KxGenerator User's manual
Contents
1. 454 pue jo sanjeA 00 2T 04 8 05 5 occ 00 0 774741 88 8 6T 0 09 0 805 ge 888 EEZ ST gu 1 988 THO 6T THO GT 92211 0575 00 oct 00 0 Z H 8 H v c ead T z JD pue o buipuodsa 05 rag pue AJepunog 0 0 o o 08 0 08 0 511 888 THO 6T Ops ZT H ea seyap uonejnoje Bi Table Soil parameters 2 m bgl ordinate of the soil stratum bottom Soil type type of the soil stratum H m thickness of the soil stratum ID IL soil density index soil liquidity index y KN m3 effective unit weight of soil unit weight of submerged soil 9 friction angle of soil 6 9 pile soil friction angle c kPa cohesion of soil EO MPa initial deformation modulus E ai v Poisson s ratio Mo oedometer modulus Eos Sn coefficient for method of pile embedment coefficient for the long lasting or cyclic loads effect Zc m critical height of soil stratum the thickness of soil stratum when the maximum horizontal soil stiffness is mobilized Hz m equivalent height of soil stratum Hm m bgl depth of mobilisation the maximum horizontal soil stiffness Kx kPa mod2. Kosecki s proposal Statyka ustroj w palowych Zasady obliczania konstrukcji palowych metod uog lnion Szczecin 2006 2 TERMINOLOGY The following terms have been used in the further part of the manual program KxGenerator version 2 5 general method Statyka ustroj w palowych Zasady obliczania konstrukcji palowych metod uog lnion Kosecki M Szczecin 2006 comments to the method Obliczenia statyczne fundament w palowych Seminarium Zagadnienia posadowie na fundamentach palowych Krasi ski A Gda sk 25 czerwca 2004 3 APPLICATION USAGE The program has been designed to calculate the horizontal stiffness of soil together with the influence of foundation piles The program generates a structure of horizontal spring supports arranged along the axis of each pile and allows making calculations for the pile foundation These calculations include the natural influence of both the springy and plastic co operation between piles and soil The program performs calculations in accordance with the M Kosecki s general method and A Krasinski s comments to the method The program calculates the evenly distributed horizontal stiffness of soil and maximum horizontal soil resistance The pile division into elements of any length allows determining the value of the spring supports in particular nodes as well as their correspondent maximum horizontal soil responses Once the horizontal spring supports is determine
3. and insert the copied contents use keys Ctrl V K Geotechnical profile Creating geotechnical profile in AutoCad The script of geotechnical profile for AutoCad was created Sequence of command lines was saved to the dipboard SEM Layout Layout2 Regenerating model AutoCAD Express Tools Copyright 2002 2004 Autodesk Inc AutoCAD menu utilities loaded Command Run the AutoCad and next paste created script into command line Place the cursor on the command line and press keys Ctrl V Don t show this message again this window won t be displayed in future Close Export to ABT gt export of data to ABT module The user needs to establish the reduction of horizontal stiffness for all piles in foundation and next export results to the ABT module Results exporting to ABT Data export Depending on the pile location and direction of horizontal load the reduction of horizontal stiffness of pile to basic value is minimum stiffness of pile 0 76 kz maximum stiffness of pile 1 00 kz Established reduction of horizontal stiffness of all piles for further calculations Minimum Maximum Average Other Export results Close program after results exporting The author of the program December 2011r Jakub Roch Kowalski MSc
