0 00 600 500 400 300 200 100 2299 5is9
197. 2 4 l 3 1 BCB R29 BOF 10 GRSP ECE R29 1 UK Proposa1 UK Proposal ECE R29 BOF 10 1 1500 250 1250 250 1250 250 0 60 100kN 98kN 1 ee 2 TE np smsrosceiis ECE R29 GRSP
198. HYGE 3D HRMD Head Restraint Measuring Device 1 13 4 BioRID II 5 3 3 1 1 NHTSA FMVSS 202 GTR EEVC WG20 ISO TC22 SC12 WGS
199. 10 4 15 10 FUP 16 FUP 1994 FUP ECE 93 2003 EU WG ECE 93 A CT WG FUP 36 7 lt 8 7 gt 53 0o
200. 11 12 13 14 15 3 5 4 13 14 5 4 6 4 1 8 1 1 11 4 1 13 y 10 Pr 4 11 4 0 6 eg 4 4 11 3 10 40km h 40km h 40km h lt lt 10 10 12 6 La TO
201. 5 2 5 2 2 3 2 5 3 5 3 5 1 2 1
202. 7 9 1 8 9 1 8 9 1 7 9 1
203. LE C 2049 17 9 26 03 5253 8111 42252 42255 03 5253 8591 1 14 7 15 619 89 LAN 17 10 1 2 10 LAN
204. 1 3 5 6 50 gt 2 SS 14 100 15 70 80 8 12 16 100 100 17 3 18 19 20 21 22
205. 251cc 8 9 1 9 15 126cc 250cc 125cc 1 4 5 2 15
206. My 3 3 Fx 5 0 3 0 C V Coefficient of variation 5 10 10 Fz My Hx ACC 10 3 BioRID 9 13 1 BioRID II Standard Repeatability Reproducibility SS 276 2 232 4 318 6 153 5 168 7 177 2 206 2 231 9 215 7 648 9 3 4 1 13 3 5 15
207. 15 11 11 15 AB S H15 1 7 a a a EE 7 13 1 076 622 10 2 8 Ma 264 250 10 2 8 5 a 0
208. ASV ASV 3 10 3 7 8 12 1 3 17 1991 1995 1996 2000 001 005 ASV 19 ASV 35 ASV ASV ASV ah ASV cg
209. 5 1 5 5 2 8 gt 7 9 5 5 1 5 5
210. ISOFIX 3 ISOFIX 3 7 4 4 1 ECE 58 FMVSS 1 ISOFIX ECE RCE R44 4 5 W2 ECE ECE R44 10kg
211. 26 ma AN 195 x0 13 3 ei 70 6 62 7 139 PN 88 23 26 X0 88 15 0 19 155 0 8896 pe 3 3 78 22 1 1 121 155X0 78 i 2
212. HA TA Angle deg Ave 1 S D Hybrid ll Thor NT BioRI I RID 0 50 100 150 200 250 Time ms 7 T1 HA TA 8 T1 T1 HP T1 27 mm Hybrid II Thor NT TI 8 mm BioRID II RID 2 Hybrid III Thor NT 20 mm 5 13 60 Ave 1 S D Hybrid ll Thor NT BioRID I RID2 Distance mm NO T1 E DD K 20 0 50 100 150 200 250 Time ms lt 4 mm 8 T1 T1 HP 9 TI Hybrid III
213. ISOFIX ISOFIX 4 ECE R44 2 ECE R44 4 ECE R44 ECE R14 5 ECE R14 R16 ECE R14 R16 ISOFIX
214. PUP 1 ITARDA No48 2004 2 4 4 1 6 1 4 WP29 GRSP GTR Global Technical Regulation
215. 42252 03 5253 8111 03 5253 8591 144 Warning System Seat Belt Buckle Switch 1 1 1 1 5 1 2 5 10 11 1 13 14 1 2 2 x1 nn lt
216. EE 4 3 11 15 5 5 15 15 ms 6 4 1 5
217. IIHS MDB MDB 2 2 1 1 SUV Test No 1 1box Test No 2 3 IIHS MDB Test No 4 4 4 ECE R95 Test No 4 50km h SRP 1 Dr IIHS MDB ee
218. IOS 10 2 8 10 2 8 0 12 7 1 56 2 8 10 10 1 15 10 1 x 6 10 2 8 2 8 X 10 X 2 8
219. y0L 700mm 700mm 10 50 000 15 1 7 7 4 a 40 000 35 000 Wm 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 11 12 13 14 15 SS 800 1 00 IN 10 600 700 0 80 500 600 400 500 0 60 300 400 0 40 200 300 100 200 0 20 0 I 11 1
220. Max structural force End of crash force Rebound force MDB FMVSS 214 PDB 6 11 SUV AHOF AHOF AHOF VNT
221. SUV 1box IHS MDB 2 1box IIHS MDB 3 3 13 R9SMDB 4 4 Side Sill 3 H JP IIHS MDB 1box SUV 3m HP IIHS MDB Thorax
222. USB2 0 IEEE1394
223. gt 17 11 45 16 765 54 8 466 4 11 451 15 46 8 7 702 16 300 7 358 16 15 10 5 000
224. 1 05 1 5 2000 II 80 000 1 800 70 000 7t 8t 60 000 251cc 1 600 7t 8t 1 400 251cc 50 000 1 200 126cc 250cc 126cc 40 000 CC 250cc 1 000 800 Se MM 125cc soooo 600 20000 lt x 400 memoeneruresoe 0 000 200 0 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 HI HI2 H13 HI4 H15 0 Q xm xx SN H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H
225. 5 1 5 5 3 7 8
226. 720mm lt 813mm 800mm a d 915mm e 55G 30G 600mm 800mm 70 137N 2 5 s 71kN 50N 9 12 90N 40N 62N 3 200N 6 270N 35 45 s 360 180 300mm 3 CRS OCRS CRS 450mm 500mm 550mm 25mm 500mm CRS18kg 500mm 500mm CRS18kg 560mm 25mm 38mm 3 6kN 38mm 3 6kN 5 0kN 5 0kN 7 3kN 7 2kN
227. 8 ABS 7 13 5 4 14 10 7 6 3 15 7 7 8 9 53 10 12 9
228. HRMD Head Restraint Measuring Device 2 25 26 27 2 IHRA
229. a 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time ms 3 3 Car 3 13 21 0 ms 8 ms 16 ms 24 ms 32 ms 40 ms 48 ms 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative 10 5 EE ee Knee Shearing S ES 4 5s8E DO G E 0 2 4 35 gt Knee Bending So 20 DPR 15 SS 10 5 5 ii m 2 3000 5 2500 Leg 0 a000 ES 5 1500 Tw E1000 8 500 0 500 1 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time ms 3 4 Car3 3 4 1 2 4
230. 1 IHRA IHRA WG 1997 6 2001 WG WG 2001 PDB MDB 5 NHTSA 2004 1 IHRA Phase 1 IHRA Phase 1a 2006 IHRA Phase 1a IHRA Phase 1 AHOF average height of force VNT vertical negative deviation from target load HNT horizontal negative deviation from target load homogseneity AHOF
231. 100 1 12 000 1 200 000 1 200 000 11 000 1 100 000 1 189 702 1 100 000 10 000 1000000 53 1 000 000 9 000 2 900 000 4 900 000 8 000 800 000 8 747 800 000 7 000 700 000 1 1 700 000 6 000 600 000 30 1 600 000 5 000 500 000 500 000 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 my S00 T 00 9 1 1 118 100 1
