Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Contents
1. Bei l ngerem Stillstand des Ger tes ist diese von der Versorgungs spannung zu trennen Dies verhindert eine Besch digung des Ger tes durch eine berspannung in der Zuleitung Der arbeitsplatzbezogene L rmschutzpegel nach DIN 45 635 ist kleiner 70dB A D 4 Regulatory Standards Compliance Appendix E Product Support Services Product Registration Problem Report Fill in the Owner Registration Card and mail it to Accton Technology Corporation Accton will keep your record and inform you of any new Accton unit developments If problems occur during unit operation please check the adapter configuration settings cables connectors network terminators hardware compatibility and other network components Write a description of the problem including what problems occurred when they occurred duration of the problems the unit number serial number hardware software and the DOS version that you are using Then contact your dealer or Accton Technology Corporation for assistance Hardware Repair Service You must get an RMA Return Materials Authorization number before returning any hardware for repair To obtain this number please inform Accton of your company name address unit name and model number contact person telephone number and a problem description list If your unit is under repair warranty you must also give your purchase date Carefully pack your hardware If possible use the original carton Mark2. 6 OTD 6 IRD 6 OTD 6 OTD Port and Cable Assignments B 1 Appendix C Specifications Product Specifications Basic Criteria Switching Criteria Access Method Standards Conformance Communication Rate Communication Mode Media Supported Number of Ports Indicator Panel Dimensions Input Power Power Consumption Temperature Humidity Certification Emissions Immunity Safety Network Bridging Function Switching Method Address Table Queue Buffer CSMA CD 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps IEEE 802 3 10BASE T IEEE 802 3u 100BASE TX 10 Mbps on Ports 1 8 16 10 or 100 Mbps on Ports 9 10 amp 17 18 Full duplex or half duplex manual setting for P orts 1 8 16 and auto negotiation for Ports 9 10 amp 17 18 10BASE T 1000 Category 3 4 5 twisted pair 100BASE TX 100 Category 5 twisted pair cable 8 16 LOBASE T and 2 100BASE TX ports 1 10BASE T and 1 100BASE TX port can be setat MDI X or MDI LEDs for monitoring port link collision activity transmission speed and transmission mode 330mm x 204mm x 44mm 13 x 8 x 1 7 Full range power input 100 to 240V 10 50 to 60 Hz 3Hz ES2010 0 16 Amp at 100 VAC 0 10 Amp at 240 VAC ES2018 0 26 Amp at 100 VAC 0 12 Amp at 240 VAC 0 C to 40 C 32 to 104 F Standard Operating 10 to 90 Noncondensing CE Mark FCC Class A VCCI Class A CISPR Class A IEC 1000 4 2 3 4 6 UL CSA TUV GS filtering forwarding and learning store and
3. CheetahSwitch Workgroup 2010 Model No ES2010 e CheetahSwitch Workgroup 2018 Model No ES2018 Accton Australia Level 6 10 Help Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia Phone 612 9410 9860 Fax 612 9410 9861 Accton Japan Yokohama Landmark Tower 17F 2 1 1 Minatomirai 2 Chome Nishi Ku Yokohama 220 81 Japan Phone 81 45 224 2332 Fax 81 45 224 2331 Ethernet Switch with 8 IOBASE T and 2 10BASE T 100BASE TX Ports Ethernet Switch with 16 10BASE T and 2 10BASE T 100BASE TX Ports Product Support Services E 5 Glossary 10BASE T IEEE s specifications for running 10 Mbps Ethernet using twisted pair cable 1000 STP or UTP The maximum length of cable for a point to point connection is 100 meters 328 feet and the maximum number of nodes is 1024 100BASE TX IEEE s specifications for 100 Mbps Ethernet using twisted pair cable Category 5 1000 STP or UTP The maximum length of cable for a point to point connection is 100 meters 328 feet Bus Topology A broadcast arrangement in which all network stations receive the same message through the cable at the same time Collision A condition in which two packets transmitted over a medium interfere with each other Their interference makes both signals unintelligible Configuration The way to set up a computer server or local area network Connection A logical binding between two or more users of an interconnection service Daisy C
4. ES2010 ES2018 AccTon EO697 RO 150175 101
