Type Dynamics Indicator - TDI User's Guide Version
Contents
1. Composition of the standardisation SANG sss 68 010101 Descriptive 13 000 Association between Is and Want TDI responses 83 E E E PINS Appendici CHAQUE of MEW nd deep 83 Appendix Normativ AA nds 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 121 2 2 2 2 fnsene nent frs sua 89 Appendix 3 TD LRO A dde de 97 98 0011 4 000202 0 PINE IDD EAN nr 99 5 Appendix 5 Paull Sellers Case TDI is a registered trademark of Team Focus Limited MBTI is a registered trademark of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator Trust 20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 24 V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 5 e Foreword by Roy Childs My introduction to Jung was as a Psychology student where he was mentioned in an aside during a single lecture over the whole period of study It is fair to say that Jung had not really impacted mainstream academic psychology in the 1970 s My first serious attempt to understand Carl Jung s work was when began to use MBTI back in 1985 read much of the MBTI literature and in fact became one of the first trainers recognised by the British Psychological Society to train people in its use in the UK However became more and more aware that there was something missing therefore took a leaf out of my own book2. Q PFS teamiocys Type Dynamics Indicator 101 User s Guide Version v1 3 Roy Childs and Angus M Donald Team Focus Limited 2 Team Focus Limited T 44 0 1628 637338 Heritage House 13 Bridge Street E teamfocus teamfocus co uk teamfocus Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8LR W www teamfocus co uk PROFILING FOR SUCCESS 2008 2013 Profiling for Success www profilingforsuccess com No part of this material may be reproduced stored or transmitted in any form or by means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publishers This material may not be photocopied even within the terms of the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd The Profiling for Success series is published by Team Focus Limited Heritage House 13 Bridge Street Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8LR England tel 44 0 1628 637338 V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 5 Type Dynamics Indicator TDI incorporating the Learning Styles Indicator LSI Contents resres rione skrei Nesko S rro A NOO Noin PE SKETE ESER Cas NESTES CATES R ESTEET NSS 5 9 0000 11 Section One Description background and rationale What is the 72129 a broad dette denied nie 11 Who should use the TDI and LSI sscsssssssscssssesccsssseccsssssesssssssesesssseccessssccessssesesssssccesssseccessnecessnse
3. This core concept has been by passed by all the main personality questionnaires which aim to measure some kind of central or modal personality For Jung this missed the essence which involves the dynamic interplay of many parts which over our lifespan can become integrated This process of integration which he called individuation is the primary purpose of development As we move towards integration we develop our capabilities become more effective and satisfied another term for it is that we become more self actualised a term coined by Kurt Goldstein in his famous book The Organism 1934 and developed by both Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow It can be seen as a process of maturing and Jung s approach which pre dates all of these gives it greater depth and takes us into other realms including emotional intelligence The TDI makes it easier to enter the Jungian spirit of recognising a person s uniqueness and helping them to manage the many sided self by acknowledging that people can answer a questionnaire from more than one perspective This simple change in orientation has a remarkable effect on the way in which the results are viewed and on the conversations that ensue It manages to do greater justice to the complexity of the theory and the genuine complexity of real people whilst keeping it simple to use It does this by V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 242 Eliciting two different but importa
4. been enormously successful in creating a different starting point for the exploration of Psychological Type one which acknowledges differences within the individual and hence opens the door to exploration This is fundamentally different from the process of confirmation that has become almost inevitable with other Type Indicators often in spite of careful facilitation This manual describes the development of the Type Dynamics Indicator its rationale and links to Jung and its psychometric foundation Used in combination with The Essential Guide Series it provides a resource for using the TDI to help people in their work their relationships and their lives V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 240 Section One Description background and rationale What is the TDI a broad description The TDI Type Dynamics Indicator is a comprehensive approach to measuring Psychological Type published by Team Focus Limited Based on Carl Jung s theory of the human psyche it has enormous potential for facilitating change and growth in people as individuals in their personal relationships and in their work teams Carl Jung was one of the first psychologists to formulate a comprehensive theory of how and why people change and develop and unlike many others he addressed how this happens on a continuing basis This means that his approach has enormous application when addressing issues and difficulties at any point in a per
5. phrases and word pairs 6 point scale answered the way it is and the way want takes 15 25 minutes Results Scores on 4 scales producing sixteen Types Reports 4 page graphic of scores 6 page narrative feedback 8 page career explorer 13 page Type at Work report Description produces sixteen Types based on identifying preferences for the 4 dichotomies of Extraversion Introversion Sensing iNtuition Thinking Feeling Judging Perceiving Each Type can be examined through different lenses Learning Styles Life Functions Temperaments and Team Roles as detailed in The Essential Guide Series Psychological Type Benefits quick and easy to use positive reaction from test takers uses a recognised model which is reliably measured available with high quality training resources available to draw out the many implications for teams and individuals When to use exploring self awareness considering career options developing team or personal relationships building leadership capability Support Material The Essential Guide Series Psychological Type and The Essential Guide Series Psychological Type at Work also can be used with the many publications on the market which are based on Psychological Type V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 15 The Type Dynamics Indicator Function Sorter TDI fs Questionnaire This questionnaire is in development It is being desig
