Teseo2 User Manual - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Contents
1. Base Colour 0 Threshold 200 Fill Colour 255 New layer checked Transparent uncheked Horizontal checked Greater checked Length 28 5 A layer named Background copy 1 will be created 6 Select the layer named Background copy and set the layer parameter Mode to Multiply Nice Isn t it An animation of this operation is available on http sismos ingv it teseo filters 5 Analysis after trace vectorization The seismogram curve on the image has to be corrected to become a seismic data with right amplitude and time There are many errors that could be introduced during the digitization procedure that must be taken into account e Rotation of the sheet during image scanning is a first error that can be easily removed using Gimp Rotation tool with the correct angle e To obtain data as a sequence of samples and corresponding time a scaling related to the paper speed is always needed Several different corrections have to be applied too in order to eliminate errors due to the recording system of the seismograph e Instruments with photographic recording suffer from a trace distor tion due to the spiral trend on the seismogram paper This trend is further removable with other analysis instruments like SAC2000 Goldstein et al 2003 This distorsion applies to all mechanical record ing systems too like the Wiechert seismographs 18 e Mechanical recording systems suffer from a curvature of the seismic2. Height 25 E Width 10 5 Figure 7 Teseo window Colour weighted mean tab Path Fit fit path with a piecewise cubic B zier curve l Path Split split path at points defined by intersection beetwen path and GIMP vertical guides Path Force Polyline transform a path in a polyline All the control points will be ignored Path Snap for each point compute a colour weighted mean in a thickness width square figure 6 e Unlocked only paths operations Align unlocked paths align paths overlapping the first point of the next path to the last of the previous one This is the case when the event is recorded over the paper margin and the trace lies on 13 different lines This operation must be used before exporting the whole trace Link unlocked paths link paths with a straight line from the last point of the previous path to the first point of the next one Useful to join several paths of the same event e TimeMark Timemark Evaluate intermediate TMs evaluate missing inter mediate timemark of the current path and return vertical guides where they should be Timemark Add TMs from guides add points where the guides intersect the current path File MEA Filters Post Analisys Help Ha Resample E exam Red Force Polyline W Align unlocked paths Link unlocked paths Timemark Evaluate middle TMs Add TMs from guides Figure 8 Teseo window Path menu Warni
3. When you start Teseo for the first time on an image you are required to create a new session Fill the fields shown in the figures 2 3 4 and click OK Session properties can be modified at any time selecting File Session Properties Ctrl P in Teseo context New sessions related to other events in the same image can be created selecting File Session New Ctrl N in Teseo context The user can not change session file name because Teseo uses a fixed session naming convention Files related to the session are stored in gimp directory teseo 2 where gimp directory is the user specific GIMP settings directory Usually it is the subdirectory gimp 2 2 in the user home directory When Teseo is started on an image associated to more sessions the user can choose the preferred one All the parameters described below are saved in the session file and on demand they can be imported or exported in Teseo parasites section 3 2 and saved in the zcf image In figure 2 are shown the parameters associated to the seismic record e Date date of recording e Event number arbitrary ordinal number which identifies the event contained in the image Use it to distinguish several events on the same image or date e Station data the following parameters will be saved in SAC files Name station code Record traces Path Notes Date Event Year Month Day Number 1900 5 1 Jif E f Station data Name Azimuth Inc
