calculating safety outcomes for road projects
Contents
1. Un g drop down box to sele ct treatm ent TE Or Enter i apil Treatm ow ia the project consistent with the existing road se the wanations according sardards Inthe ddinamior Es pbe Izshere posmai confiaion te divers ca ny other matter which may have z bearing on anfety Page 4 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 1 3 When is the Worksheet required The Safety Outcomes Worksheet is required for all proposed road work projects except major projects as described below For some projects it may be necessary to prepare more than one Worksheet For example if the speed limit changes along the length of the project site a separate worksheet may be needed for each speed limit However if the speed limit changes but stays within one of the defined ranges a separate sheet is not necessary The three defined ranges are lt 60km h 70km h or 80km h and 2 90km h If the speed limit changes but stays within one of these ranges there is no need to prepare a separate sheet Major projects This assessment method is not intended for application to major projects where the road is replaced or completely altered As the methods of assessing these projects have not yet been reviewed please continue using current methods2. Direction of travel of Select the direction of travel of the key vehicle from the list displayed Traffic Unit 1 Targeted Crash For each crash and for each treatment select Yes or No to indicate Treatment whether the crash is a targeted crash for the treatment Annual Reduction No entry is required in these columns They are results columns which Value are automatically updated when the calculation is complete They indicate the contribution made by the crash to the value of the safety Annual Cost Value benefit and crash cost of the treatment s Page 14 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 3 Output The Worksheet output is shown in the Results 7 discount rate Willingness To Pay section of the Worksheet as shown in the example below with 30 ye ar set perio od Total Discounted Benefits S 1 3 003 616 T ror on ed Benefits 130 year set period 3 003 616 nd three j one for Ferre LE z Calculation completed The results include e Benefit cost ratios BCRs and a cost effectiveness ratio CER These ratios apply to safety benefits only and are most relevant to safety projects such as black spot projects e An index of serious casualties that are expected to be prevented by the project Even for projects where safety is not the over riding aim the index provides an indication of the safety impact of the project These outputs provide the basis for a comparison between proje
3. WH NSW GOVERNME Transport Centre for Road Safety CALCULATING SAFETY OUTCOMES FOR ROAD PROJECTS User Manual MAY 2012 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Page 2 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Contents 1 NUP OOU CUO MN SRE Re 4 1 1 BACKOTOUNES LR n a tien barddeouinatasetnia 4 Nil OV ME N ES ES RU RS nd RS Ne nc A ee dien a tdi tin 4 1 3 When is the Worksheet required Vs 5 1 4 How the Safety Outcomes Worksheet functions 5 2 USingitne Worksheets a AA 6 2 1 MTOdUCUOM aa ln na RL E 6 2 2 Entenng Ne data he ut a ae 6 2 3 Projec DAS An ee a a aa ai noi T DAs CONAC aneen ia anata eee ova N 8 2 5 COCA ON A a eet ere heer rime err mre ree 8 210 PRE ALMCNUG site ce tien wane name en tienne one 10 2 7 R d Safety CONSIT rAIONS susie least en Ne ne 12 2 8 How does this project address the key risk factors cceccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 12 29 HO N ONAN TAS SSSR a crate cams es eases esac eames oust nm dense 13 2 TOC TAS AAA M nd RE en aident tes ct Nine 14 3 0 9 0 Re 15 4 Combining BCRs from separate Worksheets 16 5 Non symmetrical treatMent ccccccscceseeeseesseeeseeeseeenseoeseeesseoeseeeaeees 17 5 1 Shoulder treatments Treatments 64 to 69 17 5 2 Roadside safety barrier treatments Treatments 85 to 88 17 5 3 Clearzone treatments Treatments 90 to 92 18 5 4 EXAMIDISS RS nn
4. Shoulders Curves Roadside Objects Intersections Vulnerable Road users Pedestrians Cyclists What existing crash types does this project address What delineation will be installed Any other matter which may have a bearing on safety 2 9 Other Comments Description Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to skid resistance Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to night time off road crashes Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to road shoulders Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to road curves Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to roadside objects Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to intersections Type the details of the way the treatment is expected to address the crash risk related to vulnerable road users Type the RUM codes for the types of crashes the treatment is expected to address If applicable type the details of the proposed delineation scheme If applicable type the details of any other road safety matter not dealt with above Type any other details as required in the Other Comments field Page 13 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 2 10 Crash data In