6. which was to go back to source Whenever have tried to learn things based on the great thinkers in my discipline have eventually gone back to find out what they said themselves have had the good fortune to get to know some of the great thinkers in the area of Personality Questionnaires such as Ray Cattell pioneer in bringing rigour to the measurement of personality and author of the 16PF who asked my company Team Focus to act as his UK hosts for a series of seminars in the UK during 1990 2 During these 3 rich years got to know him and his thinking in a way that the books simply don t tell it Similarly met Will Schutz author of FIRO in 1990 and our developing relationship led him to invite Team Focus to become the UK distributors for his latest and best FIRO questionnaires in 1996 Unfortunately did not meet Carl Jung he passed away when was ten years old That has not prevented me from studying his writings and being inspired by his ideas and insights It is unfortunate that many psychologists ignore or criticise him without having taken the time to understand although accept that his writings can be very difficult to follow at times However my own reading has shown me that he adds a much neglected ingredient to psychology Those who have studied the history of psychology will recognise its need and desire to be accepted as a science This led to a great emphasis on experimentation description and expla
7. would be blind to it This is a clear illustration of how every approach to understanding the world makes key assumptions that will spawn its own important but necessarily narrow range of questions and hence only provide partial answers Jung attempted to be far more holistic and eclectic in his approach to understanding the human condition believe he laid a foundation for the humanists who came after him believe he provided a framework in which to understand books like Man s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl in which he describes his heart searching experience of surviving the concentration camps Such books demonstrate the incredible power of the human spirit and how it appears to rise above an individual s history and current circumstances Frankl s book made me incredibly aware of how we are not just pushed and pulled by our history and current circumstance but how we are guided and motivated by our future Such ideas go far beyond the scope of this manual and the development of the TDI However Carl Jung was probably the first psychologist to try to understand the human condition in such a clearly holistic and integrated way His focus on where we are going rather than on where we have been find Jung s concept of Individuation to be much richer for understanding how people change and grow than say Maslow s hierarchy of needs In fact Maslow himself was influenced by Frankl and towards the end of his life felt that his ow
8. Is Want a 32 item questionnaire phrases and word pairs 6 point scale answered the way it is and the way want takes 7 15 minutes Results Scores on 2 scales producing four Types Reports graphic scores report and narrative feedback report Description a sub set of the TDI it produces four Types that have characteristically different learning and influencing styles Benefits quick and easy to use on paper or online no training required can be used as a stepping stone to Psychological Type but without the complexity results are easy to recognise remember and use for a variety of purposes When to use when time is short as a stand alone exploration of individual differences as an initial introduction to the TDI model before a more extensive intervention as part of a progressive programme to increase self awareness and improving team relationships when the focus is on how we learn Support Material The Essential Guide Series Psychological Type and The Essential Guide Series Learning Styles using Psychological Type V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 14 The Type Dynamics Indicator TDI Questionnaire Word version Is a 64 item questionnaire phrases and word pairs 6 point scale takes 10 20 minutes Pictorial version Is a 48 item questionnaire pictures and words 6 point scale takes 8 12 minutes Word version Is Want a 64 item questionnaire
9. V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success This serves to heighten awareness which is not only the key to personal and relational development but also fundamental to much modern thinking about leadership development The TDI therefore provides a more natural starting point for a divergent process i e a journey rather than a destination However since not everyone is ready for the journey the TDI has maintained the simplicity found in other instruments and provides ways to move into the divergent process progressively By using the LSI a sub set of the TDI users can not only address Learning Styles directly but also introduce a model which is simpler 4 Types from which the greater complexity and detail of the 16 Types can be extended This avoids the need to introduce one model on Learning Styles and then a different model on Psychological Type the two complement and build on each other Broad conceptual background to the TDI and its Jungian roots Imagine someone who goes to work every day and cheats either by stealing from his employer not putting in a full day s work or convincing clients to buy goods that do not deliver all the claims made for them This same man may also find himself unable to lie to his wife or go out for dinner without wearing a shirt and tie He is clearly bound by certain rules of convention and moral principles which can appear inconsistent or even contradictory However investigation of m
