Layer 3 Routing User's Manual
Contents
1. Setting Description Factory Default OSPF State Select the option to enable disable the OSPF Disable Function OSPF Router ID Set the L3 switch s Router ID 0 0 0 0 Current Router ID Show the current L3 switch s Router ID 0 0 0 0 Redistribute Redistribute routing information to other protocols Connected OSPF Area Settings OSPF Area Settings OSPF Area Entry Area ID 0 0 0 0 Area Type Normal v Metric o 0 65535 lt cia OSPF Area Table An OSPF domain is divided into areas that are labeled with 32 bit area identifiers which are commonly written in the dot decimal notation of an IPv4 address Areas are used to divide a large network into smaller network areas They are logical groupings of hosts and networks including their routers having interfaces connected to any of the included networks Each area maintains a separate link state database whose information may be summarized towards the rest of the network by the connecting router Thus the topology of an area is unknown outside of the area This reduces the amount of routing traffic between parts of an autonomous system OSPF Area Entry Area ID Area Type Metric Setting Description Factory Default Area ID Define the areas that this L3 switch router connects to 0 0 0 0 Area Type Define the area type Stub Area or NSSA Normal Metric Define the metric value 0 OSPF Area Table Shows the current OSPF area table in the L3 sw2. A routing entry includes the following items the destination address the next hop address which is the next router along the path to the destination address and a metric that represents the cost we need to pay to access a different network Static Routing You can define the routes yourself by specifying what is the next hop or router that the Layer 3 switch forwards data for a specific subnet The settings of the Static Route will be added to the routing table and stored in the Layer 3 switch Layer 3 Routing Introduction to Layer 3 Switches Dynamic Routing with RIP Routing Information Protocol RIP is a distance vector based routing protocol that can be used to automatically build up a routing table in the Moxa Layer 3 switch The Moxa Layer 3 switch can efficiently update and maintain the routing table and optimize the routing by identifying the smallest metric and most matched mask prefix Dynamic Routing with OSPF Open Shortest Path First The Moxa Layer 3 switch also supports OSPF open shortest path first which uses Link State instead of hop count to determine the network route OSPF is more complicated than RIP However compared to RIP OSPF has faster network convergence and results in less network traffic Both RIP and OSPF are usually referred to as Interior Gateway Protocols IGP 2 IP Interface Before configuring the routing protocols we first need to set the correct IP interfaces for th
3. IP address Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols NOTE Next Hop This option is used to specify the next router along the path to the destination Metric This option is a value assigned to an IP route for a particular network interface The value identifies the cost associated with using that route to access the neighboring network After inputting all of the information for a static routing configuration click the Add button to add it to the static routing table Static Routing Table NOTE There are two action buttons for setting up the Static Routing Table Delete To remove the selected entries from the Static Routing Table Modify To modify the contents of a selected entry in the Static Routing Table The entries in the Static Routing Table will not be added to the Moxa Layer 3 switch s routing table until you click the Activate button Dynamic Routing with RIP Routing Information Protocol RIP is a distance vector based routing protocol that can be used to automatically build up a routing table in the Moxa Layer 3 switch The Moxa Layer 3 switch can efficiently update and maintain the routing table and optimize the routing by identifying the smallest metric and most matched mask prefix RIP Settings RIP is a distance vector routing protocol that employs the hop count as a routing metric RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from the source to a destinatio
4. Layer 3 Routing User s Manual First Edition March 2011 www moxa com product MOXA 2011 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Layer 3 Routing User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice O 2011 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication Technical Support Contact Information Mo
5. authentication to exchange routing update information in a secure manner OSPF authentication can either be none simple or MD5 However authentication is not necessary to be set If it is set all L3 switches routers on the same segment must have the same password and authentication method Auth Key Authentication key means the clear text password when using N A Simple method of the authentication type or MD5 encrypted password when using MD5 of authentication type MD5 Key ID MD5 authentication provides higher security than plain text 1 authentication This method uses the MD5 to calculate a hash value from the contents of the OSPF packet and the authentication key This hash value is transmitted in the packet along with a key ID Metric Manually set Metric Cost of OSPF 1 OSPF Interface Table Shows the current OSPF interface table in a list 3 5 Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols Area ID Area Type Metric Setting Description Factory Default Area ID Define the areas that this L3 switch router connects to 0 0 0 0 Area Type Define the area type Stub Area or NSSA Normal Metric Define the metric value 0 OSPF Virtual Link Settings OSPF Virtual Link Settings OSPF Virtual Link Entry Transit Area ID 10 0 1 141 4 Neighbor Router ID OSPF Virtual Link Table Transit Area ID Neighbor Router ID All areas in an OSPF autonomous system must be physically connected to the ba
