MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET USER'S GUIDE
Contents
1. 04 05 Qu bec z2. American organization are often the ones that appear on the MSDS Exposure limit values are given in ppm in mg m or in fibres cm If a product consists of several ingredients the exposure limit for each of the ingredients must be indicated on the MSDS 40 IRRITANCY AND CORROSIVENESS This subsection indicates whether the substance may cause irritation of the eyes skin or mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive tracts A substance s irritating effects on the eyes or skin may be for example a minor tingling sensation to erythema redness or edema swelling This dam age is reversible meaning that it disappears with time when exposure to the product stops If the damage caused by a substance is irreversible the substance is said to be corrosive Examples Isopropyl alcohol is moderately irritating to the eyes and slightly or not irritating to the skin Exposure to vapours of this substance may cause irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract Sodium hydroxide is a corrosive product that may cause serious burns accompanied by deep ulceration of the skin On the eyes it causes disintegration and escharification of the conjunctiva and cornea accompanied by edema and ulceration Permanent opacification of the cornea is also possible Expo sure to dusts or mists may cause irritation and ulceration of the nasal passages Pulmonary edema may occur with exposures to high concentrations of dusts or mists
3. Example Normal butanol has a flash point in a closed cup of 29 C Set a flash method It is therefore extremely flammable on a hot summer day when its vapours come in contact with a flame or spark 24 25 LOWER AND UPPER EXPLOSIVE OR FLAMMABLE LIMITS These are the minimum and maximum concentra tions of a product in the between which a flammable or explosive mixture can form in the presence of an ignition source These concentra tions are expressed as a percentage of the volume in the air Example Ethylene has a lower explosive limit of 2 7 and an upper limit of 36 Therefore in the presence of ignition source if the concentration of the gas is less than 2 7 or greater than 36 there is no risk of explosion But if the concentration of the sub stance is between these two limits the mixture could explode The concentration of the product in the air must be kept under its lower explosive limit for example by using appropriate ventilation 26 ETHYLENE 2 T lo 27 AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE This is the lowest temperature at which sponta neous combustion of a product occurs It begins to burn by itself in the absence of any flame or spark The closer the auto ignition temperature is to the ambient temperature the greater the risk of fire Example Turpentine has an auto ignition temperature of 253 C Therefore it will not burst into flame by itself at ambient temperature CON
4. LD 5g This is the amount of a substance that causes the death of 50 of the laboratory animals exposed to it orally ingestion or cutaneously There are other routes of entry for example by injection but WHMIS does not take them into account LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50 LCso This is the concentration of a substance in the air that causes the death of 50 of the laboratory animals exposed to it by inhalation generally for 4 hours 10 56 uS 1QEY 6x 6 lt esnow y 00 esnow 002 yey 0597 y y udd 0002 1eY 05syT o00T 09 T TZ ZOT 094 6 MOA 14139 snoprezey ooT T 0 1 11 09 UOTJPIJUSIU0 sy jelaAas Jo 001 09 99 sy snoprezey Jpnpold amg Se A O EFE E EI E A A PHYSICAL DATA This section of the MSDS describes the physico chemical characteristics of a substance based on current scientific knowledge MOLECULAR FORMULA The molecular formula describes using their symbols the elements that make up a substance and indicates their proportion Pure substances are the only ones with a definite molecular formula Examples Water H20 Toluene M
5. avoiding overexposure or chemical hazards and the procedures to follow in an emergency A controlled product is a hazardous material meeting the hazard criteria defined in the Controlled Products Regulations The information provided on the MSDS completes the information that is found on the label of a controlled product The supplier sends the MSDS to the employer when the product is sold It must be available in French and in English be kept on the premises by the employer in a location known by the workers and be easily and rapidly accessible to those who are likely to come in contact with the product INFORMATION TO DISCLOSE ON THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET The material safety data sheet must contain nine categories of information They can be presented under the following headings or under equivalent headings e Product information e Information on the preparation of the MSDS e Hazardous ingredients e Physical data e Fire and explosion hazards e Reactivity data e Toxicological properties e Preventive measures e First aid measures The internationally harmonized material safety data sheet consisting of 16 categories of informa tion is accepted in Canada insofar as it contains the information required by WHMIS and that it mentions that the product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria listed in the Controlled Products Regulations PRODUCT INFORMATION This section of the MSDS includes the fol
6. ingredients that are teratogenic embryotoxic carcinogenic toxic to reproduction mutagenic and respiratory tract sensitizers In other cases ingredients that are themselves controlled products and whose concentration is above 1 are disclosed 11 which are on the ingredient disclosure list 1f their concentration is equal to or greater than the concentration on this list even if the ingredient is not a controlled product as defined in WHMIS 111 which the supplier believes based on reasonable grounds to be harmful to the health of the workers 1v whose toxicological properties are unknown The concentration is defined as being the amount of a component in the total amount of the mixture It can be expressed as a percentage and inter preted as being a ratio e Weight of component weight of mixture W W or e Weight of component volume of mixture W V or e Volume of component volume of mixture V V On the MSDS the actual concentration of the ingredient can be replaced by one of the following permitted ranges of concentrations namely e from 0 1 to 1 e from 10 to 30 e from 0 5 to 1 5 e from 15 to 40 e from 1 to 5 e from 30 to 60 e from 3 to 7 e from 40 to 70 e from 5 to 10 e from 60 to 100 e from 7 to 13 CAS REGISTRY NUMBER The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service a division of the American Chemical Society to precisely identify a chemical substance LETHAL DOSE 50
7. is applied Under no circumstance may the AAEV be higher than the TWAEV The short term exposure value STEV is the 15 minute time weighted average concentration for exposure to a chemical substance in the form of gases dusts fumes vapours or mists present in the air in a worker s respiratory zone which should not be exceeded at any time during a workday even if the time weighted average exposure value is not exceeded The average exposure for a 15 minute consecutive period may be included between the TWAEV and the STEV insofar as such exposures are not repeated more than 4 times a day and have intervals between them of periods of at least 60 minutes 59 The ceiling value is the concentration never to be exceeded during any length of time whatsoever The regulation also includes designations and remarks Pc percutaneous EM exposure reduced to a minimum RP recirculation prohibited S sensitization and the carcinogen designations For more details consult Schedule 1 of the Regulation respecting occupational health and safety TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS TDG In Qu bec the TDG is regulated by the Transportation of Dangerous Substances Regulation of the minist re des Transports of Qu bec It was adopted in compliance with the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations of Transport Canada in application of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act DEFINITIONS PIN UN Product I
