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QUALHYMO USER MANUAL AND DOCUMENTATION

1. The result of each invocation of this command is a listing of data in a few lines shown as follows DATE TIME INFLOW OUTFLOW STAGE VOLUME LOSSES HRS CMS CMS H M3 CMS 1970 1 1 0 00 0 000 0 000 0 042 501 854 0 004 1970 1 1 1 00 0 000 0 000 0 041 487 089 0 004 1970 1 1 2 00 0 000 0 000 0 040 472 331 0 004 1970 1 1 3 00 0 000 0 000 0 038 457 581 0 004 1970 1 1 4 00 0 000 0 000 0 037 442 838 0 004 1970 1 1 5 00 0 000 0 000 0 036 428 102 0 004 Numerical Values PULL POND SPAN Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements IFY a valid year year retrieval span IFY IFM and IFD must represent a valid date that IFM 1 through 12 month precedes a valid date represented by ITY ITM and ITD Ex 1 el 31 day m a The date span defined on the START command must ITM a Ka id ee Sa n encompass the dates provided here ITD 1 T 31 H ISKIP is not needed If not present every record will ISKIP integer gt 1 We skip interval be retrieved If present every ISKIPth record will be retrieved UserManual0777vic 19 4 3 4 The CALC POND STATS Command Purpose This command allows users to develop statistics of the long time series generated in the POND command Use The CALC POND STATS command must follow a POND command and will develop data for only the most recent preceding POND command Several CALC POND STATS can be used in sequence The result is a set of four list
2. Number and name of the temperature file The number must always be 8 in this version of the model The name can be anything the user wants but cannot contain embedded blanks One or more blanks must separate the number and the name This file is discussed further in section 3 0 Number and name of the flow file The number must always be 10 in this version of the model The name can be anything the user wants but cannot contain embedded blanks One or more blanks must separate the number and the name This file is discussed further in section 3 0 Number and name of the evaporation file The number must always be 7 in this version of the model The name can be anything the user wants but cannot contain embedded blanks One or more blanks must separate the number and the name This file is discussed further in section 3 0 UserManual0777vic 60 A typical example of the control file as viewed in a popular text editor might be as follows TextPad C Data QUALHYMO0777 QCONTROLFILE TXT File Edit Search View Tools Macros Configure Window 0 ck 8k j ReCO QCONTROLFILE TXT C data MyProjectDirectoryN CALGARY AIRPORT Stage 1 POND ONLY INP CALGARY AIRPORT Stage 1 POND ONLY 5 OUT 9 CALRAIN PRE 8 CALTEMP TMP 7 EG_CAL TET Q The Log File is not controlled by the user except possibly its name and location as noted in section 1 0 Its characteristics are e The file is an ASCII text file e The
3. real gt 0 real 0 1 or lt 0 positive real positive real positive real GENERATE continued from previous page Units none none none Effect specifies unit hydrograph type hydrograph shape parameter hydrograph shape parameter minimum S maximum S S change parameter initial API value pervious initial abstraction pervious area evaporation correction coef starting reservoir volume reservoir constant baseflow coef Requirements Omit this block if FRIMP 1 If AA 1 a Nash hydrograph will be used If AA 2 a Williams hydrograph will be used If AA 1 XK is Nash n If AA 2 and XK gt 0 XK is Williams K If AA 2 and SK lt 0 XK is height H If AA 1 TP is the Nash parameter If AA 1 TP is the Williams parameter Typically APIK is near 0 9 per day OMIT CETPER if ICASE 0 on START command If CETPER lt 0 CPAN from START command will be used Omit this whole group if NSVOL 0 Provide one group for each of lI 1 NSVOL BFACR real gt 1 0 mm baseflow Omit this whole group if NSVOL gt 0 coefficient SVOL positive real mm starting reservoir volume SWILT positive real mm minimum SVOL for baseflow SFIELD positive real mm soil field capacity SLOSKA positive real Is recession const SLOSKB positive real none reduction factor CET real 0 1 or lt 0 none ET coefficient OMIT CET if ICASE 0 on START command If CET lt 0 CPAN from START command will be used ISNO
4. GENERATE SERIES FILE WAS CREATED ON Sat Jul 14 09 25 35 2007 INPUT FILE CREATING SERIES WAS REGEN INP MODEL VERSION WAS QUALHYMO0O 777V1AB40 COMPILER VERSION WAS ABSOFT 10 00 07 xxx SERIES HEADER INFORMATION ENDS The content is self explanatory It is noted that the mechanism chosen for embedding this information will support substantial long term additions with only a limited risk of losing downward compatibility Numerical Values IDENTIFY SERIES Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements ID A valid series ID none extracts series file a current and compatible QUALHYMO series file metadata NOTE Any properly identified file that exists in the project workspace will be extracted This need not be from a current run it can be a legacy series left on the disc UserManual0777v1c 22 4 3 7 The PRINT MODEL DETAILS Command Purpose This command allows users to have the model issue a set of details that document the major facts of the current model run Use Project documentation is a key element of professional practice since the user is responsible for maintaining accurate and effective records as to the intent and outcome of their modelling work Users will typically have practices in place that address this As a supplement to those practices it was recognized that an easy way to embed basic run information in a QUALHYMO output file would be useful This command does t
5. and finally ending as follows u ninj n RUN ENDED NORMALLY 28 Jun 07 02 30 42 UserManual0777v1c 61 It is not expected that most users will access the log file since it is mainly useful in tracking input or system errors that may cause a model crash The user specified output file will normally contain the required details of model behaviour and outputs It is anticipated that the file will therefore be created in its default location and not routinely used This is the reason that the optional addition of a non default run log name and location is a command line parameter that is optional However users can decide for themselves if this file has material value and can manage it accordingly Note Although the internal model file handling structure is quite different from earlier versions of the model users can still use the tools much as they have e lf they wish users can locate all the files noted above in a single project directory and little will have changed from earlier practices e For production work however or to customize the model installation users can locate files and re use them especially rainfall or other externally measured series as they wish Also it is no longer necessary to port the executable to wherever the project files happen to be located Flexibility has been increased without making complexity a requirement A 3 A Word on Relative vs Absolute Addressing Paths fo
6. 0 Apr 0 0 May 65 0 Jun 133 0 Jul 161 0 Aug 161 0 Sep 133 0 Oct 0 0 Nov 0 0 Dec 0 0 Numerical Values CISTERN Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 54 5 0 Time Series Data 5 1 An Overview of the Time Series Data Sets QUALHYMO is continuous simulation oriented and therefore relies heavily on time series files managed on the user s hard drive Each time series data set is contained in a unique file There are two categories of time series data files e Internal buffer files e User input files 5 2 Internal Buffer File Structure These are binary files that are designed to achieve high data transfer rates and small file sizes They are structured in more than one way Model Unit Files These files represent the input and output series from ADD SPLIT POND or REACH commands and the output series from GENERATE commands They are the main storage mechanism for QUALHYMO time series data They consist of two segments as shown below Model Unit Files Text block treated as binary Rec 1 ID Serial of header recs File Header Rec 2 Command that created the file Rec 3 Date time file was created Rec 4 Name of input creating this file Rec 5 Model version Rec 6 Compiler version File Body Expandable for future use Arbitrary length binary file Each record has Date Flow Pollutant 1 Sediment fractions 1 5 UserManual0777v1c
7. 2007 7 22 PM 10 14 2007 7 22 PM 10 4 2007 1 20 AM 10 14 2007 11 49 AM 10 14 2007 7 22 PM 10 4 2007 1 20 AM 10 4 2007 1 21 AM You will not need to deal with the QBINx BUF files unless you are an advanced user The format of those files however is discussed in Chapter 4 of this manual if you are interested in their make up and function The file TestOutput out is an output file generated by the model and is where you ll find the results of aQUALHYMO run The other files are e TestPrecip pre a rainfall record series TestEvap evp an evaporation record series Testlemp tmp a temperature record series and e Testinput inp an input deck that controls the model run The formats of the first three files is described elsewhere in this manual They should be replaced with files appropriate for the model run you have decided to do The fourth file is the file that controls what simulations are to be done and is the way you control the model UserManual0777vic G If you have renamed any of these four files then you need to adjust a control file That file is the QCONTROL TXT file that is located in the directory where you unzipped the model If you examine QCONTROLFILE TXT created in the default install you ll see the following TextPad C Data TestLocation File Edit Search View Tools T Dekar 4 QCONTROLFILE TXT TestData TestInput inp TestOutput out 9 TestPrecip pre 8 TestT
8. 55 The header contains metadata that identifies file contents The files are also named ina way that relates to the ID number associated with the file to facilitate retrieval during a run The body of the file contains the actual time series data one record per time step Warning Valid ID numbers are integers from 1 to 200 inclusive Values outside this range may give unpredictable results It is important to note that the model unit files remain on disc until over written so a user can for example do a GENERATE run once and then repeatedly pass the resulting time series through a variety of POND or REACH configurations The POND Diagnostic Buffer File This file is generated by the POND command if ISER lt 0 see section 3 3 2 and remains in place until over written It is accessed by the PULL POND SPAN and CALC POND STATS commands to generate their results It is similar to the model unit files in that it is a compact binary file but contains no header as shown below The POND Diagnostic Buffer File Arbitrary length binary file each record containing Date File Body Time Inflow Total outflow Overflow Operated outflow Passive outflow Bypass Evaporation Volume for each time step Since BMPs are a major QUALHYMO interest area it is anticipated that this file will be accessed in a wider variety of ways in the future but for now the PULL POND SPAN and CALC POND STATS make use of this fil
9. aer current storage mm ____ DEEP STORAGE LAYER een GROUNDWATER Gb vokenme current storage mm GwYolume JI DeepLoss GwFlow UserManual0777vic 36 Outputs from the command provide several sets of information Two binary outflow time series one is surface runoff outflow m s while the other is subsurface groundwater outflow m s which conceptually could represent groundwater discharge to catchment outlet e g to outlet watercourse There is text output file that provides a water balance summary for each layer Users can generate an optional detailed trace output If SurfacelD is supplied as a negative value then PERVSURF will generate a detailed trace output file ASCII text format o PERVSTEPnnn txt contains all water budget components in mm surface outflow m s and subsurface outflow m s for each time step one record per time step easy to import into spreadsheet where nnn SurfacelD Some of the key computational factors in this command are It verifies mass balance on each time step Surface runoff is generated when LiquidInput exceeds current infiltration capacity which varies with soil moisture status see below Surface runoff flow rate is computed based on the surface being represented as a sloped plane with the characteristic slope length and surface roughness supplied as input by the modeler The model continuously tracks the depth of water on the surface plane and ov
