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Tektronix Grass Valley 3000 User's Manual

1. 15 14 External 13 Frame 12B Menu Floppy Interface Store Display 12A Menu 11 Mask 10 Wipe Disk Drive Subpanel Subpanel Buttons Display Subpanel Subpanel 8 A S N aa R 16 Grass Valley Group X A a L S Crosspoint a 2 Name o o x Upper ancy 5 Panel ption a EBEIEBB N BEBEE e ci amp ie 500 008 B 17 c T EEES CE EJEJEJEJETE Ae ET JEJ Made 30003 Bus EDBBEBEBOBEBBEBBEBEBEBEBE cose Cu 9 J EBBBHBEDOBOOOHEEDEBEDEBEE DE p ElgEBEHE e EB 53 Positioner EEEELLELLELLELLELELELEEEE Gee EEDGOE E EBEHE ole EB eee Subpane ELLELLLILLLILLLTITITITLLLLEELD Lrje B6066 EJEljEDE 9 Jo E B BBBBBBEBEBEBBEBBEBEBEBEEE E Bc wes alte oe 8 FACEBDDBBEDOBEBBBBBBBOEBBEDEBEE E Ee EBBEE s EBBEE ele EB Ess 8 Chroma 7 zs ELLEEELELLELELELELLEELLEEEE E Ej ajang o eEm g Keyer Lower L EFEEEELEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE G E IEBBDB ojo E fmt Subpane Panel BEIDIEIDEIDEIBEIDEIBIEIEDIDCEEBEIOEJBE 0E M mess 5 0 eel cecal lt BEBDBEBOEBOBDBEDEEEOBEEEBE DE g BEBEE y BIEEEEE 2 EB El seii T 4 EAE ED B ae yo E6655 e EE BT Preview
2. No assembly version is shown for the Control Processor module in cell 17 because it is unable to interrogate itself However you can be sure that it is present and operating otherwise you would not have made it to this point uon Entries that have a in the left column are mezzanine boards that might be installed on the modules listed immediately above them in the table Note that the version of the installed software is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the display Powering Up 3 Press the UPPER BOARDS soft button INSTALLATION INFO MENU status install info MODEL 3000 3 SOFTWARE VERSION 5 0 SLOT BOARD VERSION SLOT BOARD VERSION RGB CK IN 068922 00C 13 RGB CK IN 068922 00C 14 RGB CK IN 068922 00C 15 DIG OUT SER 068931 00F 16 DIG OUT PAR 068930 00C 17 ANLG OUT 068929 00F ANLG OUT 068929 00F DIG OUT PAR 068930 00C MAIN UPPER LOWER BOARDS BOARDS BOARDS This menu shows what slots in the upper card cage Bay A have modules installed and the format and assembly version number for each installed module You may wish to refer back to this menu when you are setting parameters for analog and digital outputs and RGB chroma keyer inputs 2 5 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 4 Press the LOWER BOARDS button INSTALLATION IN
3. AUX BUS FORMAT Software Version 5 3 DPM I F PERIPH I F GPI OUTPUTS EFF SEND DELAY CONTROL DELAY r 2400 4800 9600 PERIPH TRIGGERS TRIGGER SELECT DEVICE NUMBER FUNCTN NUMBER OFF GPl1 8 1 8 PGM CUT TRIGGER SELECT GPI E MEM LEVEL MISC DPM1 AUX BUS 1B Q GPI LENGTH DPM2 AUX BUS 2B DPM3 AUX BUS 3B L DPM4 AUX BUS 4B AUX BUS 5B AUX BUS 6B AUX BUS 7B 3 M E Switcher 4TO 10 GROUP SELECT 111017 E Q LUM CLIP CARD SELECT 1 4 O CHROMA CLIP MIE 1 PVW O COMPOSITE CLIP M E 2 PVW 8BIT E DEWCET C BLACK CLIP M E 3 PVW 10 BIT bEvicE S DSK BW DEVICE 3 L DEVICE 4 2400 RESTORE DEFAULT 4800 KSCOPE KRYSTAL 9600 OUTPUT TIMING OFFSET 15209 OTHER BAUD Ll 38400 TONENE EDITOR I F PARITY ODD SWR IN SWR OUT BOTH OFF CHAN 1 AUX DPM SELECT G VIDEO INPUT Q KEY INPUT rommoomm Figure 2 2 Configuration Menu Tree Part 2 d DEVICE SELECT NO OF CHANNELS CHANNEL SELECT 075442 r MISC PHYS CHAN DEVICE 1 7 DEVICE 2 DEVICE 3 DEVICE 4 CHAN 1 8 AUX 1 7 r DEVICE 1 7 DEVICE 2 DEVICE 3 DEVICE 4 CHANA F7 CHAN B F CHAN C CHAN D I CHAN E CHAN F F CHANG M CHAN H SECONDARY NO
4. The external video and key assignments must correspond to the video and key inputs connected to the frame as described in the Installation section of the Installation and Service manual The assignments made on the source selection panel may be any combination of external inputs and internal inputs During the assignment procedure each of the 32 or 48 input buses may be assigned a video signal a key signal and a chroma key signal The SHIFT button located at the right end of each primary source selection row provides access to the 16 or 24 shifted inputs Configuring Inputs From the Configuration Menu press the INPUTS gt button to bring up the Inputs Menu INPUTS MENU 100 COLOR BARS TOP 75 COLOR BARS TEST SIGNAL config inputs MULTIPULSE PULSE amp BAR CHR KEY TEST H RAMP H RAMP LSB 100 COLOR BARS 75 COLOR BARS bts BOTTOM MULTIBURST TEST SIGNAL MULTIPULSE PULSE amp BAR CHR KEY TEST H RAMP H RAMP LSB DIGITAL EXT KEY SETUP MAP CHR KEY GPI RES gt SYNC gt ON KEY gt INPUTS gt INPUTS gt INPUTS gt The Inputs Menu allows you to enter or change the various configuration settings for your inputs Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting Input Digital Resolution 1 From the Inputs Menu select DIGITAL RES to display the Input Digital Resolution Menu INPUT DIGITAL RESOLUTION MENU config inputs dig
5. Pressing the H BLANKING DEFAULT button resets the horizontal blanking start and end values to Grass Valley default settings 0 0 clocks 5 Setthe SUPERBLACK OUTPUT LEVEL soft knob as desired This adjusts the super black output level over a range of 20 0 IRE to 7 5 IRE for U S A NTSC or 20 0 IRE to 0 0 IRE for the Japanese NTSC 6 Setthe FIELD DOM to FIELD 1 FIELD 2 or NONE Refer to page 2 64 7 Selectthe desired matte generator chroma limiting algorithm with the MATTE GEN LIM button The selections are as follows XMITABL Prevents the total signal luminance and chrominance from exceeding the NTSC transmission standard VALID RGB Limits colors to those which generate red green and blue values within the 0 to 100 range BOTH Selects a valid RGB color limiter that also prevents the encoded signal envelope from exceeding NTSC transmission level This is the system default mode NONE Turns off all algorithm methods for matte generator limiting 8 The SET CLOCK selection opens the Set Clock Menu which allows you to set the date and time for the system Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting the System Clock 1 From the System Parameters Menu press the SET CLOCK gt soft button to display the Set Clock Menu SET CLOCK MENU config system param set clock CLOCK July 4 1994 5 07 00 PM Press CONFIRM button to update the clock setting
6. This feature allows you to return a high tally from a DPM 700 when configured with the Model 3000 To use the DPM Logical Channel Tally feature connect the DPM 700 as described in the Installation and Service manual To Enable the Model 3000 1 From the Map Inputs Menu a Select LOG CHANNEL with the LOG PHYS ASSIGN button b Select DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 with the VIDEO INPUT soft knob c Select DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 with the KEY INPUT soft knob d Select NONE with the CHROMA KEY INPUT soft knob 2 From the DPM Setup Menu a Choose DPM 1 with the DEVICE SELECT button b Choose OTHER FIXED with the DPM TYPE button 3 From the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu a Select DPM 1 b Select 2 with the NUMBER OF CHANNELS soft knob c Select AUX 1 with the CHANNEL 1 soft knob Operating Notes 4 From the DPM Map Inputs Menu eov f 2 Choose DPM 1 with the DEVICE SELECT button Select CHAN 1 PRI with the CHANNEL SELECT button Select 11 with the VIDEO INPUT soft knob Select 12 with the KEY INPUT soft knob Select CHAN 2 PRI with the CHANNEL SELECT button Select 11 with the VIDEO INPUT soft knob Select 12 with the KEY INPUT soft knob 5 From the GPI Input Menu Configure GPIs 1 amp 2 Select GPI 1 with the GPI SELECT button Press the MISC button to set the FUNCTION SELECT soft knob to LOG TALLY Verify that the AUX BUS soft knob 1 and that the VIDEO INPUT soft knob DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 Press the PROGRAM GP
7. 0 DPM2 DEVICE 3 NONE NONE 0 DPM3 DEVICE 4 NONE NONE 0 DPM 4 CONTROL DELAY 7 fields KSCOPE KRYSTAL DVEOUS OTHER FIXED DPM1 NONE DEVICE DPM CHANNEL DPM MAP DPM MAP SELECT TYPE ROUTING AUX BUSES gt INPUTS gt 3 4000 v5 3 2 From the DPM Setup Menu press DEVICE SELECT to select the desired DEVICE 1 through 4 2 41 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 42 For Kaleidoscope a Setthe DPM TYPE in the 3000 DPM Setup Menu to KSCOPE NOTE A delay has been introduced when changing DPM TYPE This delay allows a new DPM TYPE to be chosen without cycling through intermediate DPM Types Once the desired solution has been made the new DPM TYPE will be set 2 seconds later b Turnthe EFF SEND DELAY soft knob to select 2 fields It is important that this delay be set correctly c Turn the CONTROL DELAY knob to select 6 fields d Set CHANNEL ROUTING for SWR IN or BOTH depending upon your system configuration as described previously under Configuring a DPM e Reset the Control Processor in the Model 3000 Signal Processor frame This is done by opening the front door of the Processor and pressing the RESET button located near the top of the Control Processor module in cell 17 of Bay B Communication should now be established between the Model 3000 and Kaleidoscope For a DPM 700 Set the DPM TYPE to OTHER FIXED Turn the EFF SEND
8. 2 18 Configuring Inputs Mapping Crosspoints The Map Inputs Menu allows you to define the format for each video or key input 1 From the Inputs Menu press the MAP INPUTS button to select the Map Inputs Menu MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT config inputs map inputs ANL AUT 10 BIT SETUP KEY INPUT 1 DIG SER 8 BIT SETUP SYNC XPT BUTTON XPT BUTTON NUMBER NAME 30 CHROMA KEY INPUT SHIFT 14 HONE ENCODED Use the Preset Bus to select button number SHAPED LOG CHANNEL VIDEO PHYS INPUTS VIDEO LOG PHYS NAME XPT KEY FMT ASSIGNMENT BUTTON gt 2 With the LOG PHYS ASSIGNMENT button select PHYS INPUTS NOTE The LOG CHANNEL function of the LOG PHYS ASSIGNMENT button will be discussed later in this section under Configuring a DPM 3 On the PST bus on the Source Select panel press the crosspoint button whose sources you wish to map All crosspoints in that vertical column will have the same inputs Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 4 Usethe appropriate soft knob to select the desired type of input Note that input formats are displayed when selecting input type NOTE Any crosspoint that is undefined defaults to black 5 To map a chroma key input use the CHROMA KEY INPUT soft knob to assign the chroma key input for the currently selected crosspoint button 6 Use the VIDEO KEY FMT button to assign whether the input will use shaped video or unshaped
9. Background x Keyhole in Background ee WW y Background plus Foreground 10 0000 aA Foreground Key Fill C UNSHAPED selected in _ Map Inputs Menu Shaped Video Unshaped turns ON Shaping Circuit Figure A 7 Correct Unshaped Keying Operation A 8 Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video Incorrect Input Configuration Figure A 8 and Figure A 10 show how the fill video is handled by the switcher when the shaped unshaped selection in the Configuration Inputs Map Inputs menu is set incorrectly for the input signal that is mapped to the crosspoint Figure A 9 and Figure A 11 show the appearance of the video on the monitor in each of these cases Incorrect Operation With Shaped Fill Video Figure A 8 shows what happens when the DPM is providing a shaped video output but UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu The UNSHAPED selection turns on the input Shaping circuit causing the Shaped input signal to be shaped again sometimes called a double multiply The re shaped video does not completely fill the key hole in the Background so a dark halo appears around the key Background Y0 0000 Keyhole in Background Dark Halo Around Key W Background plus Foreground Invert Foreground Key Fill 5 UNSHAPED selected in A Map Inputs Menu Doubly Shaped shaped turns ON Shaping Circuit Video Figure A 8 Incorrect
10. DATE TIME SELECT CONFIRM 2 Setthe date by selecting DATE with the SELECT button and turning the soft knobs to select the appropriate YEAR MONTH and DAY 3 Press the CONFIRM button to enter the new date 2 12 Setting System Parameters 4 Setthe time by selecting TIME with the SELECT button and using the soft knobs to select the HOUR MINUTE and SECOND SET CLOCK MENU config system param set clock CLOCK xc July 4 1994 5 07 00 PM Press CONFIRM button SECOND to update the clock 0 setting DATE TIME N A SELECT CONFIRM 5 Press the CONFIRM button to enter the new time 6 Press the EXIT button to return to the Configuration Menu Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Configuring Inputs 2 14 Primary video and key inputs to the switcher are numbered 1 through 64 Each input can be treated as either a video signal or a key signal Each input including Black and Background can be mapped to any vertical column of source select crosspoint buttons Internally generated sources black backgrounds mask etc are also available for selection on the crosspoint matrix In the Model 3000 2 thirty two inputs may be assigned to the crosspoint buttons 16 unshifted and 16 shifted inputs described below In the Model 3000 3 forty eight inputs may be assigned to the crosspoint buttons 24 unshifted and 24 shifted inputs described below
11. Therefore it is recommended that analog connections to Kaleidoscope inputs be made directly from the 3000 Aux Bus outputs That is don t route the video through DAs or similar devices A 13 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video When the Effects Send option is not present the SHAPED UNSHAPED selections for the Aux Buses are not visible in the menu OUTPUTS MENU config outputs 105IRE CHROMA CLIP SHAPED 105 SHAPED SHAPED COMPOSITE CLIP 138 IRE FRAMESTORE orF OFF oN ov MENTIS BLACK CLIP OFF MN UNSHAPED OFF 20 IRE OUTPUT SUPER SETUP VIDEO KEY DIGITAL SELECT BLACK ON KEY FMT LIMITER RES gt Figure A 12 Model 3000 Outputs Menu Software v5 0 A 14 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video For the Model 4000 or Model 2200 1 Pressthe CONFG button on the switcher s main menu panel then the AUX BUS FORMATS soft button in the Configuration menu and the AUX BUS SHAPING button in the Aux Bus Format menu to bring up the Aux Bus Shaping menu shown in Figure A 13 2 Setthe VIDEO KEY FMT selections for Aux Buses 1 through 4 Aux 1 and 2 on the 2200 to match the characteristic SHAPED or UNSHAPED expected by the external devices connected to those outputs These settings control the states of the unshapers on the Aux Bus outputs When the Effects Send option is not present the VIDEO KEY FMT selections are not visible in the menu AUX BUS SHA
12. To Enable the Model 3000 6 cece eee eens 2 70 To Enable Kaleidoscope 0 06 c cece eee eee eee 2 70 Remote Aux Panel Joystick Override 0 00022 eee 2 71 Joystick Override Programming ssuus 2 71 Contents Section 3 Switcher Concepts vi Clear Working Buffers 5e bre EXER Roe REA OQ entes 3 2 CWB Modes of Operation lsssssseeseeeeeeeeee 3 3 Auto Delegation nsectetur Roun s Ra 3 4 CrOSSDOIDEDUS oli acs ona seo a ub E ate ete a done D TranstHons casio ok e ae petente ed pee So doe ddr a 3 6 Cut Transitions uso eve dett Re mes bc pice aac ee 3 6 Mix Transition ssrssrssoss synes gaiiera nnn 3 6 Wipe Transition 0 eene 3 8 Keys seus Sia eddie hau OR Mee AW ee pup d d eade at a eme peo a 349 Luminance Key 42 e e eme metere en bla lel I ee 3 10 Linear Key siu sd doe ker ee eee de deo Veces Deti de es 3 12 Preset Pattern Key essere ere e ee Rees 3 12 Shaped and Unshaped Video sssseeeeleeeees 3 13 Input Shaped and Unshaped Video sssuess 3 14 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video 3 14 Super Black s x4 bee eder d ede t eee etc o 3 15 Chroma Key eene Ne pder que stre dee lese p penes e pen desea 3 16 GONDO 5c oe ese E E E ee LII E EE 3 18 Layers sime Peces hori n A ad bs E e S 3 19 E MEM Effects Memory sssssssseeeee eens 3 20 Effects and Keyframes ssssseeeeeeeeeeeees 3 20 Enables and Delegates corrosie i a 3 21
13. Borderline E MEM TEN X Wavelink and AA are registered trademarks and Air Link Auto Match Doubletake E Disk Eagle V Emphasys EZ Link 409 Grass Valley Horizon Jogger Kadenza Kaleidoscope K Mask Key Layer Key Link Krystal MASTER System Master 21 MAX Omni Key Per former Programmed Motion Silhouette Softset SqueezeBack Streamline Super Edit TEN 20 20 TEN Trace TrailBlazer VideoDesktop Flex Time and XEDL are trademarks of Tektronix Inc P O Box 1000 Wilsonville OR 97070 1000 U S A The information in this manual is furnished for informational use only is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Tek tronix Inc Tektronix assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inac curacies that may appear in this publication Tektronix Inc Video and Networking Division P O Box 1114 Grass Valley Cal ifornia 95945 U S A Contents Preface Welcome to the Model 3000 sese xi Organization of This Manual 6 6 60 cece eee eee xii How to use this manual eese nn xiii Conventions used in this manual eese xiv Button and Panel Knob References llle eese xiv Menu References 0 0 00 c ccc s xv Soft Button and Soft Knob References 0 000 e eee eee XV Section 1 System Overview Introduction ccce ke ee eee bee eee se ek e o eR eh le 1 1 General Description ssie cess
14. Caption See Title Character Generator An electronic device that produces letters numbers and symbols for video output Chroma Theattribute of light combining hue and saturation independent of intensity The color perceived is determined by the relative proportions of the three primary colors Chroma Key A key effect in which the key signal is derived from the chroma information hue and saturation of the key source Chroma Key Shadow A video effect in which the shadows in a keyed out portion of a picture can be restored on the background of the composite picture Chrominance The colorimetric difference between any color and a reference color of equal luminance Chrominance corresponds to the sensation of saturation CIE Colors Acolor standard recommended by the IEEE Clip A threshold level adjustment to which the key source attribute luminance chrominance etc is compared for generating the internal key signal The CLIP control sets the switching point between the background and the fill CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor A family of semiconductors characterized by low power consumption Color Bars Standard color test signal of usually eight colors Color Black A video signal in which the luminance is at the Black reference level Color Burst Anine cycle NTSC or ten cycle PAL burst of subcarrier on the video signal which serves as the reference for establishing the pict
15. E MEM enabled status of that level or channel either on or off This does not change the status of any other enabled levels or channels Enables and delegates are tied together in this mode If a channel is enabled for E MEM functions it is also delegated for Keyframe editing When DELEGATES is selected only specified enabled levels are delegated all other enabled levels are enabled but not delegated The timelines of all enabled levels are displayed in the Timeline Menu and the names of the delegated levels are highlighted This feature allows you to edit a delegated timeline while viewing its relationship to enabled timelines not being edited m In DELEGATES mode pressing the Enable button of a level or channel that is not enabled toggles it to an enabled and delegated status This does not change the status of any other enabled levels or channels Subsequent presses of that enabled button toggles the delegation of that channel on or off If you wish to toggle the enable status off you must leave the DELEGATES mode and go into the ENABLES mode Enables and Delegates Button Tallies The E MEM Enable buttons have three tally levels m High tally the E MEM is enabled and delegated for Keyframe editing m Low tally the E MEM is enabled but not delegated m Tally off the E MEM is not enabled and not delegated Refer to the E MEM control panel description in the Operation Reference manual for a detailed description of the functi
16. Enables and Delegates Button Tallies 3 22 Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing 0 3 23 Effects Editing Definitions sseeeeseeeeeeee 3 24 Timeline Menu ee i REOR Reed e ERR ea e eb ea 3 25 Manipulating Video Images 6 6c cece eee ees 3 26 Effects Send Option sss 3 28 Frame Store Option i td e ese a bri eerie 3 29 Contents Section 4 Switcher Operations About this Section iscir hare rassinn eene 4 1 Starting Conditions 2 nee 4 2 Switcher Hardware Setup cece cece cee eens 4 2 Clearing the Switcher 00 4 4 Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations 00000s 4 6 Backeround Cut ser ERR E Gem E OO Gerais eee 4 6 Background Mix 6 cece cee eens 4 9 Wipe Operations sonet dedo ete ais acter ne aoe 4 11 Background Wipe 00 ccc eee ee 4 11 Pattern Mixing 2 0 6 ccc nnn 4 15 Learning User Wipes 6 000 c cece cence eens 4 16 Fade to Blacks ooa coste Eoo nien diosa centres 4 19 Setting Transition Rates 6 cece ec eee 4 20 Background and Matte Generator Operations 4 22 Matte Selection osse ve eate o HER e ER er tein 4 23 Super Black cocoa mie PEL LP Et 4 23 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations 60045 4 24 Key Transition ii eise eet ep beer kn esee eden Nani gs 4 28 Preset Pattern Keying Operations 6666 c cece eee ee
17. Extrude A title enhancement in which a depth dimension is added to the title key signal F Fade to Black See Preset Black Transition Fault Isolation The determination of the cause of a failure by identifying a defective component or circuit Field One complete scan of the TV screen by the electron beam In the NTSC standard two interleaved fields of 262 and 263 raster lines make up a frame In the PAL standard two interleaved fields of 312 and 313 raster lines make up a frame The duration of a field is approximately 1 60 of a second in NTSC or 1 50 of a second in PAL 625 lines File A collection of related records in a computer system treated as a unit G 5 Glossary Fill or Insert Video The videoor matte signal used to fill the holes cut in the background video by the key signal Firmware Physical devices integrated circuits that house computer programs Also see Hardware and Software Flag Abit of information used to tell the program that some condition has occurred Flip Flop A transition in which the video sources selected on the background buses exchange places at the end of the transition for example the source selected on A Background becomes selected on B Background and the source selected on B Background becomes selected on A Background Floppy Disk Anelectronic device which is capable of storing data and programs for ease of retrieval and use by a computer Also see Hard D
18. It is not necessary to set the video key format for aux buses that are to be used for Effects Send When Effects Send is selected the B bus of each selected aux bus is automatically configured as a key Mapping DPM Returns Complete the DPM Setup by assigning the DPM channel returns to Model 3000 crosspoints as follows 1 Bring up the Map Inputs Menu by pressing the following buttons CONFG INPUTS MAP INPUTS gt Press a crosspoint button on the Preset bus to select the crosspoint whose input mapping is to be changed Select LOG CHANNEL with the LOG PHYS ASSIGNMENT button Rotate the VIDEO INPUT knob to assign the desired DPM number and logical channel for this crosspoint For example Configuring External Interfaces assign logical channel 1 of DPM 1 by selecting DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT WP 3 DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 config inputs map inputs KSCOPE KEY INPUT DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 KSCOPE XPT BUTTON XPT BUTTON NUMBER NAME NONE 12 CHROMA KEY INPUT ENCODED UNSHAPED Use the Preset Bus to select button number VIDEO SHAPED LOG CHANNEL VIDEO PHYS INPUTS VIDEO LOG PHYS NAME XPT KEY FMT ASSIGNMENT BUTTON gt 5 Rotate the KEY INPUT knob to assign the desired DPM number and logical channel for this crosspoint For example assign logical channel 1 of DPM 1 by selecting DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 6 Rotate the CHROMA KEY INPUT knob to select the chroma key input fo
19. NORMAL REVERSE or FLIP FLOP NORMAL the original video is in the black part of the icon the new video is in white REVERSE the opposite of NORMAL FLIP FLOP cycles between NORMAL and REVERSE wipes If NORMAL button is lit the next transition will be Normal or vice versa Select BORDER and adjust WIDTH Adjust BRIGHTNESS SATURATION and HUE controls on the M E 1 Matte Subpanel and WIDTH and OPACITY on the Wipe Subpanel Select SOFT and adjust SOFTNESS Move the Positioner joystick to move the pattern if desired To return the pattern to center press CENTER 4 13 Section 4 Switcher Operations Rotation Type Adjust the three Rotation Type Controls on the Wipe Subpanel as desired ROT POS set the rotation angle of object controlled with turns of ROTATE Knob ROT SPD Selects continuous rotation ROTATE Knob sets speed and direction ROT MAG locks the rotation movement to the lever arm ROTATE Knob sets amount of rotation Aspect Stretch the Wipe Pattern either horizontally or vertically Pattern Modifiers Use SPLIT to split the pattern into two opposing directions SPLIT simultaneously performs a NORMAL and REVERSE wipe Use the Horizontal and Vertical Multipliers to create up to seven vertical and or eight horizontal patterns Press and hold 1 2 second the Horiz or Vert Multiplier button to return to a single wipe pattern 4 14 Wipe Operations
20. Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 58 Setup a new keyframe chose a new wipe pattern and move it around Press INSRT AFTER Note that new keyframe 2 is added at the current 0 15f Time Cursor position Previous keyframe 2 becomes keyframe 3 Note that the overall effect time of 2 00 2 seconds has not changed The durations of previously numbered keyframes 1 and 2 are changed to accommodate the newly inserted keyframe Version 5 2 and later software changes Whether keyframes are inserted on a keyframe or on the path is now determined by the presence or lack of keyframes on the delegated individual level timelines rather than on the Master Timeline With previous software versions If the Master Timeline cursor was on a keyframe an Insert operation Insert Before or Insert After used the on a keyframe rule that is a new keyframe was added before or after the current keyframe on each delegated level and that added keyframe lengthened the overall duration of those timelines If the Master Timeline cursor was not on a keyframe the Insert operation used the on the path rule that is anew keyframe was added at that point in time on each delegated level subtracting the added keyframe s duration from the current keyframe s duration Therefore the added keyframe did not add to the overall duration of that timeline With software version 5 2 the system makes decisions as to whether to use
21. These can be any still or moving video sources and will be referred to as Source 1 and Source 2 A Character Generator set up with three lines of text available with a key signal This will be referred to as the Title 1 A Digital Video effects source such as Kaleidoscope Krystal or DPM 700 with key to be referred to as DPM Set up with a box with soft white borders and positioned in the top right of the screen Two video monitors 1 for Program on air and 1 for Preview The preview monitor is useful if you have the Look Ahead Preview option These video sources should be mapped to known switcher crosspoint buttons along with the internal Black and the Background signals If this has not been done refer to the switcher configuration information in Software Setup in Section 2 of this guide Starting Conditions Figure 4 1 Source 1 Figure 4 2 Source 2 4 3 Section 4 Switcher Operations CLEAR WORK S prev NEXT BUFR Clearing the Switcher F GO GO GET TO TO KF TIME COPY TIME MARK INSRT FASTE CURSR CURSR BEFOR EFF DUR EHHE 4 4 MARK INSRT MARK BLOCK MOD AFTER EHHE It is best to reset the switcher to a known state before beginning any of these procedures Step 2 below clears all switcher areas except crosspoints To bring the switcher to a known state you will want to clear either all or just certain parts of the switcher The Clear W
22. again to run the effect 4 Try running the effect in reverse Again press REWIND 4 55 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 56 5 Press REV Press RUN 6 The effect now runs backwards starting at keyframe 2 and ending with keyframe 1 NOTE If the Enable source for example M E 1 has been de selected it will appear as if the effect has been erased Simply re select the Enable button and the effect will be restored Advanced Keyframe Editing This subsection introduces more complex and advanced keyframe editing techniques You will be setting Enables and Delegates refer to Appendix B Keyframe Facts and manipulating timelines m Make changes to the keyframe MOD absolute or relative single or multiple keyframes m Keyframe Timelines m Constant Duration Mode m Manipulating Entire Effects Insert A Keyframe when on a keyframe Pressing Enable buttons such as M E 1 M E 2 etc on the E MEM panel delegates individual register levels so that changes can be made to those levels While effect editing you would normally enable all levels that contribute to the overall effect When you want to make changes to individual levels you should delegate only those levels and perform the operation Insert Before Insert After Mod Cut Paste etc Only the delegated levels will be modified Those levels which are enabled but not delegated will not be modified Keyframe Operations 1 Recall t
23. foreground fill video and the background video 3 11 Section 3 Switcher Concepts 3 12 Linear Key A linear key is similar to a luminance key except that the gain of the key is set to a value of one also called unity so that the edges of anti aliased key sources are faithfully reproduced Anti aliased sources such as the output of a character generator or graphics system have soft edges that produce a mix between the fill and the background at the key edge A linear key preserves this edge as well as DPM soft edges drop shadows etc Preset Pattern Key A preset pattern key or preset wipe is a key in which the shape of a wipe pattern cuts the hole in the background video The fill video is selected on the Key bus and the Wipe pattern controls and menus are used to select and adjust the key source pattern Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaping and unshaping are generally involved only in keying and compositing situations Whenever a key is performed there are always three signals the key source the key fill fill video and the background video The key signal cuts a hole in the background into which the fill video is inserted Devices such as character generators often output both the key signal and the fill video Shaped Video Fill video that has been multiplied by a key signal to produce a raster image to be inserted into a key hole cut in background video by the same
24. pattern key is as follows Select the Keyer KEY 1 KEY 2 or DSK button to delegate the keyer you want to use 1 Select a Key bus crosspoint to provide the fill video For an over the shoulder box as shown in the figure the fill video would be a compressed picture from a DPM 2 Select Keyer Subpanel PRI PST PTTN and VIDEO FILL buttons 3 Onthe Wipe Subpanel select the pattern buttons in the pattern section If you want to select a pattern from the menu press the Menu button twice and select a pattern from the Wipe Pattern Menu 4 Select the PATTERN MIX button in the Pattern section and adjust the pattern Size Adjust the size of the pattern Edge Width Select BORDER and adjust WIDTH Edge Softness Select SOFT and adjust SOFTNESS Edge Color Select PRI WIPE using the MATTE SEL button and adjust the Matte Subpanel BRIGHTNESS SAT and HUE controls Position Adjust the joystick to move the pattern Press the POS CTR button if you want to re center the pattern Wipe Modifiers Adjust the Aspect Rotation Direction Multiplication controls as desired Wipe Modulation Adjust as desired from the Wipe Modulate Menu 4 29 Section 4 Switcher Operations 5 To adjust the opacity of the key layer adjust KEY OPACITY in the Keyer Menu 6 Transition the key on air as explained previously Figure 4 9 Preset Pattern Key 1 4 30 Preset Pattern Keying Operations Figure 4 10 Prese
25. select a Borderline option must be installed on keyer key edge mode BORDER SHADOW EXTRUDE or OUTLINE To position the edge adjust the SIZE POS Knob Set brightness with the OPACITY Knob To set the edge color use the Matte Subpanel controls To clear a border mode to its default position and color hold the crosspoint button down and press CLEAR WORK BUFR To turn off the border modes creating an unbordered key select NORMAL edge mode Luminance and Linear Keying Operations Figure 4 8 Pattern Mix Border Using Primary amp Secondary Wipe Generators The effect shown in Figure 4 8 was created as follows Primary Wipe Generator creates a rectangular wipe Secondary Wipe Generator creates a verical wipe to add perspective Finally a Pattern Mix is performed between the two wipes 16 You may also want to experiment with other key modifier selections such as KEY OPACITY on the Keyer Menu and the various controls on the Keyer Video Process Menu 17 When you are finally done adjusting the key transition the key on air as explained next in the Key Transition on page 4 28 4 27 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 28 Key Transition Effects keys can be cut mixed or wiped on air in much the same way as backgrounds Both the effects keys and a background can be transitioned on or off together or separately The Downstream Keyer has separate controls and must be transitioned separately 1 2 Set
26. self key using the fill video assigned to the crosspoint to both key from and fill with Select LUM KEY or LIN linear KEY Note that LUM KEY is often used for video self keys and LINEAR KEY is typically used when keying from anti aliased graphics characters or digital effects images that provide an external keying signal in addition to their fill video 1 A key from the video portion of the Title will result if no key is assigned to Title 1 This is done in the Config Inputs Map Inputs Menu 4 24 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations 5 Clipand gain adjustments are done differently for luminance and linear keying In the Luminance Key Mode clip and gain have a wider range of control In Linear Key Mode clip and Gain adjustments produce a modified Linear Key This is indicated by the LUM KEY button being lit as well as the LIN KEY To clear the modification press LIN KEY again the LUM KEY light will go out With these facts in mind Set GAIN fully on CW and watch the preview monitor as you adjust CLIP to create the key The key edge may look ragged reduce GAIN to soften up the edge 6 If you want to split the key select a hole cutting source different from the one assigned to the selected fill crosspoint you can do the following Select the fill video from the key bus hold down the VIDEO KEY or the AUTO SELECT KEY button and select a Key bus source crosspoint to be used as the hole cutter 7 The split s
27. 0 66 1 2 Standard Features 0 nnn 1 3 Optional Features esee ero eee eser ee y er yn 1 4 Physical Description sssssssseeeeee e 15 Signal Processor Frame 0 6 6 eens 1 5 PowerSupplies cn cing inna dee e e ae e a VER E qas 1 6 Control Panel sasoe erento S m ES eet nate dares Ly Video and Key Inputs and Outputs 6 0 6 e eee eee eee 1 9 lo pr 19 OUEpUls e heere e A UR e d due a o eia ae tet 1 11 Functional Description sss sasssa srn rnrn eee 1 13 OVELVIEW cin i a REE Aa te EE E 1 13 Video Processing ai ecrit Deco A eec 1 14 Description of Options eros cerea ei a EA e 1 18 lil Contents Dual Chroma Keyer sssssseseeeeeeee eee 1 18 Borderline Key Edge Generation 60 00sec eee 1 18 Secondary Wipe Generator 0 cece cece eee 1 18 Safe Title Action Area Generator 000 cece eee 1 19 Mix Effects Clean Feed esee 1 19 Brame Store eost e be etree Meg bacca eere e 1 19 Eitects Send voces esee A DNE 1 19 Tally Output 2 bere prece bre ru n Sm ER E 1 20 Tally Expansion cs coe tee UT RETRO Carte mese 1 20 Remote Auxiliary Bus Control Panels sues 1 20 Chroma Key Auto Setup ssssessesseeeeeeeA 1 20 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Ititroductionz cepe pasce e maed d d s dba Ac Re Sae qd 2 1 Powering Up iu eee esee pet donet dle dede tes iR ete dte oni 2 2 Boot p tcc deacdnadecia detect lntnd
28. 4 lei gt c D E F G H B TRIGGER SELECT 4 Increment TRIGGER SELECT to select the trigger to be configured A through H 5 Turn the DEVICE NUMBER soft knob to select the peripheral device to which that trigger will be sent 2 50 Configuring External Interfaces 6 Turn FUNCTION NUMBER to select the function of the device that will be triggered by a trigger message on the Peripheral II bus 7 Use the LEVEL soft knob to select which E MEM level will activate the selected trigger For a DPM 700 these functions depend on whether the DPM is operating in trigger mode or E MEM recall mode as listed in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 DPM 700 Trigger Functions Trigger DPM Trigger Function DPM E MEM Recall 0 Function not defined Not valid 1 STOP DPM RECALL REGISTER 1 2 RUN DPM RECALL REGISTER 2 3 NEXT KEYFRAME DPM RECALL REGISTER 3 4 PREVIOUS KEYFRAME DPM RECALL REGISTER 4 5 STOP NEXT DPM RECALL REGISTER 5 6 REVERSE DPM RECALL REGISTER 6 7 REWIND DPM RECALL REGISTER 7 8 KEYER AUTO TRANS DPM RECALL REGISTER 8 9 KEYER CUT DPM RECALL REGISTER 9 10 FADE TO BLACK AUTO TRANS DPM RECALL REGISTER 10 11 FADE TO BLACK CUT DPM RECALL REGISTER 11 12 COMBINER AUTO TRANS DPM RECALL REGISTER 12 13 COMBINER CUT DPM RECALL REGISTER 13 14 Function not defined DPM RECALL REGISTER 14 15 Function not defined DPM RECALL REGISTER 15 8 Pres