5. Appendix A Troubleshooting Diagnosing Switch Indicators The CheetahSwitch can be easily monitored through its comprehensive panel indicators These indicators assist the network manager in identifying problems the switch may encounter This section describes common problems you may encounter and possible solutions Symptom Link indicator does not light up green after making a connection Cause Network interface e g anetwork adapter card on the attached device network cable or switch port is defective Solution Verify that the switch and attached device are powered on Be sure the cable is plugged into both the switch and corresponding device Verify that the proper cable type is used and its length does not exceed specified limits 100m or 328ft Check the adapter on the attached device and cable connections for possible defects Replace the defective adapter or cable if necessary Symptom PWR indicator does not light up green after power on Cause Defective power outlet power cord or internal power supply Solution Check the power outlet by plugging in another device that is functioning properly Check the power cord with another device If these measures fail to resolve the problem have the unit s power supply replaced by an qualified Accton distributor Troubleshooting A 1 CheetahSwitch User s Guide System Diagnostics Power and Cooling Problems Installation If the PWR indicator does
6. at has a properly installed network adapter card For RJ 45 ports 8 and 10 on the CheetahSwitch Workgroup 2010 and Ports 16 and 18 on the CheetahS witch Workgroup 2018 the selector switch must be set to MDI X STP Shielded Twisted Pair Twisted pair wire covered with an external aluminum foil or woven copper shield designed to reduce excessive noise pick up or radiation The STP cable referred to in this manual is also sometimes called screened twisted pair ScTP Its impedance is 1000 and has the same pin assignment as UTP This cable should not be confused with the older 1500 cable type designed by IBM UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable composed of two insulated wires twisted together to reduce electrical interference used in common telephone cord Glossary 3 Index A applications 3 1 high bandwidth file server 3 4 high speed link between switches 3 5 multiport bridge with high bandwidth backbone 3 3 switch used as collapsed backbone for starter network 3 2 auto negotiation protocol 2 6 bridging functions 3 1 C cabling supported types 1 6 CheetahS witch 1 2 communication mode selection 2 6 cord set specifications D 3 cross bar switching 1 7 crossover cable B 1 E EMI certification D 1 F Fast Ethernet 1 4 FCC Warning D 1 filter packets 1 2 forward packets 1 2 full duplex 1 3 Index H hardware installation 2 2 installation mounting switches
7. ble by fax mail or phone e Send your technical questions by fax to International Headquarters 886 3 5770 267 USA Headquarters 408 452 8988 e To obtain software upgrades connect via ftp to ftp accton com tw e Send your technical questions by email to support accton com tw E 2 Product Support Services CheetahSwitch User s Guide Limited Warranty Customer Remedies Mail your technical questions to International Headquarters USA Headquarters Accton Technology Corporation Accton Technology Corporation Attn Technical Support Attn Technical Support No 1 Creation Road III 1962 Zanker Road Science based Industrial Park San Jose CA 95112 U S A Hsinchu 300 Taiwan R O C During local business hours call International Headquarters USA Headquarters Monday through Friday Monday through Friday 8 am to 6 p m 7 am to 5 p m Pacific Time 886 3 5770 270 408 452 8900 or 800 926 9288 Accton warrants to the original owner that the product delivered in this package will be free from defects in material and workmanship for the lifetime of the product For the warranty to apply you must register your purchase by returning the registration card indicating the date of purchase and including proof of purchase There will be a minimal charge to replace consumable components such as fuses power transformers and mechanical cooling devices The warranty does not cover the product if it is damaged i
8. e CheetahSwitch User s Guide Safety Compliance Underwriters Laboratories Inc Operating Voltage CordSetSpecifications pue a T 240 Volts For North America Type SVT or SJ T three conductor cord Maximum length of 15 feet Type SVT or SJ T three conductor cord Important Before making connections make sure you have the correct Cord Set Check it read the label on the cable against the following specification list Cord Set Specifications IUL Listed CSA Certified Cord Set eee Minimum 18 AWG Parallel blade grounding type attachment plug rated 15A 125V UL Listed CSA Certified Cord Set Minimum 18 AWG Maximum length of 15 feet Tandem blade grounding type attachment plug rated 15A 125V 240 Volts For Europe only po Cord Set with HOSVV F cord having three conductors with minimum diameter of 0 75 mm IEC 320 receptacle Male plug rated 6A 250V The unit will automatically select the setting that matches the input voltage connected Therefore no additional adjustments are necessary when connecting it to any input voltage within the range marked on the rear panel Regulatory Standards Compliance D 3 CheetahSwitch User s Guide Sicherheitshinweise 11 12 13 Die Steckdose mu sich in der N he des Ger tes befinden und leicht zug nglich sein Zum Reinigen den Stecker aus der Steckdose ziehen Beim Reinige