232. 14 7 15 619 64 1 3 17 10 1 2 3 15 3 28 3 15 3 28 J
233. 16 16 _ 98 922 14 100 1 4 9 7 EE 689 _ 15 4 157 3 5 133 893 LIN 13 2 a 60 979 6 0 385 8 6 2 623 0 3 1072 23 9 il iy yy HH 3 i HH 704 617 48 1 AL 22 05 2003 6 7 6 23 12 6 4 13 6 21 7 2 12 15 35 HP
234. 455 mm 250 mm IHRA 2 Sports Utility Vehicle SUV
235. GTR WP29 3 EMC EMC ECE 10
236. Thorax Defl V C 39 4mm 0 672m s SUV 1box IIHS Thorax Defl 43 2 50 2mm V C 0 915 1 52m s IIHS MDB Upper Rib Thorax Defl V C TIHS MDB Lower Rib IIHS MDB Abdo Force 1 62kN 1 19kN 1box 2 14kN Pubic Force 3 68kN 3 34kN 1box IIHS MDB 5 63kN 1box IIHS MDB SUV 4
237. 3 3 TT 1 5 1 RUP FUP 2004 10 FUP FUP RUP GRSP OICA ECE R29 2
238. 45 5 a RT RN 1 Ale L112 6 8 2 89 1 112 X0 08 8 ww AM 6 1 6X0 08 a 24 769 7 69 16 58
239. ASV 1 a EAI Mk TE Hh Bs 0 0 2 WG 3 16 16 4 3 1 GPS
240. OOP BEVC WG13 AE MDB JASIC IHRA WG MDB cc EE Advanced a Insurance Institute for Highway EEVC WG13 Safety IIHS MDB MDB 1500kg ECE 95 50km h MDB 1500mm MDB 1500kg 32km h
241. 0 3m 6 1m 0 3m 6 A A OO OVA Ca 63 63 P2 3 3 2 2 4 65 65
242. 1 3 0 24 5 30 30 24 30 24 1 15 8 14 282 920 15 294 668 11 748 16 297 182 2 514 9 14 243 114 15 244 998 1 884 16 251 601 6 603 TI 1 100 a TT TE ll Pa egEEgrgaad13335373 65355575961 24 68101214156 2 2
243. 2 3 tibia MCL ACL PCL femur 30 50 injury risk level for 50 Body regions percentile American male References tentative Leg Tibia BM 312 350 Nm BM 312 Nm Kerrigan et al 2004 BM 350 Nm INF GR PS 82 BA 18 deg Ivarsson et al 2004 NB MO Es on BA 20 deg INF GR PS 82 ACL PCL EL 10 mm SD 10 mm IHRPS 309 Thigh Femur BM 372 447 Nm BM 372 447 Nm Kerrigan et al 2004 BM 390 395 Nm Kennedy et al 2004 BM Bending moment EL Elongation BA Bending angle SD Shearing displacement Estimated from BA 18 20 deg Estimated from SD 10 mm 4 21 SL 2 4 fibula Injury risk level for 50 percentile Body regions American male References tentative 0 ms 8 ms 16 ms 24 ms 32 ms 40 ms 48 ms Leg Fibula BM aruond 100 220 Nm lvarsson et al 2004 BM Bending momentt 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile Injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative Thigh femur American male tentative Leg fibula Knee MCL ACL PCL Leg
244. Kahane US NCAP AHOF AHOF 3 EEVC EEVC WG15 2006 11 9711 2010 PDB ODB ODB EU VC COMPAT
245. TDN YI RIN 96 97 98 2 99 7 100 101 CO02 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 2 110 CNG 111 112 113 114 115 CNG LPG pn 8 Ap 12 277 13 mM NR a H4 An
246. 16 1 2 Fr 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 EE 16 24 324 5 917 10 6 42 6 A 24 20 767 9 0 604 0 3 Ma 172 518 75 1 229 567 16 3 10 3 _ ee 0 0 0 9 31 0 0 0 0 11 37 9 29 20 7 UN 45 46 H17 HH17 42
247. 4 1 4 1 1 11 ABS 4 1 2 15 ABS
248. JAF 2005 6 9 1 39 7 2 20 1 3 5 8 10cm 5 4 21 4 5 4 8 3cm 37 7 2 2 10kgt 3cm ea a eh 10cm 40 8 n 1 619 3cm 3cm 10cm 10cm 2 JAF 2005 6 9 2 7 3 ISOFIX ISOFIX
249. 1 2 3 4 OEM 5 150 2 A 1 500cc gt i es B 1 500cc 2 000cc i 4 5 4 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 C 2 000cc
250. 1 LTV PBAS Part 581 509 2 1 SEAS SEAS Part 581 V ww SEAS 400 mm 100 kN 2007 9 50 Phase I 2009 9 Phase II 3 SUV SEAS SEAS Phase III 1 2 Phase I 4 11 3 IHRA Phase 1a IHRA Phase 1a 1 LTV
251. 3 4 3 4 100N 200N 150N 150N 50 3 5 500N s 2000N s 1000N s 1000N s 559 S1 BA 2000N s 2000N s 20 3 5 8 6 9 8m s2 1G ABS 3 6 1 BA
252. 9 8m s2 2 BA BA 6 9 LE 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 N N a 500 600 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 co N b 3 3 100 200 300 400 500 FOOD Tx a 600 700 800 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 400 500 600 100 200 400 300 FOOD DR 3 4 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
253. EuroSID 1 ES 2re SID IL sFRG ES 2 SID IL s 27 ES 2 16 17 234mm 75 ES 2re SID ILsFRG 2 18 2 MDB 20 AE MDB
254. ISOFIX OF PD JT Pe S FI x xx x x lt xx xx xx x x CRS x 5 7 5 ISOFIX ISOFIX ECE R44 ECE R14 ECE R16 1 ECE R44 2005 5 GRSP
255. ECE 10 ECE 10
256. EE C C A C UL 5 A C B A C A 7 8 4 16
257. HRMD GTR HRMD Head Restraint Measuring Device HRMD HRMD 5 1 5 HRMD 12
258. 3 10 3 8 n 327 0 3 12 5 No Dn 7 6 FLFLFLFL 14 4 i EE 21 1 8 0 15 6 3 10 4 4 1 Web