5. This section is relevant to RMS users only A separate lookup sheet the Lookup BCR Inout Worksheet is available for Local Government users 6 1 Introduction Crash history information is available from CrashLink A special CrashLink standard report CBA01 Crash History has been designed to provide the information required to complete the Worksheet Prerequisite CrashLink training and experience using CrashLink 6 2 CBA01 Crash History report It is most important to ensure that the CrashLink report relates to the proposed project site Therefore when using CrashLink choose the relevant road length with care From the Crash amp Casualty Summaries list select the CrashLink standard report CBAO1 Crash History as shown below gt General Parameters Home gt gt Standard Reports gt gt Report Groups gt gt Reports gt Query Tool i gt Load CrashiD List Favourites gt Favourites O BCR01 Brief Crash Report gt Standard Reports C BCR02 Brief Crash Report sorted Group Name Crash amp Casualty Summaries gt Report Library Search Tool CBA01 Crash History gt Report Monitoring gt Batch gt ODBC Maintenance gt Logout CCYU1 Crashes and casualties by year of crash CDLO01 Casualty Description Report CQS01 Crashes by quarter DCRO1 Detailed Crash Report DCRO2 Detailed Crash Report sorted FBM01 Factors by month REG01 Summary Crash Report GE EE iss Bis ES REG02 Crash Movement Summary CrashLink
6. confusion to appropriate considering the function drivers and conditions of the road 2 8 How does this project address the key risk factors This section shown below provides an explanation of the way in which the proposed treatments address the risk factors at delineation wil be inate led l Suny other matter which may heve a bearing on misty Targeted crashes Refer to the Annual Reduction Value column under Targeted Crash Unless the reduction value for a crash is zero an explanation of how the proposed treatment targets that type of crash is required For some treatments a crash analysis including a diagram is required to specify the crashes that are targeted For example the closure of one arm of a cross intersection reduces the need for some road crossings and may prevent some pedestrian crashes associated with those movements but not other pedestrian crashes Refer to the Accident Reduction Guide TD 2004 RS01 maintained by Transport for NSW and its agencies for further assistance Crashes that are not targeted crashes for the treatment do not need explanation Page 12 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Follow the instructions below to complete these fields in relation to the crash history of the site Enter details of the way in which the proposed treatment s are expected to address the crash risk related to the listed factors Field Skid Resistance Night Time Off Road Crashes
7. for major projects 1 4 How the Safety Outcomes Worksheet functions Follow the instruction below to enter the data The Worksheet then performs the applicable calculations and provides information about the safety implications of the proposed project You do not need to be familiar with the details of the calculations but some appreciation of the method will assist you in understanding the process and the results A brief explanation is provided below Achieving safer roads means preventing fatalities and serious injuries The method used by the Worksheet estimates the number of likely crashes at the site with a weighting for crashes that are likely to be more severe The likely severity of future crashes at the site is estimated from the characteristics of the crashes that have occurred there in the past Important characteristics that are taken into account include crash type the speed limit the time of day of the crash and the part of the state in which it occurred The proposed work is described in terms of the treatment type or a set of treatment types Each treatment type is associated with an expected proportional reduction in the likelihood or severity of particular types of crashes Treatment types are listed in the Excel Workbook in the Reductions Worksheet The method used by the Worksheet compares the expected number of fatalities serious injuries other injuries and non injury crashes in the future with and without the p
8. produces the Crash History report which provides the required details in MS Excel format as shown in the following example P 1 Paget T Crash History J Duta Crank He RUM Code AUM Dederigtios Tres cf Locion Surfete Cond Maursi Lighting Mo Killers ie equred Ray Dir Rssd ChiaMeanen Juste Cr Siren Type DEST a Din idisti Feature 10 IO Type Tamer q PD 4 ipea E oF i G i Eau EET Ta i i tar EE Poe LATEN Page 20 of 20
9. S projects only type the Roadloc reference This field is automatically completed with data from the Nominations form This field is automatically completed with data from the Nominations form This field is automatically completed with data from the Nominations form Select the local government area LGA for the project site from the drop down list If the site is located in more than one LGA select the LGA in which most of the project site is located If most of the project site is not located in one LGA select one of the LGAs This input is used in the calculations Select the road classification from the drop down list This is the classification used in RMS CrashLink where it is called Road classification legal This input is used in the calculations Select the speed limit which is currently applicable at the project site from the drop down list For a variable speed limit select the speed limit that usually applies If the project site is located on a length of road with more than one speed limit a separate sheet may be required for the different speeds limits However if the speed limit changes but remains within a defined range lt 60km h 70km h or 80km h and 2 90km h select the most common speed limit A separate sheet is not necessary This input is used in the calculations Page 9 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 2 6 Treatments Treatment types A project is described i
