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FOLDER 4.0 user manual

1. 1 rf Poa Te Page 6 14 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The following figures show a starfold with 10 points before and after folding Once the star fold has been created you will be placed in the normal airbag folder You can then position the bag check for distorted elements etc Once the star fold has been meshed created you cannot change the number of points or other parameters This 1s because the mesh is dependant on these parameters If the airbag is not what you expected or required then the process needs to be repeated Page 6 15 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 2 Mesh independent folding Mesh independent folding allows you to create folds on the airbag at any position regardless of the mesh on the airbag It does this by remeshing the airbag after each fold to create a suitable mesh For this to work the airbag or fold set has to be set up in a specific way Currently there are 2 methods for doing this creating a circular Airbag shapefOrigami TA importing mesh from VW J an existing model 1 Create a flat circular bag from scratch 4 airbag mesh 2 Import a mesh Alternatively if an airbag has already been defined by one of these methods you can select the existing airbag Creating a circular airbag This option is only available if you have not read an airbag into FOLDER If you have read a model then the option will be greyed ou
2. CLP NEDO B a cI J Ht Ap v aa as a AN Page 6 24 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The mesh is split and remeshed The example on the right shows the result of a thin fold The top and bottom surfaces of the airbag are split into new parts as required as shown by the different colours and then remeshed Fixed points are automatically added to the airbag as required To undo a split DELETE the fold The parts will be recombined and remeshed as long as there are fixed points to enable folder to remesh Page 6 25 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 At any time the element size in the options size can be changed and the airbag remeshed using the REMESH button For example the airbag above has a tramline size of 5mm and an element size of 10mm Changing the element size to 5mm and remeshing gives the mesh on the right Note that as the thin fold was made with a tramline size of 5mm the airbag should not be meshed with elements smaller than 5mm as this could lead to more than one element across the tramline parts This will cause problems with the thin fold E E i E a al a E K i i a EA i a A Ei Ei a a Ee i El h a a E A Ps i a a E El A A a D a a A a d T PW Wal PP PP tA Page 6 26 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 1 3 Folding an existing mesh The following sections deal with folding an existing m
3. If the mouse initial position is inside the central circle Outside central area cursor symboal is Z radius screen height 3 implying rotation about screen Z axis then rotation is about screen XY axes Suna If the initial position is a outside this circle then F rotation will be about screen 7 l Central are awhe re 5 I A 1 3 screen height You can tell which mode you are in by the cursor symbol Cursor symbol is xY This red and Implying rotation about XY rotation uses XY 4 screen X A Y apes Z rotation uses Z The relationship between mouse and image motion is intuitive in both modes It is as if you had grabbed a point on the object near you this side of the object centre plane and used this to move the image about its centre XY mode Moving the mouse left right rotates about the screen Y axis Moving the mouse up down rotates about the screen X axis Zmode Moving the mouse in a circular direction rotates about the screen Z axis Rotation remains locked in its initial XY or Z mode for the duration of a dynamic viewing operation regardless of where you subsequently move the cursor to until you release a mouse or keyboard button Page 8 10 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 8 4 2 Dynamic Translation Dynamic translation uses lt mid mouse gt lt left shift gt amp or lt left control gt The distinction between the keyboard meta keys is explained in section
4. Translation ORIENT TYPE Translate along global axis ng global Y axis ig global Z maz hg weckor X gt cy ZF ED eS ere along vector fram W41 He Distanoe magnitude of wactor 1 000 _ urer defined a au Z Translation along a vector lt X gt lt Y gt lt Z gt Translate along global axis along global Y axis along global Z axis 2 oe g along weotor lt gt lt gt lt 2 along weetor from N4 gt N2 Distanca l magnitude of vector 0 0 _ user defined H1 Nz none X Y Translation along a vector from N1 gt N2 There are 5 different translation options The first 3 are translating along the global X Y or Z axis For these options the translation distance must be given by typing the value in the text box The fourth option allows you to give a vector to translate along by typing in the X Y and Z components of the vector left hand figure The distance that the airbag is translated along this vector can either be a user defined distance or the magnitude of the vector The fifth option translates the airbag along a vector defined from N1 to N2 right hand figure The 2 nodes can be typed in or picked using the popup menus The translation distance can either be a user defined distance or the magnitude of the vector Rotation ORIENT TYPE F about global gt asis Rotate j about alobal Y axis about global
5. In practice a rolled airbag has a finite thickness and therefore will not use the early portion of this curve SIS Ean Eee FOLDER uses a Factor of the original arc length of the airbag to specify that portion of the curve that is OPTIONS not to be used For example a Factor of 0 5 increases the total arc length to 1 5 times the airbags arc length LOCAL SYSTEM CAL SYSTEM and leaves the first 0 5 times this arc length unused A factor of 0 would have no unused portion and the airbag would be rolled from the spiral centre The options menu shows how much of the spiral is mapped and how much is unmapped The default Sea factor is 0 1 The user can also specify a subset of the airbag to be folded using the SETS AND LAYERS options as for other types Controlling the spiral internal radius 2 HM SPLIT MESH REMESH Page 6 48 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER scrunch Fold Compressing a 3D bag to a flat shape l E TE nur r e Ata ata a m m ee m a a annar a r a mar A meee een eee diia ge a p p n a EoD a r l Te ty ttt mHE E EEE Soiree rir eect mere Laan prar ee te ee ee ee e rp Fe ah re ee a h anr eT pee rS Hg g T ar ete a pan me ZZ Het a ee 5 a ma eae ere hh he T r En m e kn maai a OO hme ara PaT HTT pe n fm ceca foo ae ai eee k te lat ae e b ch Before scrunch After scrunch This fold type can accompli
6. Page 8 15 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 AWAY AWAY Increasing perspective distance a Clicking on this button increases the perspective distance by 5 The takes the viewer further away from the object NORM NORM Restore perspective distance to its NORMal value a This button restores the perspective distance to its standard setting which gives a field of view of about 37 degrees For all three buttons above the effect is immediate if the UPDATE_LEVEL see section 8 5 3 is 2 or greater In addition holding down a button gives a repeated action after an initial delay so that you can in effect see the effect dynamically as you change the distance setting the distance explicitly Distance 9000 0 You can type in an explicit Distance from the observer 8 5 3 UPDATE Controlling the View updating frequency FOLDER has an UPDATE_LEVEL setting which dictates Viewing how often the view is updated following commands that shite change it View Update Level This figure shows the UPDATE panel and its three settings l These have the following meanings _ 1 None 2 Medium 3 Frequent UPDATE _LEVEL 1 No updates The plot is never updated automatically Changes only become apparent when you issue an explicit drawing command eg DR CT etc UPDATE LEVEL 2 Medium updates The plot is updated immediately when any view control command is given The current image is amended as ne
7. 0 X 1 Y 2 Z 3 vector 4 N1 gt N2 FIELD 4 SCALE TYPE 0 X Y Z 1 N1 N2 N3 FIELD 5 N1 FIELD 6 N2 FIELD 7 N3 FIELD 8 CENTRE NODE LINE 2 FIELD 1 TRANSLATE DISTANCE TYPE 0 MAGNITUDE OF VECTOR 1 USER DEFINED FIELD 2 USER DEFINED DISTANCE FIELD 3 ROTATE SCALE CENTRE TYPE 0 GLOBAL AXIS 1 COORDINATE 2 NODE 3 N1 FIELD 4 CENTRE X FIELD 5 CENTRE Y FIELD 6 CENTRE Z FIELD 7 ANGLE LINE 3 FIELD 1 VECTOR X FIELD 2 VECTOR Y FIELD 3 VECTOR Z FIELD 4 SCALE X FIELD 5 SCALE Y FIELD 6 SCALE Z ORIENT 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ORIENT 2 1 0 0 5726 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ORIENT 3 0 4 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Page B 4 5 0 80 000008 1 0 0 0 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER ORIENT 4 2 0 1 4099 4005 4096 3803 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 0 FOLD_SET_END It is strongly recommended that you don t attempt to edit Fold Set files by hand as it can be very hard to identify exactly what the individual numbers mean To change folds or orients read them back into FOLDER and edit them there Also try not to separate Fold Set definitions from their parent input decks they reference SET and other entities within these decks and confusion will arise if these labels are not treated consistently
8. gt Properties gt Advanced g My Computer System Properties Select the Environment tab Ls p E Ed This example shows the panel Startup S hukdown Hardware Protiles l User Protiles from Windows NT4 That General Performance Environment from Windows 2000 and XP is very similar l System Yarnables LlassPath C Program Files E sceed nthhelresy jar ComS pec LOVIN T Nayestencse cmd exe CPU feted INCLUDE D Program Files Microsoft Visual Studios OF LIE D Program Files Microgott Visual Studios OF User Yarables for Administrator DISPLAY 170 177 1920 DISPLAY FACTOR automatic Include D Program Files Microgott Visual Studion C lib D Program Files Microsott Visual Studio C LM LICENSE FILE atudecilS Variable DISPLAY Value li FO 177 1 92 0 Set Delete mea A Then insert the relevant Variable and Value strings into the User or System settings as desired In this example it can be seen that iser Administrator has set the DISPLAY environment variable to 170 177 1 92 0 Environment variables that control the behaviour of FOLDER Page D 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The following variables control the graphics and attributes of the display window and menu system DISPLAY The X11 display id on which graphics will be drawn lt machine name gt lt server id gt lt screen id gt If this is not defined mos
9. Page B 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Page B 6 Madymo FOLDER to provide a fairly complete demonstration of the simplified geometry of an airbag This is designed capabilities to make a folded airbag It is not The following example is of a somewhat FOF i APPENDIX IIl Airbag Folding example User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 g the airbag is done by selecting choosing the materials it is important to select A ET EE SR EY GE model The units are in millimetres and the fabric is 0 25mm thick The airbag is a simple drivers side or pancake airbag DEFINE_ORIGAMI and then CREATE When The first issue in folding this model is to create an ORIGAMI This designed to represent a realistic fold pattern or to represent accurate deployment of an airbag Figure A3 1 shows the starting geometry for this SET FOLD to start foldin T Spiral fold using a local coordinate system and layers 90 thick fold along y axis 90 thin fold along y axis Tuck fold along x axis interferes with first fold Align fold using tramlines Thin fold along y axis Thin fold along y axis using subset folding Thin fold along y axis using subset folding N 7 x lt oN O qe a O 5 EH The first fold is a tuck fold The fold is in the x direction and in the xy plane the default folding plane The fold point is at 114 5 and the direction is from ri
10. ats Se et ae pi Ste ee aun Se area ei HER ae ete erates a ee ee m g p p lel re ae tet ha a M E AE ENIN RA F p a a ee a a eres r E a r E The adjacent figures show a 3D airbag being scrunched to a flat 2D shape The option of splaying the sides out has been used Direction Upi D own Fold point F al SUBSET FOLDING 3 1 l f SETS AND LAYERS OPTIONS pas arD Lazna E RESET TO WHOLE ORIGAMI CREATE HEW SET QUICK SHELL SET PICK EXISTING SET Current selection 4 shells set 2364 S nodes set 236 FOLD POINT has no effect here the FOLD SET is scrunched about the local z 0 plane Page 6 49 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Align fold Align Fold Aligning nodes on a fold line PICK es PE fold line This is very useful if the nodes do not line shows the align fold creation menu In this example The align fold is used for projecting nodes onto a Fold Type Angle Direction Up Down Fold point up exactly on a fold line or if the fold line is in slightly the wrong position The adjacent figure the TRAM LINES option has been set This can be turned on or off by using the MAKE TRAM LINES O Fold Separation gt 000 Tolerans button i tol tol SUBSET FOLDING 3 L i The normal options for selecting the nodes for the align fold can be used You can select the nodes you want to fold using the SETS AND
11. xml Files Maan Cancel Double click on the directory required then on the filename you wish to open To open files that do not have the xm1 extension you will need to select All files from the Files of type pull down menu Page 2 10 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 2 6 Obtaining Help and advice FOLDER has extensive on line help available In any context you will find either a HELP button or a on a green background that will give access to help Generally speaking it will map a Help Box as shown in the example below and input will be locked into that box until you click on OK or hit lt return gt in that box F HELF BO H OK Manual Using help Using windows Using FILE actions These actions relate to operations carried out on one or more models SELECT Deletes all models from memory and selects MADYMO input file WRITE Writes out all models to MADYMO input files This option will write ALL of the current airbag models out to the specified file As the file is written those from fold reLlated items that were saved while the fold data file was read in will be copied back to the output file The FOLD SET data for ALL of the airbags will be written to a separate file Each operation contains further help consult that for further information End of text 2 Error and Warning messages Occasionally you will get error or warning messages These are writ
12. otate Translate Feflect Scale Sketch Apply REFLECT no object defined Refl Axis Y axis Z axis Refl dist m ALL NONE Pra EA Options PIETER ES E TM Copy reflect off OBJECT TYPE RESTART AIRF BAG User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER COPY and REFLECT With COPY REFLECT ON before the reflect function is Reflect Grale invoked the items to be reflected are copied Two options are available for treating parts put new elements in the original part Apply REFLECT PARTIS create new parts for the copied elements Refl Axis W ais Y avis 7 avi If the user selects the new part option items Pel dist Pick referenced by the original part e g materials amp ell Cle ie contact will also be copied m TOO Coord sy s H ORIENT ITEMS m It may require some modification to ensure that the copied part of the model is set up exactly as the user Drag ALL NONE Prd Ea would want it FILTER D pti ns FILTER WIS KEYIN Labels for new items By default the new items will 5 OBJECT TYFE be labelled starting with the highest current label 1 Copy redect on for each item type If the user specifies a label range FART Call Model new items will be put into free labels within this elems in same part range and only once these are exhausted will the default apply _ elemsin new part Two ranges may be defined One for the more Lower Upper populous type of item nodes
13. rejecting or repeating the transformation before it becomes permanent OBJECT TYPE Interpolate Drag __Interpolate ___Drag__ Options Options paa CENTRE Defining the rotation centre Instead of typing in an x y z coordinate you can use CENTRE to pick a node to be used as the rotation centre The node s coordinate will be placed in the centre box for you Page 6 70 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER ANGLES Defining rotation angles As an alternative to typing in angles about the x y z axes you can use the ANGLES command to calculate the angle between 3 nodes as shown in this figure Pick or type in the labels of 3 nodes Pick M1 The vectors NIN2 and N1N3 are computed and then the l hem angle between them Bick N2 m zz You can choose the 3D angle or the projected value about any axes using XY Z as before Current angles 0 0 0 0 0 0 When the angle is satisfactory use OK to return to the main ROTATE box where you can then apply it Pick three nodes or type t labels Minn Hnn into the b above Angle is H1N2 H DRAG Dragging with the cursor As an alternative to specifying rotation angles you can drag the objects about the defined centre using the DRAG option shown in this figure ag Screen drag with cursor Place the cursor anywhere on the graphics screen press the left mouse button and keeping it depressed move it until the Apply desire
14. this is applied A cut down summary of this internal hierarchy 1s Highest level gt Lowest level AIRBAGS SETS PARTS ELEMENTS NODES When you select an object for operations it implicitly selects all entities below its level but not those at or above its own level For example selecting an airbag has the effect of operating on everything in that airbag while selecting a SET in that airbag acts as follows The SET selects PARTs ELEMENTS etc that refer to it The ELEMENTS select NODESs on them Page 6 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 0 2 Selecting Entities for Operations Section 6 index Master index In many contexts within FOLDER blanking orienting deletion 1t is necessary to select one or more entities for the current operation Selection takes place using a system of cascading object menus combined with screen picking area selection and keyed in data Primary Selection Selection from menu list Filtering selections Screen and area picking Rejecting screen picks Keying in selections Key in syntax Combining methods Restarting When performing operations you have to select those entities upon which to operate This is done via a standard selection menu hierarchy as follows Primary selection of object type ORIENT ITEMS In whatever context you are operating here ORIENT you will be ALL NONE PRA presented with the primary menu of object ty
15. 4 i ee Parte Terese A pasa ane fae dace fe caee E g SELL EERE OER EEE EE Ee Qe bb em Gh aitaa a i Ge ae fi es Ce ee ee L EE An LEELEE Ea Bhi sth fie h a i a a E eee e PERIPE Ee ae ee a DE TH oe ee ee ae a ee i ee E ee ee ee ee dod BERR E eREERReR DENDEN E E PRR ERE ERE bob See ee E E E ee de Ei tamti n a a i e ie e ia a i ome am ele am i aby te ome hm om d fa SS Se FS eS SS Sees es ee oly gle ls be gl lb lbs lls lle i ls ol a be ee ee SEPP arith ee pe lg A ye im ie ile eo eo ee eae ee ETTETETCTETI g Phe Pee eS Pe ee TF nea baat Bay be om om ott os oats a ee oe oe a bach edad i bb GR hD EE dD eee en bbGbG GRD EE E EEE ee pE CEEE EE BT ebb ghd ok bi ee ee ee eee ee HSH ECG hingi eg ee a b rdi Dotti nee EEEE T EE iii MEE EEETEECECPE TLE EE ak pitt tinti L i de Sat eee ed u np Se Prat tees T HeH ets bt ba ee etde ee oro PeTeeerery CEET pee Pees ee a ae ea ee fh eee oi ao aes F Ta Eni Page 6 54 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER e A new fold fold 1 is created on the airbag folding from right to left a shows the airbag before the fold b shows the airbag after the fold If a new fold fold 2 is now created folding from left to right by default everything to the left of the fold point will be folded c At this point you could define a node set or use layers to select the upper layer of the airbag to fold Instead you can press the SUBSET
16. 9 4 0 above The cursor symbol is yellow and looks like Translation always take place in the screen coordinate system in the X and Y directions The relationship between mouse and image motion is intuitive the object tracks the mouse motion in the screen XY plane The initial position of the mouse is irrelevant 8 4 3 Dynamic Magnification Scaling Dynamic scaling uses lt right mouse gt lt left shift gt amp or lt left control gt The distinction between the keyboard meta keys is explained in section 9 4 0 above The cursor symbol is green and looks like Mouse motion to the right and down makes the image larger left and up smaller The initial position of the mouse is irrelevant Page 8 11 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 5 Further commands in the Viewing Menu cae View manager The following commands with sub menus in this box are described Perspective View manager Storing and retrieving views this can also be accessed from the button Views in Update Level Level the Drawing and Viewing Box Perspective Controlling perspective Update Level Setting plot update frequency 8 5 1 VIEWS Storing and retrieving view information What is a view A view is all the information required to set up the current view of the object In practice this means The current rotation matrix 3 direction cosines The current image centre location in space x y z coordinat
17. Airbag 2 Mass 1 to 20 How explicit menu selection screen picking and keying in work together These three methods of selection co exist with cumulative effect they are simply alternative ways of selecting objects for processing and are designed to be used together Selecting something by screen picking or typing in its label will automatically depress the appropriate menu row likewise deselecting the menu row of an item that has been screen picked acts like rejecting a pick and removes it from the cursor list You can use any combination of methods in any order to select items Screen picking or keying in the label of an item that has already been selected manually from the object menu is legal but has no effect Selections are not cumulative across different item types If for example you select the type PARTs and then swap to ELEMENTs the PARTs will no longer be selected only the selected elements will be remembered If you wanted to select all elements from one PART and then a subset of elements from a second PART you could do it as follows Select object type ELEMENT Set filter option by PART and select the first part Select ALL elements implicitly only in that PART Unset the filter and select the required further individual ELEMENTs explicitly The selection list will contain the results of both categories of selection Selections persist following most operations except BLANK and DELETE When yo
18. FOLD SET This may require adjustment of parameters Separation Tolerance to achieve a good result 7 Continue creating new folds until the complete FOLD SET is folded Page 6 42 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 1 10 Fold types Null Fold Set attributes but don t fold mesh i a The NULL fold allows the user to define all the fold data without actually folding the FOLD SET This is useful when the current fold appears to be incorrect eg too many layers have been folded Pressing the NULL fold option effectively unfolds the current fold and allows the user to change the fold parameters eg entity selection The nodes which will be folded are still highlighted Thin Fold Perform a sharp crease Thin fold fold E For airbags the most common fold type is the thin fold Material is creased sharply along a line of nodes to give a precisely defined shape OLD 1 THIN The definition and control panel for thin folds are shown in the figure below The panel shows the creation of a thin fold the AIRBAGS _ x airbag has been folded from right to left the right hand side ending up on top of the left hand side DIS hil S APPLY The fold thickness is 0 3 with the centre portion rotated 90 though this is not a requirement Angles larger than 180 are not permissible These defaults are being used here ik ee ey en _ tf The thin fold graphic above shows that there is some pinching a
19. Greyscale support Both colour and greyscale laser files may be generated In greyscale mode FOLDER converts screen colours to shades of grey in an intelligent fashion 7 0 38 Number and orientation of plots on a page The laser driver defaults to landscape orientation with one plot per page You can opt for portrait orientation and in both cases put multiple plots on a page in a variety of layouts 7 1 LASER PLOT CONTROL 7 1 1 OFF ON Switching laser output on off These commands control whether laser output is generated the next time you issue a plotting command They have the following meanings OFF No laser output is generated This is the default ON All subsequent plots get written to laser file Any plot directed to laser file is sent by default to the next free sub image if the file has multiple plots per page or file Gf only a single image per file or the multiple page is full When multiple sub images in a file are in use the next image to be written is shown by depressing the appropriate icon in the file layout panel You can override this and choose a different sub image see 7 1 5 below 7 1 2 Choosing the laser filename File PATESMIE Go When no file is currently in use the File entry box will be available You can give any valid filename for the next laser file to be written or let FOLDER choose one for you You can also use the button to select a file via the standard file filter box If the fil
20. June 2006 7 5 2 Format Choosing a suitable file format Format JPEG 24 bit compressed o Bit Compressed BMF o Bit Uncompressed BMF 24 Bit Uncompressed BMF PPh File Thumbnail EVE Q OE The table below explains what the various formats are and describes their characteristics JPEG Jpg Windows Bitmap BMP JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group It is a compression technique based on frequency analysis of the original image which gives good compression without any appreciable loss of quality Typically files will be lt 5 of the size of the equivalent 24 bit plane BMP format and are visually almost indistinguishable Virtually all image processing packages can read this format and it is the default This is a very simple format that is readable in virtually any imaging package however in its uncompressed form it is very verbose 24 bit plane files give excellent image quality but are huge bytes Xes X Yes X 3 All types 8 bit plane files are 1 3 of the size of their 24 bit equivalent but the image quality suffers since only 256 colours are available FOLDER applies dithering to increase the colour range but this results in a loss of spatial resolution The 8 bit plane compressed form which uses run length encoding gives the same image quality as uncompressed 8 bit It is still relatively verbose compared to JPEG 8 bit plane BMP files are larger than JPEGs and of inferior quality us
21. LAYERS options Alternatively you can use the nodes which SETS AND LAYERS were folded in the previous fold by using the SUBSET FOLDING option OPTIONS For both options you give a fold point and a fold LOCAL SYSTEM angle to define the fold line The nodes which will be aligned are highlighted on the screen The Tolerance option can be used to increase the tolerance for selecting the nodes which will be moved onto the fold line MAKE TRAM LINES REMESH Distance td ALAS SPLIT MESH The default options for the align fold just move the selected nodes onto the fold line The following figures show the effect of this option with pictures before and after the align fold OLDIT ALIGN OLD1 ALIGN Before align fold After align fold Page 6 50 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Folds work best if the nodes adjacent to the fold line are a constant distance from the fold line The MAKE TRAM LINES option does this If the option is set then if a node from an element is moved onto a fold line the other nodes on the element which are not on the fold line will be moved to be a constant distance away You can enter the distance to position the nodes with the Distance box The diagram in the panel updates to show you that you are using the tramlines option The following figures show the effect of the tramlines option with pictures before and after the align fold OLDI ALIGH OLD1 ALIGN Before align fold After ali
22. Note that the directions of the local axes have changed but the origin is still at 0 To change the origin a new fold position would need to be picked _ ra a F P SOLD SCALE te a Pd sah i Page 6 52 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Translate 13 Translate fold Fold The translate fold is used for moving parts of Fold Type Angle Direction Up Down Fold point the fold set The translation is done in the local co ordinate system of the fold NOT the global co ordinate system To help you visualise the local co ordinate system the axis triad is drawn on the airbag The local axes can be changed using the LOCAL SYSTEM The fold point local axes origin can be changed by selecting a new Fold point See the examples for the scale fold as the method is identical The nodes elements that you want to translate are selected in the normal way using sets and layers as required You can translate the airbag by one of 3 methods l You can type in separate X Y and Z distances in the text boxes 2 You can pick 2 nodes using Pick N1 gt N2 to define the distance 3 You can drag the selection interactively using DRAG Press DRAG The window will change as shown on the right All other functions are unavailable while dragging Click and drag with the mouse and the selection will be moved on the screen and the distance boxes updated When the mouse button is released the screen will be redr
23. PART type gia ANY they are included The tests vary by object type those for PARTS By ELEMENT type ANY are shown here By default all tests are unset ANY but you can set any combination multiple ones combine in effect By MEMBRANE type ae ANY Page 6 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Example of setting a FILTER FILTER ems Here the AIRBAG option for PARTS has been selected DISMISS HELP You are presented with all possible airbags in the model s and can choose Filter PART defns one The ANY default may be chosen to revert to no filtering by this Select MODEL category An lt undefined gt category is sometimes included This is because airbags may contain say PARTs referencing ELEMENTS that have not been Any MODEL defined yet will have a lt null gt element type entry Al Thorax fe model I A2 Pendulum_fe_model re Plate_fe_model ID _ Page 6 6 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The influence of selecting a FILTER option A orient items F In the example shown here the user has selected MEMBRANE as the ALL NONE khs element filter This causes the selection menu to be updated immediately to F FILTER KEY_IN show only those PARTs which reference membrane elements Note that the ALL and NONE options will now only operate on the parts shown here They will not affect the selection status of anything picked previously th
24. Page 0 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER lt list of integers gt lt filename gt lt data component gt lt return gt lt control Z gt lt escape gt Round To show optional items during input for example lt command gt lt optional command gt lt optional number gt And also to show defaults when the computer prompts you eg Give new value 10 Give model number 12 Square To show advisory information at computer prompts eg Give filename key FOLDER_MANAGER gt gt gt H for Help Also to show implicit commands eg ORIENT TRANSLATE lt entity gt lt number of values gt Page 0 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Page 0 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 1 Running FOLDER 1 1 Starting the code FOLDER is run from the command line FOLDER may be run both locally on your machine and remotely in client server mode using the remote machine client to display on the local screen server For remote usage it will be necessary to set the host s DISPLAY environment variable to point to the server and to enable remote display on the server see section 1 3 if you have problems doing this 1 2 Selecting a graphics device On Windows This panel is not normally mapped and FOLDER starts under OpenGL automatically On Unix Linux When FOLDER starts you will see the device selection panel eJe7 Nvrnn WeEWcESELECTIONN OC l