4. binaries dmg image e GIMP 2 2 version GIMP version looks like 2 2 x e A detailed bug description We will provide a bug tracking system if necessary 24 8 Credits Teseo source distribution contains code developed by other authors and distributed respecting their copyright or license Curvature correction Curvature correction of Wiechert records is based on studies and Fortran routines developed by Antoine Schlupp Within Teseo Fortran routines have been ported in C Author Antoine Schlupp mailto antoine schlupp eost u strasbg fr NEWUOA NEWUOA is a software developed by M J D Powell for unconstrained optimization without derivatives Author M J D Powell mailto mjdp cam ac uk cfortran h cfortran h is an easy to use powerful bridge between C and FORTRAN It provides a transparent machine independent in terface between C and FORTRAN routines and global data http www zeus desy de burow cfortran Author Burkhard Burow mailto burow desy de Main package dependencies are GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program http www gimp org GtkDatabox A Gtk Widget for Fast Data Display http www eudoxos de Author Roland Bock mailto rbock eudoxos de 9 Acknowledgements We would like to thank A Schlupp for his contribution in the Curvature Cor rection development We are also grateful to A Michelini for his continuous encouragement and to S Mazza for his useful and constructive s
5. parameters selected for the current path Errors versus arm shift Actual X Actual Y Marked X Marked Y Delta X Delta Y Errors counts Arm shift mm 4 Choose Figure 16 Plot of the function Error b 6 Before leaving Teseo Before closing GIMP is a very good practice to 1 Save session Ctrl S in Teseo context 2 Close Teseo 23 3 Save xcf file it contains all your paths layers and Teseo parasites cf is your friend and gzip or bzip2 too 4 Close GIMP 7 Mailing list and bug report If you would like to e know news about Teseo e suggest further improvements e exchange experiences with others Teseo users e help the developers to improve Teseo and make it more stable at the moment the best way is subscribing the mailing list devoted to the Teseo users feel free to send an e mail to mailto teseo user subscribe yahoogroups com However the archive of the messages is open to every body at http groups yahoo com group teseo user 7 1 Bug report Teseo is not a bug free application so if you find a bug please report it sending an e mail to mailto teseo0ingv it Please remember to specify e Operating system i e Windows XP Linux Distribution Mac OS X version e Teseo version Teseo version looks like 2 x x You find it in About window following Help About in Teseo menu e Kind of Teseo distribution Source code zip or tarball
6. 10 Fill Colour 17 18 Fill colour 16 Final X 22 Final Y 22 Forward 12 Greater 17 18 Horizontal 17 18 Image file 8 Incident angle 8 Lateral velocity 22 Latitude 8 Length 17 18 Less 17 Longitude 8 Mode 18 Name 7 New layer 17 18 Paper speed 8 Paper velocity velocity 21 R 19 20 r 19 20 Resampling step 9 Resolution 8 Return directly B zier path 8 Rotate 22 23 Scan rotation 22 Shift 22 23 Starting X 22 Starting Y 22 Station data 7 Stop to the first guide 12 Threshold 16 18 Time mark first sample time 8 Time span 21 Time span entry 21 Trace colour 12 Trace thickness 12 Transparent 17 18 Use extrema 22 Use raster angle 23 Use time span 21 22 Vertical 17 x 1 19 y i 19 Software development 877 4 gcc 4 GLib 4 GTK 4 GtkDataBox 4 libg2c 4 Teseo modules gtk addons 4 newuoa 4 teseo 2 4 Teseo operations Align unlocked paths 13 Link unlocked paths 14 Parasite Export 10 Parasite Import 10 Parasite Remove all 10 30 Path Fit 8 13 Path Force Polyline 13 Path Resample 12 Path Snap 13 Path Split 13 Timemark Add TMs from guides 14 Timemark Evaluate intermedi ate TMs 14
7. Collection digitization and distribution of historical seismological data at ingv EOS 86 28 Pintore et al 2005 Pintore S Quintiliani M and Franceschi D 2005 Teseo a vectoriser of historical seismograms Computers amp Geosciences 31 10 1277 1285 Schlupp 2006 Schlupp A 2006 Personal communication SVG Working Group 2003 SVG Working Group 2003 Scalable Vector Graphics SVG 1 1 Specification URL http www w3 org TR 2003 REC SVG11 20030114 28 Index Buttons Arm Shift 21 Arm shift button 21 Axial distance 20 Axial distance button 20 Correct 23 OK 7 Slopes 23 File formats ASCII 3 15 B zier 15 DXF 3 10 14 15 Examples 15 SAC 3 7 8 15 SISMA 15 SVG 3 14 15 Timemark 15 Trace 14 xcf 3 5 7 10 24 Filters clean 15 16 GIMP 3 7 10 17 23 24 GIMP tools Flip 11 Measure 16 Path 10 12 14 15 Rotate 11 16 GLib 4 GTK 4 Keywords CWM 12 parasites 6 7 10 24 seismic event 7 session 7 10 Menu Curvature Correction 20 Post Analysis 20 Teseo 6 29 Teseo 2 6 Parameters a 19 20 Arm length entry 20 Arm shift entry 20 21 Axial distance entry 20 Azimuth 8 b 19 21 23 Back 12 Base Colour 17 18 Base colour 16 Choose 21 Constant abscissa ascendent 10 Cylinder radius entry 20 d 19 Date 7 10 Elevation 8 Event first sample time 8 Event number 7 10 Export DXF path relocated in origin
