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1. Here there is heavy traffic between the VLANs on Switch C The addition of a Layer 3 Module in Switch C allows traffic to be routed to the correct VLANs without having to cross the downlink to the Layer 3 Module in Switch D to be routed Traffic from a host on VLAN 1 on Switch C destined for a host on VLAN 2 of Switch B is routed in Switch C onto VLAN 2 and switched at Layer 2 through Switch D to Switch B If you have stacked your Switches install only one Layer 3 Module in the stack In Figure 7 Switch A Switch B and Switch D form a stack using a Matrix Module with Switch C connected via an 802 1Q tagged link See Using the Layer 3 Module in a Switch Stack on page 25 for more information about Matrix modules and the Layer 3 Module gt Network Configuration Examples 25 Using the Layer 3 Module in a Switch Stack Figure 8 shows how to connect several switches using the Layer 3 Module and Matrix modules in a stack There is only one Layer 3 Module in the stack because only one Layer 3 Module is supported per stack Figure 8 Layer 3 Module Used with the SuperStack II Switch Matrix Module Switch stack Matrix module f L 3Com does not support more than one Layer 3 Module per stack Do not install more than one Layer 3 Module in a stack 26 CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Integrating the Layer 3 Module into the Net
2. 36 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE gt MANAGING THE LAYER 3 MODULE This chapter contains the following information a Management Methods a Accessing the Web Interface a Accessing the User Interface a Levels of User Access The terms system and module are used interchangeably in the command line and the Web interface Management Methods You can manage the Layer 3 Module in the following ways a Using the Web interface a Using the command line interface Telnet a Using the 3Com Transcend Network Control Services software See your network management documentation for details Depending on the tasks you need to carry out there are different levels of access described in Levels of User Access on page 39 Accessing the Web Interface To access the Web interface over the network Make sure that your network is correctly set up for management using the Web interface You must have configured at least one IP address on your Layer 3 Module see Essential Configuration on page 30 Open your Web browser The Web management suite of applications requires one of the following a Internet Explorer 4 0 or later CHAPTER 4 MANAGING THE LAYER 3 MODULE a Netscape Navigator 4 03 or later 3 In the Location field of the browser enter the URL of the Layer 3 Module i gt Exiting the Web Interface in the following format http nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn nn
3. Available SNMP Context Commands Table 13 lists the commands available in the SNMP context Table 13 SNMP Context Commands Command Options Syntax display Display current SNMP settings community Set an SNMP community string trap display Display trap reporting information addModify Add a new trap reporting destination configuration or modify a current one remove Remove a trap destination flush Flush all SNMP trap reporting destinations Setting Up SNMP on Your System Configuring SNMP for System Management To manage the Layer 3 Module from an external management application you must configure SNMP community strings and set up trap reporting The SNMP based external management application called the SNMP manager sends requests to the system where they are processed by the Layer 3 Module SNMP software In addition the Layer 3 Module SNMP software can send traps to an SNMP manager to report significant events The SNMP software provides access to information about the module The displays of Management Information Base MIB information differ depending on the module SNMP management method that you choose Access to system information through SNMP is controlled by community strings SNMP requests can be sent to any configured IP address on the Layer 3 Module To manage the module you need to assign at least one IP address to an IP Virtual LAN VLAN See Essential Configuration on page 30 for informatio
4. i gt See Accessing the User Interface on page 39 for information about Available IP Commands Table 15 IP Context Commands The following commands are available in the IP context Command Options Sub options Syntax interface summary Display IP interface information define Define an IP address modify Modify an IP address remove Remove an existing IP address definition statistics Display IP interface statistics route display Display the contents of the routing table static Define a static route remove Remove a Static route flush Flush all learned routes arp display Display the contents of the ARP cache static Define a static ARP cache entry remove Remove an ARP cache entry flush Remove all entries form the ARP cache age Set the age time for dynamic ARP cache entries multicast dvmrp Enable disable DVMRP igmp Enable disable IGMP features interface display Display multicast settings on each interface enable Enable multicast routing on a given IP interface disable Disable multicast routing on a given IP interface tunnel display Display the configured multicast tunnels define Define a multicast tunnel remove Remove a multicast tunnel routeDisplay Display the summary of the multicast routing able continued Table 15 IP Context Commands continued Available IP Commands 61 Command Options Sub options Syntax cacheDisplay Display multicast cache entries dns display Display the current domain name
5. In Figure 5 the Layer 3 Module in Switch D routes packets between VLANs Figure 5 Complex Network with VLANs Key IP Network Address 192 168 168 0 Server rt Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 a A VLAN 1 7 m s E m r Workstation il Cable Switch A ag eee 2 Switth gt A IP Network Address 192 168 169 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 F VLAN 2 m T Packets routed 3 between VLANs 1 x s _ Layer 3 Module Switch B ho C oe 22277m a P IP Network Address 192 168 170 0 pea lv Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 ped Switch D VLAN 3 As 0 E Switch C ae x Figure 5 shows the same network as Figure 4 but here the LAN has been divided into VLANs Small groups of ports on Switch D have each been assigned to particular VLANs This scenario reduces the load on Switch D because broadcast and multicast traffic between devices on each VLAN is not seen by the rest of the network Network Configuration Examples 23 Addition of Multiple VLANs per Switch In Figure 6 the Switches are connected by 802 1Q tagged links 802 1Q tagged links are links that use the tagging system defined in the IEEE 802 1Q standard to carry traffic for
6. Each routing table entry contains the following information Destination IP Address and Subnet Mask Defines the address of the destination network subnet or host Next Hop Defines the next switch or router to which packets destined for this network must be forwarded Routing Metric Specifies the number of networks or subnets through which a packet must pass to reach its destination The Layer 3 Module includes the metric in its RIP updates to allow other routers to compare routing information received from different sources Gateway IP Address Tells the module how to forward packets whose destination addresses match the route s IP address and subnet mask The module forwards such packets to the indicated gateway Status For each interface the route provides the status information in Table 16 Table 16 Interface Status Information Field Description Direct Route goes to a directly connected network Static Route was statically configured Learned Route was learned using indicated protocol Timing out Route was learned but has partially timed out Timed out Route has timed out and is no longer valid Local The address for the module In addition to the routes to specific destinations the routing table can contain an additional entry called the default route The Layer 3 Module uses the default route to forward packets that do not match any other routing table entry You may want to use the default route in plac
7. Table 15 IP Context Commands continued Command Options Sub options Syntax delay Specify a transit delay hello Specify the hello packet interval on a given interface retransmit Specify the link state advertisement retransmit time on a given interface dead Specify the interface dead interval password Specify the authentication password for OSPF state messages linkStateData databaseSummary Generate a report of the specified area ID router Display the OSPF router link state advertisements network Display the OSPF network link state advertisements summary Display the OSPF summary link state advertisements external Display the OSPF external link state advertisements neighbors display Display the neighbors table add Define a static neighbor remove Remove a static neighbor routerID Define router IDs partition display Display the current memory allocated to OSPF modify Allocate less or more memory resource to OSPF stubDefaultMetric display Display the stub default metric define Define the stub default metric remove Remove the stub default metric virtualLinks summary Display a summary of configured virtual links detail Display detailed information for the configured virtual links statistics Display statistics on OSPF virtual links define Specify a virtual link remove Remove a virtual link areaID Change the target area of a virtual link delay Specify the transmit delay for each virtual link hello Specify the frequency of hello messages retransmi
8. Turn off the power to the Switch and disconnect the Switch from the main power supply Use a sharp non metallic object but not a graphite pencil to press and hold in the recessed configuration switch Continue to hold in the configuration switch and power up the Switch The Switch does not have an On Off button so you must power it up by reconnecting it to the main power supply using a power cable 140 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION APPLICATION 5 Continue to hold in the configuration switch until the front panel link status LEDs have lit up This is usually about 10 seconds after you power up the Switch 6 Release the configuration switch 7 Telnet to the Layer 3 Module IP address from any host on VLAN 1 You will see a menu display similar to the one in Figure 12 Figure 12 Configuration Application Menu Display SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module Configuration System Copyright c 1998 1999 3Com Technologies ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Serial Number 7D6B147E9C8 Mac Address 66 960 604 47 e9 c8 Boot Version 1 66 Tue Sep 21 19 45 37 1999 App Version 1 66 Tue Sep 21 19 45 37 1999 IP Address 192 168 132 101 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway IP Address 192 168 132 101 1 Download software update gt 2 Reset to factory defaults 3 Exit Enter one of 1237 Downloading a Enter 1 in the Configuration Application menu display Figure 12 to Software Update open the Download Software Update menu as shown i
9. configuration application 29 139 user interface 39 active devices 114 adding OSPF neighbors 104 ranges to OSPF areas 86 RIP advertisement address 116 Address Resolution Protocol See ARP addresses for SNMP trap reporting 46 administering ARP cache 70 DNS client 72 IP interfaces 63 IP multicast interfaces 79 IP multicast routing 76 IP multicast tunnels 80 IP routes 66 neighbors 102 OSPF areas 84 OSPF memory partitions 105 RIP 114 stub default metric value 107 UDP helper 74 virtual links 107 administration console password access 50 advanced options ping 120 traceRoute 125 advertise mode RIP 115 advertisement addresses adding 116 IP interface characteristics 64 removing 117 age time setting 71 allocating memory for OSPF 106 area IDs modifying for virtual links 111 OSPF areas 85 OSPF interfaces 93 ARP administering ARP cache 70 defining static ARP entry 70 displaying ARP cache 70 flushing ARP cache 71 removing ARP cache entry 71 setting age time 71 assigning Layer 3 module IP address 31 B backing up NV data 52 backup designated routers 92 baseline reasons for 84 BOOTP 14 74 setting BOOTP relay threshold 76 setting hop count limit 76 Bootstrap Protocol See BOOTP bridge menu commands vlan summary 57 132 broadcast addresses 77 bulletin board service 146 burst option ping command 121 C changing DNS domain names 72 IP interfaces 65 multicast interfaces 79 name ser
10. http www 3com com Part No DUA1696 8AAA02 Published October 1999 SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module User Guide For units in the SuperStack II Switch 1100 3300 family Switch Agent Software version 2 4 or later and SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module Management Software version 1 0 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara California 95052 8145 U S A Copyright 1999 3Com Technologies All rights reserved No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work such as translation transformation or adaptation without written permission from 3Com Technologies 3Com Technologies reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of 3Com Technologies to provide notification of such revision or change 3Com Technologies provides this documentation without warranty of any kind either implied or expressed including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose 3Com may make improvements or changes in the product s and or the program s described in this documentation at any time UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LEGENDS If you are a United States government agency then this documentation and the software described herein are provided to you subject to the following United States Government Legend All technical data and computer
11. virtual links 107 OSPF areas adding ranges 86 administering 84 area ID 85 characteristics 85 defining 85 displaying 84 modifying 85 modifying ranges 87 ranges 86 removing 86 removing ranges 87 stub area 85 OSPF interfaces area ID 93 backup designated routers 92 characteristics 88 cost 93 dead interval 95 delay 94 designated routers 92 disabling the mode 92 displaying 89 enabling the mode 92 hello timer 94 mode 92 password 96 priority 92 retransmit timer 95 Statistics 90 OSPF memory partitions administering 105 displaying 105 modifying 106 OSPF neighbors adding 104 administering 102 displaying 102 removing 104 OSPF virtual links dead interval 113 displaying 108 displaying statistics 109 hello timer 112 modifying area ID 111 modifying the target router 111 modifying the transmit delay 111 password 113 removing 110 retransmit interval 112 target router 111 transmit delay 111 commands 118 count 120 default values 119 packet size 120 quiet 120 responses 119 source address 121 wait 120 poisoned reverse RIP 116 port numbers defining for UDP helper 75 removing for UDP helper 75 traceRoute command 125 POST 30 Power On Self Test See POST priority OSPF interfaces 92 probe count traceRoute command 125 probe packets traceRoute command 123 problem solving See troubleshooting P packet size ping command 120 traceRoute command 125 packets traceRoute probe 123 par
12. 2 192 0 4 1 Disabled E Enter lt CR gt to continue router id is 8 Password Notes Table 20 describes the OSPF interface display field attributes Table 20 Field Attributes for the OSPF Interface Displays Field Description Indx Interface entry index corresponding to the IP interface index Pri OSPF router priority for the interface Area ID OSPF area that the interface belongs to Xmit Cost Interface transmit cost Xmit Delay Interface transmit delay Hello Intvl OSPF hello packet transmit interval for the interface Rxmit Intvl LSA retransmit interval Dead Intvl Time interval before OSPF declares a neighbor dead Password Used to secure messages between routers in an area This allows you to prevent attacks on your network IP Address The IP address of the interface on which the area is defined continued 90 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Displaying OSPF Interface Statistics Table 20 Field Attributes for the OSPF Interface Displays continued Field Description State Interface state Disabled OSPF is not enabled on the interface Down The interface is down but OSPF is enabled on it Loopback The interface is a loopback interface Waiting The router is trying to determine the identity of the DR and BDR on the network PTP The interface is operational and connects to either a point to point network or a virtual link The router attempts to form adjacency with the
13. To define a default route metric for the router Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf defaultRouteMetric define The following prompt is displayed Default route metric 1 65535 1 Enter the default route metric value at the prompt To remove a default route metric from the Layer 3 Module enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf defaultRouteMetric remove The designated default route metric is removed immediately Configuring OSPF Interfaces This section describes how to configure OSPF interfaces by adding OSPF characteristics to existing IP Virtual LAN VLAN interfaces You can configure the following OSPF characteristics on existing IP VLAN interfaces a Mode a Priority a Area ID a Cost a Transmit delay a Hello timer a Retransmit timer a Dead interval Password Displaying OSPF Interface Information Configuring OSPF Interfaces 89 To display information about the module s OSPF interface configuration enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface summary or ip ospf interface detail The following example shows an OSPF detail display IP routing is disabled ICMP router discovery is disabled OSPF OSPF interface summary information Xmit Xmit Hello Rxmit Dead Indx Pri AreaID Cost Delay Intyvl Intv Intvl 1 1 6 6 6 6 1 1 16 5 46 2 1 6 6 6 8 1 1 18 5 48 OSPF interface detail information Indx Ip Address State DR BDR 1 192 0 1 1 Disabled
14. g Click Apply You must reboot the Switch for the Layer 3 Module IP address to take effect To add the IP address of the Layer 3 Module using the Switch command line interface a Use Telnet to access the command line interface for the Switch If your Layer 3 Module is in a stack type unit to access the command line of the Switch containing the module 32 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE gt gt b Enter the following system module define The following prompt is displayed Enter IP address 0 0 0 0 c Enter the IP address of the Layer 3 Module Enter Subnet Mask 255 0 0 0 d Enter the Subnet Mask Enter Default Router 0 0 0 0 e Enter the Default Router The Switch must have a management address The IP address that you assign to the Layer 3 Module must be on the same IP network and subnet as the Switch You can configure the Switch management IP address using the ip interface define command on the Switch Connect to the Layer 3 Module using the Web interface or command line interface a Add an IP address for each VLAN that you want to route between For information on using the Web interface see Chapter 5 For information on using the command line interface see Defining an IP Interface on page 64 and see Chapter 7 Displaying VLAN Parameters for specific information about VLANs The Layer 3 Module learns its VLANs from the Switch Use the Switch Web management interface or
15. must first disconnect the unit from the main power supply For full safety instructions see the user guide that accompanies the unit AVERTISSEMENT Confiez l installation et la d pose de ce module un personnel qualifi Avant d installer ce module dans un groupe vous devez au pr alable d brancher ce groupe de l alimentation secteur Pour prendre connaissance des consignes compl tes de s curit consultez le guide utilisateur qui accompagne ce groupe WARNHINWEIS Die Installation und der Ausbau des Moduls darf nur durch Fachpersonal erfolgen Vor dem Installieren des Moduls in einem Ger t mu zuerst der Netzstecker des Ger ts abgezogen werden Vollst ndige Sicherheitsanweisungen sind dem Benutzerhandbuch des Ger ts zu entnehmen 28 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE Handling the Layer 3 Module nN The Layer 3 Module contains parts that are susceptible to electrostatic discharge damage To prevent damage please observe the following a Always wear an anti static wristband connected to a suitable earth point a Always transport or store the module in appropriate anti static packaging a Do not remove the module from its packaging until you are ready to install it a Handle the module only by its edges and front panel and avoid touching any of the connectors or components on the module Device Support The SuperStack Il Switch 1100 3300 family supports the Layer 3 Module 3Com recomme
16. router ID OSPF 104 routers default 32 multicast 77 router convergence 96 routes administering 66 default 17 defining static 68 dynamic 16 flushing 69 multicast 82 removing 68 removing the default 69 setting default 69 static 17 routing multicast 14 76 protocols 16 unicast 14 Routing Information Protocol See RIP routing metric routing table entry 66 routing table entries characteristics 66 destination IP address 66 gateway IP address 66 next hop 66 routing metric 66 status 66 subnet mask 66 routing tables default route 66 displaying 67 function 16 how it works 67 S sending ping packets 118 setting ARP age time 71 BOOTP hop count limit 76 BOOTP relay threshold 76 community strings 45 default route metric 87 default routes 69 OSPF interface area ID 93 OSPF interface cost 93 OSPF interface dead interval 95 OSPF interface delay 94 OSPF interface hello timer 94 OSPF interface mode 92 OSPF interface password 96 OSPF interface priority 92 OSPF interface retransmit timer 95 OSPF router ID 104 RIP cost 118 RIP mode 115 system name 51 system passwords 50 system timeout interval 50 traceRoute trace option 124 virtual link hello timer 112 virtual link passwords 113 virtual link retransmit interval 112 setting up SNMP 44 Simple Network Management Protocol See SNMP SNMP agent 44 community strings 45 configuring trap reporting destinations 46 default values 32 displaying current settings 45
17. which is a unique user defined 12 bit integer that identifies this VLAN and is used by the global management operations a Name The user assigned name of the VLAN on the Switch To display a summary of VLAN information enter the following at the top level menu bridge vlan summary 58 CHAPTER 7 DISPLAYING VLAN PARAMETERS The following example shows a VLAN summary display ULAN summary Index VID 1 1 3 1625 4 2048 Name Default ULAN test net 16 net SETTING IP PARAMETERS This chapter describes how to configure the IP parameters on your SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module to allow it to work with your Switch It contains the following sections a Available IP Commands a Administering IP Interfaces a Administering Routes a Administering the ARP Cache a Administering the Domain Name Server Client a Administering UDP Helper a Administering IP Multicast Routing a Administering Multicast Tunnels a Enabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery a Administering OSPF Areas a Setting the Default Route Metric a Configuring OSPF Interfaces a Displaying the Link State Database a Administering Neighbors a Setting the OSPF Router ID a Administering Memory Partitions a Administering the Stub Default Metric a Administering Virtual Links a Displaying OSPF General Statistics 60 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS a Administering RIP a Using ping a Using traceRoute launching the user interface
18. 131 Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module continued Problem Cause Solution The module status LED on the front Switch software version in your Upgrade the Switch software to a panel of the Switch flashes slowly Switch does not support the Layer 3 version that supports the Layer 3 when the Layer 3 Module is Module Module present The software on the Switch must be version 2 4 or later To determine the version of software installed on the Switch do one of the following a Use the Unit Status page on the Web interface of the Switch a Use the system display command on the Switch The software version is identical to the Operational Version For further information see your Switch management guide Cannot contact any Layer 3 Module Layer 3 Module is disabled on the Use the system module mode IP address Switch command on the Switch to enable the Layer 3 Module You may have to restart the Switch if you change the enabled disabled state of the module Cannot ping or Telnet to the Layer Layer 3 Module has not finished The Layer 3 Module takes up to 90 3 Module VLAN 1 IP address booting seconds to start after the Switch has been powered up Check to see if the module packet LED is blinking indicating that the module is receiving packets from the network Layer 3 Module does not have a The Layer 3 Module must have a VLAN 1 IP address VLAN 1 IP address Define a VLAN 1 IP address on the
19. 2 Table 22 describes the link state database summary display fields Table 22 Field Attributes for Link State Database Summary Display Field Description Checksum Summation Total of all LSA checksums LSA Count Number of LSAs Router LSAs Number of router link LSAs Network LSAs Number of network link LSAs Summary LSAs Number of summary link LSAs External LSAs Number of external link LSAs This display shows the router LSAs in the link state database Router LSAs describe the collected states of the router s interfaces To display the router LSAs Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf linkStateData router 98 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS The following prompt is displayed Enter Area ID 2 Enter the area ID Enter Area mas 3 Enter the area su Enter LSID 0 4 Enter the LSID Enter LSID mas 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0 0 bnet mask 0 0 0 k 04 0 0 0 5 Enter the LSID mask Table 23 describes the fields in the link state database router display Table 23 Field Attributes for Link State Database Router Display Field Description LSID Router ID LS Seq LS Age Flags Link Type Link ID ID of the router originating the LSI Remote router ID Sequence number of the LSA used to detect older duplicate LSAs Time in seconds since LSA was originated V Router is the endpoint of an active virtual link that is using the area as a transmit area ASBR Router is an a
20. 2 3 4 0 3 Starting tftp download Please wait a few Image read done 4458064 bytes OK If the image loaded into the Layer 3 Module is corrupt you receive an error message similar to the following This image has an invalid checksum This may be because the image was not transferred in binary mode when FTPed between hosts f CAUTION During the programming of the application image you must not do any of the following a Power down and power up the Switch a Reset the Switch a Close the Telnet session to the Configuration Application These actions prevent the application image from being loaded into the Layer 3 Module gt 4 Restarting the Module 1 2 Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values 143 If an incomplete or corrupt application image is loaded into the Layer 3 Module the module boots up into the Configuration Application When the image is read it is applied to the non volatile storage on the Layer 3 Module The following prompt is displayed Applying software update cece ee ee ee ee eee eens Download operation completed successfully Press RETURN key to continue The application image has now been downloaded Option 4 is provided for 3Com support purposes only Enter o to return to the Configuration Application Menu Display Enter 3 to exit the Layer 3 Module To restart the module do one of the following a Power down and then power up the Switch m Use the system re
21. 72 Domain Name Server See DNS DVMRP 14 77 disabling 77 enabling 77 DVMRP metric value 79 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See DHCP dynamic routes 16 ICMP router discovery 83 IGMP 78 IP multicast routing 79 multicast interfaces 79 OSPF interface mode 92 poisoned reverse mode 116 remote session timeout 50 Ethernet port management through 44 external network LSAs 101 F fax service 3ComFacts 146 flash memory loading software into 49 flushing ARP cache 71 routes 69 trap reporting addresses 47 G gateways default 17 32 routing table entry 66 H hello timer OSPF interfaces 94 virtual links 112 hop count limit 76 hops 115 E enabled mode RIP 115 enabling DVMRP 77 l ICMP router discovery disabling 83 enabling 83 IGMP 14 78 disabling 78 enabling 78 improving router convergence 104 installing Layer 3 module hardware 29 post installation checks 35 pre installation 28 through TFIP 49 troubleshooting 49 130 integrating Layer 3 module with a network 26 Interior Gateway Protocols 114 Internet Control Message Protocol See ICMP Internet Group Management Protocol See IGMP Internet Protocol See IP interpreting LEDs 130 IP time to live 123 IP addresses assigning 31 defining for the name server 72 forwarding gateway 66 IP interface characteristics 63 removing for name servers 73 removing for UDP helper 75 resolution 74 routing table entry 66 UDP helper forwarding addr
