Keystone Image File Formats
Contents
1. Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDistort tion 2 2486 tortion ortion gt gt 0 011 lt Radius gt S Om ar NOS CCI YOY 9s tortion ortion gt 0 012 lt Radius gt uon tortion ortion gt 0 013000000000000001 lt Radius gt tion 4 9218E 5 Distortion tortion ONE Loin gt 0 014 lt Radius gt con 6 1526999999999 ortion gt 0 015 lt Radius gt 9199999899999 ei OI ortion gt 0 016 lt Radius gt tion 9 089700000000001 tortion ortion gt 0 017 lt Radius gt tion 1 0848499999999999 tortion ortion gt 0 018000000000000002 lt Radius gt tion 1 2798699999999998E 4 Distortion tortion ortion gt 0 019 lt Radius gt tion 1 49401000000000021 tortion ortion gt 0 02 lt Radius gt 1726999919 IOS tortion gt ortion gt gt 0 021 lt Radi Lion 1 tortion ortion gt 0 022 lt Radius gt tion 2 24514E 4 Distortion tortion ortion gt 0 023 lt Radius gt 24 5273099999999 tortion ortion gt 0 024 lt Radius gt tion 2 82166E 4 Distortion tortion ortion gt 0 025 lt Radius gt tion 3 12486E 4 Distortion tortion2. ortion gt 0 026000000000000002 lt Radius gt tion gt 3 43272E 4 lt Distortion gt tortion gt ionTable gt E 5 Distortion E 5 Distortion E 5 Distortion E 5 lt Distortion gt E 5 lt Distortion gt E 5 lt Distortion gt E 4 lt Distortion gt E 4 lt Distortion gt E 4 lt Distortion gt us gt E 4 lt Distortion gt E 4 lt Distortion gt lt CameraData gt Keystone Image File Formats I Generic frame camera format I 35 lt ImageData gt lt FileName gt 163113320 tif lt FileName gt Imageld 163113320 ImageId AcquisitionTime 2006 06 12T02 08 37 254Z AcquisitionTime lt Crs gt 32641 lt Crs gt 081082156 MURS Ves S062 IO EAS lt 7 gt 3909 579 lt 7 gt lt Omega gt 1 79613 lt Omega gt lt Phi gt 8 2858 lt Phi gt lt gt 89 0744 lt gt lt ImageData gt lt ImageData gt lt FileName gt 163113370 tif lt FileName gt lt Imageld gt 163113370 lt Imageld gt lt AcquisitionTime gt 2006 06 12T02 08 42 202zZ lt AcquisitionTime gt lt Crs gt 32641 lt Crs gt lt X gt 803856 164 lt X gt lt gt 3509630 659 lt gt lt 2 gt 3948 952 lt 7 gt lt Omega gt 2 61303 lt Omega gt lt Phi gt 5 19439 lt Phi gt lt gt 89 42064 lt gt lt ImageData gt lt ImageData gt lt FileName g
3. 22 229 OIC SE OMIM VA scs 22 2 30 N2FOPMA utr Geb t dead uet tend 23 Chapter 3 Generic frame camera format 25 3 1 Generic frame camera format 26 3 2 Coordinate system conventions 28 3 3 FrameCameraFormat XML 29 3 4 FrameCameraFormat 33 Chapter I Image file format overview Topics The Keystone System supports a wide range of image formats These include standard image formats such as TIFF and formats specific to e Important notices imagery from individual satellites or distributors The Keystone System also reads the metadata supplied with the image file Depending upon the specific format the metadata can be embedded in the image file or be contained in a separate metadata file 8 I Keystone Image File Formats I Image file format overview 1 1 Important notices 1 1 1 Copyrights Copyright 9 2000 2013 by Spacemetric AB including this documentation and all software All rights reserved May only be used pursuant to General Terms for Spacemetric Software License Agreement 1 1 2 Disclamer DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY SPACEMETRIC AB MAKES NO WARRANTIES EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL OR WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE
4. Coordinate system conventions FrameCameraFormat XML schema FrameCameraFormat example 26 Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format 3 1 Generic frame camera format overview The FrameCameraFormat is intended for a generic definition of the geometry in aerial frame camera images The metadata is provided in an XML file describing the interior orientation of a frame camera and the exterior orientation of a set of image acquisitions The structure of the metadata XML file is described below The elements with a dashed outline are optional elements FrameCamera its Figure 1 Frame camera base element CameraData Camerspata Figure 2 Camera data element FocalPlaneAffine FocalPlaneAffine Figure 3 Focal plane affine transform element Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format 27 RadialDistortionTable Radial lens distortion table Figure 4 Radial distortion table element Radial distortion at a specific radial distance Units are meters The radius is the focal plane distance in an ideal pin hole model from the principal point radius measured radius distortion Figure 5 Radial distortion element Estimated accuracy in Figure 6 Accuracy estimate element 28 Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format ImageData ImagebData Figur
5. Distortion RadialDistortion lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0050 lt Radius gt Distortion 2 8119999999999995E 6 Distortion RadialDistortion lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0060 lt Radius gt Distortion 4 86E 6 Distortion RadialDistortion lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0070 lt Radius gt Distortion 7 718E 6 Distortion RadialDistortion lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0080 lt Radius gt lt Distortion gt 1 1521E 5 lt Distortion gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 009000000000000001 lt Radius gt lt Distortion gt 1 64E 5 lt Distortion gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 01 lt Radius gt 34 I Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Disto RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius lt D OS RadialDis RadialDist Radius Distor RadialDis RadialDist Radius
6. UTM GeoTIFF NITF Basic Standard UTM GeoTIFF NITF Basic Standard UTM GeoTIFF NITF Basic Standard UTM Quickbird 2 DigitalGlobe Format Worldview 1 DigitalGlobe Format Worldview 2 DigitalGlobe Format 12 I Keystone Image File Formats I Import Sensor Format ID Metadata Format Key file Image Format Processing Level default pattern Pleiades 1A DIM xml SENSOR ORTHO Landsat 8 OLI TIRS Landsat8 Format USGS LDOM L1 format MTL txt GeoTIFF band L1T L1Gt Separate Landsat 7 ETM LandsatFast Format FAST L7A hrf fst htm fst BSQ band separate 1G UTM _hpn fst Landsat 7 ETM LandsatEsaCeos CEOS vdf_dat CEOS System Corrected Format UTM Landsat 7 ETM LandsatNlaps Format NDF NLAPS 1 h2 h3 BSQ band separate System Corrected UTM Landsat 4 5 TM EosatFas tFormat Eosat Fast B Format header dat BSQ band separate System Corrected UTM Landsat 4 5 TM LandsatEsaCeos CEOS vdf dat CEOS System Corrected Format UTM Landsat 4 5 TM LandsatNlaps Format NDF NLAPS h1 hd BSQ band separate System Corrected UTM Landsat MSS LandsatNlaps Format NDF NLAPS hit hg BSQ band separate System Corrected UTM Radarsat 1 2 RadarsatFormat CEOS CEOS SGF SGX XML GeoTIFF IRS P6 IrsSuperStructure LGSOWG super leader LGSOWG System Corrected Format structure Cartosat 1 2 band tif band paa Rad corr path oriented DMC satelites SIP Keystone SIP m
