日本原子力学会誌 2012.4
Contents
1.2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. 12
14. Vol 54 No 4 2012
15. FC Vol 54 No 4 2012
16. a Vol 54 No 4 2012 57 279
17. 2012 2 5 1933 1958 1960
18. 2012 1 5 226 2011 3 11
19. 0 Present 5000 TIME years The rise and fall of the world s rate of consumption of fossil fuel resources is like the flame of one match in the long night a delta function in the darkness 20
20. 2010 2005 8 1 695
21. 2011 10 IT
22. 1 1 1
23. 2007 4
24. 10 15 m
25. 1 2 3 FC
26. 3 11 3 3
27. GDP GDP 60
28. 1 1 2010 2 40 3 45 4 60 5 40 60 6 40 2
29. 2012 2 13 Vol 54 No 4 2012
30. LNG
31. 3 1 JAEA KEK KEK JAEA
32. 1
33. CC Vol 54 No 4 2012 h
34. COP 17 3 11
35. 2 3 4 2
36. http wwwr jsm or jp jsm IT 1
37. 3 2 2 1 2 Vol 54 No 4 2012
38. 36 1 2
39. 2012 2 5 Vol 54 No 4 2012 1 224
40. RC Vol 54 No 4 2012 253 OO Oom NNNNNNN 1 8 1 3 1 i DG 3 3 DRCIC 5 3
41. 2010 120 kW 120 EW BWR 3 8 PWR 4 1 45 000 MWd t MOX 40 000 MWd t 34 5 3 3
42. FC Vol 54 No 4 2012 17 239 300
43. 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 ICRP 4 3
44. JCO EID 258
45. 1 2012 2 23 223 Dl 1995 2011 1 2 3
46. 3 4 5 6 7 1 254 SA
47. 1986 1987 FH Vol 54 No 4 2012 39
48. a 1 1976 M King Hubbert 3 SB ee St Vol 54
49. 20
50. 67 2011 5 27 7 8 1 7 6 13 Development of Guideline for Assessing Large Tsunami Countermeasures Hidetoshi HASHIZUME 2012 2 17 28 ver 1 37
51. 65 km Vol 54 No 4 2012 225 100 kW 100 kW 24 365 12 kW 1
52. 2 1 1 kWh
53. ES 32 1 Guideline for Assessing Large Tsunami Counter measures in Japanese Nuclear Power Plants Japan Society of Maintenology December 2011 http www jsm or jp jsm 2 EU Stress tests specifications http ec europa eu energy nuclear safety doc 20110525_eu_stress_tests_specifications pdf 3 23 3
54. 0 4 kWh MOX gt Vol 54 No 4 2012 12 0 10 0 9 6 0
55. NPT IAEA 2004 9 IAEA 2004 IAEA
56. 1953 12 Atoms for Peace 3 1954 29 3 2 30 2 3 5 1973 1
57. 1966 Cs 137 2 500 Bq m 1985 1 800 Bq m 12 2 kBq m Cs 137 1964 0 09 mSv 1987 0 058 mSv 2 2005 0 01 mSv Hella
58. 4
59. Vol 54 No 1 p 2 2012
60. 2010 54 4 900 kW 3 1 Nuclear Fuel Cycle in Japan It s Historical Implications Tomio KAWATA 2012 2 27
61. 1 5 30 lbU Oa 50 1bU O 2
62. 50
63. Radiological Impact of the Chernobyl Accident through Ingestion in Europe Ingestion Doses Determined by Whole body Counting of Radiocesium Jiro INABA 2012 2 5 FC Vol 54 No 4 2012 37 Cs 137
64. T 18 2 71 74 2011 T 53 8 564 568 2011 Nal TD 53 10 689 692 2011 53 7 479 483 2011 1 2 es 3 FR HC 4 5
65. 2010 10 predicted unexpected assumption 50 3 predicted unexpected