22. 8 i IP interface indexes To display RIP statistics enter the following at the top level menu ip rip statistics The following example shows a RIP statistics display RIP general statistics routeChanges queries j a 118 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Setting the Cost You can set the RIP cost option The default cost value is 1 which is appropriate for most networks To set the RIP cost Enter the following at the top level menu ip rip cost The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 4 all 2 Select the interface from the available interfaces or specify to get a list of the selectable interfaces Interface 2 Enter RIP cost 1 15 1 Enter the cost value for the specified interfaces Using ping The ping feature is a useful tool for network testing performance measurement and management The ping command sends ICMP echo request packets using the ICMP echo facility to the IP destination you specify See Enabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery on page 83 for more information about ICMP When a router sends an echo request packet to an IP station using ping the router waits for an ICMP echo reply packet The response from the remote IP station indicates whether it is available unreachable or not responding There are two ping commands available and several options you can set up for the advanced command a ping Uses the hostname or IP address to cont
23. 831416 0800 995014 900 983125 020 795482 0800 55 3072 0800 966197 1 800 NET 3Com 1 800 638 3266 Enterprise Customers 1 800 876 3266 1 408 326 7120 not toll free 150 APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT 802 1p and 802 1Q ABR ANSI ARP ASBR autonomous system backbone GLOSSARY 802 1p and 802 1Q are IEEE standards that have been developed to address the problems of multimedia traffic delivery and VLAN partitioning across a bridged network Area Border Router a border router for an OSPF area An ABR is located on the border of one or more OSPF areas that connects those areas to the backbone network ABRs are treated as members of both the OSPF backbone and the attached areas They therefore maintain routing tables that list both the backbone topology and the topology of the other areas in the network American National Standards Institute A United States technology standards organization Address Resolution Protocol ARP is a TCP IP Interior Gateway Protocol for dynamically mapping Internet addresses to physical hardware addresses on LANs limited to LANs that support hardware broadcast Autonomous System Boundary Router an area border router located between an OSPF area and a non OSPF network As well as the OSPF protocol ASBRs run another routing protocol such as RIP ASBRs cannot reside in a stub OSPF area In Internet TCP IP terminology a series of gateways or routers that fall under a
24. The following sections look at different network examples in which the Configuration Layer 3 Module can be used They show where the module can be placed Examples in flat networks to maximize its effectiveness Example 1 Simple Figure 1 shows a flat network in which all hosts and servers are attached Flat Network to the same LAN All broadcast traffic on the LAN is seen by all devices Figure 1 Example of a Pre VLAN Flat Network IP Network Address 192 168 168 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 E E E Switch A Key Server Cable N Switch EA Workstation Figure 2 and Figure 3 are variations on the network in Figure 1 Network Configuration Examples 19 Suggested Deployment of VLANs In Figure 2 the same LAN is divided into two VLANs Figure 2 Example of VLANs Used in the Simple Network IP Network Address 192 168 168 128 IP Network Address 192 168 168 64 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 192 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 192 Traffic routed T Server A in between VLANS H A Server B in o Marketing EE B OTTS a ote Engineering VLAN 1 H H to VLAN 2 VLAN 1 to VLAN 2 Layer 3 Module Switch
25. a Layer 3 Module IP address using Telnet m Through an SNMP based network management application such as the 3Com Transcend Network Control Services suite of network management tools An IP management interface allows you to manage the system through an Ethernet port After you configure an IP management interface with a unique IP address you can also use Telnet to connect remotely to the user interface using the TCP IP protocol from a host computer or you can reach the SNMP agent from a network management application When you enter the user interface the system prompts you for an access level and password Select access level read write administer Password The passwords are stored in nonvolatile memory You must enter the password correctly before you can continue Levels of User Access The Layer 3 Module supports three password levels so that the network administrator can provide different levels of access for different users Table 12 describes these access levels Table 12 Password Access Levels Access Level For users who need to Allows users to Administer Perform system setup and Perform system level administration management tasks tasks such as setting passwords usually a single network loading new software and so on administrator Write Perform active network Configure network parameters management such as configuring IP VLAN addresses Read Only view parameters View display only m
26. address is passed from the Switch to the Layer 3 Module The IP address is assigned to VLAN 7 because it is the only VLAN on which the Switch management software can be used Once this IP address has been configured you can use Telnet the Web interface or SNMP to manage the Layer 3 Module After installation the default passwords which specify the level of access to the system for a user are as follows Table 7 Default Telnet and Web Passwords Access Level Password Privileges admin No default password read and write change passwords reset write No default password read and write read No default password read 34 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE Table 8 Default SNMP Community Passwords Access Level Password read and write private read only public IP Configuration The following default IP configuration values apply to each module Default Values Table 9 IP Default Values for Each Module Parameter Default Value arp arp entries age out after 15 minutes multicast a DVMRP disabled IGMP query enabled No tunnels defined domain name service Domain name undefined No name servers defined udp helper No udp helpers defined Default hop count 4 m Default relay threshold 0 ICMP router discovery a Disabled OSPF No areas defined except the implicit definition of the backbone 0 0 0 0 No neighbors defined m Router ID pre defined based upon the system ID o
27. and may include assistance with installation product specific configuration and identification of equipment problems Please refer to the Technical Support Appendix in the User Guide for telephone numbers Response to requests for telephone technical support will be in the form of a return call from a 3Com representative by close of business on the following business day To qualify for this 90 days of telephone technical support you must register on the 3Com Web site at http support 3Com com index htm and provide your date of purchase product number and serial number 3Com reserves the right to modify or cancel this telephone support offering at any time without advance notice This offer is not available where prohibited or restricted by law WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE IF A 3COM PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS WARRANTED ABOVE CUSTOMER S SOLE REMEDY FOR BREACH OF THAT WARRANTY SHALL BE REPAIR REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID AT 3COM S OPTION TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES TERMS OR CONDITIONS EXPRESS OR IMPLIED EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE INCLUDING WARRANTIES TERMS OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND SATISFACTORY QUALITY 3COM NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE INSTALLATION MA
28. and messages need not be delivered in the same order as they were sent The UDP helper forwards specific protocol broadcasts that would not normally be forwarded by the router The broadcast will be forwarded to a set of specific IP addresses Typically the Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP will be forwarded to a suitable server The Layer 3 Module supports 32 UDP helpers A message sent to an individual node on a network Unicast routing allows packets to be routed between individual hosts on different VLANS More than one subnet mask of different lengths can be configured for a Class A B or C network This allows these networks to be divided into smaller subnetworks A longer subnet mask than that which the network class specifies is used to group hosts into smaller networks The subnet masks are stored in routing tables so that the longest subnet mask takes precedence over the shortest 158 GLOSSARY virtual link Virtual Links provide connections to those areas in the OSPF autonomous system that are not directly connected to the backbone VLAN Virtual Local Area Network a group of location and topology independent devices that communicate as if they are on the same physical LAN INDEX Numerics 3Com bulletin board service 3Com BBS 146 3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 145 3Com URL 145 3ComFacts 146 802 1Q tagged links 23 A access levels user interface 39 accessing
29. and the name servers associated with it domainName Modify a currently defined domain name define Define a new name server IP address modify Modify a name server IP address remove Remove a name server IP address nslookup Query a name server udpHelper display Display UPD Helper information define Define port numbers and IP forwarding addresses remove Remove a port number or IP forwarding address hopCountLimit Set the BOOTP hop count limit threshold Set the BOOTP relay threshold icmpRouterDiscovery Enable disable ICMP Router Discovery ospf areas display View areas and range definitions for each area defineArea Define a new area modifyArea Modify an existing area removeArea Remove an area definition and its associated ranges addRange Add a range to an area modifyRange Modify a range in an area removeRange Remove a range from an area defaultRouteMetric display Display the default route metric define Define the default route metric remove Remove the default route metric interface summary Display a summary of the OSPF configuration on each IP interface detail Display details of the OSPF configuration on each IP interface statistics Display the OSPF statistics for each specified IP interface mode Enable disable OSPF on each of the specified interfaces priority Specify the OSPF priority of each interface areaID Assign an area to an interface cost Specify an OSPF interface cost continued 62 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS
30. displaying trap reporting configuration 46 flushing trap reporting addresses 47 removing trap reporting destinations 47 setting up 44 SNMP community default passwords 34 SNMP context available commands 44 SNMP menu commands community 45 display 45 trap addModify 46 trap display 46 trap flush 47 trap remove 47 SNMP traps problem solving 47 software backing up NV data 52 build date and time 48 switch version 13 28 upgrade 28 140 source address ping command 121 traceRoute command 126 state IP interface characteristics 64 static routes 16 advantages 17 defining 68 disadvantages 17 statistics baselining 84 general OSPF 113 RIP 117 status routing table entry 66 stub area default metric value 107 OSPF areas 85 subnet masks IP interface characteristics 63 routing table entry 66 troubleshooting 136 SuperStack Il Switch Matrix module 23 switches stacking 24 system default console timeout value 50 default values 33 system commands consoleTimeout interval 50 consoleTimeout timeOut 50 display 48 initialize 55 name 51 nvData restore 54 nvData save 53 password 51 reset 56 143 softwareUpgrade 49 system configuration displaying 48 system consoleTimeout interval 50 system context available commands 48 system name setting 51 T target router ID 108 target routers modifying for virtual links 111 technical support 3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 145 3Com URL 145 bulletin board service 146 fax s
31. forwarding address that you want to remove The Layer 3 Module removes the port numbers and IP forwarding addresses you specified immediately 76 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Setting the BOOTP Hop Count Limit Setting the BOOTP Relay Threshold You can set the maximum hop count for a packet that the Layer 3 Module forwards through the router The default hop count limit is 4 To set the hop count limit Enter the following at the top level menu ip udpHelper hopCountLimit The following prompt is displayed Enter BOOTP relay hop count limit 1 16 4 Enter the BOOTP hop count limit You can set the maximum number of times that the Layer 3 Module forwards a packet to the network The default BOOTP relay threshold value is 2 To set the default relay threshold Enter the following at the top level menu ip udpHelper threshold The following prompt is displayed Enter BOOTP relay threshold 0 65535 2 Enter the BOOTP relay threshold value Administering IP Multicast Routing IPv4 uses two types of communication between end stations in a network unicast for point to point communications and multicast for point to multipoint communications Use of the Internet has seen a rise in the number of new applications that rely on multicast transmission IP multicast routing conserves bandwidth by forcing the network to replicate packets only when necessary and offers an alternative to unicast transmission fo
32. hop count limit 76 setting BOOTP relay threshold 76 unicast addresses 77 Uniform Resource Locator See URL upgrading system software 49 URL 145 URL DLL errors 136 User Datagram Protocol See UDP user interface access levels 39 accessing 39 using IP management interface 39 LEDs 130 NV data 52 traceRoute 123 V variable length subnet masks 136 Virtual LANs See VLANs virtual links 107 dead interval 113 defining 110 displaying 108 displaying statistics 109 modifying area IDs 111 modifying target routers 111 modifying transmit delay 111 passwords 113 removing 110 retransmit interval 112 setting hello timer 112 VLAN indexes 57 IP interface characteristics 64 VLANs 63 adding 19 21 contacting Layer 3 module from 134 displaying summary 57 heavy traffic 24 index 64 W wait interval ping command 120 traceRoute command 125 web default password 33 web interface menu tree 42 overview 41 tabs panel 42 workspace 42 World Wide Web WWW 145 Y Year 2000 compliance 137 3Com Corporation LIMITED WARRANTY The duration of the warranty for the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module 3C16968 is 1 year HARDWARE 3Com warrants its hardware products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials under normal use and service for the following lengths of time from the date of purchase from 3Com or its authorized reseller Network Interface Cards Lifetime Other hardware products 1 year unless otherwi
33. is usually the IP broadcast address for a network for example 10 255 255 255 but in certain environments it may be useful to restrict advertisements to the IP address of the router To add an advertisement address 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip rip addAdvertisement The following prompt is displayed Select IP interface 1 4 1 Removing an Advertisement Address Displaying RIP Statistics Displaying RIP Statistics 1 Enter the IP interface index number or specify to get a list of the selectable IP interface indexes Interface 1 Enter advertisement address Enter an advertisement address You can specify up to 64 advertisement addresses in separate iterations To remove an advertisement address from the advertisement address list that is associated with the interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip rip removeAdvertisement The following prompt is displayed Select IP interface 1 4 2 Select the interface from the available interfaces or specify to get a list of the selectable interfaces Interface 2 Enter advertisement address Enter the index interface number and the advertisement address that you want to remove or specify to get a list of the selec To display RIP statistics enter the following at the top level menu ip rip statistics The following example shows a RIP statistics display RIP general statistics routeChanges quer ies
34. level menu snmp trap addModify The following prompt is displayed Enter the trap destination address Enter the IP address of the SNMP manager destination address Enter the trap numbers to enable 1 4 all all Enter one or more trap numbers or a11 for that destination Separate a series of more than two trap numbers with a hyphen and nonsequential trap numbers by commas i gt Removing Trap Destinations Flushing All SNMP Trap Destinations The trap numbers that you enter allow the trap specified by that number to be sent to the destination address when the corresponding event occurs No unlisted traps are transmitted If the following message appears Trap address invalid or unreachable make sure that a The destination address that you entered is a valid end station a The end station is online a A valid IP interface is defined on the module a The module has a route to the destination When you remove a trap destination no SNMP traps are reported to that destination To remove a trap destination Enter the following at the top level menu snmp trap remove The following prompt is displayed Enter the trap destination address Enter the SNMP trap reporting destination address that you want to remove The system removes the destination address and displays the previous menu When you flush the SNMP trap reporting destinations you remove all trap destination address information for t
35. menu ip ospf neighbors add The following prompt is displayed Select IP interface 1 4 3 Enter the interface to which to add the OSPF neighbor Enter static neighbor address Enter the static IP address of the neighbor To remove a static neighbor address from an existing interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf neighbors remove The following prompt is displayed Select IP interface 1 4 3 Enter the IP interface Enter static neighbor address Enter the IP address of the neighbor to remove The module removes the neighbor from that IP interface Setting the OSPF Router ID The OSPF router ID identifies the router to other routers within an autonomous system Three types of router identifiers are available and all three take the form of an IP address but are not necessarily an actual IP address a Default A unique ID that the module generates and uses as the default router ID a Interface The index of an IP interface on the router a Address An ID that you define in the form of an IP address Administering Memory Partitions 105 The router ID must be unique for every router for OSPF to operate correctly To make sure that the router ID is unique choose the default setting The default setting uses the Layer 3 Module ID which is unique to each Layer 3 Module OSPF routing must be inactive before you can add or modify an OSPF router ID To make OSPF routing in
36. not show any of the VLANs that have been defined on the Switch apart from VLAN 1 Layer 3 Module is not receiving VLAN update messages from the Switch The Switch does not have a management IP address or has a management IP address that is not on the same subnet as the Layer 3 Module VLAN 1 IP address Configure the Switch to have an IP address on the same network as the Layer 3 Module VLAN 1 IP address You can do this using the ip interface define command on the Switch After removing a VLAN from the Switch the VLAN remains in the bridge vlan summary on the Layer 3 Module Layer 3 Module only receives updates about VLAN changes every 30 seconds Wait for at least 60 seconds for the VLAN update to be sent to the Layer 3 Module from the Switch and then try again continued Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module continued Problem Cause 133 Identifying the Problem Solution After removing a VLAN from the Switch the VLAN remains in the bridge vlan summary on the Layer 3 Module If the removed VLAN has an IP address configured the Layer 3 Module does not remove the VLAN until the IP address has been removed Remove the IP address from the deleted VLAN using the ip interface remove command and the VLAN will be removed when the next VLAN update is received from the Switch The Layer 3 Module is not routing If you Telnet to the Layer 3 Module VLAN 1 IP addre
37. of the protocol such as generating a link state advertisement for the multiaccess network In distance vector routing each device calculates the best path to all destinations using a simple metric for example the number of hops to a destination and then shares that information with neighboring routers The devices continually update their tables as soon as they learn of better routes to their destinations Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is a protocol which allows dynamic allocation of IP addresses to IBM PCs running on a Microsoft Windows local area network The system administrator assigns a range of IP addresses to DHCP Each client PC on the LAN can use its TCP IP software to request an IP address from the DHCP server DHCP uses a lease concept to respond to a request for an IP address and to grant an IP address to client PC The system administrator can control for how long a client can use a particular IP address DVMRP dynamic route firewall flash EPROM flat network host GARP gateway GVRP HTTP GLOSSARY 153 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP RFC 1075 is an Internet routing protocol that provides multicast routing It supports IP multicast routing by broadcasting data to each router in an internetwork when users join or leave multicast groups Dynamic routes are IP routes learned using a routing information protocol such as OSPF or RIP A combination of specifically co
38. output is unique to the burst option and overrides the value set in the quiet option sourceAddress Use this option to force the source address of the ICMP packets to be something other than the IP address of the interface from which the packet originated You can use this option if you have more than one IP interface defined on the system When you enter this command the system displays a list of the currently defined interfaces and their index numbers Select the number of the interface that you want to use CAUTION The burst option floods the network with ICMP echo packets and can cause network congestion It may also affect your ability to manage the Layer 3 Module Consequently avoid using the burst option during periods of heavy network traffic To ping a host using the advanced options Enter the following at the top level menu ip advancedPing At the prompt enter the host name or the IP address of the destination host At the following prompts enter the appropriate settings Press Enter to use the default value for an option and move onto the next option See Table 31 on page 120 for the default values and Table 32 on page 120 for the range of valid values for an option Enter the number of ICMP request packets to send during a ping Enter the packet size in bytes Enter the burst mode Enter the quiet mode Enter the wait value in seconds 122 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS 8 If you have more than on
39. packets which report the multicast group to which they belong When you select the IGMP option the interface prompts you to enable or disable the IGMP query mode Under most conditions enable IGMP query mode IGMP query mode is enabled by default To enable or disable IGMP query mode Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast igmp The following prompt is displayed Enter IGMP query mode disabled nabled enabled 2 Enable or disable the query mode as required Administering IP Multicast Interfaces Displaying Multicast Interface Information Enabling Multicast Interfaces The IP multicast interface options allow you to enable and disable multicast characteristics on previously defined IP interfaces Multicast Interface Characteristics A multicast interface has the following characteristics DVMRP Metric Value Determines the cost of a multicast interface The higher the cost the less likely it is that the packets will be routed over the interface The default value is 1 a Time To Live TTL Threshold Determines whether the interface forwards multicast packets to other switches and routers in the subnetwork If the interface TTL is greater than the packet TTL then the interface does not forward the packet The default value is 1 which means that the interface forwards all packets To display information about all the multicast interfaces enter the following at the top level menu
40. router protocol multicasts over other multicast traffic continued 136 CHAPTER 9 PROBLEM SOLVING Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module continued Problem Cause Solution If RIP is the routing protocol and you are using variable length subnet masks of class A B or C network addresses for example an address with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 of a Class B network your other routers are not getting correct advertisements for these networks Layer 3 Module supports RIP version 1 RIP version 1 does not support the advertisement of variable length subnet masks It only correctly advertises unsubnetted class A mask 255 0 0 0 class B mask 255 255 0 0 and class C mask 255 255 255 0 networks in the corresponding network ranges Where you have subnets try one of the following procedures Turn off RIP and define static routes on your Layer 3 Module and the other routers to your subnets Use OSPF instead of RIP between the Layer 3 Module and other routers a Only use unsubnetted class A B or C network addresses with your Layer 3 Module When you try to access those features of the Layer 3 Module that do not have their own Web pages you get errors mentioning URL DLL from the Web interface URL DLL is used from some Web browsers to invoke Telnet If the URL DLL is not installed Telnet does not work Run Telnet manually instead Although you have no front
41. supplied to consumers or the limitation of liability for personal injury so the above limitations and exclusions may be limited in their application to you When the implied warranties are not allowed to be excluded in their entirety they will be limited to the duration of the applicable written warranty This warranty gives you specific legal rights which may vary depending on local law GOVERNING LAW This Limited Warranty shall be governed by the laws of the State of California U S A excluding its conflicts of laws principles and excluding the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara CA 95052 8145 408 326 5000
42. the LSA retransmit time in seconds The value of the dead interval determines how long neighbor routers wait for a hello packet before they determine that the transmitting router is inactive Each time a router receives a hello packet from a neighbor the router resets the dead interval timer for that neighbor See Setting the Hello Timer on page 94 for more information Use the same dead interval value for all routers in the same area The default value for the dead interval is 40 seconds To set the dead interval Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface dead The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all 96 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS 2 Enter an IP interface number Setting the Password gt gt Enter dead interval 1 65535 40 Enter the value of the dead interval in seconds This command allows you to set a security password for a specific OSPF interface Use the same password for all interfaces in the same area By default no password is assigned To set the password Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface password The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all Enter an IP interface number Enter interface password none Enter the password You can use up to eight ASCII characters Use the password none to remove a previously assigned password Displaying the Link State Database The
43. value The interface hello timer determines how often the interface transmits hello packets to neighbor routers on the network Hello packets tell other routers that the sending router is still active on the network If a router does not send hello packets for a period of time specified by the dead interval the router is considered inactive by its neighbors and routes from the inactive router are marked as eligible for deletion See Setting the Dead Interval on page 95 for more information The default value for the hello timer is 10 seconds Set the hello timer to the same value for all routers on the network segment because they are in the same area To set the hello timer Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface hello Setting the Retransmit Timer Setting the Dead Interval gt Configuring OSPF Interfaces 95 The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all Enter an IP interface Enter Hello packet interval 1 65535 10 Enter the hello timer value in seconds You can specify the OSPF link state advertisement LSA retransmit interval for each interface The default value for the retransmit timer is 5 seconds To set the retransmit interval Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface retransmit The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all Enter an IP interface Enter LSA restransmit time 1 65535 5 Enter
44. 0 C 14 to 158 F 0 to 95 non condensing EN60068 IEC 68 Safety Agency Certifications UL 1950 EN60950 CSA22 2 No 950 IEC950 EMC Emissions Immunity N55022 Class B FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A ICES 003 Class A AS NZS 548 Class B VCCI Class B N50082 1 wm m Power Consumption Current Rating 5V DC 7A maximum 35W maximum Standards Supported SNMP Protocols a SNMP protocol RFC 1157 m IP RFC 791 a MIB II RFC 1213 a ICMP RFC 792 a BOOTP RFC 951 m RIP RFC 1058 Terminal Emulation a DVMRP RFC 1075 a Telnet RFC 854 m IGMP RFC 1112 m OSPF Protocol Analysis RFC 1245 m Requirements for IP Version 4 routers RFC 1812 Year 2000 Compliance This product is Year 2000 compliant For information on Year 2000 Compliance and 3Com products visit the 3Com Year 2000 Web page http www 3Com com products yr2000 htm1 138 APPENDIX A LAYER 3 MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS EMC Statements FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio commu