8. Teseo User Manual Turn the Eldest Seismograms into the Electronic Original Ones 2 0 10 Stefano Pintore Matteo Quintiliani Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Roma Italy x OK OK This documentation needs further updates Revision 1 58 Date 2006 04 11 08 46 06 Please check last revision at http sismos ingv it teseo Contents 1 Introduction 2 Installing Teseo 2 1 Teseo from Source 2 a a 2 2 Teseo for LUS r ioo a ek e oae Oe E O Eae ye a 2 3 Teseo for Windows e a a 24 Teseo for MacOSX Getting started with Teseo O A AS a Be E EE ee es ca RL ee ed da Lesta parasites o seca Ea segu ners ii AO Ne ee A Vectorization did Manual ti E Ca a Da Y O A ee E AD AUTOA Cs i ora A A A 4 2 1 Colour Weighted Mean 4 3 Path manipulation o AA Trace import export ei a SETE o a A AD Eller e aora E ean hole Bee Whos rio nie Analysis after trace vectorization 5 1 Curvature correction ee Before leaving Teseo Mailing list and bug report Tolo Bupgereport srat fue ba TR Del o LARES ee ee bo E 10 11 11 12 12 14 15 18 19 23 24 8 Credits 9 Acknowledgements 10 Warnings 25 25 25 1 Introduction This document is the user manual of Teseo software Copyright 2005 Stefano Pintore Matteo Quintiliani Revision 1 58 Date 2006 04 11 08 46 06 Teseo is a software tool for seismogram digitization vectoriza
9. called GtkDataBox which has been designed to display large amounts of numerical data fast and easy Version greater than 0 4 0 is required Please refer to the section 8 for downloading and documentation about GtkDataBoz Teseo sources are subdivided into three separate modules two libraries gtk addons newuoa and the GIMP plug in teseo 2 Unpack the file teseo 2 x x tar gz and compile the source modules following this order gtk addons newuoa and teseo 2 You can use the stardard command sequence configure make make install For teseo 2 you should launch the configure script with the same prefix of gimp 2 2 and optionally set the datadir For example if gimp 2 2 is configured with prefix mydir you have to use configure prefix mydir datadir mydir share gimp 2 0 2 2 Teseo for Linux First of all install GIMP Version 2 2 6 or newer is recommended Unpack the binary distribution from teseo 2 x x bin linux tar gz and run these commands to install Teseo cd teseo 2 x x bin linux setup sh linux setup sh needs gimptool 2 0 included in GIMP distributions To uninstall run cd teseo 2 x x bin linur setup sh linuxuninstall 2 3 Teseo for Windows e Pre requisite 1 Install gimp 2 2 6 or newer files and instructions at http gimp win sourceforge net 2 Optional Install gimp help e Install teseo 2 1 Close GIMP 2 Extract teseo 2 x x setup exe from the distributed teseo 2 x
10. com ML archive http groups yahoo com group teseo user 2 Installing Teseo Before installing Teseo you need to install GIMP 2 2 Teseo has never been tested on GIMP 2 0 Please refer to the official website at http www gimp org user man ual Gimp 2005 and books Bunks 2000 Kylander and Kylander 1999 for any information about it Teseo is developed on Linux but binaries are also available for other platforms such as Windows and Mac OS X You can be able to compile Teseo on every system where GIMP has been successfully installed Sources and some binary distributions can be downloaded at the official web site http sismos ingv it teseo In this manual we provide basic information to install Teseo plug in For specific information please follow instructions contained in the INSTALL file for your distribution 2 1 Teseo from Source Teseo is mostly developed in C language one library is written in Fortran In order to compile Teseo you need gcc 977 and libg2c In general Teseo works with GIMP 2 2 although version 2 2 6 or newer is recommended We develop Teseo using GTK and GLib GTK is a li brary for creating graphical user interfaces GLib is a general purpose utility library which provides many useful data types macros type conversions string utilities file utilities a main loop abstraction and so on The versions of GTK and GLib are the same used by GIMP Moreover Teseo use a GTK widget
11. d unless you select Shift Scan rotation use it to compensate for a rotation introduced during the scanning phase angles are positive clockwise The correction is applied at the beginning of calculations Not re quired unless you select Rotate e Correction extrema Starting X First point abscissa not required unless you select Use extrema Starting Y First point ordinate not required unless you select Use extrema Final X Last point abscissa not required unless you select Use extrema Final Y Last point ordinate not required unless you select Use extrema e Options Use extrema To use the user provided coordinates of the first and last point of the path Useful for images with unknown scale Use time span If you know exactly this time you can provide it to the algorithm It will be used to calculate the speed 22 Use raster angle To use the user provided error angle in scanning If not checked the possible rotation angle will be calculated from the path Rotate Check to apply the rotation correction Shift Check to apply the lateral speed distortion correction e Slopes button Click on Slopes button to plot the histogram of the slopes for the given b According to Schlupp 2006 the slope should be 0 or at his minimum at 90 degree for the correct Arm shift e Correct button Click on Correct button to obtain a new path cor rected applying the Cadeck formula with the