259. 1box 3 2 3 2 1 4 6 HPC 194 4 IIHS MDB 300 480 IIHS MDB 2634 4 13 HP 5 i a HPC b Thorax Rib Deflection 3000 Thorax U Rib Defl Thorax M Rib Defl Thorax L Rib Defl 60 0 2500 50 0 2000 40 0 1500 G 30 0 1000 20 0 500 10 0 0 SUV Minivan 1box IIHS MDB R95 MDB SUV Minivan 1box IIHS MDB R95 MDB c Thorax Rib V C d Abdominal Force Pubic Force Thorax ULRib V C Ihorax MRib V C Thorax L Rib V C Abdominal Force Pubic Force 2 000 6 00 5 00 1 500 4 00 1 000 g 3 00 5 gt LU 2 00 0 500 1 00 na 0 000 Minivan Gy IHS MDB R95 MDB Minivan 1box IIHS MDB R95 MDB 6
260. 4 2 P NCAP Primary Safety New Car Assessment Program NCAP 2004 Dry Sin 3 OSin Sin with Increasing Amplitude Sin with Dwell YASR Yaw Acceleration Steering Reversal 576 1 ELK US0 3888 2 2 Sin 1 Sin with Increasing Amplitude 2 Sin with Dwell Handwheel Angle 1 3 9 1 Sin with Increasing Amplitude time 6 6 W1 1 1W 0 25 W2 W 1 0 W3 1 3W 0 25 400 Handwhee
261. I II 7 2 13 6 9 10 11 2 3 3 2 1 16 32 46
262. 12 10 0 65 0 76 7 000 6 500 5 000 5 500 5 O00 4 500 4 000 3 B00 3 O00 12 6 24 10 6 15 4 6S 4 15 2 25 29 30 39 4 49 5 59 6 5 12 10 4 16 65 12 53 16 24 6 88 60 64 6 56 10 35 00 _
263. 13 121 1 203X0 1 10 0 50 2 10 0 12 X0 1 0 94 961 A 12 IM 32 3 L055X0 03 394 12 7 90 3 1 32 0 29
264. 17 10 a 1 2 11 2005 600 2010 1 200 15 10 5 000 1 16 7 358 30 4 30 10
265. 32 33 34 35 n 40 41 42 46 47 2 EX yk 49 T 1he 49 2 50 t 51 55 CEA yk _ 161 4 GTR or Installation of Lighting and Light Signalling Devices 4 Motorcycle Brakes Passenger Vehicle Brakes
266. PS 163 5 3 i 7 lt 1 55km 64km 100km 3 Gm 55km om 2 9 EY
267. VNT 3 4 100 kN HNT AHOF 0 AHOF Y FUO COFOAFO iH Emoro Znm Sn Cn Hi gt Ground level AHOF 5 11 4 IHRA IHRA WG IHRA Phase 1 Average height of force AHOF VNTHNT Relative homogeneity assessment Initial stiffness
268. asv rmlit g0 jp 14 7 16 10 1 AS A SV WG 1 WG 3 2 A SV WG 1 WG
269. 1 1 2 1 2 2 2000 65 17 4 2015 22 24 26 0 4 1 2035 30 9 3 1 1 10 40 000 35 000 gt 30 000
270. 7 a b 1km h ee 7 a 55km h OFF ON 55 60km h ON OFF 40 7 b 54 59 km h ON OFF 50 s ON OFF Na OFF ON 56 59km h OFF ON Ne ee Wd ON
271. ECE R95 9 13 BS 2re ES 2 Thorax Rib Defl Thorax Rib V C ES 2re ES 2 a H P Level 0 100 200 Test No 2 4 Test No 3 500 600 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 b Thorax Level 2500 2000 0 100 200 Test No 2 0 Test No 3 500 600 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 c Side sill 0 ee RE 100 200 Test No 2 300 400 Test No 3 500 600 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 9 Test No 2 No 3 1500 1000 500 6 00 5 00 4 00 3 00 Force KN 2 00 0 00 Test No 1 Test No 2 Test No 3 10 HPC AbdominalForce
272. PMHS Postmortem Human Subjects 2 C1 C2 2 1 21 2 1 Car Information Pedestrian Information Car Test No i Gender Age Hr Wr Lower extrimity injury m s year cm kg Thigh Knee Leg C1 T3 8 9 Male 48 170 62 FX fibula and tibia T4 8 9 Male 58 185 85 FX fibula and tibia C3 Y2 ds Male 51 182 63 AV MCL EL PCL WS Ms Male 66 177 84 FX fibula and tibia C1 Ishikawa et al 1993 C3 Schroeder et al 2000 Hr Total body height Wr Total body weight AV Avulsion EL Elongation FX Fracture 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 ver 2004
273. 125 mm X125 mm 80 mm 2 0 34 MPa 150 mm 1 71 MPa 150 mm EU 64 kmh 40 PDB 30 60 km h EEVC 80 km h 72 kmh 40
274. 4 4 4 50km h 3 7 12 5 a da 9 40km h 50km h ee 11 7 7 10 11 6 2 8 7 eee 9 7 10 11 6 pl pe 7 HRC EEE MA PoE BPS 12 7 10 9 10 10
275. 459 397 1 1 1 1 1
276. 6 10 0 3496 300 0 50 250 0 40 200 150 0 30 100 0 20 50 0 10 0 11 12 13 14 15 0 00 11 12 13 14 15 2 8 1 GVW2 8t 15 06 EN 4000 3 500 2 500 2 000 998 1 000 500 0 11 12 13 14 15 b0L 0 80 GVW2 8t 0 43 140 0 70 120 0 60 a 7 100 53 0 50 90 0 40
277. IHRA ER lt gt ITARDA ITARDA ss ITARDA ITARDA
278. WG Phase 1 Phase 1a SUV 2006 Phase 1a SUV SUV NHTSA IHRA Phase 1a Phase 1 7
279. 9 21 3 3 1 3 1 1 6 1 2 3 1 Car Information Pedestrian Information Model Impact 1 ei Car No year speed Breaking Gender Age H Wr Lower extrimity injury km h year cm kg Thigh Knee Leg Car3 1994 25 activated Male 76 170 48 FX tibia Hr Total body height Wr Total body weight FX Fracture First contact side of lower extrimity 3 2 3 2 1
280. Car 3 2 3 1 14 21 UL 4 GTR
281. Mid Level IIHS IIHS a Thorax Level b H P Level SUV Minivan 1box IHSMDB R95 MDB uv Minivan 1box IHS MDB R95 MDB 0 Fr SRP Rr SRP Fr SRP Rr SRP 100 100 200 lt 200 300 300 E E 400 400 500 500 800 600 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 mm mm Ey NN 4 a Bonnet Front end or Face Mid Level b Bumper Level su Mwvan 1box HSNDB R95MDB SUV Minivan 1box IHS MDB R95 MDB 500 500 400 400 300 300 E 200 200 100 100 0 0 1000 500 0 500 1000 1000 500 0 500 1000 mm mm 5 Bumper Level 4
282. 21 3 1999 3 5 15 6 4 14 9 7 Yonezawa H et al Imvestigation of new side impact test procedures in japan 18th ESV Paper Number 188 2005 III 1 2009 9 1 FMVSS214 MDB FMVSS214 14 SID ES 2re 15 SID IIsFRG 2 11 13 SID SID II sFRG AF 05