7. nt f extension Ephemeris and attitude files are also assumed to be present with the same name but with eph and att extension The dataset is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbital model is constructed The products supported are GeoEye 1 Basic product TIFF and uncompressed NITF There is also a compressed NITF product option available which is not presently supported by this import routine 2 24 KompsatFormat Images from Kompsat 2 are supported in the TIFF format http www spotimage fr web en 1 155 kompsat 2 images php The import will open the image TIFF file and decode the three metadata files with the txt rpc and eph extensions The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated from the RPC coefficients The product supported is Kompsat 2 level 1G 2A 2 25 FrameCameraFormat Generic aerial frame camera format The generic metadata is an XML file describing the interior orientation of a frame camera and the exterior orientation of a set of image acquisitions The format is described in detail in Generic Frame Camera Format The import will open the XML metadata file and decode data for the images described in the file Only the images for which the metadata file path points to an existing disk file are returned in the array of opened images The product supported is generic aerial frame camera 221 Keystone Image File Formats I Import
8. 2 26 LeicaAdsFormat Images from the Leica ADS40 aerial pushbroom scanner The import will open the associated Socet Set Support file sup The support file supplies the names for the following files e ADS file ads This file contains the names of the image files and tiling schemes CAM file cam The camera calibration file with detector position map e ODF file odf These files contain the orientation data The adjusted variant selected if available otherwise the original odf is used All files must be available in the same directory as the support file The import will open the support file and decode metadata from all the referenced files A rigorous geometrical observation model is generated for the full image The product supported is Level 1 2 27 EnvisatFormat The system supports import of Envisat images from the ASAR MERIS and AATSR instruments The products must be in ESA Envisat format http envisat esa int support docs productspecs and processed to level 1 The import will open a combined image and metadata file with the name gt N1 The file is decoded and a 3D polynomial geometrical model is generated 2 28 CbersFormat CBERS 2B CBERS 2B products are available from INPE They are available for free download at http www chers inpe br The import will open the metadata file with the default name pattern CBERS 2B HRC xml The image f
9. 2 6 DigitalGloDOFOFYTIBEb aes cero eig roce 15 2 7 EROS PORN AL e eio deo delebo ndo de blat Uf 16 2 8 POTD IMAP OR cu oed Mete cada e tg be e rr ee 16 2 9 SpoIDiiap2FOorma l s o er EE Maria erue 16 2 10 SPOIC ap FORM l ses tito un nis deas ad 17 2 cos ee re E ee ditor E or RE 17 2 12 Oo rae eta 18 2 13 EosalFastPoIT dl ee o OH ERA tees SA ite 18 2 14 rr rr rr 18 2 15 69 5 oe nen rna 19 tes cua 19 217 RadatsdtFoLtiat IDA Ra inet 19 2 18 IrssuperStr etureFoFtTial sach eret einen 19 2 19 IrSOmhoKItPOLftiSl aceite oS Pa bre ieee cua A dte 20 2 20 CartosatFortiiat es dede ot ote rn etus mana 20 2212 oin 20 2 22 OIDVIGWEDIITIGES Liter ett tpe peer siete rhe are 21 2 2 3 80EVOFONTIBES s i atn e At nba acutos vee eed 21 2 24 SROMPSALF ORM AG ss pereo tete ia Mu Rs 21 2 25 2 0 00 21 6 Keystone Image File Formats 2 2b LeicaAUSFOHTIBE 5 nedre kr io tb Mo oberste d eed 22 2 21 ENVIS GF ORM AU zs uii o t EU E rn RSEN E pc n IM I 22 2 28 OBerslF ONTIdloacic SAR AMAR ac ette teo
10. DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL ITS QUALITY PERFORMANCE MERCHANTABILIT Y OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE NO EVENT SHALL SPACEMETRIC AB BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE SOFTWARE Chapter 2 Import Topics Supported import formats Supported import sensors StandardlmageFormat DimapFormat IkonosCarterraFormat DigitalGlobeFormat ErosFormat SpotDimapFormat SpotDimap2Format SpotCapFormat Landsat8Format LandsatFastFormat EosatFastFormat LandsatEsaCeosFormat LandsatNlapsFormat ErsPriFormat RadarsatFormat IrsSuperStructureFormat IrsOrthoKitFormat CartosatFormat FormosatFormat OrbviewFormat GeoEyeFormat KompsatFormat FrameCameraFormat LeicaAdsFormat EnvisatFormat CbersFormat Dmc2Format N2Format Description of the import step in the context of image file formats Import is a pre processing step performed on all imagery ingested into the Keystone System The import step reads and processes the image metadata and generates all the data structures and geometrical models used by the Keystone System The result is stored in a SIP metadata file meta sip or uploaded to the catalogue In some cases the image files are processed during import to correct for band misregistration or to merge tiled images into a single image No data values are used consistently in all image processing steps such as rectification However the value must be set correctly when the imag
11. Line 1 A1 Line 2 A2 Line 3 B1 Line 4 B2 Line 5 A0 Line 6 BO The coefficients read from these lines define an affine transformation from image raster coordinates to a ground coordinate system The transformation is defined as X 2X0 AL 55 152 ro NC BO lt r Bil gt colti BA 5 ro The raster coordinate system has its origin at the centre of the pixel in the upper left corner The world file must follow a naming convention If the image file name has a 3 character extension image tif the world file has the same name followed by an extension containing the first and last letters of the image s extension and ending with image t fw If the extension has more or fewer than three characters including no extension at all the world file name is formed by simply appending a w to the image file name The world file does not carry any information on which coordinate reference system the coordinates refer to The coordinate reference in the form of the EPSG code must be supplied to the import routine 2 3 4 Georeferenced standard image formats Some standard image files contain full georeferencing information integrated with the image file In these cases the import routine will generate the geometrical model without the need for any auxiliary file or additional setting of attributes GeoTIFF A GeoTIFF file is an ordinary TIFF file with some extra tags containing georeferencing in