10. cts and potential projects Refer to the following table for details Page 15 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Output BCR BCR with 30 year set period Cost effectiveness with 30 year set period Total Discounted Benefits Total Discounted Benefits with 30 year set period Total Discounted Cost Total Discounted Cost with 30 year set period Net Present Value Net Present Value with 30 year set period Road Safety Impact Index serious casualties prevented for the project life Sensitivity Index Explanation This BCR is based on the stated project life This BCR is based on a 30 year project life For a project with a life shorter than 30 years the calculation is based on the hypothesis that the project is repeated at the end of its life For the cost effectiveness ratio an estimate of fatalities that are expected to be prevented is used as the numerator The denominator is the same as that used for the 30 year BCR The ratio is scaled up because usually less than one fatality is expected to be prevented by any one project The total discounted crash savings for the longest project life The total discounted crash savings for a 30 year project life Fora project with a life shorter than 30 years the calculation is based on the hypothesis that the project is repeated at the end of its life The total discounted cost for the longest project life Th
11. down list OR type the Treatment number Page 10 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Follow the instructions below to complete the Treatments fields Field Using drop down box to select treatment Or Enter Treatment No Capital Cost Annual Maintenance Project Life Description Select the treatment type from the list displayed as shown below 082 Install wire rope barrier on median nr sh no existing barrie 2 C 055 Install profile audio tactile edge Line 083 Install concrete barrier on median from no existing barrier 084 Replace w beam or concrete barrier on median with wire r fas Install curve alignment markers CAMs 085 Install wire rope barrier on roadside from no existing barr 086 Install concrete barrier on roadside from no existing barrie ET 087 Install w beam barrier on roadside from no existing barrie j De 4 _ 088 Replace w beam or concrete eg a on roadside with wire gible poles slip b This input is used in the calculations Or type the treatment number as shown below 085 Install wire rope barrier on roadside from no existing barrier rs a Bis c This input is used in the n Type the cost of doing the work for the proposed treatment This input is used in the calculations Type the expected cost of maintaining the project work each year There is not always a maintenance cost for the work For example the project may be a maintena
12. e Workbook in the Worksheet called Life amp maintenance This input is used in the calculations Page 7 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 2 4 Contact The Contact fields shown below provide the contact details for the project Contact Person Telephone Email Follow these instructions to enter the Contact details Field Description Contact Person This field is automatically completed with data from the Nomination form Telephone This field is automatically completed with data from the Nomination form Email This field is automatically completed with data from the Nomination form 2 5 Location Data The Location Data fields shown below provide details of the project location Length of Works km GPS Coords Start X Y GPS Coords End X Y Snowy River Road Classification Other classified road Current speed limit km h 80 Page 8 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Follow these instructions to enter the Location Data Field Region Road Name Suburb Roadloc RMS only Length of Works km GPS Coords Start X Y GPS Coords End X Y Local Govt Area Road Classification Current speed limit km h Description This field is automatically completed based on the LGA entered This field is automatically completed with data from the Nominations form This field is automatically completed with data from the Nominations form For RM
13. e required to enter the data Type the data for these fields Page 6 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 2 3 Project Data The Project Data fields shown below identify the project and provide basic project information about it Program Position For RMS internal use only Program Description For RMS internal use only Project Number For RMS internal use only Project Description For RMS internal use only Total Capital Cost Total Annual maintenance cost Follow these instructions to enter the Project Data Field Description Program Position For RMS projects only type the program position for RMS internal use only Program Description For RMS projects only type a description of the program for RMS internal use only Project Number For RMS projects only type the project number for RMS internal use only Project Description For RMS projects only type a brief description of the project including for RMS internal use only sufficient information to explain the proposed work Total Capital Cost This field is automatically completed This input is used in the calculations Total Annual This field is automatically completed Maintenance Cost There may not be a maintenance cost for the work For example the project may be a maintenance project or it may be a short life project Suggested project lives and maintenance costs related to treatment types are provided in th
14. e total discounted cost for a 30 year project life The difference between the total discounted benefits and the total discounted costs The difference between the total discounted benefits with 30 year set period and the total discounted costs with 30 year set period An estimate of the effect of the project on serious casualties It is scaled up because often only a fraction of a serious casualty is the estimated effect of a single project An index is sufficient because the main concern is an understanding of the relativity between projects This is the sum of 90 Road Safety Impact Index and 10 BCR 4 Combining BCRs from separate Worksheets It may be necessary to combine BCRs from two or more Worksheets for example where a length of road has more than one speed limit In this case complete a separate Worksheet for each speed category To combine the BCRs divide the sum of Total Discounted Benefits by the sum of Total Discounted Costs as shown below gt Total _ Discounted _ Benefits 3 Total _ Discounted _ Cost Page 16 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 5 Non symmetrical treatments Treatments are not always the same for both sides of the road For example e the treatment might consist of shoulder widening and the provision of a clear zone on one side of the road and the installation of a safety barrier on the other e atreatment is proposed for one side of the road and no treatment is proposed fo
