1999 Survey of Financial Security public use microdata file user guide
Contents
1. after the individual terminated employment For the most part LIRAs came into use in the late 1980s when revisions to pension regulatory legislation provided for enhanced portability of pension accruals on termination of employment Mutual investment funds The total value including investment earnings of all holdings in mutual and investment funds Excludes the amount held within registered plans Non financial assets Total value of the respondent s principal residence home other real estate vehicles and other non financial assets Non financial assets other Includes the value of the contents of the respondent s principal residence e g major appliances furniture electronic equipment valuables and collectibles e g antiques jewellery coin collections copyrights patents etc The contents of the respondent s home was the only item for which a specific value was not requested Because of the difficulty in estimating this value respondents were asked to select from 16 ranges The low point in that range is used in the estimate of net worth Principal residence home Market value as estimated by the respondent of the residence where the respondent lives If the respondent has two residences this would be the one where they most often live If the respondent shares ownership of the home with someone outside the family only the family s share is included If the property is a farm the estimated value of the farmhouse is2. decimal point Note that all calculations are to be derived from their un rounded components and then rounded using the normal rounding technique In normal rounding if the first or only digit to be dropped is 0 to 4 the last digit to be retained is not changed If the first or only digit to be dropped is 5 to 9 the last digit to be retained is raised by one For example in normal Statistics Canada 10 13M0026MIE2003002 rounding to the nearest 100 the estimate 49 448 would be rounded down to 49 400 and an estimate of 49 252 would be rounded up to 49 300 The figure 1 78 would be rounded to 1 8 Missing values and reserved codes There are a few types of missing values on the public use file If the coverage of a variable does not extend to a certain population sub group then there are no valid values for that sub group and the values that do appear are in the form of 9 99 9 9 and so on which indicates that the variable 1s not applicable The coverage of each variable on the file 1s referred to in the data dictionary as the population This also applies to derived variables for which some components have been capped to a certain limit For certain records no valid value is available although the variable 1s applicable Possibly the respondent did not provide the information or it failed an edit in processing and the value was not imputed Such missing values appear with a code such as 7 97 9 7 and so on depending on the format
3. from two sources The main sample drawn from an area frame consisted of approximately 21 000 dwellings This area sample was a stratified multi stage sample selected from the Labour Force Survey LFS sampling frame Dwellings selected for this survey had not previously participated in a labour force or financial survey conducted by Statistics Canada Sample selection comprised three steps the selection of clusters small geographic areas from the LFS frame field listing of all addresses within each selected cluster and the selection of dwellings within these selected clusters At the time that the SFS sample was selected the LFS frame was using 1991 Census geography The second portion of the sample approximately 2 000 households was drawn from geographic areas in which a large proportion of households had what was defined as high income This sample was included to improve the quality of the estimates of net worth as a disproportionate share of net worth is held by higher income family units For purposes of this sample the income cutoff was total family income of at least 200 000 or investment income of atleast 50 000 The latter was used to take into account those family units that may not have high income from employment but have substantial assets that generate investment income Processing and estimation methodology Data entry and automated editing for the 1999 Survey of Financial Security took place in Statistics Canada Quality co
4. on its website www statcan ca Listed below is a selection of recent papers for readers interested in assets and debts trends Several other reports are also available Onthe edge financially vulnerable families 11 008 XPE20020036395 Are families getting richer 11 008 XPE20020026348 Wealth inequality 75 001 X1E20020016137 The evolution of wealth inequality in Canada 1984 1999 11F0019MIE2002187 Statistics Canada s Survey of Financial Security update 13F0026MIE 1999006 Perspectives on Labour and Income 75 001 XIE Perspectives on Labour and Income is a quarterly journal that features analytical articles on the latest trends It includes a section that summarizes recent reports and studies released by Statistics Canada Subscribing to Perspectives on Labour and Income will prove to be an excellent way to keep up to date on what s new all year long Client Services For clients with more specialised data needs custom tabulations can be produced on a cost recovery basis For more information contact Client Services 1 888 297 7355 or 613 951 7355 e mail income statcan ca Income Statistics Division Statistics Canada 23 13M0026MIE2003002 11 QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS If you have any questions or comments about the data in this CD ROM product you can contact the Income Statistics Division Telephone 1 888 297 7355 or 613 951 7355 Facsimile Number 613 951 3012 Internet income statcan ca Income Statistic
5. released before applying the more rigorous test that uses the coefficient of variation The release cut offs are calculated specifically for the Survey of Financial Security based on the sample size and the sample design The cut off for the unweighted count must be satisfied e Unweighted count The number of observations must be at least 100 If the unweighted count is less than 100 then the weighted estimate should not be released regardless of the value of its coefficient of variation Estimates of Totals and Means Microdata users are cautioned that for a small number of records certain income asset and debt variables have been capped For records with very large values exceeding pre defined upper bounds for these variables the values have been set equal to the upper bound see Appendix A This capping will impact on estimated totals and means for affected variables To aid the user in assessing the impact of capping a table is given showing estimated totals computed from uncapped data on the internal database see Appendix B Comparing these totals with weighted totals obtained from the public use file will show the size of the impact on estimates Hypothesis tests provided by statistical software packages Micro data users should be aware that the results of hypothesis tests such as the p values accompanying t statistics or Pearson statistics that are provided automatically by standard statistical software packages are incorrect f
6. 00 089 6 486 2 352 20 299 15 607 152 941 244 678 20 235 17 563 41 392 78 536 Pension value all going concern WARPPG 701 965 7 934 2 589 23 270 17 445 178 638 287 344 24 285 20 072 48 809 91 581 Retirement funds other WAOTPEN 10 969 65 32 433 149 1 965 5 193 206 480 1 222 1 223 Business equity WBUSEQ 328 132 1 273 2 281 4 521 6 466 83 913 93 431 10 378 20 611 57 705 47 552 Debts total WDTOTAL 37 946 550 599 281 1 287 9 645 6 711 6 865 369 15 349 677 10 545 1 986 827 2 692 606 10 424 602 Mortgage on principal residence WDPRMOR 301 555 2 036 780 5 658 3 628 51 667 133 245 6 853 5 319 32 065 60 303 Mortgage Other Canadian amp foreign WDSTOMOR 47 116 273 71 629 400 13 392 15 807 689 656 5 012 10 187 Line of credit total WDSTLOC 24 997 213 64 686 349 3 483 11 779 475 722 2 829 4 396 Debts loans amp other WDSTOBDT 17 745 312 104 470 412 3 966 5 363 685 1 142 2 252 3 039 Net worth including pension termination WNETWPT 147 940 667 619 471 11 612 1 677 885 1 112 954 31 608 999 60 149 901 4 410 634 4 759 550 14 179 488 29 410 171 Net worth including pension going concern WNETWPG 151 937 284 620 903 11 849 1 310 310 1 689 259 31 486 579 61 814 983 5 384 501 6 209 229 15 164 294 28 245 378 Statistics Canada 26 13M0026MIE2003002