12. e strictly increasing else X values are evenly spaced regardless direction e Export DXF path relocated in origin if checked DXF export will trans late the path starting a the coordinate 0 0 This option is needed only for Sismos procedures 3 2 Teseo parasites In order to share and distribute results about the vectorization of a seis mogram Teseo includes all information related to the seismogram and his vectorization within a single file This can be made using GIMP propri etary image format the zcf format In fact xref format stores paths layers channels and parasites a mechanism provided by GIMP for attaching arbitrary pieces of data to an image Teseo parasites contain all parameter values for the current session When you import or export a session as parasites you have to consider the Event number see figure 2 Remember that Event number is arbitrary and it could be thinked as the ordinal number associated to the sequence of the events occurred in the same Date You can export only one set of the parameters for each single event Parasite operations are shown in figure 5 e Parasite Import import the n th event contained in the zcfimage into the current session e Parasite Export export all parameters of the current session into the xcf image as parasite e Parasite Remove all remove all Teseo parasites contained in the xcf file Warning When parasites related to an image are modified remember to
13. er Clean e o 17 Mechanical recording schema Figure provided by A Schlupp 20 Mechanical recording schema details on b Figure provided by Ay Schlupp a A a a de a 21 Curvature Correction window o e 22 Plot of the function Error b es creia a e dos ga 23 27 References Autodesk 1992 Autodesk 1992 AutoCAD Release 12 DXF Format Adobe Systems Incorporated 1585 Charleston Road P O Box 7900 Mountain View CA 94039 7900 Drawing Interchange and File Formats Release 12 Bunks 2000 Bunks C 2000 Grokking the GIMP New Riders Publish ing Thousand Oaks CA 352pp Cadek 1987 Cadek O 1987 Studying earthquake ground motion in prague from wiechert seismograph records Gerl Beitr Geoph 96 438 447 Gimp 2005 Gimp 2005 GNU Image Manipulation Program User Man ual The GIMP Documentation Team URL http docs gimp org Goldstein et al 2003 Goldstein P Dodge D and Firpo M 2003 SAC2000 Signal processing and analysis tools for seismologists and engi neers In Lee W Kanamori H Jennings P and Kisslinger C editors International Handbook of Earthquake amp Engineering Seismology Part B pages 1613 1614 New York Academic Press Kylander and Kylander 1999 Kylander O and Kylander K 1999 Gimp the Official Handbook with Cdrom Coriolis Value 895pp Michelini and the Sismos Team 2005 Michelini A and the Sismos Team 2005
14. few paths manually made and others made by the Teseo colour weighted mean algorithm which will be described in the next section 4 2 4 2 Automatic Teseo is designed to easily add algorithms for automatic seismogram vec torization An iterative procedure takes place whereby at each step the algorithm is executed providing it with e a rectangular portion of the image centred at the last point of the current path e information regarding the closest previous points in order to find the next point 11 Presently Teseo uses an algorithm based on a weighted mean of the trace colour see subsection 4 2 1 In future versions of Teseo more algorithms should be available neural network approach too and will be associated to other buttons beside CWM one In figure 6 the main parameters of Teseo automatic path vectorization tool are shown e Forward algorithm stop condition maximum iteration number e Back number of points to delete from the current path e Stop to the first guide alternative stop condition the iterations stop when the abscissa is greater than first vertical guide position e Trace colour base trace colour black or white e Trace thickness thickness average in pixels The arrow buttons on the main window become sensitive when the user chooses an algorithm to execute To calculate the next point the algorithm can use the additional information provided by the user who suggests a direction clicking