6. ce Table will not be added to the Moxa Layer 3 switch s interface table until you click the Activate button 2 2 3 Routing Protocols The Moxa Layer 3 switch supports two routing methods static routing and dynamic routing Dynamic routing makes use of RIP Vi Vic V2 or OSPF You can either choose static routing only or combine static routing and one of the dynamic routing methods to establish your routing table A routing entry includes the following items the destination address the next hop address which is the next router along the path to the destination address and a metric that represents the cost we need to pay to access a different network Static Routing You can define the routes yourself by specifying what is the next hop or router that the Layer 3 switch forwards data for a specific subnet The settings of the Static Route will be added to the routing table and stored in the Layer 3 switch Static Route Settings The Static Route page is used to set up the static routing table for the Moxa Layer 3 switch Static Route Static Route Entry Destination Address Netmask Next Hop Metric 1 255 Static Routing Table E A Destination Address Netmask Next Hop DO 100 10 3 1 255 255 255 0 100 10 1 254 10 O 100 10 41 255 255 255 0 100 10 2 254 20 Static Route Entry Destination Address You can specify the destination s IP address Netmask This option is used to specify the subnet mask for this
7. ckbone area Area 0 0 0 0 However this is impossible in some cases For those cases users can create a virtual link to connect to the backbone through a non backbone area and also use virtual links to connect two parts of a partitioned backbone through a non backbone area OSPF Virtual Link Entry Configuration details Setting Description Factory Default Transit Area ID Define the areas that this L3 switch router connects to N A Neighbor Router ID Define the neighbor L3 switch route s ID N A OSPF Virtual Link Table Shows the current OSPF virtual link table OSPF Area Aggregation Settings OSPF Area Aggregation Settings OSPF Aggreation Entry Area ID 10 0 1 1 Network Address Network Mask OSPF Aggregation Table Network Address Network Mask 3 6 Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols Each of OSPF areas which consist of a set of interconnected subnets and traffic across areas is handled by routers attached to two or more areas known as Area Border Routers ABRs With OSPF aggregation function users can combine groups of routes with common addresses into a single routing table entry The function is used to reduce the size of routing tables OSPF Aggregation Entry Configuration details Setting Description Factory Default Area ID Select the Area ID that you want to configure N A Network Address Fill in the network address in the area N A Network Mask Fill in the network ma
8. e network IP Interface Setting The IP Interface Setting page is used to assign the interface IP Interface Setting IP Interface Entry Interface Name IP Address Subnet Mask VLAN ID 2 Proxy ARP CJ Enable IP Interface Table Interface Name IP Address Subnet Mask VLAN ID Proxy ARP IF_1 100 10 1 1 255 255 255 0 2 Disabled Oo F2 100 10 21 255 255 255 0 3 Disabled Interface Name Used to describe this interface max of 30 characters IP Address This option is used to specify the IP address of this interface Subnet Mask This option is used to specify the subnet mask for this IP address VLAN ID Setting Description Factory Default ID numbers Display all available VLAN IDs that you have set in the Virtual None if no VLAN ID LAN To establish an interface you must first assign an is available available ID to this interface If a VLAN ID is assigned twice a warning message will appear Proxy ARP Setting Description Factory Default Enable Disable This option is used to enable or disable the Proxy ARP Disabled Layer 3 Routing IP Interface There are three action buttons for setting up the IP Interface Table Add To add a entry into the IP Interface Table Delete To remove the selected entries from the IP Interface Table Modify To modify the content of a selected entry in the IP Interface Table SAA NOTE The entries in the IP Interfa
