Samsung HM020GI User's Manual
Contents
1. MI 5 gab of core Millisecond One thousandth Speed unit of HDD efficiency Multimedia Extension Intel s new CPU chip Added new 57 orders to run image and sound MMX n T EE efficiency is improved about 10 20 MP Mass production MPC Multi media Personal Computer MR head Magnetic Resistive head For high efficiency HDD IBM developed the marginal head which is enable to separate read write applying MR elements to read head of thin film head MRB material review board Mean Time Between Failure average time of occurring failure This is one of most important MTBF Rm reliability factor not the actual measured value but the calculated value of every companies MTTF Mean Time to failure same as MTBF MTTR Mean Time To Repair average time to repair Generally the replacing time of PCBA or HDA Zone Bit Recording Constant Recording While recording data on rotating disk the inside diameter get shorter of sector length and outside diameter get longer of that if the frequency of Multi Zone s Recordin signals is constant So we make drive capacity higher if make the sector length same with 9 outside diameter and inside diameter We also say Constant Angular Velocity CAV and Constant Linear Velocity CLV MVT Maturity Verification Test Test for MP possibility ORT On going reliability test Test for MTBF and long time test in normal condition Burn in test progress with mal condition OS Operating System Control and2. pu VIRUS SJ15 Fdisk Format N gt SYSTEM E FAT format error SJ16 ERROR compatibility SJ13 pem FS TEST OK SJ19 TIMEING control speed SJ12 ERROR other failure SJ23 C PASS M40S SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 8 How to progress Burn in Test 1 Summary of B I Test Progress defect detection and reliability test of HDD according to program written in maintenance cylinder in temperature 40 5 C humidity 50 10 stress condition 2 Progress B I Test D A way of detection for HDD defect by reading writing the existing written information 3 Flow sheet D Down load if small defect like mentioned above occurred Progress ALT I in HUTIL program Be sure to check download before progress B I program Led off if there is no program down loaded or maintenance cylinder is unreadable 8 As Main and B I Firmware are separate from VG11 VG11 series progress test after changing to Firmware before test if B I finished change main firmware 2 Check appearance amp jumper pin status test is Led off if jumper pin connection is incorrect 8 Connect drive to power supply same as drive ready If drive is progressing burn in regularly led blink after ready If drive is progressing burn in irregularly led off after ready Led Off or ready state if the initial state isn t burn in low or cont in flow when we check program by loadi
3. M40S Series Model HMO6OII 080 1 HARD DISK DRIVE service D Hard Disk Drive Specification summary Block Diagram of HDD Connector amp Jumper Pin Assignments 8 How to check if HDD is working Exploded View Maintenance Cylinder Configuration How to use HUTIL Program How to progress Burn In Test 16 6 G O Q LD Caution 7 7 Attachment 1 The basic information related HDD Attachment 2 HDD related terms Attachment 3 Q amp A SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 1 Specification Summary 80 80 0GB 4CH Items Specification Remarks Voltage Requirement DC 12 10 DC 5V 5 Interface Serial ATA 1 5Gbps HMO020GI 20 0GB 1CH HMO40HI 40 0GB 2CH Capacit UDMA133supportin Rae HMO60II 60 0GB 3CH os HMO020GI 1 Disk 1 Head HMO40HI 1 Disk 2 Head Disk Head HMO060HI 2 Disk Head 6 2 Disk 4 Head S M A R T Compliant Features Buffer size 8 Mbytes MTBF POH 550 000 hours eee Track to Track 0 8 1 0 ms eek Time typical 8 9 10 ms Full Stroke 18 19 ms 5400 0 5 Temperature Operating 0 60 C Humidity Operating 5 90 Non condensing Temperature Non operating 40 70 C Linear Shock Humidity Non operating 5 95 Linear Shock Operating 300 G 2 0ms Linear Shock Non
4. FNLTST Final Test CHN_TBL ine CHTBLO Channel Table GEO_TBL GEOTBL Drive Geometry Table VLIST_H VLSTHD Servo Defect List header VLIST V_LIST Servo Defect List SLIST_H SLSTHD Slip Sector List Header SLIST S_LIST Slip sector list TLIST T LIST Track Defect List RLIST R LIST Reassign List TMPRTURE TMPREC Temperature Measurement Data SET MAX SETMAX Set max LBA number SECURITY SECUTY Security data SV TBL2 SVBKUP Servo table backup CHN TB2 CHTBL1 Channel table backup OVERLAY OVRLAY Overlay firmware code BI TIME BITIME Burn In test time ER CNT ERRCNT Burn in error count SV_ERCNT SVECNT Burn in servo error count SCN_GRAY SCNGRY Scan gray data PAR_MON PARMON Burn in channel parameter monitor WK_HEAD WKHEAD Weak head data WRW TPIWRW Burnin measurement data MR TUNE MRTUNE MR head tune data DLIST alallala lalalala al l lololo D_LIST Primary defect list 5 _ N A TSTGEO Geometry table for test select TPI BPI SMRT SMRTBL Smart data SMRT LOG SMRTLG Smart log SMRT WTS SMRTWT Smart write test SMRT HLG SMTHLG Smart host log BI