7. Catalogue no 13F0026MIE No 002 ISBN 0 662 34070 1 Research Paper 1999 Survey of Financial Security public use microdata file user guide by Pensions and Wealth Surveys Section Income Statistics Division 5th floor Jean Talon Building Ottawa K1A OT6 Telephone 1 613 951 7355 Statistics Data in many forms Statistics Canada disseminates data in a variety of forms In addition to publications both standard and special tabulations are offered Data are available on the Internet compact disc diskette computer printouts microfiche and microfilm and magnetic tape Maps and other geographic reference materials are available for some types of data Direct online access to aggregated information is possible through CANSIM Statistics Canada s machine readable database and retrieval system How to obtain more information Inquiries about this product and related statistics or services should be directed to Client Services Income Statistics Division Statistics Canada Ottawa Ontario KIA OT6 613 951 7355 888 297 7355 income statcan ca or to the Statistics Canada Regional Reference Centre Halifax 902 426 5331 Regina 306 780 5405 Montr al 514 283 5725 Edmonton 403 495 3027 Ottawa 613 951 8116 Calgary 403 292 6717 Toronto 416 973 6586 Vancouver 604 666 3691 Winnipeg 204 983 4020 You can also visit our World Wide Web site http www statcan ca Toll free access is provi
8. For certain variables the number of missing values has been reduced through imputation Missing values for the income variables have been entirely imputed but most other variables may have missing values The approach for dealing with missing values of this last kind depends on the type of analysis being carried out and the extent of missing data Although the end solution may be to exclude the records with missing values from the analysis a review should first be carried out to assess the impact of missing values on the overall representativeness of the data Is it possible that a bias results from the missing data for example are the other characteristics of the people with missing values different from those of the observed part of the sample It may be necessary to take into account the possible impact in some way In all cases analysts should note exclusions of records with missing values in their published results Finally a few values may have been coded as 8 98 9 8 etc These represent refusals to particular items in the interview S GUIDELINES FOR RELEASE DATA QUALITY Micro data users should apply the rules for assessing data quality below to all estimates they produce and retain only those that satisfy the release criteria Estimates that do not satisfy the release criteria are not reliable Introduction The guidelines for release and publication make use of the concept of sampling variability to determine whether estim
9. ISBN 0 662 34070 1 Frequency Irregular Ottawa La version francaise de cette publication est disponible sur demande Note of appreciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long standing partnership between Statistics Canada the citizens of Canada its businesses governments and other institutions Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued cooperation and goodwill Table of Contents T INTRODUCTION de e e Eie EE ode ee Cree ped scent etu tae aici 5 2 USING THE RECORD LAYOUT DATA DICTIONARY AND UNIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS 6 3 NOTES AND DEEINITIONS ri eite ed idee e eie e A inte Cei 7 4 GUIDELINES FOR ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION seeseeeeeeenrnreerenenenne eee enne ene 10 5 GUIDELINES FOR RELEASE DATA QUALITY essent ener ene 11 6 CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE PUBLIC USE MICRODATA eese e eren 12 7 SOURCES METHODS AND ESTIMATION PROCEDURES eere nennen 13 8 MICRODATA LICENCE AGREEMENT eee tete 20 9 RELATED PRODUCTS AND SERVIGES dne denne den aan een 23 10 RESEARCH AND WORKING PAPERS esses teinte a 23 11 eee a eee de pie dep hs 24 V EJUS IDEE 25 AppehbdBc Ure e tono teorie t etti octets TEE 26 1 INTRODUCTION The cross sectional public us
10. This is largely because records of the current value of assets and the outstanding amount of debt are not as readily available as records of income For example respondents with numerous bank accounts and investments may receive several different statements with different reference periods Compiling this information can be difficult most income information on the other hand would be available in one document 1f the respondent had completed an income tax return for the year in question Statistics Canada 18 13M0026MIE2003002 Direct comparisons with outside sources such as the Financial and Wealth Accounts of the System of National Accounts are difficult to make due to definitional coverage and treatment differences However based on rough comparisons the following general conclusions can be drawn a SFS appears to underestimate some net worth components particularly financial assets and consumer debt b The quality of estimates of real assets e g owner occupied homes vehicles is much better than that of financial assets Comparability of data and related sources It is important to realise that there are no other sources for much of the data collected by SFS Of the variables that do have sources comparison is often difficult because of differences in defining concepts grouping of items and how these items are valued Comparison with data from the System of National Accounts SNA data does yield certain differences In theo
11. a Composition of assets and debts Canada and provinces 1999 Assets and debts held by family units Canada and provinces 1999 Net worth of family units by selected characteristics 1999 Family units by net worth group and age 1999 Family units by income group and by net worth quintile 1999 Private pension assets of family units by selected characteristics 1999 The menu path to download the above listed tables is Canadian Statistics then The People followed by Families households and Housing and Assets and debts The assets and debts of Canadian An overview of the Survey of Financial Security 13 595 XTE The assets and debts of Canadian Focus on private pension savings 13 596 Survey of Financial Security Methodology for estimating the value of employer pension plans benefits 13F0026MIE2001003 The menu path to download the electronic version is Products and Services then Free followed by Personal finance and household finance Canada s Retirement Income Programs A statistical overview 1990 2000 74 507 XIE XPE 41 54 The electronic version of this publication is available on Statistics Canada s website www statcan ca The menu path to download the electronic version is Products and Services then For sale followed by Labour 10 RESEARCH AND WORKING PAPERS Statistics Canada publishes a variety of research and working papers that are made available free of charge
12. al property residential or non residential or vacant lots Mortgages Total amount owing on all mortgages both for the respondent s principal residence and any other real estate they may own Student loans Amount owing on loans taken out to attend a post secondary education program These loans are most often taken through the Canada Student Loan Program or one of the provincial student loan programs This item also includes amounts owing on loans taken directly from a financial institution to attend school Vehicle loans Amount owing on loans for those vehicles listed under assets 4 GUIDELINES FOR ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION Applying weights The micro data on the public use file are un weighted It is the responsibility of data users to apply the appropriate weights in any results they wish to produce If proper weights are not used the estimates derived from the micro data cannot be considered to be representative of the survey population and will not correspond to those that would be produced by Statistics Canada On the SFS PUMF the weight variable is named WEIGHT Rounding guidelines Once it has been determined whether the results obtained are reliable the level of rounding indicates the level of precision that the data can actually support The following guidelines for rounding should be used e Estimates of population sub groups should be rounded to the nearest hundred units e Rates and percentages should be rounded to one