66. CO CO
67. 2 1
68. 1986 10 5 9 NV 1986 5 2 4 Cs 137 0 9 kBq m 20 40 kBq m 262 1 Cs 137 7 1 a 0 1969 85 4 5 90 5 lt 1989 99 5 9 95 3 y 1969 85 3 2 86 1 2 1989 99 9 1 90 6
69. 2018 2012 3 2 RR Vol 54 No 4 2012 235 2011 3
70. EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery Global Utilization Trends of Natural Gas and Fossil Fuels after Fukwuwshima Dai ichi Nuclear Accidents 1 Vision of Fossil Fuel Masakazu HANAWA Masaki ONOZAKI 2012 2 15 tC Vol 54 No 4 2012
71. 6 2 4 24 365
72. EBR I EBR 1 1942 12 CP 1 1951 12 20 4 U 238
73. 100 ON 2 Niecsc get wpeG NN Vol 54 No 4 2012 31 1 2
74. GNEP 5 Vol 54 No 4 2012 BRC 2010 1
75. Ne 56
76. 43 37 2 WO Ces 1961 1953 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1901 1983 1955 1907 1900 199 1993 1995 1997 1999 001 X03 2005 Cs 137 1 Bq 48
77. U 235 8 2 43 Pu 24 5 92 596 Pu 2 Vol 54 No 4 2012 2 MOX MOX he
78. 10 3 F x Vol 54 No 4 2012 47 269
79. Mais 242 CONSUMPTION 10 kWH yr 5000 3
80. 1 4 RC Vol 54 No 4 2012 1
81. 2012 2 13 234 3
82. IT Cs 137 1986 Cs 137 8 5 PBq 100 Bryansk Cs 137 110 kBq m 555 kBq m controlled area 555 kBq m non controlled area Cs 137 Cs 137 kBq kBq m controlled area Cs 137 19
83. MA 2 000 kW
84. 3E 2
85. 2 3
86. 1 30 1986 2 1978 3 Blue Ribbon Commission on America s Nuclear Future Report to the Secretary of Energy Jan 2012 4 49 6 410 415 2007 5 A A Bartlett Coal no superabundance for US Phys Today Dec 1976 lt Vol 54 No 4 2012 243 1
87. Vol 54 No 4 2012 237 Ip SN 9 10 20 NPT INFCE 2
88. S 1 10 7 m SBO 15 7 m TBO 252 1 5 7m 10 7m 15 7m 5m 10m 1 DG x x x x O x x 1800KVA 0 0 1 0 O
89. 1 000 PJ 2 IEA International Energy Agency 50 0 350 300 25o 2 200 a IE3 4 4 Po HH 150 2 100 3 50 2 6 0 1990FY 1995FY 2008FY 2005FY 2010FY 4 RC Vol 54 No 4 2012 45 267
90. MOX 1 1
91. 3 1977
92. 460 405
93. Activities of Research Group on Radiological Aspects of Emergency Countermeasures in the Nuclear Accident of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants I Itsumasa URABE 2012 2 6 FC Vol 54 No 4 2012 33 I 1 2
94. Vol 54 No 4 2012 1
95. 2 1 2
96. 1 800 1 200 6 000 kW 400 MOX 40 40
97. CO o nn oo SSD 9 E 2 K Td mn 2 0 al DEZ525P 167 m 1 Wf I IO
98. 6 5 300
99. Cs 137 70 90 2 95 10 10 60 Gomel Cs 137 154 kBq m Cs 137 1986 3 328 Cs 137 130 kBq 1990 1 7 kBq BELRAD 2002 2003 1 mSv
100. 1 2 3 4 WW
101. 2011 3 9 5 1 1 5 6 1 kWh 18
102. LNG 2 268 V
103. 2010 1 12 km 30 1 4 1 1 3
104. 3 3 5 244 80000 70000 40 Phaseout 25 Phaseout 60000 60 Phaseout 40 60 Phaseout 50000 40 Phaseout Replace 40000 30000 20000 10000 1980 1970 1990 1 a LWR b LWR MOX c LWR MOX