15. eet in the Workbook Treatment 84 installing wire rope in place of w beam or concrete includes an effect for out of control on bend crashes RUM 88 This is meant to reflect a delineation effect If wire rope is installed on a bend on only one side of the road this is almost always on the outside of the bend The delineation effect applies to vehicles from either direction and therefore any out of control on bend crash is a target crash If the wire rope is proposed for the inside of the bend only out of control on bend crashes are not a target for the treatment The key vehicle is Traffic Unit 1 TU 1 in CrashLink data Traffic Unit 1 s direction of travel is available in CrashLink data in standard report CBA 01 Crash History Report Page 17 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 5 3 Clearzone treatments Treatments 90 to 92 Treatments 90 and 91 These treatments only relate to off road crashes Target crashes are identified in the same way as for roadside crash barriers as follows e off left crashes are targets if the proposed treatment is to be on the key vehicle s left e off right crashes are targets if the treatment is to be on the key vehicle s right Treatment 92 This treatment involves the installation of a full width traversable clear zone Treatment 92 differs from the other clear zone treatments because it includes reductions for two non off road crash types out of control on straight and out of cont
16. n terms of the proposed treatment type or a set of treatment types You can select up to six treatment types although one often provides an adequate description The list of treatment types includes notes on the treatments which indicate the limitations on the target crashes that they address for example Treatment 61 Install street lighting is only applicable to night time crashes Some treatment types are suitable only for lower speed areas while others are suitable only for higher speed areas This is noted in the list of treatments If you select a treatment that is unsuitable based on the speed limit at the site an error message is displayed under Results in the Worksheet All the treatment types entered in the Worksheet must be from the list of treatment types shown in the Reductions Worksheet in the Workbook Project Life The Worksheet takes the life of the project into account This may not be the same for all proposed treatments involved in the project The Worksheet automatically calculates the capital cost and maintenance cost of re constructing the project with the shorter project life and includes these costs in the BCR calculation Entering the data The Treatments fields shown below provide details of the proposed treatment s PEER OrEnter Using drop down boo to select treatm ent Treatment a oo ice Capital Gost se ae See Here Miintenance Project life You can select the type of treatment from the drop
17. nce project or a short life project Refer to the Life amp maintenance Worksheet in the Workbook for suggested project life and maintenance costs related to treatment types This input is used in the calculations Type the number of years expected for the life of the project if it is maintained at the specified annual maintenance cost Refer to the Life amp maintenance Worksheet for suggested project life and maintenance costs related to treatment types This input is used in the calculations Page 11 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 2 7 Road Safety Considerations This section shown below is concerned with the road safety implications of the proposed projects It helps in considering relevant aspects of the road safety of the road ow inthe project conintent with the exiting road cg be Fe ere according te ravimit ire dremeo Refer to the Worksheet for examples of considerations and specific questions to address to assist in identifying issues The relevance of the questions and the availability of information to answer them varies from project to project Follow the instructions below to complete this field in relation to the crash history of the site Field Description How is the project consistent with the existing road Type an explanation of the way in which eg Are the transitions according to standards is the the proposed treatment s are delineation compatible is there potential
18. ond Seat ons dd dt es dune 18 6 CraSnlink reports aaaea aia 20 6 1 IOTOdUCUO cina R 20 6 2 CBA01 Crash History TEDOM ie ancien idee 20 Page 3 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 1 Introduction 1 1 Background Under the principle of mainstreaming road safety in the RMS any business area that can influence road safety outcomes has accountability for road safety Road safety accountability is not limited to road safety managers Assessments of the likely road safety outcomes of proposed projects can assist project proponents to address road safety accountabilities The preparation of road safety impact statements ensures that the assessment process is addressed and the impact statement provides information for decision making The process of assessing impacts will result in an improvement to road safety if the resulting information is considered in the selection of projects and decisions about works to be included 1 2 Overview A Microsoft Excel Worksheet the Safety Outcomes Worksheet has been designed to perform the required calculations and provide an estimate of the safety impact of proposed road projects This document is intended to provide instructions for using the Worksheet shown below ROAD PROJECTS SAFETY BENEFITS AND IMPACTS CALCULATION MODEL VERSION 2 0 19 19 APRIL 2012 ate DIV