25. Section 9 describes viewing Some specialist functions use different mouse buttons for particular functions Screen picking uses Left button to select Middle button to reject most recent selection Right button to reject what is under the cursor 2 2 1 Buttons Screen buttons are depressed by clicking on them but action only takes place when the mouse button is released so it is safe to drag the depressed mouse around the screen Buttons may be set ie depressed by FOLDER itself for example the MODEL one above to indicate that this option is in force They may also be greyed out to indicate that the option is not currently available Some buttons repeat automatically when held depressed this depends on context Buttons with after them will invoke sub menus EEC Measure Postscript The primitive widgets in the menu interface are used as follows Popup window invocation Buttons with an gt symbol may be selected normally with the left mouse button but if the right mouse button is depressed over them it will invoke a popup window Move the cursor into this window to make a selection or move elsewhere and click a button to deactivate the popup snore m Item label Highest 1 24 No so vane CAT 2 2 2 Sliders Sliders are moved by clicking on the slider button itself and then dragging it to a new position They may also be moved automatically by clicking on and holding down one of the arro
26. Sketched Sets the colour for anything sketched in any context By default it is set to Not background the Items logical opposite of the current background setting so as to establish good contrast It can also to be set toa fixed colour or Use Text Colour which will use the same setting as Screen Text is set to Labels Sets the colour for item eg node labels Default white Colour all by gives options of how to colour model items MODEL id sets colour by model number INCLUDE file id sets colour by which include file items belong to PART id sets part based element colours by part number Based on PART id For element types that use parts the colour may be based on one of the part The label of the property is used for example all elements of part 1 will be the same colour Where a part id is undefined grey is used The default is for all such elements to be drawn by PART colour Colour all by MODEL id INCLUDE file id PART Id HELP 4 1 3 Lighting Lighting 4 ae Value age Brightness 0 00 Ambient Shininess T0 00 Saturation BrightnessThere is a light source at the observers viewpoint this direction cannot be altered This field controls how bright this source is Facets normal to the observer reflect the maximum amount of light from this Ambient This control the level of black body radiation which illuminates all facets equally regardless of orientation Shininess Low values w
27. To convert it to EPS format you must add a PS Adobe 2 0 SBoundingBox line and delete the statusdict 6sekndComments PS Adobe 2 0 Pages 1 SsopoundingBox 0 0 595 842 Page 1 1 6cEndComments Statusdict begin SsPages 1 altest save def sPage 1 1 altest save def The arguments of the BoundingBox line are the Postscript coordinates lt lower left gt lt lower right gt lt upper left gt lt upper right gt These must be expressed in raw Postscript space of 72 points per inch and they assume that the paper is in portrait format with its origin at its lower left corner The values in the example above refer to A4 format 210 x 297 mm 595 x 842 points US letter paper would give 8 5 x 11 612 x 792 points Clearly a smaller bounding box would select only a subset of the image For more information on encapsulated postscript see the PostScript Language Reference Manual 2nd edition by Adobe Systems Incorporated Published by Addison Wesley ISBN 0 201 18127 4 7 4 Notes on laser plotting Users on 3D devices should note that turning the laser on will temporarily force the graphics mode back to 2D This is because a laser plot is intrinsically a 2D image and is computed in software Transient graphics added dynamically to the screen are never copied to laser files Examples are cursor pick symbols and also the information added interactively with the DYNAMIC_LABEL function If an attempt to open a l
28. User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 APPENDIX I Standard Object Names and Acronyms Inside FOLDER every class of object membranes straps nodes etc has a standard acronym that is used when labelling items on the screen and which can sometimes be needed when the user types in a specific object label For example the acronym for a node is N thus node 27 will always be labelled as N27 In addition when FOLDER has more than one airbag in memory it is necessary to prefix the object label with its airbag number The acronym for an airbag is A thus if node 27 exists in both models and 3 the two labels will be respectively Al N27 Airbag 1 Node 27 A3 N27 Airbag 3 Node 27 You only have to remember these when using the Key in method of defining objects section 6 2 and even then only when the object type is not implicit For example to select node 10 in airbag 1 you will need to key in 10 If both object type NODE and the airbag id 1 are preset N10 If object type is ambiguous but airbag id 1s preset A1 N10 If neither object type or airbag id are preset In most situations the lt airbag gt and lt object type gt are implicit either because of the context of the operation or because of prior selections or because of filter settings and only numbers are required As well as acronyms every object has a formal name that is used when referring to it in error messages diagnostic output panel buttons et
29. and the current image centre are changed When defining the rectangle with the cursor you can rubber band the box by picking its first point then pressing the button and moving to see the effect of the second point 8 2 3 CeNire Centre Node CN CN Lets you choose a new node that will become the new image centre and about which rotations will be performed The point chosen with ga cursor moves to the l w adow cenie butihe Click here to view as pdf scale is not changed ices TH imaga a a n h Es EEH mA chomn pont et canda ha mno S oo meth amt Ta CD a an ha ya Th um feo chown diman a a gueh Ha ta aa ce Ee Hp mep carba ai 8 2 4 AC Autoscale Current Scaling the view to fit the screen ACCalculates the correct scale and centre position required to make the current image fit neatly onto the screen also available as shortcut key A This takes account of blanking clipping deformations etc Page 8 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 2 5 Zooming in using Shortcut keys and magnify reduce the current view 8 2 6 Scrolling through previous views The EEJ and buttons allow scrolling through previous views 8 2 Blanking control buttons Rev reverses all blanking or use shortcut key R Lock stores the current blanking status All restores the last stored blanking status 8 2 8 Other buttons on the Viewing Control panel Manual invokes the on line manual S
30. at the bottom right hand corner of the screen The remaining commands can be found in the Viewing option in the main menu AC oom pacar A View manager YAY Manya Max alesi Strain r Tidy a HEZ H HSG Drawing and Viewing box Lock Rev Wiering Perspective 3D options 30 Graphics 2D Graphics Settings Viewing Menu Page 8 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 1 FOLDER coordinate space systems and view layout FOLDER uses two right handed coordinate space systems for viewing screen space and model space This is illustrated in figure 8 1 a oge gao SA LAAT ed Hoja a s alged wih ihe 6 he giamalon of he screen cwyd syslen of ihe mode and ls ree 12 roaie wih li e Z ls OUT ot he sresn RS Roae Semen ceenmant RM Raae hoia eemnmand Pete In greeni Space red in mede Space Initially the two space systems are coincident ie the initial view on the model is a plan on XY looking down the Z axis Transformations to the current view can be applied in either space system with the result that the model coordinate system will rotate with respect to the fixed screen system The current model orientation ie the axis system in the right hand side of figure 8 1 a above 1s shown by the triad in the bottom right of each plot The object exists at a point in screen space and is seen through a viewing frustrum as shown in figure 8 1 b be
31. ha l 0 10 2 10 m5 E a moo ha Help The attributes that can be set are Rotation Angular increment in degrees The default is 5 deg but any value 0 0 lt value lt 180 0 is valid The ANGLE Angle Trans Delta Magnif Factor Time Delay Page 8 8 increment of five degrees is a reasonable value for single clicks but is really too large to give the impression of smooth rotation under continuous motion you will probably find that a value of 1 or 2 degrees is better for that The translation increment as a fraction of screen span Default is 0 1 ie 10 but any value 0 0 lt value lt 0 5 is valid The magnification factor Default is 1 1 Ge 10 but any value 1 0 lt value lt 5 0 is valid Is the time delay in seconds between continuous transformations when a button is held down The default is 0 02s but values 0 0 lt value lt 0 5 are valid The Time Delay is the minimum permitted time delay between frames If the hardware is taking longer than this to render each frame it does not add to the delay it simply pads it out if the inter frame time is shorter than this interval You may be tempted to cut the time delay between transformations down to zero and on very fast hardware typically 3D machines this gives good results but on slower hardware you may find that this gives uneven results as competing system demands lead to variable elapsed intervals between frames It is for this reason tha
32. level menu for all set types The figure below shows a typical set main control panel in this case for SET_PART definitions but all are the same Commands have their standard meanings as described in section 5 0 1 SET NODE Curr 4 Check Page 5 7 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 CREATE Creating a new set a Exi This figure shows the initial ET A empty set creation panel RES ET_ LL HELF Items here NODEs but the same applies to all valid set types can be added to or removed from the CREATE_SET COPY Els TING SKETCH set using ABORT CREATE ADD Inserts items CHECK DEF into the set REMOVE Removes them Create SET NODE model 1 from the set EMPTY Completely empty the set of Label Mo MODES all its contents Items are added or removed using the standard selection menu as Title lt No set name given gt shown in figure below Contents REMOVE EMPTY YIEWWEDOIT i Page 5 8 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 PE ABORT CREATE RESET ALL LREATE_ SET COPY Els TING te CHECK DEF ADD selected 1 PARTIS ADD ITEMS SKETCH SEL ABLDIRT ADD ETE ALL NONE PR al Madymo FOLDER In this example the user is selecting nodes by part he has selected one part and ADD_ITEMS will load the nodes which reference that into the set Only items of the correct type here nodes will be selected therefore it is safe to
33. multiple pick A thick broken white line is used to define areas and polygons RIGHT L BEEBE EE 7a 8 5 58 5 amp Left Mouse button Selects Right mouse button Rejects Solid borders for areas and polygons Broken thick borders for areas and polygons AREA_PICK What is visible when area or polygon picking The test is simple if it has been drawn even if it is obscured by something else it is visible Page 6 9 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Using KEY_IN to type in selections J ern x DISMISS HELP Key in PAR TCS It is also possible to type in selection labels by invoking the KEY_IN box Valid syntax is Single labels 1 101 27 93 lt start gt to lt end gt 1 to 21 99 1000 wou Or any combination of these Note that either to or may be used to denote a range qto 11 23 24 Key in syntax when airbag and or type codes must be defined for labels In the example above the airbag id and type code Part were both known so simple numbers were adequate However in some situations multiple types may be possible for example element permits membrane mass and the type code acronym must prefix the labels For example to select Membrane You must define M27 AM1 AM20 27 and Mass 1 to 20 It is also possible that selection across multiple airbags will be permissible For example to select Airbag 1 Membrane You must define A1 M27 A2 AM1 A2 AM20 27 and
34. rid rilestitestitolder tes This operates in the same fashion as file reading Select a name for the MADYMO output file Select a name for the FOLD file Click on APPLY If the file already exists you are given the choice of overwriting it or giving a new filename You can only write out the file in the same format that it was read in In the above example a version 6 XML file was read There are two exceptions to this 1 When a star fold is created In this case as FOLDER creates the model from scratch it can be written out in version 5 4 or version 6 x format 2 When a circular mesh is created for mesh independent folding This must be written in version 6 x format Writing out a model does not usually affect its contents in memory in any way 3 2 1 Writing multiple include files If multiple include files have been read from a version 6 x file the write panel looks slightly different Each of the files which have been read is shown in the panel Mater functions this is the panel shown when writing the files that were read in pag are the example in section 3 1 3 Ce rite Delete Each file that was read will be written back out remember that you do not need to read all the files just the ones relevant to Apply the airbag File format Bae ees The file names are shown on a red background to indicate that i i l z you are overwriting the original file Folcd File prale ieam e a inc_testtest talc Data File Tol
35. that just because a shell is in a set does not mean that it will definitely be folded The shells that are in the set are the ones that will be considered for folding As an example consider the first fold of an airbag where we have defined the set to be the entire fold set When the fold is actually performed the folder checks all the shells in the set Some of these shells will be on the wrong side of the fold line and will be left in their original positions Only the ones which are on the correct side of the foldline are actually folded So even though all the shells were considered for folding the folder actually only folded the shells on the correct side Quick set creation The QUICK SHELL SET button allows you to create a shell set in a much quicker way than the normal creation method Set selection RESET TO WHOLE ORIGAMI Basic select CREATE NEW SET A shell set is automatically created for you with _ Advanced select QUICK SHELL SET the next free label PICK EXISTING SET Shells can be added or removed from the set by the following methods 1 Clicking and dragging with the left mouse button will add shells to the set by box 2 Multiple left mouse button clicks will add shells to the set by polygon 3 Clicking and dragging with the right mouse button will remove shells from the set by box 4 Multiple right mouse button clicks will remove shells from the set by polygon Page 6 40 User manual Release 4 0 June 200
36. the cube of Distance So don t be surprised if there is a significant delay when interpolation is used with large Distance values in big models Using Conn only can speed matters up as it usually reduces the number of candidate nodes for movement Example use of INTERPOLATE Distance 0 In this figure two nodes in the centre of a flat plate have been raised with no INTERPOLATE value set It is clear that only they have moved and adjacent nodes are unaffected E SSIS EOE Eu a Page 6 76 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Distance 20 Order 1 0 In this figure the same nodes have been moved but now INTERPOLATE has been switched on The Distance chosen is equal to half the smaller mesh dimension Here Order 1 0 so there is a linear interpolation between the selected nodes and the edge of the mesh Page 6 77 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Distance 20 Order 0 5 In this final figure the Order value has been reset to 0 5 giving a curved variation from centre to edge of the mesh This shows how a non linear effect can be achieved e ee EE A im aii Me r am i a i my E a y i at S lt m m mmm nae T ma m am AA i a gt a 7 a s i a a7 a i oe a jaN _ a a lt a s in N s n pamm Er a a Sig i i a a 9 a a n Ta a s a E i i n B ni F Te ia a S
37. the specified value For example the corner nodes on the square mesh in example 1 have edge angles of 90 so will be selected lt 135 All the Layer separation nones other boundary nodes have angles of 180 so will not be selected FICK NODES SKETCH HODES To enable folder to determine the different surfaces of the airbag you must enter the layer separation the distance between the top and bottom surfaces of the fabric In the screenshot above the value has not been entered yet so the APPLY button is not active Once all the fixed nodes that you require are selected APPLY will create the fold set and take you to the main folding screen PICK NODES can be used to manually pick nodes to SCREEN PICK xil SELECT FIXED NOD j become fixed nodes from the airbag ESEE 2 Pr Picked 18 NODEf wis KEY _IN CANCEL DONE When you have selected the nodes on the screen press DONE to add them to the fixed nodes REJ_LAST HODES Cin hid NODES 1 130921 SCR_POLY Ds Be a PO a a MAAS S05 MNS 704 MAA SSG hid Ao MAAN TSS25 MAYA AT S520 Td ee a Page 6 21 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 For another example the mesh with holes in the bottom surface in example 2 earlier would need the following fixed nodes selecting shown by the dots Page 6 22 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER selecting an existing mesh independent fold set If you have pr
38. their labels into the relevant boxes in format A lt airbag number gt N lt node label gt The vector is computed from the coordinates of N2 N1 and the distance set Pick N1 You can choose the degrees of freedom of this vector to use By default VECTOR_XYZ is in force meaning all of the Pick M2 x y z components but you can reduce this to two or one component only using XY Z Curent vector 15 34 97 15 6 984 When you have obtained the desired vector use OK to return Distance 98 63 Int n21 E Ea to the main TRANSLATE panel where you can then APPLY it Screen pick 2 nodes or type in labels hinns Ann NORMAL TO PLANE Select the items to translate and click on the NORMAL TO PLANE option Define the plane by picking on 3 nodes and set the translation distance Reflect Scale Trans rot Use OK to return to the main TRANSLATE panel where Translate Moarmal ta Plane you can then APPLY the orient Distance 10 00 ontent items _ Select 3 nodes to define aLL NONE fr E AM KEPEIT EE CSA OBJECT TYPE Pick 2 n 060 FART Call Model Pick M3 m n560 Page 6 68 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER DRAG Using the cursor to drag objects ah Reflect Scale Trans rot Click down the left mouse button at any point on the screen it s not related to the object and drag it in the desired direction The object as a reduced set of vectors if it is large l wi
39. within the area 1s selected Screen picked entries by any method go into the cursor list of which the 10 most recent entries are shown in this box Note that The current FILTER setting also applies to screen picking you will not be able to pick an item that has been filtered out Multiple Area or Polygon picking is only available in contexts where it makes sense If for example you are picking a single node for an element you will not be permitted to drag out an area The cursor symbol gives a prompt a cross permits only scalar picks a hand permits multiple picks When 3D elements are picked by area or polygon the treatment of elements inside a mesh which are not drawn because all their faces are internal depends on the AREA _ PICK setting below Screen picked items can be rejected in a range of ways see below Page 6 8 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Rejecting items that have been screen picked Picked items can be rejected deselected in exactly the same way that they were selected by using the middle and right mouse buttons Mouse Button Function Selects items scalar by rectangular area or by arbitrary polygon as described above A thin solid white line is used to define areas and polygons LEFT Rejects the most recent selection last in first out MIDDLE Rejects E What is explicitly selected scalar pick All items in the area
40. you can just press the SUBSET FOLDING button and the nodes from the previous fold will be used as the input to this fold The following figures illustrate the use of subset folding when creating thin folds a l b ts pale a reg Th fre Ta PL e Tee ee BE SHREEBRRBERBELE BA LG ie aire re E e EEEECETLEEI IEEE eee ee eee eT TaoRELIL OTT TTT ee ee ee Pee Teer toe ee BE PREP ERE PSPs ee nide dd SE ee a a ai i i eee ee Sere ree Teer rt ks thn tts eRe e e per rs creer res PTH hehe eae TEE CeCe CC a ee SO babin akiki i ahh a i Sek tse ese ee ee aE EOC eee ee 2 Sth ete hts hb sete eee ee ee ee ee ee ee a re ee ec eo ee en ees a Re ihe am He ik oR i ite mh nlite ss ks ibis ERE ERE REE See See ee FN Cee ee eee eee Na ee Da ee ee PP SS SSS SS Se Se ees TE BRR BHRERRREHRRRBHERE EHR HDR Be ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee SLT Teese tt testes fF PREECE PREP Rha h eS eS SS SS SS Se SS eS Se See BRB BEE EGBR RSPR RBERBRERERB EEE EERE EASE oh a_i en hai SSS Se SS Sas TTE SS Ses TETE Ses ss ERE PE SEB EBLEREBREHEEEBHREREEEEE EEE EEE EEEE E EEEE ea F FEER tS R ESETE it tE EEH EE E E eee SSeS as se eee Se T BRR BERBER RE HRRRHREREEEEE ERED Be eT PPP e Tere tet ee et re a ee ee ee ee ee ttre eee eee ERR CE Ce BER BHR R ERR HHH LS Prete rts ff sete ee Pere eee FF SCLC SEP Ses Se Set fase SERRE EER RRR RRR EERE EE Sn ei SRR ERE REE ERE Eee 2 ee ERG CREEP TEE ee Rb al del ideas be aE ee ee i
41. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD Page B 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 5483 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 0 43 100006 0 0 90 0 0 10000000 180 0 0 85000002 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 5 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2154 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 37 799988 0 0 90 0 0 10000000 180 0 0 85000002 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 6 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 3430 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 14 200012 0 0 90 0 0 10000000 90 0 0 85000002 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 7 6 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 60 0 2 0 90 0 0 10000000 90 0 0 85000002 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 8 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 267 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 60 0 2 0 90 0 0 10000000 90 0 0 85000002 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 9 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 629 0 0 0 0 110 3577 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 30 449997 2 0 0 0 2 0 90 0 0 85000002 Page B 3 Madymo FOLDER 0 0 1 0000000E 20 7 4999962 71 000008 62 500000 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 e am am am am am am am am am am am ao ae aD List of ORIENTs e am am am am am am am am ame a ae ae ae aD LINE 1 FIELD 1 LABEL FIELD 2 TYPE 0 TRANSLATION 1 ROTATION 2 SCALE FIELD 3 TRANSLATE ROTATE TYPE
42. 006 The filter is the pathname and wildcard search pattern to be used Here the pathname is milest test folder folder4 test_files and the pattern is xm1 to look fora MADYMO v6 x input file The directories area lists those directories which exist under the current pathname Here there are a number of directories eg Unix for this directory and Unix for parent directory The Files area lists those files in the current directory which match the search pattern The Selection box shows the current selection You select a directory by clicking on it then clicking on Filter in order to apply your selection This updates the Files box accordingly You then select a file by clicking on its name in the Files area and finally on OK to make it your choice and return To go back up the directory tree you need to select the 1e parent directory As an alternative to using Filter and OK you can double click quickly on the relevant directory or pathname to make your selection Cancel Cancels this operation and returns with no file selected Help Provides context dependent help and advice then returns to file selection 2 5 2 Standard Windows file filter box Lookin folderd_test_files 2 a_thorax_airbag_pendulummesh_ine xml E Recent laj a_thorax_airbag_platemesh_ine xml ocuments a_thorax_airbag_relaxedmesh_inc xmil E Desktop T My Documents My Network Files of type
43. 6 To finish selecting the shells and create the set press the APPLY SELECTION button When selecting by polygon if you close the polygon by clicking back onto the first point the shells will be added Alternatively you can press CLOSE POLYGON to select the shells Madymo FOLDER pickpocyeon _ poly pts screen area ABORT POLYSOH REJECT LAST PT will delete the last point in the polygon ABORT POLYGON will restart the polygon Advanced set selection The advanced set selection works with sets just like the basic set selection The difference is that instead of using a single set basic select 3 sets are used When a fold is performed there are three distinct regions of the fold The Unfolded set The shells that will not move 1 e they will be unaffected by the fold The Foldline set The nodes which are actually on the fold line The Folded set The shells that will be folded i e the shells that will move during the fold mEn E REJECT_LAST PT CLOSE POLYGON HELF APPLY SELECTION ABORT SELECTION SKETCH SELECTION RESET TO WHOLE ORIGAMI Set selection CREATE NEW SET QUICK SHELL SET PICK EXISTING SET Basic select Advanced select Unfolded set Foldline set Folded set Current selection 2692 shells Set 502 27 29 nodes iset 502 Each of these 3 sets can be selected individually They can be completely different sets It is important to
44. ER 4 0 Memory requirements Memory is allocated dynamically so the amount required rises in proportion to the amount of data being manipulated A suggested minimum amount of memory is 32MBytes which should accommodate models of up to about 150 000 nodes amp elements without requiring virtual memory Memory usage will rise linearly with model size so this figure may be extrapolated for larger models Output devices me code supports the following graphical devices X_Windows Colour greyscale amp monochrome Open GL 3 D generic graphics this is the recommended choice on all computer platforms Postscript Adobe 2 0 Laser driver Windows bitmap files JPEG files Revision history Revision Date Description Rev 0 April 1999 Initial release of version 1 0 software Rev 1 March 2001 Release 2 0 Rev 2 October 2001 Release 2 1 Rev 3 March 2003 Release 3 0 Rev 4 May 2006 Release 4 0 Text conventions used in this manual Typefaces Three different typefaces are used in this manual Manual text This typeface is used for text in this manual Computer This one is used to show what the computer types It is also used for equations keywords eg type PART etc Operator This one is used to show what you must type type Button text This one is used for screen menu buttons eg APPLY Notation Triangular round and square brackets have been used as follows Triangular To show generic items and special keys For example
45. FOLDING button Now the nodes which will be used for fold 2 are the nodes which were folded in the first fold d If this fold is completed and the folding process continued with subset folding then when the third fold is defined e the nodes are automatically selected and the fold direction swapped from forward to reverse f shows the airbag after the third fold If the folding process was continued and a fourth fold created using subset folding the fold direction would automatically swap over to be forward This process can be used to very quickly create gt zig zag folds on an airbag It is much quicker as no sets or layers need to be created when doing the folds You can turn subset folding off at any time and continue folding by the normal methods Page 6 55 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 12 Folder Options The FOLDER OPTIONS panel enables you to AIRBAGS set various options which alter the way the folder works and what is drawn DISMISS APPLY HELP For fold nodes crossed and penetrating elements and distorted elements you can individually a ee choose to always plot them or to only plot them if the appropriate button is pressed This option is Options tor highlighting fold nodes set by using the radio buttons and setting the z Use butt option Use button or Always highlight eee BuneD oo EF Always highlight Faldli d As the distorted and crossed element checking is Pa y very c
46. Hidden Also wireframe but with hidden surface removal applied e SHaded 2D and 3D items are drawn shaded and lit with 1D and other items superimposed in hidden mode In addition items may be SKETCHed on top of the current image Sketching superimposes a wireframe unhidden sketch of the relevant items on top of the current image in an alternate colour and without clearing the current image Sketching is not affected by the entity switches or blanking settings Data bearing items may also be contoured or otherwise displayed using Continuous Tone CT or Shaded Image Sl contour plots for example of max principal strain etc Page 3 6 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 4 Model visualisation 4 1 Basic Drawing commands 4 2 Data Plotting commands 4 3 Controlling model visibilit 4 4 Controlling Entity Visibility and Labellin 4 5 Blanking 4 6 Dynamic labelling Master Index 4 0 Visualisation and labelling This section describes how to draw airbags control what is drawn and also add labels and associated data to plots Viewing control is covered in section 8 Page 4 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 4 1 Basic drawing commands LI ne HI dden line SH aded image FOLDER is capable of drawing basic airbag geometry in three modes LIne Hldden line and SHaded Li LINE mode LI draws all element borders with no hidden surface removal However the back
47. KS Sgal SPLIT MESH _ REMESH Use version 3 0 algorithm Use version 7 1 algorithm FOF i e E I IIIau Two interfering tuck folds using the version 7 1 tuck fold algorithm is Two interfering tuck folds using the version 8 0 tuck fold algorithm The tuck folds using the version 7 1 tuck folds penetrate through each other If this airbag was deployed there would be problems with contacts and the airbag forming knots Additionally the nodes on the fold tip are not in the correct place The version 8 0 folds do not penetrate through each other and so this airbag will deploy correctly and the nodes at the tip of the fold are still in the correct position The default for tuck folds is to use the version 8 0 algorithm If the fold cannot be performed with this algorithm you can still use the older 7 1 algorithm This may be better for tuck folds which use multiple material thickness as there are some additional options which may help Page 6 46 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The following two figures illustrate the use of these options for the version 7 1 algorithm the left hand figure shows that problems can occur with penetrations when using tuck folds for multiple layers If problems occur then selecting gt gt double layer mode may help resolve the problem right hand figure But the double layered mode is only valid if the fold tip lies along a line of nodes If it does not then the single la
48. LDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Controlling the order in Postscript x which multiple plots are drawn Laser switch Ott on Plot 3 of file postU01 ps open CL LUUSE FILE DOUBLE EXPOSE The right hand menu shows a typical laser panel for a 2x4 portrait plot in which sub images 1 and 2 are complete and sub image 3 has received some graphics but is still open see below for an explanation of this Node Normally sub images are written in the order 1 to n but if the user wanted the Colour next plot to be drawn to sub image 6 G l instead of 4 he would click on the 6 E icon here giving the result shown here a Sub image 4 would be closed and 6 primed to receive the next plot _ Normal Reversed The status of files and sub images within files FOLDER laser files and sub images within files have one of four possible states Inactive Green No graphics written yet and not selected for the next plot Selected Red No graphics written yet but selected to receive the next plot Open Blue Graphics written but file sub image still available to receive more information for example from an Annotate operation Closed Greyed out File sub image complete and cannot receive any more information The colours referred to above are used for the button icons on multiple sub image panels as shown in figure 7 1 5 c Only green icons ie those which are currently inactive may be selected to receive the n
49. MIS P SES VIEW ALL FOLDS displays all folds defined on the current FOLD SET This is not affected by the current fold number Airbag Plotting Mode The coordinate system used for airbag display Airbag Plotting blade VIEW_GLOBAL Displays the airbag in the global cartesian system VIEW GLOBAL VIEW_LOCAL Displays it in its local system if defined VIEW LOCAL symbol Plotting Mode Plotting of fold line symbols Note that where folds slice through elements the actual fold line ie along element edges is shown as well as the defined fold line ie across elements The fold line symbol can be Symbol Plotting Made OFF No fold symbols are displayed j OFF CURRENT Only the current fold is displayed CURRENT 1 TO N Displays all folds up to the current fold Da ALL Displays all folds _ ALL 0 DEGREE Displays all folds perpendicular to the local X axis _ O DEGREE 90 DEGREE 90 DEGREE Displays all folds parallel to the local X axis Page 6 33 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 The following two examples show typical unfolded and folded displays of the same airbag with fold line symbols superimposed in both cases Unfolded mesh drawn in the global system showing all fold Folded mesh all folds showing fold lines superimposed lines superimposed Fold Node plotting Visualisation of fold nodes By default when you make a new fold the nodes which will be moved in the fold are highlighted This he
50. ML file is processed and the following data for any airbag models is read in REFERENCE COORDINATES COORDINATES ELEMENTS All other data for an airbag model and any non airbag models is copied to a scratch file 3 After reading the Madymo XML file the FOLD file if specified will be read in and processed 3 1 3 Reading version 6 x files with include files If the XML file you are reading contains include files a window with a tree view of the include files is shown after initially scanning the file For example the picture below shows an XML file containing 7 include files In this example the include file airbagmodule_inc xml itself contains include files Page 3 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER SSS ee el DISMISS APPLY LASER EXPAND ALL COLLAPSE ALL HIDE THUMBNAILS SELECTALL UNSELECTALL o rows in tree data H 7wmidmilestitestifolderfolderg int _testitest sml belts_inc sml M123 airbagmodule ince sml M3 E incfeoords ine sml o refceoords irc im Tnicfelems_inc xml Si inc mat_ inc aml o Tinciarbagcham ine sml i m eee Select which include files you want to read by clicking on the boxes For example in the picture below the main file and 4 include files are selected to read In this example the coordinates are in include files inc cords_inc xml and refcoords_inc xml and the elements are in inc elems_inc xml These are the only files
51. N2 N3 using N1 N2 N3 Cente coordinate a ss ion lobal cia O D Cs Ce _ coordinate jN _ node F actors Scaling using global axes Scaling using local axes There are 2 methods available for scaling the airbag The first method allows you to scale the airbag in the global axes left hand figure Different scale factors can be used for the X Y and Z directions if necessary The centre for the scaling operation can be defined as either the global origin 0 0 0 a coordinate which you can specify by typing in the X Y and Z values or a node number which you can pick or select by typing the number The second scaling method allows you to scale an airbag in directions other than the global axes by using three nodes The three nodes are used to define a local coordinate system for the scaling N1 is the origin for the local coordinate system The vector from N1 to N2 is the local x axis N3 defines another point which lies in the xy plane The 3 nodes can be typed in or picked using the popup menus As for the global scaling option the centre can be the origin a coordinate or a node Page 6 60 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 1 14 Saving and Reading FOLD SET Fold Definitions FOLD SET and FOLD definitions are written to a fold file which includes all the fold information This 1s automatically written when a MADYMO input file is written The format of these is included in the comments see a
52. R FIELD 3 NODES RIGHT FIELD 4 SHELL LEFT FIELD 5 SHELL CENTER FIELD 6 SHELL RIGHT FIELD 7 TUCK FOLD TYPE FIELD 1 gt LINE 4 Positions etc THICKNESS FIELD 2 FOLD_XPOS Page B 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 FIELD 3 FOLD_XTOL FIELD 4 INPLANE_ ANGLE LINE 5 Fold specific data FIELD 1 Factor for unused portion of spiral FIELD 2 Out of plane fold angle FIELD 3 Scale factor for fold point separation FIELD 4 Location of ZSPLIT for tuck LINE 6 Layering and align data FIELD 1 Minimum value for layer FIELD 2 Maximum value for layer FIELD 3 Tramline offset distance for align LINE 7 Reference point FIELD 1 X FIELD 2 Y FIELD 3 Z LINE 8 Local X vector FIELD 1 X FIELD 2 Y FIELD 3 Z LINE 9 Vector in X Y plane FIELD 1 X FIELD 2 Y FIELD 3 Z S FOLD 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 314 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 114 50000 0 0 0 0 0 10000000 180 0 1 0 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 2 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1729 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 114 50000 0 0 0 0 0 10000000 180 0 1 0 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 FOLD 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2343 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 0 36 750000 0 0 90 0 0 10000000 180 0 1 0 0 0 1 0000000E 20 1 0000000E 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
53. R User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 2 BLANKING Setting entity visibility The blanking menu in the Tools panel is covered in a separate section of the manual see section 4 5 for details Page 6 62 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 3 MEASURE Measuring the distance and angles between nodes and points on the screen Section 6 index Master index Faas The MEASURE command is invoked from the Ee I Toos panel at the top of the screen or from the shortcut key M There are five options 3 using Airbags Images WIE SUPe nodes and 2 using screen points which measure Blanking Entities Orient Point to The x y distance between two Point screen points P1 and P2 Hode to Node n Point The angle between vectors fia angle P1P2 and P1P3 eee Node to The x y z distance between Lip oN Node two nodes N1 and N2 sail Node The angle between vectors angle NIN2 and NIN3 Nodal The coordinate of node N1 coord Screen points are simply transient 2d locations on the display picked with the cursor They do not have any structural significance and are not part of any airbag Distances and angles computed from them are in the 2d screen x y space system In this example the user has selected two points labelled P 1 and P2 on the screen and the 2D projected vector between them is to be computed The reported distance and its orientation with respect to the model will be a function of the curre
54. SE expands the window to its full size in the case of the dialogue and graphic areas this is taken as the entire FOLDER window for other sub windows the minimum size such that no scroll bars are required MINIMISE collapses the window to a bar This will be positioned where the top right hand corner of the window was If a window has already been maximised the option to do so will be replaced by RESTORE or if minimised by EXPAND These will undo the effect of maximisation and minimisation respectively RAISE raises the window to the front of the stacking order obscuring any others LOWER lowers the window to the bottom of the stacking order allowing other to obscure it SAVE gt BITMAP saves this window and its borders as a bitmap bmp file 2 4 2 Use of Menu Tabs Docked menus appear in the Current Menu Panel and hence do not obscure the graphics area Up to eight such menus can be present concurrently these are positioned on top of one another Each menu has a corresponding tab in the Menu Tabs area and can be bought to the fore by clicking on its tab The Model menu is always present other menus are invoked by the user When eight menus are active invoking a ninth menu will cause the least recently invoked menu to be dismissed automatically 2 4 3 Iconisation of Menus Menus can be iconised by clicking Click m to restore them Alternatively a list of options is produced by clicking on the button in the top left c
55. User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 MADYMO FOLDER FOLDING AIRBAG MODELS Preamble Development status Memory requirements Output devices Revision history Text conventions used in this manual 1 Running FOLDER 1 1 Starting the code 1 2 Selecting a graphics device 1 3 If FOLDER will not start on your display 1 4 Command Line arguments 2 Using Screen Menus 2 1 Basic screen menu layout 2 2 Mouse and keyboard usage for screen menu interface 2 3 Dialogue in the screen menu interface 2 4 Window management in the screen interface 2 5 Using standard file filter boxes 2 6 Obtaining Help and advice 2 7 Error and Warning messages 2 8 Checkpoint Recovery files 3 Model manipulation 3 0 How FOLDER treats models 3 1 Model gt Read 3 2 Model gt Write 3 3 Model gt Delete 3 4 Operations on models 3 5 Viewing models 4 Model visualisation 4 0 Visualisation and labelling 4 1 Basic drawing commands LI ne HI dden line SH aded image 4 2 Data Plotting Commands CT continuous tone and SI shaded image 4 3 Controlling Model Visibility 4 4 Controlling Entity visibility and labelling 4 5 BLANKING Controlling entity visibility 4 6 Dynamic Labelling 5 Keywords 5 0 Keywords 5 1 FOLDER Keywords 6 Tools 6 0 TOOLS 6 1 AIRBAGS 6 2 BLANKING Setting entity visibility 6 3 MEASURE Measuring the distance and angles between nodes and points on the screen 6 4 ORIENT Translating rotating scaling and reflecting objects 7 Images 7 0 LASER Int
56. WHERE On THE PLOT 1 oq THE TITLE UWE GETS WITTE H igure Page 7 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 7 1 4 Orientation Orientation Landscape Setting Landscape or Portrait plot orientation _ Portrait By default plots are in Landscape orientation with the long side of the plot aligned with the long side of the paper but you can choose Portrait format instead The figure below shows examples of both landscape and portrait format plots showing how they are aligned on the paper Landscape fojmat x 2 plots ThE ST Sow eT ee of Landep and Forirat piotr shang How Hey zie onata on th paper Plot 2 Portrait format 1 x2 plot Page 7 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 7 1 5 Layout Controlling the number and layout of sub images In both landscape and portrait formats it is possible to have more than one plot on a page Various pre programmed permutations of lt x gt x lt y gt plots are available as shown here Each individual plot on a page will be referred to from now as a sub image WE Ll O O E Layout 1x1 Ba 2x2 H 3x3 EH 4x4 HH 5x5 B 6x6 HEE Figures a and b below show examples of 3x3 Landscape and 2x4 Portrait multiple plots POF i POF i Madymo FOLDER Layout 1x1 1x2 2x3 2x4 SK eS ee ee Epis HH H e EE L Ex Ah PLEOF O22 LANDSCAPE OLUT PUT igure i 5a EXAMPLE DFZ I 4P RTRAT LTP UT igure i 1 5b Page 7 5 Madymo FO
57. Z ais about vector sA lt gt s gt about vector trom WaA gt Me ESRA CENE Centre global axis coordinate node Rotation about a global axis ORIENT TYPE F Rotate Angle Centre coordinate _ node VWeobor Rotation about a vector about global ds about global Y avs Sbout global Z mas about wector lt 4 gt lt gt 22 gt about vector tram H1 gt H2 BS ee be degrees E Y es gi There are 5 different rotation options The first 3 are rotating about the global X Y or Z axis left hand figure For these options the rotation angle must be given by typing the value in the text box There are 3 possible methods for specifying the centre of rotation The centre can be the global axis about a coordinate which you can type in or about a node number which you can type in or select using the popup menu The fourth option allows you to give a vector to rotate about by typing in the X Y and Z components of the vector right hand figure The centre of the rotation can either be a coordinate or a node The fifth option rotates the airbag about a vector defined from N1 to N2 The 2 nodes can be typed in or picked using the popup menus The centre of rotation can be a coordinate N1 on the vector or another node Page 6 59 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 scaling ORIENT TYPE F scale using global XYZ axes Scale using global XY Z axes _ using Ni
58. a model and then to define the Fold Set label and title Any number of Fold Sets may exist within a model but they must have DISMISS APPLY HELP unique labels Model not yet defined Fold Set id Next free Title APPLY CANCEL Define the parent model id and also the label of this FOLD SET definition Then use APPLY to define its content Page 6 30 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Once the basic data has been defined you are NE O OARBAGS o o O xj presented with the standard selection menu AIRBAGS 7 _ x lt which will allow you to define the SETs and or PARTs and or ELEMENTs which constitute this Fold Set definition These DISMISS APPLY HELP define the nodes and elements which are to be folded maibe Curr A1 F S1 Total avail 1 COORDINATE_REF CARTESIAN which is used as the starting point for folding is set up automatically by FOLDER If this does not exist for any nodes to be folded then it is SELECT Select FOLD SET to fold Set definition panel will now be fully CREATE PE eka MEW MOLE SET Glen populated as shown in the adjacent figure You can now SELECT which definition ADD Add to current defn you want to fold aes Remove from current defn created at this stage by copying the current geometry of those nodes DELETE Delete current defn LIST List all FOLD SET defns DONE Finished this operation The definition is now complete
59. above y a wv a W Ter Er The purpose of locked blanking is to allow the user to return easily to a previous image Rev is exactly the same as keyboard shortcut R everse all above Locking does not affect blanking carried out by the main Blank Panel Quick Pick blanking or blanking from the Part Tree Page 4 21 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 4 6 Dynamic Labelling Sketching labels and associated information on the existing plot 4 6 1 Using the type Element and Node buttons in the Entities panel entities EX DISMISS UPDATE HELP Type Label Crawn Type Label Drawn ALL TYPES vixi vix aLLNopes rg e l In section 4 4 above the use of the ENTity Viewing panel to control labelling on plots was described It is also possible to label nodes and elements dynamically which means instantly on the existing image SelectELEMENTS from the left hand type column Select a category from the right hand type column This maps the labelling panel for that item type below Click on items of that type to label them immediately Page 4 22 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER LABEL VVIEW ELEMENTS selected MEMBRANE A3 M225 Elem faey ates Browse N269 N268 4 3 1 2 N267 N266 Label with Draw with Label Wa Airbag Wa Nodes This figure shows a typical dynamic labelling box for membrane elements It is updated automa
60. actor on the overall scale of the display lying in the range 0 5 to 2 0 default 1 0 Larger values make the display seem bigger to the software resulting in smaller menu panels and fonts Smaller values increase the size of menu panels buttons and fonts and can be useful for the visually impaired This factor can be especially useful on wide screen displays with very asymmetric horizontal and vertical resolutions Font size Controls the size of fonts used in the menu interface but not for graphics This works independently of the Display Factor allowing further fine tuning of the appearance of the user interface Font Typeface For most applications the default Helvetica Arial on Windows will suffice But you can also choose Times or Courier and Bold variants of all of these Brightness These affect the overall brightness and also the colour saturation of the user interface They both lie Saturation in the range 0 0 to 1 0 default 1 0 Page 2 8 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Left Handed By default FOLDER is set up for right handed usage which has influence on both mouse buttons support and the keyboard meta keys lt shift gt and lt ctrl gt The left and right meta keys have different functions during dynamic viewing see section 9 4 You can swap the handedness of mouse and or meta keys which will reverse them in the left lt gt right sense Note This swapping is local to FOLDER and
61. ads o mmes WO ENTITIES gt FA UPDA TE DISMISS HELP Type Label Drawn Type Label Drawn ALL TYPES vixi vix attnopes _ _ 10 arc _ It must be stressed that these commands only permit or deny the display of classes of information they do not control the visibility of individual items or models However they do provide one means of accessing the dynamic labelling of items see section 4 6 For example they might be used to enable the display of nodes This would permit nodes in any models to be displayed provided they were not made invisible by some other command The left hand column of the panel dictates the display of the right hand column At any one time the master category Elements will be selected from the left hand column The master category contains further child categories below them The right hand column displays the appropriate child categories for the selected master The Label columns control whether or not the items will be labelled The Drawn columns control whether or not the items will be drawn Child categories can be controlled individually in the example shown the display of mass has been turned off or all the child categories may be switched on off together by switching on off the master category or the ALL_ lt category gt row 4 4 1 Elements and nodes Structural Items Nodes are treated as a special case ALL NODES draws all nodes regardless o
62. al and other coordinates by Sx Sy Sz PROJECT project nodes to line or plane TRANS ROT _ translate and rotate in one operation Normally just the selected items are oriented by the amount specified It is also possible to INTERPOLATE movement to achieve other effects 6 4 1 TRANSLATE Shifting by H ORIENT ITEMS dx dy dz ALL NONE PR On entering TRANSLATE you must first select the objects to be FILTER KEY_IN moved then enter a global translation vector X Y Z or define a vector nl gt n2 and a distance or define a plane with 3 nodes and M1 M2 M3 a distance for normal projection ae OBJECT TYPE In the example in this figure the user has selected a PART via the menu and typed in an X Y Z distance MODEL s APPLY makes this translation actually happen A1 Thorax fe model ID 1 When a transformation is applied the image is redrawn so that you AQ Pendulum fe model ID 2 can see what the result looks like and you are given the options of accepting rejecting or repeating the transformation before it A3 Plate fe model ID 1 becomes permanent LEMENT NODE MEMBRANE INTERPOLATE is described in section 6 4 5 below Page 6 67 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Alternative ways of defining a translation distance N1 gt N2 Using the vector between two nodes Project In this method you select two nodes either by Reflect screen picking them or by typing
63. ale default or colour modes Where a file contains sub images you can swap modes between successive images In greyscale mode colour images are converted to greyscale in the following ways Lines All lines are reproduced in solid black regardless of their screen colour Shading Colour is ignored and all shading is rendered in grey tones proportional to brightness Overlay lines are drawn in black Page 7 7 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 7 2 FORMAT aserrormat mo Top margin Paper size A4 A3 or US letter Left NER Wee Right 180 x 256 mm Margin Modifying laser paper format and size on the page The FORMAT button in the laser control panel gives a special sub menu that allows you to select Margins Margins on all sides SENG Paper Size The margins will only apply to the axis of the plot that comes closest to the paper borders the other axis margins will be overridden to maintain the correct aspect ratio of plots ie no image distortion Ad 210 x 296m A 296 x 420m US 216 x 279m Tithe line 1 Tithe line 2 Fig TE Bottom margin Reset to default 7 3 Creating Encapsulated Postscript EPS files EPS format is used by many software packages to import postscript images The laser files written by FOLDER are not in EPS format but only two very simple edits at the top of the file are required to change this The first seven lines of any FOLDER laser file look like
64. and the Fold The other operations here ADD REMOVE and so on are self explanatory Fold Set definitions can be edited at will by re visiting this panel and manipulating them as required Use DONE to return to the main folding menu in order to proceed with folding e The Fold Set definition is now a permanent part of your model and will be written out as a separate fold file so that it can be re read in future FOLDER runs Note that FOLD SET is not a standard MADYMO tag and it is placed in a separate file so that it will be ignored by the MADYMO analysis code It is possible to edit the FOLD SET data in a file by hand Appendix II describes the format of this data but it is strongly recommended that you do not attempt this as the data stored is quite complex if you want to edit Fold Sets read them back into FOLDER and do the work there Also you should be very careful not separate FOLD SET definitions from their parent input files because they contain references to coordinate systems sets elements and nodes that exist uniquely within those files If you want to keep standard airbag files on the shelf make sure that they are complete with geometry and folding data kept together FOLDER will merge airbags and structural models for you Page 6 31 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 6 LOCAL SYSTEM Defining Airbag Local Axes In general it is easiest to fold a bag if it is orie
65. anel for each varies according to its context Page 4 14 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 4 3 Controlling Model Visibility Models can be enabled or disabled for display at will This is carried out by setting them to hidden or viewable hidden airbags will not be drawn by any drawing command By default an airbag is viewable when it is first read in but thereafter its visibility is controlled by the user Changing its status only takes effect the next time a drawing command is given Manipulating an airbag s status is simple Model functions Airbag No Title Thorax_fe_model ID 1 A2 Pendulum _fe_model ID 2 AS Plate_fe_model ID 1 lt spare gt lt spare gt lt spare gt lt spare gt lt spare gt Under MODEL gt LIST click on the Annn buttons in for the relevant models A depressed button green is viewable undepressed red is hidden In this example airbags and 3are viewable Setting an airbag s visibility in this way has the highest priority when determining whether something should or should not be drawn If the airbag is not viewable none of its contents will be regardless of Entity switches or Blanking However making an airbag viewable does not cause its contents to be displayed if the entity types are not visible section 4 4 or if the entities are blanked section 4 5 In addition turning off an airbag in the MODEL gt LIST menu has the effect of turning off it
66. aser file fails because the file directory refuses write permission or the disk is full you are warned and laser output is switched off You can switch laser output off and on at will in the course of assembling a file with multiple images Sub images will only be written when the laser is on Page 7 8 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 7 5 JPEG BITMAP Capturing graphics in JPEG or Bitmap formats The function is invoked by selecting the BMP JPEG from the Images option in the main menu Images BMP JPEG Postscript Copy to Clipboard File folder 0 1 jpg Format JPEG 24 bit compressed 9 Bit Compressed BMP o Bit Uncompressed BMP 24 Bit Uncompressed BMF PPh File Baa 7 5 1 CAPTURE FRAME Copying the current image to file This button captures the current screen image in the format chosen copying it to the file defined There is no need to redraw the image as would be the case with laser plotting The X x Y resolution of the image will match exactly that of the graphics window so make this the right size before you start The depth bit planes of the image will depend upon the format chosen see the notes on file formats below The image is actually regenerated to an internal buffer and captured from there rather than the screen itself so it doesn t matter if the graphics window is partially or totally obscured Page 7 9 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0
67. assed through the mid plane of another element Elements are defined as penetrating 1f a node from one element is within the thickness of another element but has not passed through the mid plane These features are very useful when adjusting the tip scale factors for thin folds As the fold tip is adjusted the display will show 1f there are any penetration problems In this way any potential penetration problems can be visualised and fixed The thickness which is used for the penetration check can be altered in the folder options see section 6 1 11 Element distortion is defined as the ratio of the current element side or diagonal length divided by the reference element side or diagonal length Therefore if an element is stretched the number will be greater than 1 If the element is shrunk the number will be less than 1 Three different contour bands are available for plotting distorted elements The ranges and the colours for each contour can be altered in the folder options see section 6 1 11 Page 6 35 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 8 SET FOLD Creating Fold Definitions Pressing SET_FOLD in the main folding _ jh a E window invokes the folding menu in the adjacent figure DISMISS APPLY HELF The fold number is adjusted by the lt gt buttons 1 gt gt Fold control and saving are controlled here i DELETE DONE Fold node distorted and crossed element eal neces Distorted Crossed plott
68. at does not now appear in the menu list Page 6 7 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Using ViS ible screen picking to select items FOLDER allows multiple menus to be active concurrently each of which may require a picking operation e g Modify Part Delete Element etc For these menus as well as selecting items from a menu you may pick them from the screen using the left mouse button When such a menu is invoked or bought to the front using the menu tabs it automatically takes control of interpretation of screen picking The user can cause any capable menu to control screen picking by clicking the white cross in the top left of the menu H ScREEN Pick AX Picked 6 MEMBRANE s A1T M96 A1 M3380 A1 M3386 A1T M380 AT M1315 A1M1277 lt undefined lt undefined lt undefined gt lt undefined gt CE Screen picking is always live in the graphics window once you have selected an object category that is capable of being picked it is not necessary to select VIS explicitly Screen picking of items can be accomplished in any of three ways Scalar picking of single items Just click on the approximate centre of the item to select it Rectangular Area picking of a Click and drag out a rectangular area Everything within the area is selected range of items Arbitrary polygon picking of a Select SCR_POLY then define an arbitrary polygon of up to 100 sides range of items Everything
69. awn Make sure the Fold type button is toggled to show the translate fold type not the null fold type or you will not see the translation You can only drag in the XY plane of the fold You can continue dragging the selection until you are satisfied You can cancel dragging at any time by pressing ABORT DRAG You can start dragging again undoing the last drag you made by pressing UNDO DRAG To finish the drag operation press APPLY DRAG The distances will be saved PICK i T R Fold Separation 1500 Toleranc SUBSET FOLDING 3 1 i SETS AND LAYERS OPTIONS LOCAL SYSTEM Hi SPLIT MESH dv oo DRAGS Fold Type Angle Direction U pD own Fold point o PICK 0 0 Fold Separation gt 1 000 Tolerance 1 000 SUBSET FOLDING 2 3 1 SETS AND LAYERS OPTIONS LOCAL SYSTEM SPLIT MESH REMESH dm 0 0 Pick H1 gt Hz dv 0 0 DRAG d 0 0 ABORT DRAGS APPLY DRAG UNDO DRAG Page 6 53 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 11 Subset Folding Subset folding can be used with thin thick version 8 0 tuck folds and align folds It can make the process of making multiple folds considerably easier Every time you do a fold a list of the nodes which are folded is saved If you now want to do a new fold in which the nodes you want to fold are a subset of the previous fold 1 e all the nodes were folded in the previous fold instead of defining a set or layers
70. bar to move just that side or on a corner bar to move both sides attached to that corner Again a rubber band outline shows you the new shape You can maximise a window using the square button at its top right and iconise it using the minimise button next to this To scroll a window If a window has become too small for its contents then horizontal and or vertical scrollbars will appear Click on a scrollbar slider and move it to the desired position the window contents will scroll as you do so Alternatively click on the arrows at either end of the scrollbar for timed motion in that direction This example shows a sub window being resized CREATE SET_NODE in model 4 Wx ABORT CREATE RESET ALL HELP CREATE sET COPY Els TING SKETCH CHECK DEFM Create SET NODE model 1 Label No NODES Title Contents ADD REMOVE EMPTY VIEVVWEDIT The user has chosen to drag the bottom right corner out The title bar is the area where in this example it shows the name of the sub window CREATE SET NODE in model 1 To dismiss a window Either press DISMISS or click the x in the top right of the window or press ESC on the keyboard 2 4 1 Popup menus for window management Clicking on the button at the top left of a window invokes the popup menu for window management Page 2 6 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER PE MAA SE MAMAS RAISE LOWE R SAWE gt BIT hA MAXIMI
71. c The complete list of object types their standard acronyms and their formal names is Object type Standard Acronym Formal name Airbag A AIRBAG Element generic EL ELEMENT Element Membrane M MEMBRANE Element Additional Mass AM ADDITIONAL MASS Element Strap S STRAP Node N NODE Set generic SET SET Set Node S_NO SET NODE Set Membrane S M SET_MEMBRANE Airbag Fold Set ORIG FOLD SET Airbag Fold defn FOLD FOLD Page A 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER W Woo APPENDIX II Fold Set tree file example The following is an Fold Set tree file example FOLD SET START 10rigami 1 1 2 xAXES 1 OPTIONS 80 2 2 2 1 2 1 4 5 6 3 7 1000000 0 11 0 9 0 0 e am am aw am aw am am am am ae ae ame List of FOLDs e am am amw am am am am am am ae ae ae LINE 1 Basic data FIELD 1 LABEL FIELD 2 TYPE 0 NULL 1 THIN 2 THICK 3 TUCK 4 SPIRAL 5 SCRUNCH 6 ALIGN FIELD 3 UPDOWN 0 UP 1 DOWN FIELD 4 RIGHTLEFT 0 RIGHT 1 LEFT FIELD 5 REFERENCE COORDINATE SET FLAG FIELD 6 LAYERS FOR TUCK FOLD FIELD 7 SUBSET FOLDING FIELD 8 CREATE ALIGN FOLD TRAM LINES LINE 2 Reference nodes FIELD 1 FOLD NODE FIELD 2 TUCK_ZSPLIT N1 FIELD 3 TUCK ZSPLIT N2 FIELD 4 LAYER ZMIN N1 FIELD 5 LAYER ZMIN N2 FIELD 6 LAYER ZMAX N1 FIELD 7 LAYER ZMAX N2 LINE 3 Sets etc FIELD 1 NODES LEFT FIELD 2 NODES CENTE