8. is a pneumo coniosis caused by the accumulation of iron dusts in the pulmonary alveoli Silicosis Pneumoconiosis lung disease caused by the inhala tion of crystalline silica dust Stenosis Narrowing of a natural duct or orifice STEV Short term exposure value STP Standard temperature and pressure Standard temperature and pressure namely 0 C and 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa Strabismus Failure of two visual axes to converge on a fixed point causing cross eyes Sublimation To go directly from the solid to the gaseous state without going through the liquid state Substance Term generally used in federal legislation Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and provin cial legislation Regulation respecting occupational health and safety This term applies to a homoge neous material of defined chemical composition that cannot be separated by a mechanical process This definition therefore does not apply to solutions dis persions alloys etc which are mixtures of several substances Examples oxygen 02 hydrogen chlo ride HCl 17 Syncope Complete temporary loss of consciousness following cardiac and respiratory arrest Tachycardia Rapid heart rate Tachypnea Abnormally rapid breathing Tetanic Said of a persistent muscle contraction Thrombocytopenia Reduction in the number of blood platelets Toxicokinetic Study of the fate of a toxic substance in the body The amount of substance that acts
9. m at 25 C and 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa mg m ppm X molecular weight 24 45 To convert mg l into mg m 1 mg m mg l X 1000 To convert mm Hg into kPa 133 32 kPa mm Hg X 1000 To convert F into C C F 32 X5 9 To convert C into F F C X9 32 5 To convert log Pow into the coefficient of water oil distribution Coefficient of water oil distribution 10 109 Pow To convert the coefficient of water oil distribution into log Pow Logio Pow logio coefficient of water oil distribution Only applies to gases and vapours 80 SERVICES OFFERED What services are offered by the CSST s Service du r pertoire toxicologique for chemical and biological contaminants Information on chemical and biological sub stances taken from the product database It con tains information on physical and chemical char acteristics toxicological properties preventive measures first aid and regulations The Service s web site contains a list of useful links a glossary as well as various documents e Information on WHMIS How can you access the services offered e Through the web site at the following address www reptox csst qc ca e By telephone from 8 30 a m to 4 30 p m from Monday to Friday inclusively except statutory holidays by asking for the professional on duty e By mail e By e mail e By fax e By coming to the office during working hours ADDRESS Service du r pert
10. mutagenic effect transmission of the effetcs to future children 47 NAMES TOXICOLOGICALLY SYNERGISTIC PRODUCTS These are substances or products that interact with the controlled product to produce a toxic effect greater than the sum of their individual effects There are other types of interactions between chemical products namely antagonism reduced toxic effects the additive effect effects that are added etc However the Controlled Products Regulations do not require that these effects be mentioned on the MSDS Example The duration of xylene s toxic effects increases with the consumption of alcohol or aspirin 48 PREVENTIVE MEASURES This section contains useful information for protecting the health and physical well being of a worker exposed to the product under normal or accidental conditions of use handling or storage of this product PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO BE USED This subsection specifies the parts of the body to be protected and the type of protective equipment appropriate to the contaminant exposure and the regulations in force in Qu bec For more information on the respiratory protective equipment to use in Qu bec consult the following Web site www prot resp csst qc ca Example Xylene Respiratory tract From 100 ppm wear an appropriate respirator Skin Gloves Multilayer polyethylene ethylene vinyl alcohol polyethylene PE EVAL PE polyvinyl alco hol PVAL mult
11. sur le can cer Icterus jaundice Yellow coloration of the skin and mucous mem branes IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health This is the maximum concentration of a product present in an environment from which an individual can escape in a 30 minute period without having symp toms that prevent him from escaping and without suffering irreversible health effects This concentra tion has been defined in order to be able to choose an appropriate respiratory protective device This designation is published by NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health the French acronym is DIVS danger imm diat pour la vie ou la sant Immunosuppression Reduction in the immune response body s defence mechanism IBE Indices biologiques d exposition Numerical value used to evaluate the amount of a substance absorbed by the body The substance or one of its metabolites is measured in a tissue a biological liquid or in the expired air This designation is published by the ACGIH The English equivalent is BEI Biological exposure indices Insoluble A substance that cannot be dissolved in a solvent or a given liquid 71 Irritability Abnormal response to stimuli Irritation Reversible changes in the skin eyes or mucous membranes examples redness inflammation Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea front part of the eye Keratoconjunctivitis Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the
12. with reality Pulmonary emphysema Disease characterized by the dilation or destruction of the pulmonary alveoli Pulmonary fibrosis Chronic lung disease producing progressive respira tory insufficiency Pulmonary granulomatosis Pulmonary lesion characterized by the formation of small nodules granuloma Pyrophoric Substance that ignites spontaneously in air Rad Radiation Absorbed Dose Unit of an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation Radiomimetic Having an action identical to that of ionizing radia tion RADS Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome Also called asthma without latency period It is caused by exposure to high concentrations of irritating sub stances Respiratory zone Zone inside a hemisphere of 300 mm radius extend ing in front of the face and with its centre on an imaginary line joining the ears Rhinitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages ROHS Regulation respecting occupational health and safety Saturnism Poisoning by lead or its salts 76 Sensitization Reaction of the body resulting from exposure to a physical chemical or biological agent leading to an allergic response of the respiratory tract rhinitis asthma or of the skin eczema Exposure to the sensitizing agent may not have produced any prior consequence until the initial allergic response occurs Siderosis Infiltration of tissues by inhaled iron dusts or by iron compounds Pulmonary siderosis
13. 41 SENSITIZATION TO PRODUCT Sensitization is an immune reaction of the body It occurs following exposure to a chemical or bio logical substance and produces an allergic response of the respiratory tract rhinitis asthma or skin eczema Exposure to the sensitizing substance may have previously produced no symptoms until an initial allergic response occurs Examples After an initial contact with isocyanates TDI HDI MDI etc subsequent contact may produce sensiti zation of the respiratory tract asthma in some people Formaldehyde used as a preservative in various types of products such as cutting oils is a skin sensitizer CARCINOGENICITY This subsection specifies whether the substance can cause cancer or not WHMIS uses the IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer and ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists classifications to determine a substance s carcinogenic potential A substance classified A1 and A2 by the ACGIH or group 1 2A and 2B by IARC is recognized as carcinogenic by WHMIS Substances can be listed as proven proba ble or possible carcinogens depending on the evi dence observed Example The International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC considers styrene as a possible human car cinogen group 2B 42 to 5 years 43 REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Some substances can have toxic effects on repro duction meaning that they can cause a change in