283. 4 5 2 11 15 8 9 A A MPN Ne AAA ai
284. 5 000 3 000 2 000 2 02 2 016 x 902 X1729 Xx 1 695 x 1 64 0 12 16 121 148 16 0 8 150 00 49 148 je 1424T43 130 00 122 9 om 12 121 110 00 0g 0 1ng 069 102 90 00 C iT 29 8 70 00 50 00 30 00 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 1 12 1 20 1 00 0 80 6 0 60 9 44 42 0 SC 38 0 36 0136 0 31 0 30 0 20 6 7 8
285. ISOFIX ISOFIX CRE ISOFIX 6 7 0 3 ISOFIX ISOFIX ISOFIX ECE R14 16 ISOFIX ISOFIX ECE ECE R44 R14 R16
286. SUV VNT HNT IHRA Phase 1a ECE WP29 GRSP IHRA Phase 1 Phase 2 2 NHTSA SUV SUV NHTSA
287. 2003 3 VC COMPAT EEVC WG15 4 2003 2 2003 12 Phase I Phase IL Phase II Phase 1 1 2
288. 10kg 5kg 9 18kg 13kg 5kg 10kg 15 25kg 9 18kg 10kg 18kg 22 36kg 15 25kg 18kg 22 36kg 22 1kg 48 50km h 48 50km h 30 32km h 48km h 20 28G 20 28G 14 21G 24G ECE ECE FMVSS 3 4kg CAMI NB TNO NB PO a b K CAM NB 7 7kg CRABI 6M 9kg P3 4 b lt R CRABI12mo 9kg P3 4 11kg P1 1 2 c P Hybrid III3yo Hybrid II3yo VIP 3C P3 15kg P3 d N Hybrid I6yo 22kg P6 Hybrid II6yo 22kg P6 28 2kg Hibrid III6yo 32kg P10 32kg P10 785m s 295m s Hybrid II3yo 784m s P3 588m s Hybrid I3yo 588m s P3 539m s 55G d 1000 e NR d 60G e NR Hybrid II3yo P3 295m s 30G 550mm 550mm
289. WG ITS ITS Intelligent Transport Systems ASV 3 EE TS 8 4 5 ee ITS ITS 4 4 100 8918 1 3 TEL 03 5253 8111 FAX 03 5253 1640 http www mlit go jp jidosha anzen
290. BA 2 3 9 BA BA 60km h 4 Fl F2 F3 F4 1 2 2 2 BA BA 2 8
291. BS 2 ES 2re ES 2re Thorax Rib Defl V C ES 2 HPC Abdominal Force Pubic Force FMVSS214 FMVSS201 5 1 15 2 3 14 3 13 4
292. i 177 vi 1 1 1 11 10 6 11 6 14 2005 600 2010 1 200
293. FMVSS214 Draft ES 2 Test No 3 Test No 2 ES 2re ES 2 Test No 1 Test No 3 4 Test No 2 Test No 3 Test No 1 Test No 3 3 Test No 1 Test No 2 Test No 3 ECER95 MDB to Car FMVSS214 Draft pole test FMVSS214 Draft pole test ES 2 SID lls ES 2re Test confl Impact velocit 32km h 32km h Impact point striking Vehicle C L pole center to P Front seat SRP of struck Vehicle Front Dummy Head center 6ss eeokg 1194kg _ Ground 1266kg 1194kg 1194kg vehicle FRumm Rear SID Il Dummy gt 2 2 ECE R9 MDB 30kmh 300mm MDB
294. TS 5 0 3 8 3 7 5 0 4 6 NN 68 01 60 28 0 141 80 74 55 34 1 204 UEr4 8 9 Me 32 28 35 40 10 64 82 39 69 1 488 2 3 1 3 2 0 1 3 2 0 65 05 47 90 1 877 C 2026 ER 22 22 10 10 10 75 74 44 21 ECE R44 03 FMVSS No 213 1 2 3 1 2 4
295. 100 ms 250 ms 39 Hybrid II Thor NT 70 ms 30 130 ms BioRID II 100 ms 31 RID 2 100ms 75 130 ms
296. 2 2 5 EUROSID 1 AFS SID ITs 3 3 1 2 3 4 Thorax HP Level 5 Bumper Bonnet or Face Mid Level
297. 3 4 4 13 7 15 HP 3 1 2 1 2 13 6 40 56km h 16
298. 7 8 1 341 872 1 ABS 2 24 11 6 30 17 600 22 1 200 30 24 1 15 15 872 30 1 003 17 600 22 1 200
299. JIS SG 5 4 20 8 10 bb 5 4 6 3 1S0 IS0
300. MDB a le oe Cr ai BR ls WR ukosocr gz lo lj gt 1 13 2 Average Value of Front end Front end Front end IIHS ECE R95 Japanese Vehicles Barrier face Barrier face Barrier face Top e SN N Bonnet NM Front end F Side RS Member NN je Bottom RS Ao 1 8 1 SUV 1box IIHS MDB ee 7738 0 Barrier face Bottom 379 300 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 SUV SUV 1998 SUV 50 135Skg 1340kg SUV
301. a L A lt 2000 11 1 Demo 2000 ASV ASV IE ASUV
302. 4 4 15 10 ASV 4 3 5 4
303. BA 3 S1 82 83 BA BA BA on BA BA off 2 1 81 82 S3 BA 70MPa s 70MPa s 100MPa s BA 2 1 8 BA 3 2000N s BA 2 BA 2 2 a S1 D BA BA
304. EE EE LIL a 5 10 12 3 215
305. 7 9 1 7 gt 13 5 10 7 1 2 8 6 4 1 12 3 31 7 15 x YE8T 12 31 7 13 10 x X 10 X PAS 3 6 7
306. ACL MCL PCL MCL 0 ms 8 ms 16 ms 24 ms 32 ms 40 ms 48 ms 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile Injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative Thigh femur American male tentative Leg fibula Knee MCL ACL PCL Leg tibia Moment Nm CD Moment Nm Nm oR hoo SS No OOCO OOOO OOO OOOO OOO ooo T T ee mm mm Moment Elongation Elongatton Moment Nm Moment Nm Moment Nm Moment Nm 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time ms 2 8 C3 8 21 Shearing Bending angle i Acceleration 2 4 0 ms 8 ms 16 ms 24 ms 32 ms 40 ms 48 ms 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile American male tentative knee Shearing 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time
307. x 100 1 2 ct 54 1 96 140 157 2 05 0sgl 084 076 074 0 60 055 050 047 041 039 EE WE EE WE HE 88l 0 il 0G 12 a 0 0 2 145 17 3 31 1 1
308. 25km h 60 500m s 30 SEE Warning System Seat Belt Buckle Switch 6 4 7 4 4 16 1 592 1 157 2 01 0 18 11 10 2 3 14 9