9. ete ceta estore Na 3 2 Dynamic Routing with RIP Routing Information Protocol ococcocnconncnnconnnnnnonnnnnroninnnnenincnnnninnnnnnrnannnninanos 3 2 painaen d a E E S eet lage ee te tt 3 2 Dynamic Routing with OSPF Open Shortest Path FirSt ococcocncocnnnncncnnnncnnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnrnnnannrnanannss 3 3 OSPA O E E E EA EAEE 3 3 OSPFArea Setting S a a a a a EE tun an E A E 3 4 OSPF Interface SettiNgS iteiten tnoun pa t eretas pnra t aalala tolara atale ka loknir ri ENE 3 5 OSPF Vitya ink Seg S T ss 3 6 OSPF Are Aggregati on SOTO aaa aa 3 6 OSPF Neighbor Tal ii A RO S 3 7 OSPF Database Table ii taras 3 7 Gateway REduUNdaNnGy eseri feeieite cee seek ttreke eigen beet atenaeee AAA 3 8 VRRP SCELIN OS sree caranenanesancuan iii 3 8 ROUTE 3 9 1 Introduction to Layer 3 Switches Moxa offers Layer 3 switches that perform data switching on the Network Layer Layer 3 of the ISO s OSI layer model Unlike Layer 2 switching which uses the MAC address for exchanging data a Layer 3 switch uses the IP address to represent the destination of a data packet The Layer 3 Switching Concept IP Internet Protocol is a protocol defined on layer 3 of the 7 layer OSI model The IP address is used to address data packets on the Network Layer and is not tied to the hardware of a device or PC The IP address can be assigned by the system operator or network administrator Since Layer 2 switches use the MAC address to determ
10. ine the destination of transmitted data packets and Layer 3 switches use the IP address some mechanism is needed to associate MAC addresses with IP addresses This is done by ARP Address Resolution Protocol which creates a table that matches MAC addresses to IP addresses When a PC sends out an ARP request which is just a broadcast packet requiring the IP address owner to send back his MAC address two situations could occur e If your PC and the IP address owner are on the same subnet the IP address owner will use a unicast packet which contains his MAC address to reply to your PC Thereafter your PC will use this MAC address to transmit to the IP address owner directly e If your PC and the IP address owner are not on the same subnet your PC will not receive a reply so it will ask for the MAC address of the Layer 3 switch gateway router To transmit data packets to the IP address owner your PC packs the data packet with the IP address and sends the packet to the Layer 3 switch gateway router using its MAC address The Layer 3 switch gateway router receives the data packet re packs it and then forwards it to the next hop according to the routing rules Static Routing and Dynamic Routing The Moxa Layer 3 switch supports two routing methods static routing and dynamic routing Dynamic routing makes use of RIP V1 Vic V2 and OSPF You can either choose one routing method or combine the two methods to establish your routing table
11. itch router 3 4 Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols OSPF Interface Settings OSPF Interface Settings OSPF Interface Setting Entry Interface Name LAN_A M Area ID 10 0 1 1 v Router Priority 1 0 255 Hello Interval 10 1 65535 Dead Interval 40 1 65535 Auth Type None Auth Key l up to 8 characters MD5 Key ID 1 1 255 Metric 1 1 65535 OSPF Interface Table MD5 A Man interface Name IP Address Area ID State Priority Hello Dead Auth Key Key Metric Type ID Before using OSPF we have to assign an interface for each area Also the detailed information of the interface can be defined in this section See the details in the following descriptions OSPF Interface Setting Entry Configuration details Setting Description Factory Default Interface Name Define the interface name N A Area ID Define the Area ID N A Router Priority Define the L3 switch router s priority 1 Hello Interval Hello packets are packets that an OSPF process sends to its OSPF 10 neighbors to maintain connectivity with those neighbors The hello packets are sent at a configurable interval in seconds The value of all hello intervals must be the same within a network Dead Interval The dead interval is also a configurable interval in seconds and 40 defaults to four times the value of the hello interval Auth Type OSPF authentication allows the flexibility to authenticate OSPF None neighbors Users can enable
12. long to the same address range as the real IP address of the interface Virtual Router ID Virtual Router ID is used to assign a VRRP group The L3 switches routers which operate as master backup should have the same ID Moxa L3 switches routers support one virtual router ID for each interface The usable range of ID is 1 to 255 Factory Default Disabled 0 0 0 0 Priority Determines priority in a VRRP group The priority value range is 1 to 255 and the 255 is the highest priority If several L3 switches routers have the same priority the router with higher IP address has the higher priority The usable range is 1 to 255 100 Preemption Mode Determines whether a backup L3 switch router will take the authority of master or not Enabled 3 8 Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols Routing Table The Routing Table page shows all routing entries used by the Moxa Layer 3 switch All Routing Entry List a y Page 1 1 v All ee Connected AUMEN Next hop Interface Name Static RIP OSPF_ All Routing Entry List Setting Description Factory Default All Show all routing rules N A Connected Show connected routing rules N A Static Show static routing rules N A RIP Show RIP exchanged routing rules N A OSPF Show OSPF exchanged routing rules N A 3 9