15. h pag 10 e Seismogram must be oriented from left to right and top to bottom If necessary you can use GIMP tools such as Flip or Rotate to modify the image pag 11 e Order in operations on multiple paths respects order of the GIMP Path tool that is from bottom to top For example executing a link on paths shown in figure 9 results in a new path concatenating paths a b and c in this order pag 14 e If you want save the history of the changes applied to the image you may apply the filters on copies of the Background Layer Remember that all operations usually work on the current layer which could not necessarily be the visible one pag 15 e Good results are obtained when the noisy lines are perfectly horizontal You can estimate required rotation using GIMP Measure tool and then using GIMP Rotate trasformation tool to rotate effectively See GIMP help pag 16 List of Figures 1 Teseo menu Y sta teers Muh a A A SO Oe Se 6 2 Session window Record tab 0 4 8 3 Session window Traces tab 004 9 4 Session window Path tab 04 9 Teseo Parasites 0 e 11 Teseo window General tab 13 Teseo window Colour weighted mean tab 13 Teseo window Path menu 04 14 GIMP Path Tool Path order 15 Teseo Path Import o 16 Teseo Path Export o e e 16 Teseo Filt
16. hanical recording schema details on b Figure provided by A Schlupp Arm shift button Clicking on the Arm Shift button a best value of b will be calculated and showed in the Arm shift entry A plot of the error function calculated in a reasonable range of b will be shown see figure 16 You can choose an alternative b value presumably around the minimum of the function The plot is interactive you can zoom in selecting an area and then clicking the central mouse button Right click to zoom out Click on a point in the plot to select the abscissa the value is displayed in the Marked point field Click on Choose to save it in the Arm shift entry e Record info Time span entry Time span from first to last point of the current path Not required unless you select Use time span Paper velocity velocity Average speed of the paper for the current path Required unless you select use Time span 21 Y Recorder geometry 200 00 Armlenght 60 00 Cylinder radius 208 00 Axial distance 0 00 Arm shift V Record info so 00 Time span 30 00 Paper velocity 4 00 Lateral velocity 0 00 E Scan rotation V Correction extrema 1 Starting X 1 Final X 1 Starting Y T Final Y Y Options Use extrema Use time span Userasterangle Rotate Slopes Correct Figure 15 Curvature Correction window Lateral velocity Average lateral speed of the paper for the current path Not require
17. ident angle Latitude Longitude Quote Paper Speed mm sec 1 00 s Image file home quintiliani example xcf gz Resolution 1016 dpi MX Cancel Figure 2 Session window Record tab Azimuth component azimuth degrees clockwise from north Incident angle component incident angle degrees from vertical Latitude station latitude degrees north positive Longitude station longitude degrees east positive Elevation station elevation meters e Paper speed linear velocity of the paper mm sec e Image file name of the current image read only e Resolution image resolution read only In figure 3 are shown the parameters associated to the traces e Event first sample time time of the first sample of the trace this value will be saved in SAC files e Time mark first sample time time of the first sample of the trace that represents the time mark In figure 4 are shown the parameters associated to the path manipula tion e Return directly B zier path if checked when you use automatic vector ization methods Path Fat is executed after every group of iterations Event pathname o O Es Ej Time mark pathname j Figure 3 Session window Traces tab Figure 4 Session window Path tab e Resampling step samples are always evenly spaced with this distance in pixel e Constant abscissa ascendent if checked X values of the returned sam ples ar
18. inute length on the original record in millimeters x 1 coordinate to transform in seconds for time axis y i coordinate to transform in millimeters for amplitude axis This formula applies to intruments modeled as in the schema shown in figure 13 To use this formula it is necessary to get information about the seismogram For well known machinery r R and a can be retrieved from manufactory papers figure 13 Otherwise it is possible to adjust these parameters to reasonable values by trial and error The d value is proportional to speed and resolution The b value is the most difficult to determine and must be deduced directly from records see figure 14 A detailed description of the method to 19 Record axis x Figure 13 Mechanical recording schema Figure provided by A Schlupp evaluate b is available in Schlupp 2006 Look at figure 15 showing the Curvature Correction window You obtain this window clicking on Curvature Correction from Post Anal ysis e Recorder geometry Arm length entry Enter the arm length value here Cylinder radius entry Enter the cylinder radius value here Axial distance entry Enter the axial distance value here Axial distance button Clicking on Axial distance button you ob tain a calculation of a according to r and R useful when a is unknown Arm shift entry Enter the arm shift value here 20 arm length e writing Figure 14 Mec