14. AMA Y MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET USER S GUIDE www csst qc ca Prevention I m working at it MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET USER S GUIDE Writing Michel Gagn Anne Marie Filion Johanne Dumont Service du r pertoire toxicologique CSST Linguistic revision Direction des communications CSST Electronic publishing Danielle Gauthier and Chantal Grandmont CSST Illustrations Ronald Du Repos Production Direction des communications CSST Printing L Atelier d imprimerie de l EDQ Note The use of the masculine in this document also includes women Commission de la sant et de 1 s curit du travail du Qu bec Legal deposit Biblioth que nationale du Qu bec 2002 ISBN 2 550 39961 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET MSDS Information to disclose on the material safety data sheet Product information Preparation information Hazardous ingredients Chemical name and ingredient concentration CAS registry number Lethal dose 50 LD5p Lethal concentration 50 1 050 Physical data Molecular formula Molecular weight Physical state Appearance Colour and odour Odour threshold Density Freezing point Melting point Boiling point Vapour pressure Concentration at saturation Vapour density Evaporation rate Coefficient of water oil distribution pH Solubi
15. DITIONS OF FLAMMABILITY Conditions of flammability indicate whether a product could burst into flame and under what conditions Example Toluene is a flammable liquid and will therefore burst into flame if it is near a source of ignition Note When a substance is classified flammable the necessary precautions must be taken to avoid it reaching its auto ignition temperature or its flash point depending on the case 28 EXPLOSION CONDITIONS Explosion conditions indicate whether a product is likely or not to explode when it is used Example Toluene vapours form an explosive mixture with air EXPLOSION DATA SENSITIVITY TO MECHANICAL IMPACT These data indicate whether or not there is a risk of explosion on impact and if so specify under what conditions the explosion could occur Example Picric acid may explode on impact EXPLOSION DATA SENSITIVITY TO STATIC DISCHARGE These data indicate whether or not there is a risk of explosion with a static discharge and if so under what conditions explosion could occur Example When xylene is shaken or when it flows in pipes it can accumulate a static charge that may cause the vapours to ignite 29 MEANS EXTINCTION This subsection contains a list of the extinguishing agents to use to fight a fire when this product is present or when it is the cause of the fire Example Toluene Carbon dioxide dry chemical water spray alcohol foam SPECIAL PR
16. ECAUTIONS This subsection describes the special precautions to take to fight a fire when this product is present or when it is the cause of the fire Also indicated are the specific means for avoiding an explosion or the propagation of the fire Example Toluene Wear a self contained breathing apparatus The vapours are heavier than air and can travel great distance towards a source of ignition and thus cause flashback HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS This subsection lists the combustion products that are health and safety hazards and that may form when the substance burns Example Toluene Carbon dioxide carbon monoxide 30 REACTIVITY DATA CONDITIONS OF CHEMICAL INSTABILITY This information indicates whether a substance is stable and if need be indicates the conditions that produce chemical instability Example Sodium hypochlorite gives off toxic fumes of chlorine when it is heated Appropriate ventilation must be provided to ensure that the permissible limit values are not exceeded 31 OR CLASS SUBSTANCES WITH WHICH THE PRODUCT IS INCOMPATIBLE This subsection indicates whether a product must not be brought into contact with certain specified substances and if need be specifies the nature of the hazard if the product is brought into contact with these substances Example 12 bleach is incompatible with strong acids On contact it gives off toxic chlorine vapours CONDITIONS OF REACT
17. ERSION FACTORS SERVICES OFFERED EXAMPLE OF A MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Non essential information for WHMIS purposes 57 57 58 59 60 62 79 80 81 83 INTRODUCTION The role of the Service du r pertoire toxi cologique of the Commission de la sant et de la s curit du travail CSST is to inform Qu bec employers and workers of the health and safety hazards of chemical or biological substances used in the workplace The purpose of this quide 1 to facilitate the understanding and use of the information provided on material safety data sheet by defining for example a product s properties and showing how to use the MSDS for prevention A glossary of the main terms used in material safety data sheets the measurement units and the conversion factors most frequently used are also presented in the appendix WHMIS WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM WHMIS is a Canada wide system for protecting the health and safety of workers by facilitating access to information on the hazardous materials used in the workplace This system consists of three parts namely material safety data sheets labels and the worker training program For more information on WHMIS consult the Regulations section of this guide MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET MSDS material safety data sheet 1 a document that provides information on a controlled product namely its toxic effects the protective measures for
18. IVITY This indicates whether a substance is likely to react violently or dangerously under normal condi tions of use If need be the nature of the hazard is specified Example 12 bleach is unstable in the presence of light and metals or when the pH of the solution becomes less basic 32 HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS This subsection lists the products that are health and safety hazards that are likely to form when a substance decomposes Decomposition may be the result of a reaction occurring at room temperature exposure to light or the effect of heat on the sub stance etc Example Ammonia thermal decomposition begins between 450 C and 500 C giving off nitrogen and hydro gen POLYMERIZATION This subsection indicates whether the substance can change into a polymer the combining of sever al molecules and under what conditions this change occurs The heat given off and or the expansion in volume caused by the polymerization reaction could cause the container to burst and the remaining product unpolymerized to spill These accidents can be avoided by controlling the poly merization conditions Example Exposure to light or contact with strong acids or bases can cause acrolein to polymerize 33 TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ROUTES ENTRY SKIN AND EYE CONTACT This section indicates the routes by which the sub stance can enter the body and produce harmful effects These routes include the respira
19. TR AL 1 complexe Desjardins Tour sud 30 tage Case postale 3 Succursale Place Desjardins Montr al Qu bec H5B 1H1 Tel 514 906 3000 Fax Montr al 1 514 906 3133 Montr al 2 514 906 3232 Montr al 3 514 906 3330 Montr al 4 514 906 3434 LANAUDI RE 432 rue De Lanaudi re Case postale 550 Joliette Qu bec J6E 7N2 Tel 450 753 2600 1 800 461 4489 Fax 450 756 6832 LAURENTIDES 6 tage 85 rue De Martigny Ouest Saint J r me Qu bec J7Y 3R8 Tel 450 431 4000 1 800 465 2234 Fax 450 432 1765 LAVAL 1700 boulevard Laval Laval Qu bec H7S 2G6 Tel 450 967 3200 Fax 450 668 1174 85 LONGUEUIL 25 boulevard La Fayette Longueuil Qu bec J4K 5B7 Tel 450 442 6200 1 800 668 4612 Fax 450 442 6373 MAURICIE ET CENTRE DU QU BEC Bureau 200 1055 boulevard des Forges Trois Rivi res Qu bec G8Z 4J9 Tel 819 372 3400 1 800 668 6210 Fax 819 372 3286 OUTAOUAIS 15 rue Gamelin Case postale 1454 Gatineau Qu bec J8X 3Y3 Tel 819 778 8600 1 800 668 4483 Fax 819 778 8699 QU BEC 425 rue du Pont Case postale 4900 Succursale Terminus Qu bec Qu bec G1K 756 Tel 418 266 4000 1 800 668 6811 Fax 418 266 4015 SAGUENAY LAC SAINT JEAN Place du Fjord 901 boulevard Talbot Case postale 5400 Chicoutimi Qu bec G7H 6P8 Tel 418 696 5200 1 800 668 0087 Fax 418 545 3543 Complexe du Parc 6 t