5. But we are cautious that no matter what the data is so small use one independent cluster For example a cluster occupy 1 Kbyte can t written any other files The rest of cluster are useless If we have 1 025 Kbyte file we need two cluster to written If the size of cluster is getting bigger the efficiency of disk is lower but the speed of that is faster than refer to picture Track Sector Side Track Sector oe M40S 24 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 2 The logical mechanism of hard disk Hard disk consists of boot record FAT root directory data field D Boot Record Boot record is consists of sector 1 track 0 side 0 Boot record is the one of most important parts It has some information about the physical structure of disk If boot record is vanished the disk is useless entirely The physical information mean for example the number of FAT capacity of disk something like that Also has boot record also contains programs to make work the operating systems The program which is capable of working the operating systems is the definition containing several specific information like the number of byte per sector the total of sectors in disk FAT It says that quota information field that is the memory field about where the file is located in real data field Just like we are known the rooms occupied or empty by a hotel account book Most files occupy several cluster not just one cluster Cluster belong to a files is
6. on Base f base could be effected by external and internal vibration spindle motor amp actuator s fake vibration relative displacement occurred between head and disk so to reduce this effect to PES Position Error Signal and data signal shape design concerned mode shaping should be needed 2 Cover Cover protect HDD components from the exterior impact and play role of sealing to cut off particle and moisture which could be a fatal factor to head and disk Cover is also designed in consideration of noise and vibration effect Co ARM E block ARM is assembled HGA and VCM coil back and forth and it is connected to pivot axis pivot bearing When VCM coil generate torque due to electromagnetic force of VCM ARM swing around pivot and play a role of carriage so as head may access to information side of disk nert a t is the best way to shorten data access time that shows how fast head can reach to the proper point on of HOD efficiency is minimizing ARM s weight to decrease inertia And then to decrease weight of ARM it ll be composed low density materials and reduce ARM s size within safety allowed when designed Unbalance f the center of gravity for ARM isn t the same with that of pivot center unbalance occur and it caused ARM to torque And acceleration might affect on unbalance mass in condition impact or vibration are given from the exterior In case of magnetic latch this unbalance could be a reason that latch released Therefor
7. FREE Jdisk Defect isn t available for read and exceed the capacity to progress defect write free F6 Key READ TEST Read wether damage on the disk side or F2 Key WRITE TEST Write the regular data on disk side F4 Key DELETE Erase all the previous Data entirely at leo test F7 e SYSTEM pass product 4 HEAD is located at cylinder of disk correctly 5 f E HUTIL test PES fail and is tested write read is available Product which CD MD ID defect is occurred in Repeat read write for with many hours and HUTIL test is downloaded head test by ALT I progress defect free finally for the product and if it is passed only power on confidence needed Repeat led once is pass fail when BURN IN TEST fail happen once more To check defect of HDD svc tool read write head pes are manufactured to test Check menu with F10 Key HUTIL TEST des defect and this is available for defect free and Refer to HUTIL manual for usage other variable test M40S 11 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 7 How to use HUTIL Program 1 Before you start HUTIL support from Voyager11P to PALO series HUTIL 1 12 version HUTIL has been upgrading constantly whenever new model comes out Preparation before use Diskette or HDD containing HUTIL EXE should be boot up to MS DOS mode that is should be contained 65 5 MSDOS SYS COMMAND COM IO SYS MSDOS SYS hidden file And also HUTIL CFG is required 2 Explanation of eac
8. Parts made of rubber to protect inner inflow air and moist from the outside of HDD E E Data storing unit Accurately 1 073 741 824 bytes 1024 1024 1024 i e 1 000MB GMR Head Giant Magneto Resistive head New type head of MR head Half height One of the standard height specification of HDD and the real height is 1 6inch Hard Hard error is a continuous misreading due to defect of disk surface and it can read correct Error Soft data if case of read again we call this soft error Error HDA Head Disk Assembly half assembled product of HDD SPINDLE MOTOR DISK HSA VCM etc are sealed within Base and Cover HDA label Label remarked assembly status of Disk Head by 5digit english amp number M40S 31 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Hard Disk Drive memory device by transferring data to permanent magnetic field rather than digital pulse It organized HDA and PCBA Head Read write data on disk directly MIG Thin film MR GMR The damages of read write and media cause a sudden contact between head and disk surface Head Crash CUR oe they are also occurred because of dust particles or other contamination within HDA Head Stack Status ARM and HGA assembled Height Vertical height of HDD 1 inch height is used generally in case of 3 5 drive HGA Head Gimbal Ass y recording and replaying data and it organized slider and suspe
