世界金融・経済危機が日本企業の直接投資戦略に
Contents
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4. SIMD TIAL B1 D1
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6. 2 2 RoHS I EMS R 1994 ISO9001 1999 QS9000 2
7. 2 1 1 4 SMD 1 1 1 3 GEAR 5 GEAR
8. B2 C
9. TCM 1 SMD TCM SMD
10. Oe Williamson O Williamson an index of asset E G1 specificity TCM Transaction Cost Minimization 3 ri Ay k k ZA H eg E 5 1 oo
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16. 2006 D1 A 1 D2 B1 B2 C 2
17. W W a m gt D1 D2 8 WR Cll uy aut 98 3 G ck
18. TCM SMD 1 Abstract International competitiveness of Japanese firms is based on their ownership advantage of transaction cost minimization through their TCM organization with which Japanese firms can supply higher qualified and lower priced specialty products than those by Western rivals in the first best market in developed countries However global commoditization which has been accelerated by Globa
19. 2 E 2 REF 110 A gt o a a 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2
20. A ED A B 1 1 Sy TS tr LE 3 89 C D E F G
21. GS gt 8 C1 C2 G1 G2 lt 0 C1 G1 lt C2 G2 ab ae X 1 CG 8S CTG 0 CHS S 8 H C1 G1 gt C2 G2 1 C G
22. 2009 28 38 60 000 000 50 000 000 40 000 000 J T 30 000 000 u e 20 000 000 10 000 000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 103 REALE Tarun Khanna and Krishna G Palepu 2006 4 9 1 Global Customer Segment 2 Glocal Segment 1 3 Birt Local Segment 4
23. CFR GES TCM QC H ml y a 5 1 2 3 4
24. q o RE E F ul d A HH 4A S E HL 4N KA M kaii NT
25. 78 8 2007 2 1 1 1 3 C pe de Jfk l
26. B1 B2 B2 B2 OS 5 T OFX O Y B CPU MPU
27. Asset Exploiting FDT 1 Ms 2 1990 ERUR 2007 Asset Augmenting FDI 2 3 1 2 3 SS l H
28. FH 2009 8 26 9 4 Eve Buu vve RUN RSE KN 4 1 4 2 1 4 1 2007 2 1 10 H 14 7 3 EE D Ha au EX F EMS 1 3 1 A E 2009
29. I Su SMD T CM 2 3 2 3 TICT
30. A B1 D1 B1 D2 Se eae D1 D3 1 5 TCM 2007 re G
31. 94 F u gE 1
32. 1 5 2007 1 1 2 2 Q 3 2 4 2 2
33. 1 SN SMD 3 E La TCM 1 D Fa E
34. 2008 9 90 2009 ay G t 2008 12 2009 4 50 60 270 106 H I 4 EMS R Diversification TE V Work WH 10 9 2009 2006
35. M amp A 1 2 N ay TH WwW LU
36. OL O er 3 Hn B RE HO J FA J tt S ARE tt A J 20 2008 Zie BY 4 WE A HH 2 HH K 10 4 2 H 2 E HH 5 H mi H
37. ORM ODM 2 3 CM 5 BESS Vea 1 4 E D1 2 D3 E EMS 4
38. J 8 1 4 SMD o SMD 8 C1 100 O Williamson 1 C1 100 lt C2 0 C1 100 C2 0 1 Mini Cl a C2 a C1 J C2 J lt C1 100 lt C2 0 SMD
39. 5 1 8 CM TCM A f TCM A Ta HH 1 Li 6 ZJ 88 4
40. 83 E ih a gt E a
41. 87 1 2 TCM 1 1 6 H rh C I MED BEAK IT Ze DIZI 5 H TCM Transaction Cost Minimizing 1 1
42. ia FT 2010 BAY D E H ICS 2010 F H N 2 H Ly Fi AD TCM 2 E B Fl SAE 5 COE ZS
43. TCM 1000 qa 1 dC2 a da lt 0 8 a 2 d2C2 a da2 lt 0 9 LORD YABB X 3
44. J 2x trpb a JI OLX Mini Cl a C2 a C1 J C2 J lt C1 100 lt C2 0 1 C1 100 lt C2 0 8 gt 8 W O Williamson S 3 1 0O Williamson OC1 100 B 2 W C2 0 Sul m HH H EJ E 1 Bul a gt KS
45. The effects of Global Financial and Economic Crisis on the strategy of Japanese firms foreign direct investment FDI fim SC BE TCM