309. 437 50 gt 603 8786 5888 1 023 Ne 9 244 50 668 10 5 10 942 16 7 358 65 2 998 27 4 3 046 41 4 15 4 6 5 736 16 1 002 3 938 9 272 1 1 1 16 16 24
310. 6 1box IIHS MDB IIHS IIHS SUV 2 2 3 2 SUV 1box IIHS MDB 1500kg SUV 50 135Skg 50 2 150kg IIHS MDB 1500kg 2 2 4 1 SUV 1box IIHS MDB
311. MDB SUV 1box 6 13 MDB MDB 1970
312. hm a My s D OL 4 N 818 c 1
313. s 40 50 60 70 km h km h a b 7 4 6 7 2004 2005 NCAP New Car Assessment Program 1 2001 NCAP 2004 NCAP 2005 ESC 9 AAM AAM WG NCAP NHTSA NHTSA
314. 9 16X0 76X0 69 EBS B19 69 0 i ON I120 469 38 120 X0 69X0 46 ABS 85 15 1 5 17 06 ABS 18 ABS
315. D BA 2 1 BA 2 1 1 BA BA BA BA BA BA BA 60km h 3 3 9 BA 3 S1 S2 S3 1 2 1 2 1 BA 2 1
316. FUP 1 FUP EA i 1 et Ne 1 SE bop me 3 bb NT IH Bb MC605 9 3 i 3 FUP 2 15 1
317. OFF ON OFF EE ON OFF 4 ON ol 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 5 51km h 6 ON OFF 200 s OFF 80 ON 90 OFF ED OFF ON a Ri OFF A ON 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 6 51km h 3 6 6
318. Xx 2 8 gt X 2 8 gt 2 4 7 9 5 5 A 1 5 5 3
319. 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 15 1 00 0 589 700 600 0 80 500 332 0 60 400 GE 300 rcon 0 40 200 100 0 20 6 1 12 13 14 15 0 00 ET a 11 12 13 14 15 2 Sr a 6 10 15 ee 6 9 10 000 8 000 6 000 Se 4 000 2 000 0 11 12 13 14 15 lt Ne 0 60
320. 40000 x 35000 30000 En 4 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 comm 5854 9 034 10 388 12 279 13 273 7040 10 636 13 784 15 816 18 144 20 101 605 2753 3 036 3339 4097 4694 5265 192 646 1255 1111 1173 1278 1202 12570 16548 24311 29 005 33 784 37 796 42 871 41609 238 494 2 2 2 10 US 3 3 1 NPO 48 280 580 80 176 221 3 1 1 1
321. ISOFIX CRS kk 40 41 3 41 33 2 49 0UPUU NQN II d 8FFElOPf Pf 49 2 8W x TOTKTKT II TRI 0 OO0O0 1O1 1 1O O OAMWDUuuu 50 3 kk kk 51 CGC BS Cc 51 5 Lk 51 eo 54 3 54 A OT MN Cc 61 I 61 2 62 3 kkk 63 4 I 65 v 5 ae 67 6 i 68 3 5 kkk 70 1 kk 70 2 71 3 EMC 71 4 72 SAT EG 73 4 2 76 4 AAppAAGpGGAG A 77 4 1 1 77 4 1 2 kk 77 4 1 3
322. 3 1 70 79 80 60 69 6 n 280 3 1 3 2 3 3 149cm 3 n 158 3 2 3 3 3 10 2 3 4 8 NPO a Le HH 2 Oo n 280 3 4
323. 8ch 3ch 2 lt gt 0 8G 0 4G 2 8 3 2 3 RY FO 58 55 3
324. 1 6 1 6 1 8 3 1 4 3 1 3 1
325. 3 1 2 1 0 4 3 5 1 3 http www mlit go jp http www nasva go jp 149 1 6 1 1
326. 544 0 539 2 12 13 14 15 11 108 96L 4 2 8 700mm SS 7 9 7 10 15 9 15 10 2 8 x 10 x
327. BA 3 0m s2 s BA 2 26 100N 200N 150N 150N 50 500N s 2000N s 1000N s 1000N s 55 BA 2000N s 20 8 9 es BA
328. I 8 0 99 15 82 3 5 95 30 90 83 11 13 14 530 02 630 0 2 gt 3 5ton 6 532 3 5ton 2 1 15 374 5 0 15 4
329. WP29 1ISOFIX ECB 44 A Is OF ST ISOFIX_CRS 3 3 3 3 1 16 3 877 946 1 0 87 533 168 _ 7 110 407 8 1 10 671 924 12 2 13 323 848 15 2 231 984 0 3 55 317 059 63 2 5 500kg 16 3
330. 16 12 J 1 HIC 1 000 60G 10kN 2 3 3 2 1 FUP 12 160
331. ON 56 57km h OFF 50 ON 70 ON 50 OFF 2 4 50km h 1 5 OFF 4 3 ON 3 4 OFF 3 RR a 1 1 6 3 DD OO 100 OFF ON
332. x 2 8 x lt 1 5 8 2 4 7 9 11 15 5 5 15 15
333. 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 km h 2 50km h OFF ON 5 0 40 2 0 1 0 3 2 6 5 4 OFF ON 55km h 51 55km h OFF 70 ON 60 OFF ON OFF CON km h OFF A ON 40km h 45km h 50km h 55km h 60km h 60km h 4 5 201 OFF
334. 0 2 000 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 2 753 3 036 3 339 4 097 4 694 5 265 4 616 109 8 110 3 110 0 122 7 114 6 112 2 87 7 4 1 938 4075 5 313 7 880 8 868 9 785 9 491 89 7 210 3 130 4 148 3 112 5 110 3 97 0 1 396 2 906 3 530 5 248 5 587 6 265 6 371 51 1 I 1 765 2 616 3 268 3 3 NN 0 0 0 18 16 13 11 5 1 200 20 353 21 807 24 234 7 soy 150 1 145 1 118 3 107 1 111 1 114 8 98 9 16 548 24 311 29 005 33 784 37 796 42 871 41 609 131 6 146 9 119 3 116 5 111 9 113 4 97 1 RM 50 000 Fe 180 60 45 000F 4 2A 871 41 609 YN J 160 oe 140 35 000 120 30 000 100 25 000F _ a 20 000 15 000 4 60 10 000 5 000 40
335. 4 5 6 1 6 17 104 13 036 49 1 83 2 350 4 5 5 3 cm oi ey 56 9 59 2 57 1 58 9 100 EA 3 4 10 11 15 0010 0015 0017 0 035 0 046 0 077 Fr 1617 2732 2 164 LU
336. 80 100 100 100 70 90 60 80 80 80 70 60 60 S90 40 A 40 I 30 10 20 20 20 10 0 0 0 El 0 S D oD O ch km h 2 3 N 313 N 313 4 8 2 313 4 6 ASV 7
337. 9 9 10 MN Mt 7 8 x 7 8 X 7 8 3 6 7 x 5 x x 500kg x 0c 7 9 5
338. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 1 12 127 139 450 O00 300 O00 150 000 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 oo 11 1 12 9 1 1 Ea EL 2 936 3 938 3 8 3 892 3 583 3 391 46 682 47 487 46 039 45 761 44 727 46 041 46 853 4 75 47 165 46 3 i 3 1 4B0 33 48 55 508 928 544 662 BOB 112 514 634 45 13 331 2 7 139 1 532 389 533 900 541 939 Ey 591 594 636 646 285 661 690 660 628 60460 PE 1 IODd IS G81 5 664 241 ae LBT 8 B73 1 25 601 26 192 25 947 25 69 24 887 25 142 26 969 1 1 24 BEB 22 746 1 112 4 8 89 HB 197 544 205 996 207 713 9 BS 253 El 25 248 D00 241 262 6 7 8 127 a2 022 400 237 104 23B 466 7 255 27 21 28 a 03276 3 25 731 207 701 OL O01 9 87 3 27 EE EDEN 1 0 0 6 RG