9. fore you may return any Accton product to Accton you must request an RMA number by calling faxing or writing Accton s Service Department at the address listed below If you ship the product you must assume the risk of damage or loss in transit You must use the original container or the equivalent and pay the shipping charge Accton may replace or repair the product with either a new or reconditioned product and the returned product becomes Accton s property At Accton s sole discretion Accton will issue a credit for either a comparable replacement Accton product or credit the original purchase price towards the purchase of any Accton product for any unrepairable defective product This warranty does not cover replacement of products damaged by abuse accident misuse neglect alteration repair disaster improper installation or improper testing ACCTON SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS LOSS OF USE INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT OR INABILITY TO USE IT EVEN IF THE COMPANY OR ACCTON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF SUCH LIABILITY OR OTHER SPECIAL CLAIMS If you purchased this product in the USA be aware that some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts so the above limitations may not apply to you Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you This war
10. forward 8K entries per system 1M shared memory for 10 Mbps ports ES2010 2M shared memory for 10 Mbps ports ES2018 1M bytes shared memory for 100 Mbps ports Specifications Appendix D Regulatory Standards Compliance EMI Certification FCC Class A Warning This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause interference to radio communications It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Subpart B of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures are required to correct the interference You may use unshielded twisted pair UTP for RJ 45 connections Category 3 or greater for 10 Mbps connections and Category 5 for 100 Mbps connections Warnings 1 Wear an anti static wrist strap or take other suitable measures to prevent electrostatic discharge whenever handling this equipment 2 When connecting this device to a power outlet connect the field ground lead on the tri pole power plug to a valid earth ground line to prevent electrical hazards Canada Department of Communications Class A This digital ap
11. hain Port An MDI RJ 45 port used to cascade compatible devices in a daisy chain configuration using straight through twisted pair cable To cascade two devices either run a connection from the daisy chain port on one device to a station port on the other device or cascade the two devices by running crossover cable between MDI X station ports on both devices Glossary 1 CheetahSwitch User s Guide DIP Switch A two position switch used to select specific device functions A DIP switch is used on the rear panel of the CheetahS witch to select the transmission mode i e half or full duplex Ethernet A network communication system developed and standardized by DEC Intel and Xerox using baseband transmission CSMA CD access logical bus topology and coaxial cable The successor IEEE 802 3 standard provides for integration into the OSI model and extends the physical layer and media with repeaters and implementations that operate on fiber optics baseband and twisted pair Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps network communication system based on Ethernet and the CSMA CD access method IEEE 802 3 Standard Standard for the physical and electrical connections in local area networks developed by the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The IEEE 802 3u standard covers these same issues for 100 Mbps networks LED Light emitting diode used on the CheetahS witch for monitoring a device or network condition Local Area Ne
