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Scalasca User Guide - Forschungszentrum Jülich

1. user host cube_stat m time mpi p remapped cube etricRoutine Count Sum ean Variance Minimum Maximum time INCL MAIN_ 4 143 199101 35 799775 0 001783 35 759769 35 839160 time EXCL MAIN_ 4 0 078037 0 019509 0 000441 0 001156 0 037711 time task_init_ 4 0 568882 0 142221 0 001802 0 102174 0 181852 time read_input_ 4 0 101781 0 025445 0 000622 0 000703 0 051980 time decomp_ 4 0 000005 0 000001 0 000000 0 000001 0 000002 time inner_auto_ 4 142 361593 35 590398 0 000609 35 566589 35 612125 time task_end_ 4 0 088803 0 022201 0 000473 0 000468 0 043699 mpi INCL MAIN_ 4 62 530811 15 632703 2 190396 13 607989 17 162466 mpi EXCL MAIN_ 4 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 mpi task_init_ 4 0 304931 0 076233 0 001438 0 040472 0 113223 mpi read_input_ 4 0 101017 0 025254 0 000633 0 000034 0 051952 mpi decomp_ 4 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 pi inner_auto_ 4 62 037503 15 509376 2 194255 13 478049 17 031288 mpi task_end_ 4 0 087360 0 021840 0 000473 0 000108 0 043333 user host cube_stat t33 remapped cube p m time mpi visits Region NumberOfCalls ExclusiveTime InclusiveTime time mpi visits sweep_ 48 76 438435 130 972847 76 438435 0 000000 48 PI_Recv 39936 36 632249 36 632249 36 632249 36 632249 39936 PI_Send 39936 17 684986 17 684986 17 684986 17 684986 39936 PI_Allreduce 128 7 383530 7 383530 7 383530 7 383530 128 source_ 48 3 059890 3 059890 3 059890 0 000000 48 PI_Barrier 12 0 382902 0
2. 28 1 6 Plugins that system item Multiple items may be selected or deselected by holding down the Ctrl key while clicking on an item 2 Info By right clicking on a grid element an information widget appears with information about the system item assigned to it The information contains e the coordinate of the grid point in each topology dimension e the hardware node to which the attached system item belongs to e the system item s name e its MPI rank e its identifier e and its value followed by the percentage of this value on the scale between the minimal and maximal topology values 3 Rotation about the x and y axes can be done with left mouse drag click and hold the left mouse button while moving the mouse 4 Increasing decreasing the distance between the planes with Ctrl lt left mouse drag gt 5 Moving the whole topology up down left right with Shift lt left mouse drag gt 1 6 1 1 Topology mapping panel If the number of topology dimensions is larger than three the first three dimensions are shown and an additional control panel appears below the displayed topology This panel allows rearranging topology dimensions on the x y and z axes as well as slicing or folding of higher dimensionality topologies for presentation in three or fewer dimensions Rearranging topology dimensions is achieved simply by dragging the topology dimen sion labels to the desired axis When dragged on top of an exist
3. 3 Do you want to name the dimensions axis of this topology Y N y ame for dimension 0 torque umber of elements for dimension 0 2000 Is dimension 0 periodic y Name for dimension 1 rotation Number of elements for dimension 1 1500 Is dimension 1 periodic n Name for dimension 2 period Number of elements for dimension 2 50 Is dimension 2 periodic 55 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide n Alert The number of possible coordinates 150000000 is bigger than the number of threads on the specified cube file 12 Some positions will stay empty Topology on THREAD level Thread 0 s rank 0 coordinates in 3 dimensions separated by spaces 00 0 001 002 Writing topo cube gz done 5 So a possible input file for this cube experiment could be Test topology 2 y torque 2000 rotation 1500 period O O O 3 PE lt gt gt E a aneo the remaining coordinates And then call the assistant cube_topoassist c cubefile cube lt input txt 1 7 12 Dump To export values from the cube report into another tool or to examine internal structure of the cube report CUBE framework provedes a tool cube_dump tool which prints out different values It calculates inclusive and exclusive values along metric tree and call tree agregates over system tree or displays values for every thread separately In addition it provides user to define new metrics see file CubeDerivedMetrics pdf Results are c
4. h Help Output a brief help message 1 7 2 Merge The merge operator s purpose is the integration of performance data from different sources Often a certain combination of performance metrics cannot be measured during a single run For example certain combinations of hardware events cannot be counted si multaneously due to hardware resource limits Or the combination of performance met rics requires using different monitoring tools that cannot be deployed during the same run The merge operator takes an arbitrary number of CUBE experiments with a differ ent or overlapping set of metrics and yields a derived CUBE experiment with a joint set of metrics The possible output is presented below user host cube_merge scout cube remapped cube o result cube Merge operation begins Reading scout cube done Reading remapped cube done INFO Merging metric dimension done INFO Merging program dimension done INFO Merging system dimension done INFO Mapping severities done INFO Merge operation Topology retained in experiment Topology retained in experiment done Merge operation ends successfully Writing result cube done Usage cube_merge o output c C h cube o Name of the output file default merge cube c Do not collapse system dimension if experiments are incompatible C Collapse s
5. terface Version 2 5 May 2000 http www openmp org 1 3 K L Karavanic and B Miller A Framework for Multi Execution Performance Tun ing Parallel and Distributed Computing Practices 4 3 2001 September 2 4 FSong and F Wolf and N Bhatia and J Dongarra and S Moore An Algebra for Cross Experiment Performance Analysis Proc of ICPP 2004 63 72 2004 Augh ust Montreal Canada 2 F Wolf and B Mohr and J Dongarra and S Moore Efficient Pattern Search in Large Traces through Successive Refinement Proc of the European Conference on Par allel Computing Euro Par August September 2004 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer Pisa Italy 39 J Labarta and S Girona and V Pillet and T Cortes and L Gregoris DiP A Parallel Program Development Environment Proc of the 2nd International Euro Par Con ference Springer 665 674 Lyon France August 1996 41 5 ial 6 Tml 7 Barcelona Supercomputing Center Paraver Obtain De tailed Information from Raw Performance Traces Oct 2008 http www bsc es plantillaA php cat_id 485 41 8 ed H Brunst and W E Nagel Scalable Performance Analysis of Parallel Systems Con cepts and Experiences Proc of the Parallel Computing Conference ParCo 2003 Dresden Germany 41 9 Technical University Dresden Vampir Performance Optimization Oct 2008 http vampir eu 41 10 World Wide Web Consortium Extensible Markup Language XML 1 0 Second Edition O
6. 68 2 1 Creating CUBE Files Assigns the value value to the point met cnode thrd void add_sev Metric met Cnode cnode Thread thrd double value Adds the value value to the present value at point met cnode thrd The previous two methods set_sev and add_sev are intended to be used when the program dimension contains a call tree and not a flat profile As the flat profile does not require the definition of call tree nodes the following two functions should be used instead void set_sev Metric met Region region Thread thrd double value Assigns the value value to the point met region thrd void add_sev Metric met Region region Thread thrd double value Adds the value value to the present value at point met region thra double get_sev Metric met Cnode cnode Thread thrd const Returns the value for the point met cnode thrd Cube library provides various calls of type get_sev which allow to perform different ways of aggregations Here is the short list double get_sev Metric met CalculationFlavour mf Cnode cnode CalculationFlavour cf Thread thrd CalculationFlavour sf const double get_sev Metric met CalculationFlavour mf Region region CalculationFlavour rf Thread thrd CalculationFlavour sf const double get_sev Metric met CalculationFlavour mf Cnode cnode CalculationFlavour cf const double get_sev Met
7. A 1861 46 Idle thre 3 06e6 Visits occ 64 Synchronizations 8 48e4 Communicat 1 85e9 Bytes transf MN Y E Call tree El Flat view amp E 0 24 bt E 0 00 mpi_setup O 0 00 MPI_Bcast G fl 0 00 env_setup 0 00 zone_setup G E 0 03 map_zones 0 00 zone_starts 0 00 set_constants 8 18 initialize G fi 2 73 exact_rhs m 11 80 exch_qbc O 0 00 MPI_Barrier o 2 09 verify O 0 00 MPI_Reduce 0 00 print_results O 0 00 MPI_Finalize SJ A Al f Vv E System tree Topology 0 s lt gt Pa ROO MO NO Vv O Process 0 41 00 Thread 0 Ml 41 08 Thread 1 E 41 11 Thread 2 32 59 Thread 3 O Process 1 33 46 Thread 0 33 30 Thread 1 32 46 Thread 2 26 56 Thread 3 O Process 2 32 30 Thread 0 31 74 Thread 1 32 09 Thread 2 All 128 elements v Ready Figure 1 2 CUBE display window with expanded metric node Execution e a menu bar e three value mode combo boxes e three resizable panes each containing some tabs e three selected value information widgets e a color legend and e a status bar The three resizable panes offer different views the metric the call and the system pane You can switch between the different tabs of a pane by left clicking on the desired tab at the top of the pane Note that the order of the panes can be changed see the description of the menu item Display Dimension order in Section1 6 4 2 The metric pane provides only the metric tree browser The cal
8. Some might rise in certain parts of the program only while they drop off in other parts Finding the reason for a gain or loss in overall performance often requires considering the performance change as a multidimensional structure With CUBE s difference operator a user can view this structure by computing the difference between two experiments and rendering the derived result experiment like an original one The difference operator takes two experiments and computes a derived experiment whose severity function reflects the difference between the minuend s severity and the subtrahend s severity The possible output is presented below user host cube_diff scout cube remapped cube o result cube Reading scout cube done Reading remapped cube done Diff operation begins INFO Merging metric dimension done INFO Merging program dimension done INFO Merging system dimension done INFO Mapping severities done INFO Adding topologies Topology retained in experiment done INFO Diff operation done Diff operation ends successfully 46 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools Writing result cube done Usage cube_diff o output c C h minuend subtrahend o Name of the output file default diff cube c Do not collapse system dimension if experiments are incompatible C Collapse system dimension
9. cube_topoassist OPTION cubefile The current available options are e To create a new topology in an existing cube file e To re name an existing virtual topology and To re name the dimensions of a virtual topology The command line switches for this utility are c creates a new topology in a given cube file n displays a numbered list of the existing topologies in the given cube file and lets the user choose one to be named or renamed d displays the existing topologies and lets the user name the dimensions of one of them The resulting CUBE file is named topo cube gz in the current directory As mentioned abot when using the d or n command line options a numbered list of the current topologies will appear showing the topology names its dimension names when existing and the number of coordinates in each dimension as well as the total number of threads This is an example of the usage cube_topoassist topo cube gz n Reading topo cube gz Please wait Done Processes are ordered by rank For more information about this file use cube_info S lt cube experiment gt This CUBE has 3 topologie s 0 lt Unnamed topology gt 3 dimensions x 3 y 1 z 4 Total 12 threads 1 Test topology 1 dimensions dim_x 12 Total 12 threads 2 lt Unnamed topology gt 3 dimensions 3 1 4 Total 12 threads lt Dimensions are not named gt Topology to re name 1 New name Hardware topology
10. it is needed to click on the button keep on the stack then the next graph will be added over the previous one or in another words it is overlaid on the last graph If its values are less than the previous graph user can see two graphs by different colors that help him her in comparing and in a situation that new values are greater than previous one the new one will cover the previous with fresh color Therefore for keeping the top row of the stack the user should click on the keep the stack button otherwise the coming values will replace the last one Clean Stack By clicking this button all displayed graphs are erased and the stack will be empty 34 1 6 Plugins Operation Color a A Minimum y Moreen 7 Keep on Stac Clean Stac Figure 1 18 BARPLOT toolbar 1 6 3 3 Menu Bar Plugin menu offers the general function to enable or disable a plugin and specific func tions for each plugin Barplot plugin provides the following functions in two areas Measurement Customization and Threads Ruler Customization Fiqure1 22 eno cube m Measurements Customization m Ruler Customization ct y 0 00000000 Draw 3 a major ticks Draw 2 minor ticks m Top Notch Value Bottom Notch Value Set automatically Set Automatically Set to fo C Set to fo a m Iterations Ruler Customization C Draw major tick every fo 4 iterations Draw j2 4 major ticks Draw 2 ai minor ti
11. out lt lt cube 79 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API 80 Chapter 3 Appendix 3 Appendix 3 1 File format of statistics files Statistic files for an example see3 1 are simply text files which contain the necessary data The first line is always ignored but should look similar to that in the example as it simplifies the understanding for the human reader All values in a statistic file are simply separated by an arbitrary number of spaces For each pattern there is a line PatternName MetricID Count Mean Median Minimum Maximum Sum Variance Quartil25 Quartil75 LateBroadcast 6 4 0 010 0 000031 0 000004 0 042856 0 042 0 000459 cnode 5 enter 0 245877 exit 0 256608 duration 0 042856 WaitAtBarrier 18 20 0 018 0 006477 0 000002 0 065293 0 369 0 000698 0 000040 cnode 14 enter 0 192332 exit 0 192378 duration 0 000100 cnode 12 enter 0 326120 exit 0 335651 duration 0 065293 BarrierCompletion 17 20 0 000 0 000005 0 000002 0 000018 0 000 0 000000 0 000003 cnode 14 enter 0 192332 exit 0 192378 duration 0 000009 cnode 12 enter 0 159321 exit 0 165005 duration 0 000018 WaitAtIBarrier 27 144 0 001 0 000027 0 000001 0 028451 0 212 0 000028 0 000002 cnode 11 enter 0 297292 exit 0 297316 duration 0 000057 cnode 10 enter 0 322577 exit 0 332093 duration 0 028451 Figure 3 1 An example of a statistic file which contains at least the pattern name as plain text without spaces its c
12. 00 error_norm O 0 00 exact_rhs O 0 00 exch_qbc FO 0 00 get_comm_index amp O 0 00 initialize amp CO 0 00 map_zones E O 0 00 mpi_setup FO 0 00 print_results E n ANAN rhs norm F 41 30 Thread 1 41 33 Thread 2 32 80 Thread 3 O Process 1 33 73 Thread 0 33 49 Thread 1 32 65 Thread 2 26 73 Thread 3 O Process 2 32 56 Thread 0 31 93 Thread 1 32 28 Thread 2 All 128 elements lt Figure 1 8 CUBE flat profile 41 31 1 55 2664 43 Each tree has its own context menu which can be activated by a right mouse click within the tree s window If you right click on one of the tree s nodes this node gets framed and serves as a reference node for some of the menu items If you click outside of tree 17 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide items there is no refernce node and some menu items are disabled The context menu consists depending on the type of the tree of some of the following items If you move the mouse over a context menu item the status bar displays some explanation of the functionality of that item 1 Ze Collapse all For all trees Collapses all nodes in the tree Collapse subtree For all trees Enabled only if there is a reference node It collapses all nodes in the subtree of the reference node including the reference node Collapse peers For system trees only Enabled only if there is a reference node Collapses all peer nodes of the reference node 1 e
13. API The class interface defines a class Cube The class provides a default constructor and nearly forty methods The methods are divided into five groups The first three groups are used to define the three dimensions of the performance space forth group is used to enter the actual data and last group is used to open or to save the cube report In addition an output operator lt lt to export the data into CUBE3 format is provided 2 1 1 1 Metric Dimension This group refers to the metric dimension of the performance space It consists of a single method used to build metric trees Each node in the metric tree represents a performance metric Metrics have different units of measurement The unit can be either sec i e seconds for time based metrics such as execution time or occ 1 e occurrences for event based metrics such as floating point operations During the establishment of a metric tree a child metric is usually more specific than its parent and both of them have the same unit of measurement Thus a child performance metric has to be a subset of its parent metric e g system time is a subset of execution time Metric def_met const std string amp disp_name const std string amp uniq_name const std string amp dtype const std string uom const std string amp val const std string url const std string descr Metric parent TypeOfMetric type_of_metric CUBE_METRIC_EXCLUSIVE const std strin
14. Like for dynamic hiding for expanded nodes with some hidden children and for nodes with all of its children hidden their displayed exclusive value includes the hidden children s inclusive value The percentage of the hidden children is shown in brackets next to this aggregate value No hiding Not available for metric trees This menu item deactivates any hiding and shows all hidden nodes Find items For all trees Opens a dialog to get a regular expression from the user If the user called the context menu over an item the default text is the name of the reference node otherwise it is the last regular expression which was searched for If select items is checked items matching the regular expression also become se lected If select items is unchecked all non hidden nodes whose names contain the given text are marked with a yellow background and all collapsed nodes whose subtree contains such a non hidden node by a light yellow background The current node found that is initialized to the first found node is marked by a distinguished yellow hue Find next For all trees Changes the current found node to the next found node If you did not start a search yet then you are asked for the regular expression to search for Clear found items For all trees Removes the background markings of the pre ceding find items Define subset Only for system tree Uses the currently selected system resources e g from a preceding Find
15. OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT IN CIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBIL ITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 111 Chapter 0 Copyright 1v Contents Contents Copyright iii 1 Cube User Guide 1 AA AAA 1 12 0 AMA 1 1 3 Command line options swe cede edendew te dideddgs 3 1 4 Environment variables 2 rn RRS RSH SES ORS ae 3 1 5 Usingthe Display sc es s sea co wo ws oo ee ee ede a 4 Le PAS re nmo seie A Boe Ow pa laa ee aoii 26 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools nonoa 46 2 CUBE4 API 63 21 eens CUBE Piles co Aes eee eos MO a we wee eS 63 3 Appendix 81 3 1 Fileformat OF statistics y e sk x SREY ERK esre 81 Bibliography 83 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 Cube User Guide 1 1 Abstract CUBE is a presentation component suitable for displaying performance data for parallel programs in cluding MPI and OpenOpenMP applications Program performance is represented in a multi dimensional space including various program and system resources The tool allows the interactive exploration of this space in a scalable fashion and browsing the differe
16. Topology successfully re named Writing topo cube gz done The process is similar for re naming dimensions within a topology One characteristic is that either all dimensions are named or none 54 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools One could easily create a script to generate the coordinates according to some algo rithm equation and feed this to the assistant as an input The only requirement is to answer the questions in the order they appear and after that feed the coordinates Coor dinates are asked for in rank order and inside every rank in thread order The sequence of questions made by the assistant when creating a new topology the c switch is e New topology s name e Number of dimensions e Will the above dimensions be named Y N e If yes asks the name Empty is not valid e Number of coordinates in that dimension e Asks if this dimension is either periodic or not Y N e Repeat the previous three steps for every dimension e After that it expects the coordinates for each thread in this topology separated by spaces in the order described above This is a sample session of the assistant cube_topoassist c experiment cube gz Reading experiment cube gz Please wait Done Processes are ordered by rank For more information about this file use cube_info S lt cube experimen So far only cartesian topologies are accepted ame for new topology Test topology umber of Dimensions
17. are able to see which fraction of a metric is associated with a region exclusively that is without its regions called from there Tree displays are controlled by the left and right mouse buttons and some keyboard keys The left mouse button is used to select or expand collapse a node You can ex pand collapse a node by left clicking on the attached sign and select it by left clicking elsewhere in the node s line To select multiple items Ctrl lt left mouse click gt can be used Selection without the Ctrl key deselects all previously selected nodes and selects the clicked node In single selection mode you can also use the up down arrows to move the selection one node up down The right mouse button is used to pop up a context menu with node specific information such as online documentation see the description of the context menu below File Display Plugins Help Absolute v Absolute v Absolute v E Metric tree ES call tree El Flat view E System tree BE Topology o E c O 0 00 Time sec FO 0 00 MPI_Waitall A O IBM BG P HO 0 00 TRACING M O ROO MO NO 0 00 MPI amp O 0 00 add O Process 0 O 0 00 OMP 6 O 0 00 adi 1 00 Overhead 1861 46 Idle thre 3 06e6 Visits occ 64 Synchronizations 8 48e4 Communicat 1 85e9 Bytes transf 447 01 Computation KC lt gt 0 00 2664 6 5358 56 Ready ic 0 00 bt O 0 00 compute_rhs O 0 00 copy_x face o 0 00 copy_y face O 0 00 env_setup amp O 0
18. const std vector lt bool gt amp periodv Defines a new Cartesian topology ndims and dimv specify the number of dimensions and the size of each dimension periodv specifies the periodicity for each dimension Currently the maximum value for ndims is three void def_coords Cartesian cart Sysres sys const std vector lt long gt amp coordv Maps a specific system resource onto a Cartesian coordinate The system resource sys may be a machine SMPnode process or a thread It is not recommended to map a mixed set of entities onto one topology e g machines and threads are located in the same topology The parameter of cart has been defined by the above def_cart method const std vector lt Cartesian gt amp get_cartv const Returns a vector of all cartesian topologies available in the CUBE object const Cartesian get_cart int i const Returns in i th topology in the CUBE object 2 1 1 5 Severity Mapping After the establishment of the performance space users can assign severity values to points of the space Each point is identified by a tuple met cnode thrd The value should be inclusive with respect to the metric but exclusive with respect to the call tree node that is it should not cover its children The default severity value for the data points left undefined is zero Thus users only need to define non zero data points void set_sev Metric met Cnode cnode Thread thrd double value
19. expanded non leaf system nodes and of nodes of trees on the left hand side of the metric tree are not defined If the value mode is not the absolute value mode then in the second line similar information is displayed for the absolute values in a light gray color In case of multiple selection the information refers to the sum of all selected values In case of multiple selection in system trees in the peer distribution and in the peer percent modes this sum does not state any valuable information but is displayed for consistency reasons If the widget width is not large enough to display all numbers in the given precision then a part of the number displays get cut down and a indicates that not all digits could be displayed Below these numbers in the third line a small color bar shows the position of the color of the selected node in the color legend In case of undefined values the legend is filled with a gray grid 1 5 2 6 Color legend By default the colors are taken from a spectrum ranging from blue over cyan green and yellow to red representing the whole range of possible values You can change the color settings in the menu Display gt General coloring see Section1 6 4 2 Exact zero values are represented by the color white in topologies you can decide whether you would like to use white or the minimal color see Section1 6 4 2 menu Topology 25 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 5 2 7 Status Bar The st
20. extensive online descrip tion for the reference node Disabled if no online description is available c Location Displays information about the module and position within the module line numbers where the callee method of the reference node is de fined d Source code Opens an editor for displaying editing and saving the source code of the callee of the reference node Begin and end of the relevant region are highlighted If the specified source code does not exists you are asked to choose a file to open 23 Min max values Not for metric trees Here you can activate and deactivate the application of user defined minimal and maximal values for the color extremes i e the values corresponding to the left and right end of the color legend If you activate user defined values for the color extremes you are asked to define two values that should correspond to the minimal and to the maximal colors All values outside of this interval will get the color gray Note that canceling any of the input windows causes no changes in the coloring method If user defined min max 21 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 24 23 26 27 values are activated the selected value information widget see Section1 5 2 5 displays a u for user defined behind the minimal and maximal color values Statistics Only available if a statistics file for the current CUBE file is pro vided Displays statistical information about the inst
21. horizontal axis will be divided to the specified number and major ticks are drawn by length longer than minor ticks Then in each divided length if there is enough space the specified number of minor ticks will be displayed It is possible that the user set major ticks by interval of iterations In order to do that select the major ticks by interval option and set the interval Therefore after each specified number of iterations one major tick will be drawn 1 6 4 HeatmapPlugin HEATMAP plugin is a CUBE plugin that represents the value of the thread in each iteration as colors The User can apply different metrics and call paths on heatmap graph 1 6 4 1 Basic Principles As a Start point it should be mentioned that HEATMAP works only on CUBE file that has iterations For those files which have not user would face the warning on the terminal No iterations for Heatmap and the plugin will not be shown By loading the plugin on system dimension the corresponding tab Heatmap will be added Figure1 20 displays a view of it User can select different metrics such as Visits and Time by clicking on them in metric dimension In addition it is possible to get a HEATMAP for different call paths of iterations via clicking on them However for call paths that are not located in iterations like input_in figure1 21 no heatmap graph is displayed and user face the message No data to display ona window Furthermore the values on HEAT
22. in 6 799e 05_ 6 163e 05_ 5 528e 05 0 06 cpsO 3 39 cpsO 0 01 cpsO Ml 0 86 iteratior E 0 88 iteratior IM 0 86 iteratior 0 88 iteratior Ml 0 88 iteratior ff 0 88 iteratior W 1 17 iteratior W 1 16 iteratior Wi 1 16 iteratior 1 16 iteratioul 1 076e 05 4 4e 06 0 00 5746 5 5746 55 0 00 0 00 0 00 5746 55 0 00 0 00 100 00 0 00 A EEE ly Figure 1 16 BARPLOT display window graph and select Save as image then the Save dialog will be opened to specifying the path and name of the PNG file 1 6 3 2 Toolbar On the top of the Barplot space there is a toolbar that allows user to specify the kind of an operation and its color Figure1 18 By operation item the user can select different operations Minimum Maximum Aver age Median Ist Quartile and 3rd Quartile or the combination of Maximum Minimum and Average This provides the situation for the user to have different values for compar ing at one time These operations are done on all threads in each iterations For instance by Minimum operation the minimum value among the existing threads for each iteration is calculated and plotted They are kind of statistical measurements Color item offers a color for an operation however for each operation a default color is assigned automatically By changing the operation corr
23. lt level gt and name regexp are shortcuts for a build in CubePL expression which is used to select a call path e leafs stands for cube callpath tchildren calculation callpath id 0 ye return a roots stands for cube callpath parent id calculation callpath id 1 oe po return a e level N stands for level N o i a ae S cube callpath parent i l 1 i cube callpath nen d i 7 S index S index 1 5 a 0 if index level S a 1 return a name regexp stands for S a 0 if cube region name calculation region id regexp S a 1 return a y level lt N and level gt N differ from level N in the boolean operation in the line 8 For detailed documentation of the syntax of CubePL please see 12 62 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API 2 CUBE4 API 2 1 Creating CUBE Files The CUBE data format in a tar envelope having extension cubex with various files Description of the cube stored in file anchor xm1 10 inside of the cubex instance The data stored in binary format in various files inside of the cubex file The CUBE library provides an interface to create CUBE files It is a simple class interface and includes only a few methods This section first describes the CUBE APland then presents a simple C program as an example of how to use it 2 1 1 CUBE
24. module line numbers of the caller of the reference node b Source code Opens an editor for displaying editing and saving the source code where the call for which the reference node stays for happens The 20 1 5 Using the Display ES call tree E Flat view ES call tree Flat view amp Bl 4 main fl 4 main E 4 MAIN 0 dE 4 MAIN E fl 20 init_ G 20 init W 52 initializematrix_ a 4 jacobimod MOD jacobi m ft fl 140 instance 1 6 80e4 _ jacobimod_MOD_ E 140 instance 2 6 40e4 omp parallel ja E E 4 instance 3 4000 MPI_Allreduce 68 _jacobimod_MOD_e 8 checkerror_ 64 omp parallel jacc 4 printresults_ 4 MPI_Allreduce 8 finish_ fl 140 instance 4 fl 140 instance 5 t fl 140 instance 6 Y Y O gt E gt Figure 1 9 The item main_loop with 1000 iteration is marked as a loop The aggregated view on the right is the result of selecting Hide iterations begin and the end of the relevant source code region are highlighted If the specified source file is not found you are asked to chose a file to open c Set as loop Marks the selected tree item as loop All subitems are treated as iterations An additional context menu item Hide iterations appears 22 Called region For call trees only Enabled only if there is a reference node Offers information about the reference node a Info Gives some short information about the reference node b Online description Shows some usually more
25. over value mode combo select value mode over tab switch to tab in tree select deselect expand collapse items in topology select item lt right mouse click gt in tree context menu in topology context information Ctrl lt left mouse click gt in tree multiple selection deselection lt left mouse drag gt over scroll bar scroll in topology rotate topology Ctrl lt left mouse drag gt in topology increase plane distance Shift lt left mouse drag gt in topology move topology lt scroll mouse wheel gt in topology zoom in out Up arrow in tree move selection one item up single selection only in topology scroll area scroll one unit up Down arrow in tree move selection one item down single selection only in topology scroll area scroll one unit down Left arrow in scroll area scroll to the left Right arrow in scroll area scroll to the right Page up in tree topology scroll area scroll one page up Page down in tree topology scroll area scroll one page down 1 6 7 2 Source code editor Control in read only mode 44 1 6 Plugins Up Arrow Move one line up Down Arrow Move one line down Left Arrow Scroll one character to the left if horizontally scrollable Right Arrow Scroll one character to the right if horizontally scrollable Page Up Move one viewport page up Pa
26. specific func tions for each plugin Heatmap plugin provides the following functions in two areas horizontal tick and vertical ticks Fiqure1 22 Horizontal ticks For adjusting the major horizontal ticks user can set the drawing intervals or the number of ticks By specifying the number of major ticks the width of the horizontal axis will be divided to the specified number and major ticks are drawn by length longer than minor ticks Then in each divided length if there is enough space the specified number of minor ticks will be displayed Also it is possible that the user set major ticks by interval of iterations In order to do that select the major ticks by interval option and set the interval Therefore after each specified number of iterations one major tick will be drawn Vertical ticks For adjusting the major vertical ticks user can set the drawing intervals or the number of ticks By specifying the number of major ticks the length of the vertical axis will be divided to the specified number and major ticks are drawn by length longer 37 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 600 X cube 4 3 0 yazdani OpenMP Indeed_Example4 iteration unwind cubex File Display Plugins Help Absolute Absolute Absolute y BB system tree l Barplot Heatmap J soxplot E Metric tree 4 10e6 Visits E cal tree l E 00 MAIN 0 77 duration_ 0 00 Minimum 1002 61 Maxin 8 18 driver_ 0 31 einink_ E 0 17 in
27. the CUBE GUL If you activate this menu item you switch to the What s this mode If you now click on a widget an appropriate help text is shown The mode is left when help is given or when you press Esc Another way to ask the question is to move the focus to the relevant widget and press Shift F1 d About Opens a dialog with release information e Selected metric description Opens a new window showing the description of the currently selected metric equivalent to Online description in the metric tree context menu Disabled if online information is unavailable f Selected region description Opens a new window showing the description of the currently selected region equivalent to Online description in the call tree context menu Disabled if online information is unavailable 13 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 5 2 2 Value modes Each tree view has its own value mode combobox a drop down menu above the tree where it is possible to change the way the severity values are displayed The default value mode is the Absolute value mode In this mode as explained below the severity values from the CUBE file are displayed However sometimes these values may be hard to interpret and in such cases other value modes can be applied Basically there are three categories of additional value modes The first category presents all severities in the tree as percentage of a reference value The reference value can be the absol
28. the context menu of the call tree to select the Max severity in trace browser menu item which will then zoom all connected trace browsers to the most severe instance of the selected pattern with respect to the chosen call path see Figure1 25 42 1 6 Plugins File Display Topology Help T ti an alela l Karoti 290 y rot 40 ie gt Absolute Absolute Peer distribution a E Metric tree Call tree Flat view System tree E Box Plot Topology 0 E 0 0 00 Time sec fal Ooooh 4 amp 0 BMBGP o i E E 41 32 Execution amp o 0 00 mpi_setup ROO MO NO O 0 00 MPI_Bcast Process 0 0 01 MPI amp 10 00 Synchronization E IE 0 00 Collective 4 46 Wait at Barrier E 0 00 Barrier Completion E O 0 00 Communication E fl 4 52 Point to point 0 00 Late Receiver 60 Collective O 0 00 Early Reduce F O 0 00 Early Scan Il 0 11 Late Broadcast FO 0 00 Wait at NxN O 0 00 Nx N Completion E 2 00 Init Exit EL 0 00 OMP FO 0 00 Flush E E 4 39 Management L E 14 73 Fork 0 00 Synchronization 0 00 Barrier 0 00 Explicit L O 0 00 Wait at Barrier E 5 89 Implicit im a 5 0 01 Critical 0 00 Lock API 0 00 Ordered F lll 0 03 Overhead amp O 0 00 Idle threads H il 1 64e4 Visits occ amp E 2 Synch