339. N s a 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 500 600 700 800 500 1000 1500 2000 LO A 3000 b 3 5 779 5000 5500 6000 LO 4500 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 N s 1000 8 10 12 14 16 m s 3 6 4 BA BA BA 1 BA 3 S1 S2 S3 BA 4 F1 F2 F3 F4 BA e BA 3 2000N s
340. lt co CN CD lt LO GO ww ww CN COD lt LO CO 70 60 lt a x 40 i 20 _ 10 _ RY 6 CN CD lt LO FN 13 14 3 VEN 5 90kgf 50kgf 6 4 3 14 9 2
341. 0 0 00 gt 5 661 15 8 7 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 11 12 13 14 15 Te 0 70 250 Deon 200 186 0186 5 0 60 WD 100 0 40 50 0 20 0 11 12 13 14 15 0 00 lt 11 12 13 14 15 DL 5 V V 7 8 gt lt gt 7 10 9 9 7
342. 19 20 MDB MDB MDB 12 13 14 FMVSS214 15 ES 2re 16 18 19 AE MDB 20 AE MDB 13 13 00F 1 3 1
343. SUV VNT 3 4 100 kN NHTSA 2 IHRA Phase 1 SUV
344. Thorax Upper Middle Lower Rib Defl ES 2 ES 2re Thorax Upper Middle Lower Rib Defl ES 2re ES 2 12 Thorax Rib V C ECE R95 ES 2 ES 2re ES 2re Thorax Middle Rib V C Thorax Upper Rib V C ES 2 ES 2re Thorax Middle Lower Rib V C ES 2re 13 Abdominal Force Pubic Force ECE R95 Abdominal Force Pubic Force ECE R9 ES 2 ES 2re Abdominal Force Pubic Force ECE R95
345. 0 12 1 3 i _ 11 3 A 10 S lt WG 8996 12 36 7 8 7 Ms 1 2t 1 4t 1 2tP 1 2t 1 4t 1 4t 62 1 24 LAN 1 4t
346. 0 8 lt 9 0 74 0 7 0 6 06 AN 60 S Q 55 Sb 0 5 x 100 08 4 50 0 3 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 _ H11 H12 9H13 H14 H15 H16 12 72777 1 1 110 43 16 72 196 178 163 160 5 N 120 80 gt 19 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 _ 13 14 15 16 12 16 3 530 4 3 4 1 1 643 25 39
347. 11 11 15 ABS H15 1 7 8 2 ABS 7 13 3 a 1 076 622 10 0 2 8 4 264 Il 250 Il 10 D 2 8 5 1 0 7 8 gt
348. 13 15 3 16 3 4 4 1 3 16 1 794 1 039 9 244 4 056 1 5 Bo 90 1001 a asm ae am ox 10 496 10 6 B5 496 rnmwaln nee 5955 ioae Lam 612 lo 9 538 1 5 TT mm CT sw mw oe 1 TRTAH
349. 17 1 0 3m 1m 0 3 lm m i 2m me Im 0 3m 11 11 8 5 3 5 17 1 1 17 1 1 19 1 1 2mm 1m
350. 20 396 755 403X0 15X0 18 755 403 ABS 99 59 ABS P 0 5 2 3 30 5 8ton 64 083 ABS 100 64 083X0 005X0 31 31 os a 13 ABS 0 1 99 9 13 ABS 13 ABS i 53 887 ep ABS 12 4 6 460 53 887X0 999
351. 300 000 250 000 200 000 EN 150 000 100 000 50000 KRRRELL THLLLLLLk ks SRRERTLL 0 gt CO OO WN LL LLL Do co co 12 2 185 1 493 3 359 1 169 908 9 x 6 000 5 000 4 000 2 000 1 000 oo ooG Q G eoo ww ww ww ww ip iDpip ce oO
352. 321 C1 Gs 2 5 2 2 2 2 Impact location 2 2 2 Car Impact speed Impactor Impact location m s horizontal vertical Hx C1 8 9 Flex RIGID R 200 537 C3 11 Flex RIGID R 200 bumper upper height Flex Flexible pedestrian legform impactor RIGID Rigid legform impactor Estimated from literature C1 Ishikawa 1993 C3 Schroeder 2000 HK Knee height 2 2 4 2 3 2 5 50 50 OD fibula 50
353. 5 000 3 24 4 30 5 30 3 11 ASV PH ie
354. 8 000 40 000 140 0 6 10 6 000 30 000 6 2 8t 251cc 4 000 20 000 100 CO 126cc 250cc UD 10 000 80 _ 7 8t 0 0 60 c 7 13 H7 H8 H9 H10 H1 1 H12 H13 H14 H15 3 1 7 8 5 9 59 7 8 4 6 7 8 X
355. 12 6 goks 88 10 x 5 x 10 x x 6 10 x 2 8 gt Xx 2 8 x 6 x
356. 14 9 WP29 J 16 1 16 oe 12 1 12 1 FR WT 84 TA EE CE ss ss Ss 876 107 1 6 7 0B4 69 000 876 107 O
357. 3 5 2 5 3 2 7 1 3 246 n 280 51 4 3 5 3 1 2 1 3 6 4 7 4 10 0 6 0 0 1 7 HH ee a a 4 i Niiiii HHHHR 67 0 PE n 176 3 6 2 3 7 6
358. 75 1 5in 5lbs FMVSS209 S4 2 e FMVSS209 S5 1d 5 3c 75 ECE R44 4 7 0 4 2 ECE ISOFIX ECE 2 ISOFIX 2 ISOFHIX 3
359. 82 83 1 1 1 kk 87 1 2 ec 93 1 3 100 1 4 SOFIX 107 1 5 O 111 1 6 es 113 1 7 124 1 8 ki 129 1 9 134 1 10 ASV 137 2 kk 141 3 ECE ae 161 4 GTRDXZFK 163 5 XFL 165 6 ASV ee 167 7
360. Matsuietal present study horizontal vertical Hg Compact car 11 1 PD Flex car center ground level SUV 11 1 PD Flex car center ground level Test conditions are based on a literature Matsui et al 2002 PD Pedestrian dummy Flex Flexible pedestrian legform impactor He Bottom height of lower extremity of dummy or impactor 4 1 2 4 1 Sedan PD Flex 30 ms 4 2 SUV PD Flex 30 ms 15 21 0 ms 10 ms 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms 50 ms 4 1 Compact Car PD Flex 0 ms 10 ms 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms 50 ms 4 2 SUV 4 1 3 4 1
361. a 16 24 5 55 20 00 45 50 55 5 10 10 12 65 1 491 65 511 49 i PB 1 600 era ee 1 400 pa i i 1 200 1 000 OR ee oo 500 379 323 a 05 gt e Me 15 8 16 12 16 24 65 5 000 12 10 16 16 24 15 76 65 10 99 10