13. alendar year or for the last financial quarter Data accuracy quality Sampling Error Statistics Canada 16 13M0026MIE2003002 Sampling errors are important because inferences about the entire population are based on information obtained from only a sample of the population Sample estimates usually differ from those that would be obtained if information were collected from the whole population Errors due to the extension of conclusions based on the sample to the entire population are known as sampling errors The sample design the variability of the population characteristics measured by the survey and the sample size determine the magnitude of the sampling error In addition for a given sample design different methods of estimation will affect the levels of sampling error Standard Error and Coefficient of Variation A common measure of sampling error is the standard error SE The standard error measures the degree of variation introduced in estimates by selecting one particular sample rather than another of the same size and design The standard error may also be used to calculate confidence intervals associated with an estimate Y Confidence intervals are used to express the precision of the estimate It has been demonstrated mathematically that if the sampling were repeated many times the true population value would lie within the Y 2SE confidence interval 95 times out of 100 and within the narrower confidence interval defined b
14. any way related to or connected with such fault inadequacy or unauthorized use of the Microdata file INDEMNIFICATION 11 The Licensee shall at all times indemnify and save harmless the Owner and her officers servants and agents from and against all claims losses damages costs expenses actions and other proceedings made sustained brought prosecuted threatened to be brought or prosecuted in any manner based upon caused by or in any way attributable to the use of the Microdata file and related documentation provided pursuant hereto TERM 12 This Agreement comes into force when signed by both Parties and shall continue in force until terminated in accordance herewith TERMINATION Statistics Canada 21 13M0026MIE2003002 13 1 The Owner may by providing 10 days written notice to the Licensee terminate this Agreement in the event the Licensee fails to observe any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement 2 The Owner may by providing 10 days written notice to the Licensee terminate this Agreement without cause 3 Where this Agreement is terminated pursuant to subsections 13 1 or 13 2 before the Licensee has been sent the Microdata file the Owner shall refund to the Licensee the amount which it has received pursuant to section 4 4 Where this Agreement is terminated pursuant to subsections 13 1 or 13 2 after the Licensee has been sent the Microdata file the Licensee shall return the Microdata file and related doc
15. ates obtained from the micro data are reliable Sampling variability 1s the error in the estimates caused by the fact that we survey a sample rather than the entire population The concept of standard error and the related concept of coefficient of variation and confidence interval provide an indication of the magnitude of the sampling variability The standard error and coefficient of variation do not measure any systematic biases in the survey data which might affect the estimate Rather they are based on the assumption that the sampling errors follow a normal probability distribution Subject to this assumption it is possible to estimate the extent to which different samples that have the same design and the same number of observations would give different results This indicates the margin of error that is likely to be included in the estimates derived from our single sample For a detailed description of the measures of sampling variability see A Satin and W Shastry Survey Sampling A Non Mathematical Guide Statistics Canada Catalogue 12 602E Minimum sizes of estimates for release In general the smaller the sample the greater the sampling variability Likewise estimates of small population subgroups are less reliable than estimates of large population subgroups The minimum allowable sizes of estimates Statistics Canada 11 13M0026MIE2003002 also called the release cut offs are a quick rule for determining whether an estimate can be
16. ates through the use of statistical software specifically designed for survey data This is because the design information required by these software packages is not currently available on the SFS data file due to confidentiality considerations However better variance estimates can be produced by Statistics Canada on a cost recovery basis 6 CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE PUBLIC USE MICRODATA The production of a public use micro data file includes many safeguards to prevent the identification of any one person The number of topics covered in SFS contributes to the amount of processing required specifically to ensure confidentiality Confidentiality of the public use file is ensured mainly by reducing information i e deleting whole variables or suppressing or collapsing some of their detail SFS uses a number of techniques to ensure confidentiality e All the variables which would permit direct identification of individuals are of course deleted from the file This includes name telephone number and other data used for collection purposes Statistics Canada 12 13M0026MIE2003002 e No geographic detail below the provincial level is available on the file Collapsing categories This is applied to categorical 1 e qualitative variables Top and bottom coding Very high and very low values usually are rare or unique in the population Such extreme values are replaced with an upper or lower range or value e Rounding Some variables partic
17. d reliable for general use Estimates with coefficients of variation greater than 3396 are deemed to be unreliable For estimates of net worth in this survey CVs greater then 33 generally occur when the sample size contributing to an estimate is less than 100 Consequently data are suppressed based on these limits This affects the level of detail in published tables and in particular limits the availability of provincial statistics Non Sampling Errors Non sampling errors occur because certain factors make it difficult to obtain accurate responses or responses that retain their accuracy throughout processing Unlike sampling error non sampling error is not readily quantified Four sources of non sampling error can be identified coverage error response error non response error and processing error a Coverage Errors Coverage errors results from inadequate representation of the intended population Such errors may occur during sample design or selection or during data collection and processing b Response Errors Statistics Canada 17 13M0026MIE2003002 Response errors may be due to many factors such as faulty questionnaire design interviewers or respondents misinterpretation of questions or respondents faulty reporting Great effort is invested in the SFS to reduce the occurrence of response error Measures undertaken to minimize response errors include the use of highly skilled and well trained interviewers and supervision o