29. 4 82 Viewing Listing Files and Directories You can view the diskette contents by directory file name or file extension 1 Invoke the Disk Menu 2 Press CHILD DIRECTORY to read the diskette 3 Use the VIEW BY DIR to list subdirectories Note that in this view no files will be displayed 4 Use VIEW BY NAME to list filenames in the current directory in alphabetical order 5 Use VIEW BY EXT to list filenames by extension such as Rnn for register or CFG for configuration in the current directory in alphabetical order Deleting Files and Directories You can delete a single file or a group of files You can delete a directory or a directory and its entire contents including all subdirectories and files within that directory Deleting Files 1 Highlight the desired directory in the Disk Menu Make sure you have VIEW BY NAME or VIEW BY EXT selected Press LIST DIRECTORY Highlight the file s by scrolling with the soft knob and press MARK FILE FOR DELETE Note the marked files box indicating the number and size of the files The filename will be displayed in inverted text Press DELETE FILE The Delete Menu displays Verify that the dialog box displays the appropriate directory subdirectory path name Floppy Disk Drive Operations 4 Press DO DELETE to perform the deletion or CANCEL to abort the deletion The floppy disk system re reads the disk and re displays the Disk Menu with the
30. 5 Press the PUSH TO PVW button to enable disable the push to preview mode for the entire switcher Hold down the key delegate button for example KEY 1 or KEY 2 on the Keyer panel of the appropriate keyer for 1 2 second or more to display the M E look ahead preview along with the selected keyer output on the switched preview monitor When the key delegate button is released the preview display remains on for a programmed time out period as set by the PUSH TO PREVIEW TIMEOUT soft knob before reverting to its original state PUSH TO PREVIEW TIMEOUT Sets how long the preview will remain on after you have released the key delegate button The default value for the auto preview timeout is 3 seconds Any adjustments to clip or gain resets the time out thus maintaining the auto preview mode while making clip and gain adjustments 6 Press the EXIT button to return to the User Preferences Menu 2 61 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting Beeper Preferences You may wish to customize the beeper alert system Beeper preferences are selected on the Configuration User Preferences Beeper Preferences Menu shown below BEEPER PREFS MENU config user prefs beeper prefs 2 62 BEEPER ON OFF WARNING END OF KNOB KNOB INACTIVE CENTER KNOB BEEPER ON OFF Use to enable or disable the beeper alert system WARNING Use to enable or disable beeper warnings For example On the Keyer Copy
31. Ahead Preview Option 1 19 Lower Boards Menu 2 6 LUM KEY 4 24 Luminance And Linear Keying 4 24 Key 3 10 Output Clipping 2 27 Main Boards Menu 2 4 Manufacture Restoring Defaults 2 63 Map Inputs 2 19 Menu 2 19 2 46 Mapping Aux Buses 2 44 DPM 700 Aux Buses 2 45 Mask Draw Feature Using the 2 65 Mask Store 1 19 Master Timeline 3 25 4 60 B 1 Matte Effects 4 22 Matte Generator Chroma Limiting Algorithm 2 11 Menu Aux Bus Format 2 53 Beeper Preferences 2 62 Chroma Key Inputs 2 22 Clear Key Memory 2 57 Configuration 2 7 Define Defaults 2 63 DPM Kscope Source 2 48 DPM Map Aux Buses 2 44 DPM Map Inputs 2 45 DPM Setup 2 41 Editor Interface 2 33 External Interface 2 32 2 52 External Key Sync 2 17 GPI Inputs 2 23 GPI Outputs 2 52 Input Digital Resolution 2 16 Inputs 2 15 Install Info 2 3 to 2 6 Keyer Preferences 2 56 Lower Boards 2 6 Main Boards 2 4 Map Inputs 2 19 2 46 Name Xpt Button 2 20 Output Digital Resolution 2 30 Output Timing 2 29 Index 5 Index Outputs 2 26 Peripheral Interface 2 49 Peripheral Triggers 2 50 Preview Preferences 2 58 Set Clock 2 12 2 13 Setup On Key 2 18 Status 2 3 System Parameters 2 10 Upper Boards 2 5 User Preferences 2 54 Mix background 4 9 definition 3 6 Effects Clean Feed 1 19 lever arm 4 9 Modules Assembly Version Number 2 4 N Name Xpt Button Menu 2 20 Non Shaped Video A 2 O Optional Features 1 4 Options Borderline Key Edge Genera
32. Bus Operations Background Mix A mix is a dissolve from one picture to another You can mix between A and B bus sources as follows 1 Select Source 2 on the M E 1 A bus background crosspoint row The A bus appears on the PGM monitor 2 Select Source 1 on the M E 1 B bus background crosspoint row The B bus appears on the Preview monitor 3 Select the BKGD A Transition button 4 Select the MIX Transition button a Move the M E 1 lever arm from one limit to the other As the lever arm moves the Preset bus scene will mix on air the Program scene will mix off and the Program and Preset crosspoint selections will flip flop swap at the end of the mix This keeps the A Bus as the on air output allowing all new background source selections to be made on the B Bus NOTE The B Bus will high tally as soon as you start the transition This is because the B Bus crosspoint now contributes to the switcher PGM output In fact all crosspoints on the panel that contribute to PGM output will high tally b As an alternative to using the lever arm press M E1 AUTO TRAN to do an automatic mix transition To pause an auto transition in progress press AUTO TRAN again while the mix is taking place To resume the transition press it a third time You can also start a transition with the lever arm and finish it with an auto transition or vice versa This may leave both green direction arrows ON on the transition pane
33. Conventions used in this manual The following graphical and typestyle conventions are used throughout this manual Button and Panel Knob References A control panel button is shown as follows CLEAR WORK BUFR Similarly a control panel knob is shown as follows BRIGHTNESS Or when used in the text they are shown in the following type CLEAR WORK BUFR button BRIGHTNESS knob xiv Conventions used in this manual Menu References Many Model 3000 features may be accessed via the menu display and its associated soft buttons and soft knobs The term soft merely means that the function of the button or knob is temporary being assigned via the menu display An illustration similar to the following may be used when you need to access a function via the menu KEYER MENU OPACITY keyer 100 00 O ES HORIZ KEY POSITION 0 00 clocks M 1 M E 2 ON M E 3 OFF DSK KEY 1 AUTO M E KEYER CHROMA KEYER VIDEO KEY 1 SELECT SELECT SHAPING TRAP gt COPY gt CALIBRATE PROCESS gt NAM gt Soft Button and Soft Knob References In the text soft buttons and soft knobs are shown in the same type as the panel buttons and knobs using the button or knob label in the display KEYER SELECT soft button OPACITY soft knob XV Preface xvi 1 System Overview Introduction This section presents a general description of the
34. DELAY soft knob to select 2 fields It is important that this delay be set correctly The CONTROLDELAY softknob has no effect with the DPM 700 Set PORT ASSIGN to NONE d Set CHANNEL ROUTING to OFF Configuring External Interfaces For DVEous Set the DPM TYPE to DVEOUS b Turn the VIDEO DELAY soft knob to select 2 FIELDS It is important to set this delay correctly c Turn the CONTROL DELAY soft knob to select 7 FIELDS d Press the PORT ASSIGN button to assign PORT A1 to the DPM The baud rate for Port A1 is fixed at 307 K baud e Set CHANNEL ROUTING for BOTH or SWR IN depending upon your system configuration as described previously under DPM Configurations f Resetthe Control Processor in the Model 4000 Signal Processor frame This is done by opening the front door of the Processor and pressing the RESET button located near the top of the Control Processor module For Other Non Poolable DPMs For devices which must be set up manually 1 Program all other required parameters 2 Set EFF SEND DELAY to 0 3 Select BLACK on the Aux Bus feeding the external device NOTE A delay has been introduced when changing DPM TYPE This delay allows a new DPM TYPE to be chosen without cycling through intermediate DPM Types Once the desired solution has been made the new DPM TYPE will be set 2 seconds later 4 Turn the Effects Send On and Off and look for a flash of the wrong video BLACK as Effects
35. E PGM Use to display the PGM output of the M E or the PGM PST on the Preview monitor KEY PVW Displayed only when PGM PST is selected Use to preview DSK 1 and DSK 2 keys over the PGM PST transition on the Preview Monitor 2 59 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 Monitors per M E M E 2 PGM Out Fixed M E 2 PVW Out PVW Lookahead Switcher AS eiii ms sonis sm p Sun Es ftn ia i oi eniin ue ei eee a Be ee c einn rmt in idi dp tuin i nh eiii dis on m er Re im ede Si BUWGA PGM Out Low Tally u Switcher AUTO Lookahead Hi Tally Cen eo oneness He net eo eo oe oe Dee eee Seo Se eee Geese ee eee eo ee Switcher PVW Out Fixed PGM In effect no PVW function enabled Aic RO uere Sle er vid ene dri e Ce n o Seer ei d Siler E ER s Gre eine Ge Sy inv ri n Gren y fn ur oS Grape ele Va Ce n mis ci Figure 2 5 Preview Mode Configurations 2 60 Setting User Preferences 4 Usethe DIM PVW button to assign one of the Dim Preview modes to the selected keyer as follows ALL KEYERS Causes the preview of all keyers using a mask on that M E or DSK to dim on the Preview monitor DELEG KEYER Causes only the preview of the keyer that is currently delegated and inserting a mask on that M E or DSK to dim on the Preview monitor OFF Turns off the preview dim function so that the preview never dims on that M E or DSK regardless of masking
36. FUNCTION SELECT config inputs gpi inputs MISC DISABLE GPI GPI1 MISC AUX TALLY 1 AUX BUS GPI 2 AT FF g uS 1 When the desired function is selected GPI 3 CUT WE 1 press PROGRAM GPI button to set the GPI 4 KF EFF RUN selected GPI input to the GPI 5 E MEM RCL MSTR 26 selected function GPI 6 DISABLE GPI GPI 7 FRM STOR VIDEO GRAB GPI 8 E MEM RCL SEQ Choose from these 6 buttons to select various categories of GPI functions Then use the MISC GPa FUNCTION SELECT knob to select a function AUX TALLY 12 GPI KF AUTO FRAME PROGRAM SELECT EFFECT TRANS CUT STORE GPI 2 23 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 24 The types of GPI assignments available are Miscellaneous Aux Tallies Keyframe Effects Auto Transitions Cuts E MEM registers and Frame Stores as indicated by the labels under the bracket in the display One of these functions is always selected the selected function is indicated in parentheses under the FUNCTION SELECT knob label To assign a GPI input first press GPI SELECT to select the desired input Select the type of function to be assigned Misc Auto Trans etc by pressing the appropriate soft button Turn the FUNCTION SELECT knob to select the specific function to be assigned Aux Tally etc For each GPI after the desired function has been selected press PROGRAM GPI to enter the selection The function will the
37. For Other Non Poolable DPMs sess 2 43 Mapping DPM Aux Buses sssssesseseeeeeeeeees 2 44 Mapping DPM Inputs ssssesssseeeee e 2 45 Mapping DPM Returns sssssseseee ees 2 46 Mapping Kaleidoscope Source Buttons 000 008 2 48 Configuring the Peripheral Interface 00 2000 2 49 Assigning Peripheral Triggers 0000s cece cece 2 50 Configuring GPI Outputs 6 2 52 Formatting Aux Buses 06 06 cece ccc cence eens 2 53 Setting User Preferences 66 eimi ei e eee eee 2 54 Setting Shift Lock Operation 00 0 cece eee eee eee 2 54 To Shift Lock a BUS 6 eens 2 55 To Unshift Lock a Bus ssssssseeeeeee 2 35 Setting Keyer Preferences llsiieseseeeesleee 2 56 Setting Preview Preferences llllseeeeessssee 2 58 Setting Beeper Preferences lllsselseseeseee 2 62 Setting User Defined System Defaults 2000 e ee 2 63 Operating Notes o essi sik eee ea ee 9 de e Ras 2 64 Field Dominance Selection 0 000 e een eee ees 2 64 Use of Field Dominance sssesseeeeees 2 64 Using the Mask Draw Feature 0 66 e cece cece 2 65 Mask Draw Setup esc esrvo erso nerpie eens 2 67 Operating the Model 3000 With a DPM 700 4 2 68 To Enable the Model 3000 0 6c cece eee eens 2 68 Operating the Model 3000 With Kaleidoscope 2 70
38. GAIN slightly making the background barely opaque black if looking at SHOW KEY d Re adjust CLIP slightly to make the foreground opaque and the GAIN slightly to make the background opaque in that order CLIP has more effect on GAIN so adjust it first and readjust GAIN if CLIP is changed NOTES A Chroma Key is most natural if the gain is kept low Going further than necessary hardens the key edge but may be unavoidable under certain conditions For this adjustment it is better to look at the SHOW KEY signal than the M E output since the Chroma Keyer background suppression has not yet been set An alternative procedure is to switch to MATTE FILL adjust to white and select black as the background source 5 Adjust CHROMA background suppression to eliminate the color from the background Too much suppression results in the background taking on its complementary color If a vector monitor is available the correct adjustment places the background dot in the center of the display 6 Adjust LUMAbackground suppression Reduce the luminance of the background to zero If there is uneven lighting compromise between too much suppression and some lightening of the keyed in background source Chroma Keying Operations Optimization Adjustments It is now time to optimize the keyer setups 1 If you are using an external analog key source such as RGB from a camera verify that the input timing is correct Temporarily tu
39. Grass Valley Model 3000 Switching System pointing out specific areas of interest to the operator Both the 3000 2 a two effects switcher and the 3000 3 a three effects switcher are covered The Control Panel and Signal Processor descriptions given in this section will provide you with a basic knowledge of the Model 3000 structure Any differences between the two models will be noted Section 1 System Overview General Description 1 2 The Model 3000 is a multi format digital switcher that can manipulate a variety of composite digital and analog video and key signals through the use of 10 bit digital processing Video inputs and outputs can be a combination of analog digital bit serial and digital bit parallel depending upon the configuration of your installation and the optional input and output modules installed The Model 3000 2 provides two mix effects M E systems a program preset mixer with dual downstream keyers and up to 32 video inputs and 32 key inputs selectable at one time from the control panel The Model 3000 3 has all the features of the 3000 2 plus a third M E and up to 48 video inputs and 48 key inputs selectable at one time Standard Features Standard Features m Auto Timed Inputs m Multi format Input capability Composite Analog Serial Digital and Parallel Digital m Multi format Output capability m Fineline Keying m Complex Matte Generators m Full Complement of Wipe Patterns m
40. INPUT 54 z 0 clocks MANUAL TIME FOR INPUT 55 0 clocks 1TO8 Lie wiled AUTOMATIC Ere Tuiloa PU u fe Wale MANUAL TIME 9 TO 16 Card 14 MANUAL MANUAL MANUAL MANUAL di ure GROUP CARD INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT SELECT SELECT 53 54 55 56 2 Usethe GROUP SELECT and CARD SELECT buttons to select the appropriate inputs 3 Setthe key sync to either AUTOMATIC or MANUAL for each of the four selected digital inputs 4 Note that a soft knob may be used to adjust the input timing if the input module fails to detect sync The range of the soft knob is 256 clocks to 256 clocks The default setting is zero 0 clocks 5 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all external key inputs have been configured 6 Press EXIT to return to the Inputs Menu 1 A clock period is approximately 69 8 ns Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Configuring Key Setup 1 From the Inputs Menu press SETUP ON KEY to select the Setup On Key Menu SETUP ON KEY MENU config inputs setup on key 1TO8 AOE NO SETUP Mes M M e ES 0 9 TO 16 Card 14 KEY SETUP LXai3i d KEY SETUP KEY SETUP GROUP CARD INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT SELECT SELECT 53 54 55 56 2 Usethe GROUP SELECT and CARD SELECT buttons to select the appropriate inputs 3 Setthesetup to either NO SETUP or KEY SETUP for each of the four selected inputs 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all key inputs have been configured 5 Press the EXIT button to return to the Inputs Menu
41. Install Info Menu available under the main Status Menu provides information about the presence version and types of boards installed 1 Press the main menu STAT button to display the main Status Menu STATUS MENU status SYSTEM INSTALL LOG gt INFO gt DIAGS gt 2 3 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 Press the INSTALL INFO gt soft button to bring up the Main Boards Menu INSTALLATION INFO MENU status install info MODEL 3000 3 SOFTWARE VERSION 5 0 SLOT BOARD VERSION SLOT BOARD VERSION SLOT BOARD VERSION M1 CK 068907 01A 6 M3 KEYER 068904 01D 13 M2 MIX WIPE 068903 08l DECODER 068943 228 K1 BDL 068915 00A PVW DIM 068942 00A M2 CK 068907 01A K2 BDL 068915 00A 14 M1 MIX WIPE 068903 08l DECODER 068943 228 SYNC 068901 00K PVW DIM 068942 00A M3 CK 068907 01A SAFE TITLE 068917 00B 15 SEC WIPE 068912 00C DECODER 068943 228 XPT HI 068900 00A 16 PGM PST DSK 068905 00F M1 KEYER 068904 01D XPT LO 068900 00A K1 BDL 068915 00A K1 BDL 068915 00A FRAME STORE 068911 00D K2 BDL 068915 00A K2 BDL 068915 00A DECODER 17 CTRL PROC M2 KEYER 068904 01D EFX SEND K1 BDL 068915 00A M3 MIX WIPE 068903 08l K2 BDL 068915 00A PVW DIM 068942 00A MAIN UPPER LOWER BOARDS BOARDS BOARDS This menu shows the functions of all the slots in the center card cage Bay B Each slot that has a module installed indicates the presence of the module by listing its assembly version number
42. Key Channel Throughout m 10 Bit Processing Throughout m Shaped Video Inputs and Outputs m 100 E MEM registers m User Preference Programming m Disk Storage of E MEM and System Parameters m Extensive Masking m Mask Draw capability Section 1 System Overview Optional Features 1 4 Additional video and key inputs up to 64 total Additional video and key outputs A Second Wipe Pattern Generator one module that provides a second wipe pattern for each M E Borderline on each Keyer Dual Chroma Keyers for each M E Preview Outputs Aux Buses Safe Title Action Area Generators Four Channel Effects Send Redundant Power Supplies frame and panel Video channel Key channel and Mask channel Frame Store Chroma Key Auto Setup Refer to the end of this section for descriptions of the optional features Physical Description Physical Description The switcher consists of three main areas the Control Panel the Signal Processor Frame and the Frame Power Supply see Figure 1 1 The electronic circuitry in the Model 3000 is primarily contained on circuit boards and modules in the Signal Processor Frame and Control Panel Signal Processor Frame The Signal Processor Frame is a large rack mounted unit that houses the system controller effects logic video and key processors and input output interfaces In addition to the basic system a typical system may have several options such as Chroma Keyers Secondary W
43. L EFEEEEEEEFELEEEELEI FECES EE e El a 8 lU EEIBEDO ojo amp JI EEE Subpane 1 EBBBEBDBBBBBEBEBEBBEBBBEBE ope BEB EnBuBg olo golo g Source EJECIEIEJEJEJEJEJE JEDE ETEJE E EJEJEJEJE D DE EE o ED ERR agona x Selection EEEEEELELELEELELEEECEEEHO CE en EE elle S8 see ELSE Effects le LLLELLLLLLELLELLLELLEL L Memory y NOR MEER Subpanel 2 Transition 4 Keyer Subpanels 4 M E Subpanels Effects Memory 5 Matte Subpanels Subpanels Figure 1 3 Functional Areas of Model 3000 3 Control Panel 1 8 Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Inputs Three types of input options may be installed in the Signal Processor Frame to suit the needs of your installation Each input module supports four inputs and provides auto timing of each input The following types of input modules are available NOTE Each of these inputs can be treated by the switcher as either a video input or a key input m Analog 10 bit Composite Quad Input Module Provides noise filtering anti aliasing and auto timing of the input signals then performs an analog to digital conversion of each signal and multiplexes the data onto a video or key bus m Digital Bit Parallel Quad Input Module Converts the inputs from ECL to TTL auto times the signals and multiplexes them onto the video or key bus m Digital Bit Serial Quad Input Module Decodes the inputs from serial to parallel auto times the signals and
44. M E CONFG MODE CHR KEYER KEY STAT WIPE KEY EMEM FRAME MASK MATTE LAST MISC MENU t 2 D 2 T MERA 1 82 8 BF DISK Top Level Menu Buttons Pattern Mixing Use the Pattern Mix Mode to mix a selected wipe with either the M Es Secondary Wipe Generator if available or the selected wipes This example assumes you have the Secondary Wipe Generator if you do not select TEXTURE instead of NORMAL in Step 3 1 Pressthe WIPE Top Level Menu button on the Wipe Subpanel Press the PATTERN soft button to access the Wipe Pattern Menu 2 Select the M E 1 PRI wipe generator on the Wipe Pattern Menu Optional GVG Default Use the PTN MIX SOURCE button to select NORMAL Selects a mix between the primary and secondary wipe generators 3 Select circle pattern number 3 Select M E 1 SEC and choose box pattern number 23 4 Press the M E 1 Transition Wipe button 5 Move the Run lever between stops and verify the circle wipe transitions 6 Position the lever arm in the middle of its travel 7 Turn on PATTERN MIX Wipe Subpanel and adjust the pattern mix controls between limits 4 15 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 16 Learning User Wipes If you develop a wipe setup that you like and you want to save it temporarily you can do so using the User 1 6 buttons on the Wipe Subpanel 1 Press LEARN USER WIPE followed by one of the six User buttons such as
45. M E set up the switcher state that you want the switcher to assume when it is turned on 9 Press SET DEFAULT to enter the new default values 10 Pressing the GVG DEFAULT button will restore the factory set default values to the switcher These are stored in non volatile memory ROM 2 63 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Operating Notes 2 64 Field Dominance Selection In the Model 3000 Switcher all set changes such as crosspoint selections and E MEM recalls take effect during the vertical interval of the video signal just prior to either Field 1 or Field 2 The Field Dominance feature in the Configuration System Parameters Menu allows you to specify when these changes will take effect 1 Press the CONFG button on the main menu subpanel then press the SYSTEM PARAMSs soft button in the Configuration Menu This will bring up the System Parameters Menu With Field Dominance off FIELD DOM set to NONE selection changes become effective at the beginning of the next field immediately after the functions have been changed Use of Field Dominance If the output of the Model 3000 is going to be recorded onto tape that will later be edited along with other tape it is important that changes take place consistently on the same field They can occur on either Field 1 or Field 2 of the frame but need to be on the same field every time If this is not done there will be a flash at the edit in the resul
46. Master Timeline All editing operations are performed on the delegated E MEM levels Keyframes of delegated levels can be cut copied and pasted with GET and PUT commands using an area of memory called the Clipboard The data for each level is stored independently in the Clipboard buffer Refer to Appendix B Keyframe Facts for more information on keyframes and effects editing 3 25 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Manipulating Video Images E 3 26 Grass Valley Products DPM and digital production switchers have the ability to rotate images that have a Front and Back side Near and Far selections are used to rotate the Front and Back images so as to be either visible Near or invisible Far on a monitor Video can have a Front and a Back side The same source information can be applied to both sides of the video image or the two sides may be adjusted separately Operations are applied to the delegated side of delegated channels Front and Back are used in conjunction with Near and Far because source memories and source selection are associated with the front and back sides This allows you to fly for example a Krystal channel in space any way you choose and change source selection on the fly without getting confused The sources stay with the side of the picture they are assigned to After the picture has been transformed a lot and source selection switched changed or synchronized several times it is ver
47. Menu use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlight the E MEM subdirectory Note this is where you want to place all your E MEM effects files 2 Invoke the Save File Menu Disk Save File NOTE To conserve disk space you may wish to store only the functions that you need In this example the effect you want to store uses Mix Effects bus 1 and the PGM PST DSK bus Therefore you need to save only M E 1 and PGM PST DSK in the Save File Menu Floppy Disk Drive Operations a Select register 23 with the REGISTER soft knob Use the SAVE SELECT soft knob to select E MEM REGISTER Select SAVE for M E 1 and PGM PST DSK b Press the NAME FILE button to complete this menu and invoke the Name File Menu In the Name File Menu select the characters Effect1 in the File Name box then press the ACCEPT NAME button A maximum of eight characters may be used Confirm the name with a Yes when the Confirm File Save Menu displays The system automatically appends an extension to the filename for example R23 for register 23 Store and Name A Configuration File In this section you will store and name a configuration setup file in the Config subdirectory 1 From the Disk Menu use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlight the Config subdirectory Note For this example scenario this is where you want to place all your configuration setup files Invoke the Save File Menu Disk Save File a Usethe SA
48. NAM A transition between two video signals in which only the signal with the largest instantaneous amplitude at any point in the picture is visible NTSC The U S standard for encoded color TV transmission developed by the National Television System Committee This standard uses a 3 579545 MHz subcarrier whose phase varies with the instantaneous hue of the televised color and whose amplitude varies with the instantaneous saturation of the color A single frame picture in this standard consists of 525 scanning lines One frame is shown every 1 29 94 of a second Also see PAL O Octal A numerical notation system using a base of 8 Also see Binary and Hex On Air The state of a signal which is present at the switcher Program output Operating Program The complex sequence of instructions that determines the ability of a computer to both sequentially and concurrently run specific programs Also see Program and Routine Outline A title enhancement in which only the outline of the key is visible with G 9 Glossary the same background video outside and inside the outline P PAL Phase Alternating Line A transmission standard for encoded color television used in Europe and some other parts of the world This standard uses a 4 43361875 MHz subcarrier which is alternated 90 degrees in phase from one occurrence of a line to the next to minimize hue errors in color transmission A single frame 2 fiel
49. Operation with Shaped Input A 9 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Figure A 9 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the input fill video is shaped but UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu Note dark halo effect Figure A 9 Incorrect Video With Shaped Input and UNSHAPED Selected A 10 Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video Incorrect Operation With Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 10 shows what happens when the DPM is set for an unshaped video output but SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu The SHAPED selection turns off the input Shaping circuit so the Unshaped input signal is added directly to the Background signal with key hole This causes excessive luminance where the fill video and key hole edges overlap producing a white halo around the key 0 0000 Background Keyhole in Background White Halo Around Key m A FEES Key Background plus Foreground Foreground Key Fill SHAPED selected in C Map Inputs Menu _ turns OFF Shaping Circuit Unshaped Unshaped Video Figure A 10 Incorrect Operation with Unshaped Input A 11 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Figure A 11 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the input fill video is unshaped but SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu Note white halo effect Figure A 11 Incorrect Video With Unshaped Input and SHAPED Selected Output Shaped a
50. Preview and Mask Program Preset and DSK Video and Key Aux Bus 5A 7B Video and Key To From All Circuits CONTROLLER control buses not shown for simplicity Functional Description Aux Bus 1A 4B Video and Key SECONDARY WIPE OPTION M E 1 FRAME STORE FOR VIDEO KEY AND MASK Mask Mask Store Store Input Output amp M E 2 MIXERS Frame Store Video and Key STORAGE QUAD OUTPUT MODULES M E Pvw Video PREVIEW Video Mask and Switched Preview M E 1 and M E 2 Program Video and Key ANALOG PARALLEL DIGITAL AND SERIAL DIGITAL Program PawPsr Video MIXER AND DUAL DSK Video M E and DSK Preview DIAGNOSTIC 77 PROBE NOTE Primary Video Paths are Indicated by Wide Arrows HS0 8v 0 Outputs Frame Store Video and Key M E 1 and M E 2 Program Video and Key Program Video and Key Clean Feed Video DSK Preview Video Mask Switched Preview M E1 and M E 2 Preview DSK Preview Aux Bus Video and Key Figure 1 6 Video Flow Diagram of Typical Model 3000 Switching System Section 1 System Overview Description of Options The following options are currently available for the Model 3000 Switcher For more details on these options refer to the appropriate subpanel descriptions later in
51. SELECT H 9 to 16 neor L MANUAL CARD SELECT L cad INPUT INPUT NO SETUP MANUAL TIME FOR INPUT INPUT KEY SETUP INPUT 7 UNSHAPED VIDEO mE TES EE O TOP TEST SIGNAL Te as L CURSOR FORWARD BOTTOM TEST SIGNAL DELETE CHAR DO SAVE SAVE STRING L CANCEL VIDEO INPUT GETSTHING or KEY INPUT L ACCEPT NAME f OVER WRITE See CONFIG Part 2 Software Version 5 3 3 M E Switcher C CHROMA KEY INPUT RENAME L CANCEL INPUT 1 T INPUT 2 M 2 INPUT 3 COARSE L mmm Ron n E Pemper NEUTE pes ERE INPUT FORMAT BETA EE INPUT FORMAT eae 3 PEM PST B ACIC GPI 1 GPI 8 ME1 AUX TALLY RUN wE2 GPISELECT LOG CHAN TALLY 7 REWIND MES MISC DISABLE GPI AUTO RUN L pam PST KFEFFECT REVERSE bsk1 AUTO TRANS E Dske CUT E MEM M E 1 RECALL FRAME STORE VIDEO GRAB M E 2 RECALL PROGRAM GPI E KEY GRAB M E 3 RECALL MASK GRAB Figure 2 1 Configuration Menu Tree Part 1 MSTR RECALL AUTO RECALL EFX DISSOLV SEQUENCE 075441 Software Setup See CONFIG Part 1 USER PREFS SYSTEM PARAMS INPUTS EXTERN I F p PGM M E 1 PGM I M E 2 PGM M E 3 PGM AUX BUS 1 AUX BUS 2 AUX BUS 3 AUX BUS 4 AUX BUS 5 AUX BUS 6 AUX BUS 7 L FRAME STORE OUTPUT SELECT SUPER BLACK SETUP ON KEY VIDEO KEY FMT
52. Send is turned on The flash appears on the M E output for the Effects Send you selected 5 Increase the EFF SEND DELAY one field at a time until there is no video flash when turning on Effects Send 2 43 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration NOTE Increasing the EFF SEND DELAY any further will not change the Effects Send appearance It will however delay the entry into Effects Send unnecessarily Mapping DPM Aux Buses Set up the aux bus to device assignment as follows 1 From the DPM Setup Menu press DPM MAP AUX BUSES to access the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu DPM MAP AUX BUSES MENU NUMBER OF CHANNELS config extern if dpm setup dpm map aux buses 4 Connection of physical AUX buses to physical channels FIRST CHANNEL CHAN MISC AUX 5 AUX 6 AUX 7 x PHYS CHAN CHAN A CHANB CHANC CHAND CHAN E CHAN G CHANH DPM 1 DPM2 DPM3 DPM 4 AUX 1 AUX3 AUX 4 DPM 1 DEVICE SELECT 2 Press the DEVICE SELECT button to select the desired DEVICE 1 through 4 3 For Kaleidoscope rotate the NUMBER OF CHANNELS knob to assign Aux Buses 1 through n to this DPM number Turn the FIRST CHANNEL knob to assign the first aux bus to the first physical channel of the DPM 2 44 Configuring External Interfaces NOTE All aux buses assigned to a DPM must be in consecutive order 4 Fora DPM 700 set the NUMBER OF CHANNELS and CHANNE
53. TIMING soft button to bring up the Output Timing menu OUTPUT TIMING MENU OUTPUT TIMING OFFSET config outputs output timing 0 clocks 00 00 nsecs WARNING Adjustment of the Output Timing Offset knob will change reference and electrical path length of the switcher RESTORE DEFAULT The OUTPUT TIMING OFFSET knob allows you to increase the overall switcher length by from 1 to 255 clocks Default timing is 0 clocks 3 Adjustthe OUTPUT TIMING OFFSET knob as required to make the video look best under your operating conditions For viewing the switcher PGM Out signal on the Aux 1 through Aux 4 outputs the adjustment should typically be set for 11 clocks 768 25 ns For viewing video through the longest path through the switcher PGM Out on Mask Bus and Mask Bus out on PVW bus the adjustment should typically be set for 49 clocks 8422 15 ns 1 A clock is equal to approximately 69 84 ns 2 29 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting Output Digital Resolution 1 From the Outputs Menu press the DIGITAL RES button to bring up the Output Digital Resolution Menu OUTPUT DIGITAL RESOLUTION MENU config outputs digital res SERIAL 10 BITS 8 BITS 10 BITS 10 BITS ANALOG E d PARALLEL 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS SERIAL 10 BITS 10 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS NO BOARD PARALLEL 10 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS ANALOG 5 i 4 TO 10 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 8BITS A 16 10 B
54. USER 1 The current wipe setup including Border Edge and Aspect settings will be stored in the User button you selected 2 Torecallastored user wipe simply press the appropriate User button The wipe system will immediately recall the wipe setup previously stored in that User register Recalls one pattern at a time NOTE If you press a User Wipe button that hasn t been learned that button won t light In that case the current wipe settings remain in effect 3 Ifyoulearna wipe into a User Wipe button or do a User Wipe recall by mistake you can undo the learn or recall by pressing USER WIPE UNDO immediately following the learn or recall NOTE User Wipes are a temporary scratch pad and are not stored in E MEM Wipe Operations Figure 4 6 Pattern Mix Transition Example 2 The effect shown in Figure 4 6 was created as follows Primary Wipe Generator creates the circle wipe Secondary Wipe Generator is used to create a random matrix wipe 4 17 Section 4 Switcher Operations Figure 4 7 Pattern Mix Complex The effect shown in Figure 4 7 was created as follows Primary Wipe Geneator creates a rectangle wipe Secondary Wipe Generator creates a vertical wipe The Primary mixes with the Secondary The Secondary mixes to texture 4 18 Wipe Operations Fade to Black You can cut wipe or fade the switcher output to black at any time by simply pressing the PST BLACK button o
55. With DELEGATES on the timelines of all enabled levels remain displayed in the Timeline menu and the Enable buttons of the undelegated levels go to low tally Pressing individual Enable buttons on the E MEM panel then delegates individual register levels so that changes can be made to those levels The buttons of the delegated levels go to high tally and the names of those levels are highlighted in the Timeline menu During effect editing you would normally enable all levels that contribute to the overall effect When you want to make changes to individual levels you would delegate only those levels and perform the operation Insert Before Insert After Mod Cut Paste etc Only the delegated levels will be modified Those levels which are enabled but not delegated will not be modified It is recommended that you do selective insertions of keyframes by using the DELEGATES function That is that you only insert a keyframe on a level if it has value Extra keyframes get in the way when it comes time to modify portions of the effect especially if keyframes are moved in time In addition using unnecessary keyframes quickly deplete the keyframe pool see the main E MEM menu for the number of available keyframes Keyframe Path Control Keyframe Path Control Tension Continuity and Bias Controls The path that an effect takes between keyframes may be adjusted through the CURVE path type selection from the Keyframe Path Menu I