20. age 1209 boulevard du Sacr C ur Case postale 47 Saint F licien Qu bec G8K 2 8 Tel 418 679 5463 1 800 668 6820 Fax 418 679 5931 86 SAINT JEAN SUR RICHELIEU 145 boulevard Saint Joseph Case postale 100 Saint Jean sur Richelieu Qu bec J3B 671 Tel 450 359 2100 1 800 668 2204 Fax 450 359 1307 VALLEYFIELD 9 rue Nicholson Salaberry de Valleyfield Qu bec J6T 4M4 Tel 450 377 6200 1 800 668 2550 Fax 450 377 8228 YAMASKA 2710 rue Bachand Saint Hyacinthe Qu bec J2S 8B6 Tel 450 771 3900 1 800 668 2465 Fax 450 773 8126 Bureau RC 4 77 rue Principale Granby Qu bec J2G 9B3 Tel 450 378 7971 Fax 450 776 7256 26 place Charles De Montmagny Sorel Tracy Qu bec J3P 7E3 Tel 450 743 2727 Fax 450 746 1036 Visit the CSST s Web site www csst qc ca NOTES NOTES The purpose of this quide is to facilitate the use and understanding of the information in a substance s material safety data sheet in accordance with the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System WHMIS The guide provides explanations on the content of the Hazardous ingredients Physical data Fire or explosion hazard Reactivity data Toxicological properties Preventive measures and First aid measures sections s Vice pr sidence la programmation et l expertise conseil Direction de pr vention inspection Service du r pertoire toxicologique DC 200 338 4
21. al and 14 very basic According to WHMIS a substance is a corrosive material if its pH is equal to or greater than 11 5 when precise data are lacking Biological exposure indices BEI Numerical value used to evaluate the amount of a substance absorbed by the body The substance or one of its metabolites is measured in a tissue a bio logical liquid or in the expired air This designation is published by the ACGIH The French equivalent 1 IBE Indices biologiques d exposition Biological monitoring Periodic monitoring of one or more biological media blood urine etc in order to determine the absorption of a contaminant following exposure Blindness Loss of sight Blood lead concentration Amount of lead in the blood Bond To To connect all conductive components in an electri cal installation together Bradycardia Slowing of the heart rate Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi Bronchoconstriction Contraction with narrowing of the bronchi Bronchospasm Spasmodic contraction of the muscles surrounding the bronchi Byssinosis Pulmonary disorder due to the chronic inhalation of cotton dust 64 1 Effect Indicates that the product may cause cancer CAS number Number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service a division of the American Chemical Society to iden tify a chemical substance It is recognized by the characteristic presence of two dashes always located at the s
22. ame place Example 12345 67 8 Central nervous system CNS System consisting of the brain and spinal column The effects of contaminants on the CNS can be the following headache nausea vomiting dizziness incoordination drowsiness anesthesia convulsions etc Cephalgia Headache Characteristics of an exposure Defines or characterizes the exposure to a substance by establishing relationships between the product s physical properties or between them and the data used in industrial hygiene Chlorhydrate Chemical substance with at least one amine group which combines with hydrogen chloride in a well defined proportion for example hydroxylamine chlorhydrate Cholinesterase Enzyme present in the blood causes the hydrolysis of choline esters CIRC Centre international de recherche sur le cancer CIRC evaluates and publishes information on the carcinogenicty of various products The English equivalent is IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer Cirrhosis Chronic progressive disease affecting the liver s structure and function 65 Collapse Rapid reduction in strength or the collapse of an organ which may result in shock Combustion products Contaminants originating from the complete com bustion of the product in air Their nature and quantity depend greatly on the temperature and amount of air oxygen For example fire could produce substances very different from those that are given off
23. body weight death etc as well as postnatal effects behavioural disorders etc DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA is a macromolecule giant molecule in the form of two complementary strands wrapped around each other in a double helix DNA is the main component of chromosomes and therefore the carrier of genetic material Diuretic Increases the urinary output DIVS Danger imm diat pour la vie ou la sant This is the maximum concentration of a product present in an environment from which an individual can escape in a 30 minute period without having symptoms that prevent him from escaping and without suffering irreversible health effects This concentration has been defined in order to be able to choose an appro priate respiratory protective device This designa tion is published by NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health the English acronym 1s IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Dysarthria Difficulty articulating words 67 Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing Dysphonia Change in voice Dyspnea Difficulty breathing Dysuria Difficulty urinating Edema Diffuse swelling caused by infiltration of liquid into the tissues Embryo Product of conception from the fertilized egg to the end of the third month of pregnancy The embryo stage precedes the fetal stage Embryotoxic Toxic effect on the embryo Encephalopathy Disease affecting the brain in general Epigastric T
24. dentification Number Numeric or alphanumeric designation used to identify a substance or a group of substances with the same name as dangerous goods in the regulation Class numeric data used to designate a substance according to the characteristics of the hazard In the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act products are divided into nine classes A substance can be assigned more than one class with the primary class describing the main hazard and the sub sidiary class or classes also indicated Packing group risk group designation in roman numerals used to indicate the packing group or the risk group to which a dangerous good belongs 60 Special provisions numeric designation used to define the specific measures related to handling the offering for transport or the transportation of dangerous goods Explosive limit and limited quantity index number indicating the maximum amount of the hazardous good that may be handled or transport ed or whose transport can be requested ERAP index number indicating the maximum amounts related to ERAP Emergency Response Assistance Plans beyond which the dangerous goods are subject to the provisions of Passenger carrying ship index number indicating the maximum quantity of dangerous goods per consignment that can be carried in a passenger car rying ship Passenger carrying road vehicle or passenger carrying railway vehicle index number indicating the ma
25. e deeply into the respiratory tract and deposit in the alveoli Slightly larger particles from 1 to 5 pm reach the trachea bronchi and bronchioles Larger particles from 5 to 30 reach the and pharynx region Even larger particles larger than 30 rarely penetrate the upper respiratory tract Depending on the substance they may dissolve and be absorbed by the body Therefore by knowing the size of the particles of a substance one can decide on the corrective measures to adopt to reduce or eliminate the hazard at source for example by planning for local ventilation If it is impossible to reduce or eliminate the hazard at source knowledge of the particle size will make it easier to choose the respiratory protection device 1 ym micron represents 10 6 metres 0 000001 metre 103 millimetres 0 001 mm For example 1 pm is approximately 1 000 times smaller than a grain of sand 22 a Ex 23 FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARD FLASH POINT AND METHOD OF DETERMINATION The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off sufficient vapours to form a flammable mixture with the air on contact with a flame or spark A product s flash point is deter mined by either of the two following methods in a closed cup meaning inside the container that con tains it or in an open cup meaning near the sur face of the liquid The lower a liquid s flash point the greater the risk of fire