4. default coefficient values of cohesive and non cohesive soil Temporary construction define the use of the pile foundation If the foundation is a temporary construction the default value of the coefficient for long lasting or cyclic loads effect is 1 00 Otherwise the coefficient is applied according to the Kosecki s recommendation Pile diameter pile width for piles with a circular cross section the pile diameter should be provided for piles with a square cross section the breadth of the pile side width should be defined Pile length define the pile length measured from the foundation bottom to the pile base Ordinate of foundation bottom define the ordinate of foundation bottom Node spacing along pile axis define the distance between adjoining nodes of the spring supports and the maximum horizontal soil response that shall be placed along the pile axis The default value of the node spacing is 0 50m Estimated pile bearing capacity define estimated approximated pile bearing capacity Estimated pile settlement define estimated approximated pile settlement The program automatically generates approximated pile settlement as product of 0 01 x D D pile diameter pile width The user can freely modify default value of pile settlement 5 CALCULATION PARAMETERS CALCULATION TAB Soil and pile parameters once the following parameters have been defined in the tab Data the soil type density liq
5. module of horizontal stiffness of soil Kx The program additionally defines the values of the springy horizontal support in nodes arranged along the pile axis Further calculation of the pile foundation applies programs that are based on bars models modelling of the subsoil with the use of spring supports The value of the module of horizontal stiffness of soil Kx ng n n S E 6 2 MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL SOIL RESPONSE In this calculation the value of the maximum horizontal soil resistance needs to be specified Additionally the program indicates the value of the maximum horizontal soil response in nodes arranged along the pile axis The mentioned calculations allow for a simulation of soil liquidity once the maximum horizontal soil resistance is exceeded The value of the maximum horizontal soil response Qr m S n n n D do Kec where no corrective coefficient for the effect of pile diameter ni coefficient for the spacing of piles in a group arranged in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal load na coefficient for the spacing of piles in a group arranged in the plane parallel to the direction of the horizontal load ns coefficient reflecting the spatial feature of the effect of the horizontal soil resistance it is conditioned upon the shape of the pile cross section Sn coefficient for the method of the pile embedment the disturbance of the soil structure during t
6. pile arrangement in the designed foundation The so called representative scheme consists of 9 characteristic piles numbered from 1 to 9 Each number stands for a specific pile corner edge and central look pts 7 1 7 4 The actual design of pile foundation may include more or fewer piles than 9 The program does calculation for 4 directions of the horizontal load as well as for each pile separately from 1 9 which felicitates the process of designing the foundation Pile foundation schema Symbols of the 4 possible Columns of ples horizontal load directions Rows of piles yl Shape of pile cross section Square cross section 1 2 Round cross section Secant pile wall or sheet pile wall Coeffident y2 Coefficient n3 The description of piles in the scheme of the pile foundation Pile 5 The pile is located in the inner row and the inner column of piles The pile No 5 is surrounded by piles from the adjoining rows and adjoining columns the central pile of the pile group Piles 2 and8 The piles are located in the inner column and the outermost row of piles The piles No 2 and 8 are surrounded by piles from adjoining columns and are located in the outermost row of the pile group Piles 4 and6 The piles are located in the inner row and the outermost column of piles The piles No 4 and 6 are surrounded by piles from adjoining rows and are located in the outermost column of the pile group P