45. 0 0 0 4 2 10 20 05 Select server index 1 2 Enter the index number of the IP address that you want to remove 74 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Querying Name Servers You can check the resolution between IP addresses and host names on a Name Server You enter either the host name or the IP address and the DNS client displays the pair To query a name server Enter the following at the top level menu ip dns nslookup The following prompt is displayed Enter host information IP address name Enter the host name or an IP address at the prompt The module returns the associated host name or IP address Administering UDP Helper Displaying UDP Helper Information UDP Helper permits the routing of UDP broadcast frames between VLANs when these broadcasts are not normally routed between VLANs With UDP Helper protocols such as the Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP are available so that you can boot hosts through this router The UDP services that are mentioned in this section on UDP Helper use the following ports a BOOTP and DHCP 67 a TIME 37 a DNS 53 UDP Helper allows you to set the number of times a UDP packet is forwarded between subnetworks In addition UDP packets are discarded based on the hop count and the seconds value for BOOTP and DHCP packets The forwarding address that the UDP Helper uses is either the IP broadcast address for example 10 2
46. 169000 bytes This display shows three partition parameters a Current partition maximum size 500000 in this example The OSPF memory limit implemented at the last system reboot Configured partition maximum size 500000 in this example The last value that you entered which becomes the current partition maximum size at system reboot a Allocated partition size 100000 in this example The module s current working memory OSPF dynamically allocates memory in 100 000 byte chunks up to the current partition maximum size This command changes the OSPF memory allocation This change takes effect at system reboot In normal circumstances you are unlikely to have to modify the OSPF memory allocation To modify a memory partition Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf partition modify The following prompt is displayed aximum partition size is 8443220 bytes Enter new partition maximum size in bytes 500000 Enter the new partition size in bytes New partition size will tak ffect after reboot The maximum partition size 8443220 in this example shows how much total memory is available to define as the OSPF maximum partition Administering the Stub Default Metric 107 Administering the Stub Default Metric Displaying the Stub Default Metric Defining a Stub Default Metric Removing a Stub Default Metric The stub default metric value determines if the router will generat
47. 55 255 255 or the IP addresses of the relevant DHCP BOOTP TIME or DNS servers To display the hop count threshold configuration and list the ports and the IP forwarding addresses that are defined for each port enter the following at the top level menu ip udpHelper display Defining a Port and an IP Forwarding Address Removing a Port or an IP Forwarding Address The following example shows a UDP Helper display BOOTP relay hop count limit is 4 BOOTP relay threshold is 6 BOOTP is using the first overlapped interface UDP port Forwarding address 67 16 1 0 67 You can define port numbers and IP forwarding addresses for the UDP Helper You may have up to 32 combinations of port numbers and IP forwarding addresses per router You may also have multiple IP address entries for the same ports To define a port and IP forwarding address Enter the following at the top level menu ip udpHelper define The following prompt is displayed Enter UDP port number 1 65535 67 Enter the UDP port number Enter forwarding IP address Enter the forwarding address You can remove a port number or IP forwarding address defined for UDP Helper To remove a port or IP forwarding address Enter the following at the top level menu ip udpHelper remove The following prompt is displayed Enter UDP port number 1 65535 Enter the UDP port number that you want to remove Enter forwarding IP address Enter the IP
48. A Key Server LV Workstation E Cable Swich CZ The addition of VLANs means that m Traffic between devices on VLAN 1 is not seen on VLAN 2 Broadcast traffic from hosts on VLAN 1 is not seen on VLAN 2 However devices on VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 cannot communicate at Layer 2 The addition of the Layer 3 Module in Switch A allows packets to be routed between VLANS 20 CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Dividing VLANs According to Traffic Requirements For greatest efficiency make sure that the VLANs are split according to traffic requirements as shown in Figure 3 which may not necessarily be along functional lines For example the heaviest use of your network may be between your servers with only a small amount of traffic between each of the desktop hosts and the servers In this case it is sensible to place your servers on one VLAN and your users on another Figure 3 VLANs Divided according to Traffic Requirements IP Network Address 192 168 168 128 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 192 ipitin miena Traffic routed IP Network Address 192 168 168 64 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 192 Marketing ZY Engineering between VLANS Marketing and Engineering Hosts in VLAN 2 eer n p 0 E E E VLAN 1 Layer 3 Module Switch A Key Server Workstation E Cabl
49. AN 1 on Switch C to VLAN 2 on Switch C is routed at Layer 3 through the Layer 3 Module on Switch D CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Heavy inter VLAN Traffic If a particular Switch has a lot of inter VLAN traffic you can use a Layer 3 Module in the Switch to route packets between VLANs in one part of the network as shown in Figure 7 Figure 7 Network Using Multiple Layer 3 Modules Key i Cable VLAN 1192 168 168 0 VLAN 2 192 168 169 0 Server Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 1QTa JQTag m 4 oO Downlink o m Workstation Ly Matrix Downlink Switch A Se IN VLAN 1192 168 168 0 VLAN 2 192 168 169 0 NA N Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 SAL Packets routed 3 s mal gt lt between VLANs L m SL Se ON lt Layer 3 Module SAL Switch B Sf o oo fo N a Ba a e __ P 7 a ee Pall Pe ea pat we 7 VLAN 1 192 168 168 0 VLAN 2 192 168 169 0 aa Switch D Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 gt VLAN 3 192 168 170 0 oe m Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 4 Co Z ies
50. Field Field Description Origin Subnet From Gateway Metric Tmr In If Out Ifs The source address and the number of bits in the subnetwork The interface address of the gateway The hop count The amount of time in seconds since the routing table entry was last reset Interface number on which that gateway is connected Traffic is expected to originate from this interface T represents the tunnel P denotes that a prune message has been sent to this tunnel Set of interfaces out of which the traffic will be flooded I indicates interfaces The multicast cache contains the IP source address and destination address for packets observed on the Layer 3 Module It shows how information is routed over interfaces and ports in your Layer 3 Module To edit the multicast cache Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast cacheDisplay The following prompt is displayed Enter multicast source address 255 255 255 255 2 Enter the multicast source address Enter multicast group address 255 255 255 255 Enter the multicast group address The DVMRP status is displayed Table 18 describes the fields in the multicast cache display Table 18 Multicast Cache Display Fields Field Description Origin The source of the incoming packets Entries preceded by an angle bracket gt indicate a multicast subnetwork Entries without an angle bracket are multicast routers within the subnetwo
51. INTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS 3COM SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THAT THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY CUSTOMER S OR ANY THIRD PERSON S MISUSE NEGLECT IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR OR MODIFY OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE OR BY ACCIDENT FIRE LIGHTNING OR OTHER HAZARD LIMITATION OF LIABILITY TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW 3COM ALSO EXCLUDES FOR ITSELF AND ITS SUPPLIERS ANY LIABILITY WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE FOR INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL INDIRECT SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR FOR LOSS OF REVENUE OR PROFITS LOSS OF BUSINESS LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE USE PERFORMANCE FAILURE OR INTERRUPTION OF ITS PRODUCTS EVEN IF 3COM OR ITS AUTHORIZED RESELLER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND LIMITS ITS LIABILITY TO REPAIR REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID AT 3COM S OPTION THIS DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES WILL NOT BE AFFECTED IF ANY REMEDY PROVIDED HEREIN SHALL FAIL OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE DISCLAIMER Some countries states or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or the limitation of incidental or consequential damages for certain products
52. Layer 3 Module s routing table to determine which routes are configured and whether the routes are operational Enter the following at the top level menu ip route display 68 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Defining a Static Route gt Removing a Static Route The following example shows a Layer 3 Module s routing table display Select menu option ip route display IP routing is enabled ICMP router discovery is disabled There are 5 Routing Table entries Destination Subnet mask Metric Gateway Status Default Route 172 16 20 28 Static 172 16 20 08 255 255 254 0 Direct 172 16 21 184 255 255 255 255 a pa Local 172 16 231 96 255 255 255 224 a Direct 172 16 231 97 255 255 255 255 Local Before you can enter a static route you must define at least one IP interface see Defining an IP Interface on page 64 Static routes remain in the table until you remove them or the corresponding interface They take precedence over dynamically learned routes to the same destination Static routes are not included in periodic RIP updates sent by the Layer 3 Module To define a static route Enter the following at the top level menu ip route static The following prompt is displayed Enter destination IP address Enter the destination IP address of the route Enter subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Enter the subnet mask of the route Enter gateway IP address Enter the gateway IP address of the
53. METERS ICMP Router Discovery is disabled by default To enable or disable ICMP Router Discovery Enter the following at the top level menu ip icmpRouterDiscovery The following prompt is displayed Enter router discovery state disabled enabled disabled Enable or disable the ICMP Router Discovery mode as required Administering OSPF Areas gt Displaying Areas Open Shortest Path First OSPF is one of the IP interior gateway protocols IGPs The Layer 3 Module can use OSPF to configure its routing tables dynamically OSPF operates between co operating routers within routing domains areas Routers communicate to each other the state of each of their links in link state advertisements LSAs An LSA enables a router to learn the best shortest path to a destination network The Layer 3 Module supports OSPF version 2 An OSPF area is a logical user defined group of networks hosts and directly attached routers that have a common view of the OSPF routing table A range defines networks and hosts within an area Areas can contain multiple ranges The backbone area 0 0 0 0 is implicitly defined by default To display a list of existing areas according to their area identification ID numbers enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf areas display The list of existing areas is displayed The following example shows an OSPF area list Area definitions Indx AreaID IP Address Mask Advertis
54. NG IP PARAMETERS gt The following example shows an OSPF statistics display OSPF general statistics SPFCompu tat ions nenoryFai lures LSAsTransn i tted 8 2 LSAsRece ived rou teUpdateErrors recvErrors z 8 15477 ex tLsaChanges sof tRestarts 2 8 Table 30 describes OSPF statistics display fields Table 30 Field Attributes for OSPF Statistics Display Field Description SPFComputations Number of shortest path first computations done memoryFailures Number of nonfatal memory allocation failures LSAsTransmitted Number of link state advertisements transmitted extLsaChanges Number of external LSA changes made to database softRestarts Number of OSPF router soft restarts due to insufficient memory resources implies that a fatal memory allocation failure has happened To resolve insufficient memory resource problems indicated by memory failure or software restart errors change the OSPF memory partition or reconfigure the network topology to generate smaller OSPF databases Administering RIP The Routing Information Protocol RIP is one of the IP Interior Gateway Protocols IGPs The Layer 3 Module uses RIP to dynamically configure its routing tables RIP operates in terms of active and passive devices The active devices usually routers broadcast their RIP messages to all devices in a network or subnetwork they update their own routing tables when they receive a RIP message from another device The passive de
55. P address Enter the IP address of the ARP cache entry Enter MAC address Enter the MAC address of the ARP cache entry Removing an ARP Cache Entry Flushing the ARP Cache Setting the Age Time 1 Administering the ARP Cache 71 To remove an entry from the ARP cache Enter the following at the top level menu ip arp remove The following prompt is displayed Select IP address Enter the IP address of the entry you want to remove The Layer 3 Module removes the address from the ARP cache immediately If necessary the Layer 3 Module subsequently uses ARP to find the new MAC address corresponding to that IP address You may want to delete all entries from the ARP cache if the MAC address has changed To remove all entries from the ARP cache Enter the following at the top level menu ip arp flush The Layer 3 Module removes the entries from the ARP cache immediately The age time for dynamic ARP cache entries determines how long the dynamic entries remain in the ARP cache When the time expires the Layer 3 Module automatically flushes the entry from the cache A value of O indicates no age time and entries remain in the table indefinitely The default age time is 15 minutes To set the age time Enter the following at the top level menu ip arp age The following prompt is displayed Enter ARP age time in minutes 0 for no ageing 0 1440 15 Enter the age time in minutes or enter O for no ARP agein
56. P cache entries 71 default route metric 88 default routes 69 IP interfaces 65 multicast tunnels 81 name server IP address 73 OSPF area ranges 87 OSPF areas 86 OSPF neighbors 104 RIP advertisement address 117 routes 68 stub default metric 107 UDP helper forwarding address 75 UDP helper port numbers 75 virtual links 110 designated routers 92 destination address for SNMP trap reporting 47 DHCP 14 74 disabled mode RIP 115 disabling DVMRP 77 ICMP router discovery 83 IGMP 78 IP multicast interfaces 80 OSPF interface mode 92 poisoned reverse mode 116 disconnecting remote sessions 50 displaying ARP cache 70 default route metric value 88 DNS configuration 72 external network LSAs 101 IP interface summaries 64 IP multicast interfaces 79 IP multicast tunnels 80 link state database summary 97 multicast cache 82 multicast routes 82 network LSA summary 100 network LSAs 99 OSPF areas 84 OSPF interface statistics 90 OSPF interfaces 89 OSPF memory allocation 105 OSPF neighbors 102 OSPF statistics 113 RIP information 115 RIP statistics 117 router LSAs 97 routing tables 67 SNMP settings 45 stub default metric 107 system configuration 48 trap reporting configuration 46 UDP helper 74 virtual links 108 VLAN summary 57 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol See DVMRP DNS client 72 displaying 72 modifying the domain name 72 name server defining 72 modifying 73 removing 73 querying with nslookup 74 DNS client administering
57. SPF areas Because all routers on the network segment are in the same area set the area ID to the same value for each router To set the area ID Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface areaID The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 3 all 1 3 Select the interface index number s Enter Area ID 0 0 0 3 Enter the area ID in the form of an IP address The interface cost reflects the line soeed of the port To set the cost Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface cost The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all 94 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Setting the Delay Setting the Hello Timer Enter an IP interface number Enter cost 1 65535 1 Enter the cost value for the interface The default is calculated by the Layer 3 Module This command sets the OSPF interface transmit delay The Layer 3 Module adds the value of the transmit delay to all link state advertisements LSAs that it sends out to the network Set the transmit delay according to the link speed use a longer transmit delay time for slower link speeds The default delay is 1 second To set the transmit delay Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface delay The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all Enter an IP interface number Enter transmit delay 1 65535 1 Enter the interface transmit delay
58. Switch The IP address is then allocated to the module each time the unit is powered up The Layer 3 module VLAN 1 IP address must be on the same network and subnet as the Switch management IP address See step 3 on page 31 for more information about setting IP addresses on the Switch continued 132 CHAPTER 9 PROBLEM SOLVING Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module continued Problem Cause Solution Cannot ping or Telnet to the Layer 3 Module VLAN 1 IP address Switch or stack does not have an IP address Configure the Switch or stack that contains the Layer 3 Module to have a management IP address and then ensure that the Layer 3 Module also has an IP address Both addresses must be on the same network and subnet You can configure the Switch management IP address using the ip interface define command on the Switch Switch management IP address is on a different network from Layer 3 Module IP address The Layer 3 Module VLAN 1 IP address must be on the same network and subnet as the Switch management IP address You can change the Switch management IP address using the ip interface define command on the Switch Layer 3 Module non volatile configuration is in an invalid state and the module is continually rebooting Follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B bridge vlan summary on the Layer 3 Module does
59. TING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS Available SNMP Context Commands 44 Setting Up SNMP on Your System 44 Administering SNMP Trap Reporting 46 Available System Context Commands 48 Displaying the System Configuration 48 Installing System Software using TFTP 49 Enabling Timeout of Remote Sessions 50 Setting Passwords 50 Setting the System Name 51 Working with Nonvolatile Data 52 Initializing Data to Factory Defaults 55 Resetting the Module 56 DISPLAYING VLAN PARAMETERS Displaying VLAN Information 57 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Available IP Commands 60 Administering IP Interfaces 63 Administering Routes 66 Administering the ARP Cache 70 Administering the Domain Name Server Client 72 Administering UDP Helper 74 Administering IP Multicast Routing 76 Administering Multicast Tunnels 80 Enabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery 83 Administering OSPF Areas 84 Setting the Default Route Metric 87 Configuring OSPF Interfaces 88 Displaying the Link State Database 96 Administering Neighbors 102 Setting the OSPF Router ID 104 Administering Memory Partitions 105 Administering the Stub Default Metric 107 Administering Virtual Links 107 Displaying OSPF General Statistics 113 Administering RIP 114 Using ping 118 Using traceRoute 123 PROBLEM SOLVING Introduction 129 Interpreting LEDs 130 Identifying the Problem 130 LAYER 3 MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS EMC Statements 138 CONFIGURATION APPLICATION About the Configu
60. The valid port numbers are numbers greater than 30 000 which makes it unlikely that an application would be using this port The maximum number of probes that the system sends out at each TTL level The wait interval determines the maximum amount of time in seconds that the module waits for a response to a probe Valid values are 1 through 10 The number of bytes in each UDP probe packet Valid packet sizes are 28 through 4096 continued 126 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS on OU A 10 Table 34 Advanced traceRoute options continued Option Description sourceAddress Use this option to specify a source address other than the one from which the probe packets originate This option is available if you have more than one IP interface defined on your system When you use this option the module lists all the currently defined interfaces and their index numbers To choose an address select the index number given for that address numeric When you enable this option the system shows the hop addresses in numeric format rather than symbolic format To trace a route to a host using the advanced options Enter the following at the top level menu ip advancedTraceRoute At the prompt enter the host name or IP address of the destination host See Table 33 for the default values and Table 34 for valid values to enter at the following prompts Enter the maximum time to live TTL value the maximum number of hops En
61. act a host using the default settings m advancedPing Uses the hostname or IP address to contact a host using the advanced ping options that you specify You can enter either the host name or the IP address of the destination you want to ping If you specify a hostname the hostname and its associated IP address must be configured on a network name server You must also add the IP address on the name server to the list of name server addresses associated with the network domain name See Administering the Domain Name Server Client on page 72 for information about this task Using the ping Command The following are possible responses to a ping a If the host is reachable the Layer 3 Module displays information about the ICMP reply packets and the response time to the ping The amount of information depends on whether the quiet option is enabled or disabled a f the host does not respond the Layer 3 Module displays the ICMP packet information and the message Host is Not Responding a If the packets cannot reach the host the Layer 3 Module displays the ICMP packet information and the message Host is Unreachable A host is unreachable when there is no route to that host Use the ping command to ping a destination using the default ping options see Table 31 on page 120 To change the default ping options use the advancedPing command and press Enter until you see the prompt for the option you want to change To ping a
62. active by setting the OSPF mode to disabled see Setting the Mode on page 92 After you add the router ID you can set the OSPF mode to enabled on the interface To set the router ID Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf routerID The module displays the current router ID and the router ID type Current OSPF router id 172 16 142 1 interface Enter router ID type default interface address default 2 Enter the required router ID type 3 Do one of the following a If you selected the default router ID you do not need to enter any further information b If you selected the interface router ID enter the interface number of the interface you want to use c If you selected the address router ID enter the address for the router ID Administering Memory Partitions Displaying Memory Partitions You can display information about how much memory the OSPF protocol can use for its data processing and storage You typically do not have to change OSPF memory allocation however you can do so if necessary To display the current OSPF memory allocation enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf partition display 106 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Modifying Memory Partitions gt The following example shows an OSPF memory partition summary display Current partition maximum size 500000 bytes Configured partition maximum size 599080 bytes Allocated partition size
63. ad or Defective on Arrival In the event a product completely fails to function or exhibits a defect in materials or workmanship within the first forty eight 48 hours of installation but no later than thirty 30 days after the date of purchase and this is verified by 3Com it will be considered dead or defective on arrival DOA and a replacement shall be provided by advance replacement The replacement product will normally be shipped not later than three 3 business days after 3Com s verification of the DOA product but may be delayed due to export or import procedures When an advance replacement is provided and Customer fails to return the defective product to 3Com within fifteen 15 days after shipment of the replacement 3Com will charge Customer for the replacement product at list price 3Com shall not be responsible for any software firmware information or memory data of Customer contained in stored on or integrated with any products returned to 3Com for repair whether under warranty or not ADDITIONAL SERVICES Telephone Support This OfficeConnect or SuperStack product comes with telephone technical support for ninety 90 days The ninety 90 day period begins on the date of Customer s product purchase The telephone technical support is available from 3Com from 9 a m to 5 p m local time Monday through Friday excluding local holidays Telephone technical support is limited to the 3Com products designated above
64. age 31 To remove a default route from the routing table follow the procedure described in step 3 on page 31 70 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Administering the ARP Cache i gt Displaying the ARP Cache Defining a Static ARP Cache Entry The Layer 3 Module uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to find the MAC addresses corresponding to the IP addresses of hosts and other routers on the same subnets Each device participating in routing maintains an ARP cache a table of known IP addresses and their corresponding MAC addresses ARP usually learns the MAC and IP addresses of devices Static entries are useful to make sure that key hosts for example other routers can be contacted immediately after a restart Enter the following at the top level menu ip arp display The following example shows an IP ARP cache display IP routing is enabled ICMP router discovery is disabled There is 1 ARP cache entry IP address Type I F Hardware address 18 80 80 19 static 1 44 13 16 24 88 82 ARP usually learns the MAC to IP address mapping of devices dynamically Static entries are useful to ensure that key hosts for example other routers can be contacted immediately after the Layer 3 Module is restarted To define a static ARP cache entry Enter the following at the top level menu ip arp static The following prompt is displayed Select interface index 1 2 Select the IP interface index Enter I
65. ameters NV data 52 passive devices 114 passwords configuring 50 default 33 OSPF interfaces 96 recovering 143 setting 50 SNMP community 34 virtual links 113 ping advanced options 120 burst 121 Q querying IP address resolution 74 quiet option ping command 120 R ranges adding to OSPF areas 86 modifying for OSPF areas 87 reboot resetting the system 56 relay threshold setting for BOOTP 76 remote sessions enabling timeout 50 removing ARP cache entries 71 default route metric 88 default routes 69 IP interfaces 65 multicast tunnels 81 name server IP address 73 OSPF area ranges 87 OSPF areas 86 OSPF neighbors 104 RIP advertisement address 117 routes 68 stub default metric 107 trap reporting destinations 47 UDP helper forwarding address 75 UDP helper port numbers 75 virtual links 110 resetting NV data default values 55 143 restoring NV data 54 retransmit interval virtual links 112 retransmit timer OSPF interfaces 95 retrieving NV data 54 returning products for repair 149 RIP 16 active devices 114 adding advertisement addresses 116 administering 114 advertise mode 115 disabled mode 115 displaying information 115 displaying statistics 117 enabled mode 115 hops 115 learn mode 115 modes 115 poisoned reverse 116 removing advertisement addresses 117 setting cost 118 setting mode 115 supported version 114 RIP passive devices 114 rlogin and rebooting the system 56 router convergence improving 104