72. c value Setting the FOLD POINT and Tolerance Fold point PICK The fold point identifies an XY coordinate through which the fold line passes This can be lt defined by using PICK to screen pick a node or by typing in an explicit value which is a distance down the relevant axis For thin and tuck folds this point should lie on or be very close to a node for other fold types any reasonable location may be chosen Tolerance _ Tolerance defines the tolerance margin either side of the fold line used when searching for nodes that lie on the line You should aim to choose the smallest value that will include all nodes on the fold line 6 1 9 SETS AND LAYERS Selecting a subset of the sets ano Lavers airbag for folding By default the whole fold set is considered for folding when a fold is defined Sometimes you do not want to fold the entire airbag For example if you have done several folds already on your next fold you may only want to fold the top layer of the airbag rather than the whole airbag Sets and layers are used to select which bit of the airbag you want to fold They work in different ways Normally you will only need to use one or the other but both can be used together if needed Page 6 39 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Using Sets H irpacs I_ XI ere A set is a collection of shells from the fold set If a set is defined then rather than folding the entire fold set just the she
73. calculates a factor based on your physical screen size you can still overwrite it in this front panel May also be set interactively from the Options gt Menu Attributes pulldown window Brightness Controls screen menu colour brightness On some displays the colours in the screen menu come out garishly bright This value may be set in the range 0 0 to 1 0 to control this brightness 1 0 being light 0 0 being dark It too may be set as above with the environment variable DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS Saturation Controls screen menu colour saturation As with brightness the colour saturation of the screen menu may be set in the range 0 0 to 1 0 totally grey to fully saturated colours Again there is an environment variable DISPLAY _SATURATION which may be used to set this globally as described above User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER You may need to experiment a bit to find the right values for your particular display but once found the environment variables are probably the best way to set them There is the additional advantage that they will also apply to Oasys T HIS and D3PLOT NOTE From FOLDER version 4 0 onwards the Display Factor Font attributes and left handedness may be set interactively using the Options gt Menu Attributes pulldown menu A complete listing of all possible command line arguments and environment variables may be found in Appendix IV 1 3 If FOLDER will not start on your display On a system
74. ce value D Order The specified Order value The Order value defaults to 1 0 giving a linear interpolation but any positive value gt 0 001 is permissible and a sketch of the factor vs distance is shown in the box In the figure above 0 5 has been used Conn only Restricting movement to connected nodes only The Conn only switch limits nodes that are eligible for transformation by INTERPOLATE still further if it is switched on only those nodes which are connected via element mesh to explicitly chosen nodes as well as being within Page 6 75 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 DIstance are eligible for movement Connected in this context means that it is possible to get from the node in question to any explicitly selected node via a continuous mesh of structural elements The connection path does not have to be direct FOLDER will follow mesh of any complexity but there must not be any breaks to cross This is intended for use within very crowded areas of mesh where a purely geometrical selection of nodes for movement could lead to undesirable results by including unrelated items Warning about speed penalties Using INTERPOLATE can slow down transformations significantly particularly if large Distance values are used This is because a bucket sort for the nearest explicitly selected node is required for every candidate node within Distance of selected nodes and the number of nodes in the sort increases as
75. cessary following blanking clipping etc if any viewing command including dynamic viewing is used In other words a viewing change command is tantamount to an explicit redraw command in the current mode which would of course reflect any changes in the model geometry UPDATE LEVEL 3 Frequent updates The plot is updated immediately as at level 2 above but also following any blanking clipping etc command that would change the image if explicitly redrawn Therefore the effects of blanking etc are seen immediately Note 1The default setting is 2 on a windows device Note 2Level 3 is only recommended if you have a very fast display and or a small model since it requires frequent redraws Note 3Users with slow devices and or with large models may find that level 1 is preferable to decrease redrawing effort Page 8 16 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 8 6 Special 3D graphics driver options 3D options 30 Graphics On a 3D graphics driver special 3D only viewing options become available greyed out under 2D PZSRSUE ssi as shown here 8 6 0 Brief description of 3D vs 2D graphics In 2D mode FOLDER treats the display device as a dumb 2D device on which lines polygons and text can be drawn All coordinates are expressed in 2D integer space ie x y only and all calculation of hidden surface removal lighting etc must be done in software Dynamic viewing relies on the software recalculating and redisplaying
76. d clients can connect from any host A full explanation of networked graphics is too complex a topic for this manual if the simple remedies here don t work see your system manager or contact TASS for advice and help Page 1 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 1 4 Command Line arguments FOLDER has a range of arguments that can be added to the command line These are Setting the graphics device d lt device gt Use OpenGL 3D By default no graphics device is defined and the peur mee device selection panel is mapped 24 bit plane l X Windows graphics These options can be especially useful if you want to bypass the device selection panel and always start 8 bit plane X Windows FOLDER with a particular graphics driver graphics X24 if available otherwise X8 d default Whichever is available in the order OpenGL X24 XS Specifying full screen mode on startup maximise Normally FOLDER occupies about 70 of the display when it starts the maximise argument changes this to become the full screen Page 1 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 2 Using Screen Menus 2 1 Basic screen menu layout 2 2 Mouse and keyboard usage 2 3 Dialogue input 2 4 Window management 2 5 Using file selection boxes 2 6 Obtaining Help and Advice 2 7 Error and Warning messages 2 8 Checkpoint Recovery files Master Index 2 1 Basic screen menu layout FOLDER runs within a single window o
77. d Ea plane or along a vector proget toppene KE A project to z plane To apply the orient press APPLY You will then have the option to UNDO_ ALL if the orient OBJECT TYPE is not as you wanted it project to plane 3 nodes FARTS all Model a a a normal to plane along vector 2 nodes define projection wect mon Ta ELEMENT Fri e fl NODE Define plane by 3 nodes m n DISCRETE m n SEATBELT m n ACCELEROMETER Page 6 79 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 4 7 TRANS ROTATE translate and rotate The Translate rotate function requires the user to define a base triad and a target triad Rotate Project Trans rot prescribing the X vector Ox and a third node lying in the Dismiss XY plane Oy The appropriate Y and Z vectors are then aes mas found Translate amp Rotate no object defined A translation vector of base origin node to target origin node and a set of rotations base triad to target triad have now Define base triad by 3 nodes been established Each is defined by an origin node O a second node mn This translation and rotation will then be applied to the select Pick O Me Pick Ox m n Fick Oy m n ORENT MEMS Define target triad by 3 node ALL NONE Pick O o ARTERI Vhs REY oN Pick Ox mn ALAS eds RESTART Pick Gy m n MODEL Page 6 80 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 7 I
78. d position is reached then release it The image or a subset of it if it is large will move across the screen and then be redrawn at the new position Accept transformation Unda Reject transtormation Current angles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Use APPLY to make the change permanent or UNDO to reject it and return it to how it was before Using CANCEL also implicitly rejects any dragged rotations Dragging can only take place about one axis at a time the Deg of F default being X as shown here The reason being that dragged rotations take place about a global axis regardless Vector sY of the current view and it becomes very difficult to see what rotations are implied by a drag if rotations about 2 or more axes are permitted Lserthe cursor to drag the selected items then APPLY or UMOO to accept or reject the new shape Page 6 71 Madymo FOLDER 6 4 3 REFLECT Reflect about an axis With COPY REFLECT off Reflections take place about one of the global X Y or Z axes about a plane at a specified distance down that axis To use it Select the objects to reflect Pick an axis X axis Z axis Define a distance or use PICK to use a nodal coordinate to define the reflection plane distance Use APPLY to make the reflection happen As before the image is drawn showing the new configuration and you can accept reject or repeat the transformation Page 6 72 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Crient
79. der folder4 inc _testtes Data File aarte tere aaa tees Data File Masele te Se alee Data File epieetel te ate Data File tee stein Page 3 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER For example if you do not want to overwrite the file Kadel functions airbagmodule_inc xml change the name in the box or press ar oo to select a new file write Delete The background colour will change to blue to indicate that you are no longer overwriting the original O Apply Once you are happy with all the file names pressing Apply will write the files File format Bee oe Fold File todertolderd inc _testtest fold Bees eee tolderstolder4 inc _testtest aml Data File Eigar aLa a ate A Data File atetieete te E a A Data File Wane de c a an Data File DAA A 3 3 Model gt Delete This option will DELETE ALL of the airbag models that are currently defined in FOLDER f In addition to deleting the airbags within FOLDER this option Head write Delete List will also delete the scratch file containing unprocessed items that was created when the MADYMO input file was read in O Apply This will delete ALL Airbags Model functions Select APPLY ta Continue Page 3 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 3 4 Operations on models Once in memory models can be drawn they can also be translated rotated reflected and scaled via the ORIENT command M
80. des at any time By default this is done automatically but if this is turned off with the folder options this button can be used DISTORTED Redraws the distorted elements at any time By default this is done automatically but if this is turned off with the folder options this button can be used to plot the distorted elements CROSSED Redraws any crossed elements By default this is done automatically but if this is turned off with the folder options this button can be used selecting the current fold type The Fold Type popup button controls the current fold type which will be one of Null fold Thin fold Thick fold Tuck fold Spiral fold Scrunch fold Align fold Scale fold Translate fold Star fold Circular fold In this example a thin fold is current but the type can be changed dynamically by simply selecting a new type with the popup menu More information about each fold type is given below in section 6 1 10 Star and circular folds are unavailable from this menu These are selected to be created from the initial airbag start up screen For more information on these types see Creating and Folding a new airbag The fold type button will toggle between the currently selected fold type and a null fold Madymo FOLDER Fold nodes a E E E FF Fold type Mull fold aS sd Ll al il ED t er Page 6 37 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Settin
81. e The current magnification scale The current perspective distance Up to 100 such views may be stored and retrieved at will from a file and any number of such files may exist A view is given a name and number when it is stored and these are used when retrieving it Views are stored parametrically What this means is that views are not tied to a particular model they will work for any model of similar dimensions So if you are working on a set of variants of an analysis you can share the views on file between them this is why they are stored in a separate model independent file It is only when the shape and or size of a model differs wildly from the original from which the view was created that this shareability fails Using views FOLDER always has a current view definition This dictates how the image will appear when a drawing command is issued You can save the current view to file at any time Likewise you can retrieve a stored view to replace the current one at any time The current view only exists in memory and changing it has no influence on any views stored on file Indeed you don t need to have a stored view file the default is none Managing views Viewing When you press the Views button you get the View Management panel shown in figure 8 5 1 a Store The controls are described below Page 8 12 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 5 1 1 STORE Storing the current view on file vi
82. e oo The left hand figure shows the initial window when you enter the positioning section As there are no orientations the top row of buttons are greyed out As orientations are defined these buttons can be used to move backwards and forwards through the orientations in exactly the same way as folds in the SET FOLD menu The DONE button will return to the main folding window To create a new orientation the CREATE NEW ORIENT button can be used The default new orientation type is a translation right hand figure At any time an orientation can be deleted by using the DELETE THIS ORIENT button Once the necessary values have been given for the Scns orientation for example the translation distance the orientation can be Translate applied by using APPLY THIS ORIENT Once applied the button will change to UNDO THIS ORIENT This button can be used to continually toggle between the unapplied and applied view of the orientation Three different orientations are available translation rotation and scaling To change an orientation type use the top row of buttons lt lt gt gt to ORIENT TYFE F select the orientation number to change and then use the ORIENT TYPE popup menu figure on right and choose either TRANSLATE ROTATE or SCALE The different options for translation rotation and scaling are described in the following sections Rotate Scale Page 6 58 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER
83. e already exists you will be queried to check that you genuinely want to overwrite it you cannot append to existing laser files The default naming convention used by FOLDER for laser files is postNNN ps where NNN is a3 digit number with leading zeros if required in the range 001 999 Any existing files are skipped when the next file in the sequence is computed Page 7 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 1 1 3 Defining a label and figure Title demonstration tithe number for laser plots Fig No By default laser files are not labelled and have no figure number but you may add either or both of these They are always put at the bottom of the page along the short edge regardless of the orientation used for plots The adjacent shows the standard locations for title and figure number on laser plots The title may be up to 80 characters long and is split over two lines if necessary by FOLDER The figure number may be any string not just a number and is preceded by the word figure It is suggested that it is 6 characters or less long here 12a was used This plot is written in landscape format and reinforces the point that the title and figure number always go at the bottom of the paper regardless of the orientation of the plot contents The tithe and fig ure number aways evan when the plot amp onented a mi cL d B E S d c Ti gri In andscape mode CERO STR ATION OF
84. e between layers If more precise control over the selection of elements for this fold is options O TIONS needed then the advanced set selection option in SETS AND LAYERS can be used to select the portion of the airbag to be folded The unfolded set Peeves is used only to determine clearances in this fold type SPLIT MESH REMESH Angle Page 6 45 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Tuck Fold A thin fold tucked into the mesh centre Tuck fold The material is folded inside the outer layers to form a tuck Up and Down have no meaning here TR The tuck fold is also common in airbags _e OOOOH F LD1 TUSK The adjacent figure shows the tuck fold creation Fold Type Angle Direction Up Down Fold point panel In version 8 0 a second tuck fold algorithm has been Pi F added This is not meant to replace the version 7 1 a oo oo tuck fold as there will be situations when the version 7 1 fold will perform better than the version 8 0 tuck Fold Separation oa00 Tolerance oao o s fold However the new version 8 0 tuck fold will perform much better in situations where two tuck folds interfere with each other To illustrate the point the next two figures show an cross section through an airbag with 2 interfering tuck folds one from each side of the bag folded with the version 7 1 wk OO SETS AND LAYERS fold and the version 8 0 tuck folds LOCAL SYSTEM SYSTEM IGNORE OTHER TUC
85. e them only if you can t use JPEG format Portable Pixmap PPM Internally this is very similar to uncompressed bitmap format It is readable by many Unix based packages but it offers no visual advantages over BMP files and like them is inferior to JPEG format The filename is automatically given the correct extension for its type Although you can change these extensions it is recommended that you do not as doing so is likely to confuse Windows applications 7 5 3 INFO Further online help about formats This gives an online help message explaining what the various formats are 7 5 4 Capturing the contents of menu windows The IMAGES command only captures the contents of the graphics window To copy any other window on the menu interface to a bitmap file use the SAVE gt BITMAP option in the popup menu belonging to the button at its top left corner See section 2 4 1 This distinction is required because the menu windows are typically running in X11 window manager overlay planes whereas the graphics window may be X11 or OpenGL and is generally located in the screen s image planes Trying to capture an image which is a composite of different windows bit plane depths physical location in the hardware and graphics type is possible but difficult Page 7 10 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 7 5 5 Capturing the contents of all the FOLDER windows If you want to grab an image of the whole FOLDER w
86. ed but not recommended M1 M2 M3 as they reflect coordinates but Opti ons not topology see the notes above on REFLECT OBJECT TYPE RESTART CENTRE Defining a central coordinate to scale about Instead of typing in a coordinate you can use CENTRE to define a node whose coordinate will be used as the centre of scaling Page 6 74 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER DRAG Dragging with the cursor Project As an alternative to specifying scale factors you can drag Reflect Trans rot the objects scales with respect to the defined centre using the DRAG option shown in this figure Drag Screen drag with cursor Place the cursor anywhere on the graphics screen press the Aan E T left mouse button and keeping it depressed move it until the ah i aaa a desired size is reached then release it The image or a lala E subset of it if it is large will expand or contract on the screen and then be redrawn at the new position Current scales 1 000 1 000 1 000 Use APPLY to make the change permanent or UNDO to reject it and return it to how it was before Using CANCEL cel T a a also implicitly rejects any dragged rotations Dragged scaling can take place using any combination of Deg of F XYZ Z axis factors and by default the factors about each axis are computed independently from the cursor movement Vector av User the cursor to drag the selected items then in that axis a
87. ed to suppress backing store redraws true or false false PRIMER_NO_PBUFFER for the OpenGL graphics window Should be used on OpenGL X graphics combinations only if you receive errors starting GLX and then only after consultation with Oasys DISPLAY_SATURATION DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS DISPLAY_FACTOR overlay default lt visual id gt in hex overlay Hem oooO SAVE_UNDER This flag was introduced to fix a specific bug on true or false true Compaq Alpha OSF4 x operating systems Normally the window manager requests a redraw of windows that have been updated even when they are currently obscured by something else However the OSF4 window manager series failed to do this leading to bare patches underneath popup menus when these were unmapped Setting this flag to false results in more redraws on these systems since it suppresses the default save under property of X11 windows but it does at least prevent windows getting bare areas Compaq have fixed the bug in OSF5 and possibly in later releases of OSF4 Re jab Ga O J U Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 CP_FILE_FILTER Used during checkpoint file replay to override true or false false any file and pathname stored in the checkpoint file bringing up the file filter instead This allows checkpoint files to be replayed on different systems The following controls the display of on line manual pages on Unix systems only Windows sys
88. efined and the power u device selection panel is mapped 24 bit plane l l X Windows graphics These options can be especially useful if you want to bypass the device selection panel and always start 8 bit plane X Windows FOLDER with a particular graphics driver graphics X24 if available otherwise X8 d default Whichever is available in the order OpenGL X24 X8 Specifying full screen mode on startup maximise Normally FOLDER occupies about 70 of the display when it starts the maximise argument changes this to become the full screen Environment variables that affect FOLDER Environment variables can be used to influence the behaviour of FOLDER Unix Linux systems running C shell bin csh or its derivatives such as bin tcsh The format of the command is setenv lt parameter gt lt argument list gt For example setenv DISPLAY my_machine 0 setenv SM USE VISUAL default setenv DISPLAY FACTOR 1 2 Unix Linux systems running Bourne bin sh or Korn bin ksh shells The format of the command is lt parameter gt lt argument list gt export lt parameter gt For example DISPLAY my_machine 0 export DISPLAY SM_USE_VISUAL default export SM_USE_VISUAL DISPLAY_FACTOR 1 2 export DISPLAY_FACTOR Page D 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Windows systems Choose the System panel El My Computer Control Panel System On Windows NT On Windows 2000 XP
89. el zoom in factor 2 0 Boom out factor U 45 T Tidy all windows C Close all windows I Iconise Deiconise windows L Line mode plot H Hidden mode plot S Shaded mode plot The following are pre programmed views 1 HY VLew D EY yew eo 8 View bo YZ View 3 H View T ES view 4 4I50 view g TS0 view Shortcut keys are effective when the mouse is in any FOLDER window except the dialogue box in the latter they are interpreted as normal text input to the command line interpreter 2 3 Dialogue in the screen menu interface The dialogue box is used for listing messages warnings and errors to the screen It can be scrolled back and forth its buffer is 200 lines long to review earlier messages The following colours are used Normal messages and prompts Yellow Warning messages and Error messages Red Page 2 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 2 4 Window management in the screen interface Menus in FOLDER are either docked appear in a fixed size and position in the Current Menu Panel or floating can be moved and resized Moving resizing and scrolling of windows is based on the conventions used in the Motif Window Manager To move a window floating menus only Click down on its title bar then drag the window to where you want it to be A rubber band outline moves to show the window s current position To resize a window floating menus only Click on a border
90. elease 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The importance of closing files While a file is still current it is still connected to the programme and at least some of its contents will still be held in system buffers If you want to send it to a printer you must close it first using a CLOSE_FILE command This flushes any remaining data to disk and disconnects the file from the programme 7 1 6 DOUBLE EXPOSE Postscript x Laser switch Ott on By default a sub image is automatically closed when another plotting command is issued By using the DOUBLE Flot 1 offile post003 9s open EXPOSE two or more screen images may be sent to the same laser plot CLOSE FILE Figures a e show the use of the DOUBLE EXPOSE button to produce a final image composed of 3 exposures Exposure 1 a and exposure 2 b are combined together to form c Exposure 3 d is then added to form the completed Mode Orientation image e Colour Landscape Greyscale Portrait Reverse By Normal Reversed Format 1 1 7 Reverse BW metales Ei _ Normal Reversing Black and White mo By default black and white are reversed in laser plots Reversed mode This means that the white lines and black background on the screen come out as black lines on a white background in laser plots To inhibit reversal set this switch to Normal mode 7 1 8 Mode VEE Colour Setting colour or greyscale output Greyscale Laser files can be created either in greysc
91. elements Page 4 8 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Von Mises Strain Contours of Von Mises strain in elements CT plot of maximum principal strains F Fila Keweards Tools Dimis imager Viewing p orma Hlart i PSHT T i ELEM TIMESTEP bii 124 56 160 24 a e Fa egi Ji 347 0 Me oF x 1 0E 06 _ Here is the same image displayed from 2 different angles in SI mode to show how lighting can be integrated with contouring to give a better idea of shape Page 4 9 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Here is the Settings panel for maximum principal strain plotting Page 4 10 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER H Element Strain Settings W Element Strain Settings B _Ix DISMISS UPDATE HELP Element Strain Plotting Strain Contour Level settings Min value Max value AUTO AUTO Elems below min Elems above max Not Drawn Not Drawn Drawn Wireframe Drawn VWireframe Drawn Hidden Drawn Hidden Drawn Normally Drawn Normally Uncale d Elems Not Drawn Drawn Wireframe Drawn Hidden i Drawn Normally IE The Settings panel allows you to change how the elements are plotted You can set maximum and minimum values for the component and change how elements that fall outside the range are plotted if you set a maximum or minimum value The Levels panel allows you to change how many contour bands are displayed In
92. elements node sets ART nrbs the other for all other types HEL id ooh DSI ELEMENT ER E E HODE SOLID Notes on REFLECT At present reflection may only take place about global axes IMPORTANT A reflection is NOT the same as a rotation by 180 degrees or a scale by a negative factor Reflection not only moves coordinates but also reverses the topology ordering of elements with 3 or more nodes so as to preserve their local axis systems and ve volume in the case of 3D elements Whereas rotation by 180 degree or negative scaling just moves the coordinates So although the results may look similar they can have different properties use what is appropriate for your purpose Page 6 73 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 4 4 SCALE GP Orient Scale by Sx Sy SZ Project Rotate Translate Help Reflect Scale Trans rot Sa You can scale objects by independent factors about each of the x y z axes To do this Apply SCALE 1 AIRBAG 5 Select objects as before e Define the coordinate Cent re 0 0 0 0 0 0 to scale about Define the factors for each of the x y z axes e Use APPLY to make it Factors 1 0 1 0 1 0 happen As before the image is drawn ORIENTITEMS J showing the new ORIENT ITEMS configuration and you can accept reject or repeat the Interpolate ALL NONE Prd transformation FILTER KEY IN Note that negative factors are Drag _ allow
93. es exist then it will automatically be selected If the user wishes to use a different FOLD file or does not want to read a FOLD file then the FOLD file name can still be modified or deleted 3 1 1 Reading version 5 4 files When the user selects Apply the following actions take place 1 For version 5 4 files the MADY MO data file is scanned to see if it contains any airbag models If the file does not contain any airbag models a warning message is generated The user is then given the chance to select another data file Ze The MADYMO data file is processed and the following data for any airbag models is read in REFERENCE COORDINATES COORDINATES ELEMENTS STRAPS All other data for an airbag model and any non airbag models is copied to a scratch file gt After reading the Madymo data file the FOLD file if specified will be read in and processed 4 After reading the FOLD file a check will be carried out and if there are any airbag models that do not have at least one FOLD SET defined then a default FOLD SET containing the complete model will be created 3 1 2 Reading version 6 x files When the user selects Scan the following actions take place L Folder scans the XML file to look for include files If there are no include files or if you are reading a single include file the file is processed see 2 If there are include files then a tree is displayed to allow the user to select which files to read see next section 2 The MADYMO X
94. esh There are several parts to this so it has been split up into several sections Mesh orientation airbag reference geometry and main orient command this section Airbag folding summary Creating a fold set definition Creating a local coordinate system Plotting modes Using the main folding panel Creating a new fold Fold types Subset folding Options available in the airbag folder Positioning the fold set Saving reading fold set and fold definitions Tips and notes for successful folding Folding example Suitable initial orientation of the mesh The ideal way to fold an airbag is to define the unfolded airbag in the X Y plane fold it and then orient it in space with respect to the vehicle space If it is not defined topologically to be in the X Y plane it would be sensible for the user to define a local co ordinate system such that the local system is planar with the airbag see Section 6 1 6 When folding then takes place it will visually appear to be in the global X Y plane On exiting the airbag folder the bag will return to the global space However it is strongly recommended that folding should start with the initial geometry in the global X Y plane as this will reduce the chances of confusion about where the geometry actually is and make life simpler How the COORDINATE_REF CARTESIAN interacts with folding The COORDINATE_REF CARTESIAN definition is also crucial to folding as it is used as the basis for all