12. in a rack 2 3 stacking switches on a flat surface 2 2 L limited warranty E 3 link indicator 2 8 N network connection cascaded 2 4 2 5 Fast Ethernet 2 5 MDI daisy chain port 2 5 MDI X station port 2 4 restrictions on cascade length 2 6 verifying 2 8 network diameter extended 1 5 P package contents i pin assignments RJ 45 port B 1 port and cable assignments B 1 port indicators 2 7 port status 2 7 powering on the switch 2 7 pre installation requirements 2 1 product specifications C 1 CheetahSwitch User s Guide product support services E 1 power and cooling A 2 Accton offices E 5 transmission mode A 2 bulletin board service E 2 twisted pair cable hardware repair service E 1 category 3 4 5 2 4 2 5 A 3 interactive Fast Fax E 2 ordering information E 5 V technical support E 2 Q quick installation iii R restrictions on cascade length 2 6 S safety compliance D 3 shared Ethernet limitations 1 1 standards compliance D 1 switch ports 1 6 switching methods store and forward 1 5 switching technology 1 2 T total bandwidth 1 6 transmission mode auto negotiation iv 1 3 2 4 selection 2 6 transmission speed auto sensing iv 2 4 troubleshooting cabling A 3 configuration A 3 device indicators A 1 external adapters A 3 installation A 2 verifying system operation 2 8 2 Index
13. n keine Fl ssigreiniger oder Sprays verwenden sondern ein angefeuchtetes Tuch Das produkt ger t nicht in Na r ume oder in der N he von Wasser benutzen wie z B Badezimmer Schwimmbad Sp lbecken usw Das Eindringen von Wasser kann zur Zerst rung des Ger tes f hren Das produkt ger t nicht auf einer unstabilen Unterlage wie z B Rollwagen Gestell usw aufstellen Es K nnte herunterfallen und Verletzungen oder Besch digungen von Mensch und Ger t verursachen Die Bel ftungs ffnungen nicht blockieren oder auf falscher Ober fl che wie Bett Sofa usw stellen Durch die Blockierung kann es zur Zerst rung des Ger tes durch berhitzung kommen Versuchen Sie niemals dieses Ger t selbst zu warten da beim ffnen oder Abnehmen des Geh uses die Gefahr eines elektrischen Schlages besteht Keine Gegenst nde auf das Anschlu kabel stellen damit es nicht durch scharfe Kanten zerst rt werden kann Keinerlei Gegenst nde durch die ffungen in das Ger t stecken da es dadurch sonst zu Kurzschl ssen kommen kann Bei St rungen des Ger tes den Wartungsdienst verst ndigen Bei Reperaturen d rfen nur Orginalersatzteile oder Bauteile mit gleichen Eigenschaften verwendet werden Andere Bauteile k nnen Feuer elektrischen Schlag oder andere Gefahren verursachen Nach Beendigung von Wartungsarbeiten oder Reperaturen durch den Kundendienst sollte die Sicherheitspr fung durchgef hrt werden
14. n the process of being installed Accton recommends that you have the company from whom you purchased this product install it THE ABOVE WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHETHER EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY WARRANTY ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE ACCTON SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ACCTON NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY If the product is found to be defective within the first two years from the later of date of purchase or date of manufacture Accton s entire liability and your exclusive remedy for any breach of warranty shall be at its option to repair or replace the product at no charge except as set forth below If the product is found to be defective after two years from the later of date of purchase or date of manufacture Product Support Services E 3 CheetahSwitch User s Guide Return Process Accton will charge a process and handling fee provided that you deliver the product along with a return material authorization RMA number either to the company from whom you purchased it or to Accton Accton warrants the repaired or replaced product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for the remainder of the original product s warranty period Consumable components are warranted only for two years Be