66. and routers through which the UDP probe packets pass on the way to the destination The following example shows a successful traceRoute using the default values automatically see Table 33 on page 125 for the default values Select menu options ip traceRoute Enter host name IP address 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 2 Press Enter key to interrupt Traceroute to 10 0 1 2 30 hops max 28 bytes packet I 10022 9 ms 22 ms 5 ms 2 10 0 32 8 ms 22 ms 8 ms S O O S 7 ms 22 ms 7 ms 4 10 0 10 1 7 ms 23 ms 6 ms Using the advancedTraceRoute Command Using traceRoute Table 33 lists the default values for the traceRoute options Table 33 Default Values for traceRoute Options Option Default Value ttl 30 hops port port 33434 probeCount 3 probes wait 3 seconds packetSize 28 bytes sourceAddress determined by the router numeric disabled 125 Use the ip advancedTraceRoute command to trace a route to a host using one or more of the advanced traceRoute options Table 34 describes the advanced traceRoute options Table 34 Advanced traceRoute options Option Description ttl port probeCount wait packetSize Determines the maximum number of hops that the system can use in outgoing probe packets The destination or base UDP port number that the system uses in probe packets Set the destination UDP port number to a very high value to make sure that an application at the destination is not using that port
67. apply to Heritage US Robotics Corporation products If it appears that any such product does not perform properly with regard to such date data on and after January 1 2000 and Customer notifies 3Com before the later of April 1 2000 or ninety 90 days after purchase of the product from 3Com or its authorized reseller 3Com shall at its option and expense provide a software update which would effect the proper performance of such product repair such product deliver to Customer an equivalent product to replace such product or if none of the foregoing is feasible refund to Customer the purchase price paid for such product Any software update or replaced or repaired product will carry a Year 2000 Warranty for ninety 90 days or until April 1 2000 whichever is later OBTAINING WARRANTY SERVICE Customer must contact 3Com s Corporate Service Center or an Authorized 3Com Service Center within the applicable warranty period to obtain warranty service authorization Dated proof of purchase may be required Products returned to 3Com s Corporate Service Center must be pre authorized by 3Com with a Return Material Authorization RMA number marked on the outside of the package and sent prepaid and packaged appropriately for safe shipment and it is recommended that they be insured The repaired or replaced item will be shipped to Customer at 3Com s expense not later than thirty 30 days after receipt of the defective product by 3Com De
68. browsing or viewing Read one for configuring network parameters Write and one for full system administration Administer Because the initial passwords stored in the nonvolatile memory of the module are null for all access levels press Enter at the password prompt when you log on for the first time You can change passwords only if you enter the user interface at the Administer access level Setting the System Name 51 To change the password Enter the following at the top level menu system password The following prompt is displayed Password access level read write administer Enter the required access level Old password Enter the old password New password Enter the new password The password can have up to 31 characters and is case sensitive To enter a null password press Enter Retype the new password for verification The system does not display the password in any of the fields as you type Repeat steps 1 to 5 for each level of password that you want to configure Setting the System Name Assign an easily recognizable and unique name to the Layer 3 Module to help you manage the module For example name the system according to its physical location for example EVGLAB To set the system name Enter the following at the top level menu system name The following prompt is displayed Enter new string L3Module 000000 Enter a name that is both unique on the network and mean
69. cast routing protocol to define delivery paths that enable the forwarding of multicast datagrams across an internetwork The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP is a distance vector routing protocol Before you define any IP multicast interfaces you must first define IP interfaces and routes Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP is similar to the IP Routing Information Protocol Multicast routers exchange distance vector updates that contain lists of destinations and the distance in hops to each destination The routers maintain this information in a routing table The default DVMRP mode is disabled CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS gt Enabling and Disabling IGMP To carry out multicast routing you must have DVMRP enabled Doing so enables DVMRP on all active IP interfaces To enable or disable DVMRP Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast dvmrp The following prompt is displayed Enter DVMRP mode disabled enabled disabled Enable or disable DVMRP as required The Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP enables a router or switch to find out whether group members exist in a subnetwork The protocol uses the query mode search method to determine this information The router or switch with the lowest IP address in the LAN broadcasts a query to all other members of the subnetwork to determine whether they are also in the group End stations respond to the query with IGMP
70. ce represents information that appears on your terminal screen Text represented as commands This typeface is used to represent commands that you enter for example snmp display Keys When specific keys are referred to in the text they are described by their labels such as Return or Escape or they may be shown as Return or Esc If two or more keys are to be pressed simultaneously the keys are linked with a plus sign for example Press Ctrl Alt Del Terminology Used in This Guide Unless otherwise specified the terms Layer 3 Module and module are used in this user guide to refer to the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module The terms system and module are used interchangeably in the command line and the Web interface The terms Layer 3 switching and routing are used interchangeably throughout this document The same applies to the terms Layer 2 switching and bridging The device into which the module is fitted is known simply as the Switch An example of a Switch is the SuperStack Il Switch 1100 Context is used to describe a particular group of commands For example the IP context contains all the commands grouped under IP in the user interface Related Documentation Documents Web Sites Request for Comments The following documents and Web sites contain useful information a Documentation accompanying the SuperStack Il 1100 3300 family a SuperStack Il Switch Matr
71. command line to add new VLANs b If required configure OSPF and RIP for each interface See Chapter 8 Setting IP Parameters for further information You must also make changes to the appropriate hosts on your network to define the Layer 3 Module as their default router See Integrating the Layer 3 Module into the Network on page 26 Factory Default Values SNMP Default Values When you have installed the Layer 3 Module there are factory default values for SNMP system management passwords and IP configuration Table 5 to Table 10 list these values After installation the default SNMP values are as follows System Default Values Management Default Values gt Default Passwords Factory Default Values 33 Table 5 SNMP Default Values SNMP Community Default value read only public read write private By default no SNMP trap destinations are configured After installation the default system values are as follows Table 6 System Default Values Parameter Default Value System Name L3Module XXXXXX where the last six digits are the product unique portion of the MAC address Timeout Disabled You cannot manage the Layer 3 Module until it has a default IP address You must assign an IP address to the Layer 3 Module before you can manage it To do this see Essential Configuration on page 30 This IP address is assigned to VLAN 1 when the Switch and Layer 3 Module are restarted The IP
72. device monitors the state of each active link to its local IP networks All connected devices collect this local link state information from all other devices which allows them to run a shortest path calculation to determine the best routes to any given destination network The mechanism by which OSPF routing information is exchanged The hardware address of a device connected to a shared network medium A message sent to a specific group of nodes on a network simultaneously Multicast routing allows packets to be routed between specific groups of hosts on different VLANs A mechanism by which multicast traffic may be routed through a non multicast routing domain The tunnel is defined by two endpoints which reside within multicast routing domains but which connect through a non multicast routing domain A router s neighbors or peers are those routers with which the router will directly exchange routing information Data which is persistent even when the device where the data is stored is not switched on The Open Systems Interconnection model is a 7 layer framework within which communications protocols and standards have been defined 156 GLOSSARY OSPF OSPF area OSPF stub area RIPv1 router convergence routing routing domain routing table SNMP static route subnet mask Open Shortest Path First OSPFv1 RFC 1245 is an alternative to RIP that overcomes many of its limitations limited network s
73. dly in all operations This manual is printed on paper that comes from sustainable managed European forests The production process for making the pulp has a reduced AOX level absorbable organic halogen resulting in elemental chlorine free paper The paper is fully biodegradable and recyclable Written and illustrated by Laura Fergusson Katharine Woods and Emma Cuthbert Edited by Patrina Law Technical input from Stuart Boutell CONTENTS ABOUT THIS GUIDE How to Use This Guide 7 User Guide Conventions 8 Terminology Used in This Guide 9 Related Documentation 9 Feedback about this User Guide 10 Year 2000 Compliance 10 Product Registration 11 INTRODUCING THE LAYER 3 MODULE About the Layer 3 Module 13 Layer 3 Module Software Features Explained 14 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Layer 3 Switching Concepts 15 Benefits of Layer 3 Switches 17 Network Configuration Examples 18 Integrating the Layer 3 Module into the Network 26 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE Safety Information 27 Device Support 28 Pre installation Procedure 28 Physical Installation 29 Essential Configuration 30 Factory Default Values 32 Post installation Checks 35 MANAGING THE LAYER 3 MODULE Management Methods 37 Accessing the Web Interface 37 Accessing the User Interface 39 Levels of User Access 39 USING THE WEB INTERFACE Web Management Overview 41 Web Management User Interface 41 SET
74. e Switch Co Z Network Configuration Examples 21 Example 2 Large Flat Figure 4 shows a large flat network consisting of a single LAN and no Network VLANs Figure 4 Flat Network without VLANs IP Network Address 192 168 168 0 gt Key Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 TS Server o a O E Eo m l 1 1 i Workstation E Switch A Cable u D Ty Switch G amp A De P eee po ee oe Switch D ERSE AN In Figure 4 all devices on the LAN can communicate with all other devices However this can lead to network overloading and if there is a large number of hosts you may use up all the IP addresses within a given subnet To accommodate more hosts you need to add another subnet The addition of VLANs to this network a Contains broadcasts within each VLAN a Enables the deployment of IP subnets You can then use the Layer 3 Module to route traffic between VLANs and allow them to communicate The following examples show how VLANs and the module can work together The following figures are variations on the network in Figure 4 22 CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Deployment of VLANs in a More Complex Network
75. e Stub 1 6 6 6 1 16 6 6 6 255 255 8 8 y n Defining an Area Modifying an Area 1 Administering OSPF Areas 85 Table 19 describes the fields in the areas display Table 19 Field Attributes for the Areas Display Field Description Indx Entry index for the area ArealD Area identifier IP Address Network portion of IP address range Mask Subnet mask Advertise Should the range be advertised Stub Is the area a stub area Each OSPF area is a logical group of network entities including network segments routers and nodes Each area has the following parameters a Area ID This number which is in the form of an IP address functions as an area identification number to the OSPF autonomous system a Stub Area Indicates whether this area is a stub area Stub areas usually contain routers with limited memory resources and lie on the edge of the network Stub areas cannot contain virtual links When you define an area the module assigns an index number to the area The module uses the next available index number for the area you define To define an OSPF area Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf areas defineArea The following prompt is displayed Enter Area ID Enter the area identification number ID Is this a stub area yes no no Specify whether this area is a stub area The default is no To modify the attributes of an existing area range Enter the following at the top level
76. e enabled or disabled You must set the mode to enabled to run OSPF routing The default mode is disabled To set the mode for the interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface mode The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 3 all 1 Select the index number s representing the interface s Enter OSPF mode disabled enabled enabled Enable or disable the OSPF mode for each interface as required The interface priority is a value that you assign to an OSPF router to determine its status as a designated router A router can function in one of three ways a Designated router DR The router with the highest priority value is always the designated router unless a designated router already exists on the subnetwork a Backup designated router BDR A router with a lower priority value a Nota designated router A router with a priority value of 0 Setting the Area ID i gt Setting the Cost 1 Configuring OSPF Interfaces 93 The default priority value is 1 To set the interface priority Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface priority The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all Enter an IP interface Enter priority 0 255 1 Enter the priority value The interface area ID associates the interface you specify with an OSPF area See Defining an Area on page 85 for more information about O
77. e interface defined you can select a particular ICMP source IP address n or y The default is y 9 Enter the index number of the ICMP source IP address that you want to use or enter to list the index values You can press Enter at any time to interrupt the ping The following example shows a successful advanced ping Select menu option ip advancedPing Enter host IP address 0 0 0 0 10 204 20 75 Enter number of ICMP request packets 1 9999 3 Enter packet size bytes 28 4096 64 Enter Burst Transmit Ping mode disabled enabled disabled Enter Quiet mode disabled enabled disabled Enter time sec waits between sending each packet 1 20 panes lt 2 Configure ICMP sourceAddress n y y Index Interface Address 0 Best interfac default T 10 204 20 70 2 10 204 20 79 Select interface index 0 2 0 1 Press Enter key to interrupt PING 10 204 20 75 from 10 204 20 83 64 byte packets 64 bytes from 10 204 20 75 icmp_seq 0 time 26 ms 64 bytes from 10 204 20 75 icmp_seq 1 time 18 ms 64 bytes from 10 204 20 75 icmp_seq 2 time 18 ms 10 204 20 75 PING Statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 0 packet loss round trip ms min avg max 19 21 26 Using traceRoute 123 Using traceRoute The traceRoute feature allows you to track the route of an IP packet through the network TraceRoute information includes all the nodes in the ne
78. e network known as a routing table Conceptually Layer 3 switching occurs at the network layer of the OSI reference model It involves two basic activities a Determining the best path a Forwarding frames to the correct network Layer 3 switches can connect any two networks provided that the hosts on the network are using the same network layer protocols supported by the Layer 3 switch 16 CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Routing Protocols Routing Tables Routers communicate with each other through protocols that operate at the network layer level These routing protocols determine whether routing tables are static or dynamic and whether ink state OSPF or distance vector routing RIP is used In link state routing each device maintains a part of a replicated distributed database of routing information and collects the local link state information from all other devices In distance vector routing each device calculates the best path to all destinations and then shares that information with neighboring routers There are a large number of standards based routing protocols The Layer 3 Switch offers the Routing Information Protocol RIP and the Open Shortest Path First Protocol OSPF A routing table contains routing information including destination next hop associations and path desirability Next hop associations tell a router that a particular destination can best be reached by sending the
79. e of How Routes are Used by the Layer 3 Module i gt Displaying the Routing Table Administering Routes 67 routes to numerous destinations that all have the same gateway IP address The following example shows how the Layer 3 Module uses routes in the routing table to forward packets A route in the routing table may contain the following details a Network address of 89 1 0 0 a Subnet mask of 255 255 0 0 a Next hop of 90 5 5 4 A packet is received by the Layer 3 Module with a destination address of 89 1 9 99 When the Layer 3 Module receives the packet the module follows this process The Layer 3 Module applies the route s subnet mask to this destination address In this case the subnet mask of 255 255 0 0 applied to the destination address of 89 1 9 99 yields 89 1 0 0 The Layer 3 Module compares the masked destination address to the network address of the route In this case the masked destination address of 89 1 0 0 matches the network address of 89 1 0 0 The Layer 3 Module now uses the next hop contained within that route 90 5 5 4 to forward the packet nearer to its final destination If the Layer 3 Module finds more than one routing table entry matching an address it uses the most specific route which is the route with the most bits set in its subnet mask For example the route to a subnet within a destination network is more specific than the route to the destination network You can display the
80. e stack 1 Turn off the power to the Switch and disconnect the Switch from the main power supply 2 Locate and remove the blanking plate which covers the module slot Retain the blanking plate and the screws for future use See your Switch management guide to locate the slot for the module 3 Use the guide rails within the Switch slot to align the Layer 3 Module The location of the guide rails and the correct positioning of the module is shown in Figure 9 Figure 9 Fitting the Layer 3 Module gt io ol Console max 19200 8 1 N 3016968 SuperStack Il Switch Layer 3 Module The configuration switch is used to access the Configuration Application as described in Appendix B 30 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE Powering 4 Slide the module into the slot without touching the top or bottom of the circuit board Make sure that the module is pushed fully into the unit 5 Use the thumb screws attached to the module to fix it firmly into place 6 Power up the Switch as described in Powering Up the Switch If you have taken the Layer 3 Module from another Switch follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B to return to the factory default values 7 Follow the post installation checks as described in Post installation Checks on page 35 8 Follow the procedure
81. e the default route into the stub areas of the network This value applies to area border routers ABRs that have attached stub areas To display the current stub default metric value enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf stubDefaultMetric display A message similar to the following appears Stub default metric 20 You can set the stub default metric value on an area border router with an attached stub area The default value is 1 To define a default stub metric Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf stubDefaultMetric define The following prompt is displayed Enter stub default metric 1 65535 1 Enter the stub default metric value To disable the stub default metric value on the router enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf stubDefaultMetric remove The module removes the stub default metric immediately Administering Virtual Links Virtual Links provide connections to areas in the autonomous system that are not directly connected to the backbone You can define remove modify and display the virtual links on your module You must establish a virtual link in the following situations a When an area border router ABR has an interface that is not in the backbone area an area ID of 0 0 0 0 108 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Displaying Virtual Links 1 a When an ABR is connected to the backbone and provides access to the other ABRs that do not ha
82. e top level menu snmp community The system prompts you for the new community strings Enter new read only community public At the read only prompt enter the new community string Enter new read write community private At the read write prompt enter the new community string The following example retains the read only community string as public and sets a secret read write community string 46 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS i gt Enter new read only community public Enter new read write community private secret You can only change the community strings if you are logged into the user interface as administrator Administering SNMP Trap Reporting Displaying Trap Reporting Information Configuring Trap Reporting For network management applications you can manually administer the trap reporting address information To display trap reporting information including the various SNMP traps and their current configured destinations enter the following at the top level menu snmp trap display The following example shows a trap settings display Trap Descriptions Trap Description 1 MIB II Coldstart Trap Destinations Configured Address Trap Numbers Enabled 48 228 22 28 1 You can define up to 10 destination addresses and modify the set of traps that are sent to each destination address To configure trap reporting Enter the following at the top
83. ecific path through the network The network administrator can set up a special static route called the default route or default gateway Any frames containing a destination address which the routing table does not recognize are sent to this destination by default The advantage of static routes is that they cannot easily be disrupted by routing protocol instability and can be used to provide a backup routing infrastructure in such cases The disadvantage of static routes is that if the network links in the route definition are down traffic cannot be routed The implementation of a static route usually prohibits the router from offering an alternative data path Benefits of Layer 3 Switches Layer 3 switches offer the following benefits Layer 3 switches can reduce traffic on a network because they do not forward broadcast packets from one VLAN to another They can provide a simple firewall between subnetworks This prevents incidents that occur within one subnet from affecting others They make large Layer 3 switched networks easier to maintain than their Layer 2 switch based equivalents Router based networks support any topology and can more easily accommodate greater network size and complexity than similar Layer 2 switched networks Layer 3 switches can be used to off load IP traffic from older legacy routers that may have become overloaded 18 CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Network
84. ecurity Stop E What s Related Switch L3 Module L3Module 7AEDEO System Name L3Module 7AEDEO Apply Reset Help ommuni ElRemove Destination F Document Done a Tabs panel Located at the top of your browser window and contains the WebConsole tab The WebConsole tab displays a menu tree that lists the parameters that you can configure for the selected device a Menu tree Lists system menu options much like the user interface Click a menu item to view the associated form in the workspace a Workspace Displays forms for the selected menu option When a Telnet icon appears besides a device name in the menu tree you can click the icon to launch a Telnet session to configure system parameters which are not supported through the WebConsole SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS This chapter contains the following information a Available SNMP Context Commands a Setting Up SNMP on Your System a Administering SNMP Trap Reporting a Available System Context Commands a Displaying the System Configuration a Installing System Software using TFTP a Enabling Timeout of Remote Sessions a Setting Passwords a Setting the System Name a Working with Nonvolatile Data a Initializing Data to Factory Defaults a Resetting the Module See Accessing the User Interface on page 39 for information on launching the user interface 44 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS
85. eiveError Number of hello packets received Number of hello packets transmitted Number of database description packets received Number of database description packets transmitted Number of LSA request packets received Number of LSA request packets transmitted Number of LSA acknowledgments received Number of LSA acknowledgments transmitted Number of link state update packets received Number of link state update packets transmitted Number of times the designated router was computed Number of times OSPF adjacencies have been formed Number of times OSPF adjacencies have gone down Number of general transmit errors Number of general receive errors continued 92 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Setting the Mode Setting the Priority Table 21 Field Attributes for Interface Statistics Display continued Field Description mismatchHello Number of hello packet interval mismatches detected mismatchDead Number of router dead interval mismatches detected mismatchMask Number of subnet mask mismatches detected mismatchArealD Number of interface area ID mismatches detected mismatchAreaType Number of interface area type mismatches detected receivedUnknown Number of unknown LSAs received authError Number of authentication errors packetXsum Number of packet checksum errors since interface has come up IsaxsumError Number of LSA checksum errors detected You can set the OSPF mode for each interface The mode can b
86. enu items such as display summary detail 40 CHAPTER 4 MANAGING THE LAYER 3 MODULE levels For example Read and Write access is available when in i gt The access available at each level is also available by default at higher Administer mode USING THE WEB INTERFACE This chapter contains the following sections a Web Management Overview a Web Management User Interface The terms system and module are used interchangeably in the command line and the Web interface Web Management Overview WebConsole You use the Web management application to manage a Layer 3 Module from a Web browser The Web management application for the Layer 3 Module is the WebConsole which is an HTML based application From this application you can manage a single Layer 3 Module Alternatively you can manage several modules at the same time if you are using multiple windows The WebConsole application displays a tree of options for managing your devices Each option calls up one or more forms in which you can set parameters and view statistics Web Management User Interface The user interface for the Web management applications is divided into three areas as shown in Figure 11 42 CHAPTER 5 USING THE WEB INTERFACE Tabs panel Menu tree Workspace Figure 11 Web Management Interface RY WebManage Netscape L E Tx File Edit View Go Communicator Help 329A 2 eas cs 4 Back fowsc Reload Home Search Netscape ii S
87. ervice 146 network suppliers 147 product repair 149 telnet default password 33 rebooting the system 56 telnet timeout 50 interval 50 terminology 9 testing layer 3 module self test 30 TFTP using to install 49 Time To Live See TTL timeout enabling for remote sessions 50 timeout interval setting 50 traceRoute advanced options 125 commands 123 default values 125 numeric format 125 126 packet size 125 port 125 probe count 125 responses 123 source address 126 ttl 125 using 123 wait 125 transit area ID 108 transmit delay modifying for virtual link 111 OSPF interfaces 94 trap reporting configuring destinations 46 displaying 46 flushing addresses 47 removing destinations 47 Trivial File Transfer Protocol See TFTP troubleshooting admin password setting 136 bridge vlan summary 132 changing VLAN 1 IP address on Layer 3 module 134 contacting Layer 3 Module from VLANs 134 contacting Layer 3 module IP address 131 ip interface summary 136 Layer 3 module 129 to 136 module status LED 131 moving the module between switches 133 multicast routing 134 135 OSPF network 135 restoring configurations 133 URL DLL errors 136 using LEDs 35 130 variable length subnet masks 136 TTL threshold 79 ttl option traceRoute command 125 U UDP 123 UDP helper 14 administering 74 defining forwarding addresses 75 defining port numbers 75 displaying information 74 removing forwarding addresses 75 removing port numbers 75 setting BOOTP