7. 0 01 x pile diameter E Temporary construction Type of pile the type of the pile must be defined The program allows choosing the following foundation piles from the list user s pile all methods of pile embedment are available precast concrete pile Steel hollow section pile closed base Steel hollow section pile open base rotary bored pile rotary bored pile base injected Vibro Vibrex Franki CFA Atlas Omega Tubex Small diameter grout or concrete injected Method of pile embedment the method of pile embedment should be defined in case one chose the following positions from the above list user pile precast pile concrete made from steel sections or bored pile The method of pile embedment for the remaining piles has been automatically defined by the proper type of pile e g pile CFA bored ATLAS driven etc The program allows choosing the following methods of pile embedment of the foundation piles driven pile vibration driven pile water jet driven last 1m hammer driven cast in place support fluid cast in place casing extracted cast in place casing left in place cast in place casing rotary extracted cast in place rotary suction with water jet The value of the pile soil friction angle define the friction angle towards the pile and soil with reference to the soil friction angle There is a possibility to modify the
8. KxGenerator version 2 5 User s manual TABLE OF CONTENTS DOT INTRODUCTION nm mr ree re Fert t Pe Pk n eh i FU EROR De E 3 TERMINOLOGY 3 APPLICATION USAGE i re e opea eco waited scant 3 ENTRY DATA FAB re re ent tr ep nt che ovat n d eR a refe 4 CALCULATION PARAMETERS CALCULATION emen 8 RULES FOR CALCULATING THE STIFFNESS OF THE PILE AND THE MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL SOIL RESPONSE 5 0 irt o e tton FER RR 11 6 1 STIFFNESS OF o E D ug o e Endet alk doe pues 11 6 2 MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL SOIL RESPONGE seseseeeeeeeeneeeneemtreenrenns 11 VALUE OF THE ni AND n2 COEFFICIENTS DEPENDING ON THE LOCATION OF THE PILE IN FOUNDATION pte 13 7 1 PILE LOCATED IN THE INNER ROW AND INNER COLUMN OF PILES 13 7 2 PILE LOCATED INSIDE THE OUTERMOST ROW OR OUTERMOST COLUMN HE 15 7 3 PILE LOCATED IN THE OUTERMOST ROW AND OUTERMOST COLUMN OF PILES 16 7 4 SECANT PILE WALL OR SHEET PILE WALL eeeeen 17 CALCULATION RESULTS RESULTS TAB esee enne 18 1 INTRODUCTION The KxGenerator application version 2 5 has been designed to enable the user to calculate the features of the horizontal co operation of any subsoil with pile foundation according to the M
9. No node number Z m bgl ordinate of the node below ground level kx kN m basic value of the springy support excluding the reduction in stiffness on account of the arrangement and spacing of piles the product of the coefficients n1 n2 1 00 basic value of the maximum horizontal soil response excluding the reduction in Rgr kN stiffness on account of the arrangement and spacing of piles the product of the coefficients ni n2 1 00 kx5 x1 kN m kx5 x2 kN m kx5_y1 kN m kx5_y2 kN m Rgr5 x1 kN m Rgr5 x2 kN m Rgr5 y1 kN m Rgr5 y2 kN m Results Results value of the spring support of the pile No 5 for direction x4 of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the spring support of the pile No 5 for direction x2 of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the spring support of the pile No 5 for direction of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the spring support of the pile No 5 for direction y2 of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the maximum horizontal soil response of the pile No 5 for direction x4 of the horizontal load including the probable reduct
10. al load effect is R2a and R2b The program calculates the value of n2 coefficient on the basis of the axial spacing of piles that limit the stiffness of the pile i e piles located in front of the discussed pile in accordance with the direction of the horizontal load Therefore the calculation of the n2 coefficient for the pile No 5 including the direction of the horizontal load and depending on the R2b spacing is performed in accordance with the following formulas 1 B R2b D 1 8 1 5 D 0 5 1 B R2b D 1 8 D 1 0 1 0 for D 1 0m piles B lt 1 0 for D 1 0m piles 7 2 PILE LOCATED INSIDE THE OUTERMOST ROW OR OUTERMOST COLUMN OF PILES In the scheme of pile foundation these are piles No 2 4 6 and 8 They are surrounded by piles of the adjoining rows or columns so called the edge piles of the pile group The values of coefficients and n2 for the pile No 6 are presented below the same rule applies as to the calculation of coefficients for piles No 2 4 and 8 Ria direction of horizontal load Rib R2a R2b In its simplest form the formula for n1 coefficient equals n 02 04 10 The edge pile of the pile group No 6 as presented in the picture is surrounded by adjoining piles and their axial pile spacing in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal load is R1a and Rib The program allows entering different values for the spacing o