95. eviously created a mesh independent fold set you can return to the mesh independent folder by selecting the fold set In the screenshot on the right another option USE ORIG is available For each Teta idl mesh independent fold set that exists an option will be shown mB te a fe 1 iL SWOLIL Me A fold set will only be shown if ALL the folds in it are mesh independent folds If it is not shown it is because one or more folds have been done in the normal airbag folder In this case to be able to return to the mesh independent folder these folds would need to be deleted USE M1 Origami 1 ORIG Meshtree origami 1 USE M41 Origami 1 ORIG Meshtree origami 1 Page 6 23 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Performing mesh independent folding If the airbag has been created for mesh independent folding or imported the SPLIT MESH and REMESH buttons will be available in the main folding window Mesh independent folding is available for the following fold types Thin folds Tuck folds Thick folds Spiral folds Other fold types are incompatible with mesh free folding and are not allowed as the airbag is remeshed after each fold the fold definitions would change To perform a mesh independent fold select the fold type position angle etc as normal In the example a thin fold will be performed Set the tramline size and element size to the required values in the options panel Press SPLIT MESH BBS SEES
96. ews j You are presented with the STORE view menu showing views 1 to 100 and you must choose which one this view is to be stored as ST RE wiew 1 Top Wier Views currently in 3 Hotin use use are red with a their current names shown unused views are green and marked lt Not in use gt 5 Hotin uset Once you have defined the view number then give a name A default name of View lt n gt is provided but any name is valid Madymo FOLDER Viewing View management Hew name wj Py E Up to 100 views can be stored in a file and views can be overwritten at will If no explicit file has been opened the default file plot view is opened automatically and used 8 5 1 2 GET Retrieving a view from file You can only retrieve from file views that already exist You are presented with the GET view menu of stored views and must pick one In this example three views are available The attributes of the stored view are converted from parametric form to your model s coordinate system and then become the current view See E VIEWS F Cancel GET vier d Top Wiew If the UPDATE LEVEL is 2 or above see section 9 5 3 then the view takes effect immediately otherwise it becomes effective the next time you issue a drawing command 8 5 1 3 RENAME Renaming stored views j VIEWS _ You can rename any stored view Cancel Select a view from the RENAME view menu
97. ext image In figure 7 1 5 c icon 3 is blue since this plot has already been written to and is classified as open as shown in the message area How sub image status affects the destination of graphics L If no graphics have been written to a sub image then the next plotting command will send laser output to the sub image currently selected By default this will be the lowest numbered sub image that has not yet been written to but you can choose another as described above 2e Once graphics have been sent to the sub image its status changes to open This means that it can receive further graphics for example from Annotate operations 3 If a new plotting command is issued the currently open sub image is closed and becomes inactive It can not receive any more graphics from any source and the next free file sub image is selected for output see section 7 1 6 on how to send more than one picture to the same sub image Interaction between sub images and files A file with only a single image in it is treated in exactly the same way as an individual sub image above except that it is Gmplicitly always selected for plotting until something is drawn in it A file with sub images remains current ie open until all of the sub images in it have been closed or the user closes it prematurely with a CLOSE_FILE command Then FOLDER defaults to the next default filename as defined in section 7 1 2 above Page 7 6 User manual R
98. f attachments Page 4 17 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 draws only nodes attached to some other items currently displayed draws only nodes that are not attached to anything visible or not Associated data Local direction are drawn for element types with coordinate systems 4 4 2 How labelling on plots is handled for nodes and elements The default label is a node or element number but a variable amount of information can be generated to form a label which can run to multiple lines as this example shows This figure shows an example of shells which have been labelled with LABEL Mnnn for Membrane lt nnn gt FOLDER attempts to group labels logically and to locate them so that they don t overlap but if you try to add too much information you will end up with a total mess on the page For example two categories of data labelled on elements is the sensible maximum and even it starts to get messy when label numbers get large gt 5 digits Labelling uses the standard acronyms for entities these are listed in Appendix 1 The attached nodes in this figure have also been switched on these are drawn as asterisks at the relevant element vertices Page 4 18 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 4 5 BLANKING Controlling entity visibility ts Airbags Images Blanking Entities Orient Blanking allows the user to cut down what is displayed by controlling whether individual items a
99. faces of 3D elements are removed when graphics are in 2D mode but not in 3D mode This figure shows an example of a line mode plot of two round airbags above a flat airbag Note that no hidden surface removal has been carried out E Bl Hidden line mode HI also draws element borders but this time with hidden surfaces removed Back face removal is implicit in this This figure shows an example of a hidden line plot with the same model as above It is now obvious that the hidden surfaces and lines have been removed and it is easy to tell that the round airbag lies above the flat airbag Page 4 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER EL anes o y O Hidden surface removal requires more computation than a simple line mode plot so it will be slower to generate Most displays with 3D graphics protocols have a hardware Z buffer which makes this process faster but even so complex images may take an appreciable time to draw For this reason the dynamic viewing modes which permit real time manipulation of the view have a facility to drop back to line mode or even free edge mode while the image is being moved reverting to the normal display mode when the motion is complete See section 8 4 for a description of how to do this Shaded SH mode also performs hidden surface removal but this time the surfaces of 2D and 3D elements are shaded and lit in the appropr
100. folding operations If no such definition exists when folding starts then FOLDER will automatically copy the nodal coordinates in their current configuration into the reference geometry Any existing reference geometry for a node will not be over written This is not a wholly satisfactory solution as an initial reference geometry which gives a satisfactory element shape for stress calculation during analysis may not prove an ideal starting point for folding operations typically where a 3D bag needs to be split into several 2D panels for folding and then reassembled In this situation it may be necessary to save the true reference geometry for analysis in a separate file delete it from the input deck used for folding in FOLDER so that a more satisfactory geometry can be used for folding each panel then re introduce it prior to analysis This is not a wholly satisfactory state of affairs and the geometrical basis for folding may in future be changed to be independent of the reference geometry Interaction between the ORIENT command and folding Both ORIENT and folding act to change the current coordinates of nodes and the order in which they are applied is important since the most recently used will win in determining the final position of nodes This is important since folding is always based on the reference geometry which is unaffected by orientation commands whereas ORIENT always operates on the current ie as folded geometry If yo
101. formed by drawing the constituents of a set LIST Listing set summaries A summary of the selected sets is listed to the screen CHECK Check sets for errors The selected sets are processed through the standard checking routines and the results summarised to the screen RENUMBER Renumber set labels The standard item renumbering panel is mapped for the chosen model and any or all labels can be changed To change a single set label it may be easier just to MODIFY it Visualising Sets Sets are not drawn explicitly rather they are displayed by drawing their constituent parts elements nodes and segments They may be SKETCHed via the commands above and in most contexts within FOLDER where sets are used it is possible to sketch them via their daisy chain popup menus Page 5 11 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Page 5 12 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 Tools This section describes the operations available in FOLDER to manipulate data os Airbags 5 Measure lanking Entities Orient Master Index 6 0 TOOLS Operations and selecting entities 6 0 1 Operational hierarchy 6 0 2 Selecting entities Select selection below for more details Page 6 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 0 1 Operational Hierarchy Section 6 index Master Index Operations in FOLDER act internally using a hierarchy of entity types and it is important that you appreciate how
102. g the Fold Angle Angle Fold angle F The Angle popup button can be used to select the angle of the fold In this diagram the Mee current fold angle is 90 The popup contains default fold angles of 0 45 90 and 135 Most folds will take place in either the X 0 or Y 90 directions but if necessary you can use Custom angle to set the fold to an arbitrary angle If a new fold angle is chosen the graphic on the Angle button will be updated so you can easily see the angle of the current fold 90 deg Custom angle Defining an arbitrary XY fold angle using Custom angle The adjacent figure shows the box after pressing Flap aroase HIX Custom angle This allows the user to define an arbitrary fold line DISMISS APPLY HELP The angle may be selected in either of the following ways Inplane Angle Selection PICK LINE Calculates a line and hence an angle from two screen picked nodes CHANGE Angle Accepts a typed in angle which may also be modified by 0 90 90 90 E 90 a0 20 To accept the current definition press CHANGE which will return to the fold definition menu Setting the Fold Direction As well as setting the fold angle the direction in which the fold is done needs tobe Angle Direction Up Down set In the adjacent figure the fold angle is set to 45 you can tell this because of the angle of the yellow line The graphic shown for the direction of the fold i
103. ght to left The fold point is defined by selecting a node using the FOLD_POINT button By default the folder chooses all of the airbag to the right of the fold line As this is what we want this is OK high 5 0mm so you can see the tuck fold In reality the separation would be much smaller probably the same order as Figure A3 2 shows a side view of the airbag after the tuck fold In this example the fold separation has been set very the fabric thickness S ae N o O H EH A o amp ON Q N N N O D gt ap or oN i amp D H Page C 1 The second fold is defined in exactly the same way except that the direction is from left to right and the fold point is at 114 5 By default the folder chooses all of the airbag to the left of the fold line which is what is required Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 C O gt 1 HEEE A side view after FOLD 2 is shown in Figure A3 3 As the two tuck folds interfere with each other the first tuck fold has been moved so that no penetrations occur As the fold separation is very large this effect has been exagerated In reality the amount would be much smaller Folds 3 to 5 will show how you can use subset folding to quickly fold an airbag Fold 3 is a thin fold We want to fold it in the y direction so a 90 fold angle needs to be selected Figure A3 4 shows the airbag after
104. gn fold With the tramlines option set the adjacent nodes are a fixed distance from the fold line Compare the above pictures to the ones with the tramlines option not set Scale Fold Scale Told The scale fold is used for shrinking or Fold Type Angle Direction Up Down Fold point enlarging parts of the fold set r f f F P F The scaling is done in the local co ordinate EE lt a system of the fold NOT the global co ordinate system Fold Separation gt 40000 Tolerance To help you visualise the local co ordinate SUBSET FOLDING system the axis triad is drawn on the airbag I 3 1 i The nodes elements that you want to scale are selected in the normal way using sets and CETS AND LAYERS layers as required OPTIONS You can give separate scale factors for the X al Y and Z axes of the fold LOCAL SYSTEM SPLIT MESH edje REMESH Y scale 2 scale Page 6 51 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Examples of scale fold The yellow portion of the airbag has been selected using the sets and layers option the fold nodes are shown highlighted by yellow stars The local co ordinate system is shown on the diagram In this example the fold point is at the default 0 position In this example the fold point has been moved to the top left of the yellow portion by PICKing a new fold point In this example the fold coordinate system has been changed by using the LOCAL SYSTEM function
105. he ts a r 4 Ty ae k p a Pa i in nN a ya i ae a Bt r r 7 n a r re ar gi i a a Fa m F ig S a ta al 4 i ann m r a z a F a i 7 m pe g a i 7 F u a a s mi ie k k s 4 d Fa r k F F i i a ie P J F i 4 k eg r F i i F F T i k s i r F My n 4 7 F r 1 4 W Thn t ka 4 Me ig i Fs J a 1 i a a F 4 1 1 7 Se r i n a f i k 4 1 a i J 4 a he F i m i i i a a i 1 i i gn f 1 v pe 7 m i e r a i 7 k p ns ey a 1 am ma g a 4 1 a ss a je ba j My a a p im n 7 in ii gA a a 7 ol a a s i _ 3 an ai a Thay _ te os se ew i a ipga i ks T _ S Ean s pe i i a i a te pme a _ A n e i i n a n m aN EN am ya mm p i E p p _ Page 6 78 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 4 6 PROJECT project to a line or plane The projection option operates on the nodes of the items of Orient gt selected through the object menu Project The project to line operation will move them to the nearest lt a point on the defined line Reflect Projection to plane can use either a global plane defined by Apply PROJECT 1 PARTCS a single coordinate or a node pick or an arbitrary plane l n defined by 3 nodes Projection may be done normal to the project to line ORIENT ITEMS E project to x plane ALL NONE PF
106. his can generally be done If the fold is a 180 fold then if you try to fold multiple layers which are thick a point is reached when the fold cannot be done without stretching any elements If the thickness is less than this then the stretching will be eliminated If the thickness is more than this then the stretching will be reduced as much as possible Page 6 57 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 13 Positioning Folded Airbags Once the airbag has been folded it can be positioned where you want it by using the POSITION FOLDED BAG option The reason for using this rather than the normal ORIENT option in FOLDER is so that you do not lose the orientations if you refold the airbag The orientations are created and viewed just like folds so you can create delete or edit any orientation They are cumulative transformations on the folded airbag For example if you define a translation and then a rotation first the translation will be applied and then the rotation so the order of the orientations is important Ho aes AIRBAGS x DISMISS APPLY HELP on DISMISS APPLY HELP CREATE NEW ORIENT DELETE THIS ORIENT 2 J APPLY THIS ORIENT DONE i CREATE HEW ORIENT DELETE THIS ORIENT APPLY THIS ORIENT DONE ORIENT TYPE F Translate gt gt along global axis along global Y axis along global Z axis along wector eA2 lt gt lt 2 Miu Wf along vector from Md gt N2 Distanc
107. iate colours This figure shows an example of a shaded image plot Lighting and hidden surface removal have both been applied and the element borders have been overlaid on the resulting plot Page 4 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 EES anes O L As with hidden line plots 3D devices with hardware assistance will generally produce these images much faster than the software alone 2D method but in either mode computation time will be longer and the ability to drop back to line or free edge mode during dynamic viewing also applies Shaded Line and Hidden plots may also be invoked with the shortcut keys S L and H 4 1 1 OPTIONS Controlling plot parameters Options gives user control over a number of graphical features Page 4 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER DEENA ilar ax Window Dressing SH C T SI Overlay colour E Date _ No overlay Graticule Free edges show grid _ Feature lines _ All edges Window Controls the display of the plot border and display of the current date Dressing The GRATICULE is tick marks around the edge of the plot which show the current window dimensions useful for estimating distances on the screen although MEASURE provides a more accurate method If the graticule is on then you can also join up the tick marks with SHOW GRID SH CT SI The element border overlay for SH aded plots and also the contoured CT continuous t
108. ill give a matt dull appearance high values a shiny one Saturation This controls the depth of colour in the range pure colour to grey Page 4 7 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 4 2 Data Plotting Commands CT continuous tone and SI shaded image Max Principal Strain Each command has a popup menu that gives some or all of the following options Data component Max principal strain etc Listings Written output of displayed data For example lists of maximum principal strains sorted into ascending order Settings Unique panels for each data component that control what is drawn and how it is displayed Levels Control and display of the number of contour levels LONTOUR PLOTS Max Principal strain Min Principal strain Von Mises Strain Listings i Settings Max Principal Strain 4 2 2 CT and SI plots CT continuous tone and SI shaded image plotting modes both display the same data but the former is unlit whereas the latter is shaded Both modes are used primarily to display data for 2D and 3D elements so the underlying plotting mode is always hidden surface with fill Current data components available are LONTOUR PLOTS Max Principal strain Min Principal strain Von Mises Strain Max Principal Strain Settings Max Principal Strain Contours of maximum principal strain in elements Min Principal Strain Contours of minimum principal strain in
109. images quickly In 3D mode much more intelligence is available in the graphics driver and much of the effort of computing images can be shifted from the software to the hardware In particular Graphics coordinates exist in 3D x y z space and the hardware does the transformation and projection onto the 2D screen The software only has to provide the raw coordinates for an image once and thereafter to change the view only a new scale centre and rotation matrix The hardware can compute shading lighting and hidden surface removal So again the software only needs to provide raw coordinates topology light source data etc and then just ask the hardware to render it The hardware can provide functions such as Z clipping that are not available in software So 3D devices especially those with hardware acceleration give much faster graphics However there are also drawbacks to using 3D graphics more memory is required since the full scene has to be sent to the driver using x y z floating point coordinates In addition laser plots cannot be generated by the 3D driver so the capability to switch temporarily back to 2D mode has to be preserved Therefore there are options to control aspects of 3D graphics and also the ability to switch back and forth between 3D and 2D modes 8 6 1 Switching between 3D and 2D modes 3D Graphics 2D Graphics You can switch explicitly between 2D and 3D modes using the 3D Graphics and 2D Gra
110. in the screen Z axis By default they are set just outside the Z limits of the structure shown as green lines in the projection box so that no clipping takes place but you can move them shown as blue lines in the box using the following mouse and keyboard meta key combination lt right shift gt lt left mouse gt Moves the near clipping plane Cursor symbol is lt right shift gt lt right mouse gt Moves the far clipping plane Cursor symbol is lt right shift gt lt mid mouse gt Moves the both clipping planes IN IN IN NI Ni NI IN INUINI Cursor symbol is In all cases moving the mouse up moves the plane s away from you and down moves towards you This is a form of dynamic viewing the planes move and the image gets updated as the cursor moves It is recommended that you turn the SHOW_PRO OJ switch described above on as this will enable you to see the planes moving in the projection box To reset the planes to their default positions use the Reset Z clip NEAR and FAR buttons This will reset them to their initial positions shown by the blue lines in the projection box Page 8 19 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Page 8 20 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER APPENDICES I Standard object Names and Acronyms II Fold Set tree file structure II Airbag Folding Example IV Summary of command line and Environment Variable settings Page A 1 Madymo FOLDER
111. indow contents graphics menus the lot then On Windows platforms Use lt Alt gt lt Print Screen gt with the mouse inside the FOLDER window This will place the image in the Windows paste buffer It can then be pasted into other applications On Unix platforms Use xwd out lt filename gt and click inside the FOLDER window This will create and xwd format file which can be used elsewhere Some Unix platforms may have other non standard screen grabbing software If some windows appear to have the wrong colours this will be because the X visuals in the various windows are different which is invariably the case when OpenGL graphics are used and this has confused the screen grabbing programme To fix this Set the SM_USE_VISUAL environment variable to default eg setenv SM_USE_VISUAL default Select device XMENU when starting FOLDER see section 1 2 and choose the visual marked default These two actions will force both menus and graphics to be drawn in the default visual of the window manager which will maximise your chance of getting a sensible screen grab However the graphics window will be using X11 2D rather than OpenGL 3D graphics and the resulting image may be inferior 7 5 6 PRINT Windows only E o ae 4 On Windows platforms only the graphics window image may be sent directly to a pial heeds printer using FILE gt Print and FILE gt Page Setup Read These map the
112. ing SET_FOLD using subset folding sets POSITION FOLDED BAG FOLDER OPTIONS and layers as appropriate sind POSITION FOLDED BAG Fold nodes Distorted Crossed Exit airbag folder by pressing APPLY Note that other methods of E a Te ST exiting from this model will lose t t bee current fold definitions e Save the model to disk Fold Plotting Mode Symbol Platting Mode _ IEW UNFOLDED ele MO IEW 1 TO CURRENT YEN ALL FOLDS _ i1TOWN Airbag Plotting Mod ae oe On Oe 9 9 J O DEGREE _ VIEW GLOBAL _ 90 DEGREE VIEW LOCAL Page 6 28 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 1 5 Define Fold Set Selecting or creating a FOLD SET Definition Before you can fold anything you must Di xj have a current FOLD SET definition AIRBAGS f _ x lt DEFINE FOLD SET in the main folding screen above gives the Fold Set L definition menu above left In this DISMISS APPLY HELP example there are no existing definitions so it is necessary to eer one No ORIGAMI definitions exist yet SELECT Select FOLD SET to fold Create new FOLD SET defn ADD Add to current defn REMOVE Remove from current defn DELETE Delete current defn LIST List all FOLD SET defns DONE Finished this operation Page 6 29 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 A FOLD SET definition can only exist in a AIRBAGS s xj single model so the first phase of creation is Sj AIRBAGS Ei _ x to select
113. ing buttons ae eee The current fold type null thin etc fold angle a fold direction fold orientation and fold location Fold Type Angle Direction UpD own Fold point t Fe t A g E F F F Z The default fold thickness and tolerance are set BERTO aT A here Fold Separation F 000 Tolerance joo Subset folding button SUBSET FOLDING 3 4 Sets and layers section 6 1 10 SETS AND LAYERS Airbag folder options amp opuons OPTIONS Local coordinate systems LOCAL SYSTEM Mesh independent folding SPLIT MESH REMESH selecting the current fold number ee The currently active fold is set via the buttons or text box in this region In the figure above fold zero 1s shown which implies the whole fold set and which allows you to set values for the whole airbag Once finite fold ids in this example 3 are shown then operations apply to that fold only DELETE MEW DONE DELETE Deletes the current fold definition All folds above this one have their number decremented by one Controlling fold progress DONE Finishes the folding process and returns the user to the main FOLDING menu NEW Creates a new fold If used in the middle of a sequence a new fold is inserted between the previous and next folds and all folds above this point have their number incremented by one Page 6 36 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Viewing fold node and element information FOLD NODES Redraws the fold no
114. ion to selected options Current Menu Panel Displays the menu for the option currently selected by the menu tabs Dialogue amp list Allows command line input and output also provides a listing area for messages Viewing and Drawing Commands provides all aspects of view control direction perspective scale etc and Page 2 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER contains the drawing commands and their settings While you are free to re position these master windows it is recommended that you keep to this default layout This is because when further sub windows appear their position and size is designed assuming this layout and aims to obscure as little useful information as possible The TIDY command in the Viewing and Drawing box will restore the screen layout to this default state 2 2 Mouse and keyboard usage for screen menu interface Most screen menu operations are driven with the left mouse button only but there are exceptions Popup menus are invoked with the right mouse button those in the Top menus Tools and Keywords areas can also be invoked with the left mouse button Text in the dialogue area and text boxes requires keyboard entry Text strings saved in the cursor cut buffer may be pasted into dialogue areas and text boxes using the middle mouse button Dynamic viewing lt meta key gt lt mouse button gt uses the three mouse buttons to distinguish different modes
115. ipping aM algorithm op ees BOL ne T To see the missing elements you need to issue an explicit drawing command at the new scale to recalculate the clipping and send more elements to the 3D graphics driver Page 8 18 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER l 8 6 2 2 SHOW_PROdJ Showing the viewing frustrum On 3D devices it is possible to show the current viewing frustrum at the bottom left corner of the plot by turning SHOW _PROJ on This shows the information in figure 8 6 2 2 a copy of figure 8 1 b The frustrum shown here assumes perspective projection IClick here to view as pdf The Z clipping plane locations are E u shown when SHOW _PROJ is on Wear Z dipping Far zZ clipeing and this can be very helpful when ERES pane 30 oly piane 3D only using Z clipping as otherwise it is easy to lose the clipping planes ayse The default near and far plane positions are drawn in green and the plane locations in blue So you can visualise movement relative to initial locations Dime e e e e e be e a a a a a a e a e e y sete i 1 4 m eee ee e ee a m l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l a a4 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Pers ve dsan 8 6 2 3 Using the Z clipping plane The Z clipping planes are shown in figure 8 6 2 2 There are two planes a near and a far one which the hardware uses to clip the image
116. is applied after any system user interface configuration So if you configure your computer to swap mouse buttons globally then swap them here the net effect will be to have unswapped buttons again saving Menu Attributes settings The attributes above may be saved by using Save_Settings Subsequent sessions of FOLDER will pick these up and re apply them For backwards compatibility these attributes may also be set using environment variables as described in Appendix IV Where conflicting settings exist those generated by the panel above will win 2 5 Using standard file filter boxes Wherever FOLDER requires you to enter a filename you will be presented with a text box into which to type it However to the right of this text box you will also see a button with an image of a yellow folder which may be used to invoke a standard file filter box The appearance of this is operating system dependent 2 5 1 Standard X11 Motif file filter box J File selector_popup Filter fmilest test folder folder4_test_files xml Directories Files 4 test_files a thorax airbag gf xml 4 te St filesi a thorax airbag initialmesh inc xml a thorax airbag pendulummesh_inc xml a thorax airbag platemesh_inc xml a thorax airbag relaxedmesh_inc xml E ae ai a an Selection fmilest test folder folder4d_test_files OK Filter Cancel Help Page 2 9 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2
117. is created When ON All the items owned by the set are recursively marked for copying This can select a considerable number of items use with care MODIFY Modifying sets The set modification panel is identical to the CREATE one except that it will already be populated when Page 5 10 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER entered and usage is exactly the same DELETE Deleting sets The selected sets and possibly their contents are marked for deletion What is actually deleted and whether deletion of the set actually takes place depends on the following switches DELETE RECURSIVE Whether or not items owned by sets are marked for deletion When OFF Only the set itself is so marked its contents are not affected When ON The contents and anything they own are also marked for deletion REMOVE FROM_SETS Whether flagged items can be removed from other sets When OFF Items marked recursively will not be deleted if they are referred to by other sets But that won t stop this set being deleted When ON Items will be removed from any other sets in which they are referred to Deletion can only take place if the items referred to are not referenced elsewhere in the model So deleting a set may fail if it is still in use somewhere even though its contents may have been deleted leaving it empty SKETCH Sketching sets The selected sets will be sketched on the current graphics image Sketching is per
118. l Release 4 0 June 2006 5 Keywords 5 0 Introduction to Keyword Operations 5 0 1 Standard Keyword top level menu options 5 0 2 Standard static header for Create and Edit 5 0 3 Standard renumbering menu 5 1 FOLDER Keywords SET Set processing of Node etc types Master Index Oasys Madymo FOLDER Page 5 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 5 0 Keywords FOLDER allows you to create modify list and delete the constituent parts of an input deck and this is done by object category ie Keyword 5 0 1 Standard Keyword top level menu options 5 0 2 Standard static header for Create and Edit 5 0 3 Standard renumbering menu Master Index Section 5 Index Keywords are chosen from the KEYWORDS menu which contains all major keywords Once an item has been selected the top level menu panel for that item will be invoked see section 5 0 1 below Keywords NODE SETS MEMBRANE SET There is no limit to the number of different keyword manipulation windows that can be current at any time for example you can edit concurrently as many NODE SETs as you like Keywords present in the MADYMO manual but not in FOLDER s Keyword panel cannot be viewed or edited in FOLDER However they are stored in temporary scratch files so no valid MADY MO data is lost Page 5 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 5 0 1 Standard Keyword top level menu options Most of the KEYWORD o