15. not turn on when the power cord is plugged in you may have a problem with the power outlet power cord or internal power supply as explained in the previous section However if the unit powers off after running for a while check for loose power connections power losses or surges at the power outlet and verify that the fan on back of the unit is unobstructed and running prior to shutdown If you still cannot isolate the problem then the internal power supply may be defective In this case contact your Accton distributor for assistance Verify that all system components have been properly installed If one or more components appear to be malfunctioning e g the power cord or network cabling test them in an alternate environment where you are sure that all the other components are functioning properly Transmission Mode When you use Ports 1 8 16 check the DIP switch on the rear panel to ensure that each port is set to the same transmission mode used by the attached device i e half or full duplex The switch uses auto negotiation to set the transmission mode for Ports 9 10 17 18 Ifthe attached device does not support auto negotiation and you need to run it at full duplex then you should upgrade it to a newer version that does support auto negotiation Troubleshooting CheetahSwitch User s Guide Cabling 1 Verify that the cabling type is correct Be sure all cable connectors are securely seated in the re
16. paratus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference causing equipment standard entitled Digital Apparatus ICES 003 of the Department of Communications Cet appareil num rique respecte les limites de bruits radio lectriques applicables aux appareils num riques de Classe A prescrites dans la norme sur le mat riel brouilleur Appareils Num rques NMB 003 dict e par le minist re des Communications Regulatory Standards Compliance D 1 CheetahSwitch User s Guide VCCI Class A Compliance CORES TSEBNISIBSTGOEDIEE EHE VCCI DEE ITED 23 2A RRRA TI LOIRBTRERRTEN TB CH HEHETERILTLENBVUEF LOSE EAENENIHRTRT SLBEBKAINSCEMHV ET CE Mark Declaration of Conformance for EMI and Safety This is to certify that this product complies with ISO IEC Guide 22 and EN45014 It conforms to the following specifications EMC EN55022 1988 CISPR 22 1985 class A EN60555 2 1995 class A EN60555 3 TEC1000 4 2 1995 4kV CD 8kV AD TEC1000 4 3 1995 3V m IEC1000 4 4 1995 1kV power line 0 5kV signal line IEC 1000 4 6 1995 3Vrms This product complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC Warning Do not plug a phone jack connector in the RJ 45 port This may damage this device Les raccordeurs ne sont pas utilis pour le syst me t l phonique D 2 Regulatory Standards Complianc
17. quired ports Use 1000 straight through cable for all standard connections Use Category 5 cable for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet connec tions or Category 3 4 or 5 cable for standard 10 Mbps Ethernet connections 2 Make sure all devices are connected to the network Equipment may have been unintentionally disconnected from the network 3 When cascading two devices using RJ 45 station ports at both ends of the cable i e not an MDI port make sure a crossover cable is used Crossover cable should only be used if a daisy chain port i e Ports 8 10 or 16 18 is not available External Adapters Make sure the network interface hardware and software drivers for the attached devices are functioning properly Check the adapter cards and associated drivers used in any attached workstation or server Physical Configuration System Integrity If problems occur after altering the network configuration restore the original connections and try to track the problem down by implementing the new changes one step at a time Ensure that cable distances and other physical aspects of the installation comply with recommendations Chapter 2 As a last resort verify the switch s integrity with a power on reset Turn the power to the switch off and then on several times If the problem still persists and you have completed all the preceding diagnoses then contact your Accton distributor for further assistance Refer to Appendix E Troubleshoo
18. ranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights which vary from state to state All parts or components contained in this product are covered by Accton s Limited Lifetime Warranty for this product The product may contain fully tested recycled parts warranted as if new For warranty information All territories except North and South America Accton Technology Corporation International Headquarters No 1 Creation Rd IH Science based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300 Taiwan R O C Phone 886 3 5770 270 Fax 886 3 5770 267 BBS 886 3 5770 654 North and South America Accton Technology Corporation USA Headquarters 1962 Zanker Road San Jose CA 95112 U S A Phone 408 452 8900 Fax 408 452 8988 BBS 408 452 8828 E 4 Product Support Services CheetahSwitch User s Guide Accton Offices Accton Technology Corporation International Headquarters No 1 Creation Rd III Science based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300 Taiwan R O C Hsinchu Phone 886 3 5770 270 Fax 886 3 5770 267 886 3 5775 541 BBS 886 3 5770 654 Taipei Phone 886 2 577 1220 to 9 Fax 886 2 577 0816 Accton USA 1962 Zanker Road San Jose CA 95112 USA Phone 408 452 8900 408 452 8080 Fax 408 452 8988 BBS 408 452 8828 FAST FAX 408 452 8811 Accton UK The Mill Horton Road Stanwell Moor Staines Middx TW196BJ United Kingdom Phone 44 1753 687677 44 1753 680109 Fax 44 1753 689010 Ordering Information e