10. file 2 of this manual Provide dummy value even if rain is not used ITFORM 0 1 or2 none Specifies format if IPFORM 0 temperature will not be expected of temperature file if IPFORM 1 AES condensed hourly format will be expected if IPFORM 2 HEC STORM hourly format will be expected Continued next page UserManual0777vic 12 START continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements ICASE 0 1 or 2 none Specifies If ICASE 0 evaporation will not be applied to catchment catchment calculations evaporation If ICASE 1 evaporation will be applied to catchment options calculations NOTE O IfICASE lt gt 0 CET CETIMP and CETPER in GENERATE COMMAND MUST BE SET O IfICASE 0 CET CETIMP and CETPER in GENERATE COMMAND MUST BE ELIMINATED CPAN between 0 and none Pan evaporation If ICASE 0 this block must be omitted 1 correction If ICASE 1 peal eg O CPAN and 12 EVAP values are required EVAP actual mm month If ICASE 2 12 values O CPAN is required but the 12 PEVAP values in this block must be omitted O the evaporation file specified in the control file will be read for GENERATE calculations EVAPCASE 0 10r2 none Specifies pond If EVAPCASE 0 evaporation will not be applied to evaporation calculations in POND command options If EVAPCASE gt 0 evaporation will be applied to calculations in POND command PPAN between 0 and none Pan evaporation If EVAPCASE 0 this bloc
11. in an LID or sand filter system Use The FILTERED REMOVAL command must refer to an existing time series file and must include identification for the output series as well as the parameters required for calculation The method used is based on Urbonas Ben R Stormwater Sand Filter Sizing and Design A Unit Operations Approach found at http www udfcd org downloads pdf tech_papers Sand flt paper pdf Numerical Values FILTERED REMOVAL Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 30 4 3 13 The EXCEEDANCE Command Purpose This command allows users to develop exceedance curves for any time series generated by the model Use The command can be applied either with specific curves provided by the user or with the model calculating curves based on evenly spaced points over the range of the input series Parameter EXCEEDANCE Command Information Value s Units Effect Requirements ID a valid input id n a identifies series to develop curves for NINQ integer lt 20 n a controls points on if NINQ 0 this curve will not be calculated inpUiilow Guive if NINQ lt 0 the model will determine the curve if NINQ gt 0 the user inputs the curve Q i iF1 NINQ real m3 s provides span If NINQ lt 0 this entire block should be omitted information NIND integer lt 20 n a controls points on if NIND 0 this curve will not be ca
12. local application This tool not only edits the QUALHYMO control files it operates directly on the model time series much as the Interface 2 option described above does A third known interface is JAVA based and therefore platform independent and may be made available publicly in the near future Either way the salient point is that there are numerous possibilities for interface development and the intent that the QUALHYMO concept and documentation enable this kind of extension has been demonstrated UserManual0777vic 8 4 0 Model Commands 4 1 An Overview of the Input File QUALHYMO is command oriented Commands and data are provided in the input file which is specified in the control file as discussed in section 3 0 and Appendix A The model reads each command and its associated data and carries them out in the sequence in which they appear in the input file 4 2 Input File Syntax Users of earlier versions of QUALHYMO will probably be familiar with an input syntax in which the first 20 columns of every non comment line is reserved for commands This has changed Following the old syntax rules will still work but a new syntax has been implemented The new syntax has more flexibility and enables further future refinements It is noted for those familiar with old versions of code that the HONDO routine has been dropped in favor of an entirely new system The input file can contain any printing chara
13. of capabilities As shown below it can represent e a bypass around the whole facility which sends a stream of inflow around the pond untreated and unrouted to rejoin the effluent from the pond at its outlet e evaporation from the pond which is a loss from the system e three outlet options including o an overflow that only functions when the pond volume exceeds a specified minimum value o apassive gate that always functions to provide an outlet as water in the pond raises and lowers and o an operated gate that is closed at the beginning of an inflow into the pond that o sa specified base flow amount and that opens after inflow ceases and a specified detention time TDET passes Experience has shown that the definition and impact of detention time as incorporated in the model is worth highlighting to avoid user misunderstanding of how this term is used As indicated in the figure below the specification of a detention time not only delays the outflow but changes the form of the outflow since the pond will tend to be fuller when release is delayed and the flows that are generated immediately shift from zero to the value that results from the full depth of water behind the opened gate Use of outflow structures in combination can reduce this effect since a limited outflow from a small UserManual0777vic 14 passive structure will reduce the peak volume in the facility and therefore the rate of outflow that is developed when
14. results of an external model Numerical Values GENERATE Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements ID A valid series ID none simulates runoff None other than the ID number needs to be a valid from a watershed QUALHYMO time series identifier Any series already present and using the same ID number will be overwritten by this command ISER integer none numerical series Should be unique to the catchment being run name DT Integer fraction hours specifies The time step for computation of It should be should of 1 hour or computation time be short enough to represent the rainfall runoff multiples of 1 step for processes effectively hour GENERATE Typically one hour is a useful time step for watershed level simulation AREA actual Hectares specifies watershed area AB Oor1 none controls printing of If AB 1 the unit hydrographs are printed unit hydrographs If AB 0 the unit hydrotraphs are not printed FRIMP 0 gt 1 inclusive none fraction of directly if FRIMP 0 omit next block connected impervious area Continued next page UserManual0777vic 24 Parameter AA XK TP SMIN SMAX SK APIK API ABSPER CETPER SVOL 1 l 1 NSVOL SK1 1 l 1 NSVOL k2 1 l 1 NSVOL Value s 1or2 real gt 0 if AA 1 real lt gt if AA 2 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 lt 1 real gt 0
15. the storage include surface evaporation The command produces three binary outflow time series e OutflowlID1 FlowFraction1 surface runoff flow and pollutant load e OutflowlD2 FlowFraction2 surface runoff flow and pollutant loads e OutflowlD3 FlowFraction3 surface runoff flow and pollutant loads There is a water balance summary in the text output file There is also an optional detailed trace output If OutflowlD1 is supplied as a negative value then IMPERVSURF will generate a detailed trace output file ASCII text format This file is named IMPERVSTORSTEPnnn txt where nnn OutflowlD1 It contains all water budget components in mm and the total surface and subsurface outflow rates m s for each time step one record per time step easy to import into spreadsheet UserManual0777vic 46 Numerical Values IMPERVIOUS W STORAGE Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements OutflowID1 integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series 1 This flow series will be comprised of FlowFraction1 of the total surface runoff from the impervious surface OutflowID2 integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series 2 which will be FlowFraction2 of the total surface runoff from the impervious surface OutflowID3 integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series 3 which will be Flowfraction3 of the total surface runoff from the impervious surface FlowFraction1 real gt 0 none Fraction of to
16. 1c 40 IMPERVIOUS SURFACE continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 41 4 3 18 The PERVIOUS W STORAGE Command Purpose This command simulates hydrologic response of pervious surface that includes a surface storage volume It is intended to allow modeling of a soakaway areas or bioretention areas that consist of vegetated area with a ponding capacity allowing both retention and infiltration into the soil profile Use This command was developed specifically for the Toronto Region Conservation Authority although it can be used elsewhere if appropriate It can be used in place of the GENERATE command It is one of four such commands PERVSURF IMPERVSURF PERVSURFSTORAGE IMPERVSURFSTORAGE which were implemented to facilitate simulation of LID alternatives As well as this section Appendix B provides some general guidance on the use of these four commands The conceptual arrangement of this hydrologic element is shown below PER SURFSTORAGE Hydrologic Concept Sketch and Terms Definition Fain Snowmes e Liquidlapat Rain Snowmelt Lateral Inflow Ca TT SarfaceErap SarfaceRenoff l oi l SURFACE STORAGE YOLUME J __ Infiltration Described by table of storage depth area outflow values MaxSoil water FieldCap SOIL WATER STORAGE LAYER SoilET m Saate current storage mm DEEP STORAGE LAYER eel GROUNDWATER G bokwne
17. 661 THIS RUN WILL USE CONTROL AND LOG FILES QCONTROLFILE T amp T AND QRUNLOG T amp AT POND 266 CALLED 6 C Data TestLocation InstallSet gt Either way if you look in the directory in which the model was installed you ll see the following files Name Size Type Date Modified License File Folder 10 14 2007 7 07 PM Manual File Folder 10 14 2007 7 07 PM O TestData File Folder 10 14 2007 7 22 PM la COMMAND TBL 1K68 TBLFile 10 14 2007 7 22 PM E PONDRESULTS BIN 14 967 KB BIN File 10 14 2007 7 22 PM f QCONTROLFILE TXT 1KB Text Document 10 14 2007 12 49 PM B QRUNLOG TAT 2KB Text Document 10 14 2007 7 22 PM QUALHYMO0777 exe 1 032 KB Application 10 14 2007 11 27 AM The new files that have appeared indicate that the model has been correctly installed and correctly run If you look further in the file QRUNLOG TXT you ll see a series of diagnostics that will end with the following lines POND COMMAND RETURN FROM COMMAND INTERPRETER NER NCODE 0 22 TIME STAMP Sun Oct 14 19 22 35 2007 POND STATS COMMAND RETURN FROM COMMAND INTERPRETER NER NCODE 0 23 TIME STAMP Sun Oct 14 19 22 35 2007 IDENTIFY SERIES COMMAND RETURN FROM COMMAND INTERPRETER NER NCODE 0 23 TIME STAMP Sun Oct 14 19 22 35 2007 IDENTIFY SERIES COMMAND RETURN FROM COMMAND INTERPRETER NER NCODE TIME STAMP Sun Oct 14 19 22 35 2007 RUN ENDED NORMALLY Sun Oct 14 19 22 35 2007 iow ou oO 21 The absence of messages indicat
18. ATE CMS 1962 0 00000E 00 1963 0 00000E 00 1964 0 00000E 00 ANNUAL TOTALS DATE FLOW VOLUME U H 1962 0 74269E 05 1963 0 15110E 06 1964 0 10825E 06 Numerical Values MAXMIN Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements IFY A valid year years starting year IFY must predate ITY ITY Avalid year years ending year This block should not be input if MONTHORYEAR lt 0 UserManual0777vic 21 4 3 6 The IDENTIFY SERIES Command Purpose This command allows users to access and read the metadata associated with a QUALHYMO series file Use Experience has shown that associating metadata with a series file can avoid confusion as to what the file was how it was generated and other key data that might be useful at some time after the work has been done Making those data accessible can involve a huge range of technologies and options In this case it was decided to embed the metadata directly in the file as discussed in section 4 below Model Unit Files Since the files are unformatted binary files they cannot be readily read although interested users can see certain formatted information on the files To make the metadata directly accessible this command has been developed Invoking it produces output as shown in the figure below xxx SERIES HEADER INFORMATION BEGINS SERIES INTERNAL NAME IS 101 SERIES TIME STEP HOURS IS 1 00000 SERIES CREATION COMMAND WAS
19. Engine Data Series UserManual0777vic 7 In the above example the control files could be manipulated directly with any text editor but two other possibilities also exist In Interface 1 control files are edited using some preferred user interface In Interface 2 the control files are manipulated but the raw data seres themselves are also accessed Present efforts in the development of QUALHYMO have been focused on the engine and on making it easily possible to add new computational capabilities In the future there may be expanded efforts on interface Development In the mean time several alternative interfaces are known to have been developed One illustrated with some screen captures below is the Water Balance Model This is a fully developed interface made available through a web site that can be found at http www waterbalance ca waterbalance home wbnIndex asp The WBM provides a mature and capable interface that exposes many of the QUALHYMO engine capabilities It functions much as Interface 1 in the figure above does it writes data to and extracts data from the QUALHYMO text files and relies on QUALHYMO to extract information from the model time series files Another interface that is not publicly available but that further illustrates the potential for interface development is illustrated below This version is focused on a specific set of engine capabilities and was developed using Mlcrosoft Visual Basic as a stand alone