9. broken codes are displaying automatically HUTIL Program Label error AJ44 N gt PCBA ERROR Label damaged AJ45 ERROR PCBA burnt AJ12 PCBA ding break AJ13 HDA ding scratch AJ32 Y lt PCBA exchange gt gt HDA n PCBA No spin AJ35 _ PCBA Not ready AJ36 Power Test ERROR i HDA spin AJ33 N gt BEA ERROR HDA Not ready AJ34 Med ROM failure AJ39 START PCBA amp HDA failure AJ46 MOTOR Noise AJ37 HEAD Check i HEAD ERROR Es HEAD failure AJ43 gt Yy Seek Test 100Cyl Seek per dimension if 3 more error per dimension Fai Write head in Max cylinder before write test if Error Next Cyl TEST until 10Cyl if it is fail OD 100 MD 50 ID 100 PES ERROR 7 RRO ERROR PES FAIL AJ47 gt MECHANISM Y Y gt ERROR FAIL AJ48 N gt Maintenance Cylinder 0 Maintenance Cylinder When it Read to Happen Error on CYL number1 MEDIA ERROR Hand TEST N gt DEFECT FREE HEAD RETRY AJ42 l D scatter hits AJ22 I D continuous AJ23 scatter hits 24 M D continuous AJ25 O D scatter hits 26 O D continuous AJ27 SEEK NOISE AJ38 continuoud more than 15Cylinder 1
10. drive to user Defect magnet is a method can arrange the defects in read write from the replaced sector Multi Zone Recording Zone bit recording or constant recording are the same In case we record data on spinning disk in constant frequency signal shorten the inside caliper and lengthen the outside diameter If we make this evenly the capacity of drive is improved M40S 26 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 5 Master Slave Cable Select When we attached 2 IDE drive one is master and the other is slave Being a M S whether or not of drive is determined by jump in drive or cable select BPI Abbreviation of bit per inch recording density towards a circumference Usually we decide the maximum diameter of track G Buffer The RAM where executed data between HDD and host computer is stored in RAM temporary The resolution of the bottleneck according to difference of speed and improving the efficiency G Controller Same as disk controller chip or circuit make possible transfer command and data of computer according to HDD DMA Abbreviation of direct memory access a technique for transferring data from main memory to a device without passing it through the CPU This is useful for making quick backups and for real time applications Servo Local control technology enable to read and write data When spinning flatter high speeded read data head is the accurate position according to the position written data this technology could be a standard
11. far away the head is from the desired data it is similar to a time that head takes to spin a half of the whole track 4 Latency In general the period of time passing through the unreadable region Its time is similar to passing time across the half of hard disk circle 5 Inter Leave The physical sector numbers among the continuous sectors logically on disk Logical sector is not corresponding to that of physical the reason is that disk head needs some time can read next sector from the first sector accepting data Disk head has to keep spinning the while If a data in and next data in sector 2 1 1 inter leave in sector 3 1 2 inter leave 1 1 isn t always efficiency because data of the sector1 receive from memory then try to receive sector2 if the disk is already spun need one more spin 6 Partition The logical region of disk Normally disk divides logical region into physical region The former contains side track sector and the latter contains partition In dos systems you can partition a disk and each partition will behave like a separate disk drive Dos recognize two sort of partitions M40S 25 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 8 DOS PARTITION This is to dos as system disk is to floppy disk and dos is run by this partition 0 EXTENDED DOS PARTITION The rest region of the disk was occupied by dos partition The size of partition from dos 4 0 isn t restricted hard disk over 32MB to DOS 3 3 must be treated as a ind