18. ded for all users who reside outside the local dialing area of any of the Regional Reference Centres National enquiries line 1 800 263 1136 National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1 800 363 7629 Order only line Canada and United States 1 800 267 6677 Ordering Subscription information Catalogue no 13M0026MIE2003002 is available on internet for free Users can obtain single issues at http www statcan ca cgi bin downpub research cgi Standards of service to the public Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt reliable and courteous manner and in the official language of their choice To this end the Agency has developed standards of service which its employees observe in serving its clients To obtain a copy of these service standards please contact Statistics Canada toll free at 1 800 263 1136 Statistics Canada Income Statistics Division 1999 Survey of Financial Security public use microdata file user guide Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada O Minister of Industry 2003 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without prior written permission from Licence Services Marketing Division Statistics Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A OT6 April 2003 Catalogue no 13F0026MIE2003002
19. e micro data file for the Survey of Financial Security SFS 1s a collection of income expenses assets debts and wealth data on Canadian economic families Although this is the seventh time that Statistics Canada has conducted an asset and debt survey over fifteen years have passed since the last survey in 1984 The 1999 SFS provides a comprehensive picture of the net worth of Canadians Information was collected on the value of all major financial and non financial assets and on the money owing on mortgages vehicles credit cards student loans and other debts The value of these assets less the debts is referred to as net worth The 1999 Survey of Financial Security was carried out in all ten provinces the territories were not included With a few exceptions the reference period for the information was the time of data collection May to July 1999 The total sample for the 1999 Survey of Financial Security was approximately 23 000 dwellings it was drawn from two sources The main sample drawn from an area frame consisted of approximately 21 000 dwellings This area sample was a stratified multi stage sample selected from the Labour Force Survey LFS sampling frame The second portion of the sample approximately 2 000 households was drawn from geographic areas in which a large proportion of households had what was defined as high income This sample was included to improve the quality of the estimates of networth as a disproportionat
20. e share of net worth is held by higher income family units The SFS collected information for each person in the family 15 years of age and over The assets and debts however were collected for the family as a whole because they often cannot easily be assigned to one person in the family Specifically the following information was collected From each family member 15 years of age and over demographics age sex marital status ethno cultural characteristics education current employment income for the calendar year 1998 For the family unit as a whole financial and non financial assets equity in business debt in the form of mortgages vehicle loans credit card and line of credit debt student loans and other debt How to cite SFS in publications For publication of any information based on the SFS microdata file on CD ROM 13M0006XCB the following form of accreditation is recommended This analysis is based on Statistics Canada s Survey of Financial Security Public Use Microdata 1999 which contains anonymized data collected in the Survey of Financial Security All computations on these microdata were prepared by Name of user The responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author s Statistics Canada 5 13M0026MIE2003002 2 USING THE RECORD LAYOUT DATA DICTIONARY AND UNIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS Three additional information files are provided to assis
21. ed by governments and corporations Includes investment in foreign bonds but excludes the amount held within registered plans Deposits The total amount including interest of all chequing and savings accounts with a non zero balance and of other deposits such as term deposits and Guaranteed Investment Certificates These amounts would generally be held in financial institutions such as chartered banks trust companies co ops and caisses populaires This item includes only the amount held outside of registered plans Equity in business The estimated amount the respondent would receive if the business were sold after deducting any outstanding debts to be paid Statistics Canada 8 13M0026MIE2003002 Financial assets non pension Includes deposits in financial institutions and other invested assets that are not held in a pension program such as an RRSP or RRIF Financial assets other Includes less commonly held financial assets such as treasury bills mortgage backed securities money held in trust annuities money owed to the respondent and other miscellaneous financial assets It also includes shares of privately held companies and financial assets held in registered plans other than RRSPs and RRIFs e g RESPs Locked in Retirement Account LIRA An RRSP in which the money is locked in until the person reaches a specified age Included in the category RRSPs and RRIFs This money would have been transferred from an employer pension plan
22. eights are then further adjusted to ensure that estimates of relevant population characteristics would respect known population totals from sources external to the survey The population totals used for the SFS were based on Statistics Canada s Demography Division population counts for different province age sex groups The weights were also adjusted to ensure that the number of 1 person and 2 person households and the number of 1 person and 2 person family units agreed with known totals by province Response rates The overall response rate for the 1999 Survey of Financial Security was 75 7 The following table gives a breakdown by province for the area sample and the high income sample Area sample High income Overall response rate sample response response rate rate All provinces 77 3 59 9 75 7 Newfoundland 84 3 57 8 82 9 Prince Edward Island 84 1 66 7 83 1 Nova Scotia 81 0 63 2 79 8 New Brunswick 75 7 68 3 75 3 Quebec 77 5 59 6 75 9 Ontario 70 5 58 1 69 1 Manitoba 86 7 66 7 85 4 Saskatchewan 81 8 80 9 81 8 Alberta 81 3 64 9 79 7 British Columbia 75 0 52 0 72 3 Reference period With a few exceptions the reference period for the information was the time of data collection May to July 1999 For the asset and debt information respondents were asked to provide an estimate of the value or amount as close to the survey date as possible recognizing that their most recent statement may have been as of the end of the previous c
23. ein as the Licensee WHEREAS Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada is the lawful owner of the Microdata to be licensed AND WHEREAS the Licensee wishes to use the licensed Microdata NOW THEREFORE the Parties agree as follows DEFINITION 1 Microdata file means a non identifiable data set containing characteristics pertaining to surveyed units as described in section 2 DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT 2 1 The Microdata file referred to in this Agreement relates to Name and or Description of file 2 This Microdata file is being provided for statistical and research purposes and shall not be used for any other purposes without the prior written consent of the Owner CONTACT AND CUSTODIAN 3 1 The Licensee hereby nominates as the contact person to whom all further communication shall be addressed by the Owner on any matter concerning this Agreement 2 The contact person referred to in subsection 1 may only be changed upon written notice delivered to the Owner 3 The Licensee hereby nominates as the designated custodian of the Microdata file with responsibility for ensuring its proper use and custody pursuant to the terms of this Agreement LICENCE FEE AND PAYMENT 4 The total cost for the licence fee for the Microdata file referred to in section 2 shall be to be paid by cheque or money order payable to the Receiver General for Canada and sent to Director Financial Operations Division Statistics Canada 6th F