10. any people s lives will reveal many such contradictions The reality is that this is an integral part of our individualism our psyche and our personality The question of how we manage to balance these different rules our multiple feelings and our varied range of behaviours may seem too complex Most personality questionnaires have bucked the issue Instead they ask people to identify the most natural or the behaviour which is most common or the average of situations This is predicated on a concept of an average modal or core personality which is easier to fit to a traditional psychometric model However for Jung this was unacceptable as demonstrated in his comments on the MBTI His purpose was not to understand personality by simplifying it to that which is easy to measure Rather he wanted to gain greater understanding of a complex and sometimes turbulent psyche by capturing some core themes which provide a freeze frame to be examined before reconnecting his ideas to a reality which is that people are dynamic and complex V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 4B lt Clearly a skilled facilitator counsellor or therapist can make this happen using any Starting point However the TDI has been developed to help both the skilled and the less skilled by providing a different starting point It steers the less skilled towards a more real and exploratory process and acts as an accelerator for the more h
11. cees 16 Why create the TDI and LSI reasons for development 17 Broad conceptual background to the TDI and its Jungian roots 18 Section Two Design and development of the TDI ccssssssssssssescsssssescsssssessssssesssssssescssssseceessseess 21 55 8 1 5 Section Three Administration and 35 0000 Selecting the appropriate version of the TDI isnrunsu tdi Sisse E kaasas 38 0010 Overview of ARISTON ti eines tds 39 cca 242 018 867561531 80131151517813 41 00 Remote A flexible template for administering the TDI ssscssssssscssssssecsssnssecsssnsecssssssecssssssecsesneeessesnseess 42 Requirements of the PfS online assessment system 47 uit 48 Scoring paper based materials scsi 55 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 Section Four Interpretation and review 55 Description of the 4 pairs of opposites and the 16 Types 55 00010100010 VST 61 Conducting a review SSS 65 0 00010 0 Section FIVE Technical information 65
12. concept of a dynamic interplay of energies and away from a classificatory tool it will have achieved its purpose V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 2 20 We hope you have enjoyed exploring this free introductory version of the Type Dynamics Indicator User s Guide We would be delighted to get your feedback and to discuss your thoughts and reactions In addition we hope that you have got a flavour of what the Type Dynamics Indicator TDI is all about We realise that not all the features that make this approach innovative and practical have been explained but you will get some idea by referring to the Table of Contents If you are interested in the complete version normally provided to our affiliated partners and clients as part of our training courses or in discussing your interest further we welcome you to get in touch by filling in the Contact Form V20130514 2008 2013 Profiling for Success
13. esearch is perfectly legitimate but it certainly does not coincide with the purpose of my book Psychological Types which to my humble conviction aims at something far more vital than classification V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 9 Jung never met Isabelle However this exchange provides our challenge for the TDI We have taken the complexity of Jung s typology simplified it into a useable form and then provided a stepping stone for reconnecting with the vitality that Jung refers to The result is a more exploratory use of the concept of Type We have achieved this by challenging the fundamental premise underlying nearly all currently available psychometric questionnaires the premise that giving one answer to a series of question identifies a core or modal personality This premise is embedded in the very instructions given for completing the questionnaires People are required to choose a single response one which reflects their most natural representative or simply their average self Most instructions also suggest that the person responds quickly giving the first answer that comes to them Both these assumptions are challenged in the TDI Building on Jung s theory whereby there is a dynamic interplay between many aspects of our selves different preferences many sub personalities etc the TDI invites people to express two different aspects of themselves The result has
14. ientations led him to investigate free association more scientifically and he began to record the time between a stimulus word and a response This led him to discover patterns in the words where individuals were significantly slower in making their associations Sometimes the patterns identified inner conflicts that absorbed large amounts of energy and influenced behaviour in ways that the individual was unaware and he called these patterns complexes Whilst this has pathological undertones we can still see the same process at work in many areas of normal functioning V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 19 Thus Jung s concept of the psyche is of a dynamic moving often paradoxical range of energies that form a self regulating system no surprise therefore that psychometricians have steered away from this approach It is also a paradox that Jung is best known for his work on Psychological Type a model that can seem to be the antithesis of such a dynamic model However Jung was well aware of this and wrote that his intention when creating Psychological Type was not classification but was to create a language for describing the functional interplay of elements and energies within the psyche He repeatedly says how classification does not interest him As previously stated the TDI has been developed to provide a simple yet useful stepping stone into these powerful ideas If it can lead people more naturally towards this