13. ly it is a link state routing protocol and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols operating within a single autonomous system As a link state routing protocol OSPF establishes and maintains neighbor relationships in order to exchange routing updates with other routers The neighbor relationship table is called an adjacency database in OSPF OSPF forms neighbor relationships only with the routers directly connected to it In order to form a neighbor relationship between two routers the interfaces used to form the relationship must be in the same area An interface can only belong to a single area With OSPF enabled the Moxa Layer 3 switch is able to exchange routing information with other L3 switches or routers more efficiently in a large system The OSPF Settings page is used to set up OSPF configurations OSPF Settings OSPF Global Settings OSPF State Enable OSPF Router ID 0 0 0 0 Current Router ID Redistribute Connected Static route CIRIP Each L3 switch router has an OSPF router ID customarily written in the dotted decimal format e g 1 2 3 4 of an IP address This ID must be established in every OSPF instance If not explicitly configured the default ID 0 0 0 0 will be regarded as the router ID Since the router ID is an IP address it does not have to be a part of any routable subnet in the network 3 3 Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols OSPF State OSPF Router ID Current Router ID Redistribute
14. n The RIP page is used to set up the RIP parameters RIP Setting RIP Enable Choose if RIP will be enabled o RIP Version v1 RIP Send Version Choose V2 V1 Compatible RIP Distribution Connected Redistributed Static OSPF RIP Enable Table F1 100 10 1 1 2 IF_2 100 10 2 1 3 3 2 Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols RIP Enable Setting Description Factory Default Enable Disable This option is used to enable or disable the RIP function Disabled globally RIP Version You can specify which version the RIP should follow You can also select Vi Compatibility to make sure the RIP packet of Version 1 can be received as well RIP Distribution Setting Description Factory Default Connected The entries that are learned from the directly connected Unchecked interfaces will be re distributed if this option is enabled disabled Static The entries that are set in a static route will be re distributed if Unchecked this option is enabled disabled OSPF The entries that are learned from the OSPF will be Unchecked re distributed if this option is enabled disabled RIP Enable Table This is a table showing the entries learned from RIP NOTE The RIP settings will not function until you click the Activate button Dynamic Routing with OSPF Open Shortest Path First OSPF Open Shortest Path First is a dynamic routing protocol for use in Internet Protocol IP networks Specifical
15. sk N A OSPF Aggregation Table Shows the current OSPF aggregation table OSPF Neighbor Table OSPF Neighbor Table Page 1 1 iv Shows the current OSPF neighbor table OSPF Database Table OSPF Neighbor Table Page 1 1 x Neighbor ID Shows the current OSPF database table Layer 3 Routing Routing Protocols Gateway Redundancy VRRP Settings VRRP Settings VRRP Enable Enable VRRP Interface Setting Entry Enable Virtual IP a Virtual Router ID Priority Preemption Mode 1 255 1 254 Enable VRRP Interface Table Virtual VLAN VRRP ro VI Vi LAN_A 10 0 1 1 Disabled Init 0 0 0 0 LAN_B 10 0 2 1 s Disabled Init 0 0 0 0 Enabled Enabled The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol VRRP feature can solve the static configuration problem VRRP enables a group of routers to form a single virtual router with a virtual IP address The LAN clients can then be configured with the virtual router s virtual IP address as their default gateway The virtual router is the combination of a group of routers and also known as a VRRP group Enable Setting Description Factory Default Enable Checkmark the checkbox to enable the VRRP N A VRRP Interface Setting Entry Setting Enable Virtual IP Description Determines to enable the VRRP entry or not L3 switches routers in the same VRRP group must have the identical virtual IP address like VRRP ID This virtual IP address must be
16. xa Americas Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Tel 1 714 528 6777 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Moxa Europe Tel 49 89 3 70 03 99 0 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 www moxa com su ort Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 86 21 5258 5505 Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Table of Contents Introduction to Layer 3 Switches oococonconononennononennononenrnnenrnnnnnn cnn nnnrnnnnnrnnnnnnrnrnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnenenanaes 1 1 The Layer 3 Switching Concept A a 1 1 Static Routing and Dynamic ROUtING reresik oaaae aa aau aa aa EARNE IA ENA a 1 1 Static ROUMO aaae A O D a ia e E S O 1 1 Dynamic Routing with RIP Routing Information Protocol ococcococnconnncnrnnnncnnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnrnnnnnnnns 1 2 Dynamic Routing with OSPF Open Shortest Path FirSt occocccoccnnncoconnncnnnnnncnnnncncnannnnnonnnnnnnnrnrnnnnnnnns 1 2 IP INterface iii RA ANA rr rire r rrr rr rritr tt tie 2 1 IP Interface Setting eener cabs ve reiek e et pene tat taeaehateeelaaneet eh ataacaeasaaceasacncasseaeeeteseeehensetaaayiyneeva eae 2 1 Routing ProtOCOlS cccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseseueeeaseeeueasaseesusaueuseseueusasaususaseususasaueusaseueuseusueuseusueuees 3 1 SERE RAQUETA aaa a a ellen cole na Dele oe a a ahaa Ge et i Nat A vale lee 3 1 Static ROQUES SUN ct re A T T E E ESETET 3 1 A SR A O EEEE 3 1 Static ROUtING TA ecasesercpeveveaet ea rag cena dave den ete eee a neve s
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