119. le are translation rotation and scaling Each ORIENT contains The orient number and type translate rotate or scale Geometrical data location distance angle Optional nodes for special cases A FOLD SET definition may contain any number of folds and orients and a model may contain any number of FOLD SETS Elements and nodes may be referenced in more than one FOLD SET but this would not normally be sensible as the different fold operations might conflict remember that a node can only have one current coordinate Page 6 13 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Creating and folding a new airbag AIRBAGS x from scratch Dismiss PENT At present the following types of airbag mesh can be Select star mesh parameters created A circular folded airbag The airbag is compressed bere wien Oak O22 radially To enable this the excess fabric forms folds A star folded airbag This is formed identically to the F circular bag but an extra operation is performed The z airbag is pushed inwards at various points forming a 7 A star shape i F The star fold panel is shown in the figure to the right This panel allows you to define the parameters which will be used to generate the mesh for the airbag The parameters that can be changed are No of The number of points on the star fold F points 1 r No of The number of out of plane folds which ae folds are done v Pi Element The optim
120. ll follow the mouse across the screen stopping when you Drag Screen drag with cursor release the mouse button Accept transformation Then use APPLY to accept the transformation or UNDO to eee reject it and restore the status quo ante Reject transformation Drags take place in the plane of the screen so the actual Curentvector 46 59 10 74 9615 x y z vector will depend on the current view It is strongly recommended that you use one of the XY Z options to limit object motion to either a plane or a single vector ser the cursor to drag the selected items then APPLY or UNDO to accept or rejectthe new shape Page 6 69 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 4 2 ROTATE lt Rotating by x y z S o Rotate eh pala Reflect Scale Trans rot Sketch The objects to be rotated The centre about which Apply ROTATE 2 AIRBAG S to rotate either the rotation ve angles Centre 0 0 0 0 0 0 GLOBAL_ option or a single angle and a local axis about_vector_option Global SJ ORENT TEMS _ about vector lt x y z gt ALL NONE Prd _ about vector n1 gt n2 EILTER KEY IN Local axis of rotation may be defined by a vector lt x y z gt or two nodes When these have been entered press APPLY to make them take effect As with TRANSLATE when the rotation is applied the image is redrawn so that you can see what the result looks like and you are given the options of accepting
121. lls in the set Set selection RESET TO WHOLE ORIGAMI will be considered for folding The set could contain a single shell from the fold set or it Basic select CREATE NEW SET could contain the whole fold set Ad d select There are two methods for selecting sets E eS es QUICK SHELL SET Basic select and Advanced select It is strongly recommended that you use Basic FICK EXISTING SET select as this is much simpler If this cannot do what you need which is unlikely then use the Advanced select option Current selection The sets works by using sets of shells These can be created inside the airbag folder or if 2602 shells set 502 your model contains sets already they are available for use To pick an existing set use 2729 nodes set 502 the PICK EXISTING SET button You can then choose from the list of available sets Layer selection H1 Hz Foint To see the current set selection you can use the SKETCH button This will sketch which aden E apepee sUeoeTer shells are in the set on the graphics window You can reset the selection to the whole fold set by pressing RESET TO WHOLE Lower znone gt none 1 000e 020 ORIGAMI To create a new set you can use CREATE NEW SET This will start the standard set creation panel Once the set has been created it will automatically be chosen for folding Alternately you may use QUICK SHELL SET to create the set at highest label 1 It is important to realise
122. low The observer s your eye point is located at the vertex of a rectangular section frustrum with the object some distance away in the ve Z screen space system The screen image is a 2D projection of what the eye sees the sides of the frustrum clip the view to the left right and bottom top edges of the screen Chyjecl cente pane w Hear 2 dipeing pane 30 ely Far Z clipping pane 30 only Perspective daan It is important to note the following L Rotation of the image always takes place about the point that is the XY centre of the screen in screen space coordinates at the object centre plane which gives the screen Z location Thus in the example above roughly at the O of Object 2 The example above implies a perspective projection In fact FOLDER defaults to a parallel orthographic projection in which the sides of the frustrum are parallel and perspective is irrelevant Nevertheless the object Page 8 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER centre plane is still significant since this still gives the screen Z coordinate about which rotations take place You can turn perspective on off and alter its distance at will 3 You can change the scale Zoom in out of your image This effectively changes the angle of view of the frustrum above zooming in makes it narrower zooming out wider But note that this does not change your distance from the object changing the scale is like putting a len
123. lps to show if you have the correct nodes selected for the fold For example the next 2 figures show which nodes will be folded in a 0 or 90 fold Det taeiaa f T a a I bi mi re iH of ti i a ma im TE TE a a i e ok F Fold nodes shown for a 0 fold from right to left Fold nodes shown for a 90 fold from top to bottom Changing any fold parameter such as the fold point fold direction fold angle automatically updates the display Page 6 34 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER mogu Ta LRI 90 fold after changing fold point 90 fold after applying thin fold Automatically drawing the fold nodes can be turned off by using the folder options see section 6 1 11 At any time the fold nodes can be redrawn by using the FOLD NODES button Crossed and distorted element plotting Distorted Crossed O E By default when doing a fold elements which are distorted in the folding process and elements which have penetrations or are crossed are highlighted on the fold set Just as with the fold nodes in the previous section when any fold parameters are changed the display is automatically updated Automatically drawing of crossed penetrating and distorted elements can be turned off by using the folder options see section 6 1 11 At any time the elements can be redrawn by using pressing the DISTORTED and CROSSED buttons Elements are crossed when a node from one element has p
124. lso Appendix II When read back into FOLDER these definitions are available to the airbag folder To stop any FOLD SET FOLD and ORIENT definitions from being output the FOLD SET definitions must be deleted Although the FOLD SET FOLD and ORIENT definitions are available in ASCII form in this file it is recommended that hand editing be avoided as it is error prone to modify fold and orient definitions read them back into FOLDER Note also that FOLD SET definitions should not be separated from their parent input decks since they make reference to nodes sets and coordinate systems within those decks 6 1 15 Additional Airbag Folding Notes The following will help users to fold airbags successfully For thin and tuck folds make sure that mesh lines follow fold lines exactly or at least within Tolerance To improve accuracy of these folds it is usually important that the mesh lines adjacent to a fold line are also straight and have a constant spacing perpendicular to the fold from the fold mesh line This is not so critical for other fold types If your mesh lines do not follow the fold lines exactly this can easily be fixed by using an ALIGN fold Be sure that the airbag does not have any cuts it should be a closed surface Circular holes are not a problem but there may be computational problems if there any internal free edges Thick folds and spiral folds can result in penetrations between shells on different laye
125. lt device gt command line argument This will bypass the device selection panel above See Command Line Arguments below for more details The other command options on this panel are FONTS TTY HELP STOP Allows you to choose font typefaces style and size May also be set interactively from the Options gt Menu Attributes pulldown window Invokes text only mode with no graphics or menus Gives online advice about using this panel Stops the FOLDER session There are also three settings that control the appearance of the screen menu interface but not the graphical images of your model These are Scale Page 1 2 Controls the effective scale of the display used for the menu interface The menu system for FOLDER was designed for a high resolution 1280 x 1024 display of at least 17 size On smaller screens and or lower resolution displays it can be a bit over sized leading to some panels being too small for their contents The scale value can be used to factor the physical size of the display values greater than 1 0 will make it appear to be larger so text and buttons will shrink making more of them fit into panels This variable may also be set using the environment variable DISPLAY_FACTOR Valid settings being a number in the range 0 5 to 2 0 or the word automatic For example setenv DISPLAY_FACTOR 1 2 C shell syntax DISPLAY FACTOR automatic export DISPLAY FACTOR Bourne shell The automatic setting
126. mages Graphics in FOLDER can be captured and copied to file in two ways By Laser plotting generating a Postscript file using the POSTSCRIPT command Sections 8 0 to 8 4 below By a screen grab generating Bitmap or JPEG files using the BMP JPEG command in Section 8 5 onwards Both of these commands are found under the IMAGES button Images BMP JPEG Postscript Copy to Clipboard Postscript laser files from FOLDER are generated in a vector fashion in which the lines polygons text etc which make up the image are converted to the Postscript language A lot of control over formatting margins and the number of plots on a page is provided and the Postscript language itself is amenable to further editing in packages outside FOLDER Generating a laser plot requires an explicit drawing command to generate the graphics vectors in the file Bitmap and JPEG files are raster formats captured directly from the screen image pixels The size of these plots is determined by the graphics window resolution and no margins or other formatting controls are provided JPEG is the preferred format since it gives good image quality combined with small file size however bitmap formats may be useful for packages which cannot process JPEG files Since these files are captured from the current image no explicit drawing command needs to be issued 7 0 LASER Introduction to laser plotting 7 1 Using the Laser Control panel 7 2 Changing paper si
127. n element stretching option As these options could change the way an existing fold set is refolded there is an option to say 1f your fold set will be folded using version 7 1 techniques or version 8 0 techniques By default any new fold set you define will be a version 8 0 fold set and you will have access to these new functions If you read in an old fold set version 7 1 and before the fold set version is set to be 7 1 A warning will be output when you first select the fold set to say that you are using an old fold set The reason a warning is given is to bring to your attention that if you change the fold set to be version 8 0 the folds may change If you have a previously correlated airbag then leave the version at 7 1 and the folds will not be changed You will not be able to use the new functions until the fold set is changed to be version 8 0 Page 6 56 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER The final button on the panel is used to try to stop stretching of elements during folding This only applies to thin folds By default elements will be stretched as the centre plane of the elements which are being folded is placed at the fold point Elements on one side of the plane will get smaller elements on the other side of the plane will get larger If the button is pressed then the folder will attempt to stop any elements from stretching To do this the fold point has to be moved slightly For folds which are less than 180 t
128. ncrements of magnification and reduction of viewing scale Also a single click on a function button will deliver a single instance of that function but holding the button down will after an initial delay see Settings cause it to repeat its function at a pre defined rate 8 3 1 Rotation functions TAY OANGE a v r The arrow buttons have the following meanings Rotates about x axis gt Rotates about y axis wre about z axis Each click generates an increment of rotation about the relevant axis or if held down continuous rotation daa The sign of the rotation is intuitive for system rotations for example gt gives clockwise ve rotation 8 3 2 Translation functions gt The Translation functions are very similar to the rotation ones translation defaults to screen space and uses a similar system of arrow buttons A lt gt 8 3 3 Magnification functions The Magnification function is very simple Increases the size of the image by the pre defined increment Decreases it by the same increment The image is scaled about the current window centre Page 8 7 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 3 4 Setting attributes In each case the the option Settings in the Viewing menu gives access to further options which allow you to modify the pre defined settings angular increments time delays etc Rotation Trans Magnit Time Angle Delta Factor Delay the the ha
129. nt scratch definition for errors Remember All Create and on functions always take place on a scratch copy of the current definition if any No changes are made to the permanent database until the CREATE or UPDATE buttons are used Page 5 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 5 0 3 Standard category renumbering panel Wherever a RENUMBER option is available for an item category this will invoke the standard renumbering panel for that item a Eix ABORT RENUMBER RESET ALL UPDATE L4SBELS LABEL Renumber model 1 SET NODE s Total 4 HELP List of Labels Range to renumber Curr label New label ALL items From 1 J _ item range To A Set initial value nitaiveiue D Inter label spacing 2 z df Arbitrary Sequential Fixed gaps Gap size lt a gt Label clash checks No checks Mogel ig e Ea Check with ltem type lt a gt Page 5 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 5 1 FOLDER Keywords SET Set processing of Node etc types Page 5 6 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER SET Defining Sets Top level menu The SET keyword is used to define groups of items that can be used in many different Create contexts Valid set types are Copy Edit SET_MEMBRANE Delete _NODE ieualisati Each set type has its own numbering sequence thus you can safely have SET_NODE 1 Visualisation SET_ MEMBRANE 1 etc This figure shows the common top
130. nt transformation matrix Therefore point based measurement should be used when projected distances are required For true 3D model space measurement it is better to use nodes Page 6 63 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 3 1 Point to Point Measures the projected 2D distance between two screen points Foint to Point Foint angle Hode to Node Select two points with the mouse and the vector and x y i components of the distance between them is reported in were NA He screen space units z Mode angle Ha l I T est ber H1 Point 1 Point 2 Distances Vector 6 3 2 Point angle Point angle measurement computes the angle between the vectors P1P2 and P1P3 Node to Node The angle is computed in the 2D screen plane and reported in degrees 77 Point 1 1 30 2046 Point 2 149 5245 217 4055 Point 3 105 2339 210 4678 Angle 47 9804 Page 6 64 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 3 3 Node to Node Node to node measurement computes the vector between nodes N1 and N2 and reports it as model space x y z and magnitude components Point to Paint Nodes may either be screen picked or have their label typed in or use the standard popup options As in this example nodes need not be in the same airbag _ Mode angle Na eT Nabe Distance 2 207407 0 692262 0 6 46921 Yector 2421660 6 3 4 Node angle Node angle measure compu
131. nted initially in the global X Y plane However if it is already in a vehicle this is unlikely to be the case The user can therefore move the bag to a more convenient folding position This is done by pressing LOCAL SYSTEM which will invoke the menu shown on the right The user should then define the local X Y plane referred to as the fold set local system by selecting three nodes N1 defines the local axis origin N2 defines the local x axis N3 defines another point in the X Y plane Alternatively you can type in the local axis vectors which FOLDER will normalise for you If this option is invoked when the current fold number is non zero see Section 6 1 8 the user can define a local axis system that affects the current fold only referred to as the fold local system Otherwise it applies to the Fold Set definition as a whole Page 6 32 PE AIRBAGS x DISMISS APPLY HELF Select Local System CANCEL Taed User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 1 7 Plotting Modes You can exercise control over how the Fold Set definition is drawn and annotated in a variety of ways The following buttons are on the main folding window Fold Plotting Mode Fold Plotting Mlode VIEW UNFOLDED displays FOLD SET without applying the folds to the displayed geometry VIEW UNFOLDED VIEW 1 TON displays the FOLD SET folded up to the current fold see Section VIEW 4 TON 6 1 9 excluding any other folds po E
132. odels may also be deleted and their contents edited in a variety of ways These and other operations are described elsewhere in the manual 3 5 Viewing models Models become visible as soon as they have been read in The default action when an airbag is input is to calculate its max min dimensions then to display it autoscaled if necessary in the current plotting mode There are a range of commands which affect what is visible how it is drawn and what labelling takes place These are described in section 4 but a summary 1s Model visibility is controlled globally via the Annn buttons under MODEL gt LIST When depressed green a model is potentially available for viewing when up red the model is removed from the view list Classes of entity eg Shells Membranes straps etc may be made visible and optionally labelled using the Entity Visibility controls These flag an entity class for display and or labelling across all models This panel can be accessed by the shortcut key E the top bar menu DISPLAY gt ENTITIES or the button ENT from the viewing drawing window Any item or range of items can be made visible or invisible using the BLANK command Blanking may be applied in a hierarchical fashion to models or subsets thereof down to individual items See Section 4 5 for more information on Blanking Basic drawing itself takes place in one of three modes Line Wireframe with no hidden surface removal
133. ometries At present this is limited to a star folded or a circular folded airbag In future releases this functionality will be further enhanced During folding the airbag can be checked for distorted elements and initial penetrations Once folded the airbag it can be positioned If you are starting from an existing mesh then each airbag must be a subset of only one model Airbags usually consist of shell elements only and other element types should be avoided The airbag start up screen allows you to choose one of ss as 3 possible modes 1 Selecting FOLD EXISTING MESH will start the Dismiss APPLY airbag folding process with an existing mesh new star or circular fold To select whether to create a star fold or circular fold use the new mesh type popu box i FOLD EXISTING MESH 3 MESH INDEPENDENT FOLDING allows you to create a circular airbag or import a mesh that is CREATE STAR MESH suitable for mesh independent folding Hew mesh type Star mesh MESH INDEPENDENT FOLDING Stat mesh independent folding by importing mesh fram an existing model Definitions FOLD SETs FOLDs and ORIENTs This section defines some of the terms which are used in the airbag folder The use of the term Airbag has the potential to cause some confusion The actual AIRBAG card in MADYMO consists of the surface of an airbag and the physical properties gas thermodynamics of the inflator The
134. omplicated it can take some time If the Options for highlighting crossed elements delay when folding is unacceptably slow then these features can be turned off by using the Turn Use button Crossed elements a off option If this is done then you will not be able nee to plot the distorted or crossed elements until one Pae e Fenetrating elements O F of the other options is chosen again _ Turn off Options for highlighting distorted elements Use button 4 000 2 006 Always highlight Turn off 0 900 Folding options Origami version eal If possible mowe the nodes on the foldline so that elements do not get stretched when they are folded Element size Tramline size For each type of entity e g Foldline nodes you can also choose the colour that the entity is drawn in Oo y or if it drawn at all by using the popup menus Each popup menu brings up a selection of colours to choose Select colour The colour popup allows you to choose from 15 basic colours The cross at the bottom right of the E E panel the X button stops the entity being drawn completely E g in the above figure element distortion between 0 9 and 1 1 will not be highlighted E F The element thickness which is used for checking penetration can be altered by typing in a new thickness in the text box The ranges for distorted elements can similarly be changed by typing new values in the text boxes Version 8 0 has some new fold options such as a new tuck fold algorithm and a
135. on stage will be skipped Ale Pendulum fe mo del ID 2 5 0 2 Standard static header for CREATE and EDIT functions The Create Edit panels for Keywords differ in detail but share a common layout of the static functions at their top Page 5 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 This example is taken from a Set Node editing panel but the top ABORT_MODIFY RESTORE_ORIGINAL HELP buttons are the same in all cases i UPDATE SET LOPY EXISTING SKETCH VIEW_XREFS CHECK_DEFN The standard buttons act as follows Note that some have vary between Create and Edit modes whereas others are common to Both ABORT_item Both Terminates the current operation leaving the permanent definition unchanged edit case or undefined create case RESET ALL Create Resets the definition to null canceling any entries made so far RESTORE_ORIGINAL Edit Restores the original unedited definition copied from the permanent definition overwriting any changes made so far CREATE_item Create Creates a permanent entry from the scratch definition UPDATE_item j Overwrites the old permanent definition with the revised entries from the scratch definition Cony EKETE EXISTING Both Copies entries from an existing definition into this one superseding any entries or changes made so far arene Sketches the currently defined scratch definition on top of the current graphics image CHECK_DEFN Checks the curre
136. one and SI Overlay shaded image is separately controllable Its colour may be set via the popup menu to a fixed colour or to entity colours n The edging mode may be set to none free edges feature lines or all edges Free edges are defined where an element edge is not connected to any other element of the same type or where the part ids of the elements at an edge differ Therefore a topological plot of the boundaries of mesh zones is produced Feature lines are a superset of free edge mode in which the angle between adjacent elements is considered Where Page 4 5 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 this angle is greater than the Edge angle defined above then a feature line edge is defined and this is added logically ORed to the free edges The effect is to give a better idea of the shape of the mesh than is available from free edges alone 4 1 2 COLOUR Setting item colours in plots All options in this panel have popup menus giving a range of colours with the current selection being shown Colour a x tem Properties Reset all Colour all by y Fixed Colours Background a Nodes Screen Text Not bg Sketched items tem Labels a Background Sets the background colour of the graphics window Default black Screen Text Sets the colour for title date contour bar values etc Default white Page 4 6 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER
137. options The Special 3D options panel is shown in figure 8 6 2 Sof clip These options are described below Showy proj Reset clip pty 8 6 2 1 Soft clip Clipping graphics outside the current screen window If you are dealing with a very large model but are only looking at a small part of it the 3D graphics driver can work unnecessarily slowly in its default mode of operation This is because the whole model is sent to and manipulated by the graphics driver despite the fact that you are only looking at a small part of it in anticipation of your wanting to zoom out to see the whole of it If you turn Soft Clip on and redraw the image the graphics will run faster This is because the software has clipped ie removed those parts of the image not visible in the current window before sending it to the 3D graphics driver so the 3D driver has to process fewer graphics entities However this also means that if you zoom out those parts of the image outside the previous window will not be there This is illustrated in figure 8 6 2 1 a and b In this example the user has zoomed in on the Click here to view as pdf neck and upper chest ara eos oo Ae Saori aco EE region of a side impact Snore out rms dummy left hand maa mmi a image and then zoomed a h Th i y LEL if Meet out to what should show i fan baraa ant E ppa mmm the full dummy This rg exposes the jagged edges eee left by the 3D cl
138. orner Pressing I will iconise all windows or if restore them all if they are all already iconised Tidy All Minimise All Tidy Restore All Close All In the Viewing and Drawing Commands box the Tidy menu invoked by right clicking presents several options for handling menus Tidy All iconises all floating menus and positions them in the top left of the graphics area left clicking on Tidy invokes this function Minimise All iconises the menus but does not move them Restore All and Close All restore and close all floating menus respectively 2 4 4 Customising the User Interface 2 4 4 1 Customising Menu size fonts colour and handedness As described in section 1 2 the scale of the menu interface the font typeface and size and also the left handedness of the menu interface may be customised interactively using Options gt Menu Attributes Page 2 7 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Images Wiewing Options Window size Menu attributes l l Gives the menu attributes panel Menu Attributes amx HELP Dismiss Display Factor 0 5 larger 2 0 smaller Helvetica Font size Menu brightness 0 0 1 0 Saturation Menu saturation 0 0 1 0 Left handed Lett handed support anapa lett and right Small Default Large BE Mone Mouse mouse buttons andor Shift amp ctr eshift and lt ctrl gt keys of all of these o Al Display Factor Is a f
139. pes to operate upon FILTER VIS KEY_IN M1 M2 M3 RESTART The list of categories available will depend on the operation being carried out its context and airbag contents LEMENT MEMBRANE ee Page 6 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Selection of objects from the menu list oRIENTITems Once an object category has been selected you are presented with a list of ALL NONE y possible choices In this case there are two airbags each with several parts FILTER KEY_IN Objects can be selected or deselected by clicking on them again at will M1 M2 M3 You can select all the objects shown with ALL or deselect them all with NONE Note that ALL amp NONE only de select what is shown in the OBJECT TYPE menu for reasons that will become apparent below PART s A1 A3 a Page 6 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Using FILTER to limit what appears in the FILTER ITEMS menu DISMISS HELP Where the list of objects is short this method of selection presents no problems But in some cases the list may be hundreds or even Filter PART defns thousands of items long and a method of cutting down what is Resetal displayed is required This is provided by the FILTER button at the top of this box By Model At This allows you to control what is displayed in the selection menu ARIS by providing a series of tests against objects are compared before By
140. phics buttons Some other graphics options also cause a switch On a 3D graphics driver the default mode is 3D but certain graphics operations will switch the mode back to 2D These are Switching on dithered shading mode continues until you switch it back explicitly Plotting with laser output turned on 2D mode is only transient during the course of the plotting operation it is switched back to 3D automatically after each plot There are other circumstances when you might also want to switch explicitly to 2D mode When producing LC line contour plots the result in 3D mode can be a bit patchy with contour lines dropping in and out of view This is a function of the Z buffering in hardware and software 2D images look much better When using the OPACITY switch for contact surface and beam plotting This works after a fashion when in 3D mode but the transparent structure overlay does not use proper hidden surface removal The results are better in 2D mode where more control is available in the software When animating large models The amount of data stored for a 2D animation can be far less than for 3D and can get round memory shortage problems However you would do better to use the X Windows driver in this situation Page 8 17 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 6 2 3D OPTS Further 3D options The 3D_OPTS button gives a control panel for further 3D options ViEWIF q Special 30
141. plit the top surface to match Page 6 19 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Bottom surface of airbag Top surface of airbag We have now eliminated the holes on the bottom surface so this airbag mesh can be used Note that there would still be a problem if we were going to fold the airbag along the dashed line In this case the fold line cuts the part in more than one place so will cause problems If folds such as this are not going to be done the mesh is suitable Page 6 20 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Selecting fixed points for mesh independent folding Once the parts have been selected folder needs to eM know about the fixed points on the mesh The fixed points are required so that folder can ismiss atte hal remesh the parts in the airbag as a folding is done For example to remesh the simple airbag shown in 2e eci ked poine owalbag ier example 1 above folder would need to know that the corners of the square are fixed in space and so cannot be moved All the other nodes on the boundary of the parts can be moved without changing the airbag shape O DEA wo ADD NODES WITH ANGLE lt The 4 corner nodes must be selected as fixed points If no fixed points are selected folder does not know which nodes are essential and so cannot remesh the airbag as folding is done ADD NODES WITH ANGLE can be used to add nodes on the boundaries of parts which have an angle less than