20. QUALHYMO USER MANUAL AND DOCUMENTATION Version QUALHYMO0777vic Januar y 2009 UserManual0777vic QUALHYMO0777v1c User Documentation Foreword This is a concise manual that documents critical elements of a development version of the QUALHYMO model It identifies a number of features that differ from earlier versions of the model as well as some of the basic details of model input and operation Users making reference to this document should verify that it corresponds with the model version they are using after February 2009 users should refer to http qualhymo watertoolset com for an updated manual and corresponding model if available License Below is a version of the license that is current as of the date this release of the manual was developed Users are cautioned that there may be updated or different versions of the manual on the web site from which these are downloaded UserManual0777vic 1 0 Background 1 1 An Overview of QUALHYMO Evolution QUALHYMO was developed some 25 years ago as a research tool It was intended to enable the rapid testing of various water quality algorithms related to BMP performance assessment For that purpose it was decided to create a modular tool in which different sub systems could be rapidly and easily coded implemented and tested on a common basis The original QUALHYMO tool was developed with that in mind The selected structure for this has proven to be robust and reliable and lends it
21. S 1 the pond is completely mixed oe If NELS 99 the pond is approximately plug flow NELS between 1 and 99 are intermediate cases RTINC Less than 1 hour hours specifies The time step for hydraulic routing not quality routing computation time is set by RTINC It should be less than one hour and step for POND should be short enough to represent the pond hydraulics effectively QBAS actual m3 sec specifies base Flows less than QBAS will not be interpreted as an flow or bypass inflow so operated gate will not be shut flow if IFQBY lt gt 0 approach flows lt QBAS will bypass the pond rather than run into is PPAN actual Oor lt 0 none pond pan if PPAN lt 0 the value of PPAN specified in the START evaporation command will be used correction factor If PPAN gt 0 the value provided here will be used IFQBY 1 or 0 none flag specifying If IFQBY 1 approach flows lt QBAS will be diverted base flow around the pond rather than allowed to run into it behaviour if IFQBY 1 then any approach flow curve provided to the POND command i e set if NPTQQ gt 0 will be ignored NPTQQ O or 2 through none specifies if bypass if NPTQQ 0 the pond will not have a bypass curve 25 curve will be used if NPTQQ gt 2 the pond will have a bypass curve NPTSQ1 0 or 2 through 25 specifies if passive outlet will be used If NPTSQ1 0 the pond will not have a passive outlet If NPTSQ1 gt 2 the pond will have
22. US SURFACE elements to get the total subsurface outflow from the site Note that QUALHYMO generates a standard text output file that provides a water balance summary for each individual PERVIOUS or IMPERVIOUS element These summaries include total volumes for liquid water input surface evaporation infiltration ET from the soil layer and percolation to the conceptual groundwater layer along with mass balance checks i e continuity error checks The modeler can then take the volumes from these summaries to compute the overall water balance for the site UserManual0777vic 68
23. W 1or2 none sets snowmelt Omit this whole group if temperature files are not method provided 262 be deg C eee if SNOW 1 The model will use annual coefficients SNOFAG Me oe aL If ISNOW 2 the model will use variable coefficient PACDEP real mm starting pack depth Applies to melt calculations ALPHAA real none calibration coefficient XKL real none thermal Applies to geothermal heat flux conductivity ratio BCOEF real none proportionality constant XNCOEF real none insulation factor Continued next page UserManual0777vic 25 GENERATE continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements KFLAG 0 10R2 none sets removal IN THIS VERSION SET KFLAG 0 option XN 0 1 none fraction of snow Omit XN DEPTH AND AREAD if KFLAG 0 removed DEPTH real gt 0 mm depth before removal begins AREAD real gt 0 ha area of donor watershed Omit this section if ISNOW 1 PSTATE real deg C temp for precip to be snow COEFD real gt 0 none calibration coefficient COEFE real gt 0 none calibration coefficient CFACTR real gt 0 none rain gauge correction factor CFACTS real gt 0 none snow gauge correction factor bs ats IZFLAG 1 20R3 none Sels meil If IZFLAG 1 user provides melt coefficients coefficient option if IZFLAG 2 Anderson Gray melt coefficients are used If IZFLAG 3 Dorset Ontario melt coefficients are used CMELT l 1 1 12 real none melt coefficient Omit thi
24. a passive outlet Continued next page UserManual0777vic 16 Parameter Value s POND continued from previous page Units Effect Requirements NPTSQ2 2 through 25 none specifies number If ISIGA 2 this block must be entirely omitted but it is of points on otherwise required operated outlet If NPTSQ2 0 then this block must contain only NPTSQ2 Q1 1 i SQ1 2 i Pond stage m and sets values for All tb iti in pairs wherei and pond m3 sec operated outflow esate ese ranges from 1 to outflow pairs curve NPTSQ2 STHD Pipe invert m sets values for If ISIGA 1 this block must be omitted but it is BHE Height of pond m calculated otherwise required DIAM Pipe diameter m operated outflow Consistent units are required GRAV Gravity m sec2 curve VISC Water viscosity XLENG Pipe length m ROUGH Roughness CD Discharge none coefficient NPTSQV 2 through 25 none specifies number If ISIGB 2 this block must be entirely omitted but it is of points on otherwise required overflow If NPTSQV 0 then this block should contain only NPTSQV SQV 1 i SQV 2 i Pond stage m and sets values for All 9 tb iti in pairs wherei and pond m3 sec overflow curve ONUS DEROSE ranges from 1 to outflow pairs NPTSQV STHD Pipe invert m sets values for If ISIGB 1 this block must be omitted but it is BHE Height of pond m calculated otherwise required XLENG We
25. available In all of these commands the total liquid input to the surface will be comprised of rain plus snowmelt plus any lateral inflow as specified by the modeler The lateral inflow could for example be the surface runoff outflow from an IMPERVIOUS UserManual0777v1c 65 SURFACE 4 In the PERVIOUS commands actual evapotranspiration is computed based on potential ET rates supplied as input to the model When soil moisture is at or above field capacity actual ET will be equal to potential ET Once soil moisture drops below field capacity actual ET will be lower than the potential rate the actual ET rate approaches zero as soil moisture approaches wilting point 5 In the case of the PERVIOUS SURFACE command when the total liquid input to the surface exceeds surface infiltration capacity then surface runoff is generated The rate of runoff flowrate is based on surface roughness Manning n value slope and characteristic length supplied by the user 6 In the case of PERVIOUS W STORAGE the user does not supply surface slope length and roughness Instead a surface storage element is defined using a table of depth area outflow values that the user must compute and supply to the model When total liquid input exceeds surface infiltration capacity water will be stored within the surface storage element The model continuously tracks the water depth inundated area and volume within the surface storage element and surface evapora
26. calibration coefficient CFACTR real gt 0 none rain gauge correction factor CFACTS real gt 0 none snow gauge IZFLAG 120R3 none Ei fasist If IZFLAG 1 user provides melt coefficients coefficient option if IZFLAG 2 Anderson Gray melt coefficients are used If IZFLAG 3 Dorset Ontario melt coefficients are used CMELT 1 1 1 12 real none melt coefficient Onnit this section if IZFLAG lt gt 1 UserManual0777v1c 35 4 3 16 The PERVIOUS SURFACE Command Purpose This command simulates hydrologic response of pervious areas typically vegetated or open surfaces with little development including pollutant loads associated with surface runoff Use This command was developed specifically for the Toronto Region Conservation Authority although it can be used elsewhere if appropriate It can be used in place of the GENERATE command It is one of four such commands PERVSURF IMPERVSURF PERVSURFSTORAGE IMPERVSURFSTORAGE which were implemented to facilitate simulation of LID alternatives As well as this section Appendix B provides some general guidance on the use of these four commands The conceptual arrangement of this hydrologic element is shown below PERYSURF Command Hydrologic Concept Sketch and Terms Definition ib Liquidinput Ca TT SurfaceEvap DepressionStorage MaxDepressionStorage SurfaceRunott SURFACE LAYER DepressionStorage available storage mm SOIL WATER STORAGE LAYER SoilET Sey
27. cter and blanks The command parser extracts two kinds of information from the file e command names e numbers As well as this information the user may if they wish add non numeric text to the file to explain what the run is doing Command Name Rules Commands are entered by starting a new line and entering the command name beginning in column 1 Following the command name are the parameters needed by that command Continuation lines if needed are indicated by leaving a space in column 1 Commands include a range of capabilities including those listed below and some others and can be entered in whatever number and order makes sense to the user to accomplish the model run The model will run each command as it encounters it START STORE GENERATE PRINT SPAN PLOT SPAN ADD SERIES POND REACH CALIBRATE POLLUTANT SERIES SPLIT SERIES DUMP PRINT EXCEEDANCE PULL POND SPAN MAXMIN PRINT SERIES FINISH CALC POND STATS IDENTIFY SERIES PRINT MODEL DETAILS UserManual0777vic 9 Numeric Value Rules Numbers must be entered in integer or floating point formats including scientific notation in the form of 4 H E Numbers must be entered following a space at the end of each command Numbers not required for a command must not be entered in the file or they will be interpreted as data and the model will attempt to use them as such Hint Adding extraneous numbers in comments is a common cause of user errors and som
28. current storage mm GW Volume p DeepLoss GWFlow UserManual0777vic 42 The surface storage receives all surface runoff generated by the pervious surface as well as a user specified lateral inflow series which can be any available time series The surface storage is characterized by a table of depth area outflow values supplied by the user Losses from storage include evaporation as well as exfiltration of water into the soil profile Outputs from the command provide several sets of information There are two binary outflow time series one is surface runoff outflow m s the other is subsurface groundwater outflow m s which conceptually can represent groundwater discharge to catchment outlet e g to outlet watercourse There is a text output file provides water balance summary for each layer Users can specify an optional detailed trace output If SurfacelD is supplied as a negative value then PERVSURF will generate two detailed trace output files ASCII text format o PERVSTORSTEPnnn txt contains all water budget components in mm and the surface and subsurface outflow rates m s for each time step one record per time step easy to import into spreadsheet where nnn SurfacelD o PERVSURFSTORAGE tra contains trace output for the surface storage volume only including inflow outflow exfiltration evaporation and pollutant loads in and out for each time step Some of the computational features a
29. d above surface outflows from IMPERVIOUS SURFACEs can be divided into three fractions This allows for a good deal of flexibility in representing drainage connectivities that may be of significance at the urban site level A schematic of how this can be accomplished is shown below This example is a model of a residential development site that includes an infiltration facility that receives all surface runoff from the site area In this example Separate IMPERVIOUS SURFACEs represent roofs versus roadways and parking areas The roof runoff is split into two equal fractions one of which is used as lateral input to a PERVIOUS SURFACE that represents grassed yard areas that receive the roof runoff e Aseparate PERVIOUS SURFACE represents other vegetated area e The ADD SERIES command is then used to add up the surface runoff from the various surfaces to generate a single time series representing the total surface runoff from the area e This time series is then used as lateral input to a PERVIOUS WITH STORAGE that represents the infiltration facility itself In this case the infiltration facility is within a park area and consists of a surface ponding area over top of a granular fill matrix that allows for exfiltration into the surrounding native soils The outflow from the surface storage element represents the net surface runoff from the site e The ADD SERIES command is used to add up the subsurface outflow components from each of the PERVIO