12. is possible to control the current flow and time interval with Hall element and MR element these are sensitive to voltage change The magnetic disk of hard disk is running by DC Brushless direct drive motor directly Brush has long life and high reliability because it doesn t have belt Recently we use flat motor to be adopted to the request of minimizing The rotation bearing is supported by Fluid Dynamic Bearing FDB this is not keeping high speed spinning but also reducing resistance even eliminating and this make the acceleration better The life of hard disk is up to the durability of this bearing supporting revolving axis Spindle motor rotate a disk media at regular speed This device start to rotate as soon as M40S 8 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE put power on and no matter what HOD read or write data spindle motor always revolve Besides accurate reading from the media point of view is possible when maintain the constant speed within 0 1 rotation error The control circuit of spindle motor receive the index data from the spindle motor or media at every spin and check whether constant speed persists or not then revise the speed Spindle motor is applied to 06 brushless motor 12 Actuator Hard disk has 2 disks so it has 4 written sides and each side needs each written replay device 8 heads needed This 4 heads can t work independently Each head is connected with one carriage and set as running altogether For example one h
13. manage computer system to use more easily for user DOS UNIX etc Outer Crash Stop Parts decide outer range as ARM can move this parts is a stopper of HEAD out of DISK M40S 33 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Time to perform the real order for controller host adaptor and drive The faster overhead is Overhend the faster performing time Overwrite Recorded data erased by overlapping the existing data Parking Zone Landing Zone Partition When we use one HDD for multi ones dividing section logically every memory section is partition For example 2 5GB HDD can be used for one 2 1GB computer and one 400MB PCBA Printed Circuit Board Assembly Kind of IC and Chips are Soldered on board and make run HDA PCBA is a half finished goods PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association Pentium 586 Microprocessor to apply IBM type developed by Intel EUNT Pentium s next CPU 5 5 billion transistor integrated There are 150 166 180 200MHz Pro P6 686 Ad uu Additional device except basic CPU There Disk Drive Tape Drive CD ROM PIO Programmed Input Output Pivot Roll bearing is fixed on the rotating center of ARM Bearing Plated Disk is covered with hard metal alloy rather than disk compound Media The more data could be stored Platter Metal di
14. operating 600 G 2ms linear shock M40S SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 2 Block Diagram of HDD EE PREAMP amp READ WRITE WRITE DRIVER CHANNEL CIR E Marvell Marvell 88C6590 G214M HDA A SPINDLE MOTOR amp ACTUATOR COMBO DRIVER 1 82502 i U Buffer 64Mbit KAS641682H UC6O HDD PCBA PCB ASSEMBLY HDA HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY HEAD DISK VCM Voice Coil Motor SPM Spindle Motor PCBA M40S 3 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE M40S SPINDLE MOTOR amp ACTUATOR COMBO DRIVER ILS2502 Buffer 64Mbit Channel IC amp HDC 8816525 18pin Connector SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 3 Connector Jumper Pin Assignment Serial Connector Interface Signals Pin Function Definition Data 51 Ground Ground Signal 52 Differential Signal Pair Connection 53 Differential Signal Pair 54 Ground Ground 55 TX Differential Signal Pair 56 Differential Signal Pair 57 Ground Ground Key and Spacing separate signal and power segment Power 1 V33 3 3V Management P2 V33 3 3V P3 V33 3 3V P4 Ground Ground P5 Ground Ground P6 Ground Ground P7 V5 5V P8 V5 5V P9 V5 5V P10 Ground Ground
15. scattered in many parts on disk not existing constantly If cluster is vanished or destroyed we don t know the linking state So we can t read files properly 8 Root Directory All of disk have only one root directory Root directory exist certainly whether sub directory exist or not Root directory is the memory field which remember the files on disk and the list of sub directory And sub directory is treated as files in root directory Using the disk is restricted when root directory is damaged like as file quota table 3 Terms about hard disk D Seek Time Seek time is referred to the time that head in disk takes to located a particular piece of data which has information the head want to read Disk speed is getting faster according to seek time speed Strictly speaking seek time of track vs track tell the more accurate disk speed Seek time of track vs track refer to the time that the disk head which is in present location move to the just next side of sector of track 2 Access Time The access time for disk drives includes the time it actually takes for the read write head to locate a sector on the disk called the seek time For example the last read head located on track 3 and the next information is located on track 4 the time to try want read access time is the same for a seek time of track vs track But we are not sure the location of the next information we regard this as a average time This is an average time since it depends on how