26. eye Lacrimation Involuntary flow of tears Laryngitis Inflammation of the larynx Latency State of what exists unseen but that can manifest itself at any time Lethargy Deep and prolonged sleep or extreme indifference Leucopenia Reduction in the number of white blood cells Lymphocytosis Increase in the number of lymphocytes type of white blood cells Manganism Chronic poisoning caused by manganese and some of its derivatives Material Term used in the federal law relating to WHMIS Hazardous Products Act This generic term also includes pure substances as well as mixtures Metabolic acidosis Disturbance of the body s acid base balance It cor responds to an excess of acid in the blood The acid base balance is the constant balanced ratio of the acids and bases in the body 72 Methemoglobin Hemoglobin whose ferrous iron has been oxidized to ferric iron which makes it unable to carry oxygen Methemoglobinemia Presence of abnormal concentrations of methemo globin in the blood resulting in cyanosis Miction To urinate Miscible Substances that dissolve completely in each other and form only one phase Molecular formula Representation of the chemical elements that make pure substance as well as their relative propor tions Mucous membranes Membranes that line body cavities and that are cov ered with a viscous substance mucus Mutagenic Effect Indicates that the substance ca
27. fertility thus affecting woman s or a man s repro ductive capability For example some substances may affect hormonal activity spermatogenesis etc which may affect fertility Example Carbon disulfide may cause sperm disorders as well as menstrual disorders in humans TERATOGENICITY This section states whether the substance can cause malformations in newborns The Controlled Products Regulations require that all effects on development be mentioned and therefore embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects effects other than malformations must appear on the MSDS These may include for example a reduction in body weight growth retardation dysfunction death etc Effects on postnatal development after birth are also indicat ed Most of the time the information comes from animal studies 44 Example Toluene has an embryotoxic and or fetotoxic effect on animals 45 MUTAGENICITY This subsection indicates whether the substance may cause mutations changes in the genetic material DNA of cells Mutations in the DNA of reproductive or germ cells eggs or sperm may cause hereditary effects meaning that they are transmissible to offspring Effects on other cells nonreproductive or somatic cells do not cause hereditary effects but may lead to cell death the transmission of the mutation to cells of the same tissue Or cancer Example Benzene is a human mutagen 46 Exposureto _ radioactivity
28. he region located between the ribs and the ster num above the sides of the abdomen and the umbilical region below Epithelium Tissue that covers the external surfaces skin mucous membrane of natural orifices and inside surfaces of the body digestive tract glands Erythema Redness of the skin due to dilation of the capillar 1es Eschar escharification Necrosis of a skin tissue or mucous membrane form ing a blackish crust Euphoria Intense feeling of well being 68 Expectoration Expulsion by the mouth of secretions from the respiratory tract sputum Fasciculation Isolated involuntary and uncontrollable contraction of a group of muscle fibres never resulting in move ment Flatulence Accumulation of gas in the digestive tract Fluorosis Characteristic chronic poisoning caused by fluorine and its derivatives Fetotoxic Toxic effect on the fetus Fetus Product of conception from the end of the third month of pregnancy to the end of intrauterine life The fetal stage follows the embryonic stage Gastroenteritis Simultaneous inflammation of the mucous mem brane of the stomach and small intestine Gene Heredity carrying material located on the chromo somes inside the nucleus Granuloma Small benign nodular inflammatory tumour Ground To To connect all conductive components in an electri cal installation to the ground Hematemesis The vomiting of blood Hematoma Localized accum
29. ilayer Viton butyl rubber Viton or Viton Eyes Wear safety glasses if there is a risk of splashing 49 ENGINEERING CONTROLS TO BE USED This subsection contains the specific procedures to apply to handle the product safely Example Xylene This flammable liquid must be handled in compli ance with the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code 30 Use tools that will not produce sparks Wear the appropriate protective clothing and ventilate adequately Equipment must be grounded and bounded refer to 77 code HAZARD 50 PROCEDURES TO FOLLOWED IN CASE OF LEAK OR SPILL This subsection contains procedures to apply in the event of accidental leaks or spills of the product as well as the means of disposing of it Example Toluene In the event of accidental leaks or minor spills absorb with sand or any other non combustible absorbent material Place the mixture in a well identified airtight container so that it can be treated later in compliance with the regulations in force HAZARD WASTE DISPOSAL The steps to be taken for product waste disposal are explained in this subsection Example Xylene Ventilate the site of the spill well so that the remainder of the liquid evaporates and the vapours disperse Do not pour the waste into the sewer and do not dispose of contaminated absorbents in the garbage If necessary consult the regional office of the minist re de l Environnement Dis
30. inhalation of styrene vapour may cause nervous system disorders that first appear as headache nausea dizziness a loss of appetite and general weakness The following effects may subsequently be observed increased reaction time difficulty with colour perception etc Repeated skin contact with the product may cause redness desquamation and cracking of the skin 38 TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY 1st WEEK 2nd WEEK 39 WEEK 4th WEEK e FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL 39 EXPOSURE LIMITS Exposure limits are the concentrations permitted in the air for a given substance They represent the concentrations of the substance in the air to which the great majority of workers can be exposed daily without suffering harmful effects There are three types of values e Short term exposure values which are measured for a maximum duration of 15 minutes e Time weighted average exposure values which are measured for the duration of an 8 hour work shift e Ceiling values which must never be exceeded for any period of time whatsoever On the material safety data sheet the permissible limit values in Qu bec which are specified by the Regulation respecting occupational health and safety S 2 1 R 19 are sometimes presented For more details consult the Regulations ROHS section of this guide However the limit values recommended by the ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists an
31. lity in water at saturation Particle size Fire or explosion hazard Flash point and method of determination Lower and upper explosive or flammable limits Auto ignition temperature Conditions of flammability Explosion conditions Explosion data sensitivity to mechanical impact Explosion data sensitivity to static discharge Means of extinction Special precautions Hazardous combustion products Non essential information for WHMIS purposes JO Reactivity data Conditions of chemical instability Name or class of substances with which the product 1 incompatible Conditions of reactivity Hazardous decomposition products Polymerization Toxicological properties Routes of entry skin and eye contact Effects of acute exposure to product Effects of chronic exposure to product Exposure limits Irritancy and corrosiveness Sensitization to product Carcinogenicity Reproductive toxicity Teratogenicity Mutagenicity Names of toxicologically synergistic products Preventive measures Protective equipment to be used Engineering controls to be used Procedures to be followed in case of leak or spill Waste disposal Handling procedures and equipment Storage requirements Special shipping information First aid measures REGULATIONS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System WHMIS Disclosure list Regulation respecting occupational health and safety ROHS Transportation of Dangerous Goods TDG GLOSSARY MEASUREMENT UNITS CONV