142. ptions have a set of standard options The exact contents may vary slightly with context but the basic functionality is the same in all cases ee ee rs MODIFY SET NODE nothing defined the same for any item type Currently Modify is the selected option Selecting any of the other buttons will switch to that option These standard operations options are CREATE Create a new item COPY Copy existing items Tn C MODIFY Edit modify an existing BC FEF item ALL NONE PRal DELETE Delete one or more existing FILTER VIS KEY items SKETCH Sketch existing items on top of the current image LIST List a summary of the contents of existing items Ali NOs a3 No 7 CHECK Check items for errors 142 Nodes RENUMBER Change the labels of items Not all options will be available in all contexts for example CREATE and MODIFY will not be available where specific editing creation functions do not yet exist in FOLDER Operations requiring an explicit Parent airbag id _ If you have more than one airbag in memory and the operation in question requires an explicit parent airbag id then you will be forced to select an ALL NONE mel Ka airbag prior to the operation taking place For example when you CREATE an element it must exist in one airbag only so in the multiple airbag case you will be asked to select which airbag to use Mi If only one model is current it will be used automatically and this selecti
143. r back to this default In this example the upper layer is 1 0e 20 and the lower layer is 0 3 so anything which is less than Z 0 3 will not be considered for folding Page 6 41 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Airbag Folder options OPTIONS Various options can be set for the folder See section 6 1 11 Subset Folding SUBSET FOLDING 3 L Subset folding can be used to quickly create folds See section 6 1 10 Fold Creation The following process should be followed to create folds Create a NEW fold By default a point point at 0 and left right folding is done 2 Fold angle Set the fold angle by using the popup button to choose one of the preset angles or a custom angle As you change the angle the highlighted nodes on the screen change 3 Fold direction Decide on whether material is being folded in the forward or reverse direction As you change the direction the highlighted nodes on the screen will change accordingly Decide on whether folded material should finish above or below unfolded material The top of the bag is defined as being in the direction of increasing Z 4 Select material to be folded if necessary ie define Upper or Lower layers and or a set in the SETS AND LAYERS menu As you change the layer or set selection the highlighted nodes on the screen will change accordingly 5 Decide on the fold type Thin Thick etc see Section 6 1 9 6 On pressing the fold type required FOLDER folds the
144. re marked as drawable or not For an item in FOLDER to be drawn it must pass the following three tests These represent eee more detailed levels of ae and the last of these checks blanking is performed on a per entity basis Every drawable entity in FOLDER may be flagged as either blanked not eligible for drawing or unblanked eligible for drawing The default being unblanked Control of the blanking status can be exercised in the standard hierarchical fashion of airbags sets parts and finally down to individual items thus it may be used to control exactly what is seen on the screen As well as the main BLANK menu described in this section Blanking may be activated by Keyboard short cut keys section 4 5 4 below Special keys in the View panel section 4 5 5 below which include locking 4 5 0 The BLANK menu This figure shows the main BLANKING Menu Page 4 19 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 It has three colour coded States Apply Unblank Reset Update status Help BLANK Nothing selected yet All airbags SELECT BLANK All elements ALL desu PRA FILTER KEY_IN To use it select a list of OBJECT TYPE alas erences RESTART press APPLY AIRBAG PART The effect will be seen the next time the image is drawn or when UPDATE is used ELEMENT MEMBRANE m The ALL_xx commands are to provide short cuts for commonly iss
145. realise that the logic from the basic selection method still applies here The folded set contains the shells that will be considered for moving during the fold The foldline set contains the shells actually the nodes from these shells are considered that will be considered for the fold line etc In actual fact the basic selection method works by setting all 3 sets to be exactly the same It is then the folder which works out which shells should be folded which should be left in place and which nodes are on the fold line Layers By default all layers through the thickness of the airbag will be folded but sometimes it is convenient to restrict this to only layers within a given Z coordinate Upper Loomer Layer selection H1 Hz Foint RESET 100135 100136 1568 5 RESET enone gt lt none gt 1 000e 020 Upper and Lower layer selection define respectively the upper positive and lower negative Z limits within which material will be folded Selecting PICK from either prompts you for two nodes and the Z limit used is set to the average of these The reason for having two nodes is that you need to define a point between the outermost layer to be folded and the layer beyond that and usually there will only be empty space there The default values that are used for the upper and lower limits are 1 0e 20 and 1 0e 20 respectively so by default the whole fold set or set will be folded RESET can be used to set the lower upper laye
146. roduction to Laser Plotting 7 1 LASER PLOT CONTROL 7 2 FORMAT 7 3 Creating Encapsulated Postscript EPS files 7 4 Notes on laser plotting 7 5 JPEG BITMAP Capturing graphics in JPEG or Bitmap formats 8 Viewing Controls 8 0 VIEWING CONTROL 8 1 FOLDER coordinate space systems and view layout 8 2 The Viewing Control box 8 2 1 Pre programmed views 8 3 Using the Compass Rose 8 4 Dynamic Viewing Using the mouse to change views 8 5 Further commands in the Viewing Menu 8 6 Special 3D graphics driver options APPENDICES APPENDIX I Standard Object Names and Acronyms APPENDIX II Fold Set tree file example APPENDIX III Airbag Folding example APPENDIX IV Summary of command line and Environment Variable settings Madymo FOLDER 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 e N bF T D a a N GO m A U m e jm NNW pa O ON AAAA 1 L 20 00 00 00 0 0 MAIANNIINAIYINQ QQ LADUUNYS LL LS SS BWWWWWWWI ON ON ON ON 00 00 SO mYWNOOYNR BRN mODWDON RP mOBDNDNE RAN RBH OCYNMNONHR RADU BReE SE ee INW gt Page 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Page ii User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 MADYMO FOLDER FOLDING AIRBAG MODELS Version 4 0 Madymo 6 x June 2006 Copyright Oasys Ltd Oasys Limited 13 Fitzroy Street London WIP 6BQ Madymo FOLDER Page 0 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Preamble Development status This manual documents the fifth release of FOLD
147. rs These need to be done selectively and the radius may need to be increased to avoid penetrations Plan ahead if possible Frequently there are many different orders in which folds can be done which will result in the same final folded configuration One order is usually much easier to accomplish than the opposite order for complex bags If difficulty results from trying to fold a bag in one order then perhaps try the opposite order Subset folding can make the folding process much easier but this can only be used when the nodes for a fold are a subset of the nodes from the last fold i e 1f the fold order in the bag is from the centre towards the edge not from the edge towards the centre Be sure always to select NEW before selecting options for a new fold If necessary a fold can be DELETEd and the user can start it again if something goes wrong If nothing appears to happen when creating a fold ensure that sets carried over from the previous fold are not defined in this definition This can happen as much of the previous fold s data is carried across when creating a new fold Simply go to the SETS AND LAYERS feature and change the set or layer definition 6 1 16 Folding Example The above may sound somewhat complicated In fact the easiest way to learn is to try the process and see what the various features do To help this learning process the user should follow the example shown in Appendix III Page 6 61 Madymo FOLDE
148. running an X11 based window manager generally Unix this is almost certainly because of one or both of the following setup errors The DISPLAY environment variable has not been set up or has been set incorrectly This tells the X11 window manager where to place windows and it must be set to point to the server s screen Its generic setup string is setenv DISPLAY lt hostname gt lt display number gt C shell syntax Where lt hostname gt is the server s name or internet address for example setenv DISPLAY 0 Default display 0 on this machine setenv DISPLAY tigger 0 Default display 0 on machine tigger setenv DISPLAY 69 177 15 2 0 Default display 0 address 69 177 15 2 You may have to use the raw network address if the machine name has not been added to your etc hosts file or possibly the yellow pages server hosts file Your machine strictly the X11 server has not been told to accept window manager requests from remote machines This is usually the case when you are trying to display from a remote machine over a network and you get the message similar to Xlib connection to lt hostname gt refused by server Xlib Client is not authorised to connect to server In this case go to a window with a Unix prompt on your machine and type xhost Which tells your window manager to accept requests from any remote client It will produce a confirmatory message which will be something like access control disable
149. s An tab in all selection menus throughout the code For example given the case above of five models with A3 and A5 deselected the BLANK panel will start off looking like this Page 4 15 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Blank aX Note that the M1 and M3 Apply Unblank Reverse peat o Reset Update Status H elp manually if you wish BLANK Nothing selected yet In other contexts for example when creating items if you only have All airbags SELECT BLANK ET MODELS LIST mem All elements ALL NONE PRd bag do you want to FILTER VIS KEY_IN omitted saving one M1 M2 M3 RESTART IRBAG NTITY ART LEMENT NODE z m ol m gt M E W AJ T Z m Page 4 16 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 4 4 Controlling Entity visibility and labelling By default only the elements in a model are drawn with no labels node symbols or other information appended to them You can add extra information to plots control the display of classes of information and label items dynamically on the screen using the ENTity Viewing panel This can be accessed in 4 ways i The keyboard shortcut key E 2 The top bar menu DISPLAY gt ENTITIES 3 The ENT from the viewing and drawing window 4 The ENTITIES button in TOOLS This panel controls the display of elements and nodes ie basic structural items also their symbols labels and local direction tri
150. s To open a new or existing lt plot view gt file use the FILE command and enter a new filename To use the file filter click the button to the right of the field Page 8 14 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 8 5 2 PERSP Setting Perspective Viewing dihitt By default perspective in FOLDER is off Ferspective OMT Distance 1 126E 04 default state Note that the distance changing options are NEARER pp greyed out as a consequence of perspective being turned off anm Figures 8 5 2 b and c show the effect of turning perspective OFF and ON for a rectangular box In the left image where perspective is off the image is foreshortened and looks strange in the right image with it on the box looks more Dismiss fase normal Figure 8 5 2 a shows the perspective control panel in this Tah oF CEE CSPOT ee ARIE CSL oT bam Pen ape te ba OP Paapua Of Plote Fo mhae cf ob ack pect now haa ca act sha 5 Figure 8 5 2 b Perspective OFF Figure 8 5 2 c Perspective ON The figure on the right shows the control panel when perspective is turned ON Note that the distance changing options are now live These Perspecte Setting are used as follows ViEwWI Distance 1 12728E 04 NEARER HORM EO o o Dismiss NEARER NEARER Reducing perspective distance Clicking on this button reduces the perspective distance by 5 This brings the viewer closer to the object
151. s also Ey drawn at the 45 angle but there are two possible ways to do this fold a The upper right part of the airbag can be folded onto the lower left part of the airbag Forward The lower left part of the airbag can be folded onto the upper right part of the airbag Reverse You can select the fold direction by choosing either Forward or Reverse The graphic on the Direction button will change to indicate your selection Page 6 38 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER setting the up down direction When a fold is done the folded material can either be folded on top of or underneath the unfolded material The Up Down buttons are used to set this Folded material is folded on top of unfolded material TEn Folded material is folded underneath unfolded material Setting fold separation distance Fold Separation gt Jn When a fold is current this sets the distance between layers the thickness If fold 0 is current this sets instead the Default Thickness to be used for all folds in the airbag which may be overridden for individual folds When folding takes place the larger of the default and individual fold thicknesses is used so a useful way to visualise an airbag is to set the individual fold thicknesses to their correct relatively small values but to set the default thickness to a larger value so making it easier to view folds When folding is complete the default value can be reset to a more realisti
152. s are controlled and displayed from the MAIN box as shown Wiodel functions in the adj fi eae Read me Delete List In this example there is currently one airbag in memory If more than 10 are currently loaded into memory then a scroll bar will be added lf hag Ma Title The Airbag No column shows the ids of each model Annn and the Title column shows their current titles lt 5pare gt If the Airbag No entry button is selected as it is here then that Ea model is available for display If de selected then that model will not be drawn This is the highest level of display control and provides a ERE quick and easy method of un cluttering the display Spare Spare apare spare 3 1 Model gt Read Page 3 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Reading in models from disk Model functions 2 The READ menu allows two file names to be specified a Read Write MADYMO data file and a FOLD file The FOLD file is a special file used by FOLDER that contains information required to fold an Scan airbag File format Be oe MADYMO v5 4 FOLDER can read version 6 x MIFF XML files and version 5 4 data Specify the format that you want to read by using the File format buttons Fold File Note A FOLD file does not have to be read in When a MADYMO XML data file is selected FOLDER will automatically check to see if a matching FOLD file exists using the extension fold If it do
153. s of a different focal length on your camera to change your distance from the object you must alter the perspective distance 4 The near and far Z clipping planes shown here only apply on 3D hardware that is capable of this See section 8 6 Page 8 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 2 The Viewing EE Li cea Hi Sh B ck Control box Max Principal Strain AC Zoom CN F All tee H50 Eh 4 ALT Views Rev E lt lt v gt rper ent e All aspects of viewing are controlled from within the Viewing and Drawing Control box Its layout is shown on the right 8 2 1 Pre programmed views XY Is aplan on model XY looking down up Z XZ Isa plan on model XZ looking down up Y YZ Is aplan on model YZ looking down up X ISO_ Is an isometric view equal angles for X Y Z These views are also available from shortcut keys 1 2 3 etc TA Click here to view as pdf This is an This lz a plan an N This iza gan an AY This a pim on TZ L These views only apply rotations they do not affect scale or position Page 8 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 8 2 2 Zooming in magnifying an area ZMZooms in by using the cursor to pick a rectangular screen area that is to be enlarged to fill the screen also available from shortcut key Z TA Click here to view as pdf Thos os he reb img The veer he oomme it onthe head gre Both the scale
154. s projected from the current view v ES APPLY or UNDO to accept This tends to give unsymmetrical scaling if more than one i axis is in use so you can clamp all the factors to have the YE Y or reject ihe new shape same values using the X Y Z button particularly useful when combined with VECTOR_XYZ to expand or contract Zs u by a uniform amount in all three directions 6 4 5 The INTERPOLATE HH INTERPOLATION Hix command interp ACTIVE dist 100 0 interp ACTIVE dist 100 0 dist 100 0 Applying interpolation to ORIENT functions Distance The TRANSLATE ROTATE and SCALE functions all ac by default only on the chosen items However if Ord INTERPOLATE is used the effect can be spread over a ONE wider area by applying interpolated values to adjacent nodes This is made active by setting a Distance value in this Conn only a example 100 in the interpolate box This value remains current until changed setting this value to O turns interpolation off again Help Done Once a Distance value has been set the coordinates of unselected nodes within a radius lt Distance gt of any explicitly selected nodes will have their coordinates updated as follows ci N Where C Coordinate of this node E old amp a Coordinate change due to Translation PCH Rotation Scale d Distance from this node to nearest explicitly a selected node Where Tr gt 0 0 D The specified Distan
155. select a super set of the objects required For example to load all nodes in a model into a set you could just select the whole model It is legal to select items that are already in the set they will not be duplicated as the addition operation performs a logical inclusive OR between the incoming items and the existing set contents Item removal operates in exactly the same way except in reverse Page 5 9 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Once the set contains something you can use VIEW EDIT to view the detailed contents of the set EE S e PF SEE TCH WIE _AREFS This example shows the VIEW EDIT panel for a set of nodes The popup options against each entry may be used to view details of that item and different labels can be typed in to change the set s contents Defining Latent items in a set KE a If a latent referenced but not yet defined item is included in a set its colour in the editing table changes to blue text on a dark background to warn you as shown here Including latent items in sets is legal although they will show as an error when the set is checked You must deal with this before running the analysis by deleting them explicitly from the set COPY Copying sets The selected sets are copied The RECURSIVE_COPY flag has an important influence on this When OFF Only the set itself is copied A new set referencing all the items in the original set
156. sh two separate Fold Type Angle functions 1 It can simply scale an existing bag in the local Z direction so that it has a smaller final thickness 2 It can flatten a 3D airbag so that the 2D folder thin thick etc can be used The bag is reduced in the Z direction and the sides are pushed out F Final Thickness The scrunch fold definition and options are shown in the adjacent figure The user must tell FOLDER which elements form the side to be pulled out This is done using the Left and Right sets from the SETS AND LAYERS Set selection menu If neither of these sets is chosen then a Basic select simple scaling is used In the case shown above this could lead to the vertical elements having a zero side Advanced select length which may not be illegal if airbag reference i ing th lysis geometry is used during the analysis A When forcing the sides outwards the top and bottom O set of the bag are located above and below a side node The node is then pushed outwards based on the nearest distance to the top or bottom When using this capability for pushing out side walls it is important how the bag is oriented The axis of the cylinder must be parallel with the local X axis The sides must be in the YZ plane Right set ott Fee tet tte het Aa a A A T ee eg es e e a r a a a a a i 7 ta tone Poe eee a a r mot baa atatan oe ee ana aa ee i a a _ ee ee mo ee alls ae ee a n n a ea Er r E a ar r E a a ee
157. standard Windows printer panels with the addition of an optional print resolution button see below Fage Setup Print Unix and Linux users will need to save a bmp jpg or Postscript file and queue it externally for printing Print Resolution Page 7 11 Madymo FOLDER Statys Heady Type HF Lasentet 44h PostScript Wher Daddy s office Comment fo Pages from to i Selection Print resolution f Screen 2s Screen 4 Screen Page 7 12 Print to file Fit to Page Copies Number of copies al p i calate User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 By default Print output will be at the screen resolution but you can choose the options of 2x and 4x screen resolution Higher resolution output may be preferable if printing to larger paper Sizes Note that higher resolution files will be much larger 4x and 16x respectively and may take correspondingly longer to processes and print User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8Viewing Controls 8 1 FOLDER Coordinate Space and View Layout 8 2 Basic Commands in the Viewing Control Box 8 3 The Compass Rose 8 4 Dynamic Viewing 8 5 Further Commands in the Viewing menu 8 6 Special 3D Graphics Driver Options 8 0 VIEWING CONTROL Madymo FOLDER Viewing refers to the manipulation and presentation of images rather than their actual generation All basic commands live in the Viewing and Drawing Control box located
158. t To enable it DELETE the models or restart FOLDER 1 From the airbag shape popup select the Circular option F F j 2 Give suitable values for MESH INDEPFENCENT FOLDING a the airbag radius b the separation between the top and bottom fabric layers Start mesh independent folding by c the element size for the initial mesh 3 Press the MESH INDEPENDENT FOLDING button Radius Separation hiesh size The airbag will be created and you will be placed in the main folding screen See section below for details of how to perform mesh independent folding Importing mesh for mesh independent folding This option allows you to use a mesh that has previously been read into folder for mesh independent folding 1 Read an airbag file into FOLDER 2 From the airbag shape popup select the Mesh option 3 Press the MESH INDEPENDENT FOLDING button 4 Select the parts that make up the airbag 5 Select fixed points on the airbag for remeshing Page 6 16 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER selecting parts for mesh independent folding Folder needs to know which parts make up the airbag before mesh independent folding can be done There are limitations on parts that can be used 1 Parts must be flat 2 Parts must not contain holes The algorithms that Folder uses when folding mesh independent bags do not allow parts to have holes If your airbag contains holes the parts need to be split For example wo
159. t SsW e E MADYMO Folder 4 0 Beta 10 May 2006 Device selection 2D X Windows options eA 6 bit plane visual 4 bit plane visual tia hiomee Choose an X visual 3D graphics protocols Weiageime Generic openGl FONTS Non screen menu options No graphics drivers scale 1 05 Adjust display scale 1 00 JAS Advice on selecting a device Brightness Adjust display brightness saturation pAn Adjust colour saturation I The actual devices available will depend on your machine type and the graphics options that have been installed Most workstations will provide both X11 and OpenGL graphics but older machines may have a more limited range of options OpenGL Selects the 3D OpenGL device using hardware acceleration if available This is the best choice of all if it is available on your system Page 1 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 X8 Selects an X11 visual with 8 bit planes Shading will be limited as only 256 colours will be available X24 Selects an X11 visual with 24 bit planes Over 16 million colours will be available so shading will be better this 1s the recommended choice under X Windows XMENU Lets you choose from all the visuals available on your system Use only if one of the standard options doesn t work you may need to ask Oasys for advice Note If you always want to start FOLDER with the same graphics device you can do so by defining a d
160. t control gt Transforms the image in wire frame mode for the duration of the drawing operation ie lt mouse gt no hidden surface removal or lighting lt left shift gt amp lt left Transforms the image in pre computed free edge mode for the duration of the drawing control gt lt mouse gt operation ie wire frame of free edges only no hidden surface removal or lighting In the latter two cases the original drawing mode is always returned to at the end of the dynamic viewing operation The wire frame and free edge modes are provided to make transformations quicker for very large models and or slow computers free edge is very fast For the last case with lt left shift gt amp lt left control gt held down together the order of pressing and releasing the meta keys matters press lt left shift gt before lt left control gt and release in the opposite order otherwise you will correctly get the image redrawn in wire frame mode as the lt left control gt key is pressed and released Page 8 9 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 4 1 Dynamic Rotation Dynamic rotation uses lt left mouse gt lt left shift gt amp or lt left control gt The distinction between the keyboard meta keys is explained in section 8 4 0 above Rotation always take place in the screen coordinate system and may be about the XY axes or Z this depends upon the starting position of the mouse This is shown in figure 8 4 1
161. t file system Note Checkpoint files should be cross platform ie a file generated on machine A should replay on machine B however they are not cross version and will only work with exactly the same version of the software Page 2 12 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 3 Model manipulation 3 0 How FOLDER treats models 3 1 Reading in models 3 2 Writing out models 3 3 Deleting models 3 4 Operations on Models Fee E 3 5 Viewing Models Write List Master Index Scary File format MAO YRIO vex MADYO v5 4 con re TS The MODEL menu 3 0 How FOLDER treats models FOLDER is unusual in that it permits you to work with concurrent multiple airbags A airbag within FOLDER consists of only the COORDINATE REFERENCE COORDINATE ELEMENT and STRAP definitions within a MADYMO airbag model Only ONE MADYM0O file can be read into FOLDER at any time This file may contain up to 255 airbag models each of which is stored separately within FOLDER and can be manipulated independently Any non airbag models within the MADY MO input deck will be ignored Any unprocessed models and the items that are not processed within airbag models are copied to temporary scratch file that is given the same name as the Madymo input file plus the suffix _scratch When the folded airbags are written back out from FOLDER all of the unprocessed items within the scratch file are added back into the output file Airbag
162. t is possible only to operate on a sub set of these The SETS AND LAYERS button can be used to select a subset to fold Page 6 44 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Thick Fold A radiused fold spanning gt 1 element Smet Thick folds are used when the mesh is extremely fine or when there are a large number of layers to be folded In general the element size should be smaller than the fold radius or it is unlikely that a satisfactory fold will be created As this figure shows the effect is to create a radiused fold using several elements giving an effect similar to rolling the mesh round a circular former of the given radius FOLD 1 THIGKS The adjacent figure shows the fold creation menu Fold Type Angle Direction Up Down Fold point the folded material is folded on top of the unfolded material The only option which is available for a thick fold is the angle In this figure the angle is set centre like the thin fold but it does allow for Fald Fold Separation S gt om0 Tae an oo arbitrary angles of orientation Usually a fold point is located towards the packaging limits of a airbag In this fold the fold the material has been folded from bottom to topand gt FICE I r F F ii to 180 The thick fold does not have a precise point is offset ahead of the centre point for the fold by the radius The radius is equal to half the SETS AND LAYERS AND LAYERS separation distanc
163. t systems initialise this to 0 then no connection can be made to an X server and no graphics will be drawn 0 0 to 1 0 0 0 to 1 0 0 5 to 2 0 or automatic Saturation controls the colour saturation intensity of menus Brightness controls the colour brightness of menus Factor sets the relative display scale and can range from 0 5 making menus larger to 2 0 making them smaller It may also be set to automatic which derives a factor from the physical screen dimensions SM_USE_VISUAL Sets the X11 visual id to be used for screen menus Where a graphics display provides overlay planes these should normally be used otherwise this should be left undefined or set to default Using an explicit visual id is possible and this should be defined in hexadecimal eg Oxf16 Experience has shown the on some Silicon Graphics systems using the overlay planes can result in very strange colours in other windows in which case default should be used Also on some W2000 and graphics board combinations problems may also arise with overlay planes and again default should be used USE_PIXMAPS Controls whether or not the menus use pixmaps true or false true off screen memory to produce smooth scrolling Turning this off false will save memory and may help memory problems on a display that has only limited memory available for the X server but will give slightly jerky window scrolling PRIMER_NO_PIXMAP May be us
164. t the delay of 0 02 seconds is the default it barely slows transformation 50 frames per second is twice as fast as a TV set scans but it does even out the delay time between frames giving a smoother result especially under X Windows Experiment on your hardware User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 8 4 Dynamic Viewing Using the mouse to change views Dynamic viewing is the name given to the process in which you perform viewing transformations by moving the mouse around the screen This is the final and probably most useful way of controlling views Dy namic Viewl n c described in this section The three classes of transformation available in the compass rose rotation translation and scaling are all available in dynamic viewing as well However rotation 4 lt Shitt gt and translation are only available in screen space it would be too confusing to try to relate cursor movement to model space transformations lt Control gt Mouse 8 4 0 Graphics modes during dynamic viewing All dynamic viewing operations require a combination of two screen meta keys lt left control gt and lt left shift gt and mouse buttons The meta key s used dictates the graphics mode in which the image is transformed as follows lt left shift gt lt mouse gt Transforms the image in the current graphics mode For example if it is a hidden line plot then dynamic viewing will take place in hidden line mode lt lef