105. MTG MTG LPG DME V LNG LNG 1
106. FT FT Sasol Shell BP ExxonMobil ConocoPhiliips Rentech Syntroleum Statoil PetroSA JOGMEC FT CTL Coal to Liquid Sasol F5 2073 Shell 2 NA Yd IR Sasol 8000BPD C3 Ordos2008 Shell NAWd EME 4000BPD 2008_ lt Lurgi NA Ud Pearl 1 2011 Shell SMDS 70000BPD ri 2 2011 Shell SMDS 70000BPD Oryx 1 2007 Sasol LT SPD 34000BPD Escravos 2012 Sasol LT SPD Lurgi 17 144000d 34000BPD 4000BPD 2008 GE
107. 0 4 kWh Vol 54 No 4 2012 27 249 CO2 3 3 1 2011 11 Primary and secondary sources in Global Nuclear Fuel Supply focus on Uranium Seminar on Global Nuclear Fuel Supply Permanent Mission of Japan to the IAEA January 26 2009 2011 12 IL 3 FBR JAEA Research 2006 044 0 4 kW
108. 2 2
109. 952 2000 rs mm 3 3 gm PJ 1995f 2000FY 2005FY 2010FY 2 Eee 8 5 000 Re 100 00 4000 o 80 3500 70 gt gt 3000 60 2 500 50 2 000 40 PS RS 500 30 1 000 8 20 500 10 N 1990FY 1995FY 2000FY 2005FY 2010FY 3 20 3
110. 1970 1974 1977 3
111. 1 Vol 54 No 4 2012 227 1
112. 2012 Vol 49 No 4 http www aesj or jp atomos 1 1 12 2
113. 3 11 CO 1213 CO 15 16
114. 4 ICRP 1 2 3 1 2 3 2
115. MOX MOX 1 MOX
116. 265 1 2011 3 11 2 1 I
117. MV CO 15 BTU 7 BTU 4 BTU LNG LNG LNG
118. 1 1 1 20 LNG 2 20 4 800 P 3 5 10 10 20
119. 1 3 Sr 90 Cs 137 1 1 UNSCEAR RC Vol 54 No 4 2012 261 26 0 25 20 02 15 15 SR Cs 134 Bqkg a Cs 137 Bikg FolkoedoSiS mSVl 10 0 10 ab JAN 1999 neue NWG 5 0 05 lt NWG 0 000
120. 0 7 U235 1 10 20 2 100 kW 1 170 1
121. 2 2010 1 363 PJ 2 29 3 2010 2 740 PJ 2 44 2 2000 4 6 LPG
122. 1 236 1970 1990 2000 1960 1980 2010 E 1
123. 800 Bq Cs 137 80 Alexander Kaul Dietmer Nosske IAEA Gerhard Proehl John Harrison Jane Simonds Larvans Skuterud v 3 1 UNSCEAR Sources and effects of ionizing radiation Annez D Health effects due to radiation from the Chernobyl accident UNSCEAR 2008 IAEA Present and future environmental impact of the Chernobyl accident IAEA TECDOC 1240 2001 VF Minenko et al Individual thyroid dose estimates 2 3 for a case control study of Chernobyl related th
124. 1 unique Orgeanized Organized
125. 2 1 BWR 1 d 30 DG
126. 5 4 2 1 1
127. SPEEDI 1 20 km 2 km 3
128. 10 kBq Cs 137 1kBaq Cs 137 1 1 0 03 mSv 1987 1 2 Cs 137 1960 I 1984 10 1986 10 2 TIAEA 1986 10
129. 2 8 kBq m iene 100 kBq m NO 0 10 kBq m kBq m 780o Cs 134 Cs 137 65 Cs 137 1 Homburg Voralpen 2 2 1 1 OR
130. 3 21 7 1 0 2 3 FC Vol 54 No 4 201
131. 53 12 821 825 2011 x Vol 54 No 4 2012 259 2 1 1 1
132. 2 T mportance 2 2