56. You can change the appearance of a effect or parts of an effect by changing the path type Path type selection is the way you can control parameter changes between keyframes The path type set in the Keyframe Path Menu determines the type of interpolation that occurs between keyframes of an effect Each functional group of each keyframe can have its own path type The available path types are Hold Linear S Linear and Curve When LINEAR is selected with the PATH TYPE soft button in the Keyframe Menu linear interpolation is applied to each parameter that changes between one keyframe and the next This provides constant motion with no acceleration or deceleration The S LINEAR path type involves accelerating and decelerating the parameters The change to each parameter begins from a complete stop at the starting keyframe slowly leaves that keyframe moves faster through the midrange of the keyframe duration then decelerates as it approaches the destination keyframe and comes to a complete stop at the keyframe The S describes the shape of the curve when graphed against time HOLD stops a crosspoint from changing when an effect is recalled or a keyframe with new source information is encountered All parameters hold at their starting values throughout the keyframe duration HOLD stops the interpolation process between keyframes causing a pop between changed positions Keyframe Operations The CURVE pathtype function may be u
57. as desired using the Keyer controls and the Chroma Key Menu controls Chroma Key The chroma keyer includes background and foreground suppression Background suppression replaces the old background color with black before adding in the new background This ensures that the old background color is completely removed from the scene resulting in a cleaner key Foreground suppression is essentially a second chroma keyer that allows you to detect and remove the background color and its variations that splash onto foreground objects as sometimes happens when the foreground object is placed near the background The detected foreground splash color is replaced with a neutral color and luminance value that restores the natural color of the foreground object Both background and foreground suppression include menu controls for selecting the hue to be replaced and for adjusting the luminance and chrominance levels in the areas of the picture where suppression is applied NOTE Refer to The descriptions and illustrations in Chroma Keying Operations in Section 4 of this manual 3 17 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Coring Coring is a video noise reducing operation in which pixels below a predetermined luminance threshold are replaced by clean black pixels During keying the black eliminates any noise surrounding the fill video that might otherwise add to the background causing noisy key edges A menu selection enables or
58. disables the coring function and allows adjustment of the coring level to ensure that video is fully removed in the key area Layering Layering Lamina Video Compositing is a feature that enables up to four video layers to be composited in a single mix effects system The composite image can then be used as a key source or a background in another mix effects system or the downstream keyer This allows multiple layer effects to be created in one recording pass Layering is enabled on an M E by M E basis in the M E Mode Menu When enabled the A and B buses function as keyers rather than background buses thus four keyers are available Key 1 Key 2 Background B and Background A Operations in layered mode can affect any selected layer or combination of layers Layering Figure 3 4 Layering Priority of the layers is as follows Background B and Background A have fixed priorities Background B has the least priority bottom layer and Background A has the next to least priority next to bottom layer The priorities of Key 1 and Key 2 the top two layers can be selected toggled with the KEY PRIORITY button The key OVER indicators show which of these two layers is on top In layered mode the background keyers B and A do not have the following functions Borderline capability mask capability and chroma keying Section 3 Switcher Concepts E MEM Effects Memory The E MEM Effects Memory system provide
59. key signal An example of shaped video is the fill video output of a character generator which consists of characters on a black matte Unshaped Video Previously shaped fill or composited video that has been unshaped by an unshaping processor which divides the video by the key signal The Model 2200 3000 and 4000 switchers as well as some Digital Picture Manipulators DPMs have selectable unshaping circuits on their outputs Non Shaped Video Any full raster full screen video that has not previously been processed by a key signal This is also sometimes loosely defined as Unshaped Video Video sources from devices such as cameras are usually full raster video and thus are non shaped These sources are not usually accompanied by key signals Section 3 Switcher Concepts 3 14 Input Shaped and Unshaped Video Video coming into a switcher may or may not already be shaped depending upon its source The Configuration Menu has a selection for you to define whether the source video for each video input is shaped or unshaped This is what tells the switcher how to process the signal If you incorrectly identify the type of video in the Configuration menu that is if you select shaped when you should select unshaped or vice versa your keys will have dark or light halos at the edges Output Shaped and Unshaped Video In addition to the input shaped unshaped selections there are output selections that allow yo
60. knob to highlight file Effects1 5 Press the LOAD FILE button The Load File Menu displays 6 Select LOAD for M E 1 and PGM PST DSK CAUTION Be careful with your selection It is possible to overwrite all E MEM registers or one bank of registers with one register 7 Select E MEM REGISTER with the E MEM LOAD SELECT soft knob 8 Press the DO LOAD button The menu displayed now is the Confirm File Load Menu Press DO LOAD to confirm the register recall Floppy Disk Drive Operations Loading Recalling Configuration Files from Disk This procedure describes loading switcher configuration files You can load all or part of a stored switcher configuration 1 2 Insert your diskette into the switcher disk drive Access the Disk Menu Press the CHILD DIRECTORY button to cause the switcher to read the diskette and list the parent directory Press CHILD DIRECTORY again to display the Config subdirectory and list its files Use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlight file Config1 Press the LOAD FILE button The Load File Menu displays You can select any combination of the six switcher parameters listed at the bottom of the menu to LOAD or NO LOAD To include all switcher configuration data select LOAD for all six parameters listed Press the DO LOAD button You will now see the Confirm File Load Menu Press DO LOAD to confirm the configuration recall Section 4 Switcher Operations
61. look at how the Learn operation works with Auto Run Auto Recall and Effects Dissolve in the Normal mode Auto Recall m Auto Recall ON Switcher learns the current Switcher enables into the Master E MEM register m Auto Recall OFF Switcher does not learn Switcher enables into the Master E MEM register Auto Run m Auto Run ON Operation does two things m Enables the Auto Run function m Turns on Independent Timeline runs m Auto Run OFF Operation does two things m Disables the Auto Run function m Turns on Master Timeline runs NOTE In a later Switcher software release Independent and Master Timeline runs will be controlled by a menu selection Effects Dissolve m Effects Dissolve ON Switcher learns that Effects Dissolve is on into the Master E MEM register m Effects Dissolve OFF Dissolve is not learned into Master E MEM register 4 45 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 46 Recall A Register We will look at how the Recall operation works with Auto Run Auto Recall and Effects Dissolve in the Normal mode Auto Recall Auto Recall ON Switcher recalls learned enables before recalling the effect m Auto Recall OFF Switcher does not recall the learned enables The Switcher recalls only what is currently enabled on the Control Panel Auto Run m Auto Run ON After the effect is recalled it runs if the effect has multiple keyframes stored m Auto Run OFF After the effec
62. memory settings for various areas of the switcher 2 56 Setting User Preferences 2 From the Keyer Preferences Menu press CLEAR KEY MEM to bring up the Clear Key Memory Menu CLEAR KEY MEMORY MENU config user prefs keyer prefs clear key mem CURRENT XPT 7 Press a button below to clear key memory for TE CLEAR XPT the current xpt on the selected bus CLEAR BUS all xpts on the selected bus M E2 CLEAR SECTION all xpts on all buses in the selected section we MS CLEAR SWITCHER all xpts in the switcher DSK B AUX KEY 1 MASK KEY 2 SECTION BUS CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR SELECT SELECT XPT BUS SECTION SWITCHER This menu allows you to clear the key memory settings for selected areas of the switcher 3 With the SECTION SELECT and BUS SELECT buttons select the area of the switcher whose key memory you wish to clear To select a specific crosspoint on a bus After selecting the section and bus press the specific crosspoint on the selected bus The number of that crosspoint will appear in the CURRENT XPT box in the menu 4 Use the CLEAR XPT CLEAR BUS CLEAR SECTION or CLEAR SWITCHER button to clear the desired memory area 5 Press EXIT to return to the User Preferences Menu 2 57 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting Preview Preferences 1 From the User Preferences Menu press the PREVIEW PREFS gt button to display the Previ
63. multiplexes the data onto the video or key bus In addition RGB input modules are available with the Dual Chroma Keyer option Each module supports two sets of RGB inputs see Figure 1 4 Refer to the Startup and Configuration section of this manual for information on assigning input formats and adjusting timing Section 1 System Overview DUAL RGB INPUT MODULE DUAL RGB INPUT MODULE Up to 3 Dual RGB Input Modules DUAL RGB INPUT MODULE Module Cells A1 through A3 QUAD ANALOG INPUT MODULE QUAD T PARALLEL DIGITAL a INPUT MODULE 23 o og lt Se gt 0 QUAD a 23 SERIAL DIGITAL e8 INPUT MODULE e Se 2 230 2 O x E ot Oo x a oc 3 ot o m o 2 Figure 1 4 Video and Key Inputs Signal 0702 03 Processor Frame Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Outputs Regardless of the format of the input signals the Signal Processor can provide outputs in any composite format Signal outputs are provided by output modules installed in the Signal Processor Frame see Figure 1 5 Each output module provides four video key signal outputs of a given type with up to three buffered outputs per signal channel Since each output module cell is dedicated to specific functions the format of each output signal is determined by the type of output module installed in that cell The following choices of output modules are available m Composite Analog 4 signal channels 3
64. o i Logical Aux 6 E Logical Aux 7 Channel Channel 1 5 Logical Logical Logical crame Channel e 3 Y SY Kaleidoscope Logical Channels a d Logical Figure 2 3 Example of Connections for a Pooled DPM 2 37 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 38 For a particular studio session three Kaleidoscope channels could be acquired from the pool in the order D E A which would be logical channels 1 2 3 This mapping information is passed from the DPM to the switcher via the control connection Switcher output routing ensures that the logical channels 1 2 3 appear to the user on logical aux buses 1 2 3 and switcher input routing ensures that DPM logical channels 1 2 3 appear on the crosspoints configured for these logical channels For the above configuration the selection of CHANNEL ROUTING in the DPM Setup Menu should be set to BOTH There are circumstances where output routing is not desirable For example the DPM may have more than 5 channels In that case a router or patch panel may be inserted between the switcher and Kaleidoscope Figure 2 4 In this example switcher output routing is turned off so the menu selection for CHANNEL ROUTING in the DPM Setup Menu should be set to SWR IN This still provides the return video from the switcher being on a consistent crosspoint Configuring External Interfaces 0347 02 30 16 Inputs Model 3000 ABCDEFGH Router Kaleidoscope Patch Pane
65. of the drop shadow HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL controls position the drop shadow anywhere on the screen You can use DRP SHADOW BLUR Frame Store Menu to blur the drop shadow 4 75 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 76 Repositioning Use Repositioning Frame Store Video Store Reposition Menu to move a live or frozen image off the screen in any direction Mosaics Use Mosaic to control the size and aspect of mosaic tiles in a live or frozen video Pseudo Color Use Pseudo Color to generate special video effects such as color negative shaped unshaped video and posterize solarize for contour effects These are bit mapping effects Filter Use Filter effects to blur video with controls for luminance chrominance and symmetry You can also rotate the hue of the video Crop Use Crop to enable frame store crop controls to crop an image from any edge Frame Store cropping is similar to the functions of the Box Mask for the keyers Floppy Disk Drive Operations Floppy Disk Drive Operations The switcher floppy disk subsystem is used to store and recall effects files stored in E MEM registers and to store and recall system configuration setups You can also Format diskettes Create directories and files View the diskette by directory file name or file extension Delete files and directories Format Diskettes 1 Press the main menu DISK button to bring up the main Disk menu NOTE It will take a few
66. outputs of each signal m Parallel Digital 4 signals 1 output of each signal m Serial Digital 4 signals 3 outputs of each signal Standard Analog outputs include DSK Program Video DSK Program Key Mask Bus Switched Preview Video Optional outputs Analog and or Digital include m M E1 Program Video M E 1 Program Key m M E1 Preview Video m M E2 Program Video M E 2 Program Key m M E2 Preview Video m M E3 Program Video M E 3 Program Key 3000 3 only m M E3 Preview Video 3000 3 only m DSK Preview m DSK Preview Video m Aux Buses 1A 4B Aux Buses 5A 7B m Clean Feed Video B Frame Store Video and Key Section 1 System Overview QUAD 4 Signal Channels per Module A NODULE Sn 3 Outputs of each Signal QUAD 4 Signal Channels PARALLEL DIGITAL per Module OUTPUT MODULE 1 Output of each Signal QUAD 4 Signal Channels SERIAL DIGITAL per Module OUTPUT MODULE 3 Outputs of each Signal Signal Processor Frame Module Cells A4 through A17 Up to 14 Quad Output Modules Any mix of module types Figure 1 5 Video and Key Outputs v0 8v 0 Functional Description Functional Description Overview Figure 1 6 shows the video flow in a typical Model 3000 switching system Video and key signals enter the Input Section of the Model 3000 which consists of analog parallel digital and or serial digital modules The analog signals are converted to digital format and all input
67. press AUX BUS FORMAT to display the Aux Bus Format Menu AUX BUS FORMAT MENU config aux bus format VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO KEY KEY KEY KEY KEY KEY KEY AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX BUS 1B BUS 2B BUS 3B BUS 4B BUS 5B BUS 6B BUS 7B 2 For each B bus to be configured select either VIDEO or KEY with the appropriate soft button NOTE For Effects Send operation it is not necessary to configure the B buses in this menu When Effects Send is selected this menu is ignored and the corresponding B bus is automatically configured as a key If the Key Store is configured for video Aux Bus 4 should also be configured for VIDEO Any aux buses assigned to Kaleidoscope but not used for Effects Send should have their B buses configured for KEY operation 2 53 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting User Preferences The User Preferences Menus are used to gain access to certain parameters that the operator may need to change 1 From the Configuration Menu press the USER PREFS gt button to bring up the User Preferences Menu USER PREFS MENU config user prefs LATCH NORMAL SHIFT KEYER PREVIEW BEEPER DEFINE MODE PREFS gt PREFS gt PREFS gt DEFAULTS gt Setting Shift Lock Operation Switcher crosspoint buses may be locked into a shifted state This allows ready access to input sources that have been mapped to shifted crosspoints Shift lock is enabled by choosing t
68. relate to Enables and Delegates m E MEM Register operations that include Learn Recall Put Get and Run m E MEM Keyframe editing operations that include Cut Copy Paste and Modify Each E MEM register is partitioned into sections or levels corresponding to the Enable buttons on the E MEM panel and representing functional areas of the control panel and associated menu selections Each E MEM level can be independently enabled and or delegated depending upon a menu selection ENABLES DELEGATES in the Timeline Menu On a Model 3000 all E MEM register operations Learn Recall Put Get and Run apply to any enabled level regardless of whether the level is delegated When an E MEM or keyframe effect is recalled and or run each enabled level contributes to the overall appearance of the effect A level in an E MEM register may be in one of three states m Enabled and delegated appears in Timeline Menu title is highlighted m Enabled but not delegated appears in Timeline Menu title is not highlighted m Not enabled and not delegated does not appear in Timeline Menu 3 21 Section 3 Switcher Concepts 3 22 When ENABLES is selected in the Timeline Menu all enabled levels are also delegated thus all enabled levels are affected by changes made on the control panel When a level is not enabled its timeline does not appear in the Timeline Menu m In ENABLES mode pressing the Enable button toggles the
69. switcher concepts and switcher operating procedures Refer to the Model 3000 Operation Reference manual for detailed descriptions of the switches and knobs on the control panel functions accessed through the menu display and illustrations of the menu tree structure xi Preface Organization of This Manual The main areas of this manual are arranged as follows System Overview Describes the basic architecture of the Model 3000 switcher Startup amp Configuration Describes turning on the system and setting up its operating parameters Concepts Describes several switcher concepts you ll need to know when operating the Model 3000 Operations Provides task oriented operating procedures that illustrate the operation of the Model 3000 Includes use of both panel controls and menu controls Appendices Includes available Application Notes and provides a place for you to put future Application Notes Software Release Notes and so forth Glossary Defines the terms used in the instruction manuals for the Model 3000 Index Provides an alphabetical listing of the functions operations controls and menus discussed in this manual xii How to use this manual How to use this manual This manual the Model 3000 User Guide is intended initially to get you up and running with the Model 3000 switcher and later to answer more detailed questions you may have regarding operation We suggest tha
70. the use of panel controls In addition the system has the ability to layer stills in a recursive manner The system accomplishes this by sending the output of the frame store to the input of an M E for combination with another image A composite is generated that can be fed back to the input of the frame store and re frozen Building A Recursive Effect 1 2 Set up an effect on an M E Select the M E on Aux Bus 4 Turn FRZ freeze on Select the crosspoint on the M E Select new key source and press GRAB Repeat the previous step with new sources Hint Experiment with Preset Patterns and try different shapes Figure 4 14 Recursive Effects Frame Store Operations Option Video and Key The Frame Store function can be assigned to either a video channel or a key channel Video and key channels may also be selected simultaneously if video and key channels are mapped to the same crosspoint Operations that can be independently set for video and key channels are as follows m Freeze m Grab m Field Modes m Mask When VIDEO 1 and KEY 1 are delegated simultaneously the key channel settings are automatically aligned with the video channel settings Mask Store Use the mask store output as a source for the mask generators It may also be routed to the switcher crosspoint matrix for use as a primary switcher input and to an output module for use by external devices It can also used with a drawing tablet Ma
71. this manual Dual Chroma Keyer Up to six analog component RGB YUV or Betacam or composite inputs can be chroma keyed two per Dual Chroma Keyer module Each module is added to a specific M E Borderline Key Edge Generation Borderline Key Edge Generators are available for each keyer in the switcher The Borderline feature is implemented as a mezzanine board that plugs onto the Keyer module of any M E Each Borderline generator supports 1 2 or 3 line wide borders for border and outline modes and 1 to 6 line wide edges for shadow and extrude modes Fill within the key edges may be either video or matte Secondary Wipe Generator A Secondary Wipe Generator module provides a second pattern for each of the M E systems Only one module is required for enhancing all mix effect systems Description of Options Safe Title Action Area Generator The Safe Title Action Area Generator provides up to four different patterns that can be superimposed on the switched preview output of the switcher It may be used to define a safe title area safe action area or for screen centering and horizontal vertical alignment of picture elements Mix Effects Clean Feed Frame Store Effects Send A clean feed output of the wipe mix signals the two background bus video signals without any keys added is provided by a Look Ahead Preview mezzanine board installed on the Mixer and Primary Wipe Generator module The Frame Store option al
72. transfer data to or from a storage device Looping Input Loop through An input that includes two connectors One connector accepts the input signal and the other connector is used as an output for connecting the input signal to another piece of equipment or to a monitor Luminance The quantitative attribute of light measured as luminous intensity Corresponds to the sensation of brightness Luminance Key A key effect in which the portions of the key source that are greater in luminance than the clip level cut the hole in the background scene In G 8 luminance keying any video brightness level above the clip level will insert the key any level below the clip level will turn the key off In the key invert mode this clip relationship is reversed MII Format A color difference video format that uses the Y R Y B Y components Macro A function that provides for one keystroke to take the place of many keystrokes Mask A pattern used to obscure parts of a video key Mask Key A key effect in which the keying signal is masked gated by an adjustable mask window that may be positioned anywhere on the screen The mask may be set to force either foreground or background as desired Matrix 1 An array of input and output signal lines whose intersections form crosspoints 2 The switcher frame with circuit boards installed is sometimes called the matrix because the circuit boards contain several crosspoint sw
73. 1 Background buses 3 5 Beeper Preferences 2 62 Menu 2 62 Black Level Internal 2 10 Output Clipping 2 27 Blanking Horizontal 2 10 Boards Modules Assembly Version Number 2 4 Boot Up 2 2 Borderline Key Edge Generator 1 18 C Chroma Key Auto Setup 4 33 Auto Setup Option 1 20 Auto Setup procedure 4 34 background suppression 3 17 Definition 3 16 Foreground suppression 3 17 Inputs 2 20 2 22 Inputs Menu 2 22 Option Description 1 18 Chrominance Output Clipping 2 27 Circuit Boards Assembly Version Number 2 4 Clear Key Memory Menu 2 57 Clear Work Buffer 3 2 Clip Control 3 10 Adjustments 4 25 Clipping Black Level Output 2 27 Chrominance Output 2 27 Composite Output 2 27 Luminance Output 2 27 Clock Period 2 17 Composite Output Clipping 2 27 Configuration Menu 2 7 Tree 2 8 to 2 9 Configuring Assigning Peripheral Triggers 2 50 Aux Buses 2 53 Index 1 Index Beeper Preferences 2 62 Black Level Output Clipping 2 27 Chroma Key Inputs 2 22 Chrominance Output Clipping 2 27 Composite Output Clipping 2 27 Configuration Menu 2 7 Crosspoint Bus Shift Lock 2 55 Inputs 2 19 Defaults User Defined 2 63 DPM 2 34 Interface 2 41 2 42 Video Path 2 35 Editor Port 2 33 External Interface 2 32 2 52 External Key Sync 2 17 GPI Inputs 2 23 Outputs 2 52 Input Digital Resolution 2 16 Inputs 2 14 2 25 Kaleidoscope Interface 2 42 Key Output Setup On Off 2 26 Key Setup 2 18 Keyer Preferences 2 56 Luminance Output
74. 4 55 Advanced Keyframe Editing lslsseseeeessse 4 56 Version 5 2 and later software changes 4 58 Working With Keyframe Timelines 00 4 60 Setting and Adjusting Start Times 00 4 61 Zoom and Pan Timeline Effects 0 00 c sees 4 62 Cut Copy and Paste Keyframes useless 4 63 Effects Editing with Get and Put 006 4 65 Constant Duration Mode isssellseseeeelsse 4 65 Using Path Types To Change An Effect 54 4 66 Effects Send Operations Option 6 66 cece eee 4 68 OEP aeris antn aie IiE E i E UI LIRE et 4 68 Effects Send Looping Mode 6 0 c cece cence eee 4 70 Effects Send Non Looping Mode 6 0 cece ee eee 4 70 Frame Store Operations Option 0 6 6 c eee eee eee 4 71 SETUP Rete cetera E shan tiers niece Red M cea diese tae 4 71 Output Routing oer eruere EUREN RE REN Que pes era 4 71 still Image Storage 4 cts cede EAE RREREOREP DAE EE 4 72 Building A Recursive Effect ssllllsssesss 4 72 Video and Key eec e RR RE Cer eee net 4 73 Mask Store sepre beRe RIETI ERU ER COBRE E ee 4 73 Freeze Mode cis ees ga da e Re m REEF E E ede das 4 74 Frame Store Field Modes 000s cece cece eens 4 74 Field 1 Field 2 535 exkua ik e dca dor de oca ia 4 74 2 Field Field amp usudce uae Roe e a deo e n 4 74 Grab Mode ius Rx ERR ERI REESE
75. AIN for the desired contrast then adjust the OPACITY and SHDW ON to a lower setting Note that SHADOW CLIP has no effect You see some interaction with the Keyer GAIN which affects background opacity If FGD RESHAPE is off the LUMA background suppression also interacts with shadow adjustments Fine tuning the key After you ve set up the key play back both foreground and background sources Rehearse the scene with live action Make adjustments to compensate for camera moves changes in shadows and so on If necessary build Inhibit and Force Masks and Keyer setup changes as an effect which tracks the action Obviously this is difficult with live action but may make significant improvements with recorded material which is intrinsically more difficult to key E MEM Effects Memory Operations Do not use the following functions Set them as indicated m SEP HUE SUPPRESS set to OFF m CORING set to FIXED E MEM Effects Memory Operations The switcher s E MEM Effects Memory System includes 100 internal storage registers that you can use to store learn recall and modify switcher panel setups There are ten banks with ten registers in each bank Switcher panel setup data saved in EEMEM registers can be recalled at a later time The setups may also be saved and recalled from floppy disk refer to Floppy Disk Drive Operations on page 4 77 The memory containing stored setups is protected against power outages so if switch
76. Assigning Inputs 2 23 DPM 2 41 Inputs Menu 2 23 Outputs Configuration 2 52 Menu 2 52 H Horizontal Blanking 2 10 Identifying Software Version Number 2 4 INH MASK button 4 26 Input Digital Resolution Menu 2 16 Index 4 Input Modules 1 9 Inputs Background 2 14 Black 2 14 Chroma Key 2 20 2 22 Configuration 2 14 to 2 25 Crosspoints 2 19 Description 2 14 Digital Resolution 2 16 DPM Mapping 2 45 External Key 2 17 GPI 2 23 Kaleidoscope Mapping 2 48 Key 1 9 2 14 2 18 Mask 2 14 Video 1 9 2 14 Inputs Menu 2 15 Install Info Menu 2 3 to 2 6 Installed Software Version Number 2 4 Internal Black Level 2 10 INV ert button 4 26 K Kaleidoscope 2 36 Aux Bus Mapping 2 44 Enabling 3000 Tally Control 2 70 Interface Setup 2 42 Mapping Inputs 2 48 Key Borderline Option Description 1 18 frozen image 3 30 Inputs 1 9 2 18 Outputs 1 11 Key Output Setup On Off 2 26 Key Setup Configuring 2 18 Key Source 3 10 Key Transitions 4 28 Keyer Preferences 2 56 Index Menu 2 56 Keyframe advanced editing 4 56 copy 4 63 cut 4 63 editing 4 54 learn 4 55 Operations 4 54 paste 4 63 Path Control B 5 timelines 4 60 Keyframe Effects Relative Positioning B 2 Keyframe Path Menu 4 66 Keyframe Path Types Curve 4 67 Hold 4 66 Linear 4 66 S Linear 4 66 L Levels in Effects Editing Control Factors 3 21 Delegated 3 21 Enabled 3 21 Types 3 21 Lever arm 4 28 mix 4 9 Limiter Output 2 27 LINEAR KEY 4 24 Look
77. Clipping 2 27 Mapping DPM 700 Aux Buses 2 45 Aux Buses 2 44 Inputs 2 45 Returns 2 46 Mapping Kaleidoscope Aux Buses 2 44 Inputs 2 48 Output Digital Resolution 2 30 Output Limiter 2 27 Output Timing 2 28 Outputs 2 26 to 2 31 Peripheral Interface 2 49 Preview Preferences 2 58 Shaping Unshaping 2 27 Superblack Output On Off 2 26 System Clock 2 12 to 2 13 System Parameters 2 10 User Preferences 2 54 Constant Duration Mode 4 65 Control Panel Description 1 7 Control Point Language DPM 2 40 Crosspoints 2 14 Bus 3 5 Inputs 2 19 Matrix 1 14 Naming Buttons 2 20 Shift Lock 2 55 Current Working Buffer 2 3 3 2 Cut 4 6 4 65 definition 3 6 D Date 2 12 Defaults Factory 3 2 Manufactures 2 63 System 2 63 User Defined 2 2 3 2 Define Defaults Menu 2 63 Description Control Panel 1 7 Functional 1 13 Inputs 2 14 Options 1 18 Physical 1 5 Power Supplies 1 6 Signal Processor 1 5 System Configuration 2 7 Video Processing 1 14 Digital Resolution Setting Inputs 2 16 Downstream Keyer 4 28 DPM Aux Buses 2 34 Index 2 Index Configuration 2 34 Control Connections CPL PBII GPI 2 40 Interface Configuration 2 41 Kscope Source Menu 2 48 Map Aux Buses Menu 2 44 Map Inputs Menu 2 45 Mapping Aux Buses 2 44 Inputs 2 45 Returns 2 46 Return Inputs 2 34 Setup Menu 2 41 Video Path Configuration 2 35 DPM Capabilities Fixed 2 35 Pooled 2 35 DPM 700 Aux Bus Mapping 2 45 Enabling Tally Control 2 68 Interfac
78. DERL EE 4 75 Dropshadow Mode 00 60 ee 4 75 Repositioning acae i eee nnn 4 76 MOSAICS 4 ssn osc artis e tein tH Ree aut Ora sate teased er 4 a Ge Re 4 76 Pseudo Color despise anini E ees Ae et enna a 4 76 Filtef sip acc nekierebexe tb pae rae e aae cage Sete 4 76 CIOP o co Ios cn cap le eases DIS E ets t 4 76 Contents Floppy Disk Drive Operations 0 666 c eee eens 4 77 Format Diskettes 0 o ccc eee eee 4 77 Creating Directories and Files 0 00 c cece cence eee 4 78 Store and Name An E MEM File sssssssss 4 78 Store and Name A Configuration File 4 79 Viewing Listing Files and Directories 4 82 Deleting Files and Directories lesse 4 82 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Introduction restare e e te a bt ee e ben tea A 1 What are Shaped and Unshaped Video A 1 Input Shaped and Unshaped Video iislelessuuuue A 2 Configuring the Input 6 6 6 A 3 Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video A 4 Correct Input Configuration 06 6 e cece A 6 Correct Operation With Shaped Fill Video A 6 Correct Operation With Unshaped Fill Video A 8 Incorrect Input Configuration 6 006 e eee eee A 9 Incorrect Operation With Shaped Fill Video A 9 Incorrect Operation With Unshaped Fill Video A 11 Output Sh
79. ENU config USER SYSTEM EXTERN AUX BUS PREFS gt PARAMS gt INPUTS OUTPUTS gt VF gt FORMAT gt 2 7 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration ICONFG 2 8 LATCH M E 1 r A NORMAL SECTION SELECT ewes 5s BUS SELECT wes Keys DSK DROP ow orr CLEAR XPT DSK KEY2 Leer MEMORY MEMORY CLEAR BUS LAU 4 CLEAR SECTION ASIC 2 ME 1 CLEAR SWITCHER pes I wE2 a4 M E 3 AUTO 5 PVW SELECT PGM PST LOOKAHEAD ALLKEYERS 6 PVW MODE PGM DELEG KEYER L 7 DIM PVW OFF PUSH TO PVW ON PUSH TO PVW TIMEOUT OFF BEEPER ON OFF ON OFF WARNING ON OFF END OFKNOB ON OFF KNOB CENTER ON OFF INACTIVE KNOB ON OFF WE SELECT WE 1 Lave DEFAULT j WE serbEFAULT IWE RUN LEVER ENABLE DISABLE KEYFRAME EDITING ENABLE DISABLE MASTER E MEM H 300 STYLE NORMAL Ps und O YEAR FIELD 1 XMITABLE c dla ASPECT RATIO Feo 2 VALID RGB m DATE O FIELD DOMINANCE NONE BOTH TIME HOUR MATTE GEN LIM NONE O MINUTE H BLANKING DEFAULT 7 5 IRE SECOND INTERNAL BLK LV 0 IRE SET CLOCK 1TO8 START HORIZ BLANKING GROUP SELECT L 9TO 16 END HORIZ BLANKING CARD SELECT 1 card SUPER BLACK OUTPUT INPUT INPUT 8 BIT INPUT 10 BIT PIOS exremw ug NUTS 27018 AUX BUS FORMAT Card 1TO8 AUTOMATIC GROUP
80. FO MENU status install info MODEL 3000 3 SOFTWARE VERSION 5 0 SLOT BOARD VERSION SLOT BOARD VERSION DIG IN PAR 068923 00B DIG IN PAR 068923 00B ANLG IN AUTO 068921 00G ANLG IN AUTO 068921 00G DIG IN SER 068924 00C ANLG IN AUTO 068921 00G MAIN UPPER LOWER BOARDS BOARDS BOARDS This menu shows what slots in the lower card cage Bay C have modules installed and the format and assembly version number for each installed module You may wish to refer back to this menu when you are setting parameters for analog and digital inputs 2 6 Software Setup Software Setup The system parameters to be used at a particular site or in a specific studio are usually configured immediately following installation of the equipment These include defining input sources assigning those sources to crosspoints setting output levels and defining external interfaces These operations are accessed through the Configuration Menu an overview of which may be seen in the menu tree in Figure 2 1 and Figure 2 2 The Configuration Menu The Configuration Menu is a top level menu that provides access to the User Preferences System Parameters Inputs Outputs External Interface and Aux Bus Format submenus 1 To begin the setup process press the CONFG button on the Main Menu subpanel of the Upper Panel to display the Configuration Menu CONFIGURATION M
81. I button to execute your selection Note the displayed entry for GPI 1 MISC BUS 1 DPM 1 CHAN 1 Select GPI 2 with the GPI SELECT button Press the MISC button to set the FUNCTION SELECT soft knob to LOG TALLY Set the AUX BUS soft knob 2 Press the PROGRAM GPI button to execute your selection Note the displayed entry for GPI 2 MISC BUS 2 DPM 1 CHAN 1 2 69 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Operating the Model 3000 With Kaleidoscope 2 70 After the Model 3000 has been connected to a Kaleidoscope DPM Digital Picture Manipulator as described in the Installation section of the Model 3000 Installation amp Service manual and after the Model 3000 has been properly configured as described earlier in this section all that is required for the two devices to operate together is to enable both of them With both ends of the 3000 Kaleidoscope interface enabled communication is established which provides E MEM recall and run control To Enable the Model 3000 1 Turnon high tally the DPM button that was configured for Kaleidoscope usually DPM 1 on the E MEM Enables subpanel 2 Bring up the DPM Setup Menu on the Model 3000 as follows a Press CONFG on the main menu panel b Select EXTERN I F gt in the Configuration Menu c Select DPM I F gt in the External Interface Menu 3 Setthe DPM TYPE in the 3000 DPM Setup Menu to KSCOPE To Enable Kaleidoscope 1 Press the Kaleidoscope Top Menu RESRCES
82. ITS 10 BITS 10 BITS GROUP CARD SWITCHED DSK PGM DSK PGM SELECT SELECT MASK PVW VIDEO KEY This menu allows you to set each digital output to 8 or 10 bit resolution 2 30 Configuring Outputs 2 Usethe GROUP SELECT and CARD SELECT buttons to select the appropriate outputs Note that as the output boards are selected with CARD SELECT the names of the outputs change above the soft buttons 3 Setthe resolution to either 8 BIT or 10 BIT for each of the four selected digital outputs 4 Repeatsteps 2 and 3 until all digital outputs have been configured NOTE Dithering of the 8 bit outputs is selectable in the Misc Signal Process Menu 5 Press the main menu CONFG button to return to the Configuration Menu Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Configuring External Interfaces Most parameters for external interfaces can be set up or changed through the External Interface Menu 1 From the Configuration Menu select EXTERN I F gt to display the External Interface Menu This menu provides selections for defining interface parameters for peripherals connected to the Model 3000 EXTERNAL INTERFACE MENU config extern if EDITOR DPM PERIPHERAL GPI I F gt VF gt VF gt VF gt 2 32 Configuring External Interfaces Setting Editor Port Parameters 1 From the External Interface Menu press EDITOR I F gt to select the Editor Interfa