12. SGX XML GeoTIFF GeoEyeFormat GeoEye 1 PVL file GeoTIFF NITF not BASIC compressed Keystone Image File Formats I Import I 11 Format ID Sensor Metadata Format Image Format Processing Level DmcFormat UK DMC SIP group file group sip TIFF L1 L2 AlgeriaSat 1 NigeriaSat 1 Beijing 1 UK DMC2 Deimos 1 Dmc2Format UK DMC2 DMC format TIFF tags TIFF LOR Nigeriasat X N2Format _LOR xml FrameCameraFormat Aerial frame camera Generic aerial frame camera TIFF format XML EnvisatFormat ENVISAT ASAR ESA Envisat format N1 ESA Envisat format N1 Level 1 ENVISAT MERIS ENVISAT AATSR CbersFormat CBERS 2B XML CBERS 28 HRC xm TIFF Level 2 Ska36NitfFormat Ska36 NITF NITF 2 2 Supported import sensors Sensor Format ID Metadata Format Key file Image Format Processing Level default pattern Any Standardimage Format tif jpg 2 png BIL BSQ TIFF Image header bmp ntf img JFIF JPEG PNG RPC file optional etc BMP GeoTIFF NITF DTED world file optional Erdaslmagine Any generic SIP Keystone SIP metadata file meta sip propriatory Any generic DimapFormat dim Standard image formats Ikonos 2 IkonosCarterra Format Carterra metadata txt GeoTIFF NITF Geo or Geo Ortho Kit UTM GeoEye 1 GeoEyeFormat PVL file GeoTIFF NITF not GEO compressed GeoEye 1 IkonosCarterra Format metadata txt GeoTIFF NITF Geo or Geo Ortho Kit
13. camera kappa angle decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd sequence gt 32 Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format xsd complexType lt xsd element name CameraData type CameraData gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Camera identification and interior orientation lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd complexType name CameraData gt lt xsd sequence gt lt xsd element name Camerald type xsd string gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Camera id lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name FocalLength type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Focal length in meters lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element ref FocalPlaneAffine gt lt xsd element ref RadialDistortionTable minOccurs 0 gt lt xsd sequence gt xsd complexType lt xsd element name RadialDistortionTable type RadialDistortionTable gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Radial lens distortion table lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd complexType name RadialDistortionTable gt xsd sequence xsd element ref RadialDistortion minOccurs 2 maxOccurs unbounded lt x
14. four of these values contain a time range that can be parsed If the parsed time range does not correspond to the acqusition time of the Landsat scene they are out of date This is signalled by setting the following collections BPF OLI INVALID BPF NAME TIRS INVALID CPF NAME INVALID RLUT FILE NAME INVALID 2 12 LandsatFastFormat Landsat 7 ETM scenes can be imported in FAST L7A format http landsathandbook gsfc nasa gov handbook pd fs level1 rev5 401 pdf The import will open a metadata file with the name HPN FST Panchromatic band band 8 HRF FST Reflective bands bands 1 5 7 HTM FST Thermal bands bands 6A 6B The image files _Bxx FST must exist in the same folder as the metadata file The file is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated If more than one metadata file from the same scene is imported the geometrical models for their corresponding images will be connected The product supported is Landsat 7 ETM level 1G UTM projection 2 13 EosatFastFormat The Eosat Fast Format or FAST B FORMAT is an older version of the Fast Format which sometimes is used for Landsat 4 5 TM scenes The import will open a metadata file with the name header dat All image files must exist in the same folder as the header file The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components i
15. images This means that the import constructs the metadata for a mosaic of all images in a single strip of acquisition in the catalogue This strip mosaic can then be accessed as if it was a real image Keystone uses its on the fly processing to produce the strip as one single image when requested The strip mosic image can t be accessed until all the images in a strip have been imported The ID s for the strip images generated for the example above would be 00014 7 000 BLUE 000147VI 000 GREEN M000147VI 000 RED M000147VI 000 00014 7 000 PAN 000147 1 000 MUL CJ GJ where 000 identifies that this is the full strip and not a single scene As in the virtual band merged case the BLUE GREEN RED NIR images will be treated as hidden images and normally not be visible Shared strip model Each spectral band will have its own geometrical model but they all share the same orbit and attitude models This is also true for all the scenes in a strip The strip model is stored in the catalogue with the event as ID The ID for the strip model in the example above will be DXFFFF83 The consequence of the shared strip model is that an adjustment of the model parameters for a single band or scene will affect the models for all bands and scenes for that strip Chapter 3 Generic frame camera format Topics Concept definition Generic frame camera format overview
16. projection centre meters or decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Y type xsd double lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Northing of projection centre meters or decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Z type xsd double lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Height of projection centre meters Keystone Image File Formats I Generic frame camera format I 31 above mean sea level lt xsd documentation gt xsd annotation lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Omega type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Camera omega angle decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Phi type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Camera phi angle decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Kappa type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Camera kappa angle decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd sequence gt xsd complexType lt xsd element name AccuracyEstimate type AccuracyEstimate gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Estimated accuracy in exterior orientation e