88. esses 75 IP configuration default values 34 IP context available commands 60 IP interfaces administering 63 advertisement address 64 characteristics 63 cost 64 defining 64 displaying 64 IP address 63 modifying 65 removing 65 state 64 subnet mask 63 VLAN index 64 IP management interface using 39 IP menu commands advancedPing 121 advancedTraceRoute 126 arp age 71 arp display 70 arp flush 71 arp remove 71 arp static 70 dns define 72 dns display 72 dns domainName 72 dns modify 73 dns nslookup 74 dns remove 73 icmpRouterDiscovery 84 interface define 65 interface modify 65 interface remove 65 interface summary 64 multicast cacheDisplay 82 multicast dvmrp 78 multicast igmp 78 multicast interface disable 80 multicast interface display 79 multicast interface enable 79 multicast routeDisplay 82 multicast tunnel define 81 multicast tunnel display 80 multicast tunnel remove 81 ospf areas addRange 86 ospf areas defineArea 85 ospf areas display 84 ospf areas modifyArea 85 ospf areas modifyRange 87 ospf areas removeArea 86 ospf areas removeRange 87 ospf defaultRouteMetric define 88 ospf defaultRouteMetric display 88 ospf defaultRouteMetric remove 88 ospf interface arealD 93 ospf interface dead 95 ospf interface delay 94 ospf interface hello 94 ospf interface mode 92 ospf interface priority 93 ospf interface retransmit 95 ospf interface statistics 90 ospf interface summary 89 ospf linkS
89. etwork Mask IP address mask for the advertised destination Fwd Address Forwarding address for data traffic to the advertised destination Metric Cost to reach advertised destination continued 102 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Table 26 Field Attributes for the Link State Database External Display Field Description Type Type 1 normal link state metric Type 2 metric is larger than any local link state path RouteTag Not used by OSPF these 32 bits may be used to communicate other information between boundary routers Tag contents generally defined by application systems Administering Neighbors Displaying Neighbors Neighbor routers are physically attached to the same network segment and exchange OSPF routing tables To display information about the currently defined neighbors in an OSPF area enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf neighbors display The following example shows an OSPF neighbors display OSPF neighbor information Indx Neighbor Addr Router ID State Pri RxQ SumQ ReqQ Flags 1 108 8 0 2 6 6 6 6 Down 6 8 6 a S 1 108 8 8 3 8 8 8 8 Down 8 6 6 a S 2 11 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 Down 6 6 6 6 S Table 27 describes the fields in the neighbors display Table 27 Field Attributes for Neighbors Display Field Description Indx Interface index that a neighbor belongs to Neighbor Addr Interface address of neighbor Router ID Neighbor s OSPF router ID continued Admi
90. etwork summary display Table 25 Field Attributes for Link State Database Network Summary Display Field Description LSID Type 3 P network number Type 4 ASBR s OSPF router ID Router ID Originating router ID continued Displaying the Link State Database 101 Table 25 Field Attributes for Link State Database Network Summary Display Field Description LS Seq Sequence number of the LSA used to detect older duplicate LSAs LS Age Time in seconds since LSA was originated Network Mask Type 3 destination network s IP address mask Type 4 this type is not used must be 0 Metric Cost to reach the network Displaying External This display shows the external network LSAs in the link state database Network LSAs Originating from AS boundary routers they describe routes to destinations external to the Autonomous System To display external network LSAs 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf linkStateData external The following prompt is displayed Enter LSID 0 0 0 0 1 Enter the LSID Enter LSID mask 0 0 0 0 2 Enter the LSID mask Table 26 describes the fields in the link state database external display Table 26 Field Attributes for the Link State Database External Display Field Description LSID IP network number Router ID Originating router ID LS Seq Sequence number of the LSA used to detect older duplicate LSAs LS Age Time in seconds since LSA was originated N
91. f the Layer 3 Module a No virtual links defined static routes a Nostatic routes defined The following default values apply to each interface T CAUTION Do not change the values marked with a in the following table unless you are an experienced network operator and are aware of the consequences Table 10 P Default Values for Each Interface Parameter Default Value OSPF n a RIP n OSPF disabled on each new IP interface Hello timer 10 seconds Retransmit 5 seconds Dead interval 40 seconds Area ID 0 0 0 0 for each interface No password Interface cost 1 Priority 1 RIP is enabled and will learn but not advertise routes Interface cost 1 Poison reverse enabled No additional advertisement addresses are defined Post installation Checks LED Summary This section describes the LEDs and basic checks that you can use to verify your installation and to ensure that the Switch and module are operating correctly This section describes the Switch LEDs that provide status and troubleshooting information Table 11 Switch Module Status LEDs LED Name Color State Indicates Packet Yellow Packets are being routed Off No packets are being routed Status Yellow The Layer 3 Module is functioning Yellow An unrecognized or faulty module is installed in flashing the Switch Off There is no module installed in the Switch For information on solving problems after installation see Chapter 9
92. ftware products will meet Customer s requirements or work in combination with any hardware or applications software products provided by third parties that the operation of the software products will be uninterrupted or error free or that all defects in the software products will be corrected For any third party products listed in the 3Com software product documentation or specifications as being compatible 3Com will make reasonable efforts to provide compatibility except where the non compatibility is caused by a bug or defect in the third party s product YEAR 2000 WARRANTY In addition to the Hardware Products Warranty and Software Products Warranty identified above 3Com warrants that all Heritage 3Com products sold or licensed to Customer on and after January 1 1998 that are date sensitive will continue performing properly with regard to such date data on and after January 1 2000 provided that all other products used by Customer in connection or combination with the 3Com products including hardware software and firmware accurately exchange date data with the 3Com products with the exception of those products identified at 3Com s Web site http www 3com com products yr2000 html as not meeting this standard A product is considered a Heritage 3Com product if it is a member of a product family which was manufactured by 3Com prior to its merger with US Robotics Corporation This Year 2000 limited warranty does not
93. g 72 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Administering the Domain Name Server Client Displaying the DNS Configuration Modifying the DNS Domain Name Defining a New Name Server IP Address 1 1 The Domain Name Server DNS client provides DNS lookup functionality to the Switch IP ping and traceRoute features DNS lookup allows you to specify a hostname rather than an IP address when you use ping or traceRoute to contact an IP station The DNS commands allow you specify one or more name servers associated with a domain name Each name server maintains a list of IP addresses and their associated host names When you use ping or traceRoute with a hostname the DNS client attempts to locate the name on the name servers you specify When the DNS client locates the name it resolves it to the IP address associated with it See your DNS documentation for information about how to create and maintain lists of domain names and IP addresses on the name servers To display the current domain name and the name servers associated with it enter the following at the top level menu ip dns display The following example shows the IP DNS configuration display Domain Name dns org org Name Server 14 4 4 4 To change the name of the currently defined domain Enter the following at the top level menu ip dns domainName The following prompt is displayed Enter Domain Name dns eg org Enter the new domain name The Laye
94. he SNMP module To flush the trap reporting destinations Enter the following at the top level menu snmp trap flush The following prompt is displayed Are you sure n y yl Enter y yes or n no as required If you enter y the addresses are immediately flushed If you enter n the previous menu appears on the screen 48 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS Available System Context Commands The following commands are available in the system context Table 14 System Context Commands Command Options Syntax display Display the configuration of the Layer 3 Module softwareUpgrade Initiate a TFTP download of new system software initialize Reset nonvolatile data to factory defaults consoleTimeout timeout Enable disable the console inactivity time out interval Set the console inactivity time out in minutes password Change password for browsing or viewing configuring network parameters or for full system administration name Assign an easily recognizable and unique name to the Layer 3 Module nvData save Save nonvolatile data restore Restore nonvolatile data reset Reboot the system Displaying the System Configuration The system configuration display provides software and hardware revisions module status information and warning messages for certain system conditions To display the system configuration enter the following at the top level menu system display The display contains the follow
95. his gt Essential Configuration 31 IP address on VLAN 1 the default VLAN Once the first IP address has been set on the Layer 3 Module you can manage the module using its own management interfaces You cannot manage the Layer 3 Module directly from the Switch you must use Telnet or the Web interface to manage the module To get your Layer 3 Module up and running you must follow this configuration process Upgrade the Switch software if necessary as described in Upgrading Software on page 28 Insert the Layer 3 Module as described in Physical Installation on page 29 Use the Switch Web management interface or the Switch command line interface to add the IP address of the Layer 3 Module To add the IP address using the Web management interface a Launch the Web management interface for the Switch b Click the Unit icon on the side bar If there are several units in the icon click the unit containing the Layer 3 Module The Switch Graphic page is displayed containing a graphic of the Switch c Click the Layer 3 Module area on the graphic The Module Setup page is displayed d Inthe IP Address field enter the IP address for the module In the Subnet Mask field enter a subnet mask for the module f In the Default Router field enter the IP address of the Default Gateway if your network has one Enter 0 0 0 0 to indicate that you do not have a Default Router or to remove an existing Default Router
96. host with the default ping options Enter the following at the top level menu ip ping At the prompt specify the destination hostname or IP address The following example shows a successful ping with the default options Select menu option ip ping Enter host name IP address 0 0 0 0 10 204 20 75 Press Enter key to interrupt PING 10 204 20 75 64 byte packets 64 bytes from 10 204 20 75 icmp_seq 0 time 16 ms 64 bytes from 10 204 20 75 icmp_seq 1l time 19 ms 64 bytes from 10 204 20 75 icmp_seq 2 time 24 ms 10 204 20 75 PING Statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 0 packet loss round trip ms min avg max 16 20 24 Table 31 lists the default values for a ping command 120 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Using the advancedPing command Table 31 Default Values for Ping Options Option Default Value count 3 packets wait 1 second packetSize 64 bytes quiet disabled burst disabled sourceAddress determined by the router Use the ip advancedPing command to ping a host with one or more of the advanced ping options Table 32 describes the advanced ping options Table 32 Advanced Ping Options Option Description count wait packetSize quiet The number of ICMP echo request packets that the system sends to ping a host If the destination host does not respond after it is pinged by the number of packets that you specify the system displays a Hos
97. hows the correct IP address in the peer field but no multicast traffic is being routed through the tunnel the tunnel endpoints may not be on the interfaces that are closest to the destination User the ip multicast tunnel remove and define commands to create a multicast tunnel The multicast tunnel endpoints must be on two interfaces that are as close to each other on the network as possible Multicasts are being routed to other routers but not to your hosts Layer 3 Module is not the IGMP querier on the VLAN Ensure that IGMP is enabled using the ip multicast igmp command See Enabling and Disabling IGMP on page 78 Verify that the Layer 3 Module is the IGMP querier for the VLAN by checking the ip multicast interface display command OSPF network is unstable Layer 3 Module fails to converge because it is out of memory This is indicated by soft restarts or memoryFailure errors by the ip ospf statistics command Increase the system resources available to OSPF using the ip ospf partition modify command See Modifying Memory Partitions on page 106 On networks with a large amount of multicast traffic the intra router OSPF multicasts may become lost This causes HELLO and LSA messages to be missed and the network to destabilize If appropriate for your network try enabling IGMP snooping on the Switch stack This reduces multicast traffic across the network as a whole and prioritizes the
98. i tError 8 mnismatchDead rece iveDD transmitLSR 6 rece iveLSuU ad jacencyUp 6 rece iveError 8 mismatchMask nismatchAreald mismatchAreaType rece ivedUnknown You must configure a virtual link for each area border router that has an interface outside the backbone area You can define up to 32 virtual links per Layer 3 Module To define a virtual link Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks define The following prompt is displayed Enter transit area Enter the transit area in the form of an IP address This is the area that the virtual link is going through Enter target router Enter the router ID of the target router This is the OSPF border router where the virtual link will terminate To remove a virtual link that you have added previously Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks remove Administering Virtual Links 111 The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all 2 Specify the virtual link s you want to remove Modifying an ArealD To modify the area ID of the transit area associated with the virtual link 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks areaID The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all 2 Specify the virtual link required Enter target area 0 0 0 1 3 Specify the new area ID Modifying the Target To modify the target router associated w
99. in Essential Configuration on page 30 to make Up the Switch b gt Power On Self Test sure that the Layer 3 Module is ready for you to manage The Switch does not have an On Off button so you must power it up by connecting it to the main power supply using a power cable It can take up to 90 seconds before the Layer 3 Module is accessible You can find further information on connecting a power supply and safety information in your Switch Management Guide Each time the Switch and Layer 3 Module power up they run a Power On Self Test POST The POST for the Layer 3 Module consists of basic checks on the hardware These checks take approximately five seconds and run simultaneously with the self tests for the Switch Essential Configuration gt When first installed the Layer 3 Module has no effect on the Switch into which it is plugged The module is notionally present on all 16 Virtual Local Area Networks VLANs supported by the Switch However it does not have any IP addresses and does not route between VLANs You must allocate an IP address to the Layer 3 Module before you can manage it The IP address that you assign to the Layer 3 Module must be on the same IP network and subnet as the Switch You must use the Switch command line or Web management interface to set the first IP address for the Layer 3 Module This is because the Layer 3 Module does not support a local management port The module uses t
100. ing general system information m The system name a The system ID a The software version build date and time Installing System Software using TFTP 49 Installing System Software using TFTP gt To download the Layer 3 Module software using TFTP follow the procedures in this section You can load the system software into flash memory while the Layer 3 Module is operating You do not need to shut down the system Before you begin this procedure make sure that the TFTP server software is running on the device from which you will be installing the software Loading software into flash memory takes approximately 5 minutes to complete depending on your network load To install the system software using TFTP Enter the following at the top level menu system softwareUpgrade The following prompt is displayed Host IP address 172 16 200 14 Enter the IP address of the host machine such as a Sun workstation or PC from which you are installing the software Install file name 2 To display the filename conventions that you can use enter eT Enter the complete path and filename Some TFTP servers do not accept the full path If that is the case for your server enter only the filename of the image See your server documentation for more information CAUTION If the flash installation stops that is if you see no activity for more than 2 minutes wait for the TFTP session to time out Do not reboot
101. ingful to you The new system name appears the next time that you display the system configuration 52 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS Working with Nonvolatile Data Nonvolatile Parameters Creating a Backup of Nonvolatile Data Nonvolatile data is information stored by the Layer 3 Module which is retained even when the module is not powered on You can do the following tasks with nonvolatile data a Create a backup copy of the module s nonvolatile configuration a Retrieve the backed up file m Reset system data to its factory configured values if necessary During a save the contents of nonvolatile memory are written to a disk file All configurable parameters are saved in nonvolatile memory including a Module name a Passwords a P interface configurations a RIP mode setting a SNMP community string settings a SNMP trap destination configurations The file also contains the following information which is used to resolve any inconsistencies when nonvolatile data is restored Software version number a System ID a Date and time of creation a Type of configuration a Data checksums When the module saves nonvolatile data it writes it to a disk file on a host computer that is a server using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP You can then retrieve the information from the disk file by using the system nvData restore command Working with Nonvolatile Data 53 To back up nonvolati
102. ip multicast interface display The following example shows a multicast interface display DUMRP is disabled Index Local Address Metric State 1 172 16 21 184 1 disabled 2 172 16 231 97 1 one way non querier leaf peers 146 204 231 99 3 6 xe Multicast routing is enabled on all existing IP interfaces unless you have specifically disabled it Use the command described in this section to change the characteristics of an existing interface or to enable an interface that you had previously disabled To enable or change a multicast interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast interface enable The following prompt is displayed Enter an IP interface index 1 3 80 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS 2 Enter the index numbers of the interfaces that you want to enable Disabling Multicast Interfaces 1 Enter interface DVMRP metric 1 15 Enter the DVMRP metric value of the chosen interfaces Enter interface TTL threshold 1 255 Enter the Time To Live TTL threshold of the chosen interfaces To disable multicast routing on a specific interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast interface disable The following prompt is displayed Enter an IP interface index 1 2 Enter the index number of the IP interface you want to disable Administering Multicast Tunnels gt Displaying Multicast Tunnels A multicast tunnel allows multicast pac
103. ip ospf interface hello 94 ip ospf interface mode 92 ip ospf interface retransmit 95 ip ospf interface statistics 90 ip ospf interface summary 89 ip ospf linkStateData databaseSummary 97 ip ospf linkStateData external 101 ip ospf linkStateData network 99 ip ospf linkStateData router 97 ip ospf linkStateData summary 100 ip ospf neighbors add 104 ip ospf neighbors display 102 ip ospf neighbors remove 104 ip ospf partition display 105 ip ospf partition modify 106 ip ospf routerID 105 ip ospf stubDefaultMetric define 107 ip ospf stubDefaultMetric display 107 ip ospf stubDefaultMetric remove 107 ip ospf virtualLinks arealD 111 ip ospf virtualLinks dead 113 ip ospf virtualLinks define 110 ip ospf virtualLinks delay 111 ip ospf virtualLinks detail 108 ip ospf virtualLinks hello 112 ip ospf virtualLinks remove 110 ip ospf virtualLinks retransmit 112 ip ospf virtualLinks router 111 ip ospf virtualLinks statistics 109 ip ospf virtualLinks summary 108 ip ping 119 ip rip addAdvertisement 116 ip rip cost 118 ip rip display 115 ip rip mode 115 ip rip poisonReverse 116 ip rip removeAdvertisement 117 ip rip statistics 117 ip route display 67 ip route flush 69 ip route remove 68 ip route static 68 IP statistics 63 ip traceRoute 124 ip udpHelper define 75 ip udpHelper display 74 ip udpHelper hopCountLimit 76 ip udpHelper remove 75 ip udpHelper threshold 76 SNMP community 45 SNMP context 44 snmp displa
104. ith the virtual link Router 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks router The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all 2 Specify the virtual link required Enter target router 16 6 6 6 3 Enter the IP address of the new target router Modifying the You can set the virtual link transmit delay Transmit Delay The default value for the transmit delay is 1 second To modify the transmit delay 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks delay The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all 112 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS 2 Setting the Hello Timer Setting the Retransmit Interval Enter the virtual link ID Enter transmit delay 1 65535 1 Enter the value of the transmit delay The hello timer determines how often the virtual link transmits hello packets to neighbor routers on the network Hello packets tell other routers that the sending router is active on the network If a router does not send hello packets for a period of time specified by the dead interval the router is considered inactive The default value for the hello interval is 10 seconds To set the hello timer Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks hello The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all Enter the virtual link ID Enter Hello packet interval 1 65535 10 Enter the hello ti
105. ix Module user documentation if you are using a Matrix Module in a stack of Switches a OSPF Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol by John T Moy Addison Wesley 1998 ISBN 0 201 63472 4 3Com Web site http www 3com com Internet Engineering Task Force IETF information for Request for Comments RFCs http www ietf org The RFCs listed in Table 4 provide additional information on Layer 3 switching You can access the RFCs from http www ietf org rfc html 10 ABOUT THIS GUIDE Table 4 Useful RFC documents Protocol RFC Number Internet Protocol 791 Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP 792 Routing Information Protocol 1058 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol 1075 Host extensions for IP multicasting IGMP 1112 OSPF Protocol Analysis 1245 Requirements for IP Version 4 routers 1812 Feedback about this User Guide Your suggestions are very important to us They will help make our documentation more useful to you Please e mail comments about this document to 3Com at pddtechpubs_comments 3com com Please include the following information when commenting a Document title a Document part number on the title page a Page number if appropriate Example a SuperStack Il Switch Layer 3 Module User Guide a Part Number DUA1696 8AAA02 a Page 24 Do not use this E mail address for technical support questions For information about contacting Technical Support see Appendix C Yea
106. ize slow to stabilize and network traffic load OSPFv1 in the Layer 3 Module supports 32 areas 32 virtual links and 64 neighbors An OSPF area is a logical user defined group of networks hosts and directly attached routers All routers in an area converge onto the same OSPF routing table A type of OSPF area that contains routers with limited resources such as memory The stub area cannot support virtual links or Autonomous System boundary routers ASBRs and is at the outside edge of the OSPF routing domain Designating an OSPF area as a stub area allows routers in the stub area to work successfully without being able to route to the whole of the network Routing Information Protocol Version 1 a simple protocol used to exchange information between routers This occurs when all of the routers in a given OSPF area agree on the best path to a destination A network management function responsible for forwarding packets from their source to their destination A number of routing algorithms exist to suit different network topologies and requirements A collection of routers A routing table contains various routing information including destination next hop associations and path desirability Simple Network Management Protocol a protocol originally designed to be used in managing TCP IP internets SNMP is presently implemented on a wide range of computers and networking equipment and may be used to manage many aspects of netw
107. kets to cross several unicast routers to a destination router that supports multicast routing A tunnel has two end points The local end point is associated with an interface on the Layer 3 Module When you define the tunnel specify the associated interface on the Layer 3 Module and then the characteristics of the tunnel Tunnel characteristics are the same as those of an interface You also specify the IP address of the remote multicast router You only need to define a multicast tunnel if you need to set up a connection between two multicast internetworks through one or more unicast routers To display current IP multicast tunnels on the Layer 3 Module enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast tunnel display Defining a Multicast Tunnel Removing a Multicast Tunnel 1 1 The following example shows a IP multicast tunnel display DUMRP is enabled Index Local Address Remote Address Metric State 1 16 6 6 1 13 6 6 2 1 one way querier leaf pkts in 6 pkts out 275338 To define a multicast tunnel from an interface on the Layer 3 Module Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast tunnel define The following prompt is displayed Enter an IP interface index 1 Enter the index numbers of the interfaces with which to associate a multicast tunnel Enter remote IP address Enter the IP address of the destination multicast router The IP address of the destination multicast rou
108. latile Data If the save fails a message appears that is similar to the following example Saving system transfer timed out Error I O error while writing nonvolatile data Do you wish to retry the save using the same parameters n y yl If you enter y the system attempts to save the data as proposed If you enter n the nonvolatile data is not saved and the previous menu appears on the screen The exact text of the failure message depends on the problem that the system encountered while saving the nonvolatile data At the end of the save the system display returns to the previous menu You can retrieve nonvolatile data that you have backed up regardless of the system configuration To retrieve nonvolatile data Enter the following at the top level menu system nvData restore The following prompt is displayed Host IP address 0 0 0 0 Enter the IP address of the host on which the nonvolatile data file resides NV Control file full pathname Enter the nonvolatile data filename Some TFTP implementations may allow or require you to supply the filename with the directory path The system will save the file in the default TFTP directory Consult your network administrator for details If a saved system ID is different from the current system ID the module prompts you with a message that is similar to this one Warning mismatch between saved system ID 27DA00 and current system 28DA900 Do you
109. le data you must first create two files on the TFTP server before you send the data a Control file Use any filename that is meaningful to you Example ctrlfile a Nonvolatile data file Use the control filename plus the nvd extension Example ctrlfile nvd These files must reside in the directory in which the TFTP daemon is running Because TFP provides no user authentication make sure that the control file and the nonvolatile data file on the remote host are publicly readable and writable Otherwise the TFTP server cannot grant requests for file access To make a backup of nonvolatile data Enter the following at the top level menu system nvData save The following prompt is displayed Host IP Address 172 16 100 1 Enter the IP address of the TFTP server NV Control file full pathname Enter the full pathname of the control file without the nvd extension Some TFTP implementations may allow or require you to supply the filename with the directory path The file is then saved in the default TFTP directory Enter an optional file label lt none gt Optionally enter a label for the file If a session is successfully opened a message notifies you of the success or failure of your save If the save succeeds a message appears that is similar to the following example System NV data successfully stored on host 158 101 100 1 54 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS Retrieving Saved Nonvo