83. L 1 soft knobs as appropriate for your installation NOTE Assigning an Aux Bus to a DPM level saves the parameters under the DPM level rather than the MISC level for E MEM operations 5 Press the EXIT button to return to the DPM Setup Menu Mapping DPM Inputs Set up the DPM video and key return input numbers as follows 1 From the DPM Setup Menu press DPM MAP INPUTS to bring up the DPM Map Inputs Menu DPM MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEGUNPUT config extern if dpm setup dpm map inputs PHYSICAL LOGICAL VIDEO INPUT KEY INPUT CHAN 1 ix CHAN 2 19 42 KEY INPUT CHAN 3 29 42 DEVICE 1 CHAN 4 pEvous CHANS CHAN 6 T CHAN7 SECONDARY DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 DEVICE 3 DPM CHANNEL SELECT SELECT 2 45 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 46 Press the DPM SELECT button to select the desired DEVICE 1 through 4 Press the CHANNEL SELECT button to select the desired DEVICE channel Turn the VIDEO INPUT knob to assign the Model 3000 physical input 1 to 64 to which this DPM video return was connected during cabling Turn the KEY INPUT knob to assign the Model 3000 physical input 1 to 64 to which this DPM key return was connected during cabling Set up the aux bus format using the Aux Bus Format Menu as described later in this section Make sure that any aux buses assigned to Kaleidoscope are configured for KEY operation of their B aux buses NOTE
84. Mask Store Menu 1 Using the STRAIGHT and FREEHAND draw modes selected with the DRAW MODE button STRAIGHT automatically draws a straight line between two cursor points To make the first point press the pen onto the tablet then lift up slightly Keeping the pen about a 1 2 inch above the tablet move the pen to where you want the straight line to end Press the pen down for the second point and to complete the line A temporary line on the monitor provides a visual cue as to where the line is going 2 65 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 66 Select either BLACK SCREEN or WHITE SCREEN for your mask store background Then select either a BLACK for white screen or WHITE for black screen brush with the BRUSH SOURCE button Hint If you are using a black brush on a white screen you may want to adjust the BRUSH OPACITY soft knob to a value of 20 or higher A value of 0 to 5 makes the brush strokes very hard to see Use FILL SHAPE to fill a completely enclosed shape with either black or white as selected by BRUSH SOURCE If the shape is not completely closed the fill will leak out and fill the entire screen This may happen if you have the BRUSH SOFTNESS soft knob set to a low value such as 0 to 15 First press the FILL SHAPE button to get a cross hair cursor Then touch the graphics tablet pen inside the shape to be filled the filling action will begin The screen message FILL REGION COMPLE
85. Menu if you try to copy M E 1 Key 1 to M E 1 Key 1 copy a key onto itself you will get a beep with Beeper Prefs selection WARNING ON END OF KNOB Enable or disable the beeper alert that sounds when the knob is turned to either end of its range KNOB CENTER Enable or disable the beeper alert that sounds when the knob is turned to the center of its range INACTIVE KNOB Enable or disable the beeper alert for knobs turned off during the current switcher state Setting User Defined System Defaults Setting User Defined System Defaults The Define Defaults Menu allows you to change the default values that are stored in memory and used when the switcher is turned on or the CLEAR WORK BUFR button is pressed The values stored in the User Defined Default Buffer battery backed RAM are loaded into the Working Buffer when power is applied to the switcher This sets the initial state of the switcher parameters DEFINE DEFAULTS MENU config user prefs define defaults Set Default State to Current Switcher State All M Es will use M E 1 settings Set Default State to GVG Factory Default M E 1 M E 2 M E 3 M E GVG SET SELECT DEFAULT DEFAULT 7 With the M E SELECT button select the M E whose settings you want to be used during power up Only one set of values is stored for the M Es therefore both M Es will use the same values at boot up 8 Ontheswitcher panel including the selected
86. PING MENU config aux bus format aux bus shaping PHYSICAL LOGICAL AUX BUS1 AUX BUS 1 SHAPED AUX BUS 2 AUX BUS 2 UNSHAPED AUX BUS 3 AUX BUS 3 UNSHAPED AUX BUS 4 AUX BUS 4 ET PHYS AUX VIDEO SELECT KEY FMT Figure A 13 Model 4000 and Model 2200 Aux Bus Shaping Menu Software 05 0 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Installation Considerations A 16 The concepts presented in this appendix are helpful when designing a video facility interconnecting equipment and configuring the equipment Keep the following points in mind when putting a system together When interconnecting devices the video output of the sending device and the video input of the receiving device must both be set for the same video format either shaped or unshaped If the sending device produces unshaped video but the receiving device expects shaped video the overlapping video will whiten the edges of the key If the sending device produces shaped video but the receiving device expects unshaped video a double multiply will occur in the keyer darkening the edges of the key If either device or the interconnect between them is analog it is best to use unshaped video on the interconnect If an additive keyer with noise coring exists in the receiving device shaped video is acceptable otherwise unshaped video must be used In an all digital system it is best to use shaped video between devices if it is supported by
87. Put to copy entire effects from one register to another Use PUT to copy the current effect into the selected register number 1 Recallan effect from an E MEM register 2 Find an empty register number to use for step 3 3 Press PUT empty register ENTER Or PUT dot Puts the current effect into the next available empty register Use GET to copy an entire effect from another location into the current register 1 Select an empty register number 2 Findaregister number with an effect to use for step 3 3 Press GET register ENTER Or GET dot Puts the current effect into the next available empty register Constant Duration Mode Constant Duration editing changes the way keyframes are inserted and deleted In Constant Duration mode adding or deleting keyframes does not change the total effect duration It does modify the preceding keyframe duration to keep the total effect duration the same NOTE The total effect length can be changed by inserting keyframes after the last keyframe or before the first one The first and last keyframes cannot be deleted in this mode as they determine the length of the effect When you do a Cut in Constant Duration mode the duration of the removed keyframe is added to the duration of the previous keyframe The Time Cursor remains positioned at the point of deletion 4 65 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 66 Using Path Types To Change An Effect
88. TE displays when the operation is complete NOTE The FILL SHAPE function times out 5 seconds after pressing the button The cursor cross hair reverts back to a brush 4 SAVE and UNDO buttons Use SAVE periodically throughout your mask draw work session to save desired results Use UNDO to delete current undesired results Screen messages SAVE COMPLETE UNDO COMPLETE display when these operations are done Operating Notes Mask Draw Setup 1 Useoneofthe three operations listed below to view the Mask Draw function a Using the Map Inputs Menu map a switcher crosspoint button to Mask Frame Store and select that crosspoint for viewing b Toview the draw mask work on a preview monitor go to the Preview Prefs Menu and turn DIM PVW ON for the delegated or ALL keyer c Ifyou will be using the FRZE and GRAB functions Set the Mask Store button Mask Store Subpanel to ON 2 Display the Mask Store Menu menu path Frame Store Mask Store 3 Press the DRAW button to select ON default state DRAW ON does the following a Initializes the graphics tablet b Enables all Mask Store Menu functions c Sets Freeze mode to ON if it was OFF Frame Store Subpanel NOTE If DRAW is ON before connecting the graphics tablet you need to initialize the tablet by turning DRAW OFF then ON again 2 67 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Operating the Model 3000 With a DPM 700 2 68
89. TE User Preferences will be addressed at the end of this section Refer to page 2 54 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting System Parameters The System Parameters Menu allows you to set the video standard internal black level to select the matte generator chroma limiting algorithm to adjust horizontal blanking and the super black output level and to set the system clock 1 Press the SYSTEM PARAMSs soft button below the Configuration Menu display to bring up the System Parameters Menu SYSTEM PARAMETERS MENU START HORIZONTAL BLANKING config system params 0 0 clocks END HORIZONTAL BLANKING 0 0 clocks SUPERBLACK OUTPUT 10 0 IRE XMITABLE FIELD 1 VALID RGB FIELD 2 BOTH 0 IRE NONE NONE INTERNAL FIELD MATTE H BLANKING BLACK LVL DOM GEN LIM DEFAULT 2 With the INTERNAL BLACK LVL soft button select either 7 5 IRE or 0 IRE This sets the video standard internal black level for operation on the NTSC standard used in the U S A Black 7 5 IRE or the NTSC standard used in Japan Black 0 IRE 3 Setthe START HORIZONTAL BLANKING soft knob as desired This adjusts the start of H blanking over a range of 16 0 clocks to 16 0 clocks The default value is 0 0 clocks 2 10 Setting System Parameters 4 Setthe END HORIZONTAL BLANKING soft knob as desired This adjusts the end of H blanking over a range of 16 0 clocks to 16 0 clocks The default value is 0 0 clocks
90. User Manual Tektronix Grass Valley Model 3000 Digital Production Switcher Software Release 5 3 071 0159 00 Revised Printing February 1998 Telephone Numbers North America 800 547 8949 Fax 530 478 3181 Elsewhere Distributor or sales office from which equipment was purchased Web Addresses Grass Valley Email Support GVGSERVICE Qtek com Grass Valley Web Page http www tek com Grass Valley Tektronix Web Site http www tek com Postal Addresses Mail Tektronix Grass Valley Products P O Box 1114 Grass Valley CA 95945 Shipping Tektronix Grass Valley Products 400 Providence Mine Rd Nevada City CA 95959 Customer Support Tektronix Grass Valley Products is committed to providing the most responsive and professional product support available We have a fully staffed highly trained support team ready to respond to anything from a simple question to an emergency repair Sup port is available via telephone or email For new and updated cus tomer support documents as well as new product information check the Tektronix web site and Grass Valley s web page Copyright Tektronix Inc All rights reserved Printed in U S A Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published mate rial Specifications and price change privileges reserved TEKTRONIX TEK Grass Valley Group
91. VE SELECT soft knob to select CONFIG You can select any combination of the six switcher parameters listed at the bottom of the menu to SAVE or NO SAVE To include all switcher configuration data select SAVE for all six parameters listed b Press the NAME FILE button to complete this menu and invoke the Name File Menu In the Name File Menu select the characters Config1 in the File Name box then press the ACCEPT NAME button A maximum of eight characters may be used Confirm the name with a Yes when the Confirm File Save Menu displays The system automatically appends a CFG extension to the filename for this example Config1 CFG 4 79 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 80 Loading Recalling E MEM Files from Disk This procedure describes loading E MEM files You can load a stored E MEM effect from disk into an E MEM register for example register 23 You can also load an entire E MEM bank of 10 registers or all E MEM registers NOTE The register file extension for example R23 mandates that the recall will be read into register number 23 1 Insert your E MEM effects diskette into the switcher disk drive 2 Accessthe Disk Menu Press the CHILD DIRECTORY button to cause the switcher to read the diskette and list the parent directory 3 Highlight the E MEM subdirectory and press CHILD DIRECTORY again to display the E MEM subdirectory and list its files 4 Usethe FILE SELECT soft
92. a change from one video picture to another The switcher provides three methods for making video transitions m Cuts m Mixes m Wipes Cut Transition A cut is an instantaneous switch from one picture to another A background cut for example switches the on air Program output instantly from the picture selected on the Program bus to the picture selected on the Preset bus A cut can also be used to switch a key on or off air instantaneously Mix Transition A mix is a transition from one picture to another in which the new picture mixes into and then replaces the picture that was already on air Figure 3 1 The switcher allows you to mix from one background picture to another or to mix up to three separate key layers on or off over a background Background and key mixes can be done separately or simultaneously Transitions Starting Video Midway Transition Ending Video Figure 3 1 A Mix Transition 3 7 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Wipe Transition A wipe is a transition from one picture to another in which a shaped edge moves across the screen revealing the new picture see Figure 3 2 A background wipe removes the old Program Background picture as it wipes on the new Preset Background picture A key wipe reveals the key over the existing background or removes it without affecting the existing background A wipe transition can also change the background and the key s at the same time Wipes can tak
93. able DPM channel routing by maintaining an extra level of mapping between physical and logical DPM channels This mapping termed Switcher Input Routing and Switcher Output Routing is discussed on the following page For DPM TYPEs of OTHER FIXED or NONE DPMs which are not pooled and do not have Input and Output Routing the CHANNEL ROUTING selection should be OFF Kaleidoscope changes its logical to physical channel mapping depending on the order in which channels are acquired from its pool Switcher output routing maps a physical aux bus to a logical aux bus so that the logical aux bus number corresponds with the DPM s logical channel Configuring External Interfaces The Aux Bus button selection made on the switcher control panel is always a logical aux bus however unless Kaleidoscope is connected Logical Aux Bus 1 always corresponds to Physical Aux Bus 1 etc The current mapping of physical to logical DPM channels is displayed in the DPM Map Inputs Menu It should be noted that the switcher supports only one pooled device In the example in Figure 2 3 Physical Aux Bus 1 is connected to Kaleidoscope Physical Channel A Bus 2 to Channel B and so on Kaleidoscope Physical Channels Model 3000 ABCDE 0347 02 29 Kaleidoscope ics qy Channel Pool iin any Routing AN Logical Aux 1 LHL puaa s HHH Logical Aux 2 LIL ALAL gt Iesus oe E Logical Aux 3 Logical Aux 4 E ET Logical Aux 5 Y
94. aced on air Also called Look Ahead Preview Primary Inputs Video and key inputs that have not passed through any processing circuits These sources are selectable by the Source Select buttons on the main control panel Printer A device which converts signals into letters numbers symbols and graphics for output onto paper Also see Hard Copy Program A complex sequence of instructions which tell a computer how to receive process store and transmit information for a specific task or related tasks Also see Operating Program and Routine Program PGM Output The on air or final output of the switcher May also bea signal which is available at the Program Glossary output of a Mix Effects system ready to be placed as a re entry on the switcher Program output PROM Programmable Read Only Memory An information storage device on which the information once entered cannot readily be changed It is nonvolatile memory such that power conditions do not effect the information Also see EEPROM RAM and ROM Pulse Regenerator A circuit which accepts reference color black or another composite color video input and processes it to produce sync blanking subcarrier and burst flag PAL only reference pulses for use within the switcher R R Y The designator used to describe the Red minus Luminance color portion of a component video signal RAM Random Access Memory A computer memory system that allo
95. all inputs have been mapped and named Press EXIT until the Inputs Menu reappears 2 21 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Formatting Chroma Key Inputs 1 From the Inputs Menu press the CHR KEY INPUTS button to select the Chroma Key Inputs Menu CHROMA KEY INPUTS MENU config inputs chr key inputs COARSE TIMING 0 000 clocks FINE INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 FORMAT 2 Inthe Chroma Key Inputs Menu select the appropriate chroma key input and select the desired input format for that input 3 Adjust the coarse and fine timing for each chroma key input The range of the COARSE soft knob is 256 clocks to 256 clocks Use the FINE soft knob to adjust the fractional value from 0 000 to 0 999 clocks 4 Press EXIT to return to the Inputs Menu 2 22 Configuring Inputs Assigning GPI Inputs The GPI Inputs Menu allows you to configure GPI assignments for signals that can be used to trigger Model 3000 functions These assignments must correspond to the physical GPI connections described in the Installation section of the System Information manual Eight GPI inputs are provided All of these accept pulse type GPI inputs except Aux Tally Back which is level sensitive 1 From the Inputs Menu press the GPI INPUTS button to select the GPI Inputs Menu The first time you do this no functions will appear in the second column of the menu table GPI INPUTS MENU
96. aped and Unshaped Video 0 0 e eee eee A 13 For the Model 3000 2 0 oie A 13 For the Model 4000 or Model 2200 006 A 15 Installation Considerations ssas c cece eee A 16 Appendix B Keyframe Facts Keyframe Timelines voeren aai ieii i c cee nes B 1 Master Timeline 00000 ccc ce eee eee eens B 1 Enables and Delegates 6 B 3 Keyframe Path Control 0 6 6 B 5 Tension Continuity and Bias Controls 006 B 5 Path Vectors ond 65656 oo SHES ver ehe tra Reese B 6 Tension Control 0 00 0 cece eee eens B 7 Continuity Control 0 6 rrer creere ene B 10 Bias Control etse elk ese ie dence Alster Rute Du s B 13 Contents Appendix C Super Black Definition of Super Black n 06 eee nee C 1 OBCCHVG ne cca wa os ag peri ew he See EREHEP eT ky Y pee REES C 1 Limitations iu caer e darting t odes au eg eae guten aepo ota Cl lr cT C2 Using the Super Black Output 0 6 cane C 2 Generating Super Black 66666 C 3 First Method 2 04054 phon ae nde REX niie Her CE SER ea C 4 Second Method 0 cece cee eee eee C 4 Reconstructing the Signal 6 cece cee eee C 5 Glossary Index Preface Welcome to the Model 3000 This manual provides you with the information you need to configure and operate the Model 3000 2 or Model 3000 3 Digital Switching System Included here are system setup procedures
97. background and fill video signals Keyboard A small control panel with pushbutton keys that provides the human interface into an electronics system Key Fill In a key effect the video signal that is said to fill the hole cut in background video by the key source Key fill may be key video modified key video or matte Key Invert 1 A key mode which inverts the polarity of the key to allow dark areas of the source video to cut holes in background 2 A chroma key mode which inverts the foreground and background fill positions Key Source The source of the signal which is said to cut the hole in the background scene for a key effect This signal is processed into a key which controls the video mix between the background scene and the fill video thus the key source determines the shape of the key effect G 7 Glossary Key Video The video selected on a key bus which may be the key fill the key source or both L Learn The operation of storage in an E MEM system Lever Arm Transition A transition between primary video and or title video signals made by manually moving the lever arm Linear Key A key which is processed at or near unity gain by the switcher Clip and gain control have very small adjustment ranges and keying is performed using the luminance values of the linear key source A Linear Key is normally used when the key has already been properly shaped at the key source Load To
98. ble button Note that the M E 1 button goes to low tally and its level indicator on the Timeline Menu becomes un highlighted To adjust the start time Select Start with the Time Knob Select button Adjust the start time by turning the TIME soft knob The time cursors will move as delay is added to the start of the effect c Re delegate M E 1 Run the effect Note that M E 2 now starts later than M E 1 4 61 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 62 6 Toseta start time a Position the effect at the 2nd keyframe Press the SET START TIME button on the Timeline Menu b The effect will now start at keyframe 2 rather than keyframe 1 Zoom and Pan Timeline Effects The ZOOM soft knob in the Timeline Menu is used to expand the timeline display for precise positioning of the Time Cursor This allows you to examine adjacent keyframes in detail when you have a long timeline effect The PAN soft knob moves the display across the screen to view any portion of the expanded display The PAN knob is active only when the display is not full size that is the entire timeline doesn t fit on the display When the display is expanded zoomed the first soft button is labeled either FULL SIZE or LAST PAN ZOOM which toggles the timeline screen between a full sized display in which all times within the timeline are visible and the last user selected pan and zoom setting During effect runs or effect editing while
99. both devices When connecting to a Kaleidoscope DPM Kaleidoscope allows the user to program each digital input and each digital or analog output for shaped or unshaped video There is no unshaper on the analog inputs of Kaleidoscope so analog sources to Kaleidoscope must always be unshaped Installation Considerations Since the M E keyers produce shaped video GVG recommends the use of the Effects Send option for communicating between these switchers and Kaleidoscope You should also use Aux Bus 1 through 4 1 and 2 on 2200 switcher outputs to feed Kaleidoscope Even without the Effects Send option the 4000 and 2200 can communicate with Kaleidoscope using component digital interconnects between them via serializers and deserializers For the Model 3000 however the interconnects to Kaleidoscope must be analog since Kaleidoscope does not have composite digital inputs and outputs Therefore the unshaper circuits on the Effects Send board are required for proper communication unshaping the Model 3000 outputs for the Kaleidoscope analog inputs NOTE Some devices claim to produce shaped video but don t Their video output contains background signal in the critical soft edges or in translucent areas With such devices the system designer must determine if properly shaped video exists If not an incompatibility exists and a compromise is required One thing that can be done is to set up the device to place foreground objec
100. buses A and B as inputs In standard mode Keyers 1 and 2 can be mixed into a composite video and key which can be forwarded to the DSK another other M E or output In layered mode Backgrounds A and B are also used as keyers that operate in a manner similar to Keyers 1 and 2 Optional preview capability allows monitoring of sources at certain points in the signal flow You can preview video from the M E mixers Flip Flop Mix and DSK mixer switched preview bus or mask bus Eight level sensitive GPI inputs are provided You can assign each of these inputs via the GPI Input menu to perform a specific function when triggered The editor interface consists of an asynchronous RS 422 38 4K baud serial communications port managed by a communications processor 1 15 Section 1 System Overview DUAL E gt RGB INPUT nputs MODULES QUAD INPUT Video Signals MODULES ANALOG PARALLEL DUAL CHROMA KEYERS 80 X 48 VIDEO CROSSPOINT MATRIX M E1 M E2 amp M E3 Chr Key Aux Bus 1A 4B M E Video and Key QUAD KEYER MODULES EFFECTS LOOP CROSS POINTS Key Signals In 0702 05L CONTROL PANEL DIGITAL AND SERIAL DIGITAL Clocks SYNC GENERATOR M E 1 M E 2 amp M E 3 Frame Store Video and Key M E Program Video and Key Clipped Mask and Mask Store Video Switched
101. button 2 Select USER PREFS in the Resources Menu 3 Select EXTRN CNTRL in the User Preferences Menu 4 Select ENABLE 3 4000 in the External Control Menu Operating Notes NOTE You may disable the control connection between the Model 3000 and Kaleidoscope at any time simply by disabling either of the above enables DPM on the E MEM panel or ENABLE 3 4000 in the Kaleidoscope Menu With current software the DPM button on the Model 3000 External Interface subpanel has no effect on the 3000 Kaleidoscope interface Remote Aux Panel Joystick Override All three Remote Aux Control Panel Options designated 1 RU 2 RU and 3 RU have a joystick override capability Joystick override may be used in shading camera applications where a shading panel button overrides the normal selection on an aux bus Override occurs when the shading panel button is held down The aux bus switches to that camera so that the effects of the camera shading controls are visible When the shading panel button is released the aux bus returns to its previous selection Joystick Override Programming Each remote aux panel has its own set of joystick override inputs which must be programmed If pressing a camera shading source button switches to the wrong source refer to the Remote Aux Control Panel Options Manual TP0699 01 for the programming mapping of the override inputs to switcher buttons NOTE Some older Remote Aux panels do not have joy
102. ce Menu EDITOR INTERFACE MENU config extern if editor if ODD EVEN PARITY 2 With the BAUD and PARITY buttons select the baud rate and parity parameters for the editor port by incrementing to the desired settings 3 Press EXIT to return to the External Interface Menu 2 33 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 34 Configuring a DPM Digital Picture Manipulators DPMs are external video devices connected to the switcher In this discussion reference is also made to DPM levels which are E MEM levels into which DPM associated information is learned The combined system capabilities of the switcher and DPMs depend on m The video connection m The capabilities of the DPM m The control connection Itis not necessary to have a control connection from the switcher to a DPM however the highest level of system integration is achieved where there is a control connection Video Connection Aux Buses and Return Inputs A normal video signal path consists of an aux bus output from the switcher feeding a DPM input and the DPM output returned to a switcher input which is mapped to a switcher source select button The video path through a DPM introduces a video delay into the system For example Kaleidoscope introduces a 2 field video delay It is most important that this delay be set correctly in the DPM Setup Menu if Effects Send is to be used NOTE If the video delay is not s
103. ctivated and the tape played back to produce the flying logo Refer to the Super Black text in the Appendix section of this manual for information on how to generate and use the Super Black output Section 3 Switcher Concepts Chroma Key A chroma key is a key in which a particular color that you select in the background of a scene is detected and replaced with a new background scene This gives the illusion that foreground objects are positioned in front of a new background For example the fill video selected on the Key bus may be a weather reporter standing in front of a blue wall and the new background video may be a weather map Figure 3 3 The completed chroma key consists of the weather map background where the blue wall used to be and the reporter foreground fill everywhere else This creates the illusion that the reporter is standing in front of the weather map A convenient feature of the chroma keyer is automatic setup This feature sets up the key for you when you identify the background color that you want to replace You simply position a cursor over the color using the joystick and press the AUTO SETUP button in the Chroma Key Chroma Key Setup Menu On the Model 2200 you can use the AUTO SETUP button on the Chroma Keyer Subpanel On the Model 4000 2A you can use the AUTO SETUP button on the Chroma Keyer Subpanel In most cases this function yields a very good chroma key which you can use as is or to fine tune
104. current directory shown Deleting Directories 1 Highlight the desired directory in the Disk Menu 2 Press DELETE FILE CAUTION You are allowed to delete all existing files and subdirectories within a directory you choose to delete A Delete Menu dialog box will notify you of this before you perform the delete 3 Onthe Delete Menu press either DO DELETE or CANCEL Note the dialog box indicating the directory name to be deleted The floppy disk system re reads the disk and re displays the Disk Menu 4 83 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 84 A Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video NOTE This appendix applies specifically to the Model 2200 Model 3000 and Model 4000 Switchers but the general principals discussed here may apply as well to other switchers and other devices Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to explain what shaped video and unshaped video are where and why they are used and what you need to do so your equipment will handle them properly What are Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaping and unshaping are generally involved only in keying and compositing situations Whenever a key is performed there are always three signals the key source the key fill fill video and the background video The key signal cuts a hole in the background into which the fill video is inserted Devices such as character generators often output both the key signal and the fil
105. d panel controls provide adjustment of the horizontal and vertical offset of the shadow and the opacity of the shadow A Switcher Operations About this Section This section of the User s Guide demonstrates basic operation of the Model 3000 series switcher Each operation is presented in numbered steps to add clarity to the procedures If you are new to video switching or if you encounter unfamiliar terms review Section 3 Concepts The following topics are included in this section Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations on page 4 6 Wipe Operations on page 4 11 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations on page 4 24 Preset Pattern Keying Operations on page 4 29 Layered Mode Operations on page 4 32 Chroma Keying Operations on page 4 33 E MEM Effects Memory Operations on page 4 43 Keyframe Operations on page 4 54 Effects Send Operations Option on page 4 68 Frame Store Operations Option on page 4 71 Floppy Disk Drive Operations on page 4 77 4 1 Section 4 Switcher Operations Starting Conditions The switcher and any connected external devices should be in a known or User Default state before beginning any of these tasks Select GVG Defaults on the Config User Prefs Define Defaults Menu if you are not sure what setups you need 4 2 Switcher Hardware Setup The following requirements are needed in order to complete the procedures in this guide Two separate video sources
106. d crosspoint Figure A 6 shows the appearance of the video on the monitor in both of these cases Correct Operation With Shaped Fill Video Figure A 5 shows what happens when the DPM is set for a shaped video output and SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu of the switcher In this case no shaping of the input fill video takes place and the video is added directly with the Background signal with key hole producing the desired composite image 20 0000 ee Keyhole in Background WF Background plus Foreground SHAPED selected in Map Inputs Menu A turns OFF Shaping Circuit Shaped Video Figure A 5 Correct Shaped Keying Operation Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 6 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the SHAPED UNSHAPED selection is made correctly in the menu Figure A 6 Appearance of Video When Input Configuration is Set Correctly A 7 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Correct Operation With Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 7 shows what happens when the DPM is set for an unshaped video output and UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu In this case the input Shaping circuit shapes the fill video properly to fit the key hole that is cut into the Background to produce the desired composite image Figure A 6 NOTE This process also applies to non shaped video Therefore UNSHAPED should always be selected for a normal key
107. ds in this standard consists of 625 scanning lines One frame is produced every 1 25 of a second Also see NTSC Pattern Border A variable width colored border that can be inserted at the pattern edge in a wipe transition between two video signals The border is filled with matte video from the wipe border matte generator Pattern Limit A transition limit in which a preset position of the pattern edge between two video signals is stored in microprocessor memory Full movement of the Mix Effects lever arm or Auto Transition performs a mix or wipe to or from the preset limit Pattern Modulation An oscillation or modulation of the vertical and or horizontal dimensions of a wipe pattern edge Port A connection point between a computer and another hardware device Preset Black Transition Fade to Black A transition in which one video G 10 signal is faded to color black before the other video signal is brought up Preset Pattern The pattern used in a preset wipe transition Preset Wipe A transition between two video signals in which the limit of the separation pattern edge between signals is controlled by the wipe pattern controls If the effect is wiped on air over an existing background the transition is called a wipe to a pattern limit if the effect is mixed on air it is called a mix to a pattern limit Preview PVW Output The output of the switcher which allows you to observe an effect before it is pl
108. e Remember that what is visible is always the Near side Near delegates the visible side Front or Back Far delegates the not currently visible side Back or Front 3 27 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Effects Send Option Effects Send is a system that provides a close interface between the switcher s mix effects system and a digital picture manipulator DPM Effects Send takes the key and fill video outputs of an effects keyer and sends them to the DPM for manipulation The manipulated key and fill outputs from the DPM then re enter the switcher s mixers via the aux buses The Effects Send advantage allows you to transform a switcher key effect such as a chroma key or a preset pattern as though the DPM circuitry were built into the middle of the switcher The transformed key can be layered over a switcher background and additional keys can be layered on top of the transformed key Up to four channels can be used to route the video and key from an M E to and from an external digital effects system Two channels can be used to route the video and key from an M E to and from an external digital effects system Frame Store Option Frame Store Option The primary functions of the Frame Store option are storage of still video and key images and creation of dropshadows behind keys Controls for manipulation of these functions are found on the Frame Store Subpanel and in the Frame Store menus Either 2 two field pic
109. e 4 29 Layered Mode Operations 0 0 6 6 cece cena 4 32 Chroma Keying Operations 0000 e eens 4 33 Auto Chroma Keying Procedure 6 00 cece eee ens 4 34 Auto SeLUp ces ace ester pete baec enses eq doris 4 36 Basic Manual Adjustment nananana nannan aranna 4 37 Optimization Adjustments sasas sna cece e eee 4 39 E MEM Effects Memory Operations lsssseeeeeeessss 4 43 New Operational Mode Available Version 5 1 and later 4 44 Normal Mode oerte Ep ER PERPE RE 4 44 Learn A Register 0 6 66 cece cee eee eee ens 4 45 Recall A Register ccce tae ace ach ities a he ae Es 4 46 300 Style Mode 3 M E Switchers Only 2205 4 47 Operational Defaults in Either Mode 0 0 0008 4 47 cin p 4 48 Basic E MEM Operations otsuse mager iai auia E 4 48 Enabling E MEM Register Levels sssssse 4 48 Learn Enables icc ee oe d Aerian E IEEE ERE 4 49 vil Contents viii Storing an EMEC cesse debe SCR ed tee eei et 4 50 Recalling an Effect 2 2 0 cocci 4 50 Learning Effects Dissolve Transitions 04 4 51 E MEM Learn Sequence Operations 00 4 52 Undo Function 2 0 06 nnn 4 53 Keyframe Operations 0 66666 cece eee eens 4 54 SETUP sisti sent e egeo Wana te ois adh nc tate em rs eee Rees 4 54 Basic Editing isse eere ee ree IR Ree mee ep da 4 54 Learn Keyframes 2 2 occ eee