165. t the fold tip The pinching can be PEE ed Pee reduced by increasing the Scale option to spread ol E ee T the layers at the fold tip l P E m ee a mil ea Fold Type Angle Direction Ups D own Fold point Bo om mS Fold Separation gt Tolerance gt SETS AND LAYERS OPTIONS LOCAL SYSTEM SPLIT MESH REMESH Scale Page 6 43 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 The figure below shows the effect of Scale on typical thin folds It is generally desirable to try to select a value which causes the inner and outer material surfaces to be parallel as this will lead to the contact algorithms being more reliable However the user should take care that this doesn t lead to gross local element deformations as in the bottom right quadrant of the figure This can also be visualised by using the CROSSED element button If there are problems with element penetrations this will easily show it Changing the scale factor will automatically update this plot so you can tell when any penetrations are eliminated SCALE ators analy W his ileal layer paralon here epadng dimenden Might be say 1mm This examgde uses a facie of 1 0 Bui herein ihe Hid caner Han gel compress ed h ihl axagngie he same To has had Ha sale facter Inereased 10 40 This dearly impres ihe told epadny By default all the elements and nodes selected for the Fold Set definition are included in the fold but i
166. tems use the default web browser Command string to start Netscape on Unix Linux Any valid Unix hosts This is used to fire up the Netscape command string browser in order to read manual pages from within FOLDER The following variables are provided for debugging purposes only and should not normally be used lt none gt DB_POINTER_CHECK Runs a check during every internal database false 1 or2 allocation and return operation to scan for duplicated or erroneous pointers This will result Turned off level 1 in very much potentially 100x slower operation or level 2 checking of internal memory management and is normally only used to track down internal errors XSYNC Runs the X server in synchronised unbuffered true or false false mode This will give woefully slow graphics and is used for debugging purposes only WARN_REDEF INE Makes the menu system issue a warning if a true or false false button is redefined Again this is normally only used for debugging purposes false Page D 4
167. ten to the dialogue box in red prefaced by ERROR or WARNING respectively Internal errors let us hope you never see any are also copied to standard output ie the terminal window from which FOLDER has been invoked If you get any of these please make a copy of them and inform Oasys 2 8 Checkpoint Recovery files All commands of your FOLDER session are recorded in a binary non editable checkpoint or recovery file CP_FOLDER_4 0_xxx If the session terminates normally the file is automatically deleted If the software crashes the file will be left behind When you next start FOLDER you will be offered the option of rerunning any existing checkpoint files Do not forget to remove the last command by decrementing the commands to execute counter or the crash will simply repeat Note that if you have overwritten your original file during the session rerunning the command file will not be helpful In some cases sending the checkpoint file and the input files to Oasys will assist in debugging the software Page 2 11 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 ZI Dish If you rerun someone else s checkpoint file on a different computer you are likely to find that it fails because any files opened will have an incompatible path Setting the environment variable CP_FILE_FILTER true Will cause FOLDER always to map the file selection box whenever a file is opened allowing you to read in files from a differen
168. tes the angle between vectors NIN2 and NIN3 Foint to Point Point angle Mode to Node These are reported in model space x y y z and z x planes as well as in 3D x y z space Units are degrees aa ne ee H2 Ca E oe Nodes are screen picked or otherwise selected as in 6 5 3 above and may be in different models 3015 726 185 932 1484 772 M1 N19262 gt 3231 104 479 0247 492 0244 M1N13523 gt 3700 0 2950 0 1106 2 Angey YZZ 48 34084 6 542862 48 8055894 3D angle 49 20744 Page 6 65 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 3 5 Nodal coord Nodal coordinate gives the coordinates of the selected node in model space units and also its distance from the origin Hode to Node Hode angle Modal coord Han eH Peart Hebert La Es Mode Coordinate pick nodes Reject last MAINI122 gt 2799 224 367 146 1328 099 Vector 1425 987 Page 6 66 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 6 4 ORIENT Translating rotating scaling and reflecting objects Section 6 index Master index The ORIENT command is invoked from the MAIN top box to give the master panel shown in this figure Orient There are currently five types of orientation available Project E n SR TRANSLATE shift by global vector nl gt n2 or normal Reflect Scale Trans rat to plane ROTATE rotate about global or local axes REFLECT reflect about a distance d down a given axis SCALE factor nod
169. tethers which might be included in a bag for example do not form part of the free surface of the airbag control volume and thus they are not included ina MADYMO airbag The tethers however must be folded along with the remainder of the airbag so they may need to be included in a geometrical definition Page 6 12 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Thus to distinguish between the MADYMO AIRBAG and the airbag as described here the term FOLD SET is used in FOLDER In fact a FOLD SET could potentially involve things which are completely unrelated to airbags it is the umbrella definition containing everything required to define the geometrical extent of an airbag and its associated folding operations The fold set label which must be unique within a model and title A list of elements and nodes as sets which comprise the bag A list of folds A local coordinate system A list of orientations A FOLD is a generalised term for the many fold types available eg Rolling a bag up is described as a FOLD as is a Tuck or a Scrunch Each FOLD definition contains The fold number and type thin thick roll tuck An optional coordinate system Geometrical data location direction angle thickness Optional subsets of nodes and elements for special cases An ORIENT is a transformation which is applied to the folded airbag to position it in the model The different types availab
170. the panel on the right 6 bands are chosen Page 4 11 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Contour Level settings mA DISMISS UPDATE HELP MAX PRINCIPAL STRAIN DEFAULT REVERSE MAX PRINCI 0 457535 0 380478 0 303421 0 226363 0 149306 0 0 722491 0 00480813 The Listings panel allows you to print the values to the screen or a file You can limit the elements to list with a maximum and or minimum values Page 4 12 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER element strain Listing ETX DISMISS DISPLAY_LIST m A Listing of the largest maximum principal strains is shown below This can be saved to file using the SAVE gt FILE button Page 4 13 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 A LISTING _ a aI ea ee E Listing of strains in model 1 10600 rows Poli eligi B EEATT A Eaa e e Wac i ea a a ele BECAT lt A ECAC LE Eligible element types MEMBRANE MEMBRANE 1464 I e UUs MEMBRANE allies 4 Uke IL Sis UCI s MEMBRANE 5994 as tekst IL Si UC MEMBRANE 6144 Se Cle IE SG da MEMBRANE E z aE a MEMBRANE 6219 da oUo Ik SiS aNs MEMBRANE Lass as elke Ik sie OU MEMBRANE 1sl4 a Une dl Sie U0 MEMBRANE Ta24 z 4 Uf Sele UUs MEMBRANE 6204 a tel ff Slee UCL MEMBRANE Heli aly lee UC 4 TS The remaining components that can be contoured in CT or SI mode are processed in a similar way although the Settings p
171. then give it a new name RENAME wiewy 1 Top View Any or no name is acceptable This is simply a label by which the view is known Here the user has chosen to rename view 2 currently called Side view Viewing View management side View Hew name Page 8 13 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 8 5 1 4 DELETE Deleting stored views VIEWS ia ai You can only delete existing views Select a view from the DELETE view menu and it T will be deleted DELETE view There is no warning or confirmation dialogue so make sure that you want to do this TE 1 Top peu CANCEL can be used to abort the operation 8 5 1 5 LIST Listing stored SJ usmmssox LL VIEWS i NEXT_PAG MANUAL You can list information about stored views to screen with the LIST option Contents of lt plot view gt file If you have a lot of views this is a better plot view way of listing them than trying to use the No Title menus in a confined space _ _ INARA l Top Yiew a Side View 4 Side View 5 View 5 Total af 4 views stored End of list Fan 8 5 1 6 FILE Selecting Defining a View Viewing saci alana _Wewmanagement E By default views are stored in a file called plot view and File plotviewy C generically the view storage file is referred to as the lt plot view gt file However you may choose any filename and you may have any number of view storage file
172. this fold has been done The fourth fold is a thin fold in the opposite direction By default the folder will fold all of the airbag which is on one side of the fold line to the other side In this case we only want to fold the top layer of the airbag in figure A3 4 We have three ways of performing this fold L Defining a set to fold rather than the whole origami pm Using layers to select a specific vertical range of the airbag to fold 3 Using subset folding Subset folding is the easiest option to use We can use this because all the nodes which we want to fold in this fold 4 fold have been folded in the previous fold fold 3 1 e these folds are a subset of the previous fold nodes Press the SUBSET FOLDING button The node selection should autoamtically update to the folds we need The previous fold was in the left to right direction This fold needs to be right to left The 5 fold is done in exactly the same way As we are already using subset folding everything including the fold direction will be set correctly Figure A3 5 shows the airbag after the first 5 folds ee Page C 2 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Fold 6 can also be done with subset folding This is to show that subset folding is not just for thin folds It also works for thick folds We only want to fold this by 90 instead of 180 This is easily changed by using THICK FOLD OPTIONS and changing the angle Apart from this complica
173. tically as you click on elements or you can type a new element number into the Elem box More than one airbag is current in this example so typed in elements must be prefixed with their airbag id In this example membrane element 25468 in airbag 3 A3 M225 has been selected Not only is the element in question labelled on the screen but its major attributes are presented in this panel The nodes on the element are drawn schematically Note that the schematic shape is idealised here as a square not the true shape of the element The Label with buttons control how the selected items are labelled on the screen The categories are the same as those in the main ENTity Viewing panel but apply only to these dynamically labelled items The Draw with buttons control what extra information is added to the selected items Page 4 23 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Nodes Adds the labels of nodes connected to this element Selection will be limited to the class of item selected in the ENTity Viewing panel However selecting class ALL_ELEMENTS permits any class of element to be selected for labelling The details of this LABEL VIEW panel will vary with the class of object being shown for example the panel for nodes doesn t show a diagram but rather lists coordinates etc for the node This panel can also be invoked anywhere in FOLDER from popup windows offering the LABEL VIEW option Page 4 24 User manua
174. tion the process is identical to folds 3 to Fold 7 is an ALIGN fold This is used if your nodes are not exactly where you want them to be In this case we want to make adjacent nodes to the fold line a constant distance of 5mm from the fold line This is done by setting the fold point as normal As we were using subset folding in the previous folds we need to make sure that it is turned off as these folds are no longer a subset of the previous fold To set the align fold options use ALIGN FOLD OPTIONS and make sure that the MAKE TRAMLINES option is set with a constant distance of 5mm Fold 8 is a thin fold of 90 This presents no real problems and is similar to previous fold definitions Figure A3 6 shows the airbag after the first 8 folds have been done The last fold is a spiral fold This presents problems because the part of the airbag we want to fold does not lie on the xy plane which is the default folding plane for the folder This can be overcome by defining a local coordinate system for this fold To do this press DONE to exit the SET FOLD menu and return to the main folding window LOCAL_SYSTEM allow you to define a new folding plane We define a plane which is in the global XZ axis This is done by selecting N1 somewhere on the vertical part of the airbag where we want to do the spiral fold N2 is selected so that local x points in the global Z direction N3 is now chosen so that the 3 points give the local xy plane This allows us
175. tll edict dhatlalids i A aiaie oa BaLB BELEBELBBE SEBEL ES 2S ee ee bb FS SSPE SSSR ES RRR Pe Pe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eer eer a ee ere denrebhoess Pees hi se eae eee ele ee ee ee AEETI EEEL ee ee E EE ee eee ee ee Pe ee ee ee ee ee ee 2 he ee ee ee oh i ee Pee Pee ee ee a ia a a ee ee T BPS ee EEL a A Ae ln Rh ln kon Sh Role Ds sda a ee ee ee i te E 2d ss as a Sod ol dedicate Ce ee ee ee LELETET ee ee ee E EE Ree ee ee ee LEET RRR RRR BHR he T ee ee a Pe 2s Ss ees SS ge ee ee SSS Sas ee BRB ERLE RGR ERR EGE EERE EERE Eee 2 c d os oat wia im im i ee Tae oe E ch inal Had indian i ee e h al fi is Figg ap eee ee T pha apinaa iim p e Ep a minia a i m See Pee Peet ren of Th EHR FIER PRRI HE EL i EPA A ee ee ee eo POT ee ee a es see EP Stree ree ieee a Hi tagha ae i ee ee Se mea me me om ge a me oa oma a mm me fr ht oheoe he bch ald el hee eee ee dea oh a ae ee em eT dG RGD DEED Se eee mAT POR hE DN ee ee ee ee eae ee ee h ie Be S D BE pees eet ITI311 1 Sseeenassuasessiehis ead o oem eed ef eee eee ee Peed E ee ee ee EEE PE RT oe eo ee ee es ee aes E a GPRD ee ee idi a a i dh B E h ee eee Prergr rq tir eE oa ce ade Fee na tde es a ee ee E ee fee ee i I HIH BPC ee ee ee I ITTEENI ame om ote aa p of a me om ol oe loam Rolfe em om al 2S Se Sp ee E 00 POPPE oe ee bof PRED ee ee ee ee bod GER bE 2B e ee e Ber rsd iit ee ee ed a 1 ee h h o e i ees soe 4 44
176. to define the plane for the spiral fold but if we try to fold this we will fold other parts of the airbag which are on the same side of the fold line We need to either define a subset of the bag to fold or use layers to specify a range of the airbag to fold In this case it is easier to define the UPPER LAYER so that anything above that local z coordinate is discarded when folding an i E hrn g E l l F Once the airbag has been folded it can be positioned to the desired location using the POSITION FOLDED BAG option This example model has 4 orientations stored with the origami so that the airbag can be repositioned as needed They can be modified or deleted easily or new orientations can be added just like folds The 4 orientations that are stored are Translation 100mm along the X axis Rotation of 45 about X centred on node 5726 Translation along vector using N1 gt N2 method with distance 50mm A scale in a local coordinate system of 0 8 in the Y direction only pe eee Page C 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Page C 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER APPENDIX IV Summary of command line and Environment Variable settings The data below has been described elsewhere in this manual but is summarised below to concentrate it all in one place Command line arguments valid in FOLDER Setting the graphics device d lt device gt Use OpenGL 3D By default no graphics device is d
177. top interrupts the current operation Click here to see a description of Tidy 8 2 9 Alternatives to the commands in this section The commands listed here are useful for making explicit changes to the view of your model for example to set it to a view exactly co incident with axis orientation or locate its centre at a specific position However there are two other ways of making these changes which in some contexts may be better FF z e The Compass Rose is a Y a described in section 8 3 and y rer n dynamic viewing in 8 4 Compass Rose Dynamic viewing lt Shift gt lt lontrol gt Page 8 6 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER 8 3 Using the Compass Rose The Compass Rose provides three sets of buttons that allow the model to be rotated translated and scaled with single mouse nie clicks F A L Oooo Translate lt Ww typer oam 8 3 0 General information on using the Compass Rose The Compass Rose operates in one of three modes selected by the Rotate Translate and Zoom buttons available from the Type pop up menu as shown in the example above Rotation mode is selected The options provide Rotate Arrow buttons provide pre defined increments of rotation about each of the X Y Z axes in screen or model space TranslateArrow buttons provide pre defined increments of translation in each of the X Y Z axes in screen or model space Zoom Buttons provide pre defined i
178. u have made your selections and carried out the relevant operation the selections remain in memory if this makes sense in that context Thus you could carry out some other operation on the same list add to or subtract from them prior to a further operation and so on However exiting from that operation for example leaving the ORIENT menu will destroy any current selections For this reason it may be better to iconise a window to get it temporarily out of the way rather than to DISMISS it The former will not affect its selection status whereas the latter will destroy it Exceptions are Page 6 10 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER BLANKING once operated on the items chosen are deselected DELETE they will no longer exist To delete all current selections and start again Using the RESTART row at the top of the object menu has the effect of canceling all current selections unsetting the current object category and resetting the selection process to its initial state Exiting from the current operation menu also clears any current selections as described above Page 6 11 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 AIRBAGS 6 1 1 Folding Airbags The airbag folder is designed to produce folded meshes from ones that are initially flat Additionally some facilities are provided to deal with 3 D initial configurations The airbag folder can also generate an airbag mesh from scratch for some pre defined ge
179. u use ORIENT to position an airbag after folding and then return to the airbag folder at a later date to refold the airbag any orientations will be lost To prevent this problem the airbag folder has built in orientation functions These orientations are saved just like folds and so if a bag is refolded it can be repositioned using these stored orientations It is strongly recommended that you use the orientation functions build into the folder rather than the general orient functions of FOLDER so that any orientations you create are saved and can be modified or replayed in the future Page 6 27 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 6 1 4 Airbag Folding Summary The following process should be followed when folding an existing airbag mesh airbag module by using the oo one using DEFINE FOLD Curr A1 FS1 using LOCAL_SYSTEM lt lt OD gt gt Read in a model containing airbag xj geometry and possibly Fold Set EE AIRBAGS ba _ x AIRBAGS buttons Set the local coordinate system 1f your Set the plotting modes that you require definitions and enter the FOLDER DISMISS APPLY HELP Define a FOLD SET or select an airbag is not in the global xy plane using the Fold Plotting Mode Airbag a Plotting Mode and Symbol Plotting DEFINE FOLD SET LOCAL SYSTEM Mode radio buttons Set any options for the airbag folder using FOLDER OPTIONS STATUS SET_FOLD Define or modify folds us
180. ued commands ALL AIRBAGS Means everything All the contents of all airbags currently in memory will be operated on ALL ELEMENTS Means all elements of all types in all models These short cut commands will operate faster than the equivalent commands from the SELECT menu since they don t have to perform the hierarchy propagation checks implicit in using the menu RESET Resets to null the contents of the SELECT menu This may be used to delete any current selection and start again Page 4 20 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER UPDATE Redraws the current image following a blanking change This is necessary to see the effect of any changes unless the Update Level in the View Control box has been set to frequent in which case changes take effect immediately 4 5 4 Blanking control using keyboard shortcut keys The following keyboard short cut keys influence blanking U nblank all Unblanks everything unconditionally subject to locking see below R everse all Reverses the blanking status of everything using the current Recursive Action logic 4 5 5 Locking blanking in the View panel Blanking may also be locked to its current status via the following buttons in the View panel Lock locks the current blanking status so that keyboard short cut U nblank all returns to the locked visibility status The Lock button toggles on off All is exactly the same as keyboard shortcut U nblank all
181. uld become 3 The top and bottom surfaces of the airbag must be different parts 4 If a fold will occur on a part there must only a single fold line This part can be folded without problem This part cannot be folded as the fold line cuts the polygon in two places ee a Page 6 17 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 fel ampacs a E F Select the parts that make up the airbag and press elect pars for airbag mesh You can sketch the parts you have selected by pressing SKETCH PARTS In this figure 4 parts are selected SELECT PARTS The following section shows some examples of meshes suitable for mesh independent folding SKETCH PARTS H SELECT PARTS H au none Ficrer vis ev PAR TCs Cin hd Fz lower steel tophatO s0m Ps steel_tophat_reintorceme PS sill sauan_ neck P20 fimpactor_CE dummy_sh P24 suppont_negx CE dumm P26 suppont_posx_CE dumm EXAMPLE 1 A square airbag is needed for mesh independent folding Top surface of airbag Page 6 18 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER Bottom surface of airbag This airbag can be used for mesh independent folding The top and bottom surfaces of the airbag are different parts both are flat and neither have holes EXAMPLE 2 Bottom surface of airbag This mesh cannot be used The bottom surface of the airbag has holes in it To overcome this we can split the bottom surface into 2 parts We also s
182. um size of elements which will Ya size be used when generating the airbag mesh aie Inflator rad The radius of the inflator atthe centre of 2202020202020202 the airbag This area will not be folded in any way The inflator area on the bottom surface of the airbag will also be put into a j tsi different part This allows the inflator part as Sa to be made rigid if necessary Unfolded rad E etemal rad 150 0 Ho of points Ho of folds Inflator rad 75 00 Unfolded The external radius of the airbag when rad unfolded flat intemal ra Section siyle AAA External The maximum radius of each point on the rad star i e the radius at the point tip zapisa VI The minimum radius of each point on the wesh mith quads and trias m ra star Section The cross section style of the folds used pper style The popup can be used to select two a7 Te different styles rp ee n Ca Separation The separation between the upper and ben lower surfaces of the airbag when 3 a unfolded flat a 4 Mesh with The airbag can be meshed either with trias i 4 y or with a mixture of mainly quads and t j trias This popup can be used to select which you want i eTe I If you change any of the options the graphic also I e n changes showing you the effect of the change For I i i 1 example the right hand figure shows the effect of i i i changing the number of points in the star fold to 24 i 1 i I I w f l 4 mm f i i t t i i
183. we need to read if we just want to overwrite the files when saving from folder However if we wanted to save the coordinates to a different file for example new_cords xml we need to also read the parent include file airbagmodule_inc xml and the main file so we can change the INCLUDE tags in those files to the new values If you do not read them and you save the include files to different names you will have to update the tags manually y ETT ae akc DISMISS LASER EXPAND ALL COLLAPSE ALL HIDE THUMBNAILS SELECTALL UNSELECTALL o rows in tree data f Amidimilesttest foldertolder4_inc_test test ml O Abelta ine xml M12 amp airbagmodule inc sml M34 m incicoords ine sml m retcoords_irnc iam m jnicfelems_inc sml E inc mat ine sml o Tinciairbagcham ine sml Page 3 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 When you have selected the include files you want to read press APPLY and the process then proceeds as normal 3 2 Model gt Write Writing out airbags to disk Model functions All internally stored airbags can be written out at any time using the CZE ite E CTET Write option This invokes the WRITE TO FILE panel shown on the right In this example only a single file is selected to write If you have 7 read multiple include files the panel will be different see section File format EE 3 2 1 Fold File Urmicdimilest test folder test Data File
184. wned by the window manager which has several sub windows inside it A typical FOLDER session will look like this E Fle Keywords Tools Display Images Wiewing Options Blanking Entities Keywords NODE SETS MEMBRANE SETS Model functions Airbag Mo spare gt lt Spare spare spare lt Spare spare Spare setting mesh independent la _ 2e Jez co EAER saa The various sub windows always exist within the master window and may be moved and resized at will inside it They will keep their relative size and position as the master window is changed in size and or shape and will reappear after Page 2 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 the main window is de iconised The default layout of the main sub windows is as follows Top menus Tools Eeywords Menu tabs Graphics area Cutrent menu panel Dialogue and list area Viewing and Drawing Commands These windows cannot be dismissed A brief description of their functions is Top menus This is included in the same window as the Graphics area It allows access to some of the basic options Graphics area Is where graphics are drawn Tools This menu provides access to many different functions available in FOLDER Keywords This provides access to all the Keywords supported by FOLDER Menu Tabs These control which option is displayed in the current menu panel Model will always be available in addit
185. ws at either end Using the left mouse button for this advances the slider by 1 unit the middle button by 10 and the right button by 100 Page 2 3 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Rotation Trans Magnif Time Angle Delta Factor Delay 2 2 3 Text boxes To enter text in a text box first make it live by clicking on it then type in text then type lt return gt to enter the string Clicking on a live box for a second time is exactly the same as typing lt return gt so clicking twice on a box effectively enters its current contents You can use the left and right arrow keys for line editing within a box text entry takes place after the current cursor position Control U U will delete the entire text box contents You can drop the current X Windows cut paste buffer contents into a text box with the middle mouse button just as you would in a shell terminal window Apply TRANSLATE ho object defined 4 12 dist 2 2 4 Radio boxes A radio set is provided where only one selection is possible from a range of options In this example the view update frequency has been set to level 2 To select click anywhere on the row of the relevant option any previously selected item will be deselected View Update Level _ 1 None 2 Medium 3 Frequent 2 2 5 Menu selections Menus of items are used when you need to make one or more selections from a potentially long list Click on the row
186. yered mode should be used Penetrations at tip No Penetrations By default the folder attempts to locate the middle fibre of the unfolded material Everything above the middle fibre is pushed up and everything below the middle fibre is pushed down so that the tip can be inserted and clearance maintained This can be overridden if FOLDER selects the wrong location using ZSPLIT which prompts the user to pick two nodes These define a plane whose normal vector starts mid way between these nodes The layers are then separated above and below this plane SCALE allows the user to reducing the pinching that occurs at the fold tip by increasing the node separation Page 6 47 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Spiral Fold Rolling layers into a spiral Spiral fold Th The Spiral fold is used to roll up a flat bag An Archimedean spiral radius is proportional to angle is used and a a FOLDER attempts to keep the characteristic element length constant at E T e A the middle fibre of the bag The adjacent figure shows the fold definition and Fold Type Angle Direction Up Down Fold point options menu for the spiral fold G E DA a FOLDER tries to preserve a constant arc length for Fold Separation 27 CETE Tolerant ooo o oo the middle fibre of the bag as it is rolled which presents problems at the spiral centre where the SUBSET FOLDING radius tends to zero and will always be smaller than the elements
187. you want to select clicking on a row that is already selected will have the effect of deselecting it Page 2 4 User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 Madymo FOLDER SELECT ITEM Where selecting more than item would be valid you can drag click hold down and MONE move down the menu to select multiple items Alternatively the lt click gt start of range aul monel ria ka lt shift gt lt click gt end of range method cf Windows may be used SSE When the list is too long to display in the window you can use the vertical scroll bars to OBJECT TYPE move up and down it The filter button allows a subset of the selected entities to be RESTART offered e g only those parts of a particular material type See section 6 0 2 for more AIRBAG information on filtering The menus are refreshed automatically after creation editing or FOLD SET deletion of data alternatively the R button can be used to refresh the button By default menus will expand horizontally when you move the mouse into them in order to show more of their contents 2 2 6 Shortcut keys Certain functions can be accessed by pressing a key on the keyboard Below is a list of the keys and their effects ff FoRMaTION mF Short cut key mapping Autoscale current image E Blanking control panel R Reverse blanking of image U Unblank all E Entity visibility panel M Measure panel 0 Display Options panel S00m using cursor Yo View control pan
188. ze and margins 7 3 Creating Encapsulated Postscript EPS files 7 4 Notes on laser plotting 7 5 JPEG BITMAP 7 0 LASER Introduction to Laser Plotting By default all graphics images generated by FOLDER are sent only to the screen but you can choose to copy them to Postscript ee Laser switch on This is done by turning the Laser switch on following a er Obes which any subsequent plots are sent both to screen and to alae POStUOl ps laser files until the laser is switched off again Titl E The The adjacent figure shows the basic laser plotting panel It both controls and shows the status of the current laser file 1f Fig No I Layout any xt Colour Landscape _ 2x2 HH _ Greyscale _ Portrait 3x3 HH l l Mode Orientation Reverse Byy Normal Reversed Format Page 7 1 Madymo FOLDER User manual Release 4 0 June 2006 7 0 1 Laser language and file format used At present FOLDER only writes Postscript laser files using PS ADOBE level 2 0 commands These are ASCII files that can be viewed and edited using any common editor Encapsulated Postscript files are not written but later in section 8 4 the very simple edits required to convert a file to encapsulated form are given Laser output is switchable between A4 297 x 210mm A3 296 x 420mm and US letter 11 x 8 5 paper sizes The Postscript language makes it easy to edit files to fit other sizes 7 0 2 Colour and

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