15. ighly skilled This is achieved by building on a key element of Jung s ideas which is his concept of sub personalities Through his work as a psychotherapist Jung came to recognise that people have many different energies that co exist and are expressed through a continuing dynamic balancing act and this is not just in therapeutic cases For example a teenage daughter can be seen balancing very different energies when she is being moody and morose at the dinner table but as soon as the phone rings she switches to become cheerful and interactive There are countless such examples from everyday life which illustrate how people s different energies co exist Some psychologists prefer to view these as moods but Jung s concept of sub personalities provides an alternative and possibly more useful approach to understanding and using this energy positively This approach recasts personality as the manner and process by which we manage the mix of very different elements within us including some which are unconscious It is perhaps time to acknowledge that the conception of personality as being composed of one main or central element is an assumption that has dominated its measurement because it fits the models that psychometricians use This does not make it right and the model of the psyche suggested by Jung which he proposed after pushing the boundaries of a technique called free association is at least as plausible Jung s scientific or
16. n hierarchy of needs was too deterministic and that self actualisation was not the highest need V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 262 In the end he concluded that self transcendence was the human soul s highest need which transforms all the others This strikes chords with Jung s separation of the self from the ego Jung s focus was on change throughout the lifespan and provides a framework for helping people make sense of what is happening at the multiple stages of life In fact Jung believed that the second half of life is as important if not more important than the first This begins to address the issues and reality of growing up of ageing of wisdom and maturity which are fundamental ideas that resonate deeply with people especially because they are so poorly addressed in mainstream psychology If the TDI provides useful stepping stones to help people explore these and other ideas it will have served its purpose V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success ay A V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success Bee Introduction All people are different Every person has a unique signature that defines him or her Each person combines a vast array of styles behaviours feelings values etc This self evident fact was well understood by the great psychologist and philosopher Carl Jung who showed enormous respect for the uniqueness of the individual And yet this same man proposed a theory
17. nation which are all very worthy and useful However it has tended to focus on looking backwards on finding antecedents and on seeking physiological causes Thus Freud became obsessed with what happened in the first five years of an infant s life Skinner tried to explain everything in terms of a history of punishment and reward V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 5 Such approaches discover only partial truths and it was inevitable that there would be a reaction to these approaches One of the most significant became known as the humanist movement which attempted to re establish the value of personal experience and which rejected an increasingly mechanistic view of human beings My purpose is not to denigrate the scientific approach in fact Jung saw himself very much as a scientist but he also saw himself as much more He said that science provides a fantastic window on life and has tremendous power to explain but that it cannot explain everything As he says in his book entitled Synchronicity science is just another way to understand the world it contains its own biases and assumptions He poignantly asks the question as to whether there is anything in the world which is a unique event If we assume for a moment that there is then how would science deal with it The answer is that science would demand replication a core element of scientific method Since the event was unique it cannot be replicated and so science
18. ned to identify directly the dominant auxiliary tertiary and inferior functions The approach commonly used to do this is based on a logical algorithm which in the TDI author s experience often identifies the wrong dominant Not only can the rationale used be disputed but also there is a dearth of empirical evidence for its validity and yet it is often presented as fact The TDI Is will provide a more rigorous method for working with this aspect of Jung s theory Who should use the TDI and LSI Since the TDI is a series of questionnaires different users can choose the version which fits their purpose The broad categories are as follows Individuals who wish to obtain some feedback concerning their style can complete the LSI and the TDI Is versions and obtain comprehensive reports These versions of the TDI are available to buy online only for self solicited purposes and not at the request of a third party No training is required to complete and receive the report Facilitators who wish to introduce the concept of Learning Styles can use the LSI Is version People who use other Learning Styles questionnaires may benefit from using the LSI if they want to introduce Team Roles and Psychological Type at a later date This version of the LSI is available to facilitators without training but a one day familiarisation day is recommended Facilitators and Coaches who wish to introduce the concept of Psychological T
19. nt aspects of the self uniquely the TDI recognises that people can answer the questionnaire with different mind sets Unlike other questionnaires which regard this as a problem the TDI recognises these as perfectly legitimate expressions of ourselves in fact it represents the greater reality of how we both experience ourselves and act in the real world It therefore rejects the concept of a modal self which leads to the search for a best fit Type and which can lead to certain rigidities and has replaced it with the concept of a dynamic self a self that is made up of many parts which are managed and integrated more or less effectively Providing progressive Stepping Stones into Psychological Type the 05 is a series of simple to use questionnaires designed to address different aspects of the theory Integrating with other models of behaviour and personality the TDI can be used to explore Learning Styles Psychological Type and Team Roles all based on Jungian ideas and as part of a progressive build up and exploration V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success The questionnaires available are The Learning Styles Indicator LSI a sub set of the TDI Questionnaire Word version Is a 32 item questionnaire phrases and word pairs 6 point scale takes 6 12 minutes Pictorial version Is a 24 item questionnaire pictures and words 6 point scale takes 5 10 minutes Word version