110. e Setup 2 42 Peripheral Trigger Functions 2 51 DSK CUT 4 28 DSK MIX 4 28 Dual Chroma Keyer 1 18 DVEous setup 2 43 E Editor Interface Menu 2 33 Editor Port Setting Parameters 2 33 Effects Editing Current Time Position B 1 Delegates B 3 Enabled levels B 3 Enables B 3 Get 4 65 Levels B 3 Modifying B 4 Levels Modifying 4 56 Master Timeline B 1 Path Types 4 66 Put 4 65 Effects Editing Definitions 3 24 Current Time 3 24 Keyframe 3 24 Level 3 24 Master Timeline 3 24 Timeline 3 24 Effects keys 4 28 Effects Loop Crosspoints 1 14 Effects Send 1 19 3 28 Looping Mode 4 70 Non Looping Mode 4 70 Option 4 68 Outputs 1 14 E MEM effects dissolve 4 51 Effects Memory 4 43 Learn Sequence 4 52 Storing an Effect 4 50 Undo 4 53 Enabling DPM 700 Tally Control 2 68 Kaleidoscope Tally Control 2 70 Switcher Kaleidoscope 2 70 External Interface Configuration 2 32 to 2 52 Menu 2 32 2 52 External Key Inputs 2 17 Sync Configuring 2 17 Sync Menu 2 17 F Factory Default Clear Work Buffer 3 2 Fade to Black 4 19 Features Optional 1 4 Index 3 Index Standard 1 3 Fill 3 10 Formatting Aux Buses 2 53 Frame Store 1 19 Dropshadow Mode 4 75 Field Modes 4 74 Freeze Mode 4 74 Grab Mode 4 75 Menu frozen images 3 30 Output Routing 4 71 Recursive Effect 4 72 Still Image Storage 4 72 Frame Store Option Operation 3 29 Overview 1 14 Functional Description 1 13 G Gain adjustments 4 25 Gain Control 3 11 GPI
111. e the operation of the equipment Horizontal sync occurs during the blanking period in each horizontal scanning line and vertical sync occurs during the vertical blanking period Synchronous A mode of computer operation where all tasks regardless of the time they take for execution are allotted specified time cycles Also see Asynchronous System A grouping of assemblies which perform multiple related tasks Also see Assembly and Component T Terminate Termination To complete a circuit by connecting a resistive load to it A video termination is typically a male BNC connector which contains a 50 ohm or 75 ohm resistive load Any unused looping inputs must be terminated to ensure proper signal levels Time Base Corrector An electronic device used to correct video signal instability Title Caption Title Key A key derived from a title signal generated by a character Glossary generator graphics camera etc The title fill may be either a matte or title video Transcoder A device for converting one component form to another as in RGB to Y R Y B Y Also called a translator Transition Anoperation which changes backgrounds and or adds or removes titles A transition can be in the form of a wipe mix or cut V Vertical Interval The portion of the video signal that occurs between the end of one field and the beginning of the next During this time the electron beams in the monitors are turned o
112. e the shape of any of the available wipe patterns which can be adjusted for position aspect ratio multiples rotation modulation edge width edge color and edge softness Twenty four wipe patterns are available from the control panel and additional patterns may be selected from the Wipe Wipe Pattern Menu Figure 3 2 A Wipe Transition 3 8 Keys A key is an effect in which parts of one picture are inserted into another to create a composite picture For example keys are used to insert captions to place a small news scene or graphic over the shoulder of a newscaster or to place the image of a weather reporter in front of a weather map There are several types of keys each of which serves a different purpose These will be briefly described on the following pages Section 3 Switcher Concepts GVG News Key Source Fill Video Luminance Key A luminance key shown in Figure 3 3 uses the brightness information in one picture called the key source to cut a hole in another picture called the background A third picture called the fill is inserted into the hole to fill it A clip control allows the operator to set the level of key source brightness that will cut the hole so that any part of the picture that is lower in brightness than the clip setting is ignored and will not cut the hole The operator can also invert the key so that dark areas of the source cut the hole instead of bright areas Bac
113. ed levels however doing so would make it more difficult to modify the effect To facilitate placing keyframes at different times on different levels effect editing operations are limited to delegated levels only A level may be in one of three states m Not enabled and not delegated does not appear in Timeline menu m Enabled but not delegated appears in Timeline menu title is not highlighted m Enabled and delegated appears in Timeline menu title is highlighted Level enables and delegations are both controlled via the ENABLES buttons on the E MEM panel A menu selection located both in the Keyframe and Timeline menus determines whether the ENABLES buttons control level enables or delegations The ENABLES buttons light as follows m Notenabled or delegated OFF m Enabled but not delegated DIM low tally m Enabled and delegated BRIGHT high tally When ENABLES is selected in the Keyframe or Timeline menu all enabled levels are also delegated thus all enabled levels are affected by changes made on the control panel B 3 Appendix B Keyframe Facts B 4 When DELEGATES is selected only specified enabled levels are delegated all other enabled levels are enabled but not delegated This feature allows you to edit a delegated timeline while viewing its relationship to timelines not being edited When a level is not enabled its timeline disappears and its keyframes are removed from the master timeline
114. egisters Glossary Shadow Dropshadow A title enhancement consisting of a shadow effect along one edge of the title key or along one edge and the bottom of the key Signal to Noise Ratio A measurement of the relative amount of noise present in an audio or video signal SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SMPTE Component Standard A color difference video standard outlined by SMPTE expressed in terms of Y R Y and B Y Soft Edge A wipe pattern edge between two video signals in which the signals dissolve into each other for a soft transition effect Software Computer programs Also see Hardware and Firmware Split Key A key mode in which the key signal and the key video are from different sources Spotlight A highlight effect produced by superimposing a full strength video signal shaped by a wipe pattern over an attenuated darkened signal from the same video source Subcarrier A sine wave signal which is imposed on a video signal as a color reference Subcarrier also forms color burst The frequency of subcarrier is 3 58 MHz in NTSC and 4 43 MHz in PAL Switcher Vision Mixer An electronic device that takes video signals from any of several sources such as cameras VTRs character generators etc to combine video signals and produce video effects Also see Audio Mixer Sync The portion of an encoded video signal which occurs during blanking and is used to synchroniz
115. en 3 register 23 which is the first register in the sequence built above 3 Thesequence will execute Undo Function The UNDO button revokes the most recent E MEM operation To undo an accidental recall press UNDO immediately after the recall The panel setup prior to the recall will be restored You can switch back to the recalled setup again by pressing UNDO a second time Repeated toggling between the two effects is possible To undo a learn press UNDO immediately after the learn The previous contents of the affected register will be restored 4 53 Section 4 Switcher Operations Keyframe Operations 4 54 The switcher can store more than one switcher state a keyframe on each enabled level in a single E MEM register A series of keyframes in an E MEM register is called an effect Once stored in E MEM memory an effect can be recalled and caused to transition run between keyframes either manually or automatically There are two parts to this section The Basic Editing section describes creating storing and modifying keyframes in an E MEM effect The Advanced Editing section describes making changes to keyframes keyframe timeline manipulations keyframe motion and path types and making changes to entire effects Setup m Clearthe switcher see Clearing the Switcher on page 4 4 m Select enable buttons M E 1 and PGM PST on the E MEM Subpanel Basic Editing This procedure will use wipes to demonstra
116. ent Working Buffer for switcher key crosspoints held down Clears any split keys for that key crosspoint part of Key Memory NOTE Enabled level selection is ignored during this operation 6 Toclear a key memory for a key crosspoint and restore the held crosspoint level to the CWB state Hold a key bus crosspoint double press the CLEAR WORK BUFR button NOTE For the operations described in Step 5 and Step 6 above The ENABLES buttons on the E MEM Subpanel are not affected 1 A Double press is defined as pushing the button twice within one second 4 5 Section 4 Switcher Operations Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations M E PVW ME DSK BAN PVW Preview buttons typical 3000 3 slightly different 4 6 A transition is a change from one combination of picture elements to another combination This change can take the form of a cut a mix or a wipe and can be used to switch background scenes or insert or remove a key We will use a Mix Effects bus to demonstrate basic transitions Set up the switcher crosspoint buses as follows for this Transitions subsection 1 2 Using the Preview buttons select M E 1 in order to see the preview or off air source on the Preview monitor Requires the Look Ahead Preview option Background Cut A cut is an instantaneous switch from one picture to another To cut between M E 1 bus A Program and bus B Preset Background bus sources do the fo
117. enu Set DPM 1 Channel 1 Video input 5 Key input 6 On the Config Aux Bus Format Menu 2200 4000 N A Aux 1 4 b are key only 3000 Set Aux Bus 1b for Key On the Config Inputs Map Inputs Menu Set Logical Channel Device 1 and Channel 1 for both video and key set Video Key Format to shaping on or off depending on the output of the external device 4 69 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 70 Effects Send Looping Mode Looping mode takes the output of an M E Keyer sends it to an external DPM then returns the DPM output to the Mix Wipe circuit of the same switcher M E 1 Access the Aux Menu a Usethe PHYS AUX SELECT button to select Aux 1 b Press the EFX LOOP MODE button and select EXT LOOP Select Aux 1 from the row of BUS DELEGATE buttons Select button M E 1 Key 1 from the row of EFFECTS SEND buttons This selects the Keyer output to be sent to the DPM and routes back into the crosspoint selected on M E 1 Key 1 Effects Send Non Looping Mode Non Looping mode takes the output of an M E crosspoint and sends it to an external DPM The DPM output may then be used as an input to the switcher and may be selected on any bus on the control panel 1 Access the Aux Menu a Usethe PHYS AUX SELECT button to select Aux 1 b Press the EFX LOOP MODE button and to select NO LOOP Select button M E 1 Key 1 from the row of EFFECTS SEND buttons This selects the Keyer output to be sent to the DPM Se
118. eo signal which includes black to be keyed into a scene without using a separate key signal If the video is recorded over super black due to the inability to have the key at the same time for later keying the video should be recorded as shaped as there will be no shaping signal key available to modify the edges Key softness key opacity and any transparent drop shadows will be lost This signal can only be separated from the super black level using a luminance keyer with the key clip level set to separate the video fill including black from the super black level Super Black there requires all of the key edges to be hard C 1 Appendix C Super Black Usage A typical use of super black is when a prerecorded element such as a flying logo is to be keyed in at the opening of a show The flying logo is keyed over super black and recorded on tape The VTR must be adjusted to record the super black level and to reproduce it during playback When the logo is to be used at the start of the show the tapeis played and the luminance key clip and gain are adjusted to key the logo into the background scene The key is then activated and the tape played back to produce the flying logo Using the Super Black Output C 2 Super Black may be used for recording a video key signal on a single tape recorder To do this you need to combine both video and key into one signal yet still be able to distinguish between areas where there is no
119. er power is lost E MEM register data will remain intact The following E MEM topics are discussed m Normal or 300 Style Learn or Recall Mode Version 5 1 and later m Basic E MEM m Enables m Storing m Recalling m Effects Dissolves m Sequencing NOTE See Floppy Disk Drive Operations on page 4 77 for how to save and recall E MEM files to and from the floppy disk drive 4 43 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 44 New Operational Mode Available Version 5 1 and later Version 5 1 added a new operational mode to the existing mode on the E MEM system m Normal mode pre existing functionality m 300 Style mode functional only for 3 M E Switchers This mode setting is found in CONFIG USER PREFS E MEM PREFS menu under the MASTER E MEM selection This document discusses the Normal mode operation first then the Model 300 Style mode NOTE If you have a 2 M E Switcher your system operates only in Normal mode Normal Mode In Normal mode on a 2 M E Switcher when you do a Learn or Recall individual M Es are simply levels in the Master E MEM register In Normal mode on a 3 M E Switcher when you do a Learn or Recall the Master E MEM forces all individual enabled M Es to align with the same register that the Master E MEM is pointing to and causes the individual M Es to learn the current Switcher setup into those aligned registers E MEM Effects Memory Operations Learn A Register We will
120. erence manual Crosspoint Bus Crosspoint Bus A crosspoint bus consists of a group of switches called crosspoints each with a different video or key input The row of switches has a common output called a bus The various crosspoint buses on the switcher s control panel make up the Source Select Subpanel the large matrix of buttons that occupies the left 1 3 of the control panel which is used for connecting the video and key input buses to the crosspoint output buses that feed transition and effects circuits The pushbuttons at the intersections between the input buses and the output buses are called crosspoint buttons Crosspoint buses include the following m Aand B background buses and the Key buses on the M Es m PGM Program and PST Preset background buses and the DSK Downstream Keyer bus on the PGM PST DSK section m PVW Preview Mask Aux auxiliary buses The background buses feed the video mixers allowing you to select background sources and do transitions between them The key buses feed the keyers allowing you to set up keys which are also fed to the mixers for keying over the background Lastly the aux buses select signals and send them directly to switcher outputs for feeding external devices such as digital picture manipulators this makes the same inputs that are available to the switcher also available to the external devices 3 5 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Transitions A transition is
121. et correctly there will be a glitch in the video upon entering Effects Send mode Configuring External Interfaces There are four steps in configuring the video path m Aux buses are assigned to DPMs using the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu m Return input connections are configured using the DPM Map Inputs Menu m The mapping of a return connection to a crosspoint is done using the Configuration Map Inputs Menu m The video delay is set using the DPM Setup Menu The system defaults to all aux buses being part of the MISC E MEM level When an aux bus is configured for use with an external DPM its settings are no longer saved in the MISC level but are saved in the relevant DPM level when an E MEM register is learned Information such as aux bus crosspoint selection is learned for each DPM on separate E MEM levels In cases where it is not desirable to have an aux bus selection learned recalled on the MISC level it is possible to configure the aux bus to a DPM level such as DPM 4 and never enable that level An example would be if the aux bus were controlled by a Remote Aux panel DPM Capabilities Fixed and Pooled The characteristics of the DPM are configured in the DPM Setup Menu The first choice to be made is selection of DPM TYPE from KSCOPE KRYSTAL OTHER FIXED or NONE The DPM TYPE of NONE indicates that there is no external DPM device used for the particular DPM level However it can also be used for cases where a
122. etion is automatic If less than 3 numbers are entered complete the entry with the ENTER button The transition rate shown in the rate display near the associated transition controls changes to the new rate Wipe Operations NOTE Steps 6 9 apply only to Models 3000 3 4000 2A and 4000 3 6 7 10 If entering a transition rate for an M E the display queries KEY 1 RATE Use the E MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the KEY 1 transition rate Enter a rate from 0 999 The display queries KEY 2 RATE Use the E MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the KEY 2 transition rate Enter a rate from 0 999 To display the current Key Rates select KEY 1 KEY 2 DSK 1 DSK 2 on the Transition Subpanel then press SHOW KEY on the Keyer DSK Keyer If you decide not to learn a transition you can cancel it by pressing the transition button again Or press ENTER with no entry to select the next rate 4 21 Section 4 Switcher Operations Background and Matte Generator Operations Use the Background and Matte Generator controls to create a number of interesting mattes to serve as effects backgrounds or fills The following topics are covered in this subsection m Matte selection m User Defined Wash m Matte and Texture Menus m Super Black m Secondary Wipe Wash 4 22 Wipe Operations Matte Selection To create a simple background ma
123. ew Preferences Menu NOTE It is important to note that these menu setups affect only the PVW output connectors and the PVW Monitor s PREVIEW PREFS MENU PUSH TO PREVIEW TIMEOUT config user prefs preview prefs 3 secs WE 1 PGM ALLKEYERS 010 g AD O ME 3 PGM OFF PGM PST PGM OFF AUTO ALL KEYERS LOOKAHEAD M E 2 PGM OFF PVW PUSH TO SELECT PVW 2 Press PVW SELECT to select the switcher subsystem for which you which to set the preview options M E 1 M E 2 M E 3 or PGM PST 3 Press the PVW MODE button to select the preview mode desired for the selected switcher subsystem 2 58 Setting User Preferences NOTE The optional M E Preview mezzanine board must be installed in each M E in order to select AUTO and LOOKAHEAD Preview Modes These selections will not be displayed in the menu if the board is not installed The choice of the Preview Mode to be used depends primarily on how many monitors you have per M E and how you wish to use them as illustrated in Figure 2 5 AUTO Use this mode to automatically toggle between the M E PGM and PVW next transition outputs when a single M E monitor is used The monitor displays the M E PVW output when the M E is on air high tally it displays the M E PGM output when it is not on air low tally LOOKAHEAD Use to preview what is going on air next Always shows the next transition of the selected M
124. f CURVE is selected three soft knobs are provided to control the three parameters of the vector These are labeled Tension Continuity and Bias The adjustment of these controls can affect the keyframe path in various ways Interactions between the controls are numerous and each will be described in the following paragraphs You may want to experiment with the interactions by adjusting the controls in small increments In the following examples a physical path is shown between three keyframes The first keyframe KF1 is the upper left square the last keyframe KF3 is the lower right square The adjustments in these examples are applied to the middle keyframe only KF2 B 5 Appendix B Keyframe Facts Path Vectors With respect to the path between keyframes each keyframe is made up of three vector parameters as shown below The soft knob controls act on these vector parameters to adjust the path into entry and out of exit the keyframe The path through KF2 is parallel with an imaginary line drawn between KF1 and KF2 Tension Vector a A Bias Re X Qu A DE F x 1 Wo Continuity Vectors _ p gt KF3 B 6 Keyframe Path Control Tension Control In the example below the keyframes are at right angles so the TENSION control operates on a 45 line drawn through the keyframe This line is referred to as the Tension Vector and is parallel to a line drawn between adjace
125. ff so that they can return from the bottom of the screen to the top to begin another scan Video An electrical signal used to carry visual information Composite video includes sync and blanking signals Noncomposite video does not include sync and blanking Video Key A self key or chroma key in which the fill signal is video from the video key source or a matte from one of the matte generators W Wipe A transition between two video signals that is defined by the shape of a pre selected pattern The movement of the pattern edge is controlled by the Mix Effects lever arm or by an Auto Transition operation As the pattern edge moves one video signal replaces the other Wipe Solid A voltage value in a wipe generator that represents a 3 dimensional geometric shape such as a cone which can be sliced by a comparator to create a circle pattern Wipe Pattern The shape and or rotation of the pattern edge between two video signals in a wipe transition Word Aunit of data which occupies one location in memory and is acted upon as a unit Also see Bit and Byte Y Y The luminance brightness portion of a component video signal Y R Y B Y Y CR CB Aset of color component video signals with separate luminance and chrominance Glossary Index A Auto Setup 4 33 AUTO TRANS 4 9 4 12 Aux Bus Format Menu 2 53 Formatting 2 53 Aux Buses DPM 2 34 Mapping 2 44 Background 4 6 wipe 4 1
126. ffects Background Generator A video generator that produces a solid color output which can be adjusted for hue saturation and luminance The output of the generator is the color background signal applied to a primary input G 1 Glossary Background Transition A transition between signals selected on the PROGRAM and PRESET background buses or A and B Background buses Background Video 1 Video that forms a background scene into which a key may beinserted Background video comes from the PROGRAM and PRESET background buses or from the A and B Background buses in an M E 2 A video output generated by the Background generator within the switcher for use as background video in key effects Back Porch The portion of a video signal that occurs during blanking from the end of sync to the beginning of active video Baud Rate The transmission rate in bytes per second of data between communication devices such as computers modems and or printers BETA Format A color difference video format that uses the Y R Y B Y components Binary Anumbering system based on just two digits 0 and 1 Also see Hex and Octal Bit Binary Digit Asingle unit of information in a storage device Also see Byte and Word Black Ablack video output generated within the switcher and selected by the BLACK pushbuttons on the crosspoint buses and by the PST BLK pushbutton G 2 Blanking 1 The portion of the video sig
127. g the EFF DIS button before selecting a register Note that only the levels that are enabled on the Enables buttons subpanel area will be learned as effects dissolves 1 Press LRN 2 Press EFF DIS 3 Press TRAN RATE The query RATE displays 4 Enter a rate from 0 999 If 1 or 2 numbers are entered press ENTER to complete the rate entry If 3 numbers are used the completion is automatic 5 Enter the desired bank and register number Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 52 E MEM Learn Sequence Operations Sequences made up of a series of learned registers can be easily built using the Learn Sequence mode Learning A Sequence This procedure will make use of effects previously stored in registers 23 through 27 1 Press LRN 2 Press SEQ 3 Press BANK 2 then 3 register 23 4 Enter a 30 frame 1 second pause after the register executes press TRAN RATE for transition rate and 30 followed by ENTER 5 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 for registers 24 27 After each register number you may learn a different transition rate by entering a new transition rate as in Step 4 above 6 Forcean end to the sequence by turning off LRN OR 7 Tocreate a looping sequence select register 23 again to make it the last register in the sequence 8 Press LRN or SEQ again to complete the learn sequence E MEM Effects Memory Operations Play Back the Sequence 1 Press SEQ 2 Press BANK 2 th
128. gnal desired by the external device ON if the video is already shaped but the external device needs a full screen sized picture OFF if the device can accept video that has already been processed by a key signal NOTE The LIMITER selections apply only to the Program output signal LIMITER Turns the output limiter on or off The ON selection allows adjustment of the Program Output characteristics as defined by the soft knob settings Note that the soft knobs are functional only when LIMITER is ON Use the LUM CLIP soft knob to adjust the luminance clipping level of the output signal This clips out luminance levels above the selected threshold The range of the soft knob is from 75 IRE to 138 IRE The default setting is 105 IRE Use the CHROMA CLIP soft knob to adjust the chrominance clipping level of the output signal This clips out chrominance levels above the selected threshold The range of the soft knob is from 80 to 120 The default setting is 10576 Use the COMPOSITE CLIP soft knob to adjust the composite clipping level of the output signal This clips out chrominance and luminance levels above the selected threshold The range of the soft knob is from 75 IRE to 138 IRE The default setting is 138 IRE Use the BLACK CLIP soft knob to adjust the black clipping level of the output signal This clips out luminance levels below the selected threshold The range of the soft knob is from 20 IRE to 0 IRE The default se
129. ground shading does not remain relatively 4 39 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 40 constant then excessive lighting variation may exist You may wish to correct this by adjusting the set lighting If the background luminance is reasonably flat readjust the LUMA background suppression slightly to eliminate shading in the background signal In this mode the foreground signal is not really keyed Instead the suppressed version is added to the keyed background signal producing very natural looking keys especially when keying glass or hair NOTE Some artistic license may be used here back off the LUMA background suppression to add some of the set s lighting variation present in the foreground signal into the background video in essence creating shadows If lighting variations are too great turn on FGD RESHAPE in the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST menu and set the LUMA background suppression on the panel to minimum The LUMA suppression reduces the processed foreground signal toward black in areas of the key and has little visible effect with FGD RESHAPE set to on except at the key edges The appropriate setting depends on relative foreground and background brightness at the edges In this mode the foreground signal is processed by the keying signal which also cuts a hole in the background This mode makes better keys when conditions are not ideal lighting or noise but produces a harder less natural key 7 Examine the
130. he LATCH selection on the User Prefs Menu When NORMAL is selected the SHIFT button stays lit and the bus containing that crosspoint remains in the shifted state after a shifted crosspoint is selected 2 54 Setting User Preferences To Shift Lock a Bus With LATCH enabled on the User Preferences Menu press and hold the SHIFT button while selecting a crosspoint The bus containing that crosspoint is now locked into a shifted state Any crosspoint selected on this bus will now be a shifted crosspoint The SHIFT button light will remain ON while the bus is in this state To Unshift Lock a Bus On a Shift Locked bus Press and hold the SHIFT button Select a crosspoint button The bus is now unshifted and the SHIFT button lamp is OFF NOTE You must press SHIFT plus a crosspoint button in order to revert to the unshifted state Simply pressing SHIFT will not have any effect 2 55 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting Keyer Preferences From the User Preferences Menu press the KEYER PREFS gt button to display the Keyer Preferences Menu KEYER PREFS MENU config user prefs keyer prefs OFF OFF DSK KEY CLEAR DROP MEMORY KEY MEM gt The DSK DROP button allows you to enable or disable DSK Drop mode The KEY MEMORY button allows you to turn on or off the key memory feature The CLEAR KEY MEM button opens the Clear Key Memory Menu which allows you to clear the key
131. he effect you created previously 2 REWIND the effect to keyframe 1 3 With the M E 1 background key still enabled select another wipe pattern and fly it around the monitor 4 PressINSRT BEFOR You have just created a new keyframe 1 The old keyframe 1 is now 2 the old 2 keyframe becomes 3 You get the idea 5 Press GO TO KF Press 3 E MEM Keypad ENTER to go to keyframe 3 6 Repeat Step 3 with yet another wipe pattern 7 Press INSRT AFTER You have just created new keyframe 4 after keyframe 3 Insert A Keyframe when on the path between keyframes Inserting a keyframe on the path means that you are placing a new keyframe somewhere on the timeline between two keyframes The new keyframe is placed at the current time cursor position The duration of the new keyframe is the difference between the insertion point and the next keyframe position The previous keyframe duration is decreased by the same amount The overall effect duration is not changed NOTE You can only INSRT AFTER when adding on the path keyframes INSRT BEFOR is not allowed 1 Display the Keyframe Timeline Menu Recall the keyframe effect you stored in E MEM register 5 2 Note the two keyframes displayed and the overall effect time of 2 00 2 seconds 3 Use the E MEM Run Lever or the Timeline Menu RUN soft knob to position the Time Cursor to time 0 15f between keyframes 1 and 2 4 57
132. idoscope can cause the switcher to select different crosspoints This is the mechanism used to achieve front back switching All control connections have an associated control delay The CONTROL DELAY in the DPM Setup Menu should be set to 6 fields when the DPM TYPE is set to KSCOPE When any other type of DPM is selected as the DPM TYPE aux bus control is performed by the Model 3000 Switcher Peripheral Bus Il Port A3 Only PBusll is used for run control of effects using triggers With current software PBusll triggers are learned into the MISC E MEM level For example when using PBusll as the control connection for a DPM 700 the following should be set in the DPM Setup Menu Configuring External Interfaces PORT ASSIGN NONE CHANNEL ROUTING OFF GPls Both input and output GPIs may be used as triggers as part of the control interface between the DPM and switcher Depending on the nature of the DPM GPIs can be used for effect recall and run control source selection and tally information Configuring the DPM Interface Set up the DPM type video delay control delay port assignment and channel routing for each of up to 4 DPM devices as follows 1 From the External Interface Menu press DPM I F gt to bring up the DPM Setup Menu DPM SETUP MENU EFF SEND DELAY config extern if dpm setup 2 fields EFF SEND CONTROL DELAY DELAY E MEM LEVELS DEVICE 1 DEVOUS PORT A1 2 7 DPM 1 DEVICE2 OTHER FIXED NONE
133. ion Menu press EXTERN I F gt then PERIPHERAL I F gt to bring up the Peripheral Interface Menu PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MENU config extern if peripheral if NOTE The Peripheral Bus port is labelled Port A3 on the rear of the frame electronics ODD EVEN 38400 NONE PERIPHERAL BAUD PARITY TRIGGERS gt 2 Select the baud rate and parity parameters for the Peripheral Bus II port interface by incrementing to the desired settings These should be set to be the same for the Model 3000 and the peripheral device For a DPM 700 set the baud rate to 38400 and parity for NONE 2 49 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Assigning Peripheral Triggers This menu allows you to configure up to eight peripheral triggers for the switcher designated A through H Each trigger is sent to a particular address Device Number on the Peripheral Bus Once configured these triggers can be learned into E MEM effects on MISC or DPM 1 4 levels or fired directly from this menu Refer to the Keyframe Attach Peripheral Trigger Menu description in the Operator s Guide for attaching peripheral triggers to E MEM registers 3 From the Peripheral Interface Menu press PERIPHERAL TRIGGERS to open the Peripheral Triggers Menu PERIPHERAL TRIGGERS MENU DEVICE NUMBER config extern if peripheral if peripheral triggers DEVICE NO FUNCTN NO LEVEL FUNCTION NUMBER 1 4 DPM 1
134. ion button The Preset scene will appear on the Preview monitor 4 Select the WIPE Transition button This selects the wipe mode as the next transition arid delegates the wipe pattern selector to M E 1 s primary wipe 5 Selectany pattern button in the Pattern section If you want to select a menu pattern double press the MENU button in the Pattern section and select a pattern from the display menu that appears with the soft knob 6 To doa wipe transition with the selected pattern move the lever arm between limits The B bus scene will wipe on air as the A bus scene wipes off and the A and B bus crosspoint selections will flip flop swap at the end of each transition Section 4 Switcher Operations 7 As an alternative to using the lever arm you can press AUTO TRANS to do an automatic transition To pause an auto transition in progress press AUTO TRANS again To resume the transition press it a third time You can also start an auto transition and finish with the lever arm or vice versa 8 Experiment with different wipe parameters to create different pattern effects Figure 4 5 Pattern Mix Transition Example 1 4 12 Wipe Operations Most pattern modifiers are located on the Wipe Subpanel Positioning the lever arm to the middle position allows the wipe parameters to be seen as changes are made Wipe Direction Edge Width Border Color Edge Softness Position Select the desired direction
135. ipe Generators and Frame Store Most options are available as circuit board modules to be installed in the Signal Processor Frame Refer to the Model 3000 System Information manual for a complete description of the Signal Processor A main processor HOS or Head Of State and separate M E processors reside within the Signal Processor Frame Since each M E has its own processor failure of one processor may not disable the entire switcher Individual effects can continue to operate independently in a limited capacity Section 1 System Overview Power Supplies Two power supplies are used in the basic Model 3000 system a control panel power supply located in the control panel tub and a 19 rack mount power supply used by the Signal Processor Frame Optional Redundant power supplies are available TP0348 01 INPUTS Video Key AND Signals In CROSS POINTS OUTPUT AND Video Key EXPAN Signals Out SION EFFECTS PROCESSORS EFFECTS LOGIC CONTROLLER HEAD OF STATE PROCESSOR Pointing Device bitpad CONTROL PANEL Signal Processor Frame CONTROL PANEL POWER SUPPLY Frame Control Panel Power Supply Figure 1 1 Simplified Block Diagram of the Model 3000 Switcher Physical Description Control Panel The Control Panel is the operator interface for the Model 3000 system The operator performs all actions via physical buttons and knobs and a