19. r the other side This applies to treatments such as shoulders safety barriers clear zones and intersections For non symmetrical treatments it is necessary to e identify target crashes for each treatment on each side of the road e indicate for each crash in the crash history and for each treatment type in the proposed project whether the crash is a target crash for that treatment Refer to the following descriptions to identify target crashes for other non symmetrical roadside treatments 5 1 Shoulder treatments Treatments 64 to 69 Target crashes for shoulder treatments are crashes in which the key vehicle was travelling in the direction where the proposed shoulder treatment was on its left Crashes in which the key vehicle was travelling in the opposite direction are not target crashes for these treatments 5 2 Roadside safety barrier treatments Treatments 85 to 88 Target crashes for roadside safety barriers are mainly off road crashes If the crash type is off road to the left RUMs 70 71 80 81 86 or 87 the crash is a target crash if the key vehicle was travelling in the direction where the proposed barrier treatment was on its left If the crash type is off road to the right RUMs 72 73 82 83 84 or 85 the crash is a target crash if the key vehicle was travelling in the direction where the proposed barrier treatment was on its right In the Crash Treatments and Reduction Rates matrix the Reductions Worksh
20. rol on bend RUMs 74 and 88 Crashes of these types are only target crashes for this treatment of the key vehicle was travelling in the direction where the proposed clear zone treatment on its left RUMs are not target crashes for this treatment if the key vehicle was travelling in the opposite direction Off road crashes are identified as targets for Treatment 92 in the same way as other clear zone and barrier treatments 5 4 Examples It is proposed to e install a sealed shoulder and clear zone on one side of a two lane road that is to the left of the westbound lane e install a roadside safety barrier on the opposite side of the road that is to the left of the eastbound lane e install a median The following table shows the crash types and the key vehicle s direction of travel for this example Note Real cases will not be limited to the crash types or treatments given in this example Each real case must be considered in detail Page 18 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects Table 1 Examples of target crashes for non symmetrical treatments Crash Type Key Treatment Target Yes No RUM Description VENICIE Barrier Median direction No eastbound side No 71 Off left into East No No Yes object 71 Off left into Yes object 73 Off right into East No Yes No Yes object 73 Off right into No Yes Yes object Page 19 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 6 CrashLink report
21. roposed work The comparison is then used to estimate the safety benefits of the work Page 5 of 20 Calculating safety outcomes for road projects 2 Using the Worksheet 2 1 Introduction Follow the instructions below to enter the data under the following headings e Project data e Contact e Location data e Treatments e Road safety considerations e Other comments e Crash data 2 2 Entering the data For some data fields a drop down list is provided while in others you are required to enter the data Selecting data from a drop down list In a field where a drop down list is provided it is essential to use it Select the required data from the list as shown in the following example Surface condition Head on 2 Way undivided Dry RUM Description Type of location Object on road Single limited access Off tiit bnd gt obj ee nee The input provided by fields with drop down lists is used for calculations Therefore the data must be in a format that can be recognised by the Worksheet Data entered in any other format is not recognised by the Worksheet If you type data in the wrong format in a field with a drop down list an error message is displayed as shown below RUM Description Head on Out of control otake Object on road Off ift Ift bnd gt obj x Please choose from drop down list Off Ift Ift bnd gt obj cancel i Cancel Off rt Ift bnd obj Typing data In some fields you ar
22. troduction The crash history of the site is an important element which is used by the Worksheet when calculating the likely severity of crashes and the safety effectiveness and relevance of the proposed works The Crash Data fields are shown below Natural N Direction of Lighting 3 travel of Traffic Unit I 537117 Head on 2 Way undivided Daylighe East CrashiID 626895 Out of control otake 2 Way undivided Daylight West 71 428 541384 Object on road 2 Way undivided Daylight North 27 566 544956 Off Ifv Ift bnd gt obj 2 Way undivided Daylight West 28 736 1 07 2006 Off Ifv ift bnd gt 0bj 2 Way undivided Darkness South 53 233 21 08 2010 Off rvift bnd gt obj 2 Way undivided ywn South 49 B 997 Follow the instructions to enter the details for each crash at the project site in the Crash Data columns Column Description Date Type the date of the crash Crash ID Type the crash identification number RUM code Type the Road User Movement RUM code for the crash RUM Description This field is automatically completed based on the RUM code entered Type of location Select the type of location of the crash from the list displayed Surface condition Select the surface condition for the crash from the list displayed Natural lighting Select the lighting for the crash from the list displayed Number killed Type the number of people killed in the crash Number injured Type the number of people injured in the crash
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