30. d stress 127 285 Pa ax computed bank stress 111 987 Pa Critical bed stress 5 000 Pa Bed Impulse 23241 355 Pa hours Depth Critical Bank Impulse bank stress m Pa Pa hours 0 000 5 0000 0 000 0 050 5 0000 9627 908 0 100 5 0000 10281 417 0 150 5 0000 9120602 etc every 0 05 m 2 300 5 0000 149 373 2 350 5 0000 138 283 2 400 5 0000 127 900 2 450 5 0000 117 536 References Cited e Chow V T 1959 Open Channel Hydraulics McGraw Hill Book Company Library of Congress Catlog Card Number 58 13860 e Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources OMNR 1982 Vulnerability of natural watercourses to erosion due to different flow rates report prepared by M M Dillon Limited Consulting Engineers amp Planners Toronto Ontario dated Nov 19 1982 Dillon file 9142 01 principal author F Ivan Lorant P Eng UserManual0777vic 52 Numerical Values EROSIVE Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements Idin integer gt 0 none ID for time series of flowrates to be applied to the channel section SYR SMO integer gt 0 none starting date of SDAY integer gt 0 lt 12 analysis integer gt 0 lt 32 none EndYR EndMO nteger gt 0 Ending date of EndDAY integer gt 0 lt 12 none analysis integer gt 0 lt 32 Ndepth integer gt 0 Number of depth increments at 2 Must be lt 51 which to pompute tractive stress and impulse values dDepth real gt 0 m Depth increment in metr
31. e and enable retrieval of data for analysis external to the QUALHYMO environment UserManual0777v1c 56 5 3 User Input File Structure There are several files that fall under this category e rainfall e temperature e evaporation flow pollutant series All of these files are ASCII text files each formatted in a common or available manner to facilitate user access Consistent with the intent of this draft manual the evaporation file will be discussed further here Other files are described in earlier manual versions and will be described in subsequent releases of this manual 5 3 1 Evaporation Files These files contain evaporation information as follows Year Evaporation i i 1 12 The file is read as free formatted so the model expects one integer followed by 12 floating point values each separated by at least one blank An example of a few records from such a file is 00 41 50 97 70 159 00 178 00 146 50 103 60 52 00 00 48 60 145 30 184 60 159 70 137 40 95 00 49 60 f 80 117 90 128 80 175 80 140 00 93 40 46 10 00 43 90 123 90 143 10 174 10 159 50 107 10 45 40 m o w oooo o oooo o o oooo o n a oooo o oooo o The model immediately converts this file into a time series file that is easily used by the model in subsequent calculations For the present this is an ASCII file that is formatted with one line per time step as 14 2X 12 2X F8 2 or Year Month Evaporat
32. e anything the user wants but in this case SomeFileName txt as the control file o the model will create a log file QRUNLOG TXT in the directory the model is run from UserManual0777vic 58 The model command applied with two parameters might be as follows C Document and Settings ThisUser gt QUALHYM0O8777 e Inthis example o the model will expect to use the first user specified name anything the user wants but in this case SomeFileName txt as the control file o the model will create a log file using the second user specified name anything the user wants but in this case AnotherName txt in its local directory Note It is not possible to specify a log file without specifying the control file A 2 Ways to Set up the Model Control Files The model requires a control file which tells it where the various input and output files are located and what they are called It also generates a log file that contains information on the events that happen during the run The relationships between these files is illustrated below File Relationships Control File he model where the other files a Su ALHYMO Input File Output File Q Q series Rainfall Temperature etp aao cAi record of runtime diagnQsti siso be located with project re ua projecte pacE UserManual0777v1c 59 The Control File itself follows some basic rules e The file is an ASCII text file e The file can have any name and any extens
33. e span of the simulation provides information on file numbers and other controlling information Use The START Command should be the first command but can be preceded by commands that don t require information contained on the START command e g IDENTIFY SERIES It may be repeated at other locations and any new values take effect from that point on Numerical Values START Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements IGY1 0 none Controls run span if IGY1 lt gt 0 the simulation will run for a set period poli i o year if IGY1 0 the simulation will run for the whole span of avale year available input data IGM1 1through12 month n a if IGY1 0 this block must be omitted Eo ireug eea IGY1 IGM1 and IGD1 must represent a valid date that IGY2 a valid year year precedes a valid date represented by IGY2 IGM2 and IGM2 1 through 12 month IGD2 1th h 31 Ieee tougn day The rainfall data provided by the user must encompass the dates provided here IRAIN integer none Identifies rainfall Must match value specified in control file see section file 2 of this manual Provide dummy value even if rain is not used IPFORM 1or2 none Specifies format if IPFORM 1 AES condensed hourly format will be of rainfall file expected if IPFORM 2 HEC STORM hourly format will be expected IFLOW integer none Specifies input Must match value specified in control file see section value for flow
34. e supplied to characterize the channel bed For the channel banks the critical tractive stress values are supplied at equal intervals of depth above the channel bottom per the input description below Generally the critical stress values are estimated using field investigations that would include sampling and analysis of textural class of the bed and bank materials and or direct measurements of critical shear stress of bed and banks Some empirical relationships between textural classification and critical stress is provided in Chow 1959 This command functions as follows e In each time step the subroutine first computes the depth of flow the hydraulic radius and the velocity of flow using the Manning equation with the user supplied Manning n value and assuming that energy slope equals the user supplied bed slope e The resulting tractive stresses on the channel bed along the wetted portion of channel banks are computed using empirically derived equations documented in OMNR 1982 These equations are presented below for reference e In each time step the subroutine checks if the applied bed and bank stresses are greater than the user supplied critical values If so then the erosive impulse value is updated The erosive impulse is simply the time integral of the excess tractive stress An impulse value is computed for the bed and an impulse value is computed for each depth interval up the banks The relationships used to resolve th
35. emp tmp This file is how the model knows where to look to find the time series and input files that control a model run If you have renamed any of the four files discussed above TestInput inp TestPrecip pre TestTemp tmp or TestEvap evp you must adjust the names in the QCONTROLFILE TXT so that it corresponds to the new file names you have chosen The TestOutput out file name in this file can be changed to any valid file name and the model will deposit its output results in a new file of that name More significant changes are possible by appropriate choices in the use of the QCONTROLFILE TXT file These are discussed in Appendix A 3 2 Alternative Interfaces QUALHYMO is intended to function primarily as a computational engine It is fully capable as a tool using the commands described in section 4 and input as discussed in section 3 1 above In some communities the manipulation of text files is a preferred approach and is held to be efficient and exact However for many users the manipulation of text files in their raw form will seem to be awkward and a visual interface would be preferred To support this kind of user it is anticipated that alternative interfaces may be developed and will be available As noted in the sketch figure below the data set documentation makes it possible to develop interfaces that will feed off the QUALHYMO engine in several ways Text Editor Interface 1 Interface 2 QUALHYMO Control Files QUALHYMO
36. enough to represent the rainfall runoff multiples of 1 step for processes effectively hour GENERATE Typically one hour is a useful time step for watershed level simulation AREA actual Hectares specifies watershed area AB Oor1 none controls printing of fAB 1 the unit hydrographs are printed unit hydrographs If AB 0 the unit hydrotraphs are not printed FRIMP 0 gt 1 inclusive none fraction of directly If FRIMP 0 omit next block connected impervious area Continued next page UserManual0777vic 33 Parameter AA XK TP SMIN SMAX SK APIK API ABSPER CETPER Value s 1or2 real gt 0 if AA 1 real lt gt if AA 2 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 lt 1 real gt 0 real gt 0 real 0 1 or lt 0 WATERSHED continued from previous page Units none none none mm mm mm none mm mm none Effect specifies unit hydrograph type hydrograph shape parameter hydrograph shape parameter minimum S maximum S S change parameter initial API value pervious initial abstraction pervious area evaporation correction coef Requirements Omit this block if FRIMP 1 If AA 1 a Nash hydrograph will be used If AA 2 a Williams hydrograph will be used If AA 1 XK is Nash n If AA 2 and XK gt 0 XK is Williams K If AA 2 and SK lt 0 XK is height H If AA 1 TP is the Nash paramete
37. er any interval the surface outflow rate is computed using the Manning equation with hydraulic radius approximated as depth of flow Soil moisture is continuously tracked When soil moisture is above field capacity then the excess is considered as free water that can percolate by gravity downward to the deep storage layer The percolation rate is a constant rate supplied by the user presumably would correspond to vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity of limiting layer Soil moisture is depleted by evapotranspiration The user supplies potential ET rates with the START command The potential ET rates can be scaled using SoilETfactor When soil moisture is at or above field capacity wet soil condition ET occurs at the potential rate i e no limit to water supply to root systems Actual ET will drop to zero as soil moisture drops from field capacity to wilting point There is no ET from the deep storage layer Therefore the soil water storage layer represents the full depth of soil or overburden layers from which root systems can extract water The input values for Field Capacity and MaxSoilWater need to be set accordingly MaxSoilWater will generally be approximated as available porosity times the depth of the soil water layer Similarly field capacity as well as wilting point will in part depend on the total layer depth being represented by the soil water layer Field capacity per unit depth will be higher in finer textured soils e g c
38. es BW real gt 0 m Bottom width of trapezoidal cross section SS real gt 0 m m Sideslopes of channel banks horiz vertical BedSlope real gt 0 m m Longitudinal channel bed slope MN real gt 0 none Manning n value CriticalBedStress real gt 0 Pa Critical tractive stress on channel bottom bed CriticalBank real gt 0 Pa Enter NDepth Stress n values of critical n 1 NDepth bed stress UserManual0777vic 53 4 3 20 The CISTERN Command Purpose This command simulates a simple rainwater cistern that is recharged by a specified time series and depleted by domestic use Use This was developed specifically for the Toronto Region Conservation Authority geographic region although it can be used anywhere It was implemented to provide a way to simulate lot scale flow storage The specified cistern receives flow from a user specified inflow time series and stores water until cistern capacity is reached Once the cistern is full all inflow is bypassed Cistern storage is depleted at a user supplied constant rate In the following simple example a cistern is specified with a capacity of 1000 m3 It is initially empty The daily withdrawal amounts are based on cistern water being used in summer months for irrigation CISTERN Inflow ID 1 Outflow ID 91 Cistern capacity 1000 cu m Initial cistern storage 0 Daily withdrawal volume for each calendar month Jan 0 0 Feb 0 0 Mar 0