110. le from hosts on VLAN 1 but not from any of the hosts on other VLANs Main application image has become corrupted and the module is running the Configuration Application Obtain the main application software image from the 3Com Web site To reinstall the application image follow the procedure described in Downloading a Software Update in Appendix B You may have inadvertently configured the Switch ports for 802 1Q tagging using the VLAN page on the Switch Web interface instead of placing the ports into specific VLANs using the port setup by clicking on the Switch mimic Use the Switch Web interface or command line interface to verify that the corresponding front panel Switch ports have the correct configuration You have configured a multicast tunnel but multicast traffic is not being routed through it DVMRP is not enabled on the Layer 3 Module Enable DVMRP using the ip multicast dvmrp command See Enabling and Disabling DVMRP on page 77 continued Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module continued Problem Cause Identifying the Problem Solution You have configured a multicast tunnel but multicast traffic is not being routed through it Check the IP addresses of the routers at both ends of the multicast tunnel The ip multicast tunnel display command should indicate that they have the remote router as the peer If the multicast tunnel display s
111. link state database contains information about different link state advertisements LSAs The link state database represents changes to the topology of the network based on information from every router within the areas If the areas are large the link state database may change frequently due to geographical events When a router is powered up on a network it takes a short time to learn about other routes in its area Router convergence occurs when the routers in an area agree on the best path to a destination In very large networks router convergence may occur infrequently and for short periods only due to network changes You can check for router convergence by displaying the link state database gt Displaying a Database Summary Displaying Router LSAs _ Displaying the Link State Database 97 An asterisk after the router ID in a display indicates that the LSA originated locally This display summarizes all LSAs in the link state database To display the database summary Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf linkStateData databaseSummary The following prompt is displayed Enter Area ID 0 0 0 0 Enter the area ID Enter Area mask 0 0 0 0 Enter the area subnet mask The following example shows a link state database summary display OSPF link state database summary Area ID Checksum LSA Router Network Summary External Summation Count LSAs LSAs LSAs LSAs oeeisDAC 2 aay
112. lowing at the top level menu ip interface define The following prompt is displayed Enter IP address Enter the IP address of the interface Enter subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Enter the subnet mask of the interface Enter VLAN interface index 2 Enter the VLAN index that is associated with the 802 1Q VLAN ID for this VLAN You can change the configuration of an interface you have already defined To modify an IP interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip interface modify The following prompts are displayed Select IP interface 1 4 Enter IP address 12 0 0 2 Enter subnet mask 255 0 0 0 Enter VLAN interface index 3 3 Modify the existing interface parameters by entering a new value at the required prompt s You can remove an interface if you are no longer using it to route on the ports associated with the interface To remove an IP interface Enter the following at the top level menu ip interface remove The following prompt is displayed 66 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Select IP interfaces 2 4 all 2 Enter the index number of the interface you want to remove Administering Routes The Layer 3 Module maintains a table of routes to other IP networks subnets and hosts You can make static entries in this table using the command line interface or configure the Layer 3 Module to use a routing information protocol to exchange routing information automatically
113. mages over an intranet or the Internet 154 GLOSSARY ICMP IEEE IGMP IGMP querier IGMP snooping IP Address IPv4 Layer 2 Internet Control Message Protocol RFC 792 ICMP allows hosts to find the routers attached to their segments and provides certain diagnostic capabilities to the hosts when the routers are unable to deliver packets to addressed destinations Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers committees that develop and propose computer standards such as the 802 protocols which define the physical and data link protocols of communication networks Members represent an international cross section of users vendors and engineering professionals Internet Group Management Protocol RFC 1112 is used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any adjacent multicast routers It lets all the systems on a physical network know which hosts currently belong to which multicast groups The device on a network that sends out IGMP query requests in order to identify which hosts are members of multicast groups A Layer 2 switch uses IGMP snooping to identify which hosts have requested multicasts The switch can therefore identify which hosts should receive a multicast stream and also prevent the multicast stream from going to those hosts that have not requested multicasts Internet Protocol address a unique identifier for a device attached to a network using TCP IP The address is
114. menu ip ospf areas modifyArea 86 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Removing an Area 1 Adding a Range The following prompt is displayed Select area 1 2 Enter the index of the area you want to modify Enter Area ID 0 0 0 3 Enter the area ID Is this a stub area yes no no Specify whether this is a stub area To remove an existing OSPF area Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf areas removeArea The following prompt is displayed Select areas 1 2 Enter the index number of the area you want to remove You can add a range to a previously defined OSPF area When you add a range you specify only the network portion of the IP address To add a range Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf areas addRange The following prompt is displayed Select area 1 2 Enter the index number of the area to which you want to add the range Enter IP address Enter the IP address of the range to add to the area Enter subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Enter the subnet mask Advertise this area range yes no yes Specify whether to advertise the range on the network The default is yes Modifying a Range Removing a Range 1 1 Setting the Default Route Metric 87 To modify information associated with a previously defined range Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf areas modifyRange The following prompt is displayed Select area 1 2 En
115. mer value in seconds You can set the virtual link retransmit interval in seconds The default value for the retransmit interval is 50 seconds To set the retransmit interval Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks retransmit The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all Enter the virtual link ID Enter LSA restransmit time 1 65535 50 Enter the retransmit interval Modify the Dead Interval Setting the Password Displaying OSPF General Statistics 113 You can modify the virtual link dead interval The default dead interval is 40 seconds To modify the dead interval Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks dead The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all Enter the virtual link ID Enter dead interval 1 65535 40 Enter the value of the dead interval in seconds You can set the virtual link password which allows you to ensure that only routers with the correct password can use a virtual link To set the password Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks password The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 2 all Enter the virtual link ID Enter virtual link password none Enter the password Displaying OSPF General Statistics To display general OSPF statistics enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf statistics 114 CHAPTER 8 SETTI
116. mit Hello Rxmit Dead Area Router Delay Intyl Intyl Intui Password 1 6 6 6 5 192 168 168 168 1 16 56 46 OSPF virtual link detail information Indx State Local Address Remote Address Cost 1 Down AE Unreachable OSPF virtual link neighbor information Indx State RxQ SumQ ReqQ 1 Down 6 6 8 Enter lt CR gt to continue Table 29 describes the virtual links display fields Table 29 Field Attributes for Virtual Links Display Field Description Indx Index of the local interface that the virtual link is connected to Interface Address Local interface address Router ID Remote router s OSPF router ID Rxmit Intvl LSA retransmit interval for the virtual link Router Address Remote router s interface address changes dynamically Link State Virtual link state Link Cost Cost of virtual link computed dynamically To display statistics associated with virtual links Enter one of the following commands at the top level menu ip ospf virtualLinks statistics The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 32 1 2 Select the virtual link 110 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Defining a Virtual Link gt Removing a Virtual Link 1 The following example shows a virtual link statistics display rece iveHello transmi tDD 6 rece iveLsAck transmi tLSU 6 ad jacencyDown 8 mismatchHe llo OSPF virtual link statistics transmitHello rece iveLSR 8 transm i tLsAck compu teDR 8 transm
117. multiple VLANs Using the 802 1Q tagged links the Layer 3 Module can tell Switches A B and C which VLAN the packets are destined for All Switches at the end of the links receive traffic for all VLANs Figure 6 Network Using Multiple VLANs VLAN 1 192 168 168 0 VLAN2 192 168 169 0 Key Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 ZH Server y P ioe L Lt Workstation E Cable 802 1Q VLAN 1 192 168 168 0 VLAN 2 192 168 169 0 Tg tagged link Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 mO m E m VLAN 1 192 168 168 0 DOMNE E r VLAN 2 192 168 169 0 VLAN 3 192 168 170 0 oe Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 a C Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 H gt The Switches could also be connected in a stack using a SuperStack II Switch Matrix Module For further information see the user guide for the SuperStack II Switch Matrix Module Traffic on each VLAN is switched at Layer 2 via Switch D and routed at Layer 3 to other VLANs via the Layer 3 Module For example traffic from VLAN 1 on Switch A is switched to VLAN 1 on Switch B via Switch D Traffic from VL
118. n Figure 13 Downloading a Software Update 141 Figure 13 Download Software Update Menu Download Software Update Menu TFTP Server IP address Install file name Download software upgrade bin files Download software to run immediately ram files Return to previous menu IP Address 192 168 132 181 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway IP address 192 168 132 181 Enter one of 123467 f To download a new application image you need to have a TFP server installed on VLAN 1 The application image that you want to download must be installed on this TFTP server Enter 1 and the IP address of the TFTP server The menu now refreshes to display this change Enter 2 and the filename of the application image that you want to download The menu now refreshes to display this change as shown in Figure 14 142 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION APPLICATION Figure 14 Download Software Update Menu with IP Address and Filename Download Software Update Menu TFTP Server IP address 192 168 132 83 Install file name 13m61_61 bin Download software upgrade bin files Download software to run immediately ram files Return to previous menu IP Address 192 168 132 161 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway IP address 192 168 132 101 Enter one of 12346 3 Enter 3 to download the application image and load it into the non volatile storage on the Layer 3 Module The following prompt is displayed Enter one of 1
119. n nnn nnn is the IP address of the module If you have added the configuration name and IP address of the Layer 3 Module to your Domain Name Server you can enter the name of the module in the URL instead of the IP address You are prompted to enter the required access level and password as shown in Figure 10 Figure 10 Access Level and Password dialog box Username and Password Required x Enter username for read at L3M 01EAFf0 User Name l Password Cancel When the browser has located the module the Web interface opens See Chapter 5 Using the Web Interface for more information about the Web interface Enter the user name admin when you log on initially because there is no default password for this user See Default Passwords on page 33 for a list of the default passwords for different access levels To prevent unauthorized configuration of the module change the default passwords as soon as possible To do this using the Web interface you must log on as each default user and then follow the steps described in Setting Passwords on page 50 You can exit the Web interface at any time to do this close your Web browser For security reasons always close your Web browser after a management session Accessing the User Interface 39 Accessing the User Interface Using an IP Management Interface You can access the user interface in the following ways a From aPC or workstation to
120. n on defining the first IP address For information on defining subsequent IP addresses use the ip interface define command described in Defining an IP Interface on page 64 Displaying SNMP Settings Configuring Community Strings Setting Up SNMP on Your System 45 To display the current module SNMP configurations for community strings enter the following at the top level menu snmp display The following example shows an SNMP settings display Read only community is public Read write community is private A community string is an octet string included in each SNMP message that controls access to system information The SNMP software for the module internally maintains two community strings that you can configure a Read only community strings with the default public a Read write community strings with the default private When the SNMP software receives an SNMP request the module compares the community string in the request with the community strings that are configured for the module a SNMP get get next and set requests are valid if the community string in the request matches the module s read write community a Only the SNMP get and get next requests are valid if the community string in the request matches the module s read only community string When you set a community string you can specify any value up to 48 characters long To configure the community strings Enter the following at th
121. naging the module Chapter 4 nformation about using the Web interface Chapter 5 nformation on configuring system and SNMP parameters Chapter 6 nformation on configuring VLANs Chapter 7 nformation on configuring IP parameters on the module including Chapter 8 RIP and OSPF Problem solving information Chapter 9 continued Table 1 Where to find specific information continued If you are looking for Turn to EMC and technical specifications for the module Appendix A Information on using the Configuration Application Appendix B Technical support information Appendix C User Guide Conventions Table 3 Text Conventions Convention Table 2 and Table 3 list conventions that are used throughout this guide Table 2 Notice Icons Icon Type Description D gt Information Note Important features or instructions Caution Personal safety risk system damage or loss of data Warning Risk of severe personal injury Anti static warning Risk of electrostatic damage to equipment Description Enter versus Type The word enter means you must type something then press the Return or Enter key Do not press the Return or Enter key when an instruction simply says type Words in bold Bold is used to emphasize a point Words in italics Italics are used to denote the first occurrence of a new term which is defined in the glossary Text represented as screen display This typefa
122. nd out more about your support options please call the 3Com technical telephone support phone number at the location nearest you When you contact 3Com for assistance have the following information ready a Product model name part number and serial number a A list of system hardware and software including revision levels a Diagnostic error messages a Details about recent configuration changes if applicable 148 APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT Below is a list of worldwide technical telephone support numbers Country Telephone Number Country Telephone Number Asia Pacific Rim Australia 1 800 678 515 P R of China 10800 61 00137 or Hong Kong 800 933 486 021 6350 1590 India 61 2 9937 5085 Singapore 800 6161 463 Indonesia 001 800 61 009 S Korea Japan 0031 61 6439 From anywhere in S Korea 82 2 3455 6455 Malaysia 1800 801 777 From Seoul 00798 611 2230 New Zealand 0800 446 398 Taiwan R O C 0080 611 261 Pakistan 61 2 9937 5085 Thailand 001 800 611 2000 Philippines 1235 61 266 2602 Europe From anywhere in Europe call 31 0 30 6029900 phone 31 0 30 6029999 fax From the following European countries you may use the toll free numbers Austria 0800 297468 Netherlands 0800 0227788 Belgium 0800 71429 Norway 800 11376 Denmark 800 17309 Poland 0800 3111206 Finland 0800 113153 Portugal 0800 831416 France 0800 917959 South Africa 0800 995014 Germany 0130 821502 Spain 900 983125 Hungary 00800 12813 Sweden 020 795482 I
123. nds that you check the Release Notes that accompany the module for information on any additional device support Pre installation Procedure Upgrading Software This section describes the procedures you need to follow before installing the Layer 3 Module To determine the version of software installed on the Switch do one of the following a Use the Unit Status page on the Switch s Web interface a Use the Switch system display command The number shown in the Operational Version field is also the version number for the software For further information see your Switch management guide If your Switch does not already have version 2 4 or later of the Switch software installed you must upgrade the Switch software before installing the Layer 3 Module Physical Installation 29 If you need to upgrade the software 1 Use the Switch software CD if one has been included with your Layer 3 Module Otherwise download the latest version of the software from 3Com s information delivery systems as described in Online Technical Services on page 145 2 Follow the instructions for upgrading software that are provided in the Switch management guide Physical Installation gt This section describes how to install the Layer 3 Module using the example of a SuperStack II Switch 3300 If you have connected several switches in a stack using the SuperStack II Switch Matrix Module install only one Layer 3 Module in th
124. neighboring router DRother The interface is on a multi access network where this router is not the DR or BDR DR The router is the DR on the attached network DR Router ID of the designated router DR BDR Router ID of the backup designated router BDR Notes When RouterID appears the interface address is being used as the OSPF router ID To display statistics associated with specific OSPF interfaces 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf interface statistics The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 2 all 2 Select an IP interface Configuring OSPF Interfaces 91 The following example shows an OSPF interface statistics display Select IP interfaces 1 3 al11 all OSPF interface statistics Index receiveHello 6 36146 6 transmitDD 6 13 68 receiveLsAck 6 411 6 transmitLSu 6 424 6 transmitHello 6 36199 36196 receiveLSR 6 6 6 transmitLsfck 6 268 6 computeDR 6 18 4 Table 21 describes the interface statistics display attributes Table 21 Field Attri q to quit f butes for Interface Statistics Display receiveDD 6 17 6 transmitLSR receiveLSU 8 272 6 adjacencyUp 6 6 8 Field Description receiveHello transmitHello receiveDD transmitDD receiveLSR transmitLSR receiveLsAck transmitLsAck receiveLSU transmitLSU computeDR adjacencyUp adjacencyDown transmitError rec
125. nfigured network hardware and software products that limit access to the network by unauthorized individuals from outside the firewall For example a firewall can enforce an access control policy between an internal network and the Internet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Programmable Read Only Memory Technology providing nonvolatile storage that can be electrically erased in the circuit and reprogrammed A network that consists of a single backbone domain The connections between devices are only at the Layer 2 level and do not contain routers An IP end station such as a UNIX workstation a personal computer or a network connected device Generic Attribute Registration Protocol GARP is a system outlined by the IEEE 802 1D standard that allows endstations in a network to register that they would like to receive traffic with certain attributes A device that can interconnect networks with different incompatible communications protocols The gateway performs a layer 7 protocol conversion to translate one set of protocols to another for example from TCP IP to SNA or from TCP IP to X 25 A gateway operates at Open Systems Interconnection OSI layers up through the Session Layer GARP VLAN Registration Protocol GVRP is a specific use of GARP that allows endstations to register that they would like to receive traffic for certain VLANs HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP is a protocol used for transferring text and i
126. ng The Layer 3 Module has the following software features a Pv4 unicast routing a Pv4 multicast routing a Static routes a Support for the following protocols a Routing Information Protocol RIP a Open Shortest Path First Protocol OSPF 14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING THE LAYER 3 MODULE a Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP a Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP a User Datagram Protocol UDP helper BOOTP DHCP Relay Several management options a Web based management Command line interface management a SNMP management Layer 3 Module Software Features Explained IP v4 Unicast Routing IP v4 Multicast Routing Static Routes UDP Helper The following sections explain in more detail the software features listed in Summary of Software Features on page 13 The Layer 3 Module supports IP v4 unicast routing and its associated features This allows packets to be routed between individual hosts on different VLANs The Layer 3 Module supports IP v4 multicast routing and its associated protocols These protocols allow packets to be efficiently routed from a single host to many other hosts a Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP This supports IP multicast routing by broadcasting data to each router in an internetwork when users join or leave multicast groups a Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP This is used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to an
127. nications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference to radio communications in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense CSA Statement This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada eee e Pecee CONFIGURATION APPLICATION This appendix contains the following sections a About the Configuration Application a Accessing the Configuration Application a Downloading a Software Update a Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values About the Configuration Application The Configuration Application is an additional application provided with the Layer 3 Module boot code You can use it to provide an alternative method of installing new system software and to restore the Layer 3 Module to its factory default values Accessing the Configuration Application The Configuration Application can only be accessed via Telnet from hosts on VLAN 1 To start the Layer 3 Module running with the Configuration Application Use the Switch Web interface or command line interface to ensure that the Layer 3 Module has an IP address subnet mask and default gateway and that the module is enabled See step 3 on page 31 for more information
128. nistering Neighbors 103 Table 27 Field Attributes for Neighbors Display continued Field Description State Pri RxQ SumQ ReqQ Flags Neighbor s adjacency Down No recent data received from neighbor connection is down Attempt Only used on non broadcast networks No recent data received from neighbor will attempt to contact Init Have recently seen hello packet from neighbor however two way communication has not been established Two way Bidirectional communication has been established ExStart Taking initial step to create adjacency between neighboring routers Exchange Database descriptions are being exchanged Loading LSA databases are being exchanged Full Neighboring routers are fully adjacent Neighbor s OSPF router priority Number of LSAs in local retransmit queue to the neighbor Number of LSAs in LSA summary queue for the neighbor Number of LSAs being requested from neighbor Neighbor identification flags D dynamic neighbor S static neighbor BDR backup designated router DR designated router Example S BDR D DR isa static neighboring backup designated router and a dynamic neighboring designated router 104 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Adding a Neighbor Removing a Neighbor 1 You can add a neighbor static IP address to an existing interface This may speed up the process of router convergence To add a neighbor Enter the following at the top level
129. nue the system will be rebooted after the nonvolatile data is reset Do you wish to continue n y y Enter y yes or n no as required 56 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS Resetting the Module If you reboot the module while you are connected through an rlogin or Telnet session rebooting disconnects your session To reboot the module Enter the following at the top level menu system reset The following prompt is displayed Are you sure you want to reboot the system n y y Enter y yes or n no as required If you enter y the system reboots If you enter n the previous menu appears on the screen DISPLAYING VLAN PARAMETERS This chapter describes how to display information about VLANs to find what VLAN indexes the Layer 3 Module has created for the 802 1Q VLANs on which it is present Displaying VLAN Information The Layer 3 Module learns on which 802 1Q VLANs it is present from the host switch These VLANs are either statically configured or learnt through GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol The module creates corresponding VLAN indexes for all these VLANs automatically The module uses these VLAN indexes to assign IP addresses to VLANs You can display the VLANs that the module has learnt from the Switch using the bridge vlan summary command The summary includes the following fields a Index The system assigned index number that identifies a VLAN a VID The VLAN ID
130. oration World Wide Web site by entering the URL into your Internet browser http www 3com com This service provides access to online support information such as technical documentation and software library as well as support options ranging from technical education to maintenance and professional services This interactive tool contains technical product information compiled by 3Com expert technical engineers around the globe Located on the World Wide Web at http knowledgebase 3com com this service gives all 3Com customers and partners complementary round the clock access to technical information on most 3Com products 146 APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT 3Com FIP Site i gt 3Com Bulletin Board Service 3Com Facts Automated Fax Service Download drivers patches software and MIBs across the Internet from the 3Com public FTP site This service is available 24 hours a day 7 days a week To connect to the 3Com FTP site enter the following information into your FTP client m Hostname ftp 3com com m Username anonymous a Password lt your Internet e mail address gt A user name and password are not needed with Web browser software such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer The 3Com BBS contains patches software and drivers for 3Com products This service is available through analog modem or digital modem ISDN 24 hours a day 7 days a week Access by Analog Modem To reach the service by modem