136. is Recalled the Switcher enables are learned with the effect and re established before the effect is recalled m If Auto Recall is ON when the register is Learned and OFF when the register is Recalled the Switcher enables do not change from the current settings m If Auto Recall is OFF when the register is Learned and ON when the register is Recalled all Switcher enables go off m If Effects Dissolve is ON when the register is Learned the Switcher runs the dissolve when the register is recalled whether the Effects Dissolve button is currently ON or OFF 4 47 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 48 1 Clear the switcher See Clearing the Switcher on page 4 4 2 You will need the following sources a Background still b Character generator Basic E MEM Operations The following topics describe enabling register effects storing and recalling effects Effects Dissolve transitions and Learn Sequence operations Enabling E MEM Register Levels The E MEM Enable buttons are used to set up switcher functions which may then be learned or recalled from an E MEM register Each register is partitioned into sections or levels based on the state of the Enable buttons If AUTO RCL Auto Recall is on while an effect is learned the state of the Enable buttons is learned as part of the effect Turn AUTO RCL off to not learn the enables for an effect Refer to your Operator s Reference Control Panel Descriptions Effec
137. isk Frame One complete video picture consisting of two interleaved fields In the NTSC system one frame makes up a complete TV scanning cycle 1 30th of a second In the PAL system two frames at 1 25th of a second are required to make up a complete TV scanning cycle Frame hardware The metal cabinet which contains the switcher s circuit boards Frame Lock Synchronization of the video signal with a time code G 6 Freeze Frame The recording or storage of a single frame of video Front Porch The portion of the video signal that occurs during blanking and extends from the end of active video to the beginning of sync G Gain An amplification adjustment of the key source attribute chrominance hue luminance etc to be used for keying The GAIN control affects the sharpness of the key edge Generation The number of times removed a dupe is from the original videotaped material A copy of the original is a second generation tape and so on GPI General Purpose Interface An electronic device containing several electronic switches that can be activated by a remote data signal GPIs allow the editing system to control various remote components Gray Scale Range of luminance levels from black to white H Halo Border A soft wipe pattern border which is mixed with different softness on each of the two edges to give a halo effect Hard Copy A print out on paper of data contained on another mediu
138. ister number Select one of the ten register pushbuttons 0 9 The button will light and the current panel setup will be learned for later recall After the learn the LEARN button lamp turns off SHORTCUT LEARN dot automatically puts the effect into the next empty register Recalling an Effect 1 2 Turn off the LEARN button if it is lit Select BANK 7 and 0 through 9 This step is optional if the bank that you want is already selected Select the register pushbutton 0 9 containing the previously stored panel setup The panel setup stored in the register will immediately be recalled Observe the recalled effect on the Program monitor NOTE The E MEM system learns and recalls the switcher controls but does not cue the video and key sources serving as inputs to the switcher When you recall an effect you may need to cue your sources to exactly duplicate the picture that existed when the effect was learned E MEM Effects Memory Operations Learning Effects Dissolve Transitions The EFF DIS effects dissolve function causes an S linear transition from the current state to the next recalled register The current state may be a setup you have just done on the control panel or the state resulting from a register recall An effects dissolve may be learned into a register so that recalling that register will initiate a dissolve to another specified register or may be added to a register by lightin
139. ital res C9 33 36 SERIAL 10 BITS 8 BITS 10 BITS 10 BITS C10 37 40 ANALOG C11 41 44 ANALOG C12 45 48 SERIAL 10 BITS 8 BITS 10 BITS 8 BITS C13 49 52 PARALLEL 8 BITS 10 BITS 10 BITS 8 BITS C14 53 56 SERIAL 10 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 10 BITS C15 57 60 NO BOARD C16 61 64 SERIAL 10 BITS 10 BITS 10 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 8 BITS 9 TO 16 C14 I 0BITS 10BITS GROUP CARD INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT SELECT SELECT 53 54 55 56 2 To set the digital resolution of a particular input select the group of input cards with the GROUP SELECT button In the example above Input Module 14 representing inputs 53 through 56 is selected Press the CARD SELECT button to select the desired input module within the group previously selected Note that the analog input modules and any input module slots that have no board are skipped as the CARD SELECT button is pressed 3 Setthe input digital resolution to either 8 BIT or 10 BIT for each of the four selected digital inputs 4 Repeatsteps 2 through 4 until all digital inputs have been configured 5 Press the EXIT button to return to the Inputs Menu Configuring Inputs Configuring External Key Sync 1 From the Inputs Menu press the EXT KEY SYNC gt button to select the External Key Sync Menu EXT KEY SYNC MENU MANUAL TIME M FOR INPUT 53 config inputs ext key sync 0 clocks MANUAL TIME FOR
140. itching matrices Matte An internally generated flat color signal which is adjustable for luminance hue and saturation Mattes may be used to fill areas of keys and borders Matte Key A key effect which employs a matte as the fill signal Glossary M E An abbreviation for mix effects Mix Dissolve Crossfade A transition between two video signals in which one signal is faded down as the other is faded up or in which one signal is faded in or out over the other Mix Effects M E Anelectronic system capable of processing video signals with other video or control signals Mix to Pattern Limit A transition limit in which the pattern edge between two video signals is set up with a lever arm and stored in microprocessor memory Mixer Acontrol circuit in which two or more input video signals are multiplied with one or more non video control signals Modem A device that converts signals from a form compatible with data processing equipment to a form compatible with transmission facilities such a telephone lines and vice versa Monitor A device used for viewing video signals Multiplier An electronic control circuit the output of which is the product of a video input and a control input or the product of two control signal inputs N NAB National Association of Broadcasters Nanosecond ns One billionth of a second Noise Interference present in a video or audio signal Non Additive Mix
141. kground with Key and Fill Inserted Figure 3 3 Luminance Key Example To use an example suppose you want to insert a green logo into some background video You could print the logo in white on black paper and then focus a camera on it You can then apply the signal from the camera to the switcher s keyer where it will be used as a key signal Next you can select a green matte video to apply to the keyer as the fill video Keys When the clip is set properly the keyer will ignore the black paper and use only the white logo shape to cut a hole in the background video Then it will fill the logo shaped hole with green matte video This creates a green logo inserted into the background In actuality this method of keying is seldom used anymore Instead a graphics system generates the key and fill video but the same concepts apply Luminance keyers also include a gain control which sets the sharpness of the transition from one picture to another at the key s edge high gain yields a sharp edge and low gain yields a soft edge that mixes the fill and background video In addition the keyers include an S shaping function that prevents the transition at the key edge from becoming too sharp and creating what appears to be a band or line around the key The CLIP and GAIN controls on the Keyer Subpanels can be changed to control foreground clip and background clip In that case the controls independently adjust the transition edges of the
142. l This indicates a dead lever arm Simply move the lever arm to either limit to clear the arrows and regain lever arm control 4 9 Section 4 Switcher Operations Starting Video Midway Transition Ending Video Figure 4 4 Background Mix Dissolve Transition 4 10 EFF SEND Wipe Operations Wipe Operations The wipe usually signals the end of one scene and the beginning of another A wipe is a transition between two video signals that takes the shape of a pattern The effect is that of one picture pushing the other off the screen Background Wipe TRANSITION EFF EFF EFF SEND SEND SEND BKGD BKGD KEY KEY KEY B A 1 2 PRIOR ON ON ON ON LAYERED OVER OVER PST WIPE BLK 4888 Part of Transition Subpanel Emm PE i user user 3 4 user user 5 6 lt Ar Zh 00 tE user LEARN MENU RANDOM Irexrume wipe USER UNDO wipe Part of Wipe Subpanel A background wipe Figure 4 5 uses a pattern to transition from one picture to another To wipe between M E 1 A and B bus sources 1 Select Source 1 on the A bus background crosspoint row 2 Select Source 2 on the B bus background crosspoint row 3 Select the BKGD A Transit
143. l Channel Pool Switcher EDU T fer Aux 1 TI HP zi T e 7 Ax 2 Et HE EE EIE dorm bk Aux 3 EIE E EI AGE Aux 5 HM Jl Aux 6 Aux 7 Logical 2 ie Logical Channel Channel 1 5 Logical Logi Logical gical Channel Channel Channel To Other Suites NE ao Kaleidoscope Aux Bus Outputs Logical Channels From Other Suites Figure 2 4 Example of Connections Using an External Router 2 39 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 40 Control Connections Three forms of control connection to the DPMs are supported These are m CPL Control Point Language m PBusll Peripheral Bus II m GPIs Control Point Language CPL is the communication protocol used to couple the switcher with Kaleidoscope or Krystal One of its uses is to convey the physical to logical channel mapping information described previously It is also used for run control of effects aux bus selection including front back switching and tally When DPM TYPE is set to KSCOPE in the DPM Setup Menu CPL is automatically invoked PORT ASSIGN must be set to the port to which the serial cable is connected PORT A1 Also when KSCOPE is selected as the DPM TYPE aux bus control is automatically assigned to Kaleidoscope With Kaleidoscope controlling the aux buses when a source button is selected on the Kaleidoscope panel that source button is also selected on the switcher for that aux bus and vice versa So an effect running on Kale
144. l video Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaped Video Fill video that has been multiplied by a key signal to produce a raster image to be inserted into a key hole cut in background video by the same key signal An example of shaped video is the fill video output of a character generator which consists of characters on a black matte Unshaped Video Previously shaped fill or composited video that has been unshaped by an unshaping processor which divides the video by the key signal The Model 2200 3000 and 4000 switchers as well as some Digital Picture Manipulators DPMs have selectable unshaping circuits on their outputs Non Shaped Video Any full raster full screen video that has not previously been processed by a key signal This is also sometimes loosely defined as Unshaped Video Video sources from devices such as cameras are usually full raster video and thus are non shaped These sources are not usually accompanied by key signals Input Shaped and Unshaped Video A 2 Video coming into a switcher may or may not already be shaped depending upon its source In the Model 2200 3000 and 4000 switchers provision is made in the Configuration menu to define whether the source video for each video input is shaped or unshaped This is what tells the switcher how to process the signal If you incorrectly identify the type of video in the Configuration menu that is if you select shaped when you sh
145. ld storage mode and four field storage mode 4 field mode stores 2 images 2 field mode stores 4 images Not all of the Frame Store functions are available in four field mode but this mode produces the highest quality video since there is no decode encode processing Frame Store Operations Option Grab Mode The Grab feature updates frame store with new input data and freezes the new data If freeze is off moving video is coming out of the frame store pressing the GRAB button turns on freeze You can then press the FRZE button to turn freeze off If freeze is on and GRAB is pressed frame store is unfrozen for two fields and then frozen again It holds two fields as it updates the other two Layering is possible when frame store is used as a background input on an M E and that M E is fed into the frame store Dropshadow Mode Dropshadow mode is functional with only primary video inputs that have an associated linear key signal or an M E in layered mode Clip and gain adjustments are not available Dropshadow mode does not reduce the bandwidth of the key channel If you use a source that does not have an associated key signal the Dropshadow Mode produces a full raster key signal 4x3 aspect ratio Drop Shadow is added to the key signal the video output is unaffected Therefore the Frame Store video and key must be composited on top of another layer in order to see the dropshadow The OPACITY control adjusts the density
146. lect Aux 1 from the row of BUS DELEGATE buttons The DPM output is now routed to the mapped crosspoint you mapped in Setup Select Aux Bus 2 on the row of Bus Delegate buttons and select M E 1 Key 1 as the source Frame Store Operations Option Frame Store Operations Option Setup The Frame Store function provides the ability to separately freeze and store video and key signals to use in building effects The Model 3000 can also store Mask signals In addition the Drop Shadow feature lets you produce a positionable drop shadow when using Frame Store with a key source Other video enhancements include Mosaic Pseudo Color Filter Crop and Repositioning m Clear the switcher See Clearing the Switcher on page 4 4 m Map video and key store inputs to Aux Bus No 4 m Map video store to crosspoint 2 video and map key store to crosspoint 2 key m Optional map key store to the video input of crosspoint 3 in order to view the key store Output Routing Video and key outputs from the frame store are routed to the switcher crosspoint matrix and may be used as primary switcher inputs The video and key outputs are also routed to an output module for use by external devices If the frame store is not in Freeze mode its output is delayed by 2 fields from its input Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 72 Still Image Storage Video and key can be frozen either separately or simultaneously through
147. level has its own timeline Master Timeline The top timeline in the Timeline Menu which is a composite of the timelines of all enabled levels All time positions of the effect are referenced to the Master Timeline and all editing rules are based on the Master Timeline Current Time The time position of the Time Cursor on the Master Timeline of the effect Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing Timeline Menu The following is a simple example of a Timeline Menu TIMELINE MENU gt RunCursor 1 00 KF 2 KF editing enabled Register 8 2 Keyframes Duration 1 00 Master Timeline M E 1 M E 2 M E 3 PGM PST SELECT Sees 77A M74 ee Mop ALL DELEGATES pause TIME ALIGN ET ABSOLUTE WIV NO PAUSE LEVELS START TIME ETXNEN KETTEN KETTEN _PGM PST_ EC _BKGD_ msc Dmi Dm2 DM3 DPM 4 LAST PAN ZOOM The appearance of this menu depends upon the following which levels are enabled and which are delegated on the E MEM Enables panel the contents of the currently selected E MEM register and the position of the Time Cursor on the timeline The effect editing mode must be enabled in the menus and the individual E MEM levels must be enabled and or delegated on the E MEM panel before keyframes can be added or modified Any keyframe that is present on an enabled E MEM level is represented as a keyframe on the Master Timeline All editing rules are based on the
148. ll enabled levels All effect time positions are referenced to the Master Timeline The Master Timeline has its own Time Cursor Note that only the Master Timeline has numbered keyframes For more information on Timelines refer to Appendix B Keyframe Facts Run through the following steps to see how to manipulate timelines 1 Recall the previous effect from the E MEM register Display the Timeline Menu The display shows the current position in the effect A cursor called the time cursor shows the current time position Keyframe Operations 2 3 To change the duration of keyframe 1 Position the cursor at keyframe 1 Press KF DUR Enter a new time of 3 seconds press 3 on the E MEM Keypad Press ENTER c Press MOD To change the duration within an effect not on a keyframe Press GO TO TIME On the E MEM Keypad enter a time of 2 seconds 15 frames and 1 field Type 2 dot 15 dot 1 ENTER You can enter times in seconds frames and fields or just frames Both frame and field numbers must be preceded by the dot If you entered the above time the LED readout would indicate 002 15 1 Setting and Adjusting Start Times Timelines can be moved in relationship with each other by changing the start time of one timeline 1 2 Recall a multiple level effect using M E 1 and M E 2 Select Delegates Mode on the Keyframe Menu Undelegate M E 1 by pressing its level ena
149. ll keyframes on a single level For example you could change the background color from green to blue in all keyframes on a level The effect of the Mod operation on each individual level depends on whether the Time Cursor is on a keyframe or on the path on that level and whether changes have been made on that level On delegated levels that are on a keyframe modification of the keyframe occurs if something has changed On delegated levels that are not on a keyframe an insert on the path is done if something has changed 4 59 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 60 1 Goto the keyframe you want to change 2 Make the changes NOTE There is no UNDO for MOD 3 Press MOD once for a single keyframe change a Press MOD twice to make the same changes on all keyframes in the effect b Press MOD ALL ABSOLUTE Keyframe Menu to change all parameters for all keyframes on a single level Working With Keyframe Timelines The Timeline Menu displays the keyframes and keyframe durations for each enabled level in the selected E MEM register Each keyframe is entered with a default duration time of one second Each level M E 1 M E 2 etc has its own timeline and its own Time Cursor A Master Timeline is displayed as the top timeline in the menu If there is only one keyframe in the effect the single keyframe and the Master Timeline are one and the same The Master Timeline is a composite of the timelines of a
150. llowing 1 Select M E 1 on the E MEM Subpanel Press CWB twice 2 Select Source 1 on the A bus background crosspoint row Source 1 s video should now be seen on the PGM monitor 3 Select Source 2 on the B bus background crosspoint row If you have the Look Ahead Preview option set up for Look Ahead mode Source 2 should now appear on the Preview monitor NOTE To ensure that Preview Mode is set to Lookahead access the Config User Prefs Preview Prefs Menu Set PYW MODE on M E 1 to LOOK AHEAD Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations TRANSITION EFF EFF EFF EFF SEND SEND SEND SEND BKGD BKGD KEY KEY KEY B A 1 2 PRIOR ON ON ON ON LAYERED OVER OVER PST MIX WIPE BLK AUTO IRAN Select the M E 1 BKGD A Transition button Only the B Bus scene will appear on the Preview monitor All key ON lights on the transition panel should be out if the CWB state was recalled correctly Press the M E 1 CUT Transition button The B bus scene will immediately switch on air and the A and B crosspoint selections will flip flop swap See Figure 4 3 You can also do a hot cut without Preview at any time by simply selecting a new PGM bus crosspoint This does not allow for the previewing of the source prior to the cut taking place 4 7 Section 4 Switcher Operations Starting On Air Picture Ending On Air Picture Figure 4 3 Background Cut 4 8 Transitions Mix Effects
151. lor in a scene and replace it with new background video A typical application is to position a reporter in front of a blue wall and set up a chroma key to replace the blue wall with a weather map Given a well lit and well composed chroma key scene the high quality chroma keyer used in the switcher can produce a clean and natural looking key with smooth edges and realistic shadows even when the chroma key scene contains smoke glass or liquids Creating a chroma key is especially easy with the Chroma Key Auto Setup feature This feature automatically sets up the key when you identify the background color In addition the Chroma Key Menu and submenus give you the ability to make many manual adjustments for fine tuning the key Figure 4 11 Chroma Key Background 4 33 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 34 Figure 4 12 Chroma Key Foreground Blue Auto Chroma Keying Procedure Chroma Keyer setup involves a number of interactive adjustments Understanding the Auto Keying procedure significantly increases the quality of the keys produced The studio setting has a major impact on the ability to produce a natural looking key m Lighting on the background should be as flat as possible m The background itself should be a highly saturated color Attempting to key off of pastel colors produces an unacceptable key m Minimize background reflections onto the foreground subject as much as possible Distance fro
152. lows storage and retrieval of images at a resolution of 10 bits Either two two field pictures and keys or one four field picture and key can be frozen in the Frame Store A two field mask store is also provided Effects Send provides a method of integrating digital effects devices into the switcher mix effects system Up to four send channels can be used to route the video and key from an M E to and from an external digital effects system 1 19 Section 1 System Overview 1 20 Tally Output The Tally Relay module provides tally outputs that reflect the switcher status A rear panel interconnect board provides the relay contacts at two connectors for on air Tally A and on air Tally B Pin outs for the Tally connectors are given in the Installation section of the System Information manual Tally Expansion The Tally Expansion Option increases the number of tally outputs from the Model 3000 Switcher An unlimited number of Tally Expansion frames each with up to three tally modules can be added to the switcher Remote Auxiliary Bus Control Panels Three models of Remote Aux Control Panels are available for controlling your switcher auxiliary buses from a remote location The one and two RU panels each control a single aux bus the three RU panel provides delegated control of any number of aux buses Chroma Key Auto Setup The Chroma Key Auto Setup option is a software option that automatically sets up a chroma key when yo
153. lusive If you use the Super Black matte to generate your Super Black output you should not turn on Super Black on the corresponding output module or vice versa C 3 Appendix C Super Black C4 In the Model 3000 4000 and 2200 Switchers there are two ways to produce Super Black First Method This is the traditional Key over a Super Black Matte Mode With this method you use one of the background matte generators as a Super Black generator NOTE When Super Black is enabled the panel controls for that matte generator are non functional To seta matte to Super Black use the Matte menu to turn on Super Black for the appropriate background generator This produces a flat matte with a Super Black Value that has a range from System Black to 20 IRE as set in the System Parameters menu For instance if you want to produce a Super Black output on an M E you can turn on Key 1 and put it over the Super Black matte on Background A Now the video output of the M E has both Video and Key information This has the disadvantage that you have to use one layer as the Super Black generator however it is possible to lay up to eight layers at a time to tape using this method Second Method This method produces Super Black utilizing a feature built into the output modules that allows mixing the video output and the Super Black Value with the corresponding key output To use this method to derive your Super Black out
154. m such as a monitor or disk Glossary Hard Disk An electronic device which is capable of storing large amounts of data and programs for retrieval and use by a computer Also see Floppy Disk Hardware The electric electronic and mechanical equipment used to perform the tasks controlled by a computer Also see Firmware and Software Head An electromagnetic device that reads writes or erases information in a storage medium Hex hexidecimal A numerical notation system using a base of 16 Also see Binary and Octal House Sync The synchronous signal generated in the studio for use as a reference for other timing signals Hue The attribute of light wavelength frequency which determines the color perceived red blue green etc Specified by phase relationship to color burst in composite video Any saturated color which is not one of the three primaries may be treated as a combination of two primaries Insert Key A key in which a portion of the background signal is replaced with an insert fill signal Interrupt A special control signal which informs the CPU that its attention is needed for some type of exception processing J Jog The process of moving a videotape forward or backward at a variable rate of speed K Key 1 An effect in which a portion of the background video picture is replaced by another picture or caption 2 The signal which is used to pass or block portions of the
155. m the background and a backlight can be a big help m Ifobvious improvements can be made easily make changes to the set and lighting before adjusting the Chroma Keyer Chroma Keying Operations Figure 4 13 Chroma Key Composite The Chroma Keyer accommodates a wide range of scenes and conditions Very lifelike keys can be obtained with a well planned chroma key set Usable keys can also be obtained when conditions are less than optimal by compromising edge softness Many of the Keyer controls affect the image in subtle unexpected ways and many adjustments can easily be overdone The following steps prepare the switcher so that you can setup a key NOTE Chroma Keyer setup can be made easier if waveform and vector monitors are available 1 Monitor the key you wish to setup on the switcher s Program or Preview output Only the Preview Bus allows you to look at the key signal using the Keyer panel s SHOW KEY button 4 35 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 36 2 Selectthe source to be use as the foreground signal on that Keyer and select Chroma Key mode 3 Selecta neutral gray as the initial background signal These adjustments can either be made manually or via an automatic setup mechanism To use the Auto Setup continue with the following text to use the Manual Adjustment procedure refer to page 4 37 NOTE All knobs on the Switcher panel incorporate acceleration logic that means the speed you
156. me on each enabled E MEM level B 1 Appendix B Keyframe Facts B 2 If the keyframes occur at different points in time on the various enabled E MEM levels it is possible that the keyframe durations on the Master Timeline will not match any of the individual E MEM keyframe durations The Master Timeline provides consistency so that when editing across multiple E MEM levels the relative keyframe positioning is maintained That is an Insert or Paste operation will increase the effect duration of all E MEM timelines by the same amount and all keyframes occurring after the insert point will ripple or slide out in time by the same duration A Cut operation will delete the same amount of time from each E MEM level timeline and all subsequent keyframes will ripple or slide inward in time by the same duration Whenever the state of the Enabled E MEM levels changes the Master Timeline is updated to reflect those changes Enables and Delegates Enables and Delegates The E MEM system is divided into functional levels Some or all of the levels contribute to the overall look of a given effect Those levels must run in sync with each other in order for the effect to look right When an effect is run from the E MEM panel all levels which contribute to the effect must be enabled All enabled levels will respond to run commands from the E MEM panel When an effect is created keyframes could be inserted on all enabl
157. mputer program or routine Accumulating Latch Electronic circuitry that allows several signals to be latched on at the same time and then combined to produce a compound effect Active Video The portion of a video signal that contains picture information Array A series of like items arranged in an intersecting pattern such as a RAM array ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange Aspect The ratio between the width and the height of an object such as a wipe pattern or a video screen Assembly A major part of a system that consists of more than one component For example the main control panel is an assembly within the Model 3000 Switcher Also see Component and System Asynchronous A mode of computer operation where the CPU immediately 5 Glossary begins a new task upon completion of the previous task Also see Synchronous Audio Mixer An electronic device that takes audio signals from any of several sources such as microphones tape recorders etc to produce audio effects Also see Switcher Video Auto Transition A smooth or linear electronically produced transition made by pressing a pushbutton AUTO TRAN instead of moving a lever arm B Y The designator used to describe the Blue minus Luminance color portion of a component video signal Background Color Suppression BCS A chroma key feature which enhances the appearance of chroma keys by suppressing unwanted halo e
158. n appear in the table in the display The following functions are available for assignment MISC Enables selection of the Aux Tally Back function or allows the selected GPI input to be disabled AUX TALLY Allows an external device to control the aux bus tally level high or low The AUX BUS soft knob selects the appropriate aux bus DISABLE GPI Causes any signal applied to the selected GPI input to be ignored KF EFFECT Enables selection of the Keyframe GPI function The following functions may be triggered with GPI pulses RUN REWIND AUTO RUN and REVERSE Configuring Inputs AUTO TRANS Enables selection of the Auto Transition GPI function The following transitions may be triggered with GPI pulses M E 1 M E 2 M E 3 F F and F F PST BLK CUT Enables selection of the Cut GPI function The following cuts may be triggered by the GPI ME 1 M E 2 M E 3 and F F E MEM Enables selection of the E MEM GPI function The following E MEM functions may be triggered by the GPI RECALL M E 1 RECALL M E 2 RECALL M E 3 RECALL MSTR AUTO RECALL EFX DISSOLV and SEQUENCE The REGISTER soft knob selects the register for E MEM recalls FRAME STORE Enables selection of the Frame Store GPI function Triggered functions are as follows VIDEO GRAB KEY GRAB and MASK GRAB 2 25 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Configuring Outputs The signal formats of the Model 3000 output m
159. n the Transition Subpanel Then pressing the CUT button cuts to black while AUTO TRANS or a Lever Arm transition will do either a mix or wipe to black depending on the delegation status on the Transition Subpanel The transition to black takes precedence over the entire output of the M E Therefore everything will go to black regardless of panel delegation When black is reached it is automatically selected on the A Bus regardless of which crosspoint button it is mapped to If itis not mapped all buttons will be unlit To transition from black 1 Make a transition using cut mix or wipe OR 2 Cuttoa new source on the A Bus NOTE If you cut on the A Bus any keys that would have transitioned ON are dropped 4 19 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 20 Setting Transition Rates You can adjust the transition rate for an auto transition or Key mix DSK mix on the 4000 2B using any rate from 1 to 999 frames 1 Inthe E MEM Subpanel select TRAN RATE The query SET WHICH RATE displays 2 Delegate to the Transition subpanel that you want to set an auto transition rate for by pressing M E 1 ME 2 PGM PST or DSK You can change all at once by pressing ENABL ALL 3 The display queries RATE 4 Usethe E MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the transition rate Enter a rate from 0 through 999 5 Press ENTER to complete the rate entry If3 numbers are used the compl
160. nal during which the picture is shut off to keep the screen dark during vertical and horizontal retrace 2 A standard signal from a television sync generator used to create blanking in video Blanking Processor A circuit which strips blanking and sync from the source video and replaces it with blanking and sync from a reference source Boot The process of loading a computer operating system for use usually automatically upon power up or manually by pushbutton Border A title enhancement in which a matte is added around the holes cut by the key signal Borderline A GVG electronic system which produces a border around a title an outline of the title a shadow alongside the title or an extrusion of the title Brightness The relative intensity of light determined by the sum of responses of the eye to the component wavelengths Buffer An isolating component used to eliminate the loading of a driving circuit by the circuit s being driven Bus Acircuit which provides a path for the transfer of information from any of several sources to any of several destinations Bus Master The device currently in control of the bus in a system where Glossary control is shared between the CPU and one or more other devices Byte Asequence of bits operated on in parallel as a unit The number of bits per byte is determined by the design of the computing device usually 8 16 or 32 Also see Bit and Word C
161. nals to the external device There are two ways to use Effects Send Looping Mode and Non Looping Mode Both methods are described and demonstrated below Refer to your Operator s Reference Section 2 Preview Aux Bus Source Select and Delegate Subpanel for more information NOTE The A and B Keyers BKGD A and BKGD B buttons selected on the Keyer Subpanel are only available for Effects Send when the MEE is in Layered Mode m Clear the switcher see Clearing the Switcher on page 4 4 m Connect Auxiliary Bus 1 video and key outputs from the switcher Serial Output Module as follows m 2200 Serial Output 3 outputs labeled J5 video and J7 video key m 3000 Aux 1 outputs labeled A video and B video and key m 4000 Serial Output 3 outputs labeled J1 video and J3 video key Effects Send Operations Option Connect these Aux Bus outputs to the DPM inputs Connect the DPM outputs to switcher primary inputs numbered J7 and J8 of the Serial Input Module Map the DPM Inputs DPM Map Inputs Menu On the Config Map Inputs Menu Map DPM 1 Channel 1 video and Key to crosspoints numbered 5 and 6 respectively Set up the DPM configurations On the Config External Interface DPM Setup Menu DPM 1 TypezNone Port Assign None Channel Routing Off Set Video Delay to 2 fields Control Delay to 6 fields On the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu Set DPM 1 for 1 channel and Aux Bus 1 On the DPM Map Inputs M
162. nd Unshaped Video Output Shaped and Unshaped Video In addition to the input shaped unshaped selections the switchers have output selections that allow you to set the switcher output for either shaped or unshaped fill video Shaped video is the preferred setting if the designation device can accept it NOTE Theoutput shaped unshaped selections for the Aux Buses apply only to the Aux 1 through Aux 4 outputs Aux 1 and Aux 2 on the 2200 and only if the Effects Send option is present Without the shaper and unshaper circuitry on the Effects Send module the aux bus outputs simply pass whatever signal is present either shaped or unshaped For the Model 3000 1 Pressthe CONFG button on the switcher s main menu panel then the OUTPUTS soft button in the Configuration menu to bring up the Outputs menu shown in Figure A 12 2 Setthe VIDEO KEY FMT selections for Program Out and Aux Buses 1 through 4 to match the characteristic SHAPED or UNSHAPED expected by the external devices connected to those outputs These settings control the states of the unshapers on the PGM and Aux Bus outputs NOTE Since the process of unshaping the video signal results in dividing the video signal by its key level errors especially around black may produce extreme signal levels where the key is at or near zero Kaleidoscope ignores these extraneous signals but they may cause problems with other video devices that have sync separators or clamps