133. 7 1 FT DME 2 1 FT FT CO FT FT FT FT
134. 2 2 1 1 20 mSv 2 3 4 6 2
135. 100 1 100 10 000 1 10 000 1
136. 300 1 1 000
137. 28 33 I 43 1
138. or 2 or 4 RR NNNNNN NECCS 2 AM MUWC NNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNS NN RR NN SNNN NNNNN 1 Kk AN SS NN NNNNNSNSSN lt 5 2 NNNNNN 1 BWR A NV 11 bg lt
139. 5 1 2 4 1
140. Cs 137 kBq m 1 kg Bq Cs 137 100 kBq m Cs 137 10 1 1986 5 600 Bq kg 370 Bq kg 1986 11
141. U 235 2 2 MOX 70 802 1 2 2 MOX
142. OECD 130 lb 540 2000 2 2 2 Pu 241 100 65 22 13 43 1 7 4 2 2
143. 4 1 5 1 E Gr 9 hensyu aesj or jp HU Vol 54 No 4 2012 II 255
144. 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 256 SPEEDI 3 4
145. 170 FC Vol 54 No 4 2012 15 U Pu MA 100 NM 10 20 ky a 20 NN 1 2 U 238 2005 160 38 000 kW
146. FC Vol 54 No 4 2012 55 1 15 100
147. 2 2 2 AREVA 2000 U 235 2000 2 300 kt 635 kt 250 kt 455 kt 2
148. 0 36 kWh Na MOX 34 37 29 36 43 21 IV 2 26
149. MA 2 240 100 kW 1 16 MOX
150. 1972
151. 1 1 20 4 5 1 77 2 4
152. http www enecho meti go jp info statistics jukyu index htm 2 http www meti go jp report data g 90902 aj html 3 NEDO 2008 4 http www methanol org Methanol Basics Resources MMSA GlobalLMethanoLSupply and Demand aspx 3
153. F 1986 Vol 54 No 4 2012 263 80 70 _ 60 4 go 40 30 Oo 20 4 4 4 10 ot 1960 1970 1980 5 Cs 137 1 kg Baq 1990 2000 2010 Cs 137 5
154. 53 23 AncLE 55 56 57 6 NEWS 4 10 20 Sy IAEA 7 ERSS 0 1 IHI 2 5 2 HP 59 From Editors
155. 2 1 2 16 TRU TRU 3 4 1 4
156. 2 MOX MOX 0 4 kWh MOX 80 MOX 0 4 kWh MOX MOX 2 MOX 2
157. 1950 Berkshire Oxfordshire Cs 137 4 Cs 137 1 2 Bq gK 1g Cs 137 1 2 Bq 1964 10 6 4 40 134 0 62 Bq gK Cumbria 1986 6 Cs 137 700 Bq 6 4 Bq gK 1986 7 1987 8 450 Bq 4 1 Bq gK 8 1986 5 1988 2 Cs 137 3 8 Bq gK Cs 134 1 7 Bq gK 8 Cs 137
158. 2011 11 3 3 Dis organized Knowledge 800 Organized unique unified Organized 1 uniqne uniied 1 Organized
159. 1987 6 6 000 Bq kg 1 5 mSv ICRP 1994 3 000 Bq kg 1 500 Bq kg 600 Bq kg M Cs 137 264 73 Cs 137 100 kBq 1 kBq
160. 2008 2010 NM MOX 4 3 16 1 00 1 02 kWh 1 39 kWh 1 98 kWh 0 37 0 39 kWh 0 0 46 kWh 0 73 2 0 04 0 08 kWh
161. a 1963 Cs 137 9 a _ 1 10 8 Bq gK 5 1978 0 8 Bq gK 1982 1988 99 6 1 65 5 0 51 Bq gK M gt 1975 85 1 8 88 0 eo a 3 1965 85 5 2 85 2 1988 99 3 7 79 3 Oxfordshire Cs 137 1987 7 80 1 63 Bq gK Cs Bq 1 g5 K 40 Bq 0 2 0 18 1g 30 4 Bq K 40
162. EBR II 2 kW 10 80 30 BN 600 80 kW 1 200 kW 25 238 50 kW 2023 6
163. gt Vol 54 No 4 2012 13 MOX 2000 NUMO