11. at allows modifying the stiffness of piles depending on the location of the pile in foundation different values of n1 and n2 coefficients are available The description of the proper way of defining the coefficient values for specific piles is described in the further part of the manual 7 1 PILE LOCATED IN THE INNER ROW AND INNER COLUMN OF PILES It is the pile No 5 in the scheme of pile foundation which is surrounded by piles from the adjoining rows and columns so called the central pile of the pile group Rla direction of horizontal load Rib R2a R2b In its simplest form the formula for n1 coefficient equals n 02 5 04 10 The central pile of the pile group No 5 presented in the above picture is surrounded by adjoining piles and their axial spacing in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal load is R1a and Rib The program allows entering different pile spacing values R1azR1b therefore the n1 coefficient for pile No 5 is being calculated as a mean value in accordance with the following formula Ria Rib piles 2 2 lt 1 0 In its simplest form the formula for coefficient n2 equals 1 B R D 1 0 for D lt 1 0m 1 8 1 5 D 0 5 B R D for D gt 1 0 eps ang 4 xem As presented in the above picture the central pile of the pile group No 5 is surrounded by adjoining piles which pile spacing in the plane parallel to direction of the horizont
12. ction number of functions defining the maximum horizontal soil resistance between number ordinates Z_from and Z_to A1 slope of linear function y12A1x B1 B1 y intercept of linear function y12A1x B1 Z2 m bgl ordinate from which soil resistance is defined by the second linear function y2 A2x B2 A2 slope of linear function y2 A2x B2 B2 y intercept of linear function y2 A2x B2 Rgr kN maximum horizontal soil response in a node Save results save the performed calculations as an Excel file Clicking on the button will run the MS Excel and the results will be transported to the excel sheet Print results print the results of the performed calculations The program allows printing both sections of the calculations i e the graphic and text parts for each pile and direction of the horizontal load It is possible to print only the calculations for selected piles and directions of the horizontal load separately Print Scope of print Text printout Show graphic the graphic preview of the performed calculations It includes graph of module of soil stiffness maximum soil resistance and the values in particular nodes SETT 24 47011 6 96 05 07 00 07 oz 05 6 er 00 6 00 5 05 7 6 00 8 05 2 4 05 5 005 ZIT 05 07 00 07 oz 05 6 6T 00 6 8T
13. d further calculations of the piles together with the foundation plate bench and footing as well as other structural elements of the building are possible The program includes author s the scheme of pile foundation which enables the user to calculate the horizontal stiffness of piles for several directions of the horizontal load and different pile spacing The calculation results are being presented graphically as a configuration of the module of horizontal stiffness of soil and maximum horizontal soil resistance including depth Additionally the results are being presented as numerical values in particular nodes located along pile axis 4 Soil parameters DATA ENTRY DATA TAB Soil parameters Calculation title Ground ordinate m asl 2 W m Genesis 2 iini mbai d m 1 New stratum downwards arrow Delete stratum Insert between strata Calculation title Ground ordinate The table of soil strata No Soil type 2 m bgl ID IL Genesis the title describing the analyzed soil profile project the ordinate of the existent ground level presented in meters above sea level Once the ordinate of the ground is specified the soil profile created in AutoCad will include additional elevation information i e above mean sea level the number of the actual soil strata this column is generated automatically the proper soil stratum should be chosen from the proved list by dicking the