29. the right in the topology toolbar Move left E Moves the whole topology to the left Move right E Moves the whole topology to the right Move up t Moves the whole topology upwards Move down Y Moves the whole topology downwards Increase plane distance E Increase the distance between the planes of the topology Decrease plane distance H Decrease the distance between the planes of the topology Zoom in ES Enlarge the topology Zoom out ES Scale down the topology t Reset l Reset the display It scales the topology such that it fits into the visible rect angle and transforms it into a default position Scale into window E It scales the topology such that it fits into the visible rectangle without transformations Set minimum maximum values for coloring Similarly to the functions offered in the context menu of trees see Section1 5 2 4 you can activate and deactivate the application of user defined minimal and maximal values for the color extremes i e the values corresponding to the left and right end of the color legend If you activate user defined values for the color extremes you are asked to define two val ues that should correspond to the minimal and to the maximal colors All values outside of this interval will get the color gray Note that canceling any of the input 31 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide windows causes no changes in the coloring method If user defined min max val ues are activated the sele
30. visibility of the nodes a Redefine threshold This menu item is enabled if dynamic hiding is already activated This function allows to re define the dynamic hiding threshold as described above During dynamic hiding for expanded nodes with some hidden children and for nodes with all of its children hidden their displayed exclusive value includes the hidden children s inclusive value The percentage of the hidden children is shown in brackets next to this aggregate value 18 1 5 Using the Display 9 10 11 12 13 14 Static hiding Not available for metric trees This menu item activates static hid ing All currently hidden nodes stay hidden Additionally you can hide and show nodes using the now enabled sub items a Static hiding of minor values Enabled only in the static hiding mode As described under dynamic hiding you are asked for a hiding threshold All nodes whose current color position on the color scale is below this percentage threshold get hidden However in contrast to dynamic hiding these hidings are static Even if after some value changes the color position of a hidden node gets above the threshold the node stays hidden b Hide this Enabled only in the static hiding mode if there is a reference node Hides the reference node c Show children of this Enabled only in the static hiding mode if there is a reference node Shows all hidden children of the reference node if any
31. 00 10 Peer distribution For the system tree only The peer distribution mode shows the percentage of the system nodes inclusive absolute values on the scale between the minimum and the maximum of peer inclusive absolute values For example if there are 3 threads with absolute values 100 120 and 200 then they have the peer distribution values 0 20 and 100 11 External percent Available for all trees if the metric tree is the left most widget To facilitate the comparison of different experiments users can choose the external percentage mode to display percentages relative to another data set The external percentage mode is basically like the metric root percentage mode except that the value equal to 100 is determined by another data set Note that in all modes only the leaf nodes in the system hierarchy i e processes or threads have associated severity values All other hierarchy levels i e machines nodes and eventually processes are only used to structure the hierarchy This means that their 15 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide oo 99 severity is undefined denoted by a minus sign when they are expanded 1 5 2 3 System resource subsets By default all system resources typically threads are included when determining box plot statistics Other defined subsets can be chosen from the combobox below the box plot such as Visited threads which are only those threads that visited the currently sel
32. 3 44 115097986 3 486614165 3 940738098 0 539393011 2 723353088 2 61159706 3 108220977 0 635220741 3 3 3 0 2 2 2 oOo 0 30014 WD H 788284208 831524441 652044759 629776666 692885677 719330066 732487708 OOOO OO COO CO CO OC OO O CO 4 4 8 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 o eB WN EF O amp O Print out the data of the metric New Metricl main id 0 0 0 80 549003343 0 1 79769313486e 308 0 2 1 79769313486e 308 0 3 1 79769313486e 308 0 4 80 539393011 0 5 1 79769313486e 308 0 6 1 79769313486e 308 0 7 1 79769313486e 308 0 8 80 635220741 0 9 1 79769313486e 308 0 10 1 79769313486e 308 0 11 1 79769313486e 308 0 12 80 629776666 0 13 1 79769313486e 308 0 14 1 79769313486e 308 58 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools 0 15 1 79769313486e 308 Print out the data of the metric New Metric2 main id 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 1 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 1 0 9 0 0 10 0 0 11 0 0 12 1 0 13 0 0 14 0 0 15 0 Example 2 Scube_dump m time metric visits e metric time i metric visits e c 0 t aggr z inc l s human profile cubex DATA Print out the da main id 0 841 Print out the da main id 0 210 Print out the da ta of the metric time threads 755571994 ta of the metric New Metricl threads 438892999 ta of the metric New Metric2 All threads main id 0 4 Example 3 Scube_dump m time metr
33. 382902 0 382902 0 382902 12 flux_err_ 48 0 380047 1 754759 0 380047 0 000000 48 TRACING 8 0 251017 0 251017 0 251017 0 000000 8 PI_Bcast 16 0 189381 0 189381 0 189381 0 189381 16 PI_Tnit 0 170402 0 419989 0 170402 0 170402 4 snd_real_ 39936 0 139266 17 824251 0 139266 0 000000 39936 PI_Finalize 4 0 087360 0 088790 0 087360 0 087360 4 initialize_ 4 0 084858 0 168192 0 084858 0 000000 4 initxs_ 4 0 083242 0 083242 0 083242 0 000000 4 AIN 4 0 078037 143 199101 0 078037 0 000000 4 rcv_real_ 39936 0 077341 36 709590 0 077341 0 000000 39936 inner_ 4 0 034985 142 337220 0 034985 0 000000 4 inner_auto_ 4 0 024373 142 361593 0 024373 0 000000 4 task_init_ 0 014327 0 568882 0 014327 0 000000 4 read_input_ 4 0 000716 0 101781 0 000716 0 000000 4 octant_ 416 0 000581 0 000581 0 000581 0 000000 416 global_real_max_ 48 0 000441 1 374712 0 000441 0 000000 48 global_int_sum_ 48 0 000298 5 978850 0 000298 0 000000 48 global_real_sum_ 32 0 000108 0 030815 0 000108 0 000000 32 barrier_sync_ 12 0 000105 0 383007 0 000105 0 000000 12 bcast_int_ 12 0 000068 0 189395 0 000068 0 000000 12 timers 2 0 000044 0 000044 0 000044 0 000000 2 initgeom_ 4 0 000042 0 000042 0 000042 0 000000 4 51 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide initsnc_ 4 0 000038 0 000050 0 000038 0 000000 task_end_ 4 0 000013 0 088803 0 000013 0 000000 bcast_real_ 4 0 000010 0 000065 0 000010 0 000000 decomp_ 4 0 000005 0 000005 0 000005 0 000000 timers_ 2 0 000004 0 000048 0 000004 0 000000 Usag
34. 9769313486e 308 0 1 10 43 831524441 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 11 43 652044759 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 12 80 629742485 80 629742485 1 L 13 42 692885677 1 79769313486e 308 0 L 14 42 719330066 1 79769313486e 308 0 L 15 42 732487708 1 79769313486e 308 0 Example 5 Scube_dump m time metric visits e metric time i metric visits e c 1 z incl s R profile cubex o output_file This will generate binary file output_file which can be loaded in R In consists of three matrices each one corresponding to one metric Each matrix is named after the metric and it contains values for all threads and nodes Example 6 We select only call path names starting with main using the CubePL expression stored in file name selection cubepl a 0 if cube region name calculation region id main a 1 return a Then cube_dump m time metric visits e metric time i metric visits e z incl t aggr profile cubex c selection cubepl Y DATA Print out the data of the metric time All threads 841 755571994 840 73706946 main id 0 main_loop id 12 Print out the data of the metric New Metricl 61 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide All threads main id 0 210 438892999 main_loop id 12 0 210184267365 Print out the data of the metric New Metric2 All threads main id 0 4 main_loop id 12 4000 wom Options leafs roots level level
35. A J LICH FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM CUBE 4 3 2 User Guide Generic Display for Application Performance Data June 14 2015 The Scalasca Development Team scalasca fz juelich de 11 Chapter 0 Copyright Copyright Copyright 1998 2015 Forschungszentrum J lich GmbH Germany Copyright 2009 2015 German Research School for Simulation Sciences GmbH J lich Aachen Germany All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are per mitted provided that the following conditions are met e Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer e Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution e Neither the names of Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH or German Research School for Simulation Sciences GmbH J lich Aachen nor the names of their con trioutors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBU TORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPY RIGHT
36. Absolute vw Absolute vw Peer distribution v E Metric tree E Call tree El Flat view E System tree 4 Topology 0 E gt 5 7 a vvo enw scrap i 0 00 zone_setup as G W 0 03 map_zones H 0 00 zone_starts Il 0 00 set_constants G E 8 18 initialize 2 73 exact_rhs 0 00 Time sec G 2664 6 0 00 MPI 0 00 OMP 1 00 Overhead 1861 46 Idle thre 3 06e6 Visits occ 64 Synchronizations 8 48e4 Communicat 1 85e9 Bytes transf 447 01 Computation F 0 28 adi O 0 00 compute_rhs 0 00 x_solve 0 00 y_solve 0 00 z_solve O 0 00 add 0 00 MPI_Barrier 2 09 verify 0 00 MPI_Reduce 0 00 print_results A 0 00 MPI_Finalize oH O gt Ready a Figure 1 13 Topology Displays 27 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide The Cartesian grid is presented by planes stacked on top of each other in a three dimen sional projection The number of planes depends on the number of dimensions in the grid Each plane is divided into tiles typically shown as rombi The number of tiles depends on the dimension size Each tile represents a system resource e g a process of the application and has a coordinate associated with it The current value of each grid element with respect to the selections on the left hand side and to the current value mode is represented by coloring the grid element Coloring is
37. MAP can be evaluated in Inclusive and Exclusive man ner Therefore user can easily collapse the tree on call path and click on the desired path to get the exclusive value of it Additionally the exact calculated values can be seen by clicking left button of mouse on the desired position on the graph a tooltip would display a value corresponding to the iteration In a situation that user needs to store the graph it is just needed to do right click on a graph and select Save as image then the Save dialog will be opened to specifying the path and name of the PNG file 36 1 6 Plugins en IX cube 4 3 0 yazdani OpenMP Indeed_Example4 iteration unwind cubex File Display Plugins Help Absolute Absolute Absolute E metric tree E system tree Barplot Heatmap l JE soxrlot 4 10e6 Visits E A 5 2 amp F SB Ww un s S se 0 00 Minimum 1002 61 Maxin E O 0 00 dura E 0 02 rs 0 0 06 cpsO 3 39 cps0 0 01 cps0 0 86 iteratior 0 88 iteratior 0 86 iteratior 0 88 iteratior 0 88 iteratior 0 88 iteratior 1 17 iteratior 1 16 iteratior 1 16 iteratior eee el el 0 00 5746 5746 5 10 00 0 00 5746 5 y 0 00 100 00 Selected 0 00 omp parallel filter_partol input F 80 Figure 1 20 HEATMAP display window 1 6 4 2 Menu Heatmap Plugin menu offers the general function to enable or disable a plugin and
38. SCA group Offers you to sent the metric definition via email to the SCALASCA group so it might be included into the library of derived metrics in the future releases Enabled only if definition of metric is valid To simplify the creation of a derived metric a little bit there is a way to fill the fields of this dialog automatically If one prepares a file with the following syntax one can select it and open drop on dialog via drag n drop or copy its content into clipboard and paste in the dialog Example of a syntax of this file metric type postderived display name Average execution time unique name kenobi uom sec url https scalasca org documentation html kenobi description Calculates an average execution time Here is the Kenobi metric cubepl expression metric time i metric visits e cubepl init expression cubepl plus expression argl arg2 cubepl minus expression argl arg2 metric type can have values postderived prederived_exclusive or prederived_inclusive Remove metric For metric tree only Removes metric from the metric tree Edit metric For metric tree only It offers a dialog to edit expressions standard initialisation aggregation of a derived metric Enabled if clicket metric is a de rived metric Window for editing is same like in Create derived metric case Sort by value descending For flat call profiles only Sorts the nodes by their current values in desc
39. UBE display window nodes with a visible subtree by a sign You can expand collapse a node by left clicking on the corresponding signs Collapsed nodes have inclusive values 1 e their severity is the sum of the severities over the whole collapsed subtree For the example of Figurel 1 the Execution metric value 3496 10 is the total time for all executions On the other hand the displayed values of expanded nodes are their exclusive values E g the expanded Execution metric node in Figurel 2 shows that the program needed 2839 54 seconds for execution other than MPT Note that expanding collapsing a selected node causes the change of the current values in the trees on its right hand side As explained above in our example in Figurel 1 the call tree displays values for the Execution metric over all system entities Since the Execution node is collapsed the call tree severities are computed for the whole Execution metrics subtree When expanding the selected Execution node as shown in Figurel 2 the call tree displays values for the Execution metric without the MPI metric 1 5 2 GUI Components The GUIconsists from top to bottom of Chapter 1 Cube User Guide File Display Plugins Absolute v Help Absolute v Absolute v E Metric tree O 0 00 Time sec O 0 00 MPI O 0 00 OMP 1 00 Overhead 447 01 Computation qee K 0 00 2664 6 5358 56 0 00 2639 60 9 2664 67
40. URLprefix mirror std string get_attr const std string amp key const Returns the attribute in the CUBE object stored for the given key const std map lt std string std string gt get_attrs const Returns all attributes associated to the CUBE object as a map const std vector lt std string gt amp get_mirrors const Returns all mirrors defined in the CUBE object int get_num_thrd const Returns the maximal number of threads per process in the CUBE object 70 2 1 Creating CUBE Files void setGlobalMemoryStrategy CubeStrategy strategy Sets same memory usage st rategy for all metrics Possible values are e CUBE_MANUAL_STRATEGY e CUBE_ALL_IN_MEMORY_STRATEGY e CUBE_LAST_N_ROWS_STRATEGY void setMetricMemoryStrategy Metric metric CubeStrategy strategy Sets memory usage strategy for selected metric void dropRowInMetric Metric metric Cnode cnode Removes data row for the cnode from the memory of metric if its memory straregy allows In case of CUBE_MANUAL_ STRATEGY it is allways the case In case of CUBE_ALL_IN MEMORY STRATEGY it is never the case and this call has no action void dropRowInAllMetrics Cnode cnode Removes data row for the cnode from the memory of all metrics if their memory straregy allows void reroot_cnode Cnode cnode Removes all parents of the cnode and sets it as a root void prune_cnode Cnode cnode Removes the cnode and its subtree and sets its pare
41. a 4 is an extension of the framework for multi execution performance tuning by Karavanic and Miller 3 and offers a set of operators that can be used to compare integrate and summarize multiple CUBE data sets The algebra allows the combination of multiple CUBE data sets into a single one that can be displayed and examined like the original ones In addition to the information provided by plain CUBE files a statistics file can be pro vided enabling the display of additional statistical information of severity values Fur thermore a statistics file can also contain information about the most severe instances of certain performance patterns globally as well as with respect to specific call paths If a trace file of the program being analyzed is available the user can connect to a trace browser i e Vampir or Paraver and then use CUBE to zoom their timelines to the most severe instances of the performance patterns for a more detailed examination of the cause of these performance patterns 1 3 Command line options The following sections explain how to use the CUBE display how to create CUBE files and how to use the algebra and other tools 1 3 Command line options To invoke GUI for CUBE profile exploration one uses command cube disable plugins preload lastN help filename cubex A list of main options preload All data is read at the begining and held in memory help Display list of command line options tod
42. a previously defined region parent is a previously created call tree node which will be the new one s parent To define a root node use NULL instead This method is used to create a call tree with line numbers 65 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API Cnode def_cnode Region region Cnode parent Defines a new call tree node representing a call to the region region parent is a pre viously created call tree node which will be the new one s parent To define a root node use NULL instead Note that different from the previous def_cnode this method is used to create a call tree without line numbers where each call tree node points to a region To define a call tree with line numbers use def_cnode Regionx string int To define a call tree without line numbers use def_cnode Regionx Cnodex instead To create a flat profile use neither one just defining a set of regions will be sufficient const std vector lt Region gt amp get_regv const Returns a vector with all regions in the CUBE object const std vector lt Cnode gt amp get_cnodev const Returns a vector with all call tree nodes in the CUBE object Cnode get_cnode Cnode amp cn const Search a call tree node cn Returns NULL if the CUBE object does not contain the given call tree node 2 1 1 3 System Dimension This group refers to the system dimension of the performance space It reflects the system resources which the program is using at runtim
43. alculated and shown For convenience user can invoke defined metrics along with new once in any order For doing so one lists unique names of metrics separated by commas For access to more than one callpaths user can specify the ids or a range of them like 2 9 This also can be done for threads Additionally provides a calculation of the flat profile values 56 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools m lt metrics gt lt new metrics gt all lt filename gt Select one or more of metrics unique names for data dump By giving a CubePL expression one can define one or more new metrics by giving correspond formula If the expression prefixed with lt name gt lt name gt is used as a unique name for the new metric lt filename gt takes a CubePL expression from file lt filename gt and defines a derived metric with it all all metrics will be printed Combination of these three is possible c lt cnode ids gt all leafs roots level gt X level X level lt X name regexp lt filename gt Select one or more call paths to be printed out lt cnode ids gt list or range of call path ids 0 3 5 10 25 all all call paths are printed leafs only call paths without children are printed roots only root cnodes are printed level lt X level X or level gt X only cnodes of the level more equal or less than N are printed name regexp only cnodes with the region name matching to the regular expression regexp l