164. 6 7 Methanol Institute DME MTG Methanol to Gasolin DME LPG 80 000 100 ESSs9 70 000 M 2 80 60 000 fm 70 3 50000 605 40 000 50 30000 40 4 30 20 000 20 10000 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010E 6 Vol 54 No 4 2012 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 MM Ei 4000 2 0
165. Vol 54 No 4 2012 3 1 2 5
166. 160 38 000 kW 2 000 1982 BN 600 60 kW 2008 27 74 1994
167. 1969 85 6 1 91 5 o 1 1989 99 5 2 83 4 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1967 85 6 9 4 Cs 137 1987 93 1 9 1g Bg NM 1991 99 3 0 63 3 Bq gK I 1986 4 0 07 Bq gK 1975 85 3 3 59 8 1965 85 4 0 82 9 1988 99 6 1 66 2 1967 85 5 4 Cumbria 1957 Windscale 1971 85 2 5 53 0 1 1958 1 3 1967 85 4 5 SE Py SS Cumbria Seascale 380 cc os 0 82 Bq gK 1987 93 2 4 2 SB Dounreay
168. 200 400 Bq kg Cs 137 20 I TPLs 1986 50 mSv 1987 8mSv 1991 5mSv 2500 2000 1500 Bq 1000 wn o 1 Cs 134 Cs 137 38 3 1mSv 1mSv IT
169. 1 oo 2 x 1200AH 1200AH 0 14 14 0 3 x 3 3 1 1500KVA 1500KVA 1500KVA 200 200 200 4 x co 1 1 2
170. 2 U 235 2 2 1 2000 22 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 1
171. SA From EditorS 3 2 9 Taylor amp Francis 1 E 3
172. kWh 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 LNG 3 4
173. 1 5 11 7 3 2 3 2 7 MOX 1 5 1 39 kWh 3 1 64 kWh 2 1 2 1 3 1 4
174. 2 99 INFCE INFCE 59 6 500 2 1980 14 2 2 4
175. MOX NAK 50 50 4 f pa 5 H16 H16 clo 247 3 3 tHM MOX 41 500 41 100 SF SF 1 600 5 200 11000 SF 1 600 17 400 OS I 3
176. d LWR FR e FBR 1 4 1 2 2 1 2
177. 1006 19867 1968 1999 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1996 1909 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2 Cs 134 Cs 137 1 kg Bq 10 9 a a m Sr 90 m Cs 137 7 9 6 5 8 31 2 ld NN te II Ei 0 LL 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 3 Cs 137 1 1 Bq Sr 90 1 Proehl
178. 135
179. 1 241 2 0 6 3 600 50 Pu 6 20 Pu 9 10
180. 2 1
181. Vol 54 No 4 2012 29 251 4 5 3
182. 2 U 235 2 PWR 45 000 MWd t ORIGEN II U 235 65 43 9 13 U 235 29 MA 30 Pu 239 222 Pu 241 8 65 43 43 Pu fissile U 235 30 13 30 MOX 1 MOX 7
183. 11 180
184. 3 11 3 4 3 11 2012 2 7 278 2011
185. 40 42 000 6 50 000 2050 40 32 000 MOX MOX 2010 20 000 IT
186. 3 11 1 10
187. Inari Utsujoki Cs 137 1986 4 3 kBq 1987 4 10 4 kBq 1987 9 11 8 kBq 1989 4 10 2 kBq 1994 4 1 kBq 2005 1 74 kBq 5 5 4 4 Cs 137 4 7 kBq m Cs 137 500 kBq m 5 Cs 137 1965
188. MOX 3 41 500 tHM 27 100 t 50 1bUO 110 IbU O BCG 160 kgU 24 gPuf MIT 15 743 kg lbU O 24 gPuf mportance FF Vol 54 No 4 2012 23 245 MOX
189. Cs 134 4 3 1 5 Bq gK 3 4 x Vol 54 No 4 2012 1986 V
190. 2350 70 3 FC pipeline amp strategic 65 3 250 11 0 1 455 19 230 10 635 27 635 27 250 11 246 635 kt 250 kt 230 kt 27 2 40 2