46. D3 3 95 5 O 2009 X AEX B1 B2 CO D1 D2 D3 OX 0OY
47. 1 Aoki Masahiko 1988 Information Incentives and Bargaining in the Japanese economy Cambridge Cambridge University Press Aoki M 2004 An organizational architecture of T form Silicon Valley clustering and its institutional coherence Industrial and Corporate Change Volume 13 Number 6 pp 967 981 DOZ Yves 2006 Optimizing Metanational Innovation Processes INSEAD Fontainebleau and Singapore A paper for the RIETI Policy Symposium Global Management and Innovation of Japanese Enterprises The strength of Global Management and Future Challenge Tokyo January 26th 2006 Tapping the world for Global Innovation DUNNING John H BUCKLEY Peter J CASSON Mark 1992 Multinational Enterprises in the World Economy essays in honour of John Dunning Aldershot UK Brookfield USA Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd s2 Dunning John H Buckley Peter J Casson Mark 1992 Multinational Enterprises in the World Economy essays in honour of John Dunning Aldershot UK Brookfield USA Edward El
48. A 2 10 90 2008 2009 B 2008 11 E 8 2009 D C EMS 2009 7 5
49. TCM A B1 Asset Augmenting FDI TCM SMD
50. 1 104 ITI OA CIES TCM SMD Ej E10 4 3 2009 2007
51. SMD 93 AIZ AERC T A EMNI DP NY a CONTENE ZO 2 2 1 1 8 IT KTA Hi
52. 4 1 2 2 1 9 1 2 2 2 2 1 D1 D2 D3
53. AME AY CHE TCM IO HF 1 LO C M 1 3 92 4 SMD i TCM
54. TCM SMD SMD 4 1 2 79 3 4 5 TCM Os PER OMISAIA DIVES
55. ly TCM 1 2005 2006 2007 3 1997 E N
56. Ly IS AS yas 1 2 1S RAE TERE A 80 HH Wi gt EMS net A LTFAULTH IS09001 IS014000 EU RoHS 2001 2003 FZ HSE R PL RIL EA RN 2 D1 D2 3
57. B1 TCM SMD 2 4 3 1 1 3 99 O L I Advantage 1 2 J Dunning DIR HETAZ 1 2 TCM A
58. SMD Bl TCM E tes ED TCM TCM pc ie 8 B2 SMD SMD
59. gt oS D JE PEJE man on F Ti A HH 7 1 gt 2 C 3 2007 EY
60. 82 8S A 24 RER KA Ny 0 Williamson 100 100 JOT AERA da L Spa EA J A J Z 2 ST H o gt WIMECE SLL emo TER AUS de x J a E 4 EN oe ki xX be H
61. H 1000 100 ALIEF
62. H 1 8 AME EO E 4 H ME elt
63. 2001 A B1 B2 E A M amp A DEG M amp A H E 1990 Hr D PRIM SZN A M amp A 1990 E S 7 100 1980 6 th if All Region 25 E North America ae 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 7
64. 3 4 IE 111 4 Hy 5 2007 E TCM CM Cost Minimization TCM MD Market Development SMD Specialty Market Development 6 GA E 7 8 80 the steady strengthening forces of commoditization 9 10 2008 9 JETRO
65. A B1 pun i as Hx He 109 A B1 E Wr i SMD
66. M amp A 1987 2009 B UNCTAD WIR 2009 M amp A 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 e J FDI Outf J purchase 40 000 20 000 L BF ov Do cw V 9 PPP D B BD HH BH SD SD SF PPB PP POS D D S 20 000 101 RD DERE 2 HR AN D AEEA 3 2006 FE 2007 2008 3 1 ARS 2 E 2 3 SMD M amp A M amp A Hl 3 1
67. H 5 Ay G E 3 J i 81 G2 E C1 C2