44. all nodes at the same hierarchy level Expand all For all trees Expands all nodes in the tree 5 Expand subtree For all trees Enabled only if there is a reference node Expands all nodes in the subtree of the reference node including the reference node Expand peers For system trees only Enabled only if there is a reference node Expands all peer nodes of the reference node i e all nodes at the same hierarchy level Expand largest For all trees Enabled only if there is a reference node Starting at the reference node expands its child with the largest inclusive value if any and continues recursively with that child until it finds a leaf It is recommended to collapse all nodes before using this function in order to be able to see the path along the largest values Dynamic hiding Not available for metric trees This menu item activates dy namic hiding All currently hidden nodes get shown You are asked to define a percentage threshold between 0 0 and 100 0 All nodes whose color position on the color scale in percent is below this threshold get hidden As default value the color percentage position of the reference node is suggested if you right clicked over a node If not the default value is the last threshold The hiding is called dynamic because upon value changes caused for example by changing the node selection hiding is re computed for the new values In other words value changes may change the
45. ances of the selected metric in the form of a box plot For an in depth explanation of this feature see subsec tion1 6 6 1 Max severity in trace browser Only available for metric and call trees and only if a statistics file providing information about the most severe instance s of the selected metric is present If CUBE is already connected to a trace browser via File Connect to trace browser the timeline display of the trace browser is zoomed to the position of the occurrence of the most severe pattern so that the cause for the pattern can be examined further For a more detailed explanation of this feature see subsection1 6 6 2 Cut all tree For call trees only Enabled only if clicked over item in call tree Offers different modification possibilities a Set as root Removes all call path above the selected item and sets selected call path as a root node b Prune element Removes the selected item and all its children Its inclusive value will be added then to the exclusive value of its parent c Set as leaf Removes all children of its element and add their inclusive values to its exclusive value Create derived metric as root or a child For metric tree only It offers a dia log1 10 to create a new derived metric as a root metric if clicked over an empty part of window or selected via submenu as a root An it creates the new metric as a child metric if clicked over another metric or selected via submenu as a child Docum
46. ata of the selected pat terns The slender black lines on the top and the bottom designate the maximum and the minimum measured severity of the pattern respectively The lower and the upper borders of the white box indicate the values of the 25 and 75 quantile The thick line inside the box represents the median of the values while the dashed line indicates the mean There are two ways of interacting with the box plot You can zoom to a certain interval 40 1 6 Plugins on the y axis by clicking on a position with the height of the desired maximal or mini mal value and by consecutively dragging the mouse to a position with the height of the corresponding other extreme value You can reset the view i e to undo all zooming by clicking the middle mouse button somewhere on the box plot If you are interested in more precise values for the severity statistics of a certain metric you can click somewhere in the column of the desired metric which will yield a small window as shown in the top right corner of Figure1 23 displaying the exact values of the statistics 1 6 6 2 Display of most severe pattern instances using a trace browser If a statistic file also contains information about the most severe instances of certain patterns CUBE can be connected to a trace browser currently Vampir 8 9 and Paraver 6 7 are supported in order to view the state of the program being analyzed at the time this most severe pattern instance
47. atus bar displays some status information like state of execution for longer proce dures hints for menus the mouse pointing at etc The status bar shows the most recent log message By clicking on it the complete log becomes visible 1 6 Plugins The features of cube can be extended using plugins There is a set of predefined plugins which are described in the following sections Before a cube file is loaded the Plugin menu only contains the menu item Initial activation settings Selecting this item shows the following dialog which shows all available plugins e enable all plugins disable all plugins _ select plugins to enable lal Save Cancel Figure 1 11 plugin settings dialog Plugins Help Initial activation settings LaunchPlugin gt System Boxplot Plugin gt System Topology Plugin gt Figure 1 12 plugin menu You may enable or disable all plugins or select individual plugins that will be activated or deactivated After loading a cube file all suitable plugins are activated Each plugin adds a submenu see Figure1 13 to the Plugins menu which allows to enable or disable 1t It may also add further menu items 26 1 6 Plugins 1 6 1 topology In many parallel applications each process or thread communicates only with a lim ited number of processes The parallel algorithm divides the application domain into smaller chunks known as sub domains A process usually communicates with process
48. based on a value scale from 0 0 to 100 0 Grid elements without having a system item attached to it are colored gray See Section1 6 4 2 menu Topology for further topology specific coloring settings For example the upper topology in Figurel 13 is drawn wit black lines the 2D topology in Figure1 14 is drawn without lines File Display Plugins Help Absolute vw Absolute v Peer distribution v E Metric tree E Call tree gt E System tree BG P XYZT 5 App 256x256 27 Time air E 5 14e10 Visits oc 1 97e5 Synchroniz 2 57e10 Communi 2 15e13 Bytes tral 7 31e4 Computati Figure 1 14 Topology Displays If the selected system item occurs in the topology it is marked by an additional frame and by additional lines at the side of the plane which contains the corresponding grid point such that the selected item s position is also visible if the corresponding plane is not completely visible If zooming into planes is enabled the plane containing the recently selected item is selected and the plane distance is adjusted to show this plane complely Selecting a collapsed tree in the system tree selects all its children in the topology view Besides the functions offered by the topology toolbar see1 6 3 2 the following func tionality is supported 1 Item selection You can change the current system selection by left clicking on a grid element which has a system item assigned to it resulting in the selection of
49. cks Cancel Reset Conc __ Reset _ Figure 1 19 BARPLOT menu Ruler Customization User can modify the number of major and minor ticks of the ruler on vertical axis For adjusting the major vertical ticks user can set the drawing intervals or the number of ticks By specifying the number of major ticks the length of the vertical axis will be divided to the specified number and major ticks are drawn by length longer than minor ticks Then in each divided length if there is enough space the specified number of minor ticks will be displayed It is possible that the user set major ticks by interval In order to do that select the major ticks by interval option and set the interval value Therefore after each interval one major tick will be drawn Top Notch Value The value of the top notch on a vertical axis can be altered by user as well as automatically Therefore due to scale issue it can affect on the drawing of the graph 35 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide Button Notch Value The value of the button notch on a vertical axis can be altered by user as well as automatically Therefore due to scale issue it can affect on the drawing of the graph Iterations Ruler Customization User can modify the number of major and minor ticks of the ruler on horizontal axis For adjusting the major horizontal ticks user can set the drawing intervals or the number of ticks By specifying the number of major ticks the width of the
50. cted value information widget displays a u for user defined behind the minimal and maximal color values x rotation Rotate the topology cube about the x axis with the defined angle y rotation Rotate the topology cube about the y axis with the defined angle Dimension order for the topology displays This button no longer exists but formerly allowed the order of topology dimensions to be adjusted this is now done with the control panel at the bottom of the topology pane Using the grip at the left of the toolbar it can be dragged to another position or detached entirely from the main window The toolbar can also be closed after a right click in the grip 1 6 3 BarplotPlugin BARPLOT plugin is a CUBE plugin that plots vertical bar graph for the CUBE file which has iterations Horizontal axis shows different iterations being compared and on vertical axis several operations can be used to represent the value The User can apply different metrics and call paths on the bar graph 1 6 3 1 Basic Principles As a Start point it should be mentioned that BARPLOT works only on a CUBE file that has iterations For those files which have not user would face the warning on the terminal No iterations for Barplot and the plugin will not be shown By loading the plugin on system dimension the corresponding tab Barplot will be added In the Barplot tab the user can select different operations and assign desired color to them F
51. ctober 2000 http www w3 org TR REC xml 63 11 Sameer S Shende and Allen D Malony The TAU Parallel Performance System International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 20 2 287 331 SAGE Publications Summer 2006 52 12 The Scalasca Development Team scalascaltfz juelich de Cube 4 2 0 Cube Derived Metrics Usage and syntax documentation 22 62 64 83
52. cube_def_cnode cube_t c cube_region callee cube_cnode parent Returns a new call tree node structure without line numbers cube_machine cube_def_mach cube_t c const char name const char desc Returns a new machine cube_node cube_def_node cube_t c const char name cube_machine mach Returns a new node cube_process cube_def_proc cube_t c const char name int rank cube_node node Returns a new process cube_thread cube_def_thrd cube_t c const char name int rank cube_process proc Returns a new thread 74 2 1 Creating CUBE Files cube_cartesian cube_def_cart cube_t c long ndims long int dimv int periodv Defines a new Cartesian topology void cube_def_coords cube_t c cube_cartesian cart cube_thread thrd long int coord Maps a thread onto a Cartesian coordinate void cube_set_sev cube_t c cube_metric met cube_cnode cnode cube_thread thrd double value Assigns the severity value to the point met cnode thrd Can only be used after metric cnode and thread definitions are complete Note that you can only use either the region or the cnode form of these calls but not both at the same time double cube_get_sev cube_t c cube_metric met cube_cnode cnode cube_thread thrd Returns the severity of the point met cnode thrd void cube_set_sev_reg cube_t c cube_metric met cube_region reg cube_thread thrd double va
53. def_thrd Thread 1 1 procl Build 2D Cartesian a topology a 5x5 grid int ndims 2y vector lt long gt dimv vector lt bool gt periodv for int i 0 i lt ndims i dimv push_back 5 if i 2 0 periodv push_back true else periodv push_back false Cartesian cart vector lt long gt coord0 coordl coord0 push_back 0 coord0 push_back 0 coordl push_back 3 coordl push_back 3 map the two threads onto the above 2 coordinates cube def_coords cart thrd0 coord0 cube def_coords cart thrdl coordl Severity mapping cube set_sev met0 cnode0 thrd0 4 cube set_sev met0 cnode0 thrdl 4 cube set_sev met0 cnodel thrd0 4 cube set_sev met0 cnodel thrdl 4 cube set_sev met0 cnode2 thrd0 4 cube set_sev met0 cnode2 thrdl 4 cube set_sev met1 cnode0 thrd0 1 cube set_sev met1 cnode0 thrdl 1 cube set_sev met1 cnodel thrd0 1 cube set_sev met1 cnodel thrdl 1 cube set_sev met1 cnode2 thrd0 1 cube set_sev metl cnode2 thrdl 1 cube set_sev met2 cnode0 thrd0 1 T T T cube def_cart ndims dimv periodv 78 2 1 Creating CUBE Files cube set_sev met2 cnode0 thrdl cube set_sev met2 cnodel thrd0 cube set_sev met2 cnodel thrdl cube set_sev met2 cnode2 thrd0 cube set_sev met2 cnode2 thrdl Output to a cube file ofstream out out open example cube
54. e The entities present in this dimension are machine node process thread which populate four levels of the system hierarchy in the given order That is the first level consists of machines the second level of nodes and so on Finally the last i e leaf level is populated only by threads The system tree is built in a top down way starting with a machine Note that even if every process has only one thread users still need to define the thread level Machine def_mach const std string amp name const std string amp desc Returns a new machine with the name name and description desc Node def_node const std string name Machine mach 66 2 1 Creating CUBE Files Returns a new SMP node which has the name name and which belongs to the machine mach Process def_proc const std string amp name int rank Node node Returns a new process which has the name name and the rank rank The rank is a number from 0 to n 1 where n is the total number of processes MPlapplications may use the rank in MPI_COMM_WORLD The process runs on the node node Thread def_thrd cosnt std string names int rank Process proc Defines a new thread which has the name name and the rank rank The rank is a number from 0 to n 1 where n is the total number of threads spawned by a process Open MPapplications may use the Open MPthread number The thread belongs to the process proc const std vector lt Sysr
55. e cube_stat h p m metric metric r routine routine cubefile OR cube_stat h p m metric metric t topN cubefile h Display this help message p Pretty print statistics instead of CSV output Provide statistics about process thread metric values m List of metrics default time r List of routines default main t Number for topN regions flat profile 1 7 9 from TAU to CUBE Converts a profile generated by the TAU Performance System 1 into the CUBE format Currently only 1 level 2 level and full call path profiles are supported An example of the output is presented below user host tau2cube3 tau2 o b cube Parsing TAU profile tau2 profile 0 0 2 tau2 profile 1 0 0 Parsing TAU profile done Creating CUBE profile umber of call paths 5 Childmain int int char umber of call paths 5 ChildsomeA void voi umber of call path ChildsomeB void void h O h umber of call pat ChildsomeC void voi umber of call pat A ChildsomeD void void Path to Parents 5 Path to Child 1 Number of roots 5 Call tree node created Call tree node created Call tree node created 52 N A A A A 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools Call tree node created Call tree node created value time 8 0151 value ncalls 1 value time 11 0138 value ncalls 1 value time 8 01506 value ncalls 1 value time 11 0138 value
56. e coloring is based on distribution from black to white with R G and B helixes giving additional deviations Cube helix is defined by four parameters Start colour starting value for color floating point number between 0 0 and 3 0 R 1 G 2 B 0 Rotations floating point number of R gt G gt B rotations from the start to the end Negative value corresponds to negative direction of rotation Hue non negative value which controls saturation of the scheme with pure greyscale for hue equal to 0 Gamma factor non negative value which configures intensity of colours Values below one emphasizes low intensity values and cre ates brighter color scheme Values above one emphasizes high in tensity values and generates darker color map 10 1 5 Using the Display Color map configuration gt Color map configuration Interpolation method Linear X Interpolation method Exponential X Greyscale X Oranges z 0 75 0 23 0 00 1 00 0 00 1 00 Color map configuration Color map configuration CubicYF cubic law lightness X Start colour 2 Description Rainbow colormap with cubic law Number of rotations 1 5 lightness Used for representation of interval data without external lighting Hue parameter 1 R G B and greyscale Figure 1 5 The examples of configuration for Advanced Color Maps Upper row start ing from left sequential divergent lower row starting from left c
57. e for trees on the right hand side of the call tree Simi lar to the metric root percent but the call tree root instead of the metric tree root is considered In case of multiple selection with different call roots the sum of those root values is considered 6 Call selection percent Available for trees on the right hand side of the call tree Similar to the metric selection percent percentage is computed with respect to the selected call node s value in its current collapsed expanded state In case of multiple selections the sum of the selected call values is considered 7 System root percent Available for trees on the right hand side of the system tree Similar to the call root percent the sum of the inclusive values of all roots of selected system nodes are considered for percentage computation 8 System selection percent Available for trees on the right hand side of the system tree Similar to the call selection percent percentage is computed with respect to the selected system node s in its current collapsed expanded state 9 Peer percent For the system tree only The peer percentage mode shows the percentage of the nodes inclusive absolute values relative to the largest inclusive absolute peer value i e to the largest inclusive value between all entities on the current hierarchy depth For example if there are 3 threads with inclusive absolute values 100 120 and 200 then they have the peer percent values 50 60 and 1
58. ected callpath The current subset is retained until another is explicitly chosen or a new subset is defined Additional subsets are defined from the system tree with the Define subset context menu using the currently selected threads via multiple selection Ctrl lt left mouse click gt or with the Find Items context menu selection option 1 5 2 4 Tree browsers A tree browser displays different hierarchical data structures in form of trees Currently supported tree types are metric trees call trees flat call profiles and system trees The structure of the displayed data is common in all trees The indentation of the tree nodes reflects the hierarchical structure Expandable nodes i e nodes with non hidden chil dren are equipped with a sign for collapsed and for expanded nodes Furthermore all nodes have a color icon a value and a label The value of a node is computed as explained earlier basing on the current selections in the trees on the left hand side and on the current value mode The precision of the value display in trees can be modified see the menu item Display gt Precision in Sec tion1 6 4 2 The color icon reflects the position of the node s value between 0 0 and a maximal value These maximal value is the maximal value in the tree for the absolute value mode or 100 0 otherwise See the menu item Display gt General coloring in Sec tion1 6 4 2 and the context menu item Min max values in the conte