19. the RMA number on the carton and send it to your dealer After repair Accton will inform you of the date of delivery and the exact amount due Please send the payment by T T Telegram Transfer and Accton will send you the fixed component after receiving payment With or without warranty if the hardware is found to be free of defects you will only be charged for testing and handling Product Support Services E 1 CheetahSwitch User s Guide Bulletin Board Service BBS e In countries other than the U S call 886 3 5770 654 to reach Accton Taiwan s modem line Modems with 14400 through 2400 baud are supported Choose 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity Standard VT100 terminal emulation is supported e Inthe United States call 408 452 8828 to reach the Accton USA s BBS line Modems with 14400 through 2400 baud are supported Choose 8 data bits 1 stop bit and none parity Standard VT100 terminal emulation is supported Interactive Fast Fax U S A Office Printed technical documentation can be faxed to your fax machine 24 hours a day e Call 408 452 8811 to reach Accton s interactive Fast Fax service You will need a touch tone phone and a fax machine or equivalent Choose document 911 for a listing of technical bulletins Technical Support Your dealer or installer is the person who understands your network and Accton units If neither is available to help you Accton technical support engineers are availa
20. ting A 3 Appendix B Port and Cable Assignments RJ 45 Port RJ 45 station ports MDI X can be attached to any devices which use a standard network interface e g a workstation server bridge or router RJ 45 daisy chain ports MDI can be cascaded to a station port on similar networking devices e g another switch or hub Use unshielded twisted pair UTP or shielded twisted pair STP cable for RJ 45 connections 1000 Figure B 1 Category 3 4 or 5 cable for 10 Mbps connections or 100 RJ 45 Connector Category 5 cable for 100 Mbps connections Also be sure that on the Switch Side the length of any twisted pair connection does not exceed 100 meters 328 feet IND IM Station Ports 1 10 16 Daisy Chain Ports 8 10 amp 16 18 1 Input Receive Data Output Transmit Data 2 Input Receive Data Output Transmit Data 3 Output Transmit Data Input Receive Data 6 Output Transmit Data Input Receive Data 4 5 7 8 NotUsed Not Used 1 Applies to Ports 8 10 and 16 18 when Daisy Chain switch is setto MDI X 2 Applies to Ports 8 10 and 16 18 when Daisy Chain switch is setto MDI Table B 1 RJ 45 Pin Assignments Schematics for both straight and crossover twisted pair cable are shown below Straight Through Crossover Switch Adapter Switch Switch 1 IRD 1 OTD 1 IRD IRD 2 IRD 2 OTD 2 IRD 2 IRD 3 OTD 3 IRD 3 OTD 3 OTD
21. twork LAN A group of interconnected computers and support devices Media Access Control MAC A portion of the networking protocol that governs access to the transmission medium facilitating the exchange of data between network nodes MDI Port Medium Dependent Interface MDI is the IEEE standard for the twisted pair interface to IOBASE T or 100BASE TX This RJ 45 port can be used with straight through cable to connect the switch to a network interconnection device such as another switch or hub Pin out assignments are shown in Appendix B 2 Glossary CheetahSwitch User s Guide MDI X Port Medium Dependent Interface Crossed This RJ 45 port which crosses the receive and transmit signals internally can be used with straight through cable to connect the switch to any device that has a standard network interface e g workstation server bridge or router Pin out assignments are shown in Appendix B RJ 45 Connector Most common terminator for twisted pair wiring Star Topology Physical connections for RJ 45 ports are limited to a star configuration i e similar to a hub and spoke arrangement This topology also requires that only one path exists between any two nodes and that data transmitted by any node is concurrently available to all other devices within the same segment i e immediate collision domain Station Port MDI X ports which are used for connecting the switch to any workstation or server th
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