20. of Psychological Type On the face of it this appears to be a contradiction the antithesis of uniqueness Surely a Type suggests classification and categorisation Surely this suggests grouping people by similarity Surely this leads to the danger of regarding all people classified as a Type as the same This manual has its roots in Carl Jung s contribution to understanding human beings and his profound respect for the uniqueness of individuals It is borne out of a desire to make his ideas more easily accessible to many people However it is also borne out of a realisation that easily accessible often means simplification The result can be a loss of the essence The development of the Type Dynamics Indicator TDI is offered as a way of combining these almost conflicting elements Most questionnaires designed to identify Psychological Type certainly simplify Jung s typology Part of how they do this is by working on the premise of a single underlying true Type Unfortunately this too often leads to over simplistic beliefs and practices that can misrepresent Type theory It seems to encourage people to use the model in order to converge on a classification Jung recognised this danger and his view is illustrated in his reply to an invitation by Isabelle Briggs Myers author of the MBTI or Myers Briggs Type Indicator to meet and discuss her work He replied admit that your statistical line of r
21. se the greater richness and depth of Jung s approach At their simplest Type Indicators have become convergent they can be letter generators simply producing a descriptive report based on reported preferences and the goal is to identify true Type or best fit Type This means that the process is seen to have a goal where the destination is the right letter which all too often can become an excuse for limiting people and introducing a rigidity of belief about Type and change and flexibility Whilst it is not a necessary consequence of using Type Indicators it happens too often and does not fit with the dynamic natures of Type as conceived by Jung The TDI has been designed to provide a better starting point for helping people to understand and access the different sides of their personality which then provides a better framework for introducing behavioural flexibility and adaptation to circumstances By allowing people to express more than a simple modal i e an average or typical or natural preference the TDI can identify sub components of a person s identity The result is that most people identify preferences for more than one Type This begins the process with a question rather than an answer and naturally leads to a more divergent process of exploring a person s different sides Using the TDI is more likely to identify uncertainties and tensions within the person rather than glossing over them
22. son s life from the cradle to the grave The concept of Type is often mistakenly viewed as a static way to identify classify and box people Paradoxically its real power is in helping people to change and grow The development and use of Type Indicators is partly to blame for this misconception about typology since the goal is often presented as getting to true Type Many people who have been introduced to Type become stuck with this concept and report their letters as some kind of fixed position and even as an excuse This is an unfortunate consequence of otherwise good intentions The TDI was therefore developed to move the use of Jung s typology into the arena to which it is best suited to facilitate insight growth and change This requires acknowledging the complexity of people s lives and the flexibility we need to achieve in order to be better adapted to an increasingly fast paced and changing world This requires shaking off the rigidity of my Type and what is often associated with it that it is innate and unchanging which is a fundamental misunderstanding of Jung V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success In order to achieve this the TDI needed to combine the benefits of identifying a person s Type through their expressed preferences with the Jungian concept of sub personalities the view that our personality is made up of the way we manage the many different parts of ourselves
23. ype can use the TDI both Is and Is Want versions Training is required for those wishing to use these questionnaires and this training can form part of an internationally recognised qualification in Psychological Type with certification issued by the British Psychological Society V20130307 2008 2013 Profiling for Success 16 Why create the TDI and LSI reasons for development This manual describes how the Type Dynamics Indicator came into being It is the culmination of many years working in the field of personal team and relationships development Many influences have contributed to its development but the most significant is the work of Carl Jung The second most important influence is Isabelle Briggs Myers Through her development of the MBTI she has managed to bring many people into contact with some of Jung s ideas in a very positive way However Jung Myers and most others in the field of human development recognise that people s strengths can also become their weaknesses Ironically this has happened with the use of the MBTI which having simplified Jung s ideas making it easy to introduce and absorb its strength has resulted in widespread use which often over simplifies and sometimes leads to a superficial and rigid application of Jung s ideas its weakness The challenge was to develop an approach which would not lose the benefits of simplification but which would nevertheless make it easier for people to u
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