163. ndary Wipe Generator 1 18 Set Clock Menu Date 2 12 Time 2 13 Setup On Key 2 26 Menu 2 18 Setup System 2 7 Shaped and Unshaped Video installation A 16 output A 13 Shaped and Unshaped video configuring A 3 Shaped Video 2 20 A 1 definition A 1 Signal Processor Description 1 5 Signal Outputs 1 11 SOFTNESS 4 13 Software Version Number Identifying 2 4 S shaping 3 11 Standard Features 1 3 Starting Conditions 4 2 Status Menu 2 3 Super Black C 1 Definition C 1 Superblack Advantages C 2 Drawbacks C 2 Generating C 3 to C 5 Output C2 Output Level 2 11 Output On Off 2 26 Switcher Enabling 2 70 Input Routing 2 36 Output Routing 2 36 Switcher Output Timing 2 28 System Configuration 2 7 Defaults 2 63 Status 2 3 System Defaults Restoring 2 63 System Overview 1 2 System Parameters Menu 2 10 T Tally Expansion Option 1 20 Tally Relay Module 1 20 Time 2 13 Time Cursor 3 25 Timeline Index 7 Index Master 4 60 X pan 4 62 start times 4 61 XMITABL 2 11 zoom 4 62 Transitions 4 6 4 28 definition 3 6 U Unshaped 2 20 Video 2 27 Unshaped Video A 1 definition A 1 Upper Boards Menu 2 5 User Defined Default 2 2 Buffer 3 2 User Preferences 2 54 2 55 Menu 2 54 V VALID RGB 2 11 Video Flow Diagram 1 17 frozen image 3 30 Inputs 1 9 Outputs 1 11 Processing Description 1 14 Shaped 2 20 Unshaped 2 20 2 27 W WIDTH 4 13 Wipe background 4 11 definition 3 8 transition 4 28 Index 8
164. ne the Cut would remove the duration of the current keyframe on the Master Timeline and shorten the delegated timeline by that amount NOTE Be sure the level is not locked on the E MEM register when doing cuts and pastes 4 63 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 64 With software version 5 2 and later if the cursor on any delegated level is not on a keyframe the Cut function is disabled This is indicated by the lamp being out in the Cut pushbutton You can copy a keyframe without changing the effect with the COPY button The copied keyframe may be inserted at any point in the current effect or any other effect with the PASTE button If pasted on a keyframe the paste operation is performed as an INSRT AFTER As keyframes are added or deleted from an effect the total effect time duration changes That is adding adds time to the effect and deleting subtracts time from the effect To practice these three functions 1 Recall an effect with 4 keyframes 2 Press GO TO KF 1 ENTER Press COPY 3 Press GO TO KF 4 ENTER Press PASTE Note that there are now a total of 5 keyframes in the effect 4 Rewind and run the effect Note that the first and last keyframes are identical 5 Press GO TO KF 4 ENTER Press CUT 6 Rewind and run the effect Note that the effect is now back to its original form and there are four keyframes total Keyframe Operations Effects Editing with Get and Put Use Get and
165. ne Red boa Relea a ed e aE ds zu System latus ueber eie RO Ree ter e e Glace Hee 2 3 DOLLWALC Set p sierica piaia reds eaa d uad iaces ritu es Z4 The Configuration Menu sss 27 Setting System Parameters i aesesse niknie eens 2 10 Setting the System Clock os ere ecerade ane naai eka a i 2 12 Configuring Inputs cesses eese ener petine erm nana 2 14 Setting Input Digital Resolution eeeeeeeeeeeese 2 16 Configuring External Key Sync sssssseessssss 2 17 Configuring Key Setup 0 eee eens 2 18 Mapping Crosspoints 6 eens 2 19 Formatting Chroma Key Inputs 600s eee eens 2 22 Assigning GPI Inputs sspe isei eoi saaa e n 2 23 Configuring Outputs cicer eR qa n PIE pU EE E Rd 2 26 Setting Switcher Output Timing 0 cece eee 2 28 Setting Output Digital Resolution 000s 2 30 Configuring External Interfaces 0 006 c eee eee 2 32 Setting Editor Port Parameters 6c rrara 2 33 Configuring a DPM oc ete eee e e RR nae 2 34 Video Connection Aux Buses and Return Inputs 2 34 DPM Capabilities Fixed and Pooled 4 2 35 Contents Control Connections ecseri se neia ei a aie 2 40 Configuring the DPM Interface slssssssses 2 4 For Kaleidoscope ssssseseeeeeee 2 42 Fora DPM Z00 trece Eee Rte Reeve 2 42 Por DVEOUS ik e rA RARIOR UE Pede Rei RE Rete 2 43
166. nt keyframes see illustration The TENSION soft knob controls the length of the tension vector At a Tension setting of 0 this imaginary line extends an equal distance into and out of the keyframe and the path through the middle keyframe is curved The unmodified KF2 is said to have a correction value of 0 see Example 1 Example 1 _ Tension Vector Tension 0 0 KF3 B 7 Appendix B Keyframe Facts B 8 In Example 2 the TENSION control is increased to 1 00 so that the Tension vector is shortened to non existence through KF2 The path enters and leaves the middle keyframe in a straight line as it takes on an S Linear motion decelerating as it enters the middle keyframe and accelerating as it leaves Example 2 No Tension Vector KF1 KF2 Tension 1 0 KF3 Keyframe Path Control In Example 3 the TENSION control has been set to 1 00 This produces an effect of lengthening the Tension vector causing the path through the middle keyframe to be longer and broader The longer path will appear to make the image speed up through KF2 as it travels from KF1 to KF3 Example 3 _ Tension Vector KF1 KF2 Tension 1 0 KF3 B 9 Appendix B Keyframe Facts Continuity Control The continuity adjustment determines the angle of the path into and out of the keyframe It is represented by vectors at 90 degrees t
167. o each as shown in Example 4 Example 4 Continuity Vectors KF1 Continuity 0 0 KF3 The unmodified path shown above is identical to the unmodified path of the other controls B 10 Keyframe Path Control With continuity set to 1 00 the entry path through the keyframe is pulled to point at the following keyframe or exit path The effect of 1 00 continuity is that of motion dropping into and then out of the keyframe similar to a bouncing ball see Example 5 Example 5 KF1 gt KF2 Continuity 1 00 KF3 Appendix B Keyframe Facts With continuity set to 1 00 the paths between the keyframes become straight lines accelerating through the keyframe see Example 6 Example 6 1 0 1 0 KF1 8 1 0 KF2 1 0 Continuity 1 00 KF3 Keyframe Path Control Bias Control The BIAS control determines whether the path will be pulled towards the previous or the following keyframe With extreme settings all of the biasing will occur either before or after KF2 With bias set to 0 the curve through the keyframe is gentle as shown in Example 7 below Example 7 Tension Vector re v Bias Vector i gt s A 4 p M K l o Xd kg N 5 Bias 0 0 KF3 NOTE A Tension vector MUST be present for Bias control to have an effect Ap
168. odules for your installation are set up from the Outputs Menu 1 Press the CONFG button on the main menu subpanel 2 From the Configuration Menu select OUTPUTS to display the Outputs Menu OUTPUTS MENU config outputs 105 IRE PGM OFF OFF SHAPED M E 1 PGM ON ON M E 2 PGM ON OFF M E 3 PGM OFF OFF AUX BUS 1 OFF OFF SHAPED AUX BUS 2 OFF OFF SHAPED AUX BUS 3 OFF OFF SHAPED CHROMA CLIP 105 AUX BUS 4 OFF UNSHAPED AUX BUS 5 OFF AUX BUS 6 OFF AUX BUS 7 OFF FRAMESTORE OFF COMPOSITE CLIP 138 IRE ON ON O oN O BLACK CLIP PGM UNSHAPED 720 IRE OUTPUT SUPER SETUP VIDEO KEY OUTPUT DIGITAL SELECT BLACK ON KEY FMT LIMITER TIMING gt RES gt 3 Select the output to change from the default setting by pressing the OUTPUT SELECT button 4 Set the characteristics of the selected output as follows SUPERBLACK Turns the superblack output ON or OFF The Superblack output level is set in the System Parameters Menu as described previously Refer to the Super Black Application Note in the Appendices section of this manual for information on using Super Black SETUP ON KEY Selects or deselects setup on the key output signal 2 26 Configuring Outputs NOTE The VIDEO KEY FMT selections apply only to the Program output and Aux Bus 1 through 4 signals UNSHAPER Sets the output processing to provide the type of si
169. on With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video A 4 NOTE Since the shaped fill video must be accurately timed to the key signal it normally must come from the same external device that generates the key Illustrations are included on the following pages to show what happens when the switcher input is configured properly and improperly to accept shaped or unshaped fill video In these examples the video fill comes from a DPM that provides both a key signal and a fill video signal Figure A 2 shows the key signal from the DPM and Figure A 3 shows the Shaped fill video from the DPM when it is set for a Shaped output Unshaped fill video from the DPM when it is set for an Unshaped output is shown in Figure A 4 Note the hard noisy edges at the outer edge of the key This noise is normal and will not appear in the final composite Figure A 2 Appearance of Key Signal to be Used from DPM Examples of Operation With Shaped and Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 3 Appearance of Shaped Video From DPM Figure A 4 Appearance of Unshaped Video From DPM A 5 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Correct Input Configuration A 6 Background dX Key Foreground Key Fill AA Shaped Figure A 5 and Figure A 7 show how the switcher handles the fill video when the input shaped unshaped selection in the Configuration Inputs Map Inputs menu is set correctly to match the input signal that is mapped to the selecte
170. ons controlled by each Enable button Refer to Appendix B Keyframe Facts for further information on enabling and delegating E MEM levels Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing Switchers are able to store more than one switcher state a keyframe on each enabled level in a single E MEM register A series of keyframes in an E MEM register is called a keyframe effect Effects animation can be accomplished by building and running keyframe effects The effects editing portion of the E MEM Subpanel in conjunction with the Timeline Menu allows you to create store and modify keyframe effects Once stored in E MEM memory an effect can be recalled and caused to transition run between keyframes either manually or automatically 3 23 Section 3 Switcher Concepts 3 24 Effects Editing Definitions Keyframe A set of switcher parameters as set up on the control panel and in the menus stored in an E MEM register at some point along a timeline Keyframes define the switcher parameters at a series of points in time during an effect and the system does keyframe interpolation to smooth the motion between keyframes The Current Working Buffer tracks the interpolated values between keyframes Timeline A graphical representation in the Timeline Menu of the keyframes and keyframe durations present on a given enabled level in the selected E MEM register Each enabled
171. orking Buffer CWB button is used to clear selected areas of the switcher s work buffer The CWB controls the areas that are delegated on the E MEM Subpanel First you must delegate the levels you wish to clear You can use ENABL ALL to insure you get all of them The CWB is located on the E MEM Subpanel The following clear functions are available 1 First recall the GVG defaults to the Clear Working Buffer Select top menu Config User preferences Define default GVG defaults and Do save 2 Second enable all areas of the switcher to be cleared by selecting them in the E MEM Subpanel or press ENABL ALL to select all areas of the switcher 3 To clear the Current Working Buffer except Keyers Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button E MEM Subpanel Clears Current Working Buffer CWB to user defined defaults The key memory portion of the CWB is unaffected for example video processing or clip and gain All non key memory parameters are cleared for enabled levels Starting Conditions 4 Toclear the Current Working Buffer including Keyers Double press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button Same as above with addition of key memory parameters of the selected crosspoints that are cleared to the standard defaults Current crosspoints remain selected 5 To clear a Single Crosspoint Key Memory Hold a key bus crosspoint single press CLEAR WORK BUFR button Clears only the key memory portion of the Curr
172. ould select unshaped or vice versa your keys will have dark or light halos at the edges Input Shaped and Unshaped Video Configuring the Input Press the CONFG button on the Switchers main menu panel then the INPUTS soft button in the Configuration menu and the MAP INPUTS button in the Inputs menu to bring up the Map Inputs menu shown in Figure A 1 For each crosspoint selected on the PST bus you need to set the UNSHAPED VIDEO SHAPED VIDEO selection to match the characteristic of the video input being mapped to that crosspoint that is whether the source video is shaped or unshaped MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT 4 config inputs map inputs ANL AUT 10 BIT SETUP UNSHAPED VIDEO SHAPED VIDEO VIDEO KEY FMT KEY INPUT 21 DIG SER 8 BIT SETUP SYNC XPT BUTTON XPT BUTTON NUMBER NAME 30 CHROMA KEY INPUT SHIFT 14 NONE ENCODED Use the Preset Bus to select button number LOG CHANNEL PHYS INPUTS LOG PHYS NAME XPT ASSIGNMENT BUTTON gt Figure A 1 The Map Inputs Menu UNSHAPED VIDEO This is the setting that should be selected for all Non Shaped full raster video inputs and for Unshaped fill video inputs from character generators and DPMs SHAPED VIDEO This is the setting that should be selected only for fill video from character generators and DPMs that generate or are set to generate Shaped video outputs A 3 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Examples of Operati
173. ource crosspoint lights when you select it and lights anytime you hold down VIDEO KEY or AUTO SELECT KEY 8 To turn off a split key hold down the VIDEO KEY or AUTO SELECT KEY button and reselect the Key bus fill video crosspoint NOTE A single key can be split two different ways using VIDEO KEY and AUTO SELECT KEY Its appearance will change depending on which key split modifier is selected 4 25 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 26 10 11 12 13 14 15 For keying from a black on white source select Keyer INVERT For keying from a white on black source leave INVERT off To mask parts of the key that you don t want to see select INH MASK and select either a box wipe pattern or a video source to serve as the mask source Use the mask control knobs on the Masks Subpanel LEFT RIGHT TOP BOTTOM when adjusting the box mask To use a wipe select either Primary or Secondary wipe on the Mask Subpanel Use the PRESET SIZE knob on the Wipe Subpanel to adjust the wipe size To use a video source select MASK BUS on the Mask Subpanel Select the source by delegating it to the Mask Bus on the PVW AUX Bus Delegate row of buttons Use TOP GAIN and BOTTOM CLIP active when the MASK BUS button on the Masks Subpanel is selected knobs on the Masks Subpanel to adjust the mask source as you would adjust a key source The following adjustments are made on the Keyer Subpanel To put a border on the key
174. pendix B Keyframe Facts With the bias set to 1 00 the path is pulled towards the previous keyframe Entrance and exit to the keyframe are on a straight line from the previous keyframe see Example 8 and the path of the effect travels completely through KF2 before turning towards KF3 Example 8 v S4 e m Entry Bias KF1 4 KE LN pex Bias 1 0 Tension Vector KF3 Keyframe Path Control With the bias set to 1 00 the path is pulled towards the following keyframe Entrance and exit to the keyframe are a straight line pointed to the following keyframe see Example 9 Example 9 Exit Bias Tension Vector A i Mi Bias ain 2 E a 3 KF1 x KF2 Bias 1 0 KF3 Appendix B Keyframe Facts B 16 C Appendix C Super Black Definition of Super Black Objective Limitations Super Black is a video signal that is lower than the usual black level 7 5 IRE in NTSC 0 IRE in PAL and Component video The actual level of the signal below black varies from situation to situation and is often limited by the device that is used to record the signal Typically 0 IRE is used although values as low as 5 IRE or 10 IRE are being used The main reason for using super black is to enable the video including regular black to be separated by a keyer s clip and gain circuit from the surrounding super black level This enables a recorded vid
175. put you must besending a key with the video to the output module In addition the source M E for that output needs to be in layered mode Using the Super Black Output Each output module has four channels that are arranged with the video and key on adjacent channels For example the Program Output module is arranged as follows Channel3 Program Video Channel 4 gt Program Key The Configuration Outputs menu allows you to turn Super Black on for a particular output When Super Black is turned on for the channel 3 output for example the output is Channel 3 Output Program Key Program Video Super Black Value Super Black Value The Super Black Value is also a register value on the output module It uses the same Super Black Value found in the System Parameters menu When Super Black is turned off Channel 3 Output Program Video This method also allows you to lay up to 8 layers at a time to tape Reconstructing the Signal To reconstruct the video and key 1 Map the tape machine input with the Super Black source to a crosspoint 2 Select that crosspoint as a Key and put the Key on in Video Key Lum Key mode 3 Turn on Chroma Trap in the Keyer menu 4 Adjust the Clip and Gains as well as possible on Key panel 5 Adjust Coring in the Keyer menu available only for M Es C 5 Appendix C Super Black C 6 A Abort An instruction used to terminate execution of a co
176. r supply switches Verify that the green RUN LED on the control panel CPU Board is lit This board is located in the middle of the control panel tub on the Model 3000 2 and in the upper control panel in the Model 3000 3 3 Verify that the Menu Display on the upper Control Panel is on and displaying the Grass Valley sign on logo 4 Verify that the pushbutton lamps on the panel are on and that the E MEM and Transition subpanel readout LEDs are on If one of these indications is incorrect turn off all power supplies and refer to the Diagnostics and Troubleshooting section of the Installation and Service manual When the system is turned on data stored in the User Defined Default memory is loaded into the Current Working Buffer memory which sets the initial state of the switcher Powering Up The data contained in the Current Working Buffer is used for all normal operations At any time this data the current switcher state can be returned to the user defined default values by pressing the CLEAR WORK BUFR button on the Effects Memory subpanel In addition the user defined default state can be changed at any time through the use of the Configuration User Prefs Define Defaults Menu as described later in this section System Status Before attempting to configure the Model 3000 Switcher it is helpful to know what inputs and outputs are available and what options are installed in the Signal Processor The three pages of the
177. r this crosspoint 7 Press the main menu CONFG button to return to the Configuration Menu 2 47 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Mapping Kaleidoscope Source Buttons The DPM Kscope Source Menu allows you to map Kaleidoscope video source crosspoints to your switcher video source crosspoints You may set this map to a Grass Valley default or you may map each Kaleidoscope source button individually to the switcher crosspoint button of your choice DPM K SCOPE SOURCES MENU config extern if dpm setup dpm k scope sources 7 7 7 DIAL IN SWITCHER K SCOPE BTN SWR BTN K SCOPE BTN SWR BTN SCOPE BTN SWR BTN XPT BUTTON FOR 0 n 12 22 23 K SCOPE SOURCE 12 13 23 24 BUTTON 13 14 24 Sh 14 15 25 S 2 15 16 26 S 16 17 27 5 4 17 18 28 S 5 ie 29 MEA K SCOPE BUTTON 19 20 30 ME 2 20 21 81 PGM 21 22 o ou no m i 2 OJIN TAa rp a Ala alo e SWITCHER BUTTON SET DEFAULTS With the top soft knob highlight the Kaleidoscope button to be mapped then turn the second knob to assign the desired switcher crosspoint Press the SET DEFAULTS soft button to return the mapping to the Grass Valley defaults shown in the illustration above 2 48 Configuring External Interfaces Configuring the Peripheral Interface The Peripheral Interface Menu allows you to set up the parameters for the Peripheral Bus II port A3 1 From the Configurat
178. resultant key If the foreground appears with uniform coloring from the chroma key wall you may minimize this with FLARE SUPRESSION accessed in the CHR KEY CK HUE MODIFIERS menu NOTE It is very easy to overdo this adjustment causing coloring of the entire foreground with a color complementary to that being keyed Do not use FLARE SUPRESSION in an attempt to eliminate color fringing Chroma Keying Operations 8 Adjust SECONDARY COLOR SUPRESSION Use Secondary Color Suppression to minimize the fringing around the foreground object or tinting of a translucent object such as glass These adjustments can be found in the CHR KEY SECONDARY COLOR menu Before attempting this adjustment identify the primary area of the image requiring suppression NOTE SEC COLOR SUPRESSION is subtle and only applies to areas of the key which are translucent a Set SEC COLOR SUPPRESS to on and set the SUPPRESS MODE to CHROMA If you did not use Auto Setup adjust the SEC COLOR SUPPRESS ANGLE to match the chroma keyer s hue The angle indicated in next to the menu knob indicates the offset Note that Auto Setup does this for you b Set SEC COLOR SUPPRESS SELECTIVITY to mid range and SEC CHROMA SUPPRESS LEVEL to maximum This makes the affected region more visible and is probably not the final setting c Adjust SEC COLOR SUPPRESS ANGLE to maximize the effect on the targeted area Ignore all other areas of the image when making
179. rn on FGD RESHAPE in the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST and look for unequal black lines at the left and right sides of the foreground object Refer to System Timing in Section 2 Installation and Service manual for adjustment details if necessary Turn FGD RESHAPE off Optimize the CLIP and GAIN Refer to Step 4 under Basic Manual Adjustment on page 4 38 but do not start from scratch settings Remember adjust CLIP first then GAIN Optimize SELECTIVITY to obtain as much foreground as possible looking closely at areas which contain some blue fringing for example hair or glass Observing the SHOW KEY display may help this with adjustment Optimize CHROMA background suppression to eliminate the color of the background Too much suppression results in the background taking on its complementary color If a vector monitor is available the correct adjustment places the background dot in the center of the display The initial adjustment usually produces the correct setting but it is important to verify it now Evaluate the Key and make the following adjustments depending on the amount of lighting variation visible in the background Large lighting variations make luminance background suppression difficult or impossible without darkening the foreground Decrease the LUMA background suppression on the panel and observe the Key in the picture and the waveform monitor As suppression is decreased the background begins to lighten If the back
180. s a way of storing switcher effects for later use With E MEM you can set up an effect with the control panel and learn a snapshot of it into memory Later you can recall that effect with the press of a button The switcher will immediately return to the state it was in when the effect was learned The E MEM Subpanel allows you to store recall and modify effects and keyframes in E MEM registers See below for definitions of effects and keyframes There is a total of 100 registers grouped into ten banks of ten registers E MEM register contents can be saved to disk using the floppy disk drive and Disk menus Effects and Keyframes An E MEM effect is whatever is stored in an E MEM register Switchers can store more than one switcher state a keyframe on each enabled level of a single E MEM register and can transition or run between keyframes Thus a keyframe effect is a sequence of keyframes stored in a single E MEM register An E MEM effect is the same as a keyframe effect but consists of a single keyframe on each enabled level When you learn a switcher state or insert a keyframe into an E MEM register the only switcher parameters that are learned are those that are enabled by the Enable buttons on the E MEM Subpanel see following topic on Enables and Delegates Refer also to Appendix B Keyframe Facts E MEM Effects Memory Enables and Delegates Grass Valley Switchers have two groups of operations that
181. s are timed and conditioned The digital signals are then passed to the Video and Effects Section where keying and mixing take place This section also provides effect modifications such as wipes that can be applied to selected inputs In the Output Section digital video and key signals are converted to any desired composite format analog parallel digital or serial digital as predetermined by the type of output modules installed before leaving the Signal Processor Section 1 System Overview Video Processing Input video and key signal selections are made by the Crosspoint Matrix under control of the system Controller according to operator assignments entered via the Control Panel In addition to primary external video secondary internal sources such as Masks M E re entry video and optional Frame Store are available as inputs to the crosspoint matrix Two sets of RGB signals may be applied per optional Dual RGB input module These inputs are forwarded to a Dual Chroma Keyer module Keyers in each Mix Effects bank provide outputs to the Effects Loop crosspoints for sending outside the switcher for external processing or for routing to the M E mixers and wipe generators The Effects Send outputs can also be directed to the Frame Store option for image capture One optional Effects Loop Crosspoint module services all three Mix Effects banks Functional Description Each M E has two keyers and two background
182. s the main menu CONFG button to return to the Configuration Menu Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Configuring GPI Outputs GPI Output triggers each time there is a cut on the PGM Bus This GPI is typically connected to an external device such as a clock timer which is reset by each trigger Such a clock would then indicate how long the current source has been on air The duration of GPI Output Triggers can now be configured by the number of fields This configuration is set using the GPT Outputs Menu Use the GPI Outputs Menu to set E MEM levels for each assigned GPI You may also set the duration of the GPI trigger signal This menu is accessed from the Config External If Menu GPI OUTPUTS MENU LENGTH config external if gpi outputs LEVEL LENGTH nen MISC 1 oENOoO j ioNxNx DPM 1 DPM2 DPM3 7 DPM 4 PGM CUT SELECT E MEM TRIGGER GPI LEVEL 1 Use the SELECT GPI button to select the desired GPI number 2 Press the E MEM LEVEL button to select the desired E MEM level 3 Use the LENGTH soft knob to select the required GPI trigger duration in fields 4 Repeat Steps 1 through 3 for other GPIs 2 52 Formatting Aux Buses Formatting Aux Buses Each of the 7 aux buses consists of an A bus and a B bus The A buses are for video only The B buses may be either video or key as configured by the Aux Bus Format Menu 1 From the Configuration Menu
183. same as a single press of the button with the addition of key memory parameters being cleared crosspoints are unaffected Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button while holding down a key bus crosspoint button Clears only the key memory portion of the Current Working Buffer for the selected key crosspoint This includes clearing any split keys for that key crosspoint Double press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button while holding down a key bus crosspoint button Clears the Current Working Buffer for a selected E MEM level and clears any split keys for that key crosspoint 3 3 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Auto Delegation 3 4 Some of the switcher subpanels are delegated to other subpanels under conditional control of the operator or system This feature is called auto delegation The effect of auto delegation is that pressing a button on one subpanel may activate the related controls on another subpanel For example the single Chroma Keyer subpanel is used for controlling all Chroma Keyers and is activated by pressing the CHR KEY button on one of the M E Keyer subpanels The switcher also delegates certain menus to be displayed when specific buttons on the subpanels are double pressed also known as a DPOP Double Press Operation The second press must occur within a predetermined amount of time Subpanel and Menu delegation are fully described in the Control Panel Description section of the Operation Ref
184. seconds before the Disk menus display The disk system does a self test during that period Insert a diskette into the disk drive in the upper control panel of the switcher Make sure the write protect on the diskette is off From the Disk menu press UTILS gt to invoke the Disk Utilities Menu Do not press CHILD DIRECTORY at this time If the disk is already formatted skip to Saving Files If not proceed as follows a From the Utilities menu press either FORMAT 720K or FORMAT 1 44M as appropriate b Press DO FORMAT 4 77 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 78 Creating Directories and Files In this procedure you create two new directories one for E MEM files and one for Configuration files Then you will create one E MEM file and one Configuration file 1 Inserta formatted diskette into the disk drive 2 Select the DISK Utility Menu From the Utility Menu press CREATE DIR gt to invoke the Name Directory Menu 3 Inthe Name Directory Menu use the soft knobs to select the characters E MEM in the File Name box then press the ACCEPT NAME button Confirm the name with a Yes when the Confirm Create Dir Menu displays 4 RepeatStep 3 this time naming a new directory called Config Store and Name An E MEM File In this section you will store and name the contents of E MEM register 23 in the E MEM subdirectory Make sure E MEM register 23 has something store in it 1 From the Disk
185. sed with both Wipe WIPEXFORM and Framestore FSTOREXFRM Transform selections CURVE includes Tension Continuity and Bias soft knob controls described in the Appendices of this guide When used with the CURVE path type Wipe Transform has four parameters Horizontal Vertical Size and Aspect Framestore Transform has two parameters Horizontal and Vertical The Wipe or Framestore image may be either a video or key signal In either case it may be cropped masked in either Video Store Crop Menu or Key Store Crop Menu Variable parameters can do all four types of interpolation selectors can do only Holds For each keyframe all parameters use the same path type to the extent that they can Using Path Types Procedures Hold Linear S Linear Curve 1 Access the Keyframe Keyframe Path Menu 2 Use GET or PUT to copy one of your effects to an empty register 3 Experiment with the four different Path Type selections and see how each changes the effect 4 67 Section 4 Switcher Operations Effects Send Operations Option 4 68 Setup The Effects Send option purchased separately allows video key signals in an M E to be routed outside the switcher for processing by an external device such as a DPM Digital Picture Manipulator and then brought back into the same crosspoint Looping mode or another crosspoint Non Looping mode for mixing and output The switcher Aux Buses are used to output the video key sig
186. sic Manual Adjustment If you prefer you may perform the initial adjustments manually Following these steps once or twice gives you a feel for what Auto Setup does for you in a few seconds T On the control panel set the Key CLIP and GAIN approximately in the middle of their ranges On the control panel set SHDW ON to off BKGD SUPR to on set the LUMA suppression to minimum and CHROMA suppression about mid way Set SELECTIVITY to maximum a In the CHR KEY menu set FOREGROUND VIDEO and BACKGROUND VIDEO to on and FOREGROUND CORING to FIXED In the CHR KEY SECONDARY COLOR menu set SEC COLOR SUPPRESS to OFF In the CHR KEY CK HUE MODIFIERS menu set SEP HUE SUPPRESS FLARE SUPPRESS and FGD NOISE SUPPRESS to OFF In the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST menu set KEY WIDTH KEY SOFTNESS KEY POSITION FGD RESHAPE and KEY S SHAPING to OFF Set the Chroma Keyer HUE for the approximate background color using the panel s hue indicators Observe the key waveform by depressing SHOW KEY during this adjustment Don t worry about exact color match at this time 4 37 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 38 4 Adjust Keyer CLIP and GAIN while observing the key waveform by depressing SHOW KEY CLIP has the most effect on foreground opacity while GAIN has most effect on background opacity a Start with both CLIP and GAIN at maximum b AdjustCLIP slightly making the foreground barely visible white if looking at SHOW KEY c Adjust
187. sk Draw option to allow an operator to draw masks and alter existing video that has been frozen 4 73 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 74 Freeze Mode Freeze selects between live and frozen pictures A frozen picture is like a snapshot you take with a still camera The freeze unfreeze function toggles between the two states Press the FRZE button once to freeze it high tallies press a second time to unfreeze When enabled freeze stops data from being written to the frame store resulting in a frozen image Frame Store Field Modes There are a number of video store parameters that may be used when manipulating frozen images While a full frame is always frozen you can choose to view the image by field instead The choices are described below Field 1 Field 2 The FIELD 1 and FIELD 2 buttons determine which field will be displayed Either field may be selected or both may be selected at the same time When unfrozen the Field buttons have no effect A full frame is always frozen regardless of the state of these buttons This method of storage allows the operator to decide between fields and frames after the image is frozen 2 Field 4 Field A two field sequence is the normal default image frozen in the frame store However the memory architecture also allows storage of a complete four field color frame A FRAME TYPE button located in the Frame Store Video Store Menu allows you to switch between two fie
188. software driven menu 14 External 18 Frame 12B Menu Interface Store Display 12A Menu 11 Mask 10 Wipe Q Subpanel Subpanel Buttons Display Subpanel Subpanel 3 LM EUER r E 0 o o z oa o coa Upper o 9 glo cs fiz Panel Floppy o 8 i E EE o d BOE SES Bu Chro 000000000 j pec2 les ogba Kever Subpanel Preview EO E 9 Mask Aux d sn a iti a EJEEJEE O Positioner Bus Testes ea ia EEBEELo at Subpanel xem m 3 EIE EIE 00 Bg HEBEL Eom v E00 o Lower wove fa ERE JBEEXAO 6 Panel j EPERE EBEEELO Effects EE E EEBEBE Memory E bec 200E o E MEMG m aj Subpanel BEE ObrTo D EE sae BS Belo I BS EJ E Be o I oma v ti o 1 Source Selection 2 Transition 4 Keyer 5 Matte Subpanels Subpanels Subpanels Figure 1 2 Functional Areas of Model 3000 2 Control Panel Section 1 System Overview The Control Panel also provides connectors for the Mask Draw option and the data link to the Signal Processor Frame
189. stick override capability 2 71 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 72 Switcher Concepts This section describes a few basic concepts that you should know before you operate your switcher You might be tempted to skip over this section especially if you are an experienced switcher operator Nevertheless we suggest that you to browse it anyway because it explains operating concepts that will help you more fully understand how the switcher works Items that will be discussed in this section include the following Clear Working Buffer on page 3 2 Auto Delegation on page 3 4 Crosspoint Bus on page 3 5 Transitions on page 3 6 Keys on page 3 9 Shaped and Unshaped Video on page 3 13 Super Black on page 3 15 Chroma Key on page 3 16 Coring on page 3 18 Layering on page 3 19 E MEM Effects Memory on page 3 20 Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing on page 3 23 Manipulating Video Images on page 3 26 Effects Send Option on page 3 28 Frame Store Option on page 3 29 3 1 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Clear Working Buffer 3 2 The Current Working Buffer CWB is an area of system memory that stores the current switcher state That is it tracks the settings of switch and variable control functions on the control panel as well as those of many switch and control functions set in the menus When an E MEM recall is done the data in the recalled E MEM Register is loaded into the Curren
190. t Pattern Key 2 The effect shown in Figure 4 10 was created as follows Preset Patttern Key over background with dropshadows added using the Pattern Generator Section 4 Switcher Operations Layered Mode Operations 4 32 The M E Keyers may be used in a Layering Mode In Layered mode the A and B buses function as keyers rather than background buses This mode is selectable on the M E Mode Menu To set up Layered Mode 1 Access the M E Mode Menu or double press the BKG B button on the Transition Panel 2 Select M E 1 3 Select LAYERED Mode 4 Adjust the KEY OPACITY soft knobs to adjust the opacity of each layer as required These adjustments can help control excessive video levels that may occur in this mode NOTE To keep levels to acceptable limits set the matte generator chroma limiting MATTE GEN LIM to BOTH in the Configuration System Parameters Menu 5 Verify Layered mode operation When this mode is active the A and B buses can perform simple keys That is they can do linear luminance video and external keys They can also do Preset Pattern keys The A and B buses cannot do Chroma Keys Bordered Keys or Mask Keys However they can do Split Keys They are treated like any other key and can be individually transitioned or tied together with other keys within a transition Chroma Keying Operations Chroma Keying Operations Chroma keying allows you to key out a particular co