39. etimes occurs if a user adding a comment includes a number for example a version number for the run If this kind of input is desired it must occur in a comment line as noted below Comment Rules There are two kinds of comments that are allowed in the model input file e Comment lines can be added They can be added between commands and are identified by an asterisk in the first column of the line Comment text including numbers can be entered in columns 2 though 80 and can contain any content since they are ignored by the model e Comment text can be added This can consist of any non numeric text inserted after the command name and before between or after the numeric values provided by the user The first few lines of a typical input file illustrate one correct use of the syntax rules HK HHH HHH HHH HHH HH HH QUALHYMO0 777 HEH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HE File RunFile22 dat Rain File CAL RAIN PRE Snowmelt FILE CAL TEMP TMP HH HHH HH HH HHH HHH HH HHH HH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HH HHH HHH HHH JE JE JE JE JE HK KKK ME E E E E E E E START START DATE OF SIMULATION 60 1 1 END DATE OF SIMULATION 95 5 31 RAINFALL WILL BE READ ON DEVICE IRAIN 9 PRECIP IS IN AES HOURLY FORMAT IPFORM 1 FLOW FILE WILL BE READ ON DEVICE IFLOW 10 Hint Users often find it is useful to develop a well commented input file and then use it as a template For different runs or projects all that needs
40. file can have any name and any extension that is legal under DOS but has a default name of QRUNLOG TXT e The content is as follows o The first line is the time and date at which the model was run o The second line is the model version o The next few lines indicate successful opening of the control files and input files o Subsequent lines indicate events during the model run such as commands or errors that may be encountered o Afinal line indicates a normal run ending and the time and date at which that occurred An example run log might be as follows RUN BEGUN 28 Jun 07 02 30 35 QUALHYMO VERSION 0777 1A BUILD 37 CONTROL FILE OPENED INPUT FROM C data MyProjectDirectory CALGARY AIRPORT Stage 1 POND ONLY INP OUTPUT TO C data MyProjectDirectory CALGARY AIRPORT Stage 1 POND ONLY 5 OUT INPUT FILE OPENED OUTPUT FILE OPENED COMMAND TABLE GENERATED READING FINAL CONTROL FILE ASSIGNMENTS FILE C data MyProjectDirectory CALRAIN PRE IDENTIFIED C data MyProjectDirectory CALRAIN PRE OPENED FILE C data MyProjectDirectory CALTEMP TMP IDENTIFIED C Ndata MyProjectDirectory CALTEMP TMP OPENED FILE C data MyProjectDirectory EG_CAL TXT IDENTIFIED C data MyProjectDirectory EG_CAL TXT OPENED CALCULATIONS BEGUN RETURN FROM COMMAND INTERPRETER NER NCODE 0 1 START COMMAND RETURN FROM COMMAND INTERPRETER NER NCODE 0 10 QUALITY PARAMETERS COMMAND with further lines documenting what commands were run in what order
41. hat It generates some essential information for the run A typical output might be as follows xxx MODEL INFORMATION BEGINS INPUT FILE FOR THIS RUN IS REGEN INP THIS RUN STARTED ee Tue Jul 17 22 48 05 2007 THIS MODEL VERSION QUALHYMO0777V1AB42 THE COMPILER USED oN THIS BUILD ABSOFT 10 00 07 FILE ASSOCIATIONS ARE RAIN PRE 2 5 EE 1HE HX MODEL INFORMATION ENDS The content is self explanatory It is noted that the mechanism chosen for embedding this information will support substantial long term additions with only a limited risk of losing downward compatibility Numerical Values PRINT MODEL DETAILS Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements n a none none extracts and prints none basic model run information UserManual0777vic 23 4 3 8 The GENERATE Command Purpose This command allows users to simulate runoff from a watershed Use This provides the ability to represent long term continuous flow from a watershed It is not intended to provide an ability to simulate detailed urban networks as might be done with the SWMM model Rather it is intended to enable the representation of catchments at a level of detail suitable for representation of the major factors that govern long term runoff processes If more detailed representation is needed this can be done by splitting the watershed into more numerous smaller catchments and aggregating the result or by incorporating the
42. id date that SEU els year precedes a valid date represented by ITY ITM and ITD ITM 1 through 12 month 3 The date span defined on the START command must ITD 1 through 31 day 7 encompass the dates provided here UserManual0777v1c 20 4 3 5 The MAXMIN Command Purpose This command allows users to develop maximum and minimum monthly and annual flow rate and volume statistics from any internally generated QUALHYMO time series Use The command can be issued for any properly constituted time series that remains on the disc Therefore the command can be issued throughout the run or collected at the end so long as at any point the file that is of interest exists and has not been over written Data are generated assuming the series contains whole months and years for the period of interest Output might look something like the following example although it would typically tend to extend for many months and years s MONTHLY MAKIMUMS DATE FLOW RATE CMS 1962 1 0 14110E 03 1962 2 0 30217E 01 1962 3 0 34496E 03 MONTHLY MINIMUMS DATE FLOW RATE 1962 1 0 00000E 00 1962 2 0 00000E 00 1962 3 0 00000E 00 DATE FLOW VOLUME CU H M 1962 1 0 28333E 02 1962 2 0 65649E 04 1962 3 0 99907E 02 s ANNUAL MAXIMUMS DATE FLOW RATE 1962 0 19767E 00 1963 0 30116E 00 1964 0 14915E 00 ANNUAL MINIMUMS DATE FLOW R
43. in time varies between these two rates depending on soil moisture status The soil moisture storage capacity field capacity and wilting point These are input as mm of water depth The storage capacity is a function of the depth of the soil profile and the available porosity Field capacity represents that amount of water that can be held against gravity drainage i e held within the soil matrix by capillary tension Wilting point is the amount of water held in the matrix at the point at which vegetation root systems can no longer extract moisture Storage capacity field capacity and wilting point will vary with soil texture As well when expressed as mm of water the values will depend on the depth of the soil profile being modeled Since all ET losses are accounted for within this layer the depth should be at least equal to the full depth over which the vegetation s root system can extract water Percolation rate This is the rate at which free water i e amount of water in excess of field capacity can move gravitationally downward through the profile and into the underlying layers which are represented in the model as a conceptual groundwater storage reservoir In other words percolation is groundwater recharge The percolation rate should be based on the limiting saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil layers through which the water must percolate to reach the water table The model assumes that this percolation capacity is always
44. ing problems confirms that the model has indeed been correctly installed and run UserManual0777vic 5 3 0 Running the Model QUALHYMO is invoked from the command line of a Microsoft Windows operating system by typing the command QUALHYMO0777 in a command line window or by double clicking on the QUALHYMO0777 exe file from Windows Explorer or another suitable file manager This version has been tested on Windows XP Appendix A provides details on model control and ways that the model can be installed in other than the default configuration The following discussion assumes you are operating in the default configuration Section 3 2 below provides a discussion about alternative interfaces 3 1 Input Files If you look in the TestData folder you ll see the following files if the model has not been run Name Size Type E TestEvap evp 10KB EVP File la TestInput inp 9KB INP File la TestPrecip pre la TestTemp tmp 1 560 K6 SQL Server Replicat 908 KB TMP File Date Modified 10 4 2007 1 20 4M 10 14 2007 11 49 AM 10 4 2007 1 20 AM 10 4 2007 1 21 AM or the following files if you did a test run with the model Name Size Z QBIN1 BUF 15 619 KB E QBIN2 BUF 15 619 KB E TestEvap evp 10 KB Ey TestInput inp 9 KB 2 TestOutput out 77KB 2 TestPrecip pre 1 560 KB TestTemp tmp 908 KB Type BUF File BUF File EVP File INP File OUT File SQL Server Replicat TMP File Date Modified 10 14
45. ings of monthly maximum and minimum data and annual maximum and minimum data illustrated as follows 2 2 2 MONTHLY MAXIMUMS DATE INFLOW OUTFLOW STAGE VOLUME CMS CMS M M3 1960 1 0 164E 00 0 994E 02 0 550E 00 0O 665E 04 1960 2 0 427E 01 O 000E 00 0 141E 00 0 168E 04 1960 3 O 174E 00 O 000E 00 0O 653E 00 0O 815E 04 sssasszssss2s 2 MONTHLY MININUMS s ss ssas DATE INFLOW OUTFLOW STAGE VOLUHE CHS CMS MH M3 1960 1 O 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0O 000E 00 1960 2 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0O 000E 00 1960 3 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0O 000E 00 ANNUAL MAKIMUMS DATE INFLOW OUTFLOW STAGE VOLUME CMS CMS M M3 1960 0 916E 00 0 994E 02 O 117E 01 0 178E 05 1961 0 827E 00 O 000E 00 O 887E 00 0O 121E 05 1962 0 654E 00 O 000E 00 0O 866E 00 0O 117E 05 ANNUAL MINIMUMS DATE INFLOW OUTFLOW STAGE VOLUME CMS CMS MH M3 1960 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0O 000E 00 0O 000E 00 1961 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0O 000E 00 1962 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0O 000E 00 Numerical Values CALC POND STATS Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements IFY a valid year year controls statistics if IFY lt 0 statistics will be calculated for entire run or or span 1 none IFM 1 through 12 month provides span If IFY lt 0 this entire block should be omitted ie ae ee ormatie IFY IFM and IFD must represent a val
46. ion in a fixed format This file is designated as a SCRATCH file and therefore only exists for the duration of a model run Implementation of this file as a fast binary file which is persistent exists between runs is being considered as an extension of the model and will be implemented if users indicate a preference for this alternative UserManual0777vic 5 Appendix A QUALHYMO Installation and Configuration Options A 1 Ways to Run the Model QUALHYMO can be run with or without command line parameters If Command line parameters are not used then the model will run based on default control files and file locations e The model command is simply its name For example if the model is located in a user directory ThisUser in the Documents and Settings directory the model would be executed as follows c Command Prompt Oy x C Documents and Settings ThisUser gt QUALHYMOB 777_ e In this case o the model will expect to find the control file QCONTROLFILE TXT in the directory the model is run from o the model will create a log file QRUNLOG TXT in the directory the model is run from If command line parameters are used then either one or two file names can be provided to the model The model command with one parameter might be as follows c Command Prompt e C Documents and Settings ThisUser gt QUALHYMO 77 SomeFileName txt e Inthis example o the model will expect to use the user specified nam
47. ion that is legal under DOS but has a default name of QCONTROLFILE TXT e The content of the Control File is as follows o Path to working directory The working directory can be any location the user chooses During the run the model will look for all input files in that location and will create its output files there as well Two possible exceptions to this are the control file itself and the log file The control file and log file locations are discussed in section 1 0 o Name of input file This is the data file containing all the model commands and parameters This name can contain embedded blanks but cannot have leading or following characters except blanks and carriage return line feed line terminators that are not part of the name This file is discussed further in section 3 0 o Name of output file This is the file that will contain the model output generated during arun This name can be any name legal under DOS and can contain embedded blanks but cannot have leading or following characters except blanks and carriage return line feed line terminators that are not part of the name o Up to 4 optional time series files that can be listed in any order Number and name of rainfall file The number must always be 9 in this version of the model The name can be anything the user wants but cannot contain embedded blanks One or more blanks must separate the number and the name This file is discussed further in section 3 0
48. ir length m overflow curve Consistent units are required NPTSV 2 through 25 none specifies number If ISIGC 2 this block must be entirely omitted but it is of points on otherwise required Also NPTSA and NPTSV cannot volume curve both be 0 i e at least an area or volume curve or both is required SV 1 i SV 2 i Pond stage m and sets values for in pairs where i and pond m3 sec volume curve ranges dromit toivomme alts If NPTSV 0 then the SV pairs should be omitted NPTSV NPTSA 2 through 25 none specifies number of points on area curve SA 1 i SA 2 i Pond stage m and sets values for in pairs wherei and pond m3 sec area curve E F F ranges from 1 to area oe If NPTSA 0 then the SA pairs should be omitted NPTSA BWIDTH Basin width m sets values for If ISIGC 1 this block must be omitted but it is BSLOPE Basin slope m m calculated otherwise required BLEN Basin length m volume and area BHEIGHT Basin height m curves UserManual0777vic POND continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 18 4 3 3 The PULL POND SPAN Command Purpose This command allows users to pull a detailed listing of various pond characteristics out of the long time series generated in the POND command Use The PULL POND SPAN command must follow a POND command and will develop data for only the most recent preceding POND command Several PULL POND SPANS can be used in sequence