131. ork and endstation operation Static routes are entered manually into the routing table and are used to reach networks not advertised by routers A subnet mask distinguishes the network ID part of an IP address from the host ID part A subnet mask is a 32 bit number expressed as four decimal numbers in the range O to 255 separated by periods switch TCP Telnet TELNET TFTP UDP UDP Helper unicast unicast routing variable length subnet mask GLOSSARY 157 A device which filters forwards and floods packets based on the packet s destination address The switch learns the addresses associated with each switch port and builds tables based on this information to be used for the switching decision A layered set of communications protocols providing Telnet terminal emulation FTP file transfer and other services for communication among a wide range of computer equipment A TCP IP application protocol that provides virtual terminal service letting a user log in to another computer system and access a host as if the user were connected directly to the host An asynchronous virtual terminal protocol that allows for remote access Trivial File Transfer Protocol allows you to transfer files such as software upgrades and configuration files to and from a remote device User Datagram Protocol a protocol enabling an application to send individual messages to other applications Delivery is not guaranteed
132. packet to a specific router which represents the next hop on the way to the final destination When a router receives a packet it examines the destination address and determines the most appropriate next hop Path desirability concerns the most efficient path a packet can take The source and destination devices compare routing metrics to determine the most desirable path between them A routing metric is a standard of measurement used by routing algorithms to determine the most efficient path to a particular destination Routing algorithms store route information in routing tables This information varies with the routing algorithm used Dynamic and Static Routes Routing tables usually consist of a mixture of dynamic and static routes a Dynamic routes allow routers to continually learn the network topology on a regular basis and update their own routing tables accordingly They are learned using a routing information protocol Routers using the Routing Information Protocol RIP send out RIP advertisements at regular intervals to advertise their network status to other routers Dynamic routes age out automatically if an update is not received for a device for a set period of time Benefits of Layer 3 Switches 17 Static routes are entered manually into the routing table and are used to reach networks not advertised by routers for example if a particular routing policy needs to be enforced Static routes force traffic to follow a sp
133. panel ports up on a VLAN the ip interface summary display reports the corresponding IP interface as UP In addition other routers are still having routes to that network advertised to them by the Layer 3 Module Layer 3 Module always reports all of its IP interfaces as UP This is because the Layer 3 Module is in effect directly connected to the Switch infrastructure through a tagged link and that link to the Switch fabric never goes down You have forgotten your admin password setting and therefore cannot manage your Layer 3 Module Follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B and reconfigure the Layer 3 Module When you access the Web interface you can see the banner and the tab panel but nothing in the Menu tree or workspace Click the Web Console button on the tab panel to bring up the menu tree and workspace The fonts in the Web interface are too small to read easily Fonts used in the Layer 3 Module Web pages are configured to be small in order to include as much information as possible on each page Reconfigure your browser to override the document specified fonts with your own choice of fonts and point sizes LAYER 3 MODULE TECHNICAL A SPECIFICATIONS wees is Pecee Environmental Requirements Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Operating Humidity Environmental Standard 0 to 50 C 32 to 122 F 10 to 7
134. r 2000 Compliance This product is Year 2000 compliant For more information on Year 2000 compliance and 3Com products visit the 3Com Year 2000 Web page http www 3com com products yr2000 htm1 Product Registration 11 Product You can now register your product online from the 3Com Web site to Registration receive updates and information regarding your product http www 3com com productreg pdd 12 ABOUT THIS GUIDE INTRODUCING THE LAYER 3 MODULE This chapter provides a brief overview of the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module and looks at how it handles routing functionality It contains the following sections a About the Layer 3 Module a Layer 3 Module Software Features Explained About the Layer 3 Module i gt Summary of Hardware Features Summary of Software Features The SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module is an expansion module which slots into the SuperStack Il Switch 1100 and 3300 family It provides a Layer 3 switching function between Virtual LANs VLANs without resorting to external routers If your Switch does not already have version 2 4 or later of the Switch software installed you must upgrade the Switch software before installing the Layer 3 Module See Upgrading Software on page 28 for more information about upgrading the Switch software The Layer 3 Module has the following hardware features a Layer 3 switch capability within the stack a Hardware support for Layer 3 switchi
135. r 3 Module displays the current domain name in brackets To define a new name server IP address associated with the current domain name Enter the following at the top level menu ip dns define Modifying a Name Server IP Address Removing a Name Server IP Address 1 1 Administering the Domain Name Server Client 73 The following prompt is displayed Enter Name Server s IP address Enter the new name server IP address at the prompt When the Layer 3 Module accepts the new IP address it displays a message similar to the following Server s IP address 10 0 0 5 is added to the DNS database The Layer 3 Module assigns the new IP address an index number Use this index number when you want to modify or remove this IP address To change a currently defined name server IP address Enter the following at the top level menu ip dns modify The Layer 3 Module displays the list of Name Server IP addresses and the index number associated with each one Index Name Server IP address 1 10 0 0 4 2 10 0 0 5 Select server index 1 2 Enter the index number of the IP address you want to modify Enter New Server s IP address Enter the new IP address To remove a previously defined Name Server IP address Enter the following at the top level menu ip dns remove The Layer 3 Module displays the list of Name Server IP addresses and the index number associated with each one Index Name Server IP address 1 1
136. r the delivery of high bandwidth network applications IP multicast routing is not solely limited to the Internet it can also play an important role in large distributed commercial networks i gt Enabling and Disabling DVMRP There are two fundamental types of IPv4 addresses corresponding to the communication methods a Unicast addresses Designed to transmit a packet to a single destination a Multicast addresses Designed to enable the delivery of datagrams to a set of hosts that have been configured as members of a multicast group in various scattered subnetworks A broadcast address is a special type of multicast address It is used to send a datagram to an entire subnetwork however a broadcast address is not usually routed beyond the subnetwork Multicast routing is not connection orientated A multicast datagram is delivered to destination group members with the same best effort reliability as a standard unicast IP datagram This means that a multicast datagram is not guaranteed to reach all members of the group or arrive in the same order relative to the transmission of other packets The only difference between a multicast IP packet and a unicast IP packet is the presence of a group address in the Destination Address field of the IP header Instead of a Class A B or C IP address multicasting employs a Class D destination address format 224 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 Multicast routers execute a multi
137. raceroute to 10 0 1 2 30 hops max 28 bytes packet 1040173 12 ms 7 ms 5 ms TOOS 51 ms 9 ms 7ms 10 0 24 22 21 ms 15 ms 6 ms LOO 0 72 18 ms 90ms 80 ms BwWN PF 128 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS PROBLEM SOLVING This chapter describes how to identify the cause of problems you may encounter with the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module and suggests possible solutions It contains the following sections a Introduction a Interpreting LEDs a Identifying the Problem This chapter deals with problems specific to the Layer 3 Module For more general problem solving tips see the Problem Solving section of your Switch user guide Introduction gt This problem solving section describes how to identify the cause of a problem and suggests possible solutions It contains the following sections a Interpreting LEDs The two module status LEDs on the Switch provide valuable status information that can be used for troubleshooting You may find it useful to familiarize yourself with these LEDs before reading the troubleshooting suggestions in the following sections a Identifying the Problem Use this section when you do not know the cause of the problem If you have problems that are not addressed by the problem solving information in this guide contact 3Com Technical Support or your service personnel See Appendix C for information about contacting Technical Support CAUTION The Layer 3 Module does not contain any pa
138. ration Application 139 Accessing the Configuration Application 139 Downloading a Software Update 140 Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values 143 TECHNICAL SUPPORT Online Technical Services 145 Support from Your Network Supplier 147 Support from 3Com 147 Returning Products for Repair 149 GLOSSARY INDEX 3COM CORPORATION LIMITED WARRANTY ABOUT THIS GUIDE This guide describes the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module for the SuperStack II Switch 1100 and 3300 family Before reading this guide make sure that you are familiar with routing concepts and Virtual LANs VLANs Make sure you are also familiar with the command line and Web interfaces for the SuperStack Il Switch 1100 and 3300 products If release notes are shipped with your product and the information there differs from the information in this guide follow the instructions in the release notes This user guide and its release notes are available in Adobe Acrobat Reader Portable Document Format PDF on the 3Com World Wide Web site http www 3com com How to Use This Guide Table 1 shows where to look for specific information in this guide Table 1 Where to find specific information If you are looking for Turn to An overview of the module and an outline of its main features Chapter 1 nformation on where to place the module in your network Chapter 2 nstallation information for the module Chapter 3 nformation on ma
139. rdless of the state of the front panel ports a VLAN Index VLAN ID The VLAN index indicates which 802 1Q VLAN is associated with that IP interface When the menu prompts you for this option it displays a list of available VLANs To display the mappings between the VLAN indexes and the 802 1Q VLANs use the bridge vlan summary command See Chapter 7 Displaying VLAN Parameters for more information about this command You can display summary information about all IP interfaces configured on the Layer 3 Module The detail display contains summary information and information about the advertisement address Enter the following at the top level menu ip interface summary The following example shows an IP interface summary display Select interface s 1 4lall 1 IP routing is enabled ICMP router discovery is disabled Index Type IP address Subnet mask State VLAN index 1 VLAN 108 8 8 2 255 8 0 8 Up 1 When you define an IP interface you specify several characteristics associated with that interface as well as the VLAN associated with it The default values that the Layer 3 Module provides for some interface characteristics are appropriate for most networks Modifying an IP Interface Removing an Interface Administering IP Interfaces 65 Make sure that you define a VLAN as described in your Switch management guide before you define an associated IP VLAN interface To define an IP interface Enter the fol
140. reland 1 800 553117 Switzerland 0800 55 3072 Israel 1800 9453794 U K 0800 966197 Italy 1678 79489 Latin America Argentina AT amp T 800 666 5065 Mexico 01 800 CARE 01 800 2273 Brazil 0800 13 3266 Peru AT amp T 800 666 5065 Chile 1230 020 0645 Puerto Rico 800 666 5065 Colombia 98012 2127 Venezuela AT amp T 800 666 5065 North America 1 800 NET 3Com 1 800 638 3266 Enterprise Customers 1 800 876 3266 Returning Products for Repair 149 Returning Products for Repair Before you send a product directly to 3Com for repair you must first obtain a Return Materials Authorization RMA number Products sent to 3Com without RMA numbers will be returned to the sender unopened at the sender s expense To obtain an RMA number call or fax Country Telephone Number Fax Number Asia Pacific Rim Europe South Africa and Middle East Latin America 65 543 6500 44 1442 435860 65 543 6348 44 1442 435718 1 408 326 2927 1 408 326 3355 From the following European countries you may call the toll free numbers select option 2 and then option 2 Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland U K U S A and Canada 0800 297468 0800 71429 800 17309 0800 113153 0800 917959 0130 821502 00800 12813 1800553117 1800 9453794 1678 79489 0800 0227788 800 11376 00800 3111206 0800
141. rk that immediately precedes them in the table Mcast group The destination multicast group CTmr Cache timer which is the amount of time that a cache entry has to remain in the cache Age Number of seconds s minutes m or hours h that the cache entry has been in existence PTmr The time remaining in seconds s minutes m or hours h before another prune message will be sent to the network In If Interface number on which that gateway is connected Traffic is expected to originate from this interface T represents the tunnel P denotes that a prune message has been sent to this tunnel Out Ifs Set of interfaces out of which the traffic will be flooded Ix represents the interface Enabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery i gt The Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP Router Discovery protocol RFC 1256 allows an appropriately configured end station to locate one or more routers on the LAN to which it is attached The end station then automatically installs a default route to each of the routers running ICMP Router Discovery You do not need to manually configure a default route ICMP redirect messages will subsequently channel the IP traffic to the correct router Only certain workstations can be configured to work with the ICMP Router Discovery protocol Refer to the documentation for your workstation to determine whether it can be configured to work with this protocol 84 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARA
142. route To remove an existing route Enter the following at the top level menu ip route remove The following prompt is displayed Select destination IP address Administering Routes 69 2 Enter the destination IP address of the route Flushing All Learned Routes Setting the Default Route i gt Removing the Default Route Select subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Enter the subnet mask of the route The Layer 3 Module deletes the route from the routing table immediately Flushing deletes all learned routes from the routing table To flush all learned routes enter the following at the top level menu ip route flush The Layer 3 Module deletes all learned routes from the routing table immediately If you define a default route the Layer 3 Module uses it to forward packets that do not match any other routing table entry The Layer 3 Module can learn a default route using RIP or you can configure a default route statically If the routing table does not contain a default route then the Layer 3 Module cannot forward a packet that does not match any other routing table entry If this occurs then the Layer 3 Module drops the packet and sends an ICMP destination unreachable message to the host that sent the packet You cannot configure the default route using the command line interface you must use the Web management interface for the Switch To set the default route follow the procedure described in step 3 on p
143. rts that can be serviced by the user 130 CHAPTER 9 PROBLEM SOLVING Interpreting LEDs Table 35 describes the LEDs on the Switch Table 35 Switch Module Status LEDs LED Name Color State Indicates Packet Yellow Packets are being routed Off No packets are being routed Status Yellow The Layer 3 Module is functioning Yellow An unrecognized or faulty module is installed in flashing the Switch Off There is no module installed in the Switch f CAUTION The absence of lit LEDs does not necessarily mean that the device is not powered up Identifying the This section describes how to identify problems and suggests possible Problem solutions Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module Problem Cause Solution The module status LED on the front Power supply problem Try the following troubleshooting panel of the Switch is not lit when procedures the Layer 3 Module is present 1 Check that the power supply is plugged into the device using a power outlet that is known to be working 2 Check that the main power supply switch on the wall is set to the ON position 3 Replace the power cable with a cable known to be working and power up the Switch 4 Contact 3Com Technical Support See Appendix C Layer 3 Module is not correctly Remove and then reinstall the Layer installed 3 Module See Chapter 3 for more information about installing the Layer 3 Module continued Identifying the Problem
144. s 73 OSPF area ranges 87 OSPF areas 85 OSPF memory partitions 106 virtual link area IDs 111 virtual link dead interval 113 virtual link target routers 111 virtual link transmit delay 111 multicast addresses 77 multicast interfaces changing 79 enabling 79 multicast routing 76 troubleshooting 134 135 multicast routing protocol 77 resetting default values 55 143 restoring 54 saving 52 transferring 52 N name servers defining 72 modifying 73 removing 73 naming the Layer 3 module 51 neighbors administering 102 network LSAs 99 external 101 summary 100 summary types 100 network supplier support 147 next hop routing table entry 66 next hop routers 16 NonVolatile data See NV data numeric format traceRoute command 125 126 NV data backup 52 contents saved 52 file information 52 parameters 52 resetting 55 online technical services 145 Open Shortest Path First protocol See OSPF OSI reference model 15 OSPF 16 84 area border routers 107 areas 156 available memory 105 defining stub default metric 107 defining virtual links 110 displaying stub default metric 107 external network LSAs 101 link state advertisement 95 link state database 96 link state database summary 97 memory partitions 105 network LSA summary 100 network LSAs 99 removing stub default metric 107 router ID 104 router LSAs 97 setting default route metrics 87 Statistics 113 stub default metric 107 troubleshooting 135
145. s and advertises RIP routes to other routers but does not learn RIP routes from other modules The default RIP mode is passive To set the RIP mode Enter the following at the top level menu ip rip mode The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 4 all 1 116 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Enabling and Disabling Poisoned Reverse Adding an Advertisement Address 2 Select the interface you require Interface 2 Enter RIP mode disabled learn advertise enabled enabled 3 Enter the RIP mode as required When the Poisoned Reverse mode is enabled RIP does the following Advertises route updates it receives back through the receiving interfaces a Sets the route metric to 16 meaning route not reachable By disabling the Poisoned Reverse mode you can stop RIP from advertising routes back through the originating ports Poisoned Reverse mode is enabled by default To enable Poisoned Reverse mode 1 Enter the following at the top level menu ip rip poisonReverse The following prompt is displayed Select IP interfaces 1 4 all 4 2 Select the interface you require Interface 2 Enter RIP poison reverse mode disabled enabled enabled 3 Enable or disable the Poisoned Reverse mode as required You can add an advertisement address to an IP RIP interface This defines the IP addresses of specific hosts or routers to receive RIP updates An advertisement address
146. se specified above Spare parts and spares kits 90 days If a product does not operate as warranted above during the applicable warranty period 3Com shall at its option and expense repair the defective product or part deliver to Customer an equivalent product or part to replace the defective item or refund to Customer the purchase price paid for the defective product All products that are replaced will become the property of 3Com Replacement products may be new or reconditioned Any replaced or repaired product or part has a ninety 90 day warranty or the remainder of the initial warranty period whichever is longer SOFTWARE 3Com warrants that the software programs licensed from it will perform in substantial conformance to the program specifications therefor for a period of ninety 90 days from the date of purchase from 3Com or its authorized reseller 3Com warrants the media containing software against failure during the warranty period No updates are provided 3Com s sole obligation with respect to this express warranty shall be at 3Com s discretion to refund the purchase price paid by Customer for any defective software products or to replace any defective media with software which substantially conforms to applicable 3Com published specifications Customer assumes responsibility for the selection of the appropriate applications program and associated reference materials 3Com makes no warranty or representation that its so
147. second time out interval traceRoute prints an asterisk for that probe Other characters that can appear in the display are a n Indicates that the network is unreachable a H Indicates that the host is unreachable a P Indicates that the protocol is unreachable a F Indicates that fragmentation is needed a lt n gt Indicates an unknown packet type 124 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Using the traceRoute Command gt Use the ip traceRoute command to trace a route to a destination using the default traceRoute options see Table 33 on page 125 To change the default traceRoute options use the advancedTraceroute command and press Enter until you see the prompt for the option you want to change You can specify a host name or an IP address as the destination in the traceRoute command If you specify a hostname the hostname and its associated IP address must be configured on a network name server Also you must add the IP address on the name server to the list of name server addresses associated with the network domain name See Administering the Domain Name Server Client on page 72 for further information To trace a route to a host Enter the following at the top level menu ip traceRoute At the prompt specify the host name or IP address of the destination to which you want to trace a route The system begins the trace and then displays the IP address and host name if available of the gateways
148. set command on the Switch To use this command a Use Telnet to access the command line interface for the Switch Enter the following at the top level menu system reset yes This command restarts the Switch and module immediately Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values 2 i gt To reset the configuration to its factory default values Enter 2 in the Configuration Application Menu Display as shown in Figure 12 Enter y to reset the module to its factory default values Resetting the module to the factory defaults also removes any passwords that have been set and resets the SNMP community strings 144 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION APPLICATION eee Pid Pecee TECHNICAL SUPPORT 3Com provides easy access to technical support information through a variety of services This appendix describes these services Information contained in this appendix is correct at time of publication For the very latest information 3Com recommends that you access the 3Com Corporation World Wide Web site Online Technical Services World Wide Web Site 3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 3Com offers worldwide product support 24 hours a day 7 days a week through the following online systems a World Wide Web site a 3Com Knowledgebase Web Services a 3Com FIP site a 3Com Bulletin Board Service 3Com BBS 3ComFacts automated fax service Access the latest networking information on the 3Com Corp
149. set your modem to 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit Access by Digital Modem ISDN users can dial in to the 3Com BBS using a digital modem for fast access up to 64 Kbps Use the following number to access the 3Com BBS with an analog or a digital modem 1 847 262 6000 The 3ComFacts automated fax service provides technical articles diagrams and troubleshooting instructions on 3Com products 24 hours a day 7 days a week Call 3ComFacts using your Touch Tone telephone 1 408 727 7021 Support from Your Network Supplier 147 Support from Your Network Supplier If additional assistance is required contact your network supplier Many suppliers are authorized 3Com service partners who are qualified to provide a variety of services including network planning installation hardware maintenance application training and support services When you contact your network supplier for assistance have the following information ready a Product model name part number and serial number a A list of system hardware and software including revision levels a Diagnostic error messages a Details about recent configuration changes if applicable If you are unable to contact your network supplier see the following section on how to contact 3Com Support from 3Com If you are unable to obtain assistance from the 3Com online technical resources or from your network supplier 3Com offers technical telephone support services To fi
150. single administrative entity and cooperate using the same Interior Gateway Protocol IGP The part of a network used as the primary path for transporting traffic between network segments 152 GLOSSARY backbone area backbone router BOOTP border router class A network class B network class C network designated router distance vector routing DHCP A special OSPF Area O often written as Area 0 0 0 0 since OSPF Area IDs are typically formatted as IP addresses The OSPF backbone always contains all area border routers The backbone is responsible for distributing routing information between non backbone areas A backbone router only has interfaces in the OSPF backbone area The BOOTP protocol allows you to automatically map an IP address to a given MAC address each time a device is started In addition the protocol can assign the subnet mask and default gateway to a device A border router has interfaces in more than one OSPF area in other words it is positioned between two or more OSPF areas An IP network in the range of 0 0 0 0 to 127 0 0 0 with a subnet mask of 255 0 0 0 An IP network in the range of 128 0 0 0 to 191 255 0 0 with a subnet mask of 255 255 0 0 An IP network in the range of 192 0 0 0 to 223 255 255 0 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 In OSPF each multiaccess network with at least two attached routers has a designated router The designated router has special duties in the running
151. software is commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense Software is delivered as Commercial Computer Software as defined in DFARS 252 227 7014 June 1995 or as a commercial item as defined in FAR 2 101 a and as such is provided with only such rights as are provided in 3Com s standard commercial license for the Software Technical data is provided with limited rights only as provided in DFAR 252 227 7015 Nov 1995 or FAR 52 227 14 June 1987 whichever is applicable You agree not to remove or deface any portion of any legend provided on any licensed program or documentation contained in or delivered to you in conjunction with this User Guide Unless otherwise indicated 3Com registered trademarks are registered in the United States and may or may not be registered in other countries 3Com the 3Com logo SmartAgent SuperStack and Transcend are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation PACE is a trademark of 3Com Corporation 3ComFacts is a service mark of 3Com Corporation Adobe Acrobat and the Acrobat logo are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated which may be registered in certain jurisdictions Netscape and Netscape Navigator are registered trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation Sun is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc Other brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Environmental Statement It is a 3Com policy to be environmentally frien
152. ss you can see the Configuration Application menu as described in Appendix B Main application image has become corrupted for example because a software upgrade was interrupted Obtain the main application software image from the 3Com Web site To reinstall the application image follow the procedure described in Downloading a Software Update in Appendix B After moving the Layer 3 Module from one switch to another you cannot contact the module on the configured Layer 3 Module VLAN 1 IP address Layer 3 Module must be reset to the factory default values when moved from switch to switch Follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B After saving a configuration on one Layer 3 Module and restoring the same configuration on a different Layer 3 Module using the system nvdata restore command you cannot contact the second module on the same VLAN 1 IP address Layer 3 Module that the configuration was restored on does not have the same VLAN 1 IP address as the module that the configuration was saved from The configuration may only be restored onto a Layer 3 Module with the same VLAN 1 IP address as the module it was restored from To solve this problem try one of the following workarounds a Telnet to a different VLAN address of the Layer 3 Module and remove the duplicate VLAN 1 IP address that was restored You may have to remove some static rou