59. em is only visible if a CUBE file with a corresponding statistics file containing information about the most se vere instances of certain performance patterns is open and CUBE was con figured for remote trace browsing In this case it offers to connect to a trace browser 1 e Vampir or Paraver to examine the behaviour of the program around the most severe pattern instances For an in depth explanation of this feature see subsection1 6 6 2 Settings This menu item offers the saving loading and the deletion of set tings There are two types of settings the global settings and the experiment settings The global settings don t depend on the loaded cube file and are saved in a system specific format These settings e g store the appearance of the application like the widget sizes color and precision settings the order of panes etc The default settings are automatically saved on exit and restored at startup but it is also possible to save several settings under different names The experiment settings depend on the loaded cube file They allow to store e g which tree nodes are selected and which are expanded the selected value mode etc These settings are saved next to the opened cube file in the file Chapter 1 Cube User Guide h cubebasename ini When saving experiment settings the global settings are also saved in the ini file Like global settings the default experiment settings are automatically saved and rest
60. ending order Note that if an item is expanded its exclusive value is taken for sorting otherwise its inclusive value Sort by name ascending For flat call profiles only Sorts the nodes alphabeti 24 1 5 Using the Display cally by name in ascending order 1 5 2 5 Selected value info Below each pane there is a selected value information widget If no data is loaded the widget is empty Otherwise the widget displays more extensive and precise information about the selected values in the tree above This information widget and the topologies may have different precision settings than the trees such that there is the possibility to display more precise information here than in the trees see Section1 6 4 2 menu Display gt Precision The widget has a 3 line display The first line displays at most 4 numbers The left most number shows the smallest value in the tree or 0 0 in any percentage value mode for trees or the user defined minimal value for coloring if activated and the right most number shows the largest value in the tree or 100 0 in any percentage value mode in trees or the user defined maximal value for coloring if activated Between these two numbers the current value of the selected node is displayed if it is defined Additionally in the absolute value mode it is followed by the percentage of the selected value on the scale between the minimal and maximal values shown in brackets Note that the values of
61. entation about derived metrics see in 12 Some details about the fields in the dialog a Select metric from collection Provides a list of predefined derived metric which might be helpful for the analysis b Derived metric type Selects the type of the derived metrics Available are Postderived metric Prederived exclusive metric and Prederived inclusive metric c Display name Sets the display name of the metric in the metric tree d Unique name Sets the unique name of the metric There is no check done if another metric is present with the same unique name e Data type For derived metrics it is preselected and is always DOUBLE f Unit of measurement Selects a unit of measurement It is a user defined string 22 1 5 Using the Display g h 1 J k D A a Create new metric as a child of metric y V O Y Select metric from collection Recursions v H c Derived metric type Prederived exclusive metric v b Display name recursions Unique name number_of_recursions Data type DOUBLE Unit of measurement occ URL Description returns number of recursion calls autoris pavel saviankou Calculation w Calculation Int Aggregation Aggregation 6 error return recursion2 calculation callpath id Create metric Cancel Share this metric with SCALASCA group Figure 1 10 Create derived metric URL Selects a URL with the doc
62. es gt amp get_sysv const Returns a vector with all system resources e g node thread process available in the CUBE object const std vector lt Machine gt amp get_machv const Returns a vector with all machines in the CUBE object const std vector lt Node gt amp get_nodev const Returns a vector with all nodes of all machines in the CUBE object const std vector lt Process gt amp get_procv const Returns a vector with all processes in the CUBE object const std vector lt Thread gt amp get_thrdv const Returns a vector with all threads in the CUBE object Machine get_mach Machine amp mach const Search for the machine mach in the CUBE object Returns NULL if the CUBE object does not contain the given machine Node get_node Node amp node const Search for the node node in the CUBE object Returns NULL if the CUBE object does not contain the given node 67 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API 2 1 1 4 Virtual Topologies Virtual topologies are used to describe adjacency relationships among machines SMPnodes processes or threads A topology usually consists of a single class of enti ties such as threads or processes The CUBE APIprovides a set of functions to create Cartesian topologies and to define the machine SMPnode process thread mappings onto coordinates Note that the definition of virtual topologies is optional Cartesian def_cart long ndims const std vector lt long gt amp dimv
63. es owning sub domains adjacent to its own The mapping of data onto processes and the neighborhood relationship resulting from this mapping is called virtual topology Many applications use one or more virtual topologies specified as multi dimensional Cartesian grids Another sort of topologies are physical topologies reflecting the hardware structure on which the application was run A typical three dimensional physical topology is given by the hardware nodes in the first dimension and the arrangement of cores processors on nodes in further two dimensions The CUBE display supports multi dimensional Cartesian grids where grids with high dimensionality can be sliced or folded down to two or three dimensions for presentation If the currently opened cube file defines one or more such topologies separate tabs are available for each using the topology name when one is provided The topology display shows performance data mapped onto the Cartesian topology of the application The corresponding grid is specified by the number of dimensions and the size of each dimen sion Threads processes are attached to the grid elements as specified by the CUBE file Not all system items have to be attached to a grid element and not every grid element has a system item attached An example of a three dimensional topology is shown on Figure1 13 Note that the topology toolbar is enabled when a topology is available to be displayed File Display Plugins Help
64. esponding color will be shown on color combo box In a situation that different bar graphs are overlaid on each other 33 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide File Display Plugins Help Absolute y Absolute y Absolute y EE metric tree E call tree E r E system tree Barplot Heatmap HE soxPiot 4 10e6 Visits occ E ee mae i Minimum green 7 Keep on Stac clean Stac 0 00 Minimum Inc 1002 61 Maximur E 8 18 driver_ 0 31 einink_ 0 17 inkchk_ E O 0 00 lt lt timeste E El 0 00 iteratior O 0 00 dura E E 0 02 rs E m o oc oo Lg 0 06 cps0 3 39 cps0 0 01 cps0 No data to display W 0 86 iteratior E 0 88 iteratior Ml 0 86 iteratior 0 88 iteratior Ml 0 88 iteratior Ml 0 88 iteratior E 1 17 iteratior E 1 16 iteratior E 1 16 iteratior 1 16 iteratior gt Selected 1 13 input_ F Figure 1 17 No data to display each graph will be shown by different color in order to distinguish various graphs In addition to above items two buttons are also designed to manage the order of the bar graphs Keep on Stack It is possible that user intents to compare different graphs by laying them on each other For this matter a push button keep on stack is defined Generally by clicking on each call path or metric a responding graph is replaced the previous one in the stack In a situation that the user intends to compare the next graph by the existing one at one time
65. g amp expression TypeOfMetric is_ghost CUBE_METRIC_NO_GHOST 63 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API Returns a metric with display name disp_name unique name unig_name and descrip tion descr dtype specifies the data type which can either be INTEGER or FLOAT uom is the unit of measurement which is either sec for seconds or occ for number of occurrences val specifies whether there is any data available for this particular metric It can either be VOID no data available metric will not be shown in CUBE or an empty string metric will be shown and data is present parent isapreviously created metric which will be the new metric s parent To define a root node use NULL instead url is a link to an HTMLpage describing the new metric in detail If you want to mir ror the page at several locations you can use the macro mirror as a prefix which will be replaced by an available mirror defined using def_mirror see Section type_of_metric specifies the nature of this metric If you want to store exclu sive along call tree values use a constant CUBE_METRIC_EXCLUSIVE if you want to store inclusive along call tree values use a constant CUBE_ METRIC_EXCLUSIVE if you want to define a derived metric use one of the con stants CUBE_POSTDERIVED_METRIC CUBE_PREDERIVED_METRIC_ EXCLUSIVE or CUBE_PREDERIVED_METRIC_INCLUSIVE expression is a CubePL expression to specify the derived met
66. geDown Move one viewport page down Home Move to the beginning of the text End Move to the end of the text lt scroll mouse wheel gt Scroll the page vertically Alt lt scroll mouse wheel gt Scroll the page horizontally if horizontally scrollable Ctrl lt scroll mouse wheel gt Zoom the text Ctrl A Select all text Additionally for the read and write mode Left Arrow Move one character to the left Right Arrow Move one character to the right Backspace Delete the character to the left of the cursor Delete Delete the character to the right of the cursor Ctrl C Copy the selected text to the clipboard Ctrl Insert Copy the selected text to the clipboard Ctrl K Delete to the end of the line Ctrl V Paste the clipboard text into text edit Shift Insert Paste the clipboard text into text edit Ctrl X Delete the selected text and copy it to the clipboard Shift Delete Delete the selected text and copy it to the clipboard Ctrl Z Undo the last operation Ctrl Y Redo the last operation Ctrl Left arrow Move the cursor one word to the left Ctrl Right arrow Move the cursor one word to the right Ctrl Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the text Ctrl End Move the cursor to the end of the text Hold Shift some movement e g Right arrow Select region 45 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools As performance tuning of
67. he type and position of the tree the following value modes may be avail able 1 Absolute default Available for all trees The displayed values are the severity value as read from the cube file in units of measurement e g seconds Note that these values can be negative too i e the expression absolute in not used in its mathematical sense here Own root percent Available for all trees The displayed node values are the percentage of their absolute values with respect to the absolute value of their root node in collapsed state Metric root percent Available for trees on the right hand side of the metric tree The displayed node values are the percentage of their absolute values with respect to the absolute value of the collapsed metric root node If there are several metric 14 1 5 Using the Display roots the root of the selected metric node is taken Note that multiple selection in the metric tree is possible within one root s subtree only thus there is always a unique metric root for this mode 4 Metric selection percent Available for trees on the right hand side of the metric tree The displayed node values are the percentage of their absolute values with re spect to the selected metric node s absolute value in its current collapsed expanded state In case of multiple selection the sum of the selected metrics values for the percentage computation is taken 5 Call root percent Availabl
68. ic visits e metric time i metric visits e c 20 z incl s csv 20 0 8 9812e 05 20 1 0 profile cubex 59 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 9 7463e 05 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 0 20 10 20 11 20 12 3 4 5 000132327 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 0 8 9812e 05 20 1 1 79769313486e 30 20 2 1 79769313486e 30 20 3 1 79769313486e 30 20 4 9 7463e 05 20 5 1 79769313486e 30 20 6 1 79769313486e 30 20 7 1 79769313486e 30 20 8 0 000132327 20 9 1 79769313486e 308 20 10 1 79769313486e 308 20 11 1 79769313486e 308 20 12 7 2788e 05 20 13 1 79769313486e 308 20 14 1 79769313486e 308 20 15 1 79769313486e 308 CO co GC 20 0 20 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 8 9 1 1 20 20 20 20 20 12 1 20 13 0 20 14 0 20 15 0 ES ERAS ES gt AA EA oo Example 4 Scube_dump m time metric visits e metric time 1 metric visits e c 1 60 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools z in cl s csv2 profile cubex Cnode ID Thread ID time New Metricl New Metric2 1 0 80 548967177 80 548967177 1 1 44 115097986 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 2 43 486614165 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 3 43 940738098 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 4 80 539359524 80 539359524 1 1 5 42 723353088 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 6 42 61159706 1 79769313486e 308 0 L 7 43 108220977 1 79769313486e 308 0 1 8 80 635176341 80 635176341 1 1 9 43 788284208 1 7
69. ide of the cubex container This list includes files with description of the cube and metric data vector lt char gt get_misc_data const std strings name Returns content of the file name if present otherwise empty vector void write_misc_data const std string amp name const chat buffer size_t length Writes content of the buffer of length chars as a file with a name name void write_misc_data const std string amp name std vector lt char gt buffer Alternatice call to previous 2 1 1 7 Writer Library in C In order to create data files another possibility is to use the C version of the CUBE writer API The interface defines a struct cube_t and provides the following functions cube_t cube_create Returns a new CUBE structure void cube_free cube_t c Destroys the given CUBE structure cube_metric cube_def_met cube_t c const char disp_name const char unig_name const char dtype const char uom const char val const char url const char descr cube_metric parent 73 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API Returns a new metric structure cube_region cube_def_region cube_t c const char name long begln long endln const char url const char descr const char mod Returns a new region cube_cnode cube_def_cnode_cs cube_t c cube_region callee const char mod int line cube_cnode parent Returns a new call tree node structure with line numbers cube_cnode
70. igurel 16 displays a view of it User can select different metrics such as Visits and Time by clicking on them in metric dimension In addition it is possible to get a BARPLOT for different call paths of iterations via clicking on them However for call paths that are not located in iterations like input_in in figurel 17 no bar graph is displayed and user face the message No data to display on the window Furthermore the values on BARPLOT can be evaluated in Inclusive and Exclusive man ner Therefore user can easily collapse the tree on call path and click on the desired path to get the exclusive value of it Additionally the exact calculated values can be seen by clicking left button of mouse on the desired position on the graph a tooltip would display a value corresponding to the iteration In a situation that user needs to store the graph it is just needed to do right click on a 32 1 6 Plugins File Display Plugins Help Absolute y Absolute y Absolute y E Metric tree E Call tree F E System tree Barplot Heatmap BoxPlot 4 10e6 Visits occ E ae MAIN OA alee IF z 5 0 77 uration _ Moen z Keep on Stac clean Stac 0 00 Minimum Inc 1 13 input_ 1002 61 Maximur 8 18 driver_ 0 31 einink_ 0 17 inkchk_ E O 0 00 lt lt timeste E IE 0 00 iteratior O 0 00 dura E E 0 02 rs 5 SS uw oc k so gt o B o 8 071e 05 7 435e 05_ uw E 0 gt DE pa
71. ile Should only be used after severity values are completely set Unset values default to zero void cube_write_sev_row cube_t c FILE fp cube_metric met cube_cnode cnode double sevs Writes the given severity values of met cnode for all threads to the given file This can be used instead of cube_write_sev_matrix to incrementally write parts of the severity matrix void cube_write finish cube_t c FILE fp Writes the end tags to a file Must be called at the very end before closing the file but only when incrementally writing the severity matrix using cube_write_sev_matrix When using cube_write_sev_matrix to write the severity matrix in one chunk call ing this function is not needed 76 2 1 Creating CUBE Files 2 1 2 Typical Usage A simple C program is given to demonstrate how to use the CUBE write interface Example below shows the corresponding CUBE display The source code of the target application is provided below 1 void foo 10 11 void bar 20 21 int main int argc char argv 60 foo 80 bar 100 A C example using CUBE write interface include lt cube3 Cube h gt include lt string gt include lt fstream gt using namespace std using namespace cube int main int argc char argv Cube cube Specify mirrors optional cube def_mirror http icl cs utk edu software kojak cube def_mirror http www z juelich de