49. is are well Known As shown below in a figure taken from OMNR publication Vulnerability of natural watercourses to erosion due different flow rates M M Dillon Limited 1982 it is possible to develop an analytic solution of the distribution of tractive forces in this particular case UserManual0777vic 49 AVERAGE TRACTIVE FORCE 0 62 MAX TRACTIVE FORCE J A lt ja o o uw o ee y MAX DEPTH B BED WIDTH d DEPTH T TRACTIVE FORCE oa 03 7 MAXIMUM TRACTIVE FORCE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF TRACTIVE o2 PE FORCE ON A TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL BANK 0 9 50 100 TRACTIVE FORCE percent OF MAX Based on this case the maximum applied tractive stress on channel banks is Tsmax Cs YRSp Teme CYR E Sina max tractive stress on channel banks Pa and TBmax max tractive stress on bed Pa Y unit weight of water N m R hydraulic radius m Sp channel bed slope m m Cs Z 2 1 3 0 15 In B y Cs Z 2 4 1 42 0 019 In B y Z channel bank side slope horizontal to vertical B bed width channel bottom width m y total depth of flow m The distribution of applied tractive stress along the channel banks is Us Lenan sin 1 d y 5 where Us tractive stress on channel bank at depth d above the channel bottom m UserManual0777vic 50 A sample input set for this command are below The critical shear stress values are arbitrary but the example
50. is supplied as a negative value then IMPERVSURF will generate a detailed trace output file ASCII text format This is in the form of a file IMPERVSTEPnnn txt where nnn OutflowlD1 that contains all water budget components in mm and the total surface and subsurface outflow rates m s for each time step This is produced with one record per time step so that it is easy to import into a spreadsheet for further analysis UserManual0777vic 39 Numerical Values IMPERVIOUS SURFACE Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements OutflowlD1 integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series 1 This flow series will be comprised of FlowFraction1 of the total surface runoff from the impervious surface OutflowID2 integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series 2 which will be FlowFraction2 of the total surface runoff from the impervious surface OutflowID3 integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series 3 which will be FlowFraction3 of the total surface runoff from the impervious surface FlowFraction1 real gt 0 none Fraction of total surface runoff and pollutant load written as series Outflow D1 FlowFraction2 real gt 0 none Fraction of total surface runoff and pollutant load written as series OutflowID2 FlowFraction3 real gt 0 none Fraction of total surface runoff and pollutant load written as series outlflowID3 Continued next page UserManual0777v
51. k must be omitted 1 correction If EVAPCASE 1 Ce Tor O PPAN and 12 PEVAP values are required PEVAP actual mm month If EVAPCASE 2 12 values O PPAN is required but the 12 PEVAP values in this block must be omitted O the evaporation file specified in the control file will be read for POND calculations IFDECA Oor1 none Controls If IFDECA 1 a constituent that is removed as a first pollutant order decay process will be simulated simulation IF IDECA 0 a first order constituent will not be simulated DECAYK actual hour First order decay If IFDECA 0 this value must be omitted coefficient IFSEDT Oor1 none Controls If IFSEDT 1 sediments will be simulated sediment If IFSEDT 0 sediments will not be simulated simulation SEDSET actual m s Effective If IFSEDT 0 this block must be omitted 5 VALUES ou settling SEDSET 1 must match SEDDIS 1 SEDSET 2 must velocity match SEDDIS 2 and soon to eee ce SEDSET 5 must match SEDDIS 5 SEDDIS actual none total sediment 5 VALUES UserManual0777v1c 13 4 3 2 The POND Command Purpose This command enables the simulation of control ponds reservoirs or small lakes It routes flows and optionally pollutants through the water body simulating mixing and losses along the way Use The functions included in the POND command are illustrated below POND FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS AP OR OVERFLOW ONN INFLOW D OPERATED GATE OUTFLOW PASSIVE GATE The POND command includes a substantial range
52. lays than coarse texture soils e g sand UserManual0777vic 3 Numerical Values PERVIOUS SURFACE Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements SurfacelD SubsurfacelD ExtInflowID DT SurfArea SurfLength SurfSlope SurfRoughness MaxDepressionSt orage MaxSoilWater FieldCap WiltingPt InfiltRate1 InfiltRate2 PercRate GWOutflowCoeff DeepLoss Coeff SoilETFactor InitDepression InitSoilWater InitGWVolume SNOWMELT PARAMETERS integer gt 0 integer gt 0 integer gt 0 real gt 0 Integer fraction of 1 hour or multiples of 1 hour real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 real gt 0 Same as GENERATE command none none none hr ha m m none mm mm mm mm mm hr mm hr mm day mm day mm da none mm mm mm none ID for surface outflow series ID for subsurface outflow series ID for external surface inflow Time Step Surface Area Characteristic length of catchment flow path Characteristic slope catchment Characteristic catchment surface roughness Surface depression storage soil layer s water storage capacity Field capacity Wilting point Max surface infilt rate Min surface infilt rate Percolation rate from soil water la
53. lculated Ae i arela if NIND lt 0 the model will determine the curve z if NIND gt 0 the user inputs the curve D i i 1 NIND real conc provides span If NIND lt 0 this entire block should be omitted information NINS integer lt 20 n a controls points on if NINS 0 this curve will not be calculated Me A olar if NINS lt 0 the model will determine the curve if NINS gt 0 the user inputs the curve S i iF1 NINS real conc provides span If NINS lt 0 this entire block should be omitted information NUMINT integer n a of intervals to calculate exceedance curves for IFY a valid year1 year provides span IFM through 12 month _ information the date span defined on the START command must IFD 1 MeT 31 day encompass the dates provided here ITY a valid year year t input NUMINT sets of intervals all si TY 1 through 12 A R input NU sets of intervals all six ITD 1 through 31 day UserManual0777v1c 31 4 3 14 The CALC SERIES STATS Command Purpose This command allows users to develop some basic parametric and non parametric statistics for any time series Use The command can be applied to any series generated by the model and can be set to ignore or account for zero values in the series CALC SERIES STATS Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements ID a valid input id n a identifies series to develop curves for IFLAG integer 0 or 1 n a controls inclusion if IFLAG 0 zero flows
54. lues for input parameters the PERVIOUS SURFACE and PERVIOUS W STORAGE commands can be used to represent various site level BMPs such as infiltration trenches vegetated swales soakaway areas subsurface infiltration galleries or bioretention facilities Refer to the following table for an outline of how some commands and BMPs might be related UserManual0777vic 66 Type of BMP QUALHYMO Notes on Input Parameters Command Soakaway area PERVIOUS W e Storage depth area outflow table based on actual STORAGE surface grading and estimate of ponding depth before Designed as area for _ spill outflow occurs temporary surface ponding on e Surface infiltration capacity and percolation capacity native soils based on estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil layers e Lateral inflow time series is the inflow from adjacent areas Infiltration trench or PERVIOUS e Lateral inflow time series is the facility inflow infiltration gallery SURFACE e Surface area equal actual trench surface area Designed using coarse granular filtration media e Surface infiltration rates set to represent high surrounded by geotextile capacity for water to enter top of granular matrix allows for water to exfiltrate e Soil moisture holding capacity based on depth width into surrounding native soils and effective porosity of granular matrix May include an overflow pipe to collect water in excess of e Field capacity minimal and wilting point ze
55. ments must be accessed and used Read it and if you don t agree with it don t use either the model or the manual further e The folder Manual contains this manual or one like it e The folder TestData contains a test data set that can be used to verify that the model is correctly installed and functioning Testing is described further below and model use is described further in Chapter 2 For now you should test the model There are two ways to do this e Double click on the QUALHYMO0777 exe file name in Windows Explorer or else e open a command window navigate to the location of QUALHYMO0777 exe and enter the command QUALHYMO0777 followed by the return key UserManual0777v1c Ae If you used Windows Explorer and double clicked to run the model you should see a command line window pop up as follows and then after a few minutes disappear cx C Data TestLocation InstallSet QUALH YMOO777 exe loj x Portions of this program include material copyrighted lt c gt by Absoft ETET ERT a 1988 2661 THIS RUN WILL USE CONTROL AND LOG FILES QCONTROLFILE TRT AND QRUNLOG TRT E POND 266 CALLED If you ran the model from the command line you should see something similar to the example below but the window will remain in place after the run has completed c Command Prompt 5 x C Data TestLocat ion InstallSet gt QUALHYMOB 77 Portions of this program include material copyrighted lt c gt by Absoft Corporation 1988 2
56. ng each use of IMPERVIOUS SURFACE with appropriate POLLUTANT SERIES command to apply appropriate pollutant concentrations PERVIOUS SURFACE Used to simulate vegetated areas including landscaped areas This command can be used to represent vegetated yard areas that receive roof drainage in residential areas This command has been coded so that any existing previously generated flow time series can be supplied by the user as a lateral input to the surface e g to roof runoff draining onto a grassed area IMPERVIOUS W STORAGE _ Simulates impervious e g paved surface that includes a surface storage volume Intended to allow modeling of such features as flat roofs with surface storage and controlled drainage outlet or paved parking area designed to provide surface ponding storage with controlled outlet The surface storage is characterized by a table of depth area outflow values supplied by the user Losses from the storage include surface evaporation PERVIOUS W STORAGE Used to simulate grassed swales and soakaway infiltration facilities This command has been coded so that any existing previously generated flow time series can be supplied by the user as a lateral input to the surface These commands complement the QUALHYMO GENERATE command by providing alternate means of simulating surface runoff processes within smaller scale situations The GENERATE command is intended more for simulating the hydrologic response of la
57. ngle directory C Documents and Settings ThisUser as discussed above then the control file might be REGEN INP TESTRESULTS OUT 9 RAIN PRE 8 TEMP TMP 7 EVAP TXT where the path on the first line is simply a period or decimal symbol and the command line becomes ex Command Prompt C Documents and Settings ThisUser gt QUALHYMOB 777_ UserManual0777vic 63 Appendix B Representing Some Common Features with the PERVIOUS SURFACE IMPERVIOUS SURFACE PERVIOUS W STORAGE and IMPERVIOUS W STORAGE Commands The QUALHYMO commands created to serve emerging requirements in the TRCA context can be employed to represent site level measures that promote infiltration and provide physical filtration to help with pollutant load reduction The four hydrologic commands have quite a bit in common but differ in detail and intended use It is up to the user to establish how to best represent a BMP in their particular case but this section provides some insights into ways they might consider as they decide on their simulation strategy Command Typical Uses IMPERVIOUS SURFACE Used to separately simulate different types of hard surfaces including roadways parking lots and roofs These types of surface can be simulated separately by repeated use of this command so that different mean pollutant concentrations can be applied to each surface type Changing pollutants according to land use type can be accomplished by precedi