14. f adjoining piles Rla R1b therefore the n1 coefficient for the edge pile No 6 is being calculated in the same way as for the central pile No 5 as a mean value in accordance with the following formula Ria Rib 2 98 2041392 95 204 02 D 04 o2 p i nites 1 pile6 2 2 In its simplest form the formula for n2 coefficient equals n B 1 B R D 1 0 for D lt 1 0m 1 8 1 5 D 0 5 amp B R D for D gt 1 0 mer v C In the program the calculation of the value of the n2 coefficient is dependent on the axial spacing of piles that limit the stiffness of pile i e the piles located in front of the analyzed pile in accordance with the direction of the horizontal load As in the example for the pile No 6 for the direction of the horizontal load there is no reduction in stiffness with regard to axial pile spacing R2b Therefore the value of the n2 coefficient for the edge pile No 6 is 1 0 7 3 PILE LOCATED IN THE OUTERMOST ROW AND OUTERMOST COLUMN OF PILES In the scheme of pile foundation these are piles No 1 3 7 and 9 They are surrounded by adjoining piles from one side only so called corner piles of the pile group The values of coefficients n1 and n2 for the corner pile No 3 are presented below the same rule applies for the calculation of coefficients n1 and n2 for corner piles No 1 7 and 9 Rla Rib direction of horizontal load R2a R2b In its simplest f
15. g z7 61 00 5 05 6 00 8545 6 05 2 4 04 0 85 9 03 ed 8 5 2 08 0 o 06 0 US edW 8T 6 03 0 0 2 02 9 oc 0z gt S TT 4 S TZ 11 yis Apues pue o0 ST o0 0 0 6 4 SLT gt 0 AI pues Ais 0 c8 89 9 vS 6 07 c 5 8 00 2 9 05 2 5 002 051 001 2 05 0 1 00 0 00 2 9 05 2 5 00 2 051 00 71 ars 05 0 1 08 0 Spo o 06 0 US dli 60 9 03 7 0 0 2 05 0 oct 9 o8 62 9 UJ N 0 6 5 21 SE 0 QI pues NJ 268 udu p 9 ydy 0 00 Eu Zu Tu ug Tw 10 edax 10 154 ISNOdSJY 1105 1V1NOZTIHOH WNWIXYW ANY 10 51538 105 WNWIXVW JO NOILOGDHISIG 03 6 3 us czu ru Qu x ua 240 TIOS HO SS3NHHIIS IVINOZTHOH X SSANAALLS IVINOZTHOH HO gt S8 0 tUu QQ I cCU IU OOo T 0u 0570 A3A3 SAGON HO 3ONVISIG 3i1403d 1105 ssauyys jo B Create soil profile creates script command lines in the AutoCad This script is later copied directly to the clipboard In order to create the soil profile the user needs to run AutoCad place the cursor on the command line
16. he pile embedment K coefficient for the spatial dimension of the soil response it is conditioned upon the shape of the pile cross section coefficient for the long lasting or cyclic loads effect Eo initial deformation modulus g 1 v v Poisson s ratio Mo oedometer modulus Eos corrective coefficient comprising piles co operation in a group of piles substitute pile diameter horizontal effective stress in soil coefficient for horizontal passive pressure cohesion of soil 7 VALUE OF THE ni AND n2 COEFFICIENTS DEPENDING ON THE LOCATION OF THE PILE IN FOUNDATION In their simplest form formulas for the n1 and n2 coefficients in accordance with the general method equal Coefficient n1 n 02 P 04 lt 1 0 D Coefficient n2 n p 1 B R D 1 0 for D lt 1 0m 1 8 1 5 D 0 5 n pa 1 p R D 1 0 for D gt 1 0m 1 8 D 1 0 where D pile diameter or pile width m Ri axial pile spacing in the plane perpendicular to direction of the horizontal load m R axial pile spacing in the plane parallel to direction of the horizontal load m B coefficient dependent on the number of piles in a row parallel to direction of the horizontal load B 1 0 for one row of piles 0 6 for two rows of piles 0 5 for three rows of piles B 0 45 for four or more rows of piles The scheme of pile foundation includes an option th