17. 000147VI 001 4LOR BSQ DM000147VI 001 LOR xml DM000147VI AOCS xml The import will create a separate geometric model for each spectral band Each band will be a separate output image from the import The image ID s in the catalogue are constructed from the image ID s given in the metadata file In the example above the image ID s will become e 000147 001 BLUE DM000147VI 001 GREEN e 000147 001 RED e DM000147VI 001 e DM000147VI 001 PAN where DM000147VT is the strip id 001 is the scene number in the strip and BLUE is the spectral band id 241 Keystone Image File Formats I Import Virtual band merged image The import also supports the concept of virtual band merged images This means that the import constructs the metadata for a band registered blue green red nir image in the catalogue This multispectral image can then be accessed as if it was a real image Keystone uses its on the fly processing to produce the multispectral image when requested The ID for the virtual multispectral image in the example above will be DM000147VI 001 MUL ID s for the separate multispectral bands GREEN will normally be treated by Keystone as hidden images not visible There is an attribute in Keystone preferences that controls if the hidden images shall be visible or not Virtual strip image The import also supports the concept of virtual strip mosaic
18. 1B and 2A 2 11 Landsat8Format The USGS format for LDCM level 1 scenes is used to provide orthorectified Landsat 8 products The import will open a metadata file with the name MTL txt Each spectral band is stored in a separate GeoTIFF file All image files must exist in the same folder as the metadata file The products supported are Landsat 8 LIT Landsat 8 L1Gt If the product contains OLI or OLI TIRS import will result in two images one for the panchromatic band at 15 m resolution and one for the remaining bands at 30 m resolution If the product only contains TIRS there will only be one image generated with bands in 30 m resolution If two images are generated they will still share the same scene and geometrical model The panchromatic image will have a tag PAN set while the multispectral image will have tag MUL set The property STRIP ID can be used to explicitely set the strip id in the catalogue If this property is not set the strip id will be constructed as LANDSAT8_ path number orbit date In addition to the standard Keystone metadata the following properties can be set and added as keywords 10 PROCESSOR VERSION LO QUALITY ALGORITHM VERSION In addition to the standard Keystone metadata the following attributes from the MTL txt file are added as keywords ELEVATION SOURCE BPF NAME OLI BPF NAME TIRS CPF NAME RLUT FILE NAME 18 Keystone Image File Formats I Import The last
19. Basic Standard ortho ready 2 7 ErosFormat The system supports import of Eros A1 scenes from ImageSat International http www imagesatintl com The import will open a metadata file with the name PASS image file with extension 1A Or t if must be present in the same folder as the metadata file The file is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbit geometrical model is generated The product supported is Eros A1 Basic Scene level 1A 2 8 SpotDimapFormat The import routine supports Spot scenes in DIMAP format using the profile Spot Scene http www spotimage fr dimap spec dimap htm The import will open metadata file with the name metadata dim The file is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbital geometric model is generated The products supported are Spot 1 2 3 HRV level 1A 1B and 2A Spot 4 HRVIR level 1B and 2A Spot 5 HRG level 1A 1B and 2A 2 9 SpotDimap2Format Pleiades images are available from Astrium http Avww astrium geo com en 3030 pleiades format delivery Each scene is delivered in a separate folder with an XML metadata file describing the scene The XML file is encoded in Dimap version 2 format The import will open the XML file and decode its metadata If the scene is a Sensor product it will generate a rigorous satellite orbital model The scene is sometimes divided into several tiles with separate image files for each tile Then there are two options for the im
20. Keystone Image File Formats User Manual Keystone Image File Formats User Manual 4 Keystone Image File Formats Introduction Keystone Image File Formats User Manual Published by Spacemetric AB Tingsv gen 17 SE 19161 Sollentuna Sweden 46 8 594 770 80 www spacemetric com Copyright 2013 Spacemetric AB No part of this document can be reproduced in any manner either electronic or manually without the express written consent of the publisher Keystone Image File Formats TOC 5 Contents Chapter 1 Image file format 7 1 1 HE EE UR Iota art RIO 8 T T TC OY IGN eh 8 11 2 Disca Mei ig deseo a o e poe 8 Chapter 2 Enni Eak 9 2 1 Supported Import fOrtelS 10 2 2 Supported import SENSOrS 11 2 3 tandardimageRoHTIaLb ecu ea rr rr ceti 13 2 3 1 Raw image en ne te 13 2 3 2 Simple standard image 13 2 3 3 Simple georeferencing auxiliary files 13 2 3 4 Georeferenced standard image formats 14 24 DihapEormal 15 2 5 IKONOS Cantera OF severe cues cx e recent ro edens 15
21. a format I 33 lt xsd element name X1 type xsd double gt lt xsd element name X2 type xsd double gt lt xsd element name YO type xsd double gt lt xsd element name Y1 type xsd double gt lt xsd element name Y2 type xsd double gt lt xsd sequence gt xsd complexType xsd schema 3 4 FrameCameraFormat example This following example describes three image acquisitions taken with Applanix DSS camera It includes a radial distortion table lt xml version 1 0 encoding ISO 8859 1 lt FrameCamera xmlns http www spacemetric com framecamera gt lt CameraData gt lt FocalLengt lt FocalPlaneAffine gt lt 0 gt 0 O01822014 lt x0 gt lt X1 gt 9 0E 6 lt X1 gt lt X2 gt 0 0 lt X2 gt lt 0 gt 0 01820754 lt 0 gt lt Y1 gt 0 0 lt Y1 gt lt 2 gt 9 0 6 lt 2 gt lt FocalPlaneAffine gt h gt 0 054939 lt FocalLength gt lt RadialDistortionTable gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0010 lt Radius gt lt Distortion gt 2 2E 8 lt Distortion gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0020 lt Radius gt Distortion 1 8E 7 Distortion RadialDistortion lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0030 lt Radius gt Distortion 6 07E 7 Distortion RadialDistortion lt RadialDistortion gt lt Radius gt 0 0040 lt Radius gt Distortion 1 439E 6