19. ng Order in operations on multiple paths respects order of the GIMP Path tool that is from bottom to top For example executing a link on paths shown in figure 9 results in a new path concatenating paths a b and c in this order 4 4 Trace import export Teseo imports and exports several file formats as shown in figures 10 11 e SVG Scalable Vector Graphics SVG Working Group 2003 e DXF Drawing Interchange File Format Autodesk 1992 e Trace Teseo proprietary ascii format It contains image reference and coordinate in pixels Only polylines 14 Paths G e amp Paths 0 amp rr Ol 4 3 0 4 e e Figure 9 GIMP Path Tool Path order e ASCII plain text file that contains the coordinates x y sequence in millimeters Only polylines e SAC Seismic Analysis Code Goldstein et al 2003 Evenly spaced binary SAC Only polylines e SISMA plain text file Sismogrammi Storici software compliant e Timemark plain text file that contains coordinates x y sequence identifying timemarks e B zier GIMP 1 0 B zier path format For downward compatibility e Examples binary format that contains information for neural networks learning Not available yet Up to now SVG export is possible only by GIMP Path tool DXF import is possible only on Teseo exported paths SAC import is not implemented yet 4 5 Filters GIMP offers a variety of filters and instruments to manipulate images We st
20. on arrow buttons 4 2 1 Colour Weighted Mean For detailed information about this algorithm read Pintore et al 2005 The colour weighted mean algorithm takes a rectangular region of the image having width and height specified in tab shown in figure 7 and centered into the last point of the current path This algorithm is activated clicking on the colour weighted mean button on the toolbar in figure 6 The arrow buttons are available to suggest the direction 4 3 Path manipulation Besides GIMP Path manipulation Teseo adds some useful operations in seismogram vectorization In figure 8 is shown the Teseo Path menu The operations are subdivided in three groups operations on the current path operations on all unlocked paths and operations on path that represent Timemark Some operations rely on GIMP vertical guides tool you can place a vertical guide clicking on the ruler on the left of the image window and dragging it onto the image at the desired place e Current path operations Path Resample resample path with parameter defined in figure 4 12 File Path Filters Post Analisys Help example xcf gz Execution Steps Forward 50 x r Stop to the Back 10 a first guide Trace Properties Black trace E Thicki 10 White trace poe General Colour weighted mean Clean Mh Figure 6 Teseo window General tab File Path Filters Post Analisys Help example xcf gz Rectangle dimensions
21. rongly recommend to enhance the readability of your seismogram before vectorize For example you could increase the contrast of the image Warning If you want save the history of the changes applied to the image you may apply the filters on copies of the Background Layer Re member that all operations usually work on the current layer which could not necessarily be the visible one At the moment Teseo provides a graphical filter useful to clean a seismo gram What do we intend to clean a seismogram Often before vectorizing it is advantageous to remove horizontal traces crossing it while mantaining 15 isi Path Filters Post Analisys Help amp Session gt Import La DXF 9 Parasites gt ASCII Quit SAE Timemark Width 10 SVG Bezier GIMP 1 3 Parasites DXF quit ASCII y SAC Timemark SVG Examples Figure 11 Teseo Path Export trace continuity The main idea is to fill unwanted horizontal or vertical segments with the background color of the seismogram Warning Good results are obtained when the noisy lines are perfectly horizontal You can estimate required rotation using GIMP Measure tool and then using GIMP Rotate trasformation tool to rotate effectively See GIMP help In figure 12 it is possible to see the parameters related to the clean filter e Base colour is the base colour of the trace Value from 0 black to 255 white e Thre