191. t Working Buffer which sets the switcher parameters of all enabled levels to match those stored in the first keyframe of an E MEM effect The GVG Factory Default of the CWB is a set of switcher parameters stored in memory that may be used to return the switcher to a known set of conditions Some of these parameters may be periodically updated with software updates The User Defined Default buffer is battery backed RAM that may be used to store a set of parameters tailored to your requirements and preferences At power up the information in the User Defined Default memory is loaded into the Current Working Buffer which sets the initial state of the switcher At any time the User Defined Default values may be restored to all enabled areas of the switcher by pressing the CLEAR WORK BUFR button on the E MEM Subpanel The data in the User Defined Default Buffer may also be modified at any time through the Configuration User Prefs Define Defaults Menu Clear Working Buffer CWB Modes of Operation With Version 5 0 and later software there are four modes of operation for the CLEAR WORK BUFR button 1 Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button Clears the Current Working Buffer except Keyers This clears the CWB to User Defined Defaults for all enabled levels but leaves the key memory portion of the CWB unaffected Double press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button Clears the Current Working Buffer including Keyers This is the
192. t effect the information Also see PROM ROM and RAM Effects Dissolve A microprocessor controlled mode in which the analog values control settings of one effects setup change smoothly over a predetermined time to those of another effects setup E MEM Effects Memory AGVG effects memory system capable of storing and recalling switch and control settings of switcher effects configurations Encoded Chroma Key A chroma key which uses an encoded video signal e g from a VTR instead of separate RGB or Y CR CB signals for deriving the key Encoded Video A video signal which contains both luminance and chrominance information in the same signal Also see Composite Video NTSC and PAL Encoder A device used to create a single composite color signal from a set of component signals Commonly used on switcher Program and Preview outputs for composite monitor requirements Error Message A message generated by the program to identify a program error or the area in which a malfunction occurs Event Number Number assigned by the editing system to each performed edit Exception Processing The activity of a CPU in response to an interrupt in its normal execution of instructions Execution The carrying out of a particular set of instructions External Key An input signal to the switcher used exclusively as a key source Typically this key source is selected automatically with the selection of the key fill
193. t is recalled it waits at the first keyframe Effects Dissolve Effects Dissolve ON or ON when Learned Switcher applies a dissolve from the Switcher s current state or register to the register being recalled Effects Dissolve OFF and OFF when Learned Switcher does nothing E MEM Effects Memory Operations 300 Style Mode 3 M E Switchers Only In 300 Style mode when you do a Learn or Recall the Master E MEM allows individual M Es to skew registers that is allows M Es to point to different registers than the Master E MEM is pointing and allows the Master E MEM to learn the individual M E s skewed register numbers This operation does not change the content of those skewed M E registers because the operation does not write the current M E settings into those registers You must independently learn the M E settings into the individual M E E MEMs Registers that are Learned using the Model 300 Style mode have an M in the Master E MEM display as a mode identifier The Learn and Recall operation described in the previous Normal mode text is identical in the 300 Style mode Therefore that text is not repeated here Operational Defaults in Either Mode m If Auto Run is ON when the register is Recalled the keyframe effect runs m If Auto Run is OFF when the register is Recalled the keyframe effect does not run when Recalled m If Auto Recall is ON when the register is Learned and ON when the register
194. t you read the System Overview first to familiarize yourself with the system architecture and the terminology used in this manual Then turn on the system as described in the Startup section and configure the switcher parameters for your site or studio It is assumed that the system has been physically installed according to your studio plan and that all inputs and outputs are connected properly It is important that your switcher be properly configured before you attempt to put it into regular operation After configuring the switcher you may go directly to the operating procedures If you need more detailed information about the operation of a specific control or menu refer to the Operation Reference manual If you are not an experienced operator you should read or scan the Control Panel and Menu Descriptions sections of the Operation Reference manual to get an idea of the functions of the subpanels controls and menus Terminology that you may need to know more about is presented in a Glossary at the end of this manual For quickly locating specific areas of interest refer to the Table of Contents at the front of this manual to the local table of contents behind each tabbed divider or to the Index xiii Preface If you have any comments about this manual we would like to hear from you Please write to Tektronix Inc Grass Valley Products Technical Publications Department PO Box 1114 Grass Valley CA 95945
195. te how keyframe editing works You will create a two keyframe effect then manipulate that effect using the keyframing editing subpanel and the keyframe menus m Learn two keyframes m Test the effect m Navigate through the effect using REWIND PREV keyframe NEXT keyframe AUTO RUN REV erse STOP NEXT KF Keyframe Operations Learn Keyframes To learn the first keyframe of the effect into an E MEM register setup a wipe pattern on a color background on M E 1 Learn the switcher condition into empty register number 5 1 Select M E 1 on the PGM bus 2 Select Source 1 on M E 1 A bus select Source 2 on M E 1 B bus 3 Select a Wipe pattern such as a circle or star for M E 1 Use the Lever Arm to bring it to about 50 size Position it in the upper left hand corner of the screen 4 Press LRN BANK REGISTER This inserts the first keyframe into the register 5 Move the wipe Press INSRT AFTER on the Effects Editing Keypad This inserts the second keyframe into the register 6 Press REWIND and run the effect with the RUN button or the E MEM Subpanel Lever Arm Other Effect Run Options Using REWIND AUTO RUN REV 1 Press AUTO RUN With AUTO RUN on the effect automatically rewinds and then runs whenever you invoke the effect by pressing the E MEM register number of the effect 2 Pressing RUN a second time stops the effects run 3 Press REWIND to reset the effect to Keyframe 1 Press RUN
196. the on a keyframe or on the path rules based on whether keyframes are present on the delegated levels not whether they are present on the Master Timeline Keyframe Operations The new rules are as follows m If no delegated level has a keyframe at the current time location of cursor an Insert operation does an insert on the path on each delegated level As before an insert on the path does not increase the overall length of the timelines m If any delegated level has a keyframe at the current time an Insert operation does an insert on a keyframe on each delegated level An insert on a keyframe increases the length of the timeline of each delegated level s by the duration of the inserted keyframe equal to the duration of the current keyframe on the Master Timeline Note that in Constant Duration mode inserting on a keyframe is inhibited because that would add to the duration of the delegated timeline These new rules apply to all corresponding Insert Paste and Mod operations Changing An Existing Keyframe Pressing the MOD button once enters any changes that have been made on any delegated level on a single keyframe A double press of MOD will make the same changes on all keyframes in the effect If you want to make a global change to all keyframes on one level in an effect use MOD ALL ABSOLUTE a selection in the Keyframe Menu This is a useful tool if you want to change all parameters for a
197. this adjustment d Reduce SEC CHROMA SUPPRESS LEVEL to obtain a natural look to the target area of the image Again ignore other areas of the image especially the transition from the target area e Adjust SEC COLOR SUPPRESS SELECTIVITY for a balance between too much change to other picture areas vs not enough change in the target area Notice that the most change is made in the areas immediately surrounding the target Use SEC LUM SUPPRESS LEVEL in a similar manner to mask brightness variations in the same target area 4 41 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 42 Key edge cleanup If FGD RESHAPE is on some amount of key edge cleanup is possible with KEY WIDTH KEY POSITION and KEY SOFTNESS located in the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST menu The basic idea is to narrow and soften the key edge so that it occurs where there is foreground video instead of areas which have been partially contaminated by the chroma key wall NOTES Key edge cleanup is not possible if FGD RESHAPE is off Attempting to make these adjustments in that mode most likely makes the key worse not better You may also find adjusting LUMA background suppression also makes the edge less visible This depends on the background luminance levels of the foreground and background sources 10 Adjusting Shadows 11 To enhance the shadows in the Keyer panel press the SHDW ON button and adjust the shadow OPACITY to maximum In the Chroma Key menu adjust SHADOW G
198. ting taped video With FIELD 1 selected as the dominant field if a change takes place just prior to Field 1 the change will become effective at the beginning of Field 1 But if the change takes place prior to Field 2 the change will be delayed by one field so that it also becomes effective at the beginning of the next Field 1 This way all changes will be synchronized to take place at the beginning of Field 1 Similarly if FIELD 2 were selected as the dominant field those changes that take place prior to Field 1 would be delayed until Field 2 Operating Notes If an Editor or a GPI trigger initiates one of these functions it will produce the same effect as a control panel change That is the initiation of any of these functions will be delayed until the beginning of the selected dominant field Summary If you are recording the output of the Model 3000 on video tape and will be doing post production editing of the tape itis recommended that you set Field Dominance for a specific field either FIELD 1 or FIELD 2 and leave it at that setting This will ensure that all changes will take effect consistently on the same field Using the Mask Draw Feature This section describes some tips and tricks about using mask draw See The Mask Store Menu descriptions for how to select manipulate mask draw functions NOTE You may want to browse the descriptions below then experiment with the brush and screen selections provided on the
199. tor 1 18 Chroma Key Auto Setup 1 20 Descriptions 1 18 Dual Chroma Keyer 1 18 Frame Store 1 14 1 19 Look Ahead Preview 1 19 Mask Store 1 19 Mix Effects Clean Feed 1 19 Remote Aux Bus Control Panels 1 20 Safe Title Action Area Generator 1 19 Secondary Wipe Generator 1 18 Tally Expansion 1 20 Tally Relay Module 1 20 Index 6 Output Digital Resolution Menu 2 30 Setting 2 30 Output Modules 1 11 Output Timing Menu 2 29 Switcher 2 28 Outputs Effects Send 1 14 Key 1 11 Key and Video Configuring 2 26 2 31 Limiter 2 27 Menu 2 26 Setting Digital Resoulution 2 30 Signal 1 11 Superblack C 2 Video 1 11 Video and Key Configuring 2 26 2 31 P Panel Main Control Panel Description 1 7 Remote Auxiliary Bus 1 20 Patch Panel 2 38 Pattern Modifiers 4 13 Peripheral Bus II DPM 2 40 Peripheral Interface Configuration 2 49 Menu 2 49 Peripheral Triggers Assigning 2 50 DPM 700 Functions Table 2 51 Menu 2 50 Physical Description 1 5 Pooled Devices 2 36 Power Supplies Description 1 6 Power up Procedure 2 2 Preferences Beeper 2 62 Index Keyer 2 56 Preview 2 58 Shift Lock 2 55 User 2 54 Preset bus 3 6 Preset Pattern Effects 4 28 Preview Modes Auto 2 59 Dim 2 61 Key PVW 2 59 Lookahead 2 59 PGM 2 59 Push to Preview 2 61 Preview Preferences 2 58 Menu 2 58 Program bus 3 6 R Register pushbuttons 4 50 Remote Auxiliary Bus Control Panels 1 20 Returns DPM Mapping 2 46 S Safe Title Action Area Generator 1 19 Seco
200. ts Memory Subpanel for more information E MEM Effects Memory Operations Learn Enables An E MEM register can store all switcher functions or part of them as determined by the E MEM Enable buttons M E 1 and PGM PST will be used for this procedure In this procedure you will learn an effect into E MEM register 23 1 Press AUTO RCL Auto Recall button lit This causes all Enabled buttons to be learned as part of the effect 2 Press E MEM Subpanel Enables buttons M E 1 and PGM PST buttons light You should have an effect set up on M E 1 You may want to have sources selected on the M E 1 A and B buses one source selected on the PGM bus and M E 1 selected on the PST bus 3 Press LRN BANK 2 3 to learn this current switcher panel setup and crosspoints into register number 23 Recall Enables 1 Change the crosspoints on M E 1 2 Ensure that AUTO RCL is on 3 Select register 23 BANK 2 3 4 Observe the recalled effect on the Program monitor 4 49 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 50 Storing an Effect 1 2 Select the LEARN pushbutton so that it lights Select BANK 0 or BANK 1 to select Bank 0 or Bank 1 Select BANK 7 and then one of the pushbuttons 2 through 9 to select Banks 2 through 9 This selects one of the ten banks of ten E MEM storage registers For example register 32 equates to bank 3 register 2 If the current Bank is the one you want simply select the new reg
201. ts over a black background In this case the fill video may be considered to be shaped Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video B Appendix B Keyframe Facts Keyframe Timelines Master Timeline The Master Timeline is a tool for developing a consistent set of rules and operations for editing effects and synchronizing events across multiple independent timelines The Master Timeline is a single timeline representation of the two dimensional view of multiple E MEM level timelines The Master Timeline is composed of the timelines of all currently enabled E MEM levels Any keyframe that is present on an enabled E MEM level is represented as a keyframe on the Master Timeline All editing rules are based on the Master Timeline keyframes All editing operations are performed on the delegated E MEM levels The Master Timeline is displayed graphically in the Keyframe Timeline menu as the topmost timeline The Current Time Position on the Master Timeline determines the editing rules for the editing and clipboard operations Insert Before Insert After Mod Cut Copy Paste as well as the effect positioning operations Prev Next Go To Time Go To KF and the Run Control modifiers Stop Next KF If just one E MEM level is enabled the Master Timeline and the E MEM timeline are exactly the same With multiple E MEM levels enabled there will be a keyframe on the master timeline corresponding to each and every keyfra
202. tte follow the procedure below 1 Selecta background source crosspoint on the A Bus The DSK Matte panel controls will automatically delegate to the Background Subpanel 2 Select FLAT MATTE 3 Watch the Program monitor and adjust Matte BRIGHTNESS to set the brightness luminance of the matte You may want to set a midrange brightness to begin with and fine tune the brightness later 4 Adjust Matte SATURATION to set the saturation level of the matte 5 Adjust HUE to set the matte color that you want Super Black Super Black may be selected for Background Generators 1 and 2 in the Matte Menu Super Black levels are adjustable in the Configuration System Parameter Menu 4 23 Section 4 Switcher Operations Luminance and Linear Keying Operations Keys enable you to insert one picture into another to create a composite effect For example you may want to add a caption to a scene For more information about keying refer to Section 3 Switcher Concepts To create a luminance or linear key do the following 1 2 Select Key 1 on the M E 1 Transition Subpanel Select the Title 1 crosspoint button on the Key 1 Bus When you select a crosspoint Key Memory automatically recalls the key type and the adjustments last used with that crosspoint Press AUTO SELECT KEY on the M E 1 Keyers Subpanel to create a key using both the fill and the external key source assigned to the crosspoint Selecting VIDEO KEY produces a
203. tting is 20 IRE DIGITAL RES Displays the Output Digital Resolution Menu 2 27 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Setting Switcher Output Timing With the Effects Send option installed in a Model 3000 the PGM output on Aux Buses 1 through 4 was delayed compared to other switcher outputs Software provides an adjustment of the switcher length that allows you to match the timing of all outputs CAUTION Adjustment of the switcher output timing is not recommended unless you have the Effects Send option and you expect to use PGM out on Aux Buses 1 through 4 Increasing the switcher length may affect other timing in your facility The switcher length timing adjustment is done in the Configuration Outputs Output Timing menu 1 To gain access to the switcher length adjustment first press the CONFG button on the main menu subpanel then press the OUTPUTSs gt soft button in the Configuration menu OUTPUTS MENU iubes config outputs 105 IRE PGM OFF M E 1 PGM ON M E 2 PGM ON i CHROMA CLIP AUX BUS 1 OFF 105 AUX BUS 2 OFF a AUX BUS 3 OFF AUX BUS 4 OFF AUX BUS 5 COMPOSITE CLIP AUX BUS 6 a gt 138 IRE AUX BUS 7 s FRAMESTORE ON ON ON o BLACK CLIP PGM OFF or oF 20 IRE OUTPUT SUPER SETUP DIGITAL OUTPUT SELECT BLACK ON KEY UNSHAPER LIMITER RES gt TIMING gt 2 28 Configuring Outputs 2 Press the OUTPUT
204. tures and keys or 1 four field picture and key can be frozen in the Frame Store A two field mask store is also provided on the Model 3000 Aux bus pair 4A 4B supplies the inputs to the frame store video and key channels The clipped mask bus Model 3000 is the input for the mask channel Video and key can be frozen either separately or simultaneously through the use of panel controls The system also has the ability to layer stills in a recursive manner The system accomplishes this by sending the output of the frame store to the input of an M E for compositing with another image The composite that is generated can be fed back to the input of the frame store and re frozen 3 29 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Manipulation of the frozen image is provided through the Frame Store Menu Some of the operations that can be performed on the frozen video and key images are as follows Posterization video only Solarization video only Positioning Mosaic Reverse Video Color Substitution Hue Mod Color Mod Hue Rotate Crop Blur The video key and mask outputs from the frame store are routed to the switcher crosspoint matrix and may be used as primary switcher inputs The mask channel output may also be used as a source for the mask generators The frame store outputs video and key are provided to output modules for use by external devices The Model 3000 has a mask frame store output When shadow mode is selecte
205. turn a knob affects the amount a parameter is modified for the same rotation For example if a knob is rotated slowly in one direction then rapidly returned to the original position chances are the value of the parameter will NOT be the same as the initial value Therefore it is necessary to make all adjustments slowly to stay under the acceleration threshold Failure to do so can make your Chroma Keyer setup difficult Auto Setup An automatic setup mechanism is available to rough in the Chroma Key In some cases with well designed chroma key studio sets the auto setup produces a usable key with no further adjustments However additional manual adjustments made after the auto setup can almost always improve the key To use Auto Setup 1 Select CHR KEY SETUP AUTO SETUP in the menus The Model 4000 2A panel also provides an AUTO SETUP button on the panel A cursor displays on the keyer s output Use the wipe positioner to position the cursor over a portion of the background to be keyed If lighting variations exist try the Auto Setup at different cursor locations 2 Press the AUTO SETUP menu or panel button a second time to initiate the setup When setup sequence completes the cursor disappears and a partially set up key appears Chroma Keying Operations Continue setup with Optimization Adjustments on page 4 39 or manually adjust the Key using the Basic Manual Adjustment procedure found in the following text Ba
206. u identify the background color This option requires the presence of the Frame Store option Introduction 2 Startup amp Configuration This section describes turning on the Model 3000 and configuring it to your facility Included are procedures for setting the system clock configuring inputs and outputs configuring external interfaces and setting user preferences The following items are discussed in this manual section Powering Up on page 2 2 Software Setup on page 2 7 Setting System Parameters on page 2 10 Configuring Inputs on page 2 14 Configuring External Interfaces on page 2 32 Formatting Aux Buses on page 2 53 Setting User Preferences on page 2 54 Setting User Defined System Defaults on page 2 63 Operating Notes on page 2 64 2 1 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration Powering Up 2 2 Boot Up The Model 3000 is designed for continuous operation It may already be on and operating however the following power up procedure is provided in the event that it isn t 1 Turn on the power switch on the front of the Signal Processor Power Supply Verify that the power supply voltage LEDs on the front of the Power Supply are lit and that the fans in the Processor are on If the Processor is equipped with a redundant power supply turn on that supply also 2 Raisethe Control Panel and turn on the power supply switch If a redundant power supply is included in the Control Panel turn on both powe
207. u to set the switcher output for either shaped or unshaped fill video Shaped video is the preferred setting if the designation device can accept it Refer to the Shaped and Unshaped Video text in the Appendix section of this manual for more information Super Black Super Black Super Black is a video level that is lower than the usual black level 7 5 IRE in NTSC 0 IRE in PAL and Component video It is inserted into the background of a video signal to improve the contrast for luminance self keying The Super Black level is variable and is often limited by the device that is used to record the signal Typically 0 IRE is used although values as low as 5 IRE or 10 IRE may be used The main reason for using Super Black is to enable the video including regular black to be separated by a keyers clip and gain circuit from the surrounding Super Black level This enables a recorded video signal which includes black to be keyed into a scene without using a separate key signal A typical use of Super Black is when a prerecorded element such as a flying logo is to be keyed in at the opening of a show The flying logo is keyed over super black and recorded on tape The VTR must be adjusted to record the super black level and to reproduce it during playback When the logo is to be used at the start of the show the tape is played and the luminance key clip and gain are adjusted to key the logo into the background scene The key is then a
208. up the key Select Transition KEY 1 KEY 2 and or BKGD on the Keyers Subpanel to choose which layer s the transition will affect If both effects keys are on air and you want to adjust which layer is on top select the KEY OVER button to toggle the priority You can also select the KEY PRIORITY button to transition priorities Now do the transition For an effects key cut press Transition CUT For an effects key mix select MIX and move the lever arm from limit to limit or press AUTO TRANS c Fora wipe select Transition WIPE and select and adjust the pattern as described earlier for background wipes Then move the lever arm or press AUTO TRANS d Fora DSK cut press DSK CUT e Fora DSK mix press DSK MIX f When a key is on air the KEY ON indicator lights below the appropriate keyer delegation button on the transition sub panel and on the Keyer sub panel if the on air keyer is delegated The KEY OVER light will also be lighted showing priority g Once the key is on air you can change backgrounds behind it Select BKGD A only and do a transition To remove the key s select KEY 1 and or KEY 2 and do another transition You can also cut the currently delegated key layer on or off using the Keyer CUT button Preset Pattern Keying Operations Preset Pattern Keying Operations A preset pattern key Figure 4 9 cuts a key hole in the background in the shape of a wipe pattern The procedure for creating a preset
209. ure color Color Difference Signal A video signal conveying only color information such as R Y and B Y Color Frame The video frame polarity In order to keep the video signal in phase color frames must alternate polarity with each frame Component A part of an assembly Also see Assembly and System Component Video A set of video signals usually three each of which represents a portion of the information needed to generate a full color image G 3 Glossary Composite Video A videosignal which contains both picture and sync information Also see Encoded Video Control Signal A signal used to control some aspect of switcher operation such as video path selection and manipulation inter processor communications and variable control knob monitoring Control Processor A circuit or group of circuits used to generate or alter control signals CPU Central Processing Unit The section of a computing device that controls and causes the execution of instructions A CPU on a single chip and is called a microcomputer Crosspoint An electronic switch usually controlled by a pushbutton on the control panel that allows video or audio to pass when the switch is closed CRT Cathode Ray Tube A television or terminal picture tube Cut Take A transition between primary video and or key video where one signal is instantaneously replaced by another or where one signal is instantaneously added or remo
210. ux buses are assigned to a DPM level but there is no physical device no return signal and no control connection for example an aux bus dedicated to feeding a video monitor 2 35 Section 2 Startup amp Configuration 2 36 Both KSCOPE and KRYSTAL are selections for pooled devices A pooled device is one which provides acquisition of logical channels from a pool of physical channels Kaleidoscope is a pooled device As an example consider a Kaleidoscope having 5 physical channels named A B C D and E The pooled channels are shared by different users A user may build a Kaleidoscope effect using 3 channels On one day he may acquire physical channels C D and E as logical channels 1 2 and 3 on another day he may acquire physical channels B C and D as logical channels 1 2 and 3 The same effect will perform identically on both configurations since the operator s view of the system is the logical arrangement of channels 1 2 3 not the physical channels used In systems with multiple DPM channels it is desirable to have a predictable relationship between aux buses and DPM channels e g aux bus 1 feeding DPM channel 1 aux bus feeding channel 2 etc and to have a particular switcher crosspoint button always select the same DPM channel return input For a fixed device such as the DPM 700 this relationship is achieved by cabling alone For a pooled device such as Kaleidoscope the Model 3000 achieves predict
211. ved The switch occurs during the vertical interval so the picture is not disturbed D Debug To detect and correct malfunctions of a computer or errors in a computer program GA Decoder A device used to generate component video signals from an encoded video source Diagnostics A program usually resident in the computer consisting of several routines which check for malfunctions and identify faulty components Also see Program and Routine Downstream Keyer DSK A keyer that inserts the key downstream of the effects system video output Dupe A duplicate copy of a videotape or to make such a copy Duration The length of time in hours minutes seconds and frames that a particular effect or event lasts DPM Digital Picture Manipulator E EBU Format Acolor difference video format that uses Y R Y and B Y components Editor A control system usually computerized which allows the control of video tape machines video and audio switchers and other devices remotely from a single control panel EDL Edit Decision List A record of edit decisions made for a program in times out times and effects Often saved on a floppy disk it can be used for Auto Assembly at a later time Glossary EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory An information storage device on which the information cannot readily be changed It is nonvolatile memory in that power conditions do no
212. video key 0 and areas where there is video key 0 even though the video is Black Super Black accomplishes this by making the areas where the key 0 a lower value than Black that is blacker than Black Advantages of using a Super Black Output m You can use one tape machine to record shaped video which is video that has been multiplied by a key The key shape is encoded on the edges of the video m By keying the return shaped video in self key luminance key mode and setting the keyer clip between super black and black you can recover the video fill and drop shadows that may be present in the video Using the Super Black Output Drawbacks of using a Super Black Output m The reconstruction of the video and key is rarely perfect and quite a bit of control adjustment is necessary to produce the best results m Keying from Super Black produces a hard edged key only No shadows softness or transparency can be used Generating Super Black The basic equations for a Super Black Signal are as follows Super Black Output Input Key Input Video Super Black Value Super Black Value When the Input Key Value is 0 Super Black Output Super Black Value When the Input Key Value is 1 Super Black Output Input Video When the key is in between 0 and 1 you get a linear mix between the Super Black Value and Input Video NOTE The following two methods of generating a Super Black output are mutually exc
213. video format NOTE This function is applied to a key input only if the external key is being used with video or super black 7 After mapping the input you may name the crosspoint by pressing NAME XPT BUTTON gt The Name Xpt Button Menu then appears as shown below NAME XPT BUTTON MENU config inputs map inputs name xpt button String Register Cam 7 Save Get String String E F a HII J K NA Button Name XPT BUTTON NUMBER Cam2 30 SHIFT 14 Character G Use the Preset Bus to select button number 2 3 6 9 CURSOR ACCEPT CURSOR DELETE SAVE GET ACCEPT BACK CHAR FORWARD CHAR STRING STRING NAME 2 20 Configuring Inputs 8 Select each character by turning the soft knobs located to the right of the Menu Display 9 Enter the selected character by pressing the ACCEPT CHAR button The new character will be displayed in the menu 10 Continue selecting characters in this manner until the desired name is spelled out in the menu You may enter up to 9 characters for the input name NOTE For a 3000 3 with the Input Readout Display option only the first 4 characters of the name will be displayed 11 Press ACCEPT NAME to store the source name 12 Repeat steps 3 through 11 until
214. ws rapid storage and retrieval of information It is usually considered volatile in that the information is lost if power is interrupted Raster Thearea of a TV picture tube that is scanned by the electron beam Real Time Actual clock time in which events occur Reboot The process of re loading the computer operating program see Boot Recall To bring a setup from E MEM memory and set up a switcher with it Re entry Entry or apparent entry of a processed video signal into another processing circuit e g Mix Effects into Program Preset Register A storage location in micro processor memory which is accessed for storage or recall by one of the buttons on the E MEM keypad RGB Red green blue the three primary colors used in video transmission reception often referring to the three unencoded color component outputs of a color camera RGB Chroma Key A key effect in which the key signal is derived from chrominance information hue and saturation contained in the RGB color components of a video signal S Saturation The intensity of a color the degree by which the eye perceives a color as departing from a gray or white scale of the same brightness A saturated color does not contain any white Self Key A key effect in which the same video signal serves as both the key source and the fill source Sequence An operating mode which allows automatic recalls of the contents of a series of E MEM r
215. y hard to tell which source is on the front and which is on the back without stopping to think and inspecting the display However near is always what is visible so you can just press the NEAR or FAR button to change a source memory parameter for whichever side you want The NEAR or FAR buttons or Aux Bus Menu selections are used to delegate the sides of the video image The near side is not necessarily the same as the front Consider the following analogy Manipulating Video Images The displayed picture has a front side and a back side the same way a U S dollar bill does The side with George Washington on it is the front and the side with the pyramid eagle is the back This is still true even if you turn the bill around twist it or roll it up the front is always the side with George s face on it If you turn the bill around 180 degrees so that George is facing away from you then the front of the bill is facing away too and the back of the bill is visible This is the difference between front back and near far front and back may be pointing in any direction but the near side is always the side that is visible and the far side is the side that is no visible When the DPM or switcher is initialized the Front side of the video is what is visible The currently visible side is the Near Side If the video is rotated 180 degrees so that the front side is facing away from our view then the Back side is the Near sid
216. zoomed onto a portion of the timeline the Time Cursor may be positioned off screen A FIND CURSOR button appears when the cursor is off screen This button allows you to bring the portion of the timeline that contains the Time Cursor back on screen While zooming with AUTO PAN on the timeline display is automatically panned so that the cursor remains on screen Keyframe Operations Using Zoom and Pan You can use this procedure to see how the Zoom and Pan features work 1 Recallan effect with 6 keyframes and a duration of 5 seconds Place the time cursor at KF 1 0 00 2 Adjust the ZOOM soft knob to a setting of 1 9x in order to see keyframes 1 3 on the Timeline Menu 3 Adjust the PAN soft knob to see keyframes 3 and 4 4 Press FIND CURSOR Note that KFs 1 3 are re displayed with the cursor still at KF 1 5 Adjust PAN again to view KFs 4 6 6 Press the FULL SIZE button to view all 6 KFs again 7 Press LAST PAN ZOOM to again view KFs 4 6 8 Adjust ZOOM back to the 1 0x setting Cut Copy and Paste Keyframes You can change the position of keyframes with the Cut Copy and Paste functions The current keyframe can be copied and removed from an effect by pressing CUT With previous versions of software a cut could be performed on all delegated timelines in the effect if the Run Cursor on the Master Timeline was on a keyframe If there was no keyframe at that point on an individual delegated timeli

Tektronix Grass Valley 3000 User's Manual

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