22. e 7 Image data element 3 2 Coordinate system conventions The coordinate systems used in this definition are based on three right handed systems 1 The ground coordinate system X Y Z This is the easting northing and orthometric height in the ground coordinate reference system 2 The camera coordinate system x y z is fixed in the platform with the optical centre as its origo This system has the x axis in the aircraft length direction flying direction the z axis upward and the y axis completing the right handed system The attitude angles describes the rotation of this system relative to the ground system 3 The raster coordinate system col row represents the full frame image raster coordinates It has its origo 0 0 in the centre of the upper left pixel in the image The image model places the image between the ground and the optical centre It is positioned parallel to the camera x y plane but at z focal length This means that an image object will have a viewing direction vector in the camera system x y focalLength Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format 29 The relation between the raster column row system and the camera x y system is described by the focal plane affine transform es il C Goluma wil v EO This takes into account the orientation of the raster in the camera frame system the detector size and the locatio
23. e accessed as if it was a real image Keystone uses its on the fly processing to produce the multispectral image when requested The ID for the virtual multispectral image in the example above will be DXFFFF83 MUL The ID s for the separate multispectral bands GREEN RED NIR will normally be treated by Keystone as hidden images and not visible There is an attribute in Keystone preferences that controls if the hidden images shall be visible or not Shared strip model Each spectral band will have its own geometrical model but they all share the same orbit and attitude models This is also true for the two banks in a single event The strip model is stored in the catalogue with the event as ID The ID for the strip model in the example above will be DXFFFF83 The consequence of the shared strip model is that an adjustment of the model parameters for a single band or bank will affect the models for all bands and banks for the event 2 30 N2Format Images from Nigeriasat 2 processed to level LOR are supported Both the VHRI and MRI sensors are supported The import will open the XML metadata file with the default name pattern DM LOR xml It then reads the AOCS and image files referenced in the metadata file The complete set of files for a single scene VHRI LOR import are normally as in the example below e DM000147VI 001 OLOR BSO e DM000147VI 001 1LO0R BSQ e DM000147VI 001 2LOR BSOQ e DM000147VI 001 3LOR BSOQ e DM
24. e is imported Some formats have a defined no data value and others depend on a default zero value The handling of no data is especially important when importing DEMs 10 I Keystone Image File Formats I Import 2 1 Supported import formats Format ID Metadata Format Image Format Processing Level Any StandardlmageFormat Image header BIL BIP BSQ RPC file optional TIFF JFIF JPEG PNG BMP world file optional GeoTIFF NITF DTED Keystone propriatory SIP meta sip DimapFormat Any generic Dimap generic Raw and Standard image formats IkonosCarterraFormat Ikonos 2 Carterra GeoTIFF NITF Geo or Geo Ortho Kit UTM UTM DigitalGlobeFormat Quickbird 2 XML Image support data GeoTIFF NITF Basic Standard UTM Worldview 1 Worldview 2 SpotDimapFormat Spot 1 4 Dimap TIFF 1A 1B 2A Spot 5 SpotDimap2Format Pleiades 1A Dimap v2 TIFF JPEG2000 SENSOR ORTHO Spot 6 LandsatFastFormat Landsat 7 ETM FAST L7A BSQ band separate 1G UTM EosatFastFormat BSQ band separate System Corrected Landsat 4 5 TM Eosat Fast Format Fast B Format UTM LandsatEsaCeosFormat Landsat 4 5 TM im Corrected Landsat 7 ETM LandsatNlapsFormat NDF NLAPS BSQ band separate System Corrected Landsat MSS UTM Landsat 4 5 TM Landsat 7 ETM Landsat8Format Landsat 8 OLI TIRS USGS LDCM Level 1 format GeoTIFF band separate L1Gt RadarsatFormat Radarsat 1 2 CEOS CEOS SGF
25. ectral image information are present in the same metadata file the geometrical models for the images will be connected The products supported are Carterra Geo or Geo Ortho Kit GeoTIFF NITF UTM 2 6 DigitalGlobeFormat Quickbird 2 and Worldview 1 images are available from DigitalGlobe http www digitalglobe com Each scene is delivered in a separate folder with an XML metadata file describing the scene The import will open the XML file and decode its metadata If the scene is a Basic product it will generate a rigorous satellite orbital model If it is a Standard ortho ready product it will generate a general 3D polynomial model from the RPC coefficients The scene is sometimes divided into several tiles with separate image files for each tile Then there are two options for the import 16 I Keystone Image File Formats Import 1 The tiles can be merged into a single scene file The file format will be TIFF Tile size and compression are selectable 2 The import also supports the concept of virtual mosaic images This means that the import constructs the metadata for a mosaic of all the tiles in the catalogue This virtual mosaic scene can then be accessed as if it was a real image Keystone uses its on the fly processing to produce the scene mosaic as one single image when requested The products supported are e Quickbird 2 Basic Standard ortho ready Worldview 1 Basic Standard ortho ready Worldview 2
26. etadata file meta sip TIFF UK DMC AlgeriaSat 1 propriatory NigeriaSat 1 Beijing 1 UK DMC2 Deimos 1 UK DMC2 Dmc2Format DMC format TIFF tags LOR Tif TIFF sO_LOR Tif Nigeriasat X Dmc2Format DMC format TIFF tags TIFF sO_LOR Tif Nigeriasat 2 N2Format LOR xml TIFF L Aerial frame camera Generic aerial frame camera format XML Terrasar X MGD GEC EEC Li Li 1 OR OR OR Envisat ASAR Level 1 Envisat MERIS Keystone Image File Formats I Import 13 Sensor Format ID Metadata Format Key file Image Format Processing Level default pattern CBERS 2B CbersFormat CBERS 28 HRC xml TIFF Ska36Format NITF TIFF Ska36NitfFormat 2 3 StandardimageFormat StandardlmageFormat opens images that have no specific information on the sensor It only opens the image as an unknown image raster If available georeferencing information is read from the image header or from auxiliary files 2 3 1 Raw image format The raw image formats supported are BIL bands interleaved by line BIP bands interleaved by pixel BSQ bands sequential These files do not contain any information on how the pixels are organised The import routines therefore require as a minimum the following attributes to be provided Number of pixels in a line Number of lines Number of bands Number of bytes to skip in the file before the image data starts Data ty