32. lowing Product identifier name e Manufacturer s name street address city province postal code and emergency telephone number Supplier identifier name street address city province postal code and emergency telephone number if it is different from that of the manu facturer e Product use The product s name indicated on the MSDS must be identical to the name written on the label Example Material safety data sheet Product identifier name Tolu ne Toluene Manufacturer s identifier name Produits chimiques ABC inc 1234 rue ABC Montr al Qu bec 707 070 Emergency telephone no 1 800 123 4567 Supplier s identifier name Distributions XYZ 123 rue XYZ Qu bec Qu bec XOX 0X0 Emergency telephone no 1 800 987 6543 Product use Paint solvent Label PREPARATION INFORMATION This section of the MSDS includes the following e Name and telephone number of the group department or party responsible for the preparation of the material safety data sheet e Date of preparation of the material safety data sheet The material safety data sheet must be revised at least every three years or as soon as new pertinent information becomes available HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS This section of the MSDS includes the following CHEMICAL NAME AND CONCENTRATION OF INGREDIENTS 1 which are controlled products if they are present at a concentration equal to or greater than 0 1 in the mixture applies to
33. m Example Ammonia can be detected at 17 ppm 14 DENSITY Density is a physicochemical property related to the weight of a substance It represents the weight of a substance per unit volume and is expressed in grams millilitre g ml at 20 C Specific gravity is also a physicochemical property that is commonly used instead of density However it is a relative value that indicates how many times heavier than water the product is If the density of a product that is rather insoluble in water is less than 1 g ml the product will float However if it is greater than 1 g ml the product will sink This information is useful in predicting the behaviour of a product in the event of a leak or accident Example Toluene is not very soluble in water Its density is 0 8661 g ml therefore less than 1 so it floats on water FREEZING POINT This is the temperature at which a substance goes from the liquid state to the solid state at normal atmospheric pressure 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa The freezing point of a pure substance is the same as its melting point Example Water crystallizes at 0 C MELTING POINT This is the temperature at which a substance goes from the solid state to the liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa Example Ice melts at 0 C 15 BOILING POINT This is the temperature at which a substance goes from the liquid state to the gaseous state at normal atmospheric pre
34. mining for the same peri od the ratio of the volumes of the target product and reference product that evaporated Another method consists of determining for the same initial volume of liquid the ratio of the percentages of the target product and reference product that evaporat ed Unfortunately sometimes a value is given without the method used being indicated 19 COEFFICIENT WATER OIL DISTRIBUTION This 1 the ratio of the solubility of a product in oil to its solubility in water when they are brought into contact with the product value below 1 indicates a better solubility of the product in oils and greases The product is therefore likely to be absorbed by the skin However a value greater than 1 indicates a better solubility in water This product could therefore be absorbed by the mucous membranes This information can be useful in evaluating the first aid to be given and can facil itate the choice of protective equipment Example Toluene has a coefficient of water oil distribution of 0 0026 Therefore toluene is more soluble in oil than in water with a value of 0 0026 in water to 1 gin oil Note On some material safety data sheets the distribution coefficient is expressed as log Pow therefore as the logarithm of the n octanol water partition coefficient n Octanol is in fact the refer ence substance that is closest to oil The method for converting log Pow into the coefficient of water oil distribu
35. n at the ground e Methyl alcohol has a vapour density of 1 1 Therefore at its boiling point its vapours will mix easily with air since its vapour density is close to 1 Methyl alcohol Vapour Vapour density density 3 18 1 1 Note The behaviour of vapours is valid only for a rather short period of time and at a temperature close to the boiling point The vapours given off by a boiling substance disperse into the air over time The tendency of vapours to remain close to the ground decreases as the difference between the ambient temperature and the boiling point increases 18 EVAPORATION RATE The evaporation rate indicates the relationship between the time that a product takes to evaporate and the time that a reference product takes to evaporate It indicates at equal volume how many times longer a product takes to evaporate than another The rate varies with the type of product and the temperature Diethyl ether for example is the reference product on which the most data is available Example Toluene s evaporation rate is 4 5 in relation to that of diethyl ether Therefore toluene takes 4 5 times longer than diethyl ether to evaporate Diethyl ether 1 Toluene 4 5 Note There are other reference products such as n butyl acetate which are used to establish an evaporation rate There are also other ways of establishing the evaporation rate One of the meth ods used consists of deter
36. n cause changes in the genes carriers of hereditary information N Narcosis Induced sleep Necrosis Cell death tissue death Nephritis Kidney inflammation Nephropathy Any disease of the kidney Nephrotoxic substance toxic to the kidneys Neurasthenia Psychiatric disorder included in the group of neuroses and characterized by asthenia Neuropathy Any disorder of the nervous system 73 Neuropathy peripheral Disorder of the peripheral nerves Neurotoxic substance toxic to the nervous system Neuritis Inflammation of a nerve NTP Normal temperature and pressure Normal temperature and pressure namely 20 C and 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa Nystagmus Involuntary oscillating or rotating movement of the eyeballs Oliguria Reduction in the amount of urine secreted by the kidneys Palpitation Awareness of one s own heartbeat felt as a disturb ing and sometimes painful phenomenon Paresthesia Anomaly in the perception of sensations or a spon taneous non painful subjective sensation Patch test A patch test consists of applying a small quantity of allergen to the skin which is covered with a materi al occlusion The objective of this test 15 to repro duce eczema over a limited area It is useful in identifying the allergens responsible for eczema Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering certain organs Petechiae Subcutaneous hemo
37. oire toxicologique 1199 rue De Bleury 4 tage Montr al Qu bec H3B 3J1 Telephone 514 906 3080 Toll free 1 888 330 6374 Fax 514 906 3081 E mail reptox csst qc ca 81 84 CSST REGIONAL OFFICES ABITIBI T MISCAMINGUE 33 rue Gamble Ouest Rouyn Noranda Qu bec J9X 2R3 Tel 819 797 6191 1 800 668 2922 Fax 819 762 9325 2 tage 1185 rue Germain Val d Or Qu bec J9P 6B1 Tel 819 354 7100 1 800 668 4593 Fax 819 874 2522 BAS SAINT LAURENT 180 rue des Gouverneurs Case postale 2180 Rimouski Qu bec G5L 7P3 Tel 418 725 6100 1 800 668 2773 Fax 418 725 6237 CHAUDI RE APPALACHES 777 rue des Promenades Saint Romuald Qu bec G6W 7 7 Tel 418 839 2500 1 800 668 4613 Fax 418 839 2498 C TE NORD Bureau 236 700 boulevard Laure Sept les Qu bec G4R 1Y1 Tel 418 964 3900 1 800 668 5214 Fax 418 964 3959 235 boulevard La Salle Baie Comeau Qu bec 647 274 418 294 7300 1 800 668 0583 418 294 8691 ESTRIE Place Jacques Cartier Bureau 204 1650 rue King Ouest Sherbrooke Qu bec J1J 2C3 Tel 819 821 5000 1 800 668 3090 Fax 819 821 6116 GASP SIE LES DE LA MADELEINE 163 boulevard de Gasp Gasp Qu bec G4X 2V1 Tel 418 368 7800 1 800 668 6789 Fax 418 368 7855 200 boulevard Perron Ouest New Richmond Qu bec GOC 2B0 Tel 418 392 5091 1 800 668 4595 Fax 418 392 5406 LE DE MON
38. olecular Water H20 b formula _ Toluene C Hs MOLECULAR WEIGHT This is the weight in grams of a fixed quantity of molecules of a chemical product The molecular weight 15 defined only pure chemical substances Example Toluene 92 15 4 12 PHYSICAL STATE This 1 the form or state in which the product is present gas liquid or solid at ambient temperature 20 C and at normal atmospheric pressure 760 mm Hg 101 32 Example Solid lime Liquid water Gas oxygen APPEARANCE This subsection provides specific information on the product or presents additional information on the products physical state or appearance Examples If the product is solid it can be crystalline granular powdery etc If it is liquid it can be viscous gelatinous oily etc GRANULATED a LES e 13 COLOUR AND ODOUR These are some of the product s physical character istics A product can have a specific colour or be colourless It may have a characteristic and distinctive odour or be odourless The odour of some products may be detected starting at a cer tain concentration namely the odour threshold Examples Colour e gray copper sulfate e colourless water Odour e aromatic toluene e characteristic chloroform ODOUR THRESHOLD This is the minimum concentration of a substance likely to be detected in the air by human smell It is usually expressed in parts per million pp