58. ns The decision was made therefore to update QUALHYMO into a single current version This re development posed numerous challenges not the least of which was the need to provide an upward migration path so that users accustomed to certain features could still have access to them when the new QUALHYMO was released To the extent possible upward compatibility has been preserved As a part of this variable names exposed to the user have for the most part been preserved at least in the user manual The underlying code is another matter An immediate effort in developing current version was to retain no code that is not directly attributable to the identified authors This means that the authors can release the model for general use under suitable license conditions It also means however that the model may in some instances produce results that are somewhat different from those other variations of the earlier tool may generate QA QC procedures used in developing this tool have been substantial and we believe that it can be relied on to produce reasonable results when applied by a knowledgeable user but as noted in the license for the model and documentation it is up to the user to ensure that the model is effective for the purpose for which they apply it and that the answers they generate are what they require UserManual0777vic 3 2 0 Installing the Model The model is provided in the form of a zip file installset zip This can be d
59. ownloaded from the http qualhymo watertoolset com web site To install QUALHYMO place the zip file in any location that you prefer and unzip the file It is then ready to run It is not necessary to install the software otherwise Hint Installed this way the model can be run in its default configuration and this is a good way to begin exploring the model and its use However it should be noted there are numerous other ways the model can be installed and run at the discretion of the user Appendix A provides details on how the model can be installed in ways that differ from the default case When the file is unzipped you will see a folder InstallSet appear in the directory you have selected as the unzip location Depending on where you unzipped the model that might look as follows Name Size Type Date Modified Sy InstallSet File Folder 10 14 2007 6 49 PM CDinstallSet zip 870 KB WinZip File 10 14 2007 12 51 PM If you look inside the InstallSet folder you ll see the following Name Size Type Date Modified License File Folder 10 14 2007 7 06 PM Manual File Folder 10 14 2007 11 34 4M O TestData File Folder 10 14 2007 7 07 PM B QCONTROLFILE TXT 1 K6 Text Document 10 14 2007 12 49 PM P QUALHYMO0777 exe 1 032 KB Application 10 14 2007 11 27 4M The three folders in the InstallSet folder are as follows e The folder License contains the license under which QUALHYMO and this manual and associated docu
60. r If AA 1 TP is the Williams parameter Typically APIK is near 0 9 per day OMIT CETPER if ICASE 0 on START command if CETPER lt 0 CPAN from START command will be used CET real 0 1 or lt 0 none ET coefficient OMIT CET if ICASE 0 on START command If CET lt 0 CPAN from START command will be used ISNOW 1or2 none sets snowmelt Omit this whole group if temperature files are not method provided Eeo ET real e melt temperature if SNOW 1 The model will use annual coefficients SNOFAC real none calibration If ISNOW th del will iabl ficient EA e 2 the model will use variable coefficient PACDEP real mm starting pack a depth Applies to melt calculations ALPHAA real none calibration coefficient XKL real none thermal Applies to geothermal heat flux conductivity ratio BCOEF real none proportionality constant XNCOEF real none insulation factor Continued next page UserManual0777vic WATERSHED continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements KFLAG 0 10R2 none sets removal IN THIS VERSION SET KFLAG 0 option XN 0 1 none fraction of snow Omit XN DEPTH AND AREAD if KFLAG 0 removed DEPTH real gt 0 mm depth before removal begins AREAD real gt 0 ha area of donor watershed Omit this section if ISNOW 1 PSTATE real deg C temp for precip to be snow COEFD real gt 0 none calibration coefficient COEFE real gt 0 none
61. r the files used by the model can be established using standard DOS notation which means that both relative and absolute addressing can be used As an example consider a case where e a project work space is in C DATA DIR2 PROJECTLOC e the model executable QUALHYMO0777 EXE is in C DATA DIR1 e the control file is in C DATA DIR1 CONTROLLOC and is called QFILE TXT e the user has opened a command line at C DATA DIR1 RUNLOC Since the path to the project workspace is c data dir2 projectloc a suitable control file might be C DATANDIR2 PROJECTLOC REGEN INP TESTRESULTS OUT 9 RAIN PRE 8 TEMP TMP EVAP TXT UserManual0777vic 62 A suitable command line to run the model with all files as described above would be as follows c Command Prompt f The example above uses absolute addressing There is another option which is to use relative addressing In the case at hand an equivalent form of the above command line would be ex Command Prompt E 101 x C NDataNDIRINRUNLOC gt QUALHYMOG7 77 CONTROLLOC QFILE T amp T_ The usefulness of relative addressing depends very much on how the user happens to have placed the various model files on their system In case of doubt absolute addressing is recommended Relative addressing is not confined to the command line Relative addressing can also be used in the path specified in the first line of the control file If for example all files are located in a si
62. re Soil moisture tracking and soil water storage layer simulated in same manner as described for PERVSURFACE command When LiquidInput exceeds current infiltration capacity the excess water is added to the surface storage volume The surface storage volume will also receive as direct input the external inflow time series flow and pollutant loads The surface storage is defined by the user as a table of depth area outflow values The table must consist of a maximum of 20 rows with each row containing a depth of ponding m a corresponding water surface area m2 and outflow rate m s The values must increase from row to row Note that the water surface area on the final row i e the largest water surface area must be less than the total surface area for the pervious surface SurfArea The surface storage volume is updated by mass balance over each time step Water surface area is concurrently updated Surface storage is depleted by exfiltration into the soil water storage layer Surface storage is also depleted by surface evaporation Exfilitration and evaporation occur only over the inundated area i e water surface area Surface outflow will occur according to the table of depth area outflow values Pollutant routing occurs in the same manner as in the POND command The settling velocities and first order time decay parameter specified with the START UserManual0777vic 43 command are used As with the POND command pollutan
63. rger watershed areas Accordingly GENERATE makes use of estimates of effective UserManual0777v1c 64 imperviousness over larger areas and uses a modified SCS Curve Number approach that uses Antecedent Precipitation Index API to provide continuous simulation of surface runoff production at the watershed scale Separate representation of impervious and pervious surfaces and allowing for surface runoff from one to be diverted onto the other provides a more explicit means of modeling urban processes especially when dealing within smaller scale areas such as individual development areas or properties This was the impetus for extending QUALHYMO s command set to include these four commands Notes on these commands are as follows In the case of the IMPERVIOUS SURFACE command the command has been coded such that the surface runoff and pollutant loadings can be split into as many a three fractions This allows for example one fraction to be diverted onto a pervious vegetated surface e g roof drainage onto grassed area while another fraction goes directly to storm outlet Both the PERVIOUS SURFACE and PERVIOUS W STORAGE provide continuous simulation of soil moisture status within and vertical water movement through a porous soil profile The user must supply the following input parameters 1 O O Surface area in hectares Maximum and minimum surface infiltration rates The actual surface infiltration capacity at any point
64. ro minimal exfiltration capacity water held in matrix by capillary potential e ET factor set to zero as no vegetative root system within granular matrix e Percolation rate set to value representative of saturated hydraulic conductivity of surrounding native soil Bioretention facility PERVIOUS W e Similar to soakaway area above l STORAGE Designed to provide some e Storage depth area outflow table based on actual surface storage ponding surface grading and estimate of ponding depth before capacity either on native soils spill outflow occurs or on granular fill material ae f intended to promote e Surface infiltration capacity based on estimated infiltration conductivity of surface soil layer or granular material e Percolation rate based on estimated conductivity of underlying soil layers Grassed swales PERVIOUSW e Storage depth area outflow table based on average STORAGE or typical swale cross section hydraulic roughness and Linear vegetated swales allow for infiltration of water into native soils bed slope to develop flow vs depth rating curve which can then be used to estimate depth area outflow from length of swale e Surface infiltration capacity and percolation capacity based on estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil layers UserManual0777v1c B The IMPERVIOUS and PERVIOUS commands can accept lateral inflow time series as part of the total liquid water input to the surface And as note
65. s section if IZFLAG lt gt 1 UserManual0777v1c 26 4 3 9 The ADD SERIES Command Purpose This command allows users to add two series together The shortest time step of the two will be used if the time steps are not the same Note that the larger time step must be an integer multiple of the shorter time step if the two are not equal Use The ADD SERIES command must follow at least two commands creating output series or must be used in a situation where two output series already reside on disc because the command needs two input series to function Several ADD SERIES can be used in sequence The result of each invocation of this command is a new series that is the sum of the two input series Numerical Values ADD SERIES Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements IDOUT A valid series ID integer sets the output ID IDINA and IDINB must be existing series IDs ISER integer integer sets output name Timet f ps of IDINA and IDINB must be equal or one IDINA A valid series ID integer sets an input ID t oea dae erin IDINB A valid series ID integer sets an input ID mnuet be an integer multiple of the otner UserManual0777vic 2 4 3 10 The PULL SERIES SPAN Command Purpose This command allows users to pull a detailed listing of a subset of a time series data set Use The PULL SERIES SPAN command can be used if the specified time series exists The result of each in
66. s serve to illustrate the use of the command EROSIVE ID 171 Start date 2005 05 28 End 2006 12 31 Number of depth increments 50 Depth increment 0 05 m Bottom width 15 m Sideslope 3 Slope 0 004 Manning N 0 05 Critical Bed Stress 5 Critical Bank Stress Values 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Y 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ps 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 fey 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Igo 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 gimme 5 5 The text output file created by QUALHYMO will include the following output variables from the EROSIVE command Total duration of analysis hours Total flow volume hours Maximum flow rate m3 s Maximum computed flow depth m Maximum computed bed stress and bank stress Pa Total bed impulse cumulative excess shear stress on the channel bed integrated over the duration of analysis in Pa hours Table listing the impulse on the channel banks at each depth increment NDepth increments in Pa hours If IDin is specified as a negative value then there will also be generated a detailed trace output file ASCII text named EROSIVE TRA that presents results for each time step UserManual0777vic 51 The result of the above input set would be as follows Results from EROSIVE POWER routine for series ID 171 Total duration of analysis 13992 000 hours Flow volume 38763 633 000s m3 aximum flow encountered 181 893 m3 sec aximum computed flow depth 3 312 m ax computed be
67. self well to use in assessing watershed level water quantity and quality problems Over the 20 years or so following the initial release of the model the business activities of the original author tended to conflict with further development of the tool and no substantive development was attempted by him during that period Nevertheless a number of descendant versions or variations of QUALHYMO seem to have emerged over that time The code to the original model was available to developers and users and it seems that an undetermined number of alternative versions of QUALHYMO have appeared as a result No endorsement or otherwise of such alternatives will be attempted by the authors and should not be interpreted from this manual However it is noted that a casual survey suggests that these versions vary in their approaches to coding and simulation It is not known to the authors of the present QUALHYMO effort how those multiple versions fared in practice but discussions with individuals in the field suggested that the multiplicity of versions has led to a multiplicity of issues not the least of which was a lack of confidence regarding which version of the tool was which As the practice of water resources has matured the need for a tool like QUALHYMO for practical applications has been reinforced A model targeted at BMP evaluation and designed for rapid simulation of long term quality quantity behavior has emerged as a requirement in many situatio