27. formation When the standard import routine is presented a TIFF file it always tries to find the GeoTIFF tags If available it is used to georeference the image NITF If the standard image import routine encounters an NITF file it will try to extract georeferencing information from it If available it is used to georeference the image No other metadata is extracted by the standard import routine DTED DTED is a format specific for digital elevation models dt0 The standard image import routine will georeference it Erdas Imagine This is the Erdas Imagine propriatory format img The standard image import routine will read the georeferencing information if available Keystone Image File Formats Import 15 2 4 DimapFormat The DIMAP generic format is a general purpose metadata format for remote sensing imagery In addition to storing the pure image layout and georeferencing information it can carry detailed information on the satellite sensors used processing information and many other types of metadata The DIMAP generic format is used by Keystone as the main format for import export of full metadata when no specialised format is available DIMAP generic is metadata stored in an XML based format It is stored in a separate file usually with the extension dim The specification is available at http www spotimage fr dimap spec dictionary dictionary htm 2 5 IkonosCarterraFormat Import of Ikonos or GeoEye scenes is s
28. g with MET TXT RPC ORG TXT RPC TXT All image files must exist in the same folder as the leader file The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated The product supported is Radiometric corrected path oriented 2 21 FormosatFormat Images from Formosat 2 are available from Spotlmage in DIMAP format using the FORMOSAT 2 1A SCENE profile htto Avww spotimage fr web en 979 formosat 2 imageryfeatures php The import will open the DIMAP file with the extension dim The dataset is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbital model is generated The product supported is Formosat 2 Level 1A Keystone Image File Formats I Import I 21 2 22 OrbviewFormat Images from Orbview 3 are supported in the TIFF PVL format http staff glef umiacs umd edu sns trunk htdocs library guide Orbview3 Product Guide 25jan06 pdf The import will open the metadata file with the 1 extension The image TIFF file is assumed to have the same name with a t if extension The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated from the RPC coefficients The product supported is Orbview 3 Basic product 2 23 GeoEyeFormat Images from GeoEye 1 are supported in the PVL format The import will open the metadata file with the pv1 extension The image TIFF or NITF file is assumed to have the same name with tif or
29. ile is assumed to have the same name as the metadata file but with the extension tif The product level supported is level 2 This is an image rectified to a map projection but without using GCP s or DEM Keystone reconstructs the 3D viewing geometry during import so that orthorectification of the products becomes possible 2 29 Dmc2Format Images from UK DMC2 and Nigeriasat X processed to level LOR are supported The import will open a TIFF file with the default name pattern _p0_LOR Tif or _sO_LOR Tif It then reads the metadata from the TIFF tags The complete set of files for a n LOR import are normally as in the example below port bank Nigeriasat X e DXFFFF83p0_LOR Tif DXFFFF83p1_LOR Tif DXFFFF83p2 LOR Tif Keystone Image File Formats I Import I 23 The import will create a separate geometric model for each spectral band Each band will be a separate output image from the import The image ID s in the catalogue are constructed from the image ID s given in the metadata In the example above the image ID s will become DXFFFF83 NIR DXFFFF83 p RED DXFFFF83 p GREEN where DXFFFF83 is the event id p is the bank id and NTR is the spectral band id Virtual band merged image The import also supports the concept of virtual band merged images This means that the import constructs the metadata for a band registered nir red green image in the catalogue This multispectral image can then b
30. lements lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd complexType name AccuracyEstimate gt xsd sequence lt xsd element name SX type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Standard deviation in easting of projection centre meters or decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name SY type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Standard deviation in northing of projection centre meters or decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name SZ type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Standard deviation in height of projection centre meters above mean sea level lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name SOmega type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Standard deviation in camera omega angle decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name SPhi type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Standard deviation in camera phi angle decimal degrees lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name SKappa type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Standard deviation in
31. ll open the leader file with a name starting with LEADER All image files must exist in the same folder as the leader file The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated 20 I Keystone Image File Formats I Import The product supported is IRS P 6 System corrected 2 19 IrsOrthoKitFormat Images from IRS R2 are supported in the Ortho Kit format from Euromap http www euromap de The import will open the metadata file with a name ending with inf txt There will be one image file and one RPC file present for each band An example of a product folder is given below 120703R200370035L000084 2 green tif 120703R200370035L000084 2 green rpc txt 120703R200370035L000084 3 red tif 12070382003700351000054 3 red rpc txt 120703R200370035L000084 4 nir tif 120703R200370035L000084 4 nir rpc txt 120703R200370035L000084 5 swir tif 120703R200370035L0000 4 5 rpc txt 120703R200370035L0000S4_inf txt All image files must exist in the same folder as the inf file The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with parallax components is generated The product supported is IRS R2 System corrected 2 20 CartosatFormat Images from Cartosat 1 and Cartosat 2 are supported in the TIFF format http www euromap de products prod 041 html http www euromap de products prod_051 html The import will open the image file and two metadata files endin