39. oxic material causing other effects Biohazardous infectious material Corrosive material Dangerously reactive material This list specifies whether a substance is or is not on the disclosure list of regulated ingredients according to the Hazardous Products Act and the cut off concentration at or above which it must be disclosed namely 0 1 or 1 0 Example Ammonia must be disclosed if its concentration in a mixture is equal to or greater than 1 0 W W REGULATION RESPECTING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ROHS In Qu bec the permissible exposure values for air contaminants are those prescribed by the Regulation respecting occupational health and safety 52 1 R 19 extracts of which are presented below The time weighted average exposure value TWAEV is the time weighted average concentra tion for an 8 hour workday and a 40 hour workweek of a chemical substance in the form of gases dusts fumes vapours or mists present in the air in a worker s respiratory zone For any work period equal to or longer than 4 hours but less than 8 hours or a period in excess of 8 hours but less than or equal to 16 hours an adjusted average exposure value AAEV must be established in accordance with the Guide to the adjustment of permissible exposure values for unusu al work schedules published by the Institut de recherche Robert Sauv en sant et en s curit du travail www irsst qc ca as it reads at the time it
40. pose of it in compliance with the municipal provincial and federal regulations in effect HANDLING PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT Consult the Handling subsection to learn how to handle the product safely Example Acetylene Compressed gas cylinders must not be subjected to violent impact and a damaged cylinder must never be used Do not use cylinders of compressed gas for purposes other than those for which they are intended They must be attached upright or secured in a cart when they are used Handle them away from all sources of heat and ignition Use tools that will not produce sparks Equipment must be grounded 52 53 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS The Storage subsection contains the conditions for safe storage of the product Example Xylene Store it in a cool and well ventilated location away from sources of heat and ignition and incompatible substances The containers must be grounded SPECIAL SHIPPING INFORMATION The Shipping subsection contains the special information relating to the shipping of dangerous goods For more details consult the Regulations section TDG of this guide 54 HAZARD 55 FIRST AID MEASURES This section of the MSDS describes the first aid to be given in the event of poisoning or accidental contact with the product Example Styrene Inhalation In the event of inhalation of vapours take the per son to a ventilated location If the person is not breathing perform artificial re
41. rrhage characterized by small red spots Pharyngitis Inflammation of the pharynx throat Photophobia Unpleasant and painful feeling in the eyes caused by light 74 Photosensitive Substance that changes in the presence of light Photosensitization Abnormal reaction sensitization of the skin to light Pneumoconiosis Chronic lung disease due to the inhalation of cer tain types of dusts Pneumonia Acute lung infection characterized by inflammation Pneumonitis chemical Lung inflammation caused by exposure to a chemi cal Pneumopathy Any pulmonary disease Polyneuritis Inflammation of several nerves Polyuria Excretion of an abnormally large amount of urine during a given period ppm Measurement of concentration by volume Concentration is expressed in parts per million for example in cm of the substance per million cm of alr By analogy one part per million 1 ppm repre sents the volume occupied by an orange in a carload of goods or a dollar coin in one million dollar coins Procarcinogen Substance that must be changed by the body to become a carcinogen Product This term applies to a pure chemical as well as a mixture Promoter of carcinogenesis Substance capable of promoting the carcinogenic effect of another substance subsequent exposure Prostration Extreme exhaustion 75 Psychosis group of mental illnesses characterized by a change in personality and a loss of contact
42. spiration Call a physician Eye contact Rinse the eyes with plenty of water for 15 to 20 minutes If the irritation persists consult a physi clan Skin contact Rapidly remove contaminated clothing Wash skin with soap and water Ingestion In the event of ingestion rinse the mouth with water If there are unusual symptoms consult a physician 56 REGULATIONS WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM WHMIS In Qu bec the CSST 1 responsible for applying WHMIS according to the Regulation respecting information on controlled products Qu bec regula tion the Controlled Products Regulations federal regulation and the Hazardous Products Act WHMIS divides hazardous materials into six main classes These classes are based on the hazard crite ria listed in the Controlled Products Regulations controlled product is a substance that meets one or more classification criteria This classification can be based on the data inherent in the material or data on its ingredients CLASSES A Compressed gas B1 Flammable gases B2 Flammable liquids B3 Combustible liquids B4 Flammable solids B5 Flammable aerosols B6 Reactive flammable materials Oxidizing material 57 D3 DISCLOSURE LIST D1B D2A D2B Very toxic material causing immediate and serious effects Toxic material causing immediate and serious effects Very toxic material causing other effects T
43. ssure 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa Example Water boils at 100 VAPOUR Lar 0 C MELTING 100 C BOILING VAPOUR PRESSURE When a substance evaporates its vapours exert pressure in the ambient environment Vapour pres sure is expressed in millimetres of mercury mm Hg or in kilopascals kPa at 20 C and normal atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa A vapour pressure greater than 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa indicates that the substance is in the gaseous state The higher a substance s vapour pressure the more it tends to evaporate 16 Example The vapour pressure of water is 17 5 mm Hg 2 33 kPa and that of diethyl ether 439 8 mm Hg 58 63 kPa Therefore diethyl ether evaporates faster than water Diethyl ether 439 8 mm Hg Water 17 5 mm Hg CONCENTRATION AT SATURATION This is the maximum concentration that a sub stance can reach in the air at equilibrium 20 and normal atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa Example Toluene has a concentration at saturation of 28 800 ppm 17 VAPOUR DENSITY This information indicates how many times the vapours of a substance are heavier or lighter than air air 1 This measurement is taken at the boiling point If the vapour density is greater than 1 a sub stance s vapours will tend to remain near the ground Examples e Toluene has a vapour density of 3 18 Therefore at its boiling point its vapours will tend to remai
44. tion is described in the Conversion factors section of this guide 20 The expressed as a numerical value indicates whether a solution is acidic or basic Water 15 neutral and has a pH of 7 Acids have a pH below 7 and the lower the value the stronger the acid Bases have a pH greater than 7 and the higher the value the stronger the base Examples Vinegar acid pH 2 1 27 30 Ammonium hydroxide base pH 12 3 Corrosive Corrosive La Strong pH base Ji 11 5 123 TL Sodium Bleach hydroxide Vinegar Sodium Sulfuric acid bicarbonate Ammonium hydroxide Note For regulation purposes particularly WHMIS a substance is considered corrosive if its pH is equal to or less than 2 or equal to or greater than 11 5 However tests carried out on animals that prove that the substance is not corrosive predomi nate over the pH value SOLUBILITY IN WATER AT SATURATION This is the maximum amount of a product that can be dissolved in water It is expressed in grams per litre at a temperature of 20 C If the solubility is not precisely known the product is called for example insoluble slightly soluble or very sol uble A liquid that mixes perfectly with water to form a single phase is called miscible 21 PARTICLE SIZE The particle size indicates the size of the particles forming a powder a dust a mist an aerosol or fumes Particles smaller than 1um can penetrat