68. t routing is based on considering the volume to be a series of completely stirred tank reactors nNCSTRs With nCSTRs 1 the volume is effectively a completely mixed volume With nCSTRs set at 5 or greater the conditions approach those of a plug flow reactor With nCSTRs set between 1 and 5 the result can be considered as intermediate between completely mixed flow and plug flow Numerical Values PERVIOUS W STORAGE Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements SurfacelD integer gt 0 none ID for surface outflow series SubsurfacelD integer gt 0 none ID for subsurface outflow series ExtinflowlD integer gt 0 none ID for external surface inflow series Set to zero if no external inflow to be supplied DT Integer fraction hr Time Step of 1 hour or multiples of 1 hour SurfArea real gt 0 ha Total surface area MaxSoilWater real gt 0 mm Soil water capacity FieldCap real gt 0 mm Field capacity WiltingPt real gt 0 mm Wilting point InfiltRate1 real gt 0 mm hr Max surface infilt rate InfiltRate2 real gt 0 mm hr Min surface infilt rate PercRate real gt 0 mm day percolation rate from soil water layer to groundwater layer GWOutflowCoeff real gt 0 mm day Subsurface outflow coeff DeepLossCoeff real gt 0 mmi day Deep loss coeff SoilET Factor real gt 0 none Factor by which user supplied potential evap raters are multiplied to get applied otential ET nitDepression real gt 0 mm Ini
69. tal surface runoff and pollutant load written as series OutflowlD1 FlowFraction2 real gt 0 none Fraction of total surface runoff and pollutant load written as series OutflowID2 FlowFraction3 real gt 0 none Fraction of total surface runoff and pollutant load written as series OutflowID3 Extnflow ID integer gt 0 none ID for external surface inflow series DT real gt 0 hr Time Step SurfArea real gt 0 ha Surface Area Continued next page UserManual0777vic 47 IMPERVIOUS W STORAGE continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 48 4 3 20 The EROSIVE Command Purpose This command Computes the erosive impulse excess boundary shear stress integrated over time applied to a user defined stream cross section by a specified time series of flow rates Use This command was developed specifically for the Toronto Region Conservation Authority area and is intended to provide a way to assess the shear stresses developed in a stream as a result of long term flows The stream cross section is of trapezoidal geometry the bottom width and side slopes of the cross section as supplied as input to this command along with the hydraulic roughness Manning n value and the longitudinal bed slope The input to this command must also include the critical tractive stress along the cross section bed and banks A single critical stress value must b
70. the operated gate finally opens Clearly the combination of losses outflows and pond stage volume relationships have a major impact on the simplistic picture just presented but the general principles illustrate how incorporation of a detention time can affect quantity routing Some Detail on Detention Time Detention Time TDET The pond volume itself can be simulated as behaving as a completely mixed reactor a plug flow reactor or a reactor that behaves between these extremes Typical Passive Outflow Hydrograph Typical Operated Outflow Hydrograph I Y mi UserManual0777v1c 15 Numerical Values POND Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements IDOUT a valid series ID none identifies output IDOUT lt gt IDH series ID ISER integer none numerical series if ISER lt O then detailed pond behavior will be dumped name and flag for to a binary file that can be accessed using the PULL detailed outputs POND SPAN and CALC POND STATS commands ISER is set to ABS ISER after the model is set to dump detailed diagnostics IDH a valid series ID none identifies input The series referred to must have been developed in an series ID earlier run or a command prior to the use of the POND command TDET actual hours specifies TDET must be greater than the computation time step detention time for the pond NELS 1 through 99 none specifies number if NEL
71. tial depression storage InitSoilWater real gt 0 mm Initial Soil water storage level InitGWVolume real gt 0 mm Initial groundwater storage level Continued next page UserManual0777v1c 44 PERVIOUS W STORAGE continued from previous page Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 45 4 3 19 The IMPERVIOUS W STORAGE Command Purpose This command simulates hydrologic response of impervious e g paved surface that includes a surface storage volume Intended to allow modeling of such features as flat roofs with surface storage and controlled drainage outlet or paved parking area designed to provide surface ponding storage with controlled outlet Use This command was developed specifically for the Toronto Region Conservation Authority although it can be used elsewhere if appropriate It can be used in place of the GENERATE command It is one of four such commands PERVSURF IMPERVSURF PERVSURFSTORAGE IMPERVSURFSTORAGE which were implemented to facilitate simulation of LID alternatives As well as this section Appendix B provides some general guidance on the use of these four commands The surface storage receives all surface runoff generated by the impervious surface as well as a user specified lateral inflow series which can be any available time series The surface storage is characterized by a table of depth area outflow values supplied by the user Losses from
72. tion and exfiltration of stored water into the soil profile occur over only the inundated area 7 Total outflow from the conceptual groundwater storage layer is computed as a simple linear function of storage level The modeler can specify that a percentage of this outflow be considered as deep losses which do not contribute to the subsurface outflow rate The PERVIOUS commands do not provide any simulation of pollutant removal by filitration or other processes associated with vertical water movement downward through the soil matrix However the effect of this filtration process can be represented by using the POLLUTANT SERIES command to assign appropriate average pollutant concentration values to the subsurface groundwater outflow Note that in the case of the PERVIOUS W STORAGE command pollutant removal solids settling and first order decay is simulated within the volume held in the surface storage element in the same manner as used in the POND and REACH commands That is the surface storage volume is represented as a number of completely mixed tank reactors with solids settling and first order decay occurring based on rate parameters supplied with the START command The PERVIOUS commands provide a conceptual representation of infiltration into movement through and ET losses from a porous medium These commands can therefore be used to simulate hydrologic response of vegetated areas on native soils As well through appropriate va
73. to be changed in each command are the numerical values This is well organized and makes it easy to read the file contents without reference to the user manual It also contains comments that document what the run used as input information To illustrate the flexibility of the input system it is noted that the following line is exactly equivalent to the above excerpt as far as the model is concerned It is however not as user friendly START 60 1 1 95 5 31 9 1 10 UserManual0777v1c 10 This approach to data entry has proven to be a very efficient way to run models and will be maintained in future versions of the tool However because of the shift in user expectations since the model was developed a graphical environment will be released in December 2009 at www watertoolset com to accommodate users with other preferences UserManual0777vic 11 4 3 Commands The following sections provide the details of model commands NOTE In this manual not all commands contained in earlier model versions are documented Care should be used in attempting to apply commands not documented in this manual with this version of the model In the tables blue sections must always be provided by the user Yellow sections may or may not be required The text explains when the yellow sections are are not required 4 3 1 The START Command Purpose This command regulates many factors that persist over the course of a model run It identifies th
74. vocation of this command is a listing of data prefaced by file time step and name information A few lines of a typical output are shown as follows FILE CHARACTERSTICS NAME 208 TIME STEP 1 00000 YYYYMMDD Q D Sl 52 53 S4 SS 1973 215 0 1307E 03 0 0000E 00 0 1838E 09 0 7845E 10 0 7748E 10 0 3606E 09 0 2527E 08 1973 215 0 2209E 03 0 0000E 00 0 5500E 09 0 2345E 09 0 2308E 09 0 1063E 08 0 6325E 08 1973 215 0 3345E 03 0 0000E 00 0 1299E 08 0 5531E 09 0 5424E 09 0 2471E 08 0 1272E 07 1973 215 0 4686E 03 0 0000E 00 0 2608E 08 0 1109E 08 0 1083E 08 0 4881E 08 0 2202E 07 1973 215 0 6215E 03 0 0000E 00 0 4677E 08 0 1987E 08 0 1933E 08 0 8613E 08 0 3460E 07 Numerical Values PULL SERIES SPAN Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 28 4 3 11 The SPLIT SERIES Command Purpose This command allows users to split a time series into two using a defined flow split curve Use The SPLIT SERIES command must refer to an existing time series file and must include identification for the two sub series as well as the flow split curve When used the original file remains intact and the two new files are generated Numerical Values SPLIT SERIES Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements UserManual0777v1c 29 4 3 12 The FILTERED REMOVAL Command Purpose This command allows users to represent a BMP that operates as a filter medium as might appear
75. will be included in calcs of zero values if IFLAG 1 zero flows will not be included in calcs UserManual0777vic 32 4 3 15 The WATERSHED Command Purpose This command allows users to simulate runoff from a watershed It is similar but not identical to the old GENERATE command Use This provides the ability to represent long term continuous flow from a watershed It is not intended to provide an ability to simulate detailed urban networks as might be done with the SWMM model Rather it is intended to enable the representation of catchments at a level of detail suitable for representation of the major factors that govern long term runoff processes If more detailed representation is needed this can be done by splitting the watershed into more numerous smaller catchments and aggregating the result or by incorporating the results of an external model Numerical Values WATERSHED Command Information Parameter Value s Units Effect Requirements ID A valid series ID none simulates runoff None other than the ID number needs to be a valid from a watershed QUALHYMO time series identifier Any series already present and using the same ID number will be overwritten by this command ISER integer none numerical series Should be unique to the catchment being run name DT Integer fraction hours specifies The time step for computation of It should be should of 1 hour or computation time be short
76. yer to groundwater layer Subsurface outflow coeff Deep loss coeff Factor by which user supplied potential evap raters are multiplied to get applied potential ET Initial depression storage Initial Soil water storage level Initial groundwater storage level Same as GENERATE command DT must be an integer divisor or multiple of one hour UserManual0777vic 38 4 3 17 The IMPERVIOUS SURFACE Command Purpose This command simulates hydrologic response of impervious e g paved surface including pollutant loads associated with surface runoff Use This command was developed specifically for the Toronto Region Conservation Authority although it can be used elsewhere if appropriate It can be used in place of the GENERATE command It is one of four such commands PERVSURF IMPERVSURF PERVSURFSTORAGE IMPERVSURFSTORAGE which were implemented to facilitate simulation of LID alternatives As well as this section Appendix B provides some general guidance on the use of these four commands Users have several output types to consider e There are three binary outflow time series o OutflowlID1 FlowFraction1 surface runoff flow and pollutant loads o OutflowlD2 FlowFraction2 surface runoff flow and pollutant loads o OutflowlD3 FlowFraction3 surface runoff flow and pollutant loads e The text output file provides water balance summary e Users can request an optional detailed trace output If OutflowID1

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