32. n of the principal point The attitudes are described by the omega phi kappa rotations angles They describe the rotation of the camera coordinate system relative to the ground coordinate system The rotation definitions and order of application are 1 Omega rotation around the camera x axis positive y gt 7 2 Phi rotation around the camera y axis positive z gt x 3 Kappa rotation around the camera y axis positive x y 3 3 FrameCameraFormat XML schema lt xml version 1 0 150 8859 1 2 lt xsd schema xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema xmlns http www spacemetric com framecamera targetNamespace http www spacemetric com framecamera elementFormDefault qualified attributeFormDefault unqualified gt lt xsd simple lt xsd lis lt xsd simple lt xsd simple lt xsd res xsd simpl xsd simple xsd lis xsd simpl xsd simple xsd res xsd simpl xsd simple xsd lis xsd simpl xsd simple xsd res xsd simpl xsd simple xsd lis xsd simpl xsd simple 9 name intList gt t itemType xsd int Type ype name intMatrix triction base xsd string Type name longList t itemType xsd long Type name longMatrix gt triction base xsd string Type ype name floatList gt t itemType xsd float Type name floatMa
33. name ImageData gt lt xsd sequence gt lt xsd element name FileName type xsd string gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt File name for the image file Path is relative this XML file lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name ImageId type xsd string gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Image id lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name StripId type xsd string minOccurs 0 gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Strip id lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name ImageIndex type xsd nonNegativeInteger minOccurs 0 gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Frame number in this strip lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name AcquisitionTime type xsd dateTime minOccurs 0 gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Image acquisition time UTC ISO 8601 YYYY MM DDThh mm ss sZ lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Crs type xsd int gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt EPSG coordinate reference system code lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name X type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Easting of
34. pe byte short integer etc 2 3 2 Simple standard image formats The simple standard image formats are self documented image formats such as JFIF JPEG TIFF GIF PNG and BMP The import routine will try to read any file presented to it These formats contain information only on how the image data is organised in the file No georeferencing information is available 2 3 3 Simple georeferencing auxiliary files The raw and simple standard format images can have their georeferencing information set from different kinds of auxiliary files These files have the same file name as the image file but a separate file extension that is indicating its type When the import routine is presented with an image file that has no georeferencing information it will search for a number of these auxiliary files to try to recover the georeferencing data The import will look for auxiliary georeferencing files in the following order 1 RPC file 2 ESRI world file 14 Keystone Image File Formats Import RPC file An RPC file can provide georeferencing information in the form of coefficients for a rational function model The file format used for this file is the same as is used for Ikonos imagery The file must have the same name as the image file but with the extension rpc The RPC file always uses WGS84 as the coordinate reference system ESRI world file The ESRI world file is an ASCII text file associated with an image and contains six lines
35. port 1 The tiles can be merged into a single scene file The file format will be TIFF Tile size and compression are selectable 2 The import also supports the concept of virtual mosaic images This means that the import constructs the metadata for a mosaic of all the tiles in the catalogue This virtual mosaic scene can then be accessed as if it was a real image Keystone uses its on the fly processing to produce the scene mosaic as one single image when requested The products supported are Pleiades 1A Sensor Ortho Keystone Image File Formats I Import I 17 Spot 6 Sensor Ortho 2 10 SpotCapFormat An alternative Spot format is CAP format http www crisp nus edu sg spot cap html The import will open a metadata file with the name LEAD xx DAT where xx is the number of the scene The image file IMAG_xx DAT must exist in the same folder as the metadata file The file is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbital model is generated If the product is a Spot 4 multispectral scene the image will be preprocessed to eliminate initial misregistration in the SWIR band This is one case where the image data is processed along with the metadata when the import is performed If a Spot 4 multispectral image and monospectral image from the same scene are imported at the same time their geometrical image models will be connected The products supported are Spot 1 2 3 HRV level 1A 1B and 2A Spot 4 HRVIR level 1A