72. ing topology dimension label the two are exchanged When slicing select up to three of the dimensions to display completely and choose one element of each of the remaining dimensions The example in Figurel 15 shows a topology with 4 dimensions 32x16x32x4 labelled X Y Z and T The first element of the 4th dimension 7 is automatically selected By clicking on the button above the T an index in this dimension from O to 3 can be chosen If the index is set to all the selection becomes invalid until an index of another dimension is selected Alternatively the folding mode can be activated by clicking on the fold button This mode is available for topologies with four to six dimensions and allows to display all elements by folding two dimensions into one Every dimension appears in a box with can be dragged into one of the three container boxes for the displayed dimensions x y and z In folding mode the color of the inner borders is changed into gray The black bordered rectangles show the element borders of each of the three displayed dimensions 29 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide File Display Plugins Help 4 a a H Ea E E E rot 300 y rot 30 E Frot 300 y rot 30 gt Absolute v Absolute v Peer distribution v Peer distribution amp Metric tree E Call tree gt E System tree BG P XYZT E Ap lt gt E system tree BB BG P xvzT E App 256x256 m3 5 14e10 Visits oc 1 97e5 Synchroniz 10 3
73. items to create a new subset of all system resources typically threads with the provided name This is added to the combobox at the bottom of the system tree and boxplot statistics panes and becomes the currently active subset for which statistics are calculated 19 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Info For all trees for call trees under Called region Gives some short infor mation about the reference node Disabled if there is no reference node or if no information is available for the reference node Full Info For metric tree and call tree only In the case of metric tree it lists a complete information about the selected metric One gets information about display and unique name data type unit of measurements kind of metric and CubePL expression if the metric is derived In the case of call tree it lists a complete available information about the selected call path One gets information about call path id to use it with command line tools like cube_dump region begining line region ending line region module url with the online help and finally description of the region Disabled if not clicked over metric item or call path item Online description For metric trees and flat call profiles for call trees see under Called region Shows some usually more extensive online description for the reference node For example metrics might point to an online documentation explaini
74. jsc kojak Specify information related to the file optional cube def_attr experiment time September 27th 2006 cube def_attr description a simple example Build metric tree etric met0 cube def_met Time Time FLOAT sec mirror patterns 2 1 html execution root node NULL using mirror etric metl cube def_met User time User Time FLOAT sec http ww cs utk edu usr html 2nd level met0 without using mirror etric met2 cube def_ met System time System Time FLOAT sec http ww cs utk edu sys html 2nd level met0 without using mirror Build call tree 77 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API string mod ICL CUBE example c Region regn0 cube def_region main 21 100 Ist level mod Region regnl cube def_region foo 1 10 2nd level mod Region regn2 cube def_region bar 11 20 2nd level mod Cnode cnode0 cube def_cnode regn0 mod 21 NULL Cnode cnodel cube def_cnode regnl mod 60 cnode0 Cnode cnode2 cube def_cnode regn2 mod 80 cnode0 Build system resource tree Machine mach cube def_mach MSC Node node cube def_node Athena mach Process proc0 cube def_proc Process 0 0 node Process procl cube def_proc Process 1 1 node Thread thrd0 cube def_thrd Thread 0 0 proc0 Thread thrdl cube
75. kchk_ E O 0 00 lt lt timeste 0 00 iteratior E O 0 00 dura Er E 0 02 rs E m 0 0 0 0 06 cpsO 3 39 cps0 No data to display 0 01 cpsO E 0 86 iteratior Mi 0 88 iteratior 0 86 iteratior W 0 88 iteratior Wi 0 88 iteratior Ml 0 88 iteratior W 1 17 iteratior E 1 16 iteratior W 1 16 iteratior a pen 1 13 100 00 Selected 1 13 input_ a Figure 1 21 No data to display than minor ticks Then in each divided length if there is enough space the specified number of minor ticks will be displayed Also it is possible that the user set major ticks by interval of threads In order to do that select the major ticks by interval option and set the interval Therefore after each specified number of threads one major tick will be drawn 1 6 5 SystemBoxplotPlugin This plugin adds a boxplot statistics display tab next to the system tree tab It shows a box and whisker distribution of metric severity values for the currently active subset of system resources typically threads The active subset is changed via the combobox menu at the bottom of the pane and the y axis scale is adjusted via the display mode combobox at the top of the pane The vertical whisker ranges from the smallest value minimum and to the largest value maximum while the bottom and top of the box mark the lower quartile Q1 and upper 38 1 6 Plugins AA Heat Map Customization Draw a major tick every Jo i
76. l pane offers a call tree browser and a flat call profile The system pane has a system tree browser Tree browsers also provide a context menu 1 5 Using the Display 1 5 2 1 menu The menu bar consists of four menus a file menu a display menu a plugin menu and a help menu Some menu functions also have a keyboard shortcut which is written besides the menu item s name in the menu E g you can open a file with Ctrl O without going into the menu A short description of the menu items is visible in the status bar if you stay for a short while with the mouse above a menu item 1 File a b c d e g The file menu offers the following functions Open Ctrl 0 Offers a selection dialog to open a CUBE file In case of an already opened file it will be closed before a new file gets opened If a file got opened successfully it gets added to the top of the recent files list see below If it was already in the list it is moved to the top Save as Ctrl S Offers a selection dialog to save a copy of a CUBE file Opened CUBE file stays loaded in cube Close Ctrl W Closes the currently opened CUBE file Disabled if no file is opened Open external Opens a file for the external percentage value mode see Section1 5 2 2 Close external Closes the current external file and removes all correspond ing data Disabled if no external file is opened deprecated Connect to trace browser This menu it
77. l tree node can be derived by following all the call sites starting at the root node and ending at the particular node of interest The user can choose among three ways of defining the program dimension 1 Call tree with line numbers 2 Call tree without line numbers 3 Flat profile A call tree with line numbers is defined as a tree whose nodes point to call sites A call tree without line numbers is defined as a tree whose nodes point to regions i e the callees A flat profile is simply defined as a set of regions that is no tree has to be defined Region def_region const std string name long begln long endln const std string gurl const std string amp descr const std string amp mod Returns a new region with region name name and description descr The region is located in the module mod and exists from line beg1n to line end1n url is a link to an HTMLpage describing the new region in detail For example if the region is a library function the url can point its documentation If you want to mirror the page at several locations you can use the macro mirror as a prefix which will be replaced by an available mirror defined using disp def_mirror see Section Cnode def_cnode Region callee const std string amp mod int line Cnode parent Returns a new call tree node representing a call from call site located at the line line of the module mod The call tree node calls the callee callee i e
78. ls all changes since the di alog was opened even if Apply was pressed in between and closes the dialog Selection marking Here you can specify if selected items in trees should be marked by a blue background or by a frame e Optimize width Under this menu item CUBE offers widget rescaling such that the amount of information shown is maximized i e CUBE optimally 12 1 5 Using the Display Font Dejavu Sans lt Size pt 9 Line spacing pixel a s z Px X Cancel Y Apply Figure 1 7 The font dialog opened via the menu Display Trees Font distributes the available space between its components You can chose if you would like to stick to the current main window size or if you allow to resize it 3 Plugins The plugin menu allows the user to define which plugins are laoded For each loaded plugin a submenu is added The submenu contains a menu item to enable or disable the plugin and the plugin may add additional menu items a Initial activation settings Opens a dialog to define which plugins should be loaded 4 Help The help menu provides help on usage and gives some information about CUBE a Getting started Opens a dialog with some basic information on the usage of CUBE b Mouse and keyboard control Lists mouse and keyboard controls as given in Section1 6 7 c What s this Here you can get more specific information on parts of
79. lue Assigns the severity value to the point met reg thrd Can only be used after metric regino and thread definitions are complete Note that you can only use either the region or the cnode form of these calls but not both at the same time void cube_add_sev cube_t c cube_metric met cube_cnode cnode cube_thread thrd double value Adds the severity value to the present value at point met cnode thrd Can only be used after metric cnode and thread definitions are complete Note that you can only use either the region or the cnode form of these calls but not both at the same time void cube_add_sev_reg cube_t c cube_metric met cube_region reg cube_thread thrd double value 75 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API Adds the severity value to the present value at point met reg thrd Can only be used after metric region and thread definitions are complete Note that you can only use either the region or the cnode form of these calls but not both at the same time void cube_write_all cube_t c FILE fp Writes the entire CUBE data to the given file This basically corresponds to calling cube_write_def and cube_write_sev_matrix void cube_write_def cube_t c FILE fp Writes the definitions part of the CUBE data to the given file Should only be used after definitions are complete void cube_write_sev_matrix cube_t c FILE fp Writes the severity values part of the CUBE data to the given f
80. m named node inline h Help Output a brief help message 1 7 7 Remap version 2 A more flixible implementation of the tool cube_remap is the cube_remap2 This tool takes a remapping specification file as a command line argument and perform recalculation of the metric values according to the specified rules expressed in CubePL syntax This tool can be used to convert all derived metrics into usual metrics which are holding data notice that POSTDERIVED metrics became invalid while this conversion CUBE provides examplees of remapping specification files for SCOUT and Score P They are stored in the directory prefix share doc cube examples Usage cube_remap2 r lt remap specification file gt o output d s h lt cube experiment gt r Name of the remapping specification file By omitting this option the specification file from the cube experiment is taken if present c Create output file with the same structure as an input file It overrides option r o Name of the output file default remap d Convert all prederived metrics into usual metrics calculate and store their values as a data s Add hardcoded SCALSCA metrics Idle threads and Limited parallelizm h Help Output a brief help message 50 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools 1 7 8 Statistics Extracts statistical information from the CUBE files
81. must be exactly as shown below with the exception that Exec should point to your Vampir client executable D BUS Service 41 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide Name com gwt vampir Exec private utils bin vng An example of the com gwt vampir service file For Paraver you have to specify a configuration file which is used to initialize the Par aver window which is opened when zooming as well as the path of the desired trace file This will launch Paraver which will directly open the correct trace file In order for CUBE to be able to launch Paraver the executable directory of Paraver must be in your path It is also possible to connect to multiple trace browsers so that you can view a trace file in Paraver and Vampir simultaneously but due to limitations with the Vampir client you can only have two Vampir clients running at the same time All trace browsers will be zoomed simultaneously if you select a zoom command as described below Once CUBE is connected to a trace browser you can select the Max severity in trace browser menu item of the metric tree so that all connected trace browsers are zoomed to the globally most severe instance of the selected pattern A more sophisticated feature of CUBE is the ability to zoom to the most severe instance of a pattern in a selected call path This can be done by selecting a metric in the metric tree which will highlight the most severe call paths in the call tree You can then use
82. ncalls 1 value time 5 00815 value ncalls 1 value time 11 0138 value ncalls 1 value time 0 000287 value ncalls 1 value time 11 0138 value ncalls 1 value time 0 value ncalls 0 value time 9 00879 value ncalls 1 done Usage tau2cube tau profile dir o cube 1 7 10 Common Calltree Common Calltree is a tool to reduce call trees of a set of cube files to the common part Usage cube_commoncalltree cubefilel cubefile2 cubefileN The tool cube_commoncalltree takes set of input cubefiles cubefilel cubefile2 cubefileN and creates corresponding set of cube files cubefilel_commoncalltree cubefile2_commoncalltree cubefileN_commoncalltree Output cube files cubefileX_commoncalltree do have the equal system and metric dimen sions like corresponding cubefileX file Call trees among cubefileX_commoncalltree files are reduced to the maximal up to a special case in region naming scheme common part Inclusive value of the missing part is added as a exclusive value to its parent which is a part of common part of call tree This tool is particulary useful for comparison of exprerimens with the different recursion depth or with the additional sub call trees depending on some loop iteration index 53 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 7 11 Topology Assistant Topology assistant is a tool to handle topologies in cube files It is able to add or edit a topology Usage
83. ng their semantics or regions representing library functions might point to the corresponding library documentation Disabled if there is no reference node or if no online information is available Location For flat profiles only Disabled if there is no reference node Displays information about the module and position within the module line numbers where the method is defined Source code For flat call profiles only for call trees see Call site and Called region below Disabled if there is no reference node Opens an editor for dis playing editing and saving the source code of the method region to which the reference node refers The begin and the end of the method region are highlighted If the specified source file is not found you are asked to choose a file to open The file is in a read only mode per default If you wish to edit the text please uncheck the Read only box in the bottom left corner For keyboard and mouse control see Section1 6 7 Hide iterations Only visible for calltree items that are recognized or manually defined as loop see Set as loop below By activating all children of the loop are hidden The grandchildren are shown and its values for the different iterations are aggregated see Figure1 9 Call site For call trees only Enabled only if there is a reference node Offers information about the caller of the reference node a Location Displays information about the module and position within the
84. nt as a leaf void set_cnode_as_leaf Cnode cnode Removes its subtree void set_statistics_name const std string amp name Stores the name of the statistic file inside of cube report 71 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API std string get_statistics_name const Returns the name of the statistic file if stored void enable _flat_tree const bool status Enables or disables the calculation of the flat tree For some applications flat tree doesn t make sense bool is_flat_tree_enabled const Returns whether calculation of flat tree is enabled or disabled void set_metrics_title const std string amp title Sets the title for the metric dimension In some applications with CUBE name metric is misleading std string amp set_metrics_title const Returns the title of the metric dimension void set_calltree_title const std string amp title Sets the title for the program dimension In some applications with CUBE name calltree is misleading std string amp set_calltree_title const Returns the title of the program dimension void set_systemtree_title const std string amp title Sets the title for the system dimension In some applications with CUBE name System is misleading std string amp set_systemtree_title const Returns the title of the system dimension 712 2 1 Creating CUBE Files vector lt string gt get_misc_data Returns a list with names of all files stored ins
85. nt kinds of performance behavior with ease CUBE also includes a library to read and write performance data as well as operators to compare integrate and summarize data from different experiments This user manual provides instructions of how to use the CUBE display how to use the operators and how to write CUBE files The version 4 of CUBE implementation has an incompatible API and file format to preceding versions 1 2 Introduction CUBE CUBE Uniform Behavioral Encoding is a presentation component suitable for displaying a wide variety of performance data for parallel programs including MPI 1 and OpenOpenMP 2 applications CUBE allows interactive exploration of the perfor mance data in a scalable fashion cube_ Scalability is achieved in two ways hierarchical decomposition of individual dimensions and aggregation across different dimensions All metrics are uniformly accommodated in the same display and thus provide the abil ity to easily compare the effects of different kinds of program behavior CUBE has been designed around a high level data model of program behavior called the cube performance space The CUBE performance space consists of three dimensions a metric dimension a program dimension and a system dimension The metric dimension contains a set of metrics such as communication time or cache misses The program dimension contains the program s call tree which includes all the call paths onto which metric values can be ma