17. he secant pile wall and sheet pile wall are placed very close to one another there is no distance between them The axial pile spacing in the secant pile wall and sheet pile spacing in the sheet pile wall in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal load equals the breadth of a single element direction of horizontal load In its simplest form the formula for n1 coefficient equals n 02 5 04 10 The MES analysis showed that for the running construction there is a reduction in horizontal stiffness with regard to the horizontal stiffness of a single element The axial spacing of elements piles or sheet piles for the running construction in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal load R1 D As in the program the default coefficient n1 0 20 0 40 0 60 accordingly the n1 n2 product is 0 60 8 CALCULATION RESULTS RESULTS The results of the performed calculations are shown in two tabs Results The data is presented in a table that includes the values for horizontal stiffness of pile kx and maximum horizontal soil response in particular nodes for all piles of the scheme of pile foundation Table of results results of the performed calculations K KxGenerator version 2 5 Example kxg File Tools Help D m i Data_ Calculation Results Soil profile Results Results table Results for different directions of horizonta
18. iles 1 3 7 9 The piles are located in the outermost row and the outermost column of piles The piles No 1 3 7i9 are not surrounded by any piles of adjoining rows or any adjoining columns of the pile group corner piles In accordance with the general method the horizontal stiffness of soil Kx and the maximum horizontal soil response Rgr within single foundation may differ from one another depending on the distance from adjoining piles Coefficients n1 and n2 comprise the information as to the impact of the pile number and spacing The program allows the user to freely change the coefficients depending on the location of the pile in the foundation e g the pile may be located in the first or farther rows the pile may be located in the outermost or inner row The instruction how to define coefficients n1 and n2 is presented in pt 6 The scheme of pile foundation presents values of the coefficients n1 n2 product for all four directions of the horizontal load and separately for each pile The product of the n1 n2 coefficients in line with formulas for Kx and Rgr described in pt 6 reduces the value of the stiffness and maximum horizontal soil response depending on the adjoining pile spacing and direction of the horizontal load impact 6 RULES FOR CALCULATING THE STIFFNESS OF THE PILE AND MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL SOIL RESPONSE 6 1 STIFFNESS OF PILE The calculation of the stiffness of the pile requires indicating the value of the
19. ion in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the maximum horizontal soil response of the pile No 5 for direction x2 of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the maximum horizontal soil response of the pile No 5 for direction y4 of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles value of the maximum horizontal soil response of the pile No 5 for direction of the horizontal load including the probable reduction in stiffness on account of the number and spacing of piles _ Show calculation details Exportresuits toexcel Print results Show graphic Create ground profile Export to ABT gt Click on the button Show calculation details in order to see details of the performed calculations 558 amp KSARERRTSTSS DES 05 01 2 0 54 6 52 6 54 8 Sc 8 SL L 524 54 9 Sc 9 5475 5675 gu L 841 1 822 ZT gu ZT 88 8 88 8 88 8 88 8 88 8 88 8 OS S THO GT tt AN AAAA A OS 0T 52 01 SL 6 Sc 6 518 508 SL L Scu SL 9 Sc 9 515 Sc S SC H uonpunj 92 ez Hu Iv uogoury JOON YZ woy 7 ubisap sapou
20. l load Horizontal stiffness of pile and horizontal soil response Symbols of horizontal load directions Results induding coefficient n1 and n2 for pile number 5 KA ES kx Rar kx5 x2 rss j v2 Rgt5_x1 Ra ali gr5_y2 x1 LH kN m kN kN m kN m kN m kN m kN kN kN kN 2 50 4385 68 2 3333 3333 3859 3596 518 518 60 0 56 0 3 00 82 0 4153 4153 4808 623 623 722 670 y2 3 50 96 9 6331 6331 7330 736 73 6 85 3 79 0 4 00 110 7 7123 7123 841 841 974 910 For displaying results click on appropriate pile and 4 50 1246 7235 7235 8378 947 947 1096 1020 horizontal load direction 5 00 138 4 7235 7235 105 2 105 22 1218 113 0 1 00 1 00 5 50 1139 5306 86 6 86 6 100 2 93 0 T T 84 5 3376 3376 642 64 2 744 69 0 919 3376 69 8 69 8 80 9 75 0 99 22 3376 3376 75 4 75 4 873 810 15 7 50 106 6 3376 3376 810 81 0 938 87 0 16 113 9 3376 3376 86 66 86 6 1002 930 17 125 3 95 2 95 2 110 3 103 0 18 9 00 170 2 129 4 129 4 149 8 140 0 19 9 50 180 6 137 3 137 3 158 9 148 0 20 10 00 191 0 145 2 145 2 168 1 157 0 21 10 50 55 4 3377 75 5 75 5 87 5 82 0 Vertical spring support below pile base kz 112 500 kN m Results ___5 calculation details 2 00 Above values coeff n1 x n2 product represent reduction of horizontal stiffness of pile depending on pile location and direction of horizontal load Show graphic Table of results Node