22. save the image before closing it GIMP won t give you any advice before leaving the image 4 Vectorization Teseo trace vectorization completely relies on GIMP Path tool which per mits to create piecewise cubic B zier curves and polygonals Please see Gimp 2005 for basic usage Warning Teseo does not support closed paths Warning Unfortunately GIMP plug in developers do not have yet available procedures API to handle paths with two or more components User must not create multiple components in a single path 10 SN Path Filters Post Analisys Help amp Session EJ Path Export a 3 Remove all Back 10 a first guide Trace Properties Black trace Thick 10 zj O White trace gira General Colour weighted mean Clean Figure 5 Teseo Parasites Warning Seismogram must be oriented from left to right and top to bottom If necessary you can use GIMP tools such as Flip or Rotate to modify the image 4 1 Manual You can manually vectorize the traces by GIMP Path tool creating several piecewise cubic B zier curves or polylines You should improve your manual dexterity before facing up to a com plicated seismogram Inside the distribution you find a very simple piece of seismogram to test your skill the file name is example xcf gz Keep in mind that the whole vectorization is based on GIMP Path tool and it is wise to learn as much as possible about it example xcf gz contains a
23. shold is the maximum value of tolerance on base colour e Fill colour is the colour used to fill contiguous lines belonging to the colour condition 16 File Path Filters Post Analisys Help example xcf gz Parameters Base colour 1 0 Threshold 128 Fill Colour PA 255 TF New layer Transparent Vertical O Horizontal aha greater T 20 ength is an gt 9 O less Figure 12 Teseo Filter Clean e New layer if checked the current layer will be copied and the filters will be run on the copy e Transparent if checked only the filled lines will be displayed rest of the image will be transparent This works only on layer with alpha channel e Horizontal Vertical choose one to fill horizontal or vertical line e Greater Less choose one to fill lines longer or shorter than length e Length length of a single line on the image If you ve never used this filter you should try it on the example image contained in your Teseo distribution Follow these steps 1 Open example xcf gz 2 Select the Background layer inside the GIMP Layer Dialog and ap ply the filter using the following parameters e Base Colour 0 e Threshold 128 e Fill Colour 255 e New layer checked e Transparent uncheked e Vertical checked e Less checked e Length 9 17 3 A layer named Background copy will be created 4 Select the Background layer and apply the filter using the following parameters
24. tion and it is developed in the framework of the Sismos project Michelini and the Sismos Team 2005 at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Italy This name was in spired by the myth of Theseus and it is also an acronym for Turn the Eldest Seismograms into the Electronic Original Ones Teseo is a plug in for GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program that extends its functionalities for seismological studies The GIMP is a multiplatform photo manipulation tool freely distributed It works on many operating systems in many languages Teseo allows primarily for e additional operations on the vectorized trace i e resampling and alignment e supervised vectorization algorithms colour weighted mean e analysis after trace vectorization such as curvature correction and time realignment e trace import export in several formats such as SAC SVG DXF ASCII Timemarks distances In order to keep track of the stages and parameters of a seismogram vectorization Teseo is able to write this information into the image saved in cf format Teseo is developed following the Open Source philosophy and it is freely distributed under GPL license It is cross platform and the sources the binaries for Linux Windows and Mac OS X are periodically updated on the Sismos web site Official web site http sismos ingu it teseo Developer e mail mailto teseo ingv it User mailing list mailto teseo user yahoogroups
25. trace worst in case of great amplitude signal due to the finite arm lenght and finite radius of the cylinder bearing the smoked paper To correct this kind of distortion Teseo offers an instrument able to create a new path starting from a curved one The algorithm used by Teseo is taken from Cadek Cadek 1987 while the code we use was originally written in Fortran by A Schlupp The algorithm needs some parameters for a few of them Teseo offers some other instruments to evaluate These instruments are derived from a personal comunication provided by Schlupp 2006 which is going to be published 5 1 Curvature correction For semplicity we suppose that speed is a constant for the path segment we consider otherwise we can subdivide path in segments at constant speed for example from a time marker to the subsequent Then we can correct the resulting paths one by one The formula for correction of the deformation due to the geometry of the recorder as well as coordinate conversion x y in time and amplitude are given by Cadeck arcsin r a R y i b y arcsin r a R A AA A a AE A E 2ar 2ar 0 He where R length of the writing arm from its rotating axis to the tip of the needle r radius of the drive cylinder bearing the smoked paper a distance from the rotating arm axis to the driving cylinder axis b shift of the arm axis in millimeters to the base line on the smoked paper d m