68. 2 TCM MRE MEH AS AE EHT 10 2010 2004 BEAD Et BITS 2000 e 35 38 2004 FED 46 1 Pee ATS ky 2 ESE HMO GDP IME World Economic Outlook October 2009 2007 2008 2009 2010 2 7 0 6 3 4 1 3 2 1 0 4 2 7 1 5 2 7 0 7 4 2 0 3 AA 2 3 0 7 5 4 1 7 2 6 0 7 4 4 0 9 2 5 0 4 2 5 2 1 10 6 7 6 6 2 7 3 13 9 8 5 9 9 4 7 3 5 4 6 4 ASEAN 5 6 3 4 8 0 7 4 5 5 3 5 1 8 CIS 8 6 5 5 6 7 2 1 8 1 5 6 7 5 1 5 5 7 4 2 2 5 2 9 5 7 5 1 0 7 3 5 3 3 1 3 7 3 3 3 6 2 5 4 2 4 2 6 3 5 2 1 7 4 8
69. A E CHRD iA Cin A J 3 2 tk 105 2008 cei 1800 15 25 2008 Z oy FE 10 3 2009 2004 1
70. WIR 2006 Asset Exploiting FDI Asset Augmenting FDI Of M amp A 3 Wilhamson Oliver E 1985 The Economic Institutions of Capitalism New York The Free Press 21 22 pp97 98 Wiliamson asset specificity 1 2 3 4 2
71. Advantages B1 L Dis advantages L TCM 1 HO 3 V ay Ea H s Ww Pee 2 3 p A HH
72. A B1 Bt 107 Gir ERP ae eE pe AN AOMMIZBD TV oai
73. TCM C M al 4 TCM SMD 2009 IE LJ C M INJL
74. 2008 BRL WS 1 2007 S ANE 56 7 3 IMF 2007 2009 2009 FH 8 Hi K N ye AE 102 EOR
75. MEN INJL a ROBRICKS HAM RICKS MEAMCTHICtHAMARMNHS fi SMD TCM SMD ao 1 4 TCM SMD TCM
76. 70 p 418 2007 4 2008 CM TCM MD 6009 No 76 ae 2008 11 14 pp33 49 2009 2009 6 2008 WURF FAY SAAT A 11
77. 6 1 2 50 2009 1 0 0 859 15 Dtt 49 5000 A 8 3 39 2000 Eth L 200947 1 2 3 20 200 100 Ft
78. J 2006 Transaction Cost BS ate 5 th Ags Af amp IS AE 3 E C2 Curve market transaction cost curve ST Curve C1 Curve intra firm transaction cost 60 20
79. 100 lt C2 0 C1 100 lt C2 0 8 gt S 1 O Williamson 100 S 86 1 k
80. 1980 3 1 38 2005 2006 2007 4 89 5 09 5 29 5 09 5 8 5 19 FEB SE sR BAPE O REN ikm C Ob J Dunning OPP REMC KNIT 1 O Advantage L Advantage Advantage
81. 8 CTG gt 0 as Gy O Williamson GUE 1 O Williamson O E Williamson 1985 The Economic Institutions of Capitalism New York Free Press pp93 C G C1 C2 G1 G2 C1 G1 C2 G2 S C G lt 0 C1 G1 lt C2 G2 S C G gt 0 C1 G1 gt C2 G2
82. TF TIT amp SEAS ES AIS AHOMAA T ST 7 da 0 1 1 TCM SMD ST J C1100 W 5 90 qd Cl1 a C2 a 2 ao 3 W 100 2007 Transaction Cost Wx C2 Curve market transaction cost curve C1 Curve intra firm transaction cost curve 20 40 60 80 100 Inter
83. Internal Parts Production Rate a 40 80 100 HE T N m HH 85
84. SMD 1 96 A B1 B2 C D1 J 2 D A A A A TCM A 1 8 1 1
85. 1986 Economic Organization Firms Markets and Policy Control London Wheatsheaf Books Ltd 22 Williamson Oliver E 1995 ed Organization theory from Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond New York and Oxford Oxford University Press 2001 28 38 D 2001 2002 125 2006 OW 2006 2007
86. 7 C EMS Fujitec TRW Lear Actia Honeywell Parker Lodgenet Tyco York Johonson Controls NT EMS EU RoHS Gt Paper Desk Pad 4 RoHS H
87. 002 18014001 2004 TL9000 2005 ICTI COBP 58 HKQAA 108 Hml IS018485 2006 TSIISO16949 O pp Aes HH ACB 95 RoHS 1986 23 4 TV NEC GE 5 js 5
88. 2i 0 i 1 cug d cag i 1 ECOD cain lt i 1 S 1 1 DTR CEI i l i 1 n n C1i 100 lt 0 1 n C1i 100 1 1 1 1 4 OH Cli Ji C2i Ji lt C1i 100 1 i 6 7 7 lt E H eg 4 E 4 TCM E pE E 4 0 Williamson 4 BEE A By 51 Be YS BB MoE
89. 5 SHEE 2008 2008