36. rmat The PRI slant range image product is supported The import will open the leader file with a name starting with LEA gt All image files must exist in the same folder as the leader file The dataset is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbital model is generated The products supported are ERS 1 and 2 PHI 2 17 RadarsatFormat Radarsat 1 Radarsat 1 products are available in CEOS format Attp www asf alaska edu content reference pdf R I LOref pdf The Path image SGF and Path image plus SGX products are supported The import will open the leader file with a name starting with LEA gt All image files must exist in the same folder as the leader file The dataset is decoded and a rigorous satellite orbital model is generated The products supported are Radarsat 1 SGF SGX Radarsat 2 Radarsat 2 and Radarsat 1 products are available in GeoTIFF format with XML metadata http www radarsat2 info product 51 2713 RSAT 2 Product Format Definition 1551 7 pdf The import will open the XML file with name product xml All image files must exist in the same folder as the leader file The dataset is decoded and a model is generated from the rational function coefficients in the metadata The products supported are Radarsat 1 2 SGF SGX 2 18 IrsSuperStructureFormat Images from IRS P6 are supported in the LWSOWG SuperStructure format http www euromap de download p6super 20050222 pdf The import wi
37. s generated The products supported are Landsat 4 5 TM level 1G UTM projection 2 14 LandsatEsaCeosFormat Landsat TM and ETM scenes can be imported ESA s CEOS format http earth esa int pub ESA DOC LandsatEtmCeos 3 1 pdf All image files and metadata files must exist in the same folder as the volume directory file The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated In the case Landsat 7 ETM the panchromatic and the multispectral image are imported with a connected geometrical model If a SIP file is generated the PAN image will be the first component The products supported are Landsat 4 5 TM level 1G UTM projection Landsat 7 ETM level 1G UTM projection Keystone Image File Formats I Import 1 19 2 15 LandsatNlapsFormat The NLAPS or NDF format of the USGS is used to provide various Landsat image products htto landsat usgs gov documents NLAPS_II pdf The import will open a header file with the name H1 H2 or H3 All image files must exist in the same folder as the header file The dataset is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model with rigorously calculated parallax components is generated The products supported are Landsat MSS level 1G UTM projection Landsat 4 5 TM level 1G UTM projection Landsat 7 ETM level 1G UTM projection 2 16 ErsPriFormat SAR imagery from ERS 1 and ERS 2 are available in CEOS fo
38. sd sequence gt xsd complexType lt xsd element name RadialDistortion type RadialDistortion gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Radial distortion at a specific radial distance Units are meters The radius is the focal plane distance in an ideal pin hole model from the principal point radius measured radius ideal distortion lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt xsd complexType name RadialDistortion gt xsd sequence lt xsd element name Radius type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Radius m lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element name Distortion type xsd double gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Distortion m lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd sequence gt xsd complexType lt xsd element name FocalPlaneAffine type FocalPlaneAffine gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Affine transform from image raster coordinate Column seo planse 5 x xL cel x WO x wil col y2 rows Umie 19 lt lt xscleclocumencaiciem gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd complexType name FocalPlaneAffine gt lt xsd sequence gt lt xsd element name X0 type xsd double gt Keystone Image File Formats I Generic frame camer
39. t 163113420 tif lt FileName gt lt Imageld gt 163113420 lt Imageld gt lt AcquisitionTime gt 2006 06 12T02 08 47 283zZ lt AcquisitionTime gt lt Crs gt 32641 lt Crs gt lt gt 804484 931 lt gt lt Y gt 3509629 854 lt Y gt lt Z gt 3963 543 lt Z gt lt Omega gt 2 06974 lt Omega gt lt gt 4 23486 lt gt lt gt 90 50745 lt gt lt ImageData gt lt FrameCamera gt Spacemetric Tingsv gen 17 SE 19161 Sollentuna Sweden 46 8 594 770 80 www spacemetric com
40. trix gt triction base xsd string Type name doubleList gt t itemType xsd double Type name doubleMatrix gt xsd restriction base xsd string gt xsd simpl xsd complex lt xsd sequence gt name stringList gt lt xsd element name ITEM type xsd string minOccurs 0 maxOccurs unbounded gt lt xsd sequence gt xsd complexType lt xsd element name FrameCamera type FrameCamera lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Metadata for frame camera images lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt xsd complexType name FrameCamera lt xsd sequence gt lt xsd element name PlatformId type xsd string minOccurs 0 gt lt xsd annotation gt 30 Keystone Image File Formats Generic frame camera format xsd documentation Platform identifier lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd element ref CameraData gt lt xsd element ref AccuracyEstimate minOccurs 0 gt lt xsd element ref ImageData maxOccurs unbounded gt lt xsd sequence gt xsd complexType xsd element name ImageData type ImageData lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd documentation gt Image identification and exterior orientation elements lt xsd documentation gt lt xsd annotation gt lt xsd element gt lt xsd complexType
41. upported in Space Imaging Carterra format http www geoeye com Each product is delivered in a separate folder with a _metadata txt metadata file describing the product The import will open this metadata file The rest of the files corresponding to this product must exist in the same folder as the metadata file The file is decoded and a general 3D polynomial model is generated with rigorously calculated parallax components The model is derived from the RPC coefficients if an RPC file is available for the scene Geo Ortho Kit If no RPC file is available Geo a rigorous satellite orbital model is created by reverse engineering from which the 3D polynomial model is then derived The metadata file sometimes describes multiple scenes Each scene is then imported to a separate image with a separate geometrical model The scene is sometimes divided into several tiles with separate image files for each tile Then there are two options for the import 1 The tiles can be merged into a single scene file The file format will be TIFF Tile size and compression are selectable 2 The import also supports the concept of virtual mosaic images This means that the import constructs the metadata for a mosaic of all the tiles in the catalogue This virtual mosaic scene can then be accessed as if it was a real image Keystone uses its on the fly processing to produce the scene mosaic as one single image when requested If both the panchromatic and multisp
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