26. u figure 1 Alternatively you can use the context menu on the image right clicking or by a customized shortcut File Edit Select View Image Layer Tools Dialogs Filters Script Fu px iv 100 background 2 13 MB Cancel Figure 1 Teseo menu Warning When Teseo is launched it is automatically linked to the image by the GIMP We suggest to vectorize one image at a time and to respect the following order using Teseo open image open Teseo close Teseo close image The name of the image is visible in the main window of Teseo If you close the image before Teseo then close Teseo before reopening the image Moreover if you rename the image Teseo work well but the references to the correct session are lost In this case we strongly recommend to open Teseo only after renaming the image Warning If Teseo crashes or GIMP is closed before Teseo the session linked to the image remains locked Next time you open Teseo on the same image a warning message will be shown asking for forcing the session unlock This mechanism is useful to prevent multiple instances of Teseo for the same image only one instance for each image is allowed for a correct vectorization 3 1 Session Teseo associates to the image some information related to seismogram pa per seismic event station data and vectorization parameters This infor mation is saved in a session and it is referred to a single seismic event
27. uggestions 10 Warnings In this section are resumed all warnings contained in the manual e When Teseo is launched it is automatically linked to the image by the GIMP We suggest to vectorize one image at a time and to respect the following order using Teseo open image open Teseo close Teseo close image The name of the image is visible in the main window of Teseo Tf you close the image before Teseo then close Teseo before reopening the image 25 Moreover if you rename the image Teseo work well but the references to the correct session are lost In this case we strongly recommend to open Teseo only after renaming the image pag 7 e If Teseo crashes or GIMP is closed before Teseo the session linked to the image remains locked Next time you open Teseo on the same image a warning message will be shown asking for forcing the session unlock This mechanism is useful to prevent multiple instances of Teseo for the same image only one instance for each image is allowed for a correct vectorization pag 7 e When parasites related to an image are modified remember to save the image before closing it GIMP won t give you any advice before leaving the image pag 10 e Teseo does not support closed paths pag 10 e Unfortunately GIMP plug in developers do not have yet available proce dures APT to handle paths with two or more components User must not create multiple components in a single pat
28. x setup zip 3 Run teseo 2 x x setup exe 4 Start GIMP 2 4 Teseo for Mac OS X To install Teseo on Mac OS X you have 2 possibilities 1 Download DMG image that contains Gimp app with teseo 2 bundled DMG image is about 72 MB 2 Download binary distribution pack and use shell script configuration Distribution is about 1 MB First of all install GIMP Version 2 2 6 or newer is recommended Unpack binary distribution teseo 2 x x bin macosx tar gz cd teseo 2 x 1x bin macosz setup sh macosx Applications Gimp App To uninstall run cd teseo 2 x x bin macost setup sh macostuninstall Applications Gimp App If Gimp app doesn t reside in Applications folder change it with the correct path 3 Getting started with Teseo Teseo works only on grayscale images and it could work on any image format manageable by GIMP We prefer working only on xcf format the GIMP proprietary format for several reasons e xcf can save layers channels and paths e rcf can put up parasites arbitrary pieces of data which can be attached to various GIMP objects Teseo is able to import export all information about seismogram and vectorization within the xef file e rcf natively supports gzip and bzip2 compression To start Teseo you have to 1 Start GIMP 2 Open seismogram image The image must be converted in grayscale Image Mode Grayscale in GIMP context and then saved in xcf format 3 Select Teseo 2 from Teseo men
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