362. ms 2 9 C3 1 2 C1 0 C3
363. 2 ISOFIX EC ISOFIX ISOFIX ECE R14 R16 2003 73 ISOFIX ISOFIX ISOFTX ECE R44 ISOFIX 5 ISOFIX ISOEIX ISOEIX
364. 200 800 0 40 0 34 600 6 0 30 400 e 400 0 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 00 11 12 13 14 15 10 15 3 3 2 6 8 000 7000 40km h 50km h PE 6 000 5 000 i 4 000 or40km h MAN 3 000 SE 40km h 2000 1 000 0 11
365. 202 Final Rule ECE 17 2 1 ISO GTR 2 3 HRMD
366. Havg SDhk Zur ZHk Hk Cano year speed Hss km h mm year cm kg cm cm cm cm cm cm Car3 1994 25 activated 1379 Male 76 170 48 158 6 5 7 240 4 2 4 2 00 2 00 45 2 51 0 L Horizontal length from C G to car front end Hr Total body height Wr Total body weight HrT A Average of total body height SDr Standard deviation of total body height Hk Avg Average of knee height SDrk Standard deviation of knee height ZHr Normalized total body height Zuk Normalized knee height Hk Knee height BHD Bumper height difference by breaking BHD L x tan q q 1 365 degrees Hss Shoe sole height assumed as 2 5 cm 10 21 Hr HT Avo H a Distribution of total body height T Hk Hik_avg b Distribution of knee height Zn Normalized total body height SD H Totalbodyheight Z He le we Hi noe Averageof Oe body height 9D7 SD Standard deviation of total body height Normalized knee height ZL Lu assumption H Kneeheight Hi MVerageol kneeheight Hx Hi ge Za Ds SD Standard deviation of knee height c Knee height estimation 3 1 BHD 6 BH BHo Center of gravity C G ground level BHD BH BH L tan BHD Bumper height difference by breaking BH Bumper height original BH L Horizontallength fromC G to car front end Bumper heigh
367. Hybrid III BioRID II RID 2 Thor NT 3 13 Hybrid lll Thor NT BioRID RID 2 4 2 Hybrid III Thor NT BioRID II RID 2
368. 0 450 800 With upper body Withupper body With upper body 700 __ wWithoutupperbody 90 Without upper body 700 _ Withoutupperbody 600 350 200 E 500 E lt 3 2 250 400 200 300 150 200 100 100 Thigh 50 Knee 0 0 0 5 10 0 5 Time ms Time ms Time ms 4 5 Lowbumper 18 21 4 2 2 2 High bumper 4 6 High bumper 40 ms 4 7 High bumper Thigh With upper body SS 1 ol 0 ms 1
369. 0 ms 4 6 High bumper 50 injury risk level for 50 50 injury risk level for 50 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile of American male percentile of American male percentile of American male tentative tentative tentative 800 400 600 With upper body With upper body With upper body 700 Whout upper bhouy 350 _ Withoutupper body 500 Without upper body 300 400 E E 250 z i NN NN a 200 00 RT TT a ER UR NE GS St er i MRE 5 60 200 100 100 50 Knee Leg 0 0 0 4 8 12 0 4 8 12 Time ms Time ms Time ms 4 7 High bumper 19 21 4 3 1 1
370. 1 FUP eaFUP ee FUP 3 RUP IO PDG Added crash zone Truck front today 3 Volvo Soft Nose 4 1 GRSP 2 RUP RUP 3
371. 1 26 I sm0 6 mm 16 12 3 ASV
372. 15 A 9 dl 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 11 0 0009 0 0008 0 0007 0 0006 0 0005 0 0004 0 0003 0 0002 0 0006 9 0 0001 4 5 0 0000 12 13 14 15 EE 9 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 12 13 14 15 11 0 0006 0 0005 0 0004 0 00037 00036 1363 0 0003 0 0002 0 0001 0 0003 4 5 0 0000 12 13 14 15 ED 4
373. 2 13 14 15 0 0 00 11 12 13 14 15 2 8 t GVW2 8t 6 000 15 0 an 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 11 12 13 14 15 50 0 60 GVW2 8t 0 42 45 Co 0 50 40 D5 a 35 0 40 20 30 ob I i 25 0 30 20 0 fs 0 20 15 5 10 0 10 0 _ 5 11 12 13 14 15
374. 20 6500 6700 mm 2 142 55 yD 1 eee EE DT 5 0
375. 20 0 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 3 2004 3 4 2 1 16 4 17 9 IHRA WG 0 15
376. 25 000 OD 20000 i 0 15 000 17 4 oooo 5 000 10 1 12 2000 14 1 2 1 2 2 2 1997 5 000 2004 15 000 7 3 2003 2004 50000 45000 y h
377. 58 4 093 36 844 003 1 183 120 339 117 40 695 345 952 191 256 846 37 1 1 1 1 3
378. 7 lt 15 7 358 12 16 16 4 198 0 49 72 5 0 2 02 3 2 8 6 593 0 8 1 34 5 0 1 344 4 5 1 68 9 0 1 2 309 3 1 1 2 4 L LU T 3 0 3 0 2 4 3 0 1 0 6 2 1 3 0 3
379. 90 17 15 10 1 15 3 27 lt gt 2 1 2 T 2
380. HIC 60G 10kN 2 15 9 50 531 15 0 20 40 60 80 100 90km h 90km h 18 14 15 90 87 10 15 a 58 50 0 15 40 30 0 49 2 i105 0 6 43 6 7 rz gt 0 1 2 3 4 50 3 51 15 9 18
381. Pubic Force Abdominal Force Pubic Force Test No 1 Test No 2 Test No 3 12 Thorax Rib V C Thorax Rib Deflection Thorax U Rib Def Thorax MRib Defl Thorax L Rib Defl mm Co Deflection mm ee x S Test No 1 Test No 2 Test No 3 11 Thorax Rib Defl Thorax Rib V C Thorax U Rib V C ThoraxM Rib V C ThoraxL Rib V C 2 000 a S 1 000 0 500 Thorax Rib V C m s 0 000 Test No 1 Test No 2 Test No 3 13 Abdominal and Pubic Force 10 13 4 ES 2 ES 2re FMVSS214 Draft ECE R95 ECE R95