86. nto the different elements of the performance space and stored in binary format in various files inside of the CUBEXenvelope The display component can load such a file and display the different dimensions of the performance space using three coupled tree browsers figure1 1 The browsers are con nected in such a way that you can view one dimension with respect to another dimension The connection is based on selections in each tree you can select one or more nodes For example in Figurel 1 the Execution metric the adi call path node and Process 0 are selected For each tree the selections in the trees on its left hand side 1f any re strict the considered data The metric nodes aggregate data over all call path nodes and all system items the call tree aggregates data for the Execution metric over all system nodes and each node of the system tree shows the severity for the Execution metric of the adi call path node for this system node If the CUBE file contains topological information the distribution of the performance metric across the topology can be examined using the topology view Furthermore the display is augmented with a source code display that shows the position of a call site in the source code As performance tuning of parallel applications usually involves multiple experiments to compare the effects of certain optimization strategies CUBE includes a feature de signed to simplify cross experiment analysis The CUBE algebr
87. nus sign General coloring Allows for selection of color maps and changing of color settings in a new dialog In the configuration dialog the Ok button applies the settings to the display and closes the dialog the Apply button applies the settings to the display and Cancel cancels all changes since the dialog was opened even if Apply was pressed in between and closes the dialog i default Default color map for Cube The configuration dialog is show in Figure1 4 At the top of the dialog you see a color legend with some vertical black lines showing the position of the color scale start the colors cyan green and yellow and the color scale end These lines can be dragged with the left mouse button or their position can also be changed by typing in some values between 0 0 left end and 1 0 right end below the color legend in the corresponding spins The different coloring methods offer different functions to interpolate the colors at positions between the 5 data points specified above With the upper spin below the coloring methods you can define a thresh old percentage value between 0 0 and 100 0 below which colors are 1 5 Using the Display File Display Plugins Help Absolute v Absolute v Absolute y E System tree Topology 0 z lt gt E Metric tree E Call tree El Flat view amp O IBM BG P EF O 0 00 Time sec a m 0 01 bt a amp O ROO MO NO H fl 0 00 mpi_setup O Proce
88. o 1 4 Environment variables CUBE provides the option of displaying an online description for entries in the metric tree via a context menu By default it will search for the given HTML description file on all the mirror URLs specified in the CUBE file In case there is no Internet connection the Qt based CUBE GUI can be configured to also search in a list of local directories for documentation files These additional search paths can be specified via the environment variable CUBE_DOCPATH as a colon separated list of local directories e g CUBE_DOCPATH opt software doc usr local share doc Note that this feature is only available in the Qt based GUI and not in the older wx Widgets based one To prevent CUBE from trying to load the HTML documentation via HTTP or HTTPS mirror URLs e g in restricted environments were outbound connections are blocked by a firewall and the timeout is taking very long the environment variable CUBE_ DISABLE_HTTP_DOCS can be set to either 1 yes or true CUBE C library allows to control the way it loads the data using the environment variable CUBE_DATA_LOADING Following values are possible 1 keepall data is loaded on demand and kept in memory to the end of lyfecycle of the Cube object 2 preload all data is loaded during the metric initialization and kept in memory to the end of lyfecycle of the Cube object Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 3 manual Application should reques
89. o R22 M1 N1 Process 7456 7456 0 2 57e10 Communi Gt W 2 15e13 Bytes tra 7 31e4 Computati 8 60 457 34 8 60 fh Number of elements 1 0 00 3 00e7 3 00e7 0 00 3 00 3 00 0 00 100 00 8 65 100 00 lt dl gt fold i gt lt gt lt fold Lal Gala Jo 4 y gt lt aE x y z t C E CES z Phan gt lt gt lt A 2 slice aan 0 00 a a Figure 1 15 4 dimensional example The right image in Figure1 15 shows the folding of dimension Z with dimension T One element with index 0 0 1 3 has been selected by clicking with the right mouse button into one it All elements inside the black rectancle around the selection belong to Z index The gray lines devide the rectangle into four elements which correspond to the elements of dimension T with index 0 to 3 1 6 2 topology Topology The topology menu offers the following functions related to the topology display described in Section1 6 2 1 Item coloring Offers a choice how zero valued system nodes should be colored in the topology display The two offered options are either to use white or to use white only if all system leaf values are zero and use the minimal color otherwise Line coloring Allows to define the color of the lines in topology painting Avail able colors are black gray white or no lines Toolbar This menu item allows
90. occurred For collective operations the most severe instance is the one with the largest sum of the waiting times of all processes which is not necessarily the one with the largest maximal waiting time of each individual process oO Connect to vampir lt atlantis gt 2 iw ia O Open local file a Connect to paraver lt atlantis gt 2 wv a Ox Host floc alhost Configuration file ers user General views state_as_is cfg Browse Port l 3000 Trace file home users user experiment runl prv Browse File nnection scorep_bt mz_B_4x3_trace traces otf2 X Cancel Hox X cancel Figure 1 24 The dialog windows for a connection to Vampir and to Paraver To use this feature you first have to connect to a trace browser by using the Connect to trace browser menu item of the File menu which offers to connect to Vampir as well as to Paraver This will open one of the two dialog windows shown below For Vampir you have to specify the host name and port of the Vampir server you want to connect to and the path of the trace file you want to load This will launch the Vampir client if it is correctly configured and load the speci fied trace file To configure Vampir so that it can be started automatically by CUBE a service file com gwt vampir service describing the path to your Vam pir client executable must be placed under usr share dbus 1 service or S HOME local share dbus 1 services This service file
91. ogies done Mean operation done Mean operation ends Writing mean cube done erging metric dimension scout2 cube scout3 cube scout4 cube o mean cube done done done done done done done done done done done done successfully Usage cube_mean o output c C h cube o Name of the output file default mean cube c Do not collapse system dimension if experiments are incompatible C Collapse system dimension h Help Output a brief help message 48 1 7 Performance Algebra and Tools 1 7 4 Compare Compares two experiments and prints out if they are equal or not Two experiments are equal if they have same dimensions hierarchy and the equal values of the severieties An example of the output is below user host cube_cmp remapped cube scoutl cube Reading remapped cube done Reading scoutl cube done Compare operation begins Experiments are not equal Compare operation ends successfully Usage cube_cmp h cubel cube2 h Help Output a brief help message 1 7 5 Clean CUBE files may contain more data in the definition part than absolutely necessary The cube_clean utility creates a new CUBE file with an identical structure as the input experiment but with the definition part cleaned up An example of the output is presented below use
92. ored but another behaviour may be chosen in the Settings menu If the experiment settings toolbar is enabled named settings can be selected and be saved in the ini file Screenshot The function offers you to save a screen snapshot in a PNG file Unfortunately the outer frame of the main window is not saved only the application itself 1 Quit Ctrl Q Closes the application j Recent files The last 5 opened files are offered for re opening the top most being the most recently opened one A full path to the file is visible in the status bar if you move the mouse above one of the recent file items in the menu 2 Display The display menu offers the following functions a Dimension order As explained above CUBE has three resizable panes b ww Initially the metric pane is on the left the call pane is in the middle and the system pane is on the right hand side However sometimes you may be interested in other orders and that is what this menu item is about It offers all possible pane orderings For example assume you would like to see the metric and call values for a certain thread In this case you could place the system pane on the left the metric pane in the middle and the call pane on the right as shown in Figure1 3 Note that in panes to the left of the metric pane no meaningful valuescan be presented since they miss a reference metric in this case values are specified to be undefined denoted by a mi
93. orresponding metric id in the CUBE file integer as text and the count 1 e how many instances of the pattern exist also as integer If more values are provided there have to be the mean value median minimum and maximum as well as the sum all as floating point numbers in arbitrary format If one of these values is provided all have to The next optional value is the variance also as a floating point number The last two optional values of which both or none have to be provided are the 25 and the 75 quantile also as floating point numbers If any of these values is omitted all following values have to be omitted too If for ex ample the variance is not provided the lower and the upper quartile must not be provided 81 0 047409 0 000009 0 000437 Chapter 3 Appendix either In the subsequent lines there can be an arbitrary number the information of the most severe instances is provided Each of these lines has to begin with a minus sign Then the text cnode followed by the cnode id of this instance in the CUBE file integer as text is provided The same holds for enter exit and duration floats as text The begin of the next pattern is indicated by a blank line 82 Bibliography Bibliography 1 Message Passing Interface Forum MPI A Message Passing Interface Standard June 1995 http www mpi forum org 1 2 OpenMP Architecture Review Board OpenMP Fortran Application Program In
94. parallel applications usually involves multiple experiments to compare the effects of certain optimization strategies CUBE offers a mechanism called performance algebra that can be used to merge subtract and average the data from different experiments and view the results in the form of a single derived experiment Using the same representation for derived experiments and original experiments provides access to the derived behavior based on familiar metaphors and tools in addition to an arbitrary and easy composition of operations The algebra is an ideal tool to verify and locate performance improvements and degradations likewise The algebra includes three operators diff merge and mean provided as command line utilities which take two or more CUBE files as input and generate another CUBE file as output The operations are closed in the sense that the operators can be applied to the results of previous oper ations Note that although all operators are defined for any valid CUBE data sets not all possible operations make actually sense For example whereas it can be very helpful to compare two versions of the same code computing the difference between entirely different programs is unlikely to yield any useful results 1 7 1 Difference Changing a program can alter its performance behavior Altering the performance behav ior means that different results are achieved for different metrics Some might increase while others might decrease
95. played si multaneously using a numerical value as well as a colored square Colors enable the easy identification of nodes of interest even in a large tree whereas the numerical values enable the precise comparison of individual values The sign of a value is visually dis tinguished by the relief of the colored square A raised relief indicates a positive sign a sunken relief indicates a negative sign Users can perform two basic types of actions selecting a node or expanding collapsing a node In the metric tree in figurel 1 the metric Execution is selected Selecting a node in a tree causes the other trees on its right to display values for that selection For the example of figure1 1 the metric tree displays the total metric values over all call tree and system nodes the call tree displays values for the Execution metric over all system entities and the system tree for the Execution metric and the adi call tree node Briefly a tree is always an aggregation over all selected nodes of its neighboring trees to the left Collapsed nodes with a subtree that is not shown are marked by a sign expanded 1 5 Using the Display File Display Plugins Help Absolute v Absolute v Absolute v E Metric tree E Call tree El Flat view E System tree Topology 0 z lt gt 3 0686 Visits occ 64 Synchronizatiol 8 48e4 Communic 1 85e9 Bytes tran 447 01 Computati All 128 elements v 1 82 41 CI RS Figure 1 1 C
96. pped The system dimension contains the items executing in par allel which can be processes or threads depending on the parallel programming model Each point m c s of the space can be mapped onto a number representing the actual measurement for metric m while the control flow of process thread s was executing call path c This mapping is called the severity of the performance space Each dimension of the performance space is organized in a hierarchy First the metric dimension is organized in an inclusion hierarchy where a metric at a lower level is a sub Chapter 1 Cube User Guide set of its parent For example communication time is a subset of execution time Second the program dimension is organized in a call tree hierarchy However sometimes it can be advantageous to abstract away from the hierarchy of the call tree for example if one is interested in the severities of certain methods independently of the position of their invo cations For this purpose CUBE supports also flat call profiles that are represented as a flat sequence of all methods Finally the system dimension is organized in a multi level hierarchy consisting of the levels machine SMPnode process and thread CUBE also provides a library to read and write instances of the previously described data model in the form of a CUBEXfile which is a TAR TARfile anchor xml inside of the CUBEXenvelope The data part contains the actual severity numbers to be mapped o
97. r host cube_clean remapped cube o cleaned cube Clean operation begins Reading remapped cube done Topology retained in experiment Clean operation ends successfully Writing cleaned cube done Usage cube_clean o output h cube o Name of the output file default clean cube gz h Help Output a brief help message 1 7 6 Reroot Prune For the detailed study of some part of the execution the CUBE file can be modified based on a given call tree node Two different operations are possible e The call tree may be re rooted i e only sub trees with the given call tree node as root are retained in the experiment e An entire sub tree may be pruned i e removed from the experiment In this case all metric values for that sub tree will be attributed to it s parent call tree node inlined 49 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide An example of the output is presented below user host cube_cut r inner_auto_ p flux_err_ o cutted cube remapped cube Reading remapped cube done Cut operation begins Topology retained in experiment Cut operation ends successfully Writing cutted cube done Usage cube_cut h r nodename p nodename o output cube o Name of the output file default cut cube gz r Re root call tree at named node p Prune call tree fro
98. ric is_ghost is used internally by CubePL Engine and can be left with default value CUBE_METRIC_NO_GHOST For further information about kinds of the derived metrics in cube and about CubePL syntax see 12 const std vector lt Metric gt amp get_metv const Returns a vector with all metrics in the CUBE object const std vector lt Metric gt amp get_root_metv const Returns a vector with all roots of the metric dimension in the CUBE object Metric get_met const std string amp uniq_name const Returns a metric with the given unig_name Returns NULL if the CUBE object doesn t contain a metric with this name Metric get_root_met Metric met Returns the root metric for the given metric met 64 2 1 Creating CUBE Files 2 1 1 2 Program Dimension This group refers to the program dimension of the performance space The entities pre sented in this dimension are region call site and call tree node 1 e call paths A region can be a function a loop or a basic block Each region can have multiple call sites from which the control flow of the program enters a new region Although we use the term call site here any place that causes the program to enter a new region can be represented as a call site including loop entries Correspondingly the region entered from a call site is called callee which might as well be a loop Every call tree node points to a call site The actual call path represented by a cal
99. ric met CalculationFlavour mf Region region CalculationFlavour rf const double get_sev Metric met CalculationFlavour mf const 69 Chapter 2 CUBE4 API With CalculationFlavour one calculates either inclusive or exclusive value along the corresponding tree Value cube CUBE_CALCULATE_EXCLUSIVE stands for exclusive value and value cube CUBE_CALCULATE_INCLUSIVE for inclusive 2 1 1 6 Miscellaneous Often users may want to define some information related to the CUBE file itself such as the creation date experiment platform and so on For this purpose CUBE allows the definition of arbitrary attributes in every CUBE data set An attribute is simply a key value pair and can be defined using the following method void def_attr const std string amp key const std tring amp value Assigns the value value to the attribute key CUBE allows using multiple mirrors for the online documentation associated with met rics and regions The url expression supplied as an argument for def_metric and def_region can contain a prefix mirror When the online documentation is ac cessed CUBE can substitute all mirrors defined for the prefix until a valid one has been found If no valid online mirror can be found CUBE will substitute the doc directory of the installation path for mirrort void def_mirror const std string amp mirror Defines the mirror mirror as potential substitution for the
100. ronizations occ 1218 Communications occ 5 65e7 Bytes transferred bytes 20 61 Computational imbalance sec E 361 49 Messages in Wrong L E 192 03 Wait at Barrier EX C 0 00 env_setup H O 0 00 zone_setup Gt C 0 00 map_zones FO 0 00 zone_starts O 0 00 set_constants E CL 0 00 initialize o 0 00 exact_rhs S 0 00 exch_qbc 0 00 copy x face 0 00 copy y face 0 00 MPI_Isend 0 00 MPI_Irecv File Edit Chart Filter we Hit it is Rank 0 Rank 0 1 Rank 0 2 Rank 1 Rank 1 1 Rank 1 2 Rank 2 Rank 2 2 Rank 3 4 m I gt Rank 3 1 0 00 237 21 38 61 614 39 Rank 3 2 Shows the most severe instance of pattern in trace bro FO 0 00 Thread 1 FO 0 00 Thread 2 O 0 00 Thread 3 Process 1 FE 0 01 Thread 0 FO 0 00 Thread 1 O 0 00 Thread 2 O 0 00 Thread 3 Process 2 FB 0 01 Thread O F O 0 00 Thread 1 FO 0 00 Thread 2 0 00 adi Call site 0 00 compute Called region 0 00 x_solve 0 00 y solve Expand collapse 0 00 z solve Hiding J 0 00 add Cut call tree A O 0 00 MPL Barrier i 7 Find items Yu Find Ne