45. tory tract inhalation skin cutaneous absorption and the digestive tract ingestion Also included is any surface of the body on which the substance can produce a harmful effect by direct contact Examples Routes of entry Toluene The substance is absorbed through the respiratory tract skin and digestive tract Skin and eye contact Sulfuric acid Following direct contact with the skin and eyes this product may cause burns 34 Respiratory tract EFFECTS EXPOSURE PRODUCT These health hazards result from short term exposure to the controlled product Acute exposure is generally defined as single or repeated exposure over 24 hour period Often acute poisoning pro duces brief and reversible toxic effects However some effects may show up only several hours after intoxication Also some serious poisonings may pro duce sequellae Example Exposure to high concentrations of acetone vapours above 12 000 ppm may cause dryness of the mouth and throat salivation anorexia headache nausea vomiting dizziness incoordination asthe nia lethargy and ataxia In extreme cases it can lead to stupor or coma 36 37 EFFECTS CHRONIC EXPOSURE PRODUCT These health hazards result from prolonged exposure to the controlled product at concentra tions lower than those that produce acute effects The duration of the exposure can vary weeks months years Example The repeated
46. ulation of blood in a tissue Hematopoietic system System responsible for the formation of blood cells includes the bone marrow and the lymphatic organs 69 Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine Hemoglobinuria Presence of hemoglobin in the urine Hemolysis Destruction of red blood cells releasing hemoglobin Hemorrhage Loss of blood Hepatomegaly Enlargement of the liver Hepatotoxic Toxic to the liver Hydrate Chemical substance combined with water in a well defined proportion The adjective can be preceded by the prefixes mono di tri etc example calci um sulfate dihydrate Hydrolysis Chemical reaction fragmentation of a substance into several other smaller substances by the chemi cal addition of water Occurs in an aqueous envi ronment which can induce the formation of new substances Hygroscopic Substance that tends to absorb moisture from the alr Hyperemia See the definition of congestion Hyperpigmentation Excessive skin pigmentation Hyperplasia Increase in the number of normal cells Hyperreflexia Exaggeration of reflexes Hypertension High blood pressure 70 Hypotension Low blood pressure Hypothermia Lowering of body temperature below normal 37 C IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC evaluates and publishes information on the carcino genicity of various products The French equivalent is CIRC Centre international de recherche
47. water acids or alkalis examples sodium aluminum and zinc Alkalis Carbonates hydroxides silicates etc of alkali met als examples sodium hydroxide potassium hydrox ide etc Alkalis are basic and often corrosive sub stances Alopecia Total or partial loss of hair usually temporary 62 Anemia Reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood Anhydrous Environment that does not contain any water as opposed to humid or a substance that does not contain water as opposed to hydrated Anorexia Reduction or loss of appetite Anoxia Reduction in the amount of oxygen carried by the blood into the tissues Anuria Absence of urine in the bladder Apathy Absence of feeling with indifference to outside stimuli Apnea Transient cessation of breathing Argyria Poisoning by silver and its salts Arrhythmia Disturbance in the heart rate Asphyxia Difficult breathing or respiratory arrest Asthenia Reduction or loss of strength physical and psychic Asthma Respiratory illness caused by an inflammatory reac tion of the bronchi with symptoms such as difficult breathing cough and wheezing Ataxia Incoordination of movements Atrophy Reduction in the weight and volume of an organ tissue or cells 63 chemical substance that can release hydroxide ion Basicity is measured in pH units from 7 to 14 where 7 1 neutr
48. when the substance is handled at high temperatures thermal decomposition products Congestion Abnormal accumulation of blood in the vessels of a tissue organ or part of the body Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva mucous membrane covering the eye Convulsions Violent involuntary muscle contractions Corrosion Destruction of biological tissue skin cornea etc or materials When precise data are lacking accord ing to WHMIS a substance is a corrosive material if 1ts pH is equal to or less than 2 or equal to or greater than 11 5 Cutaneous Related to the skin Cyanosis Bluish coloration of the skin and mucous mem branes produced by a lack of oxygen Degeneration Abnormal change in an organ a tissue or faculty leading to a change in its functioning but not always permanent Deliquescent Substance that absorbs moisture from the air to the point of becoming liquid Dental erosion Surface erosion of the teeth 66 Dermatitis Inflammation of the skin Dermatosis Generic name for all skin disorders Desquamation Abnormal shedding of the surface layers of the skin in small flakes Development Effects on Indicates that the substance may have effects dur ing prenatal development before birth and or postnatal development after birth until puberty These effects include malformations teratogenic effect effects that may affect the embryo or the fetus retarded growth reduction in
49. with the body to cause a harmful effect depends on four main biolog ical factors namely absorption distribution metab olism or biotransformation and excretion Tumorigenic Tumour producing TWAEV Time weighted average exposure value Ulceration Formation of ulcers UN number Alphanumeric designation two letters UN followed by four digits used to identify a hazardous good or a group of hazardous goods with the same charac teristics It is also used to identify rapidly a sub stance when it is transported in North America Vasoconstriction Contraction with narrowing of the blood vessels Vasodilation Dilation of the blood vessels Ventricular fibrillation Rapid and irregular contractions of the muscle fibres of the heart ventricles characterized by an irregular pulse and that may lead to a stoppage in cardiac output 78 MEASUREMENT UNITS E cm kg g kPa l m m3 mg ml mm mm Hg mppcf mSv Pa ppb ppm SV ym degree Celsius centimetre kilogram gram kilopascal litre metre cubic metre milligram millilitre millimetre millimetre of mercury million particles per cubic foot of air millisievert Pascal parts per billion parts per million sievert microgram micrometre or micron 79 CONVERSION FACTORS To convert mg m into ppm at 25 and 760 mm Hg 101 32 kPa ym X 24 45 m mg m X _____ 3 molecular weight To convert ppm into mg
50. ximum quantity of dangerous goods that can be transported per consignment on a passenger carrying road vehicle or a passenger carrying railway vehicle Marine pollutant indicates whether the dangerous goods are marine pollutants 61 GLOSSARY A AAEV Adjusted average exposure value according to the Guide to the adjustment of permissible exposure values for unusual work schedules published by the Institut de recherche Robert Sauv en sant et en s curit du travail Absorption Passing of a substance from outside to inside the body Absorption pathways are routes by which a substance enters the body without injury The usual routes in the workplace are the respiratory tract by inhalation and skin cutaneous penetration The digestive tract ingestion is the least common ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Non governmental American organiza tion of industrial hygienists from governmental agencies The ACGIH develops and publishes recommended exposure standards for chemicals and physical agents as well as a list of biological exposure indices Acid chemical substance that can release a hydrogen ion H Acidity is measured in pH units from 0 to 7 where 7 is neutral and 0 very acid According to WHMIS a substance is a corrosive material if its pH 15 equal to or less than 2 when precise data are lacking Active or reactive metals Metals that react easily and rapidly with
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