21. mouse do not type the name the ordinate of the bottom of soil stratum in metres below ground level the density index liquidity index of soil stratum the genesis of cohesive soil A B C D for non cohesive soil Symbols for cohesive soils according to PN 81 B 03020 A consolidated cohesive moraine soils B other cohesive soils and non consolidated cohesive moraine soils C other non consolidated cohesive soils D day regardless of geological genesis The following buttons should be used when editing the table regarding soil strata New stratum downwards arrow creates another stratum click the downwards arrow on the keyboard J Delete stratum deletes the current stratum Insert between strata inserts additional stratum between existing ones this option should not be used fro creating new stratum Partial factors of safety Partial factors of safety Friction angle of soil 1 00 Cohesion of soil 0 40 Unit weight of soil 0 90 Partial factors of safety have been determined for the following physical features of soil friction angle cohesion and unit weight of soil There is a possibility to modify default values of each individual factor Partial factor of safety for friction angle of soil the default value of the factor is 1 00 Partial factor of safety for cohesion soil c the default value of the factor is 0 40 Partial factor of safety for unit weight of soil y the defaul
22. orm the formula for n1 coefficient equals n 02 Rt 0 4 lt 1 0 D The corner pile of the pile group No 3 as presented in the above picture in the plane perpendicular to directions of the horizontal load is surrounded by piles from one side only and the axial pile spacing equals Rib There are no adjoining piles on the other side of the corner pile so its stiffness is limited from one side only Accordingly the calculation for the ni coefficient for the corner pile No accounts for greater stiffness The calculation result is presented as a mean value in accordance with the following formula Ria ud Laur s pr E T lt 1 1 pile3 2 2 In its simplest form the formula for n2 coefficient equals n B L 8 R D 240 for D lt 1 0m 1 8 1 5 D 0 5 n p 80 0 for D gt 1 0m 1 8 D 1 0 In the program the calculation of the value of the n2 coefficient is dependent on the axial spacing of piles that limit the stiffness of the pile i e the piles located in front of the analyzed pile in accordance with the direction of the horizontal load As in the example for the corner pile No 3 for the direction of the horizontal load there is no reduction in stiffness with regard to the axial pile spacing R2b Therefore the value of the n2 coefficient for the corner pile No 3 is exactly the same as for the edge pile No 6 i e 1 0 7 4 SECANT PILE WALL OR SHEET PILE WALL The adjoining elements of t
23. p on the ordinate Z maximum horizontal soil resistance for stratum with bottom on the ordinate Z maximum horizontal soil resistance for stratum with top on the ordinate Z slope of linear function y Ax B y intercept of linear function y Ax B Table Kx values in nodes Z from m bgl Z to m bgl Function number A1 B1 Z2 m ppt A2 B2 Z3 m ppt A3 B3 Z4 m ppt B4 Kx kN m ordinate of the stratum top ordinate of the stratum bottom number of functions defining the module of horizontal stiffness of soil between ordinates Z from and Z to slope of linear function yi A1x B1 y intercept of linear function y1 A1x B1 ordinate from which soil stiffness is defined by the second linear function y2 A2x B2 slope of linear function y2 A2x B2 y intercept of linear function y2 A2x B2 ordinate from which soil stiffness is defined by the third linear function y3 A3x slope of linear function y3 A3x B3 y intercept of linear function y3 A3x B3 ordinate from which soil stiffness is defined by the fourth linear function A4x B4 slope of linear function y4 A4x B4 y intercept of linear function 4 B4 horizontal stiffness of soil in a node Table Rgr values in nodes Z from m bgl Z to m bgl ordinate of the stratum roof ordinate of the stratum bottom Fun