153. t Specify the retransmit time for link state advertisements for virtual links dead Specify the dead interval continued Table 15 IP Context Commands continued Administering IP Interfaces 63 Command Options Sub options Syntax password Specify the password to be used to generate the OSPF authentication checksum on virtual link frames statistics Display general OSPF statistics rip display Display the current IP routing configuration mode Set the RIP Mode on an interface cost Set the RIP cost on an interface poisonReverse Enable disable RIP Poisoned Reverse mode on an interface addAdvertisement Define RIP advertisement addresses removeAdvertisement Remove RIP advertisement addresses statistics Display internal statistics about RIP engine ping Ping a host using default settings advancedPing Ping a host specifying the settings to use traceRoute Trace a route using default settings advancedTraceRoute statistics Trace a route specifying the settings to use Display IP UDP and ICMP statistics Administering IP Interfaces Interface Characteristics An IP interface defines the relationship between a Virtual Local Area Network VLAN and the subnets in the IP network Every IP interface has one VLAN associated with it You must first define a VLAN as described in your Switch management guide before you can define an associated IP interface Each IP interface has the following characteristics a IP Address Choose
154. t is Unreachable ora Host is not Responding message The number of seconds that the system waits before it sends out successive ICMP echo request packets You may want to set this option to a high value if network traffic is heavy and you choose not to add to the network traffic with pings in fast succession The number of bytes in each ICMP echo request packet The packet size includes both the IP and the ICMP headers Determines how much packet information the system displays after a ping When the quiet option is enabled the system displays summary information about the number of packets that the system sent and received any loss of packets and the average time that it took a packet to travel to and from the host When the quiet option is disabled the system displays more detailed status information about each ICMP echo request packet If the burst option is enabled it overrides the value that is set with the quiet option continued N OAU A W Table 32 Advanced Ping Options continued Option Description burst When this option is enabled the system sends out the ICMP echo request packets as rapidly as possible When this option is enabled it overrides the values set for the quiet option and for the wait option The Layer 3 Module displays a period on the screen each time that it receives an ICMP echo relay packet Use this display to determine how many packets are being dropped during the burst This
155. t tunnels administering 80 defining 81 displaying 80 removing 81 uses 80 IPv4 addresses types 77 contacting from VLANs 134 contacting IP address 131 downloading software using TTP 49 essential configuration 30 handling 28 hardware features 13 in switch stacks 24 installing 29 integrating with a network 26 moving between switches 133 naming 51 network scenarios 18 pre installation checks 28 rebooting 56 required version of switch software 13 resetting to factory defaults 55 143 routing table 67 running with configuration application 139 safety information 27 software features 13 troubleshooting status LED 131 VLAN indexes 57 Layer 3 switching background concepts 15 benefits 17 learn mode RIP 115 LEDs interpreting 130 summary 35 130 line speed OSPF interfaces 93 Link State Advertisements See LSAs link state database external network LSAs 101 network LSAs 99 router LSAs 97 summary network LSAs 100 LSAs 95 external 101 network 99 network summary 100 router 97 transmit delay 94 L Layer 3 module assigning IP addresses 31 changing VLAN 1 IP address 134 configuration application 139 to 143 configuration switch 29 M management configuring system access 39 IP interface 39 naming the system 51 SNMP community strings 45 system name 51 maximum hop count BOOTP 76 memory OSPF usage 105 MIBs 146 modes poisoned reverse 116 RIP 115 modifying DNS domain names 72 IP interfaces 65 name server IP addres
156. tateData databaseSummary 97 ospf linkStateData external 101 ospf linkStateData network 99 ospf linkStateData router 97 ospf linkStateData summary 100 ospf neighbors add 104 ospf neighbors display 102 ospf neighbors remove 104 ospf partition display 105 ospf partition modify 106 ospf routerID 105 ospf statistics 113 ospf stubDefaultMetric define 107 ospf stubDefaultMetric display 107 ospf stubDefaultMetric remove 107 ospf virtualLinks arealD 111 ospf virtualLinks dead 113 ospf virtualLinks define 110 ospf virtualLinks delay 111 r ir ta ospf virtualLinks detail 108 ospf virtualLinks hello 112 ospf virtualLinks remove 110 ospf virtualLinks retransmit 112 ospf virtualLinks router 111 ospf virtualLinks statistics 109 ospf virtualLinks summary 108 ping 119 rip addAdvertisement 116 rip cost 118 rip display 115 rip mode 115 rip poisonReverse 116 rip removeAdvertisement 117 rip statistics 117 route display 67 route flush 69 route remove 68 route static 68 traceRoute 124 udpHelper define 75 udpHelper display 74 udpHelper hopCountLimit 76 udpHelper remove 75 udpHelper threshold 76 IP multicast cache displaying 82 IP multicast interfaces administering 79 characteristics 79 disabling 80 displaying 79 DVMRP metric value 79 enabling 79 TTL threshold 79 IP multicast routes displaying 82 IP multicast routing administering 76 IP multicast routing table displaying routes 81 IP multicas
157. ter must be a remote address The destination router cannot be directly connected to the same subnetworks as the local IP address Enter tunnel DVMRP metric 1 15 1 Enter the DVMRP metric value of the tunnel Enter tunnel TTL threshold 1 255 1 Enter the Time To Live TTL threshold of the tunnel To remove multicast tunnels that you have added to the Layer 3 Module Enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast tunnel remove The following prompt is displayed Enter multicast tunnel index 1 Enter the index numbers of the interfaces associated with the tunnel that you want to remove The tunnel is removed 82 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Displaying Routes Displaying the Multicast Cache To display all available routes in the IP multicast routing table enter the following at the top level menu ip multicast routeDisplay The DVMRP status is displayed The following example shows a multicast route display DUMRP is enabled Multicast Routing Table 31 entries From Gateway Metric Tmr In If Out Ifs I1 12 T1 T2 I1 12 T1 T2 11 12 T1 T2 11 12 T1 T2 11 12 T1 T2 Origin Subnet 172 26 24 46 36 172 26 24 32 36 172 20 22 24 368 172 26 22 4 36 172 26 21 164 36 172 16 20 20 172 16 20 20 172 16 20 20 172 16 20 20 172 16 20 20 AEAN ooocooo Table 17 describes the fields in the cache configuration display Table 17 Cache Configuration Display Fields
158. ter the destination port number Enter the number of probes to send at each TTL level Enter the wait value in seconds Enter the packet size in bytes If you have more than one interface defined you can choose to change the source address Enter y to change the source or address or n to leave the source address set to the default If you are changing the source address do one of the following a Enter the index number for the ICMP source address that you want to use b Enter to display a list of the index numbers and then enter the number you want to use Enter the numeric mode disabled Or enabled You can press Enter at any time to interrupt the trace route Using traceRoute 127 The following example shows a successful advanced traceRoute command specifying a TTL value of 10 Select menu options ip advancedTraceRoute Enter host name IP address 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 2 Enter maximum Time to Live ttl 1 255 30 10 Enter Destination Port number 30000 65535 33434 Enter the number of probes to be sent at each ttl level 1 10 3 Enter time sec to wait for a response 1 10 3 Enter the packet siz bytes 28 4096 28 Configure TRACEROUTE sourceAddress n y yl Index Interface address 0 Best interfac default T 10 0 5 43 2 LOTO Teel Select interface index 0 2 0 Enter Numeric mode disabled enabled disabled Press Enter key to interrupt T
159. ter the index number of the area that contains the range to modify Enter IP address of range to modify Enter the IP address of the range to modify Enter IP address Enter the new IP address if you want to change it Press Enter if you do not want to change it Enter subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Enter the subnet mask Press Enter if you do not want to change it Advertise this area range yes no yes Specify whether to advertise the range on the network The default is yes To remove a previously defined range Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf areas removeRange The following prompt is displayed Select area 1 2 Enter the index number of the area containing the range you want to remove Enter IP address of range to delete Enter the IP address of the range you want to delete Setting the Default Route Metric The default route metric value indicates the cost for a default route If the cost is greater than O the router advertises itself as the default router to the area The default metric value is O which indicates no advertisement 88 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Displaying the Default Route Metric Defining the Default Route Metric Removing a Default Route Metric To display the current default route metric value enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf defaultRouteMetric display The default route metric is displayed Default route metric 1
160. tes a Follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B Then set the VLAN 1 IP addresses of the Switch and the Layer 3 Module to match the configuration and restore the configuration again continued 134 CHAPTER 9 PROBLEM SOLVING Table 36 Identifying Problems with the Layer 3 Module continued Problem Cause Solution After changing the VLAN 1 IP address of the Layer 3 Module you may still be able to contact the module on VLAN 1 on the old IP address or you may not be able to contact the module on VLAN 1 at all Under some circumstances the Layer 3 Module cannot remove the old VLAN 1 IP address For example the Layer 3 Module may not be able to remove the old VLAN 1 IP address if any of the following apply m OSPF is on VLAN 1 a There is a multicast tunnel terminating on VLAN 1 a There are static routes over VLAN 1 interfaces a There are static ARP entries on VLAN 1 Follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B and reconfigure the Layer 3 Module New VLAN 1 IP address is on the same IP network as an existing Layer 3 Module IP address Try one of the following Remove the duplicate IP interface m Follow the procedure in Resetting the Module to the Factory Default Values in Appendix B and reconfigure the Layer 3 Module You can ping or Telnet to the Layer 3 Modu
161. the fields in the link state database network display Table 24 Field Attributes for Link State Database Network Display Field Description LSID Interface address of designated router Router ID Originating router ID LS Seq Sequence number of the LSA used to detect older duplicate LSAs LS Age Time in seconds since LSA was originated continued 100 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Displaying Summary Network LSAs Table 24 Field Attributes for Link State Database Network Display Field Description Network Mask IP address mask for the network Attached Routers List of routers that are fully adjacent to the designated router DR The ID of the DR is also listed here This display summarizes all network LSAs in the link state database Summary LSAs describe inter area routes and enable the condensing of routing information at area borders Originating from area border routers Type 3 summary LSAs describe routes to networks while Type 4 summary LSAs describe routes to AS autonomous system boundary routers To display a network LSA summary Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf linkStateData summary The following prompt is displayed Enter Area ID 0 0 0 0 Enter the ID of the OSPF area Enter Area mask 0 0 0 0 Enter the area mask Enter LSID 0 0 0 0 Enter the LSID Enter LSID mask 0 0 0 0 Enter the LSID mask Table 25 describes the fields in the link state database n
162. the system When the session has timed out follow the installation procedure again After the software has been loaded successfully the following message appears Software upgrade completed The Layer 3 Module restarts running the new software after a few seconds delay 50 CHAPTER 6 SETTING SNMP AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS Enabling Timeout of Remote Sessions Setting Timeout Interval for Remote Sessions You can configure the Layer 3 Module to disconnect remote sessions after a specified time interval of inactivity The default Telnet timeout value is disabled To enable or disable the timeout interval Enter the following at the top level menu system consoleTimeout timeOut The following prompt is displayed Enter new value disabled enabled disabled Enable or disable the Telnet timeout state as required The default time interval is 30 minutes Follow the instructions in Setting Timeout Interval for Remote Sessions if you want to change the default timeout interval You can set the timeout interval for remote sessions to any value from 1 minute to 60 minutes The default timeout interval is 30 minutes To change the timeout interval Enter the following at the top level menu system consoleTimeout interval The following prompt is displayed Enter new value 1 60 30 Enter the Telnet timeout interval Setting Passwords The user interface supports three levels of access one for only
163. this address from the range of addresses assigned to your organization by the central agency This address is specific to your network a Subnet mask Subnet masks differentiate the network ID part of an IP address from the host ID part They assign the number one 1 to bits that correspond to the network ID and zeros to bits that correspond to the host ID A subnet mask is a 32 bit number expressed as four decimal numbers from 0 to 255 separated by periods for example 255 255 0 0 The first two octets represent the network ID and the final two represent the host part of the address 64 CHAPTER 8 SETTING IP PARAMETERS Displaying Interfaces Defining an IP Interface a Advertisement Address The Layer 3 Module uses this IP address when it advertises routes to other stations on the same subnet In particular the Layer 3 Module uses this address for sending RIP updates By default the Layer 3 Module uses a directed advertisement all number ones in the host field The default advertisement address that the Layer 3 Module provides is appropriate for most networks a Cost The Layer 3 Module uses this number between 1 and 15 to calculate route metrics Unless your network has special requirements assign a cost of 1 to all interfaces a State This status of the IP interface indicates whether the interface is available for communication Because the Layer 3 Module is an internal module the interface is always up rega
164. twork that a packet passes through to get from its origin to its destination The traceRoute feature uses the IP time to live TTL field in UDP probe packets to elicit an ICMP Time Exceeded message from each gateway to a particular host There are two traceRoute commands available m traceRoute Uses the host name or IP address to trace a route to a host using the default options m advancedTraceRoute Uses the host name or IP address to trace a route to a host using the advanced options that you specify You can enter the host name as part of the command string or you can supply the name in response to the prompt To track the route of an IP packet the traceRoute feature launches UDP probe packets with a small TTL value and then listens for an ICMP Time Exceeded reply from a gateway Probes start with a small TTL of one and increase the value by one until one of the following events occurs a The Layer 3 Module receives a Port Unreachable message indicating that the packet reached the host m The probe exceeds the maximum number of hops the default is 30 hops At each TTL setting the Layer 3 Module launches three UDP probe packets and the traceRoute display prints a line showing the TTL value the address of the gateway and the round trip time of each probe If a probe answers from different gateways the traceRoute feature prints the address of each responding system If no response occurs in the three
165. utonomous system boundary router ABR Router is an area border router PTP Connection is point to point to another router a Transit Connection is to a transit network one with more than one OSPF router on it a Stub Connection is to a stub network a Virtual link Connection is to a far end router that is the endpoint of a virtual link PTP Router ID for the neighboring router a Transit Address of designated router Stub IP network subnetwork number a Virtual link Router ID for the neighboring router continued Displaying Network LSAs Displaying the Link State Database 99 Table 23 Field Attributes for Link State Database Router Display continued Field Description Link Data PTP MIB Il index value for an unnumbered point to point interface a Transit IP interface address of designated router a Stub Network IP address mask a Virtual link IP interface address of neighboring router Metric Cost of the link This display shows the network LSAs in the link state database Network LSAs describe the set of routers attached to the network To display the network LSAs Enter the following at the top level menu ip ospf linkStateData network The following prompt is displayed Enter Area ID 0 0 0 0 Enter the ID of the OSPF area Enter Area mask 0 0 0 0 Enter the area mask Enter LSID 0 0 0 0 Enter the LSID Enter LSID mask 0 0 0 0 Enter the LSID mask Table 24 describes
166. ve access to the network When you define a virtual link you specify the Transit Area ID and the Target Router ID The module also allocates default values for the following characteristics associated with a virtual link Table 28 lists these characteristics and their default values Table 28 Virtual Link Characteristics Characteristic Default Value arealD delay timer 1 second hello timer 10 seconds Rxmit Intvl 50 seconds dead interval 40 seconds password no password You can change the default values of these characteristics with the commands in this section To display information about the virtual links associated with the interface you specify Enter one of the following commands at the top level menu m ip ospf virtualLinks summary m ip ospf virtualLinks detail The following prompt is displayed Select virtual link 1 32 1 Select the virtual link The following example shows a summary display IP routing is disabled ICMP router discovery is disabled OSPF router id is OSPF virtual link summary information Indx Transit Target Xmit Hello Rxmit Dead Area Router Delay Intui Intul Intui Password 1 6 6 6 5 192 168 168 168 1 18 56 46 os Enter lt CR gt to continue Displaying Virtual Link Statistics The following example shows a detailed display IP routing is disabled ICMP router discovery is disabled OSPF router id is 0 OSPF virtual link summary information Indx Transit Target X
167. ver IP address 73 OSPF area ranges 87 OSPF areas 85 OSPF memory partition 106 virtual link area IDs 111 virtual link dead interval 113 virtual link target routers 111 virtual link transmit delay 111 characteristics IP interfaces 63 IP multicast interfaces 79 OSPF area 85 routing table entries 66 checking IP address resolution 74 commands bridge vlan summary 57 ip advancedPing 121 ip advancedTraceRoute 126 ip arp age 71 ip arp display 70 ip arp flush 71 ip arp remove 71 ip arp static 70 ip dns define 72 ip dns display 72 ip dns domainName 72 ip dns modify 73 ip dns nslookup 74 ip dns remove 73 ip icmpRouterDiscovery 84 ip interface define 65 ip interface modify 65 ip interface remove 65 ip interface summary 64 ip multicast cacheDisplay 82 ip multicast dvmrp 78 ip multicast igmp 78 ip multicast interface disable 80 ip multicast interface display 79 ip multicast interface enable 79 ip multicast routeDisplay 82 ip multicast tunnel define 81 ip multicast tunnel display 80 ip multicast tunnel remove 81 ip ospf areas addRange 86 ip ospf areas defineArea 85 ip ospf areas display 84 ip ospf areas modifyArea 85 ip ospf areas modifyRange 87 ip ospf areas removeArea 86 ip ospf areas removeRange 87 ip ospf defaultRouteMetric 88 ip ospf defaultRouteMetric define 88 ip ospf defaultRouteMetric display 88 ip ospf interface arealD 93 ip ospf interface dead 95 ip ospf interface delay 94
168. vices usually hosts listen for RIP messages and update their routing tables they do not send RIP messages i gt Only RIP version 1 0 is supported Displaying RIP Interface Information Setting the RIP Mode An active router sends a RIP message every 30 seconds This message contains both the IP address and a metric the distance to the destination from that router for each destination In RIP each router that a packet must travel through to reach a destination equals one hop To display information about RIP interfaces on the module enter the following at the top level menu ip rip display The following example shows a RIP interface display IP routing is enabled ICMP router discovery is disabled RIP interface information Index Mode Cost PoisonReverse AdvertisementAddress 1 learn 1 enab led 186 255 255 255 2 learn 1 enab led 111 255 255 255 You can select one of the following RIP modes on an interface a Disabled The module ignores all incoming RIP packets and does not generate any RIP packets of its own a Enabled The module processes all incoming RIP packets responds to explicit requests for routing information and broadcasts periodic and triggered RIP updates a Learn The module processes all incoming RIP packets and responds to explicit request for routing information but it does not broadcast periodic or triggered RIP updates a Advertise The module processes all incoming RIP packet
169. want to disregard this and continue the restore n y yl If the saved system ID is the same as the current system ID the system prompts you with a message that is similar to this one CAUTION Restoring nonvolatile data may leave the system in an inconsistent state and therefore a reboot is necessary after each restore Do you wish to continue y n Enter y yes or n no as required If you enter y the module s nonvolatile data is restored as proposed If you enter n the restoration fails and the previous menu appears on the screen The module automatically reboots after restoring nonvolatile data Initializing Data to Factory Defaults AN At times you may not want to restore the module s nonvolatile data Instead you may want to reset the values to the factory defaults see Factory Default Values on page 32 so that you can start configuring the module from the original settings CAUTION Resetting the nonvolatile data means that all nonvolatile memory is set back to the factory defaults Before proceeding be sure that you want to reset your nonvolatile data Consider saving the nonvolatile data to a file first To set the module to the factory defaults Enter the following at the top level menu system initialize The following prompt is displayed Resetting nonvolatile data may leave the system in an inconsistent state and therefore a reboot is necessary after each reset If you conti
170. work This section outlines the steps you need to take to integrate your Layer 3 Module into a network containing hosts Layer 2 switches and other routers Hosts include any PCs and servers on your network Follow the steps in the order indicated Decide how to divide your hosts into IP subnets Allocate a VLAN identifier the 802 1Q VLAN identifier to each of these IP subnets Create these VLANs on each of your Layer 2 switches Select the IP addresses from your IP subnet allocation to use on the VLAN interfaces on the Layer 3 Module To make it easier to remember which IP address belongs to the Layer 3 Module reserve the 1 host address in each subnet for the router For example in the network 192 168 168 0 the IP address 192 168 168 1 is the router address and becomes the address assigned to the corresponding Layer 3 Module INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE LAYER 3 MODULE This chapter describes how to install the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module into your Switch It contains the following sections a Safety Information a Device Support a Pre installation Procedure a Physical Installation a Essential Configuration a Factory Default Values a Post installation Checks Safety Information A A Read the following information before installing the Layer 3 Module WARNING Installation and removal of the module must be carried out by qualified personnel only Before installing the module into a unit you
171. written as four octets separated with full stops periods and is made up of a network part identifying what network the device resides on and a host part identifying individual devices on a given network IPv4 RFC 791 is a Layer 3 connectionless datagram delivery service Information about the organization of IPv4 networks and how to pass datagrams within those networks is controlled by the routing protocol IPv4 defines two distinct communications methods for end stations a Unicast A point to point method for communicating between two end stations a Multicast A point to multipoint method for communication from one end station to one or more end stations The datalink or MAC layer in the OSI 7 layer model Layer 3 Layer 3 switch link state routing link state advertisement MAC address multicast multicast routing multicast tunnel neighbor nonvolatile data OSI 7 layer model GLOSSARY 155 The network layer in the OSI 7 layer model This layer controls communication links and data routing across one or more links It receives data that has been framed by the Data Link layer below it converts this data into packets and passes the result to the Transport layer that directs the packets to their destination A high performance router that operates at Layer 3 of the OSI 7 layer model In link state routing each device maintains a part of a replicated distributed database of routing information Each
172. y 45 snmp trap addModify 46 snmp trap display 46 snmp trap flush 47 snmp trap remove 47 system consoleTimeout timeOut 50 system display 48 system initialize 55 system name 51 system nvData restore 54 system nvData save 53 system password 51 system reset 56 143 system softwareUpgrade 49 community strings setting 45 values 45 configuration application 139 to 143 accessing 29 139 downloading software 140 menu display 140 overview 139 configuration button See configuration switch configuration switch 29 configuring essential configuration 30 IP interfaces 64 telnet timeout 50 trap reporting destinations 46 conventions notice icons 8 text 8 cost IP interface characteristics 64 setting for RIP 118 count ping command 120 D dead interval OSPF interfaces 95 virtual links 113 default gateways 17 32 default passwords 33 default route metric displaying 88 OSPF 87 removing 88 default routers 32 default routes 17 66 learning 69 removing 69 setting 69 default values IP configuration 34 ping 119 resetting for NV data 55 143 route metric 87 SNMP 32 system 33 system console timeout 50 traceRoute 125 defining default route metric 88 IP interfaces 64 multicast tunnels 81 name server IP address 72 OSPF areas 85 static ARP cache entries 70 Static routes 68 stub default metric 107 UDP helper forwarding addresses 75 UDP helper port numbers 75 virtual links 110 deleting AR
173. y adjacent multicast routers Both dynamic and static routes are explained in detail in Dynamic and Static Routes on page 16 UDP Helper permits the routing of UDP broadcast frames between VLANs when these broadcasts are not normally routed between VLANs With UDP Helper protocols such as the Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP are available so that you can boot hosts through this router gt SWITCHING CONCEPTS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES This chapter contains basic switching concepts for users that are new to Layer 3 switching It also sets out some network configuration examples for the SuperStack II Switch Layer 3 Module showing where it can be placed in the network for maximum benefit This chapter contains the following sections a Layer 3 Switching Concepts a Benefits of Layer 3 Switches a Network Configuration Examples a Integrating the Layer 3 Module into the Network Throughout this section the term Layer 3 switch applies to all routers Layer 3 Switching Concepts What is a Layer 3 Switch Layer 3 Switching and the OSI Reference Model This section introduces basic Layer 3 switching concepts for new users A Layer 3 switch routes data at high speed between VLANS Layer 3 switches share information with each other allowing them to determine the best route through a network that links many LANs In this way they build up a logical picture of th

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