24. f interviewers to detect misinterpretation of instructions or problems with the questionnaire design Response error can also be brought about by respondents who willingly or not provide inaccurate responses Questions about the value of assets and the amount of debt can be particularly prone to misreporting as they are very sensitive questions and the respondents may not be able or willing to provide an answer As well because proxy response was accepted one family member may have provided information for another family member believing that information to be accurate that may not always have been the case When providing information for the survey respondents were encouraged to consult financial records or other family members as often as required c Non Response Errors Non response error occurs in sample surveys because not all potential respondents cooperate fully The extent of non response varies from partial non response to total non response Total non response occurs when the interviewer was either unable to contact the respondent no member of the economic family was able to provide information or the respondent refused to participate in the survey Total non response 1s handled by adjusting the basic survey weights for responding economic families to compensate for non responding economic families For the 1999 Survey of Financial Security the overall response rate was 75 7 In most cases partial non response occurred when t
25. he respondent did not understand or misinterpreted a question refused to answer a question or could not recall the requested information Imputing missing values compensates for this partial non response The importance of the non response error is unknown but in general this error is significant when non respondents differ significantly from respondents with respect to particular characteristics that are important determinants of survey results d Processing Errors Processing errors may occur in any of the data processing stages for example during data entry coding editing imputation weighting and tabulation To minimize errors diagnostic tests are carried out periodically to ensure that expected results have been obtained Treatment of Large Values For any sample estimates can be affected disproportionately by the presence or absence of extreme values from the population In an asset and debt survey a few extreme values are expected in the sample as valid extreme values do exist in the population Values outside defined bounds were identified and reviewed in relation to other information reported for that respondent If the value was judged to be the result of a reporting or processing error it was adjusted Otherwise it was retained Impact of sampling and non sampling errors on SFS estimates Due to the combined effect of these errors the quality of net worth data is judged to be lower than the quality of income data
26. hted and unweighted frequencies are provided for each range The minimum value the maximum value and the weighted mean excluding reserved codes are also provided Statistics Canada 6 13M0026MIE2003002 Reserved Codes SFS has adopted standard codes which have a particular meaning It is important to account for reserved codes in any analysis particularly with numeric variables If your calculation of means or aggregates seems too high check to ensure that you have excluded reserved codes from the calculation With only a few exceptions the reserved codes are the highest four values permitted according to the length of the variable A brief explanation of reserved codes is provided below 6 96 9 6 etc Not in sample 7 97 9 7 etc Don t know the respondent did not have an answer or the value was rejected during processing without being replaced 8 98 9 8 etc Refusal to the particular item in the questionnaire 9 99 9 9 etc Not applicable 3 NOTES AND DEFINITIONS This section reviews the definitions of the main assets debts and wealth concepts and their components Concepts Assets Total value of all financial assets non financial assets and equity in business Respondents were asked to report the market value of the asset that is the amount they would receive 1f they had sold the asset at the time of the survey If available respondents were encouraged to consult financial records When the value could n
27. included the value of the farmland would be included either with business equity or with other real estate if no business were reported Private pension assets Includes money invested in RRSPs and RRIFs the value of employer pension plan benefits and other pension generating assets such as deferred profit sharing plans and annuities Private pension assets other Includes money held in other pension generating assets such as deferred profit sharing plans and annuities Real estate other Estimated market value of real estate other than the respondent s home Included would be second homes vacation homes timeshares rental property residential or non residential or vacant lots Includes property in Canada or outside Registered retirement income funds RRIFs A fund intended to provide a regular income in retirement Monies in RRSPs must be transferred to a RRIF before the end of the year in which the owner of the RRSP turns 69 Payments from an RRIF may be varied but a minimum amount must be withdrawn annually Also includes monies in locked in retirement income funds LRIFs and life income funds LIFs these plans are intended to receive amounts transferred from an employer pension plan Stock Total value including earnings of all publicly traded common and preferred shares Includes foreign stock but excludes the amount held within registered plans Vehicles Estimated value of cars trucks vans sport utility vehicle as wel
28. its on the files REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 8 The Owner warrants the medium containing the Microdata file provided to the Licensee shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from the date of receipt The Owner s sole obligation and the Licensee s sole remedy with respect to the foregoing warranty shall be for the Owner to replace such defective media at no charge to the Licensee upon its return to the Owner Except as stated herein the Owner makes no representations or warranties expressed or implied as to merchantability fitness for any particular purpose or otherwise with respect to the Microdata file or the related documentation provided PUBLICATION BY THE LICENSEE 9 1 In any publication of any information based on the Microdata file provided pursuant to this Agreement the Licensee shall use the following form of accreditation This analysis is based on Statistics Canada microdata tape which contains anonymized data collected in the Year Name of Survey All computations on these microdata were prepared by Name of user organization and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author s LIABILITY 10 The Owner shall not be liable to the Licensee for any design performance other fault or inadequacy or unauthorized use of the Microdata file or related documentation provided pursuant hereto or for damages of any kind arising out of or in
29. l as motorcycles mobile homes boats and snowmobiles Excludes vehicles owned by the respondent s business and vehicles that are leased Statistics Canada 9 13M0026MIE2003002 Debts Credit card and installment debt For credit cards the amount owing on the last bill excluding any new purchases Includes major credit cards VISA Mastercard American Express Diners Club en Route and retail store cards gasoline station cards etc Instalment debt is the total amount owing on deferred payment or instalment plans where the purchased item is to be paid for over a period of time Debt other Includes the amount owing on other loans from financial institutions unpaid bills etc Line of credit LOC Total amount owing on both a home equity line of credit and a regular line of credit This does not refer to the credit limit on the LOC Mortgage on principal residence Outstanding amount owing on the respondent s principal residence If the respondent shares ownership of the home with someone outside the family only the family s share of the mortgage is included If the property is a farm the mortgage owing on the farmhouse is included the mortgage on the remainder of the farm would implicitly be included with business equity or would be included with mortgage owing on other real estate if no business were reported Mortgages on other real estate Respondent s share of the mortgage owing on second homes vacation homes timeshares rent