90. DI the Implications of Hollowing Out on the Technological Development of Host Countries In International Business Review 9 pp 555 570 Tejima Shigeki 2000 The Effects of the Asian crisis on Japan s Manufacturing Foreign Direct Investment in Asia In Blechinger Verna and Lgewie Jochen 5 113 eds Facing Asia Japan role in the Political and Economic Dynamism of Regional Cooperation Munchen IUDICIUM Verlag GmbH German Institute for Japanese Studies pp 199 216 Tejima Shigeki 2003 Japans Manufacturing FDI in China 1ts Characteristics in Comparison In Haak Rene and Hippert Hanns G eds Focus China The New Challenge for Japanese Management Munchen IUDICIUM Verlag GmbH German Institute for Japanese Studies pp 61 81 Shigeki TEJIMA 2006 Changing Competitiveness of Japanese Firms and Role of Japan s FDI The Indian Economic Journal Vol 54 No 1 April June 2006 UNCTAD World Investment Report 1991 2009 UNCTAD 2009 The Global Economic Crisis Systemic Failures and Multilateral Remedies Williamson Oliver E 1985 The Economic Institutions of Capitalism New York The Free Press 21 Williamson Oliver E
91. Ok 2 Db X 2 6 2001 IT 1 TH 2008
92. TCM SMD 1 1 1
93. gar Publishing Ltd Dunning John H 1998 Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy Wokingham Addison Weseley Publishers Ltd Hamel G The Why What and How of Management Innovation Harvard Business Review March 2006 Henderson Rebecca M and Clark Kim B 1990 Architectural innovation the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms Technology Organizations and Innovation Administrative Science Quarterly 1990 March IMF 2009 World Economic Outlook Crisis and Recovery April 2009 Khanna Tarun and Palepu Krishna G 2006 Emerging Giants by Building World class Companies in Developing Countries Harvard Business Review 2006 October Oman Charles 1994 Globalization and Regionalization the challenge for developing countries Paris OECD Development Centre Tejima Shigeki 1996 Japanese Foreign Direct Investment at the New Stage of Globalization and its Contribution to the Asian Pacific Region In Dutta M Jan ed Research in Asian Economic Studies Volume 7 Part B Greenwich and London JAI Press Inc pp 369 389 Tejima Shigeki 1998 Japanese International Investment in the Regions of East Asia and Pacific a Horizontal Division of Labor In Mirza Hafiz ed Global Competitive Strategies in the New World Economy Cheltenham Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd pp 214 241 Tejima Shigeki 2000 Japanese F
94. l aT Financial and Economic Crisis since 2007 has prompted the development of lower price oriented second best market in developing countries Japanese firms have to achieve innovation of organization through introducing advantages of SMD organization into their own TCM organization responding to it TCM SMD Key word Transaction Cost Minimization TCM Organization SMD organization Non Japanese Preference First best Market Second Best Market 2007 236 2 2007 79 7 19 1 33 2 38 3
95. nal Parts Production Rate a BB dn A ES 5 SMD Specialty Market Development 5 1 5 2 3 4 1 Bul D 7 RZEK 5 91 1 5 Ne i 1 n lt e C
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