382. SUV Sports Utility Vehicle 1box IIHS MDB AE MDB ll by IIHS MDB AE MDB AE MDB ES 2 WorldSTD MDB WorldSID ES 2 AB MDB IIHS MDB IHRA IHRA MDB
383. car center ground level Low bumper bumper center height 335 mm High bumper bumper center height 640 mm stiffness K3 200 N mm Mizuno 2003 Pedestrian model JARI pedestrian model He Bottom height of lower extremity of dummy or impactor 17 21 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 Low bumper 4 4 Low bumper 10 ms 4 5 Lower bumper Leg 7 ms With upper body 0 ms 10 ms 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms 50 ms 4 4 Lowbumper 50 injury risk level for 50 50 injury risk level for 50 50 injury risk level for 50 percentile of American male percentile of American male percentile of American male tentative tentative tentative 80
384. eg a Acceleration Time ms 2 7 C1 2 3 C3 2 8 C3 MCL ACL 10 ms MCL ACL ACL MCL Thish 1 Leg 1 ACL MCL 2 9 C3 Leg 0 10 ms
385. estrians During a Front End Collision with a Late Model Car 2000 No 20004233 2000 8 Bhalla K S Bose D Madeley N J Kerrigan J Crandall J Longhitano D Takahashi Y 20 21 2003 Evaluation of the response of mechanical pedestrian knee joint impactors in bending and shear loading Proc 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicle Paper No 429 9 Kerrigan J R Drinkwater D C Kam C Y Murphy D B Ivarsson B J Crandall J R Patrie J 2004 Tolerance of the Human Leg and Thigh in Dynamic Latero Medial Bending ICRASH 2004 10 United Nations BCE WP29 GRSP Informal Working Group on Pedestrian Safety INF GR PS 82 11 Ivarsson B J Lessley D Kerrigan J R Bhalla K S Bose D Crandall J R Kent R 2004 Dynamic Response Corridors and Injury Thresholds of the Pedestrian Lower Extremities Proc International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts DD 179 191 12 International Harmonized Research Activity Pedestrian Safety Working Group IHRA PS 309 13 Kennedy BE A Hurst W J Stitzel J D Cormier J M Hansen GA Smith E P Duma S M 2004 Lateral and Posterior Dynamic Bending of the Mid Shaft Femur Fracture Risk Curves for the Adult Population Stapp Car Crash Journal Vol 48 pp 22 31 14 Matsui Y 2003 New Injury reference values determi
386. lAnge deg Handwheel Angle 2 Sin with Dwell 1 10 ASV 1 1 16 7358 95 118 16 10 5000 AO etl N WW
387. ned for TRL legform impactor from accident reconstruction test IJ Crash 2003 Vol 8 No 2 pp 179 188 15 Matsui Y 2001 Biofidelity of TRL Legform Impactor and Injury Tolerance of the Human Leg in Lateral Impact Stapp Car Crash Journal Vol 45 pp 495 510 16 1 6 17 Matsui Y Wittek A and Konosu A 2002 Comparison of Pedestrian Subsystem Safety Tests Using Impactors and Full Scale Dummy Tests SAE technical paper series 2002 01 1021 18 Artis M McDonald J White R Huang T Shams T Rangarajan N Akiyama A Okamoto M Yoshizawa R Ishikawa H 2000 Development of a New Biofidelic Leg for Use With a Pedestrian Dummy IRCOBI Conference 19 Konosu A 2002 Reconstruction analysis for car pedestrian accidents using a computer simulation model JSAE Review Vol 23 No 3 20024257 20 Mizuno Y 2005 Summary of IHRA Pedestrian Safety WG Activities Proposed Test Methods to Evaluation Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars Proc 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicle Paper No 05 0138 21 21 Fol 1 7 1 1
388. of Wisconsin USA Wayne State Univ USA JARI Tsukuba Univ JPN MacInnis Engineerindg Canada 1 2 13 LOL NIC IV NIC Velocity of T1 rebound V NDC LNL Hyper Extension Spinal Ganglia Imjury Facet Imjury 2 FEM 3 D
389. ogeneity 2 c 2 1 11
390. ruck Vehicle PEAS primary energy absorbing structure SEBAS secondary energy absorbing structure SUV 2 a 2 b Hom
391. tee EEVC 1970 1V 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 kk 1 3 kk 9 2 kk kk 7 2 7 95 EM NAA 9 2 3 20 3 DD 29 3 1 LL 22 3 22 CB OO 23 1 7 7 23 EE 24 3 et 27 4 II 29 2 EN OR ee 31 321 TO 31 3 2 2 kk 39 TA EA 39 2 Re 40 3
392. tibia 2 5 lt pT Tibia MCL ACL E51 PCL Thigh 3530 8 50 injury risk level for 50 300 F Body regions percentile American male References 2 EE 00 tentative G 1o 388 Leg Tibia Acc 1991 m s Matsui 2003 400 20 Knee MCL BA 26 5 deg Matsui 2003 100 200 ACL PCL SD 7 9 mm Matsui 2001 90 18 Thigh no data Acc Acceleration SD Shearing displacement BA Bending angle gt mm 2 3 2 3 1 C1 2 6 C1 Leg 1 15 ms 2 7 C1
393. tunder braking Car pitching angle by braking 3 2 11721 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 Car 3 Leg 1 Leg 2 15 ms 76 170 cm 48 kg 3 1 50 50 3 3 2 3 4 Car 3
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