30. loor R H Coats Building Ottawa Ontario K1A 0T6 DELIVERY OF PRODUCT 5 1 The Owner shall provide to the Licensee s contact person as soon as practically possible one copy of the Microdata file on the medium agreed to by the parties 2 The Owner shall also provide to the Licensee such documentation related to the Microdata file provided pursuant hereto as is reasonably necessary for the use of the Microdata file Statistics Canada 20 13M0026MIE2003002 OWNERSHIP 6 The Microdata file and related documentation shall at all times be and remain the sole and exclusive property of the Owner it being mutually agreed that this Agreement involves a licence for the use of the Microdata file and related documentation and that nothing contained herein shall be deemed to convey any title or ownership interest in the Microdata file or the related documentation to the Licensee LICENCE 7 1 The Owner hereby grants to the Licensee a non exclusive non assignable and non transferable licence to use the Microdata file and related documentation provided pursuant to section 5 for statistical and research purposes 2 No duplicates or copies of all or any part of the Microdata file shall be made by the Licensee except for backup purposes nor shall they be made accessible to any third party without written permission of the Owner 3 The Licensee shall not match the records on the Microdata file to any other data files so as to re identify the survey un
31. mating the value of EPPs is a complex process that had not been previously been done by an asset and debt survey General Methodology Universe and target population The 1999 Survey of Financial Security was carried out in all ten provinces the territories were not included Those living on Indian reserves and crown lands and official representatives of foreign countries living in Canada and their families were also excluded from the survey Members of religious and other communal colonies members of the Canadian Forces living in military camps and people living in residences for senior citizens were excluded as were people living full time in institutions for example inmates of penal institutions and chronic care patients living in hospitals and nursing homes The survey covers about 98 of the population in the ten provinces Information was not gathered from persons temporarily living away from their families for example students at university because it would be gathered from their families if selected In this way double counting of such individuals was avoided Some of the information was collected for each person in the family 15 years of age and over The assets and debts however were collected for the family as a whole because they often cannot easily be assigned to one person in the family Specifically the following information was collected Statistics Canada 13 13M0026MIE2003002 From each family member 15 years of age and o
32. ntrol tests were done at the time of data entry and if necessary information re entered Then data passed through an automated edit system to identify inconsistencies and potential errors in the data Statistics Canada 14 13M0026MIE2003002 Imputation of Missing Data Missing responses were imputed for all key fields in the questionnaire Where possible information was imputed deterministically using other information reported by the respondent For example when the respondent could not estimate the value of their vehicle the reported make model and year was used to impute a value This value was determined by consulting a reference book When deterministic imputation was not possible hotdeck imputation methods were used in most cases and for all components of income and net worth nearest neighbour techniques were employed These methods involve identifying another individual or family with similar characteristics to become the donor and provide the imputed value Income data obtained from tax returns are considered complete and thus do not require imputation The following table indicates the percentage of the value of each asset and debt item that was determined through imputation Assets or debts Imputed after imputation ASSETS 100 24 Pension assets 29 63 RRSPs RRIFs 12 10 Employer pension plans 17 100 Other pension assets 20 Financial assets non pension 12 17 Deposits in financial institutions 5 14 Mutual investmen
33. o on Although still rather cryptic it is considerably more revealing than the variable name However this longer name obviously excludes a lot of important information contained in the variable description shown in the data dictionary In short analysts are warned against making assumptions about the variable definition based on the long variable name Number of categories Shows the number of categories in the value set for the variable in question Applies only to character variables Numeric variables have ranges which are specified in the data dictionary DATA DICTIONARY The data dictionary presents the complete information about each survey variable on each of the three files For each variable are shown the variable name the description or definition code lists with descriptions or alternatively the range of values that the variable can take on the variable type its length or format and the population to which the variable pertains i e for whom it is applicable UNIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS These distributions are provided to allow users of the public use micro data files to verify totals that they produce These distributions relate to the public use files and not to the internal database the distributions will be similar but not identical For character variables the weighted and unweighted frequencies for each code including reserved codes are produced For numeric variables the values are broken into several ranges and weig
34. or data provided by surveys with a complex survey design such as Survey of Financial Security Such packages calculate these test results under the assumption of simple random sampling That is they do not take into account the special sample design features of SFS such as stratification clustering and unequal selection probabilities While many of the standard packages can account for the unequal selection probabilities in the production of estimates by allowing the use of weights these packages do not properly take the sample design into account when producing variance estimates that form part of most test statistics To perform hypothesis tests a two step method can be employed with the standard statistical software to form the test statistics First estimate the characteristics of interest using the weights provided on the micro data file Second obtain approximate variance estimates of these characteristics by rerunning the same software procedure as that used for producing the characteristic estimates but using a scaled weight that consists of the original weight divided by the average of the original weights of all the observations being used in your computations The quantities calculated in the two steps can then be combined to form test statistics It must be noted that this method provides only rough approximations to the standard errors It should be noted that users of the SFS PUMF cannot readily obtain better design based variance estim