24. t value of the factor is 0 90 Global factors of safety Global factors of safety Horizontal stiffness of soil Kx 1 00 Horizontal soil response 1 00 Coeff of passive pressure Kp 0 85 The following global factors of safety for horizontal stiffness of soil maximum horizontal soil response and passive pressure have been used Global factor of horizontal stiffness of soil Kx the default value of the factor is 1 00 Global factor of maximum horizontal soil response Rgr the default value of the factor is 1 00 Global factor of horizontal passive pressure Kp embracing the simplification that the flat slide plane is adopted the default value of the factor is 0 85 There is a possibility to modify default values of each individual factor Groundwater Groundwater No groundwater Ordinate of phreatic level of water table m bgl If the groundwater emerges it is necessary to provide the ordinate of the phreatic water table It follows that for the soil stratum occurring below the phreatic water table the unit weight of submerged soil y shall be applied Pile parameters Pile parameters Pile type Pile diameter pile width m Pile length m Method of pile embedment inimi Ordinate of foundations bottom m bgl xj Pile sol friction angle in solis Distance of nodes along pile axis 0 50 m cohesive 1 00 noncohesve 0 50 Estimated pile bearing capacity kN Estimated pile settlement 71
25. uidity index including the genesis of cohesive soil as well as the type and method of pile embedment the program automatically generates subsequent parameters y 5 Eo in accordance with PN 81 B 03020 while 5 and compliant with the general method The user can freely modify all standardized values of the parameters Once the parameter has been changed there is a possibility to restore the default standard value Calculation parameters Soil and pile parameters Restore the default standard parameters T 5 Sn 9 m mcus De a 1 pea oral H H 1 No reference number of the soil stratum Soil type type of the soil y KN m3 unit weight of soil y kN m3 effective unit weight of soil unit weight of submerged soil friction angle of soil 6 9 pile soil friction angle c kPa cohesion of soil Eo MPa initial soil deformation modulus E v 6 29 1 v v Poisson s ratio Mo oedometer modulus Eoeq Sn coefficient for the method of pile embedment soil structure disturbance when embedding the pile coefficient for long lasting or cyclic loads effect Scheme of the pile foundation The program includes an innovative and original scheme of pile foundation which allows calculating the stiffness of pile for several directions of the horizontal load and for different pile spacing The scheme of pile foundation is used to generate the authentic
26. ule of horizontal stiffness of soil stratum m1 corrective coefficient equal 0 7 of cohesive soil and 0 8 of non cohesive soil Kph coefficient for passive pressure Table Boundary elements and their corresponding Kx values Z m bgl ordinate of the soil stratum bottom Kx 1 kPa module of horizontal stiffness of soil for stratum with bottom on the ordinate Z Kx 2 kPa module of horizontal stiffness of soil for stratum with top on the ordinate Z A slope of linear function yz Ax B B y intercept of linear function B Table Boundary elements and their corresponding Qr values Z m bgl ordinate of the soil stratum bottom o y kPa horizontal effective stress in soil c 1 kPa cohesion of soil for stratum with bottom on the ordinate Z c 2 kPa cohesion of soil for stratum with top on the ordinate Z mi corrective coefficient for stratum with bottom on the ordinate Z m2 5 _1 5 _2 Kph _1 Kph 2 Qr 1 kPa Qr 2 kPa B corrective coefficient for stratum with top on the ordinate Z coefficient for the impact of the method of pile embedment for stratum with bottom on the ordinate Z coefficient for the impact of the method of pile embedment for stratum with top on the ordinate Z coefficient for passive pressure for stratum with bottom on the ordinate Z coefficient for passive pressure for stratum with to
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