191. NAVd Sasol 1 1955 4000BPD Sasol LT FT 5000BPD L Wortd GTL 2008 ws NA Sasol I 1980 2600BPD Lurgi 40 520000d Sasol HT FT 85000BPD JOGMEC 2009 SBCR Sasol IT 1982 500BPD Petro SA 1992 Statoil 2004 Bintulu 1983 1 Statoil BPD Lurgi 40 520000d Sasol HT FT 85000BPD Sasol Shell SMDS 30000 1000BPD 12500BPD 5 FT NA FT GTL 5 GTL Pearl 2 2012 2 DME 4 000 2 000
192. 0 10 0 11 kWh 3 gt Vol 54 No 4 2012 25 248 16 16 16 0 2 0 3 kWh MOX MOX 1 5
193. 00 2005 2006 2007 2008 7 2009 2010E M15 ExxonMobil 1985 10 MTG 1995 MTG 3 3
194. 030 Direction of Future Fuel Cycle in Japan Fuel Cycle from the Perspective of Cost Hajimu YAMANA 2 25 2012 FC Vol 54 No 4 2012 21 40 GWe 6 1969 24 000 7 100 1 100 14 000 3 000 26 16 2050 2
195. 2 35 257 5 1 2 1 1 2 ICRP 1
196. 200 3 900 P 3 2 OECD BRICS 3 100
197. 4 43 1 1 1 7 1 2010 3 1 493 P 70 PJ 563 P 14 1
198. 8 2 500 2000 0 gt 0 1 500 4 a EE 1 000 H soo 0 1990FY 1995FY 2000FY 2005FY 2010FY 1 FY 266 LNG 2005 26 2011 2 3 LNG LNG 1 3 2 3
199. 87 0 1 kBq kBq m 700 kBq m Cs 137 70 kBq 1991 0 025 kBq kBq m 700 kBq m Cs 137 18 kBq 555 kBq m 555 kBq m 260 controlled area 2 non controlled area 1 3 Cs 137 Cs 137 non controlled area controlled area TLD
200. ATOM OX 2012 4 1 lt 12 A 0 13 B 10 20 10 GS 20 U Pu MA 100 e 10 20 21 0 4 kWh MOX
201. No 4 2012 Pu 19 TT ET 0 7 1 2 50 1 5 2 3 TRU 1 10 5 1 3 AA Pu Pu Pu
202. h 2006 250 Dil eK NPO 37 1 2011 3 11 1
203. yroid cancer among children of Belarus Part2 Contributions from long lived radionuclides and external radiation Health Phys 90 312 327 2006 AV Nesterenko et al Chernobyl s radioactive conta mination of food and people Ann N Y Acad Sci 1181 27 327 2009 SSK Impact of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 4 5 Accident on the Federal Republic of Germany SSK Band 7 A Republic of Germany 1988 SSK 20 Jahre nach Tschernobyl SSK Heft 50 2006 SA Hodgson et al A review of measurement of radio 6 7 nuclides in members of the public in the UK Radiol Prot 24 369 389 2004 8 A P Leppanen et g7 Effective half lives of Cs and Cs in reindeer meat and in reindeer herders in Finland after the Chernobyl accident and the ensuing effective radiation doses to humans Health Phys 100 468 481 2011 NRPA Bulletin 10 November Statens stralevern 2006 A Liland et og7 How long is long term Reflections 9 10 based on over 20 years of post Chernobyl management in Norway J Environ Radioact 100 581 584 2009 Vol 54 No 4 2012
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search