35. ot be determined through an independent source the respondent was asked to estimate the value The assets included are categorized as follows Private pension assets RRSPs and RRIFs Employer pension plans Other private pension assets Financial assets non pension Deposits in financial institutions Mutual investment funds Stocks Bonds savings and other Other financial assets Non financial assets Principal residence Other real estate Vehicles Other non financial assets Equity in business Debts Debts are categorized as follows Mortgage Principal residence Statistics Canada 7 13M0026MIE2003002 Other real estate Line of credit Credit card and installment debt Student loans Vehicle loans Other debt Net worth sometimes referred to as wealth Defined as the difference between the value of its total asset holdings and the amount of total indebtedness Family units Includes economic families of two or more and unattached individuals Economic family Defined as a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood marriage common law or adoption Unattached individual Person living either alone or with others to whom he or she 1s unrelated such as roommates or a lodger Average mean Computed as the total or aggregate divided by the number of units in the population The drawback to the use of the average is that because everyone s value is counted the mean is sensiti
36. ry given similar valuation procedures and groupings SNA data should be the same as that collected by an asset and debt survey The SNA collects individual wealth data from institutional sources such as banks and insurance companies net of corporations and governments One major problem has been the SNA categorisation of individuals and unincorporated business Because the individual data and the unincorporated business can not be separated out these estimates will always be higher than the survey estimates alone The Census and other surveys are important sources for ensuring that the SFS sample is representative of the Canadian population Despite conceptual differences with the SNA estimates ensuring a representative sample is extremely important to the validity of the data It was determined that with respect to characteristics such as sex age marital status education that the 1999 SFS data was very comparable to data from the 1996 Census SFS estimates for pension variables such as membership and contributions were found to be very close to data produced by Statistics Canada s Pension and Wealth Surveys section Statistics Canada 19 13M0026MIE2003002 8 MICRODATA LICENCE AGREEMENT BETWEEN HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN 1n right of Canada represented by the Minister of Industry having been designated as the Minister for the purposes of the Statistics Act referred to herein as the Owner AND Name of Other Party referred to her
37. s Division Statistics Canada Ottawa Ontario 0T6 Statistics Canada 24 13M0026MIE2003002 Appendix A List of capped variables Variable Variable name Limit Earnings EARNG27 800 000 Earnings negative values EARNG27 50 000 Investment income INVA27 250 000 Investment income negative values INVA27 20 000 Retirement pensions PEN27 100 000 Other income OTTXM27 50 000 Deposits total non RRSP WASTDEPT 600 000 Mutual funds amp other investments non RRSP WAMUTUAL 800 000 Bonds total non RRSP WASTBOND 250 000 Stocks total non RRSP WASTSTCK 2 500 000 Other non pension investment financial asset WASTOINP 500 000 RRSP LIRA WARRSPL 1 000 000 RRIF WARRIF 600 000 Principal residence WAPRVAL 1 500 000 Real estate not principal residence WASTREST 1 500 000 Vehicles total WASTVHLE 150 000 Non financial asset other gpl WASTONOF 800 000 Pension value all term WARPPT 800 000 Pension value all GC WARPPG 800 000 Retirement funds other WAOTPEN 150 000 Business equity WBUSEQ 5 000 000 Business equity negative values WBUSEQ 100 000 Mortgage on principal residence WDPRMOR 400 000 Mortgage other Can amp for WDSTOMOR 300 000 Line of credit total WDSTLOC 150 000 Debts loans amp other WDSTOBDT 150 000 In addition the following derived variables were set to N A 9 s if any of their components had been capped Marke
38. s all termination WATOTPT 117 253 412 29 272 12 899 1 687 526 1 119 607 26 166 096 48 744 945 4 421 100 2 795 912 12 294 555 19 981 500 Assets all going concern WATOTPG 121 250 317 30 719 13 135 1 319 951 1 695 885 26 043 702 50 410 176 5 394 906 4 245 561 13 279 385 18 816 897 Deposits total non RRSP WASTDEPT 159 006 1 188 366 3 123 2 606 31 911 70 583 6 054 6 691 15 553 20 930 Mutual funds amp other investments non RRSP WAMUTUAL 79 440 382 265 1 700 863 12 211 38 131 3 670 3 065 7 376 11 777 Bonds total non RRSP WASTBOND 23 262 113 69 301 231 3 986 1 223 1 158 867 1 920 3 394 Stocks total non RRSP WASTSTCK 114 735 1 453 235 2 762 931 23 950 48 969 2 046 1 856 12 493 20 041 Other non pension investment financial asset WASTOINP 31 177 116 61 635 343 6 946 0 212 1 233 1 477 4 199 5 955 RRSP LIRA WARRSPL 338 522 2 544 1 406 7 102 5 045 70 814 142 613 11 658 10 754 35 912 50 674 RRIF WARRIF 64 473 224 264 1 260 804 15 042 30 422 2 611 1 914 3 349 8 584 Principal residence WAPRVAL 1 097 758 9 644 3 358 21 223 16 613 188 709 491 349 26 087 22 790 104 504 213 480 Real estate not principal residence WASTREST 227 983 1 423 621 3 678 3 063 49 265 93 091 4 539 6 579 23 601 42 123 Vehicles total WASTVHLE 124 761 1 626 544 3 498 3 161 26 105 44 950 4 601 5 287 15 283 19 707 Non financial asset other gp1 WASTONOF 223 952 2 734 1 045 7 143 4 741 48 462 87 506 7 801 7 362 21 560 35 599 Pension value all termination WARPPT 6
39. t funds 2 13 Stocks 3 25 Bonds savings and other 1 17 Other financial assets 2 17 Non financial assets 48 4 Principal residence 32 4 Other real estate 7 6 Vehicles 4 5 Other non financial assets 7 4 Equity in business 10 9 DEBTS 100 4 Mortgages 78 4 Principal residence 66 4 Other real estate 11 5 Line of credit 6 5 Credit card and instalment debt 3 3 Student loans 3 3 Vehicle loans 6 4 Other debt 4 3 This means for example that the principal residence the home constituted 32 of total assets and that 4 of the total amount for principal residence was imputed The percent imputed is 10096 because all values for employer pension plans were estimated This affects the imputation rate for total assets and for net worth Statistics Canada 15 13M0026MIE2003002 Weighting The estimation of population characteristics from a survey is based on the premise that each sampled unit represents in addition to itself a certain number of unsampled units in the population A basic survey weight is attached to each sample record to indicate the number of units in the population that it represents Two types of adjustment are then applied to the basic survey weights in order to improve the reliability of the estimates The basic weights are first inflated to compensate for non response This adjustment was applied within groups of sample units that are geographically close and the two samples were adjusted separately The non response adjusted w
40. t income MTINC27 Total income TTINC27 Assets all termination WATOTPT Assets all going concern WATOTPG Debts total WDTOTAL Net worth inc pension term WNETWPT Net worth inc pensions GC WNETWPG Income tax INCTX27 After tax income ATINC27 Statistics Canada 25 13M0026MIE2003002 All amounts are in millions of dollars Appendix B 1999 Survey of Financial Security Estimated totals using uncapped data Prince Edward Nova New British Canada Newfoundland Island Scotia Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta Columbia Total income TTINC27 3 470 485 7 871 2278 91 892 70 475 170 890 2 334 564 43 421 17 320 436 735 295 040 Income tax INCTX27 2 995 555 1 334 389 80 188 60 398 63 079 2 137 689 26 803 3 313 387 735 234 626 After tax income ATINC27 3 358 923 6 537 1 889 90 302 68 477 139 410 2 288 975 39 517 14 007 425 200 284 609 Earnings EARNG27 464 625 5 343 1 577 11 270 8 602 104 830 190 129 15 535 12 938 50 585 63 817 Investment income INVA27 21 344 96 57 414 235 4 675 8 492 980 736 2 458 3 200 Retirement pensions PEN27 35 963 357 154 1 052 808 8 977 16 137 1 079 1 046 2 251 4 101 Other income OTTXM27 7 951 272 54 202 221 1 598 3 389 295 246 808 865 Market income MTINC27 3 396 144 6 075 1 845 89 300 68 207 151 908 2 306 447 40 785 15 001 431 204 285 373 Asset