101. ss 0 E 0 13 MPI O 0 00 MPI_Bcast E Bl 0 35 OMP eH fl 0 00 env_setup Gi Thread 1 0 03 Overhead 0 00 zone_setup O Thread 2 O 0 00 Idle threads fl 0 00 map_zones i Thread 3 1 64e4 Visits occ 0 00 zone_starts O Process 1 E 2 Synchronizations 0 00 set_constants i Thread 0 amp W 1218 Communicatio f i 0 13 initialize i Thread 1 fi 5 65e7 Bytes transf E E 0 04 exact_rhs O Thread 2 2 20 61 Computationa a 0 09 exch_qbc i Thread 3 E O Process 2 O 0 00 MPI_Barrier A Thread 0 G 0 03 verify Gi Thread 1 A O 0 00 MPI_Reduce i Thread 2 v 0 00 print_results e ggj 30 00 MPL Analize AAN gt All 128 elements v 00 0 O 41 00 99 23 41 32 0 JS Ready s Figure 1 3 Modified pane order via the menu Display Dimension order 11 lightened The nearer to the left end of the color scale the stronger the lightening with linear increase With the spin at the bottom of the dialog you can define a threshold percentage value between 0 0 and 100 0 below which values should be colored white Advanced Color Maps Cube plugin which provides additional color maps The configuration dialogs are presented in Figure 1 5 For every color map the plot allows for change of data accepted by color map and one can do that using left and right marker by dragging the marker or providing exact position through a double click near the marker value new dialog will appear The default color for
102. t and drop the data sets explicitly No correct ness check is performed Therefore one has to use this strategy with care 4 lastn Only N last used data rows are kept in memory N is specified via environ ment variable CUBE_NUMBER_ROWS 1 5 Using the Display This section explains how to use the CUBE QT display component After installation the executable cube can be found in the specified directory of executables specifiable by the prefix argument of configure see the CUBE Installation Manual The program supports as an optional command line argument the name of a cube file that will be opened upon program start After a brief description of the basic principles different components of the GUIwill be described in detail 1 5 1 Basic Principles The CUBE QT display has three tree browsers each of them representing a dimension of the performance space figurel 1 Per default the left tree displays the metric di mension the middle tree displays the program dimension and the right tree displays the system dimension The nodes in the metric tree represent metrics The nodes in the program dimension can have different semantics depending on the particular view that has been selected In Figurel 1 they represent call paths forming a call tree The nodes in the system dimension represent machines nodes processes or threads from top to bottom Each node is associated with a value which is called the severity and is dis
103. t filename gt takes a CubePL expression from file lt filename gt and evaluates it for every callpath If the result is non zero call path is included into the output X incllexcl Selects if the data along the metric tree should be calculated as an inclusive or an exclusive value Default value incl z incllexcl stored Selects if the data along the call tree should be calculated as an inclusive or an exclusive value Default value excl t lt thread id gt aggr Show data for one or more selected threads or aggregated over system tree r Prints aggregated values for every region flat profile sorted by id f lt name gt Selects a stored data with the name lt name gt to display d Shows the coordinates for every topology as well 57 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide y Disables expansion of clusters and shows bare stored meta structure w Prints out the information about structure of the cube o lt filename gt Uses a device or STDOUT for the output If omit STDOUT is used s human gnuplot csv csv2 R_ Uses either human readable form GNUPLOT or CSV two different layouts format or binary R matrix for data export h Help Output a brief help message This is examples of the usage Example 1 Scube_dump m time metric visits e metric time i metric visits e c 0 z incl s gnuplot profile cubex DATA Print out the data of the metric time main id 0 0 80 54900334
104. tatistic file should be identical to that of the CUBE file but with the suffix stat For example when the CUBE file is called trace cubex the corresponding statistic file is called trace stat 39 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 6 6 1 Statistical information about performance patterns If a statistic file is provided you can view statistical information about one or multiple patterns for example in order to compare them This is done by selecting the desired metrics in the metric tree and then selecting the Statistics menu item in the context menu This brings up the box plot window as shown in Figure1 23 0 2 A Statistics info lt atlantis gt lt 2 gt 2 v i Pattern mpi_barrier_wait h Sum 4 46 sec i Count 62 i Mean 0 07 sec 37 h Standard deviation 0 07 sec 38 i Maximum 0 19 sec 100 i Upper quartile 93 0 15 sec 78 A E Seen eel een Median 0 00 sec 1 Lower quartile Q1 0 00 sec 1 Minimum 0 00 sec 1 To Clipboard Close e peo ac Sie coor athena iat A O eter aera 1 2 3 4 A 1 mpi_barrier_completion 2 mpi_latebroadcast 3 mpi_barrier_wait 4 mpi_latesender_wo 5 omp_ibarrier_wait Close Figure 1 23 Screenshot of a box plot as shown by CUBE displaying statistical informa tion about the selected patterns The additional window on the top right displaying the exact values of the statistics The box plot shows a graphical representation of the statistical d
105. terations Set a specific number of major ticks Number of major ticks 3 a Horizontal Minor Ticks Number of minor ticks 2 a Vertical Major Ticks C Set major ticks by intervals Draw a major tick every fo j threads Set a specific number of major ticks Number of major ticks 3 3 Vertical Minor Ticks Number of minor ticks 2 3 _ cnet tes Figure 1 22 HEATMAP menu quartile Q3 Within the box the bold horizontal line represents the median Q2 and the dashed line the mean value To see the statistics as numeric values in a separate window use lt left mouse click gt inside the chart Zooming into the boxplot is done with lt left mouse drag gt from top to bottom and reset with a lt middle mouse click gt inside the chart Jodeprecated 1 6 6 Features enabled through statistic files In this section we will explain two features namely the display of statistical information about performance patterns which represent performance problems and the display of the most severe instances of these patterns in a trace browser which both are only available if a statistic file for the currently opened CUBE file is present Currently such a statistic file can be generated by the SCOUT analyzer 5 The file format of statistic files is described in the Appendix 3 1 For CUBE to recognize the statistic file 1t must be placed in the same directory as the CUBE file The basename of the s
106. th x Ax X Cancel Y ply I Figure 1 6 Display Precision It consists of two parts precision settings for the tree displays and precision settings for the selected value info widgets and the topology displays For both formats three values can be defined i il 111 Number of digits after the decimal point As the name suggests you can specify the precision for the fraction part of the values E g the number 1 234 is displayed as 1 2 if you set this precision to 1 as 1 234 if you set it to 3 and as 1 2340 if you set it to 4 Exponent representation above 10 with x Here you can define above which threshold scientific notation should be used E g the value 1000 is displayed as 1000 if this value is larger then 3 and as 1e3 otherwise Display zero values below 10 with x Due to inexact floating point representation it often happens that users wish to round down values very near by zero to zero Here you can define the threshold below which this rounding should take place E g the value 0 0001 is displayed as 0 0001 if this value is larger than 3 and as zero otherwise d Trees This menu item offers two sub items i 11 Font Here you can specify the font the font size in pt and the line spacing for the tree displays see Figurel 7 The Ok button applies the settings to the display and closes the dialog the Apply button applies the settings to the display and Cancel cance
107. to specify if the topology toolbar buttons should be labeled by icons by a text description or if the toolbar should be hidden For more information about the toolbar see Section1 6 3 2 Show also unused hardware in topology If not checked unused topology planes i e planes whose grid elements don t have any processes threads assigned to are hidden Unused plane elements if not hidden are colored gray Topology antialiasing If checked anti aliasing is used when drawing lines in the 30 1 6 Plugins topologies 6 Zoom into current plane If checked the plane containing the recently selected item is shown completely It is never covered by a neighbor plane 1 6 2 1 toolbar The system pane may contain topology displays if corresponding data is specified in the CUBE file Basically a topology display draws a two or three dimensional grid in the form of some planes placed one above the other Each plane consists of a two dimensional grid of processes or threads The toolbar is enabled only if the system pane shows a topology display and it offers functions to manipulate the display of the above grid planes The toolbar can be labeled by icons by text or it can be hidden see menu Topology Toolbar in Section1 6 4 2 The toolbar buttons have tool tips 1 e a short description pops up if the toolbar is enabled and you move the mouse above a button The functions are the following listed from the left to
108. ubehelix improved rainbow Reference Green D A 2011 A colour scheme for the display of astronomical intensity images Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India 39 289 D Improved rainbow colormap Set of color maps based on original jet rainbow scheme but with different lightness distribution The goal behind these schemes is to provide map with more balanced perception which is poor for original jet mainly because of sharp changes in lightness These maps doesn t provide any possibility for configuration Reference Perceptually improved colormaps MATLAB Central c Precision Activating this menu item opens a dialog for precision settings see Figurel 6 Besides Ok and Cancel the dialog offers an Apply button that applies the current dialog settings to the display Pressing Cancel undoes all changes due to the dialog even if you already pressed Apply previously and closes the dialog Ok applies the settings and closes the dialog 11 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide Display in trees Number of digits after decimal point 4 Exponent representation above 10 x with x 4 4p lt gt N Display zero for values below 10 x with x Display in the value widget under the tree widgets and in topologies Number of digits after decimal point 2 Exponent representation above 10 x with x 4 pi 4p ajo Display zero for values below 10 x wi
109. umentation about this metric Description Describes a metric Calculation Field where one enters the CubePL expression for the derived metric Automatic syntax check is done If there is a syntax error dialog highlights the place of the error and gives an error message Calculation Init Field where one enters the initialisation CubePL expres sion for the derived metric which is executed only once after metric creation Automatic syntax check is done If there is a syntax error dialog highlights the place of the error and gives an error message Aggregaton Prederived metrics can specify an expression for the oper ator in the aggregation formula In this field one can redefine it Automatic syntax check is done If there is a syntax error dialog highlights the place of the error and gives an error message Calculation Prederived inclusive metric can specify an expression for the operator in the aggregation formula In this field one can redefine it Automatic syntax check is done If there is a syntax error dialog highlights 23 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 28 29 30 31 the place of the error and gives an error message m Create metric closes dialog and creates metric with parameters set in this dialog Enabled if syntax is OK type of metric is selected and fields Unique name Display name are set n Cancel closes dialog without creating any metric o Share this metric with SCALA
110. ute value of a selected or a root node from the same tree or in one of the trees on the left hand side For example in the Own root percent value mode the severity values are presented as percentage of the own root s inclusive severity value This way you can see how the severities are distributed within the tree All the value modes Own root percent System selection percent fall into this category All nodes of trees on the left hand side of the metric tree have undefined values Basically we could compute values for them but it would sum up the severities over all metrics that have different meanings and usually even different units and thus those values would not have much expressiveness Since we cannot compute percentage values based on undefined reference values such value modes are not supported For example if the call tree is on the left hand side and the metric tree is in the middle then the metric tree does not offer the Call root percent mode The second category is available for system trees only and shows the distribution of the values within hierarchy levels E g the Peer percent value mode displays the severities as percentage of the maximal value on the same hierarchy depth The value modes Peer percent Peer distribution fall into this category Finally the External percent value mode relates the severity values to severities from another external CUBE file see below for the explanation Depending on t
111. values out of range is grey One can change colors of scheme for some color maps and color for values out of range Double mouse click on proper part of the plot opens a dialog with selection of RGB color Additionally one can adjust the plot marker or reset to default values through the context menu Currently the plugin adds four different sets of color maps Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 0 0 1 0 Start at Cyan at Green at Yellow at End at o 00 l fo 10 f 0 20 fos fio B Coloring method Linear Quadratic 1 Quadratic 2 Exponential 1 Exponential 2 Lighten colors for values under 0 00 E this percentage of the maximal value IY Use white to color values under this percentage in the value range Pox X Cancel Y Apply 0 00 js Figure 1 4 The color dialog opened via the menu Display gt General coloring A Sequential Scheme is defined by starting and ending color with lin ear or exponential interpolation between them Predefined schemes provide simple interpolation from one color to pure white Middle marker allows for subtle change of interpolation Divergent This scheme is defined by an interpolation from starting to ending color but with a critical value between them depicted with the pure white The position of critical point can be set with the middle marker Cubehelix Scheme designed primarily for display of astronomical intensity images Th
112. xt Clear found items Copy to clipboard Min max values ery eee 111 _ NII Rank 2 1 TTT ST O 0 00 Thread 3 Process 3 F E 0 01 Thread 0 H O 0 00 Thread 1 0 00 Thread 2 0 00 Thread 3 Process 4 a ae 1 lnnectioniscorep_bemz_B_4 3 tracefraces otf2 Vampir lt atlantis gt amp y 3 PTL TTL ATE OAL TATE CI UT mnt TO TO 0014111 ET MT 1 Function Summary All Processes Accumulated Exclusiv 25 ms O ms E oP LooP Application s fj OMP_PARALLEL Context View 2 263 m Function Legend E Application eg MPI 15 OMP_LOOP E li MM omP PARALLEL mo I omP sync J A Figure 1 25 Context menu called on a special call path showing the Max severity in trace browser menu item which results in the location of the worst Late Broadcast instance shown in the timeline display of Vampir It can be seen that processes enter the MPI_Bcast operation earlier than the root process leading to a wait state 43 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 6 7 Keyboard and mouse control 1 6 7 1 General control Shift Fl Help What s this Ctrl O Shortcut for menu File gt Open Ctrl W Shortcut for menu File Close Ctrl Q Shortcut for menu File gt Quit lt left mouse click gt over menu tool bar activate menu function
113. xt menu description below for color settings A label in the metric tree shows the metric s name A label in the call tree shows the last callee of a particular call path If you want to know the complete call path you must read all labels from the root down to the particular node you are interested in After switching to the flat profile view see below labels in the flat call profile denote methods or program regions A label in the system tree shows the name of the system resource it represents such as a node name or a machine name Processes and threads are usually identified by a rank number but it is possible to give them specific names when creating a CUBE file The thread level of single threaded applications is hidden Multiple root nodes are supported After opening a data set the middle panel shows the call tree of the program However a user might wish to know which fraction of a metric can be attributed to a particular region e g method regardless of from where it was called In this case you can switch 16 1 5 Using the Display from the call tree view default to the flat profile view Figure1l 8 In the flat profile view the call tree hierarchy is replaced with a source code hierarchy consisting of two levels regions and their subroutines Any subroutines are displayed as a single child node labeled Subroutines A subroutine node represents all regions directly called from the region above In this way you
114. ystem dimension h Help Output a brief help message 47 Chapter 1 Cube User Guide 1 7 3 Mean The mean operator is intended to smooth the effects of random errors introduced by un related system activity during an experiment or to summarize across a range of execution parameters You can conduct several experiments and create a single average experiment from the whole series The mean operator takes an arbitrary number of arguments The possible output is presented below user host cube_mean scoutl cube Mean operation begins Reading scoutl cube done HAARHRHAARHDARARARDIARARAARADARARA FO Merging program dimension Merging system dimension oO o OF fn 5 oO o o jara oO o Q E Mapping severities done Adding topologies done Mean operation done g scout2 cube done Merging metric dimension Merging program dimension Merging system dimension Mapping severities done Adding topologies done Mean operation done g scout3 cube done Merging metric dimension Merging program dimension Merging system dimension Mapping severities done Adding topologies done Mean operation done g scout4 cube done Merging metric dimension Merging program dimension Merging system dimension Mapping severities done Adding topol

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