41. t users of the SFS public use micro data file A record layout a data dictionary and univariate distributions are provided These information files are organized by content themes and in some cases sub themes The record layout columns are as follows RECORD LAYOUTS Public use file PUF variable name This is the variable name assigned for the micro data file In almost every case this name is identical to the name on the SFS internal database The numerals at or near the end of the variable name refer to the source table in the master SFS database Data dictionary name This is the variable name in the internal SFS database Type Indicates whether the variable is numeric in the sense that it can logically be used in mathematical operations or character Start position sequence number and format This shows the location of the variable on the public use file The format shows both the length the number of spaces including the decimal point if there are decimal places and the number of decimal places if any For example a variable which can have values of zero 00 0 to 99 9 would have a format expressed as 4 1 A variable which can have values of zero 00 to 99 would have a format expressed as 2 Occurrence For cross sectional files this column has the reference year for the variable Long variable name A standardized name with a maximum of 26 characters which can be used to quickly identify variables to label tables and s
42. ularly monetary values are rounded e Suppression of characteristics In certain cases combinations of variables can be problematic Detailed cross tabulations were examined to identify such cases and certain values were suppressed or collapsed e Addition of noise perturbation Numeric values may have been raised or reduced by unequal amounts and proportions in a random like fashion addition of noise while maintaining data integrity for the purpose of producing precise and accurate statistics e Imputed records and variables on the file are not identified as such 7 SOURCES METHODS AND ESTIMATION PROCEDURES Objectives of Survey Overview The 1999 SFS provides a comprehensive picture of the net worth of Canadians Information was collected on the value of all major financial and non financial assets and on the money owing on mortgages vehicles credit cards student loans and other debts The value of these assets less the debts is referred to as net worth A family s net worth can be thought of as the amount of money they would be left with if they sold all of their assets and paid off all of their debt One important component of net worth is the value of employer pension plan EPP benefits Although not an asset in the sense that it can be sold or used for another purpose it is nonetheless a very important part of the wealth of Canadians as it will provide many with at least a portion of the income needed in retirement Esti
43. umentation provided pursuant hereto as well as any copies to the Owner 14 Any notice to be given to the Owner or the Licensee shall be sent by registered mail to Address of the Owner Address of the Licensee 15 Sections 10 and 11 hereof survive the termination of this Agreement pursuant to section 13 AMENDMENT 16 No amendment to this Agreement shall be valid unless it is reduced to writing and signed by the Parties hereto ENTIRE AGREEMENT 17 This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous negotiations communications and other agreements unless they are incorporated by reference in this Agreement APPROPRIATE LAW 18 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws in force in the Province of and any federal laws applicable thereto This Agreement has been executed on behalf of the Owner and the Licensee by FOR THE OWNER Witness Date Director Name of Division Statistics Canada FOR THE LICENSEE Witness Date Title for Other Party Note The above agreement relates to the private sector Those in government or educational institutions have a slightly different contract Statistics Canada 22 13M0026MIE2003002 9 RELATED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Canadian Statistics on the Internet The following data are available free of charge on Statistics Canada s website www statcan c
44. ve to extreme values unusually high values will have a large impact on the estimate of the average while unusually low ones i e highly negative values will drive it down Major income recipient For each family the person with the highest income before tax For persons with negative total income before tax the absolute value of their income is used to reflect the fact that negative incomes generally arise from losses earned in the market place and are not meant to be sustained In the rare situations where two persons have exactly the same income the older person is the major income recipient Median The value at which half of the units in the population have lower values and half have higher In this report median is most often used as a measure of net worth it can be used with other values as well for example income To derive the median value of net worth units are ranked from lowest to highest according to their net worth and then separated into two equal sized groups The value that separates these groups is the median net worth It corresponds to the 50th percentile Because the median corresponds exactly to the mid point of the net worth distribution it is not contrary to the mean affected by extreme net worth values Definitions Assets Assets Total value of all financial assets non financial assets and equity in business Bonds Total value including earnings of federal and provincial savings bonds and other bonds issu
45. ver demographics age sex marital status ethno cultural characteristics education current employment income for the calendar year 1998 For the family unit as a whole financial and non financial assets equity in business debt in the form of mortgages vehicle loans credit card and line of credit debt student loans and other debt Data collection and sources The 1999 Survey of Financial Security was conducted from May to July 1999 Data were collected during a personal interview using a paper questionnaire A copy of this questionnaire can be found in a research paper entitled Survey of Financial Security Interview questionnaire on the Statistics Canada website www statcan ca For families the interview was held with the family member with most knowledge of the family s financial situation If necessary follow up was done with other family members Proxy response was accepted This allowed one family member to answer questions on behalf of any or all other members of the family provided he or she was willing and able to do so To reduce response burden for the questions on 1998 income respondents could give Statistics Canada permission to use the income information from their T1 tax return Close to 85 of survey respondents gave their consent to use these administrative records Sampling The total sample for the 1999 Survey of Financial Security was approximately 23 000 dwellings it was drawn
46. y Y SE 68 times out of 100 Another important measure of sampling error is given by the coefficient of variation which is computed as the estimated standard error as a percentage of the estimate Y i e 100 x SE Y To illustrate the relationship between the standard error the confidence intervals and the coefficient of variation let us take the following example Suppose that the estimated median net worth from a given source is 10 000 and that its corresponding standard error is 200 The coefficient of variation is therefore equal to 2 The 95 confidence interval estimated from this sample ranges from 9 600 to 10 400 i e 10 000 400 This means that with a 95 degree of confidence it can be asserted that the median net worth of the target population is between 9 600 and 10 400 The bootstrap approach a pseudo replication technique is used for the calculation of the standard errors of the estimates presented in this publication For more information on standard errors and coefficients of variation refer to the Statistics Canada publication Catalogue 71 526 XPB Methodology of the Canadian Labour Force Survey Standard errors and coefficients of variation of the estimates presented in this publication are available on request Data Suppression Data reliability of the survey estimates has been assessed based on the calculated coefficients of variation Estimates with a coefficient of variation less than 33 are considere
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