16. set promptly in state fail limit and limit are decided according to defect numbers This progress is available for test in case of lots of set A weak point is that limit is hard to be decided because LED user judge pass or B l failure for himself x Pass standard of EDC in case of S C in Europe All in Progress test gt defects are occurred no more than 0 4 gt progress D F judge pass Standard of test Progress test defect is occurred less than 5 200 gt judge test after B I down loading Failure standard Progress test gt defect is occurred more than 200 gt failure little bit differ from real case because the standard is a example which HUTIL user progress the test after data analysis 2 How to Short Long Test Head check PES check M C check media check If defect is occurred during media test progress D F keeping on test progress In case of Auto test failure code is appeared on screen so failure is judged commonly It takes lots of times because defect is progressed whenever error occurred Two methods above have weak and strong point both so apply these to proper condition Standard of failure judgment Auto test Head Check 8 Write Head All heads are progressed to write at the last cylinder ID region If it is fail to write due to cylinder error progress again in the next inner cylinder Record failure status to the corresponding head after progress error check to all 10
17. AS_SHK BIASHK Bias shock data M40S END FIT End of Record SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE X Explanation of terms for HDD repairing 5 SYMPTOMS m Motor doesn t drive When HDD power on LED is in on and motor NOT READY start to drive At this time head make NR vibration and start to drive then stop the vibration and led is off at the same time Led is still on off mode when power on PCB failure Led is still in on mode and doesn t make any vibration DISK DEFECT Symptoms for damage at disk side ID MD OD failure is occurred in ID Defect is occurred at the inner part of disk leo test process rate 0 3396 OD Defect is occurred at the middle part of disk 34 66 MD Defect is occurred at the out part of disk 67 100 ID MAINTENANC Part of basic information like defect etc y E CYLINDER Maintenance cylinder defect HDD DEFECT MC SPIN MOTOR rotate disk and if it is impacted make a When power on some irregular noise is NOISE SM big noise due to damage occurred at general motor how many times does it cost to progress read ERASED TIME a test in leo actually This is SUFFECTED in drive NORMAL TIME Prescribed read test time by product company Read and defect free are progressed AUTO TEST ALT A Key automatically Transfer defect on disk into buffer cylinder on OD MD ID is occurred when defect free error DEFECT
18. CBA failure power state Execute again after changing PCBA Off condition if power cable is Power cable failure in burn in rack connected to drive Short occur when it is connected drive to power cable then come to off so unplug power cable and reconnect in 30 second M40S 22 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 9 Caution Hard disks are very fragile electro mechanical devices which are very sensitive to external shock and vibration therefore be careful when you use not to be impacted and broken by static electricity 1 Handling Damage example from impact D If you move HDD while it is running Spindle motor of the interior in HDD start to spinning at high speed as soon as power on Accordingly if you move HDD without fixing previously when power on head is possible to collide disk and at this time floating particles occur And these particles damage to disk then cause failure 2 If you dropped or knocked HDD If you dropped or knocked HDD even though while it isn t running head collide disk due to vibration of ARM and at this time floating particles occur And these particles damage to disk then cause failure 2 Damage example for static electricity D Man is easily charged with electricity so if we handle PCBA of HDD the high voltage affect on IC or circuit and this become a failure cause 3 Unconsciousness characteristic of product D Keeping the interior of HDD stainless make w
19. ID region continuousness Continuous scratch more than 15 cylinders divergence Divergent scratch less than 15 cylinders 5 Test OK Remark Test OK if no problem occurred when test done If it passed due to D F remark Defect free by pass and show the corresponding failure region in the below At this time input the code of failure region shown and the control code 15 a Defect controlled Display Read time with checking during Read test Stop reading if expecting read time exceeded 10 when 50 tested 4 HUTIL Error message D Error messages ECC ERROR Where the data was written data writing dimension in sector data zone occur physical damage hard related error disk ding by head caused by impact and vibration or logical damage soft related error error is occurred during writing Logical error damage could be cured by re writing DATA AM NOT FOUND ERROR Damaged address mark AM current address information of data among the structure of sectors containing the logical and physical defect ABORTED COMMAND Message when HDD can t recognize the fixed order in program PCBA failure or HDA failure M40S SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 2 Example of disk failure lt Error List gt SEC Error List 117 ECC Err 106 Data Am Not Found 110 ECC Err 12 ECC Err 13 ECC Err ECC Err ECC Err po po wo Op NY a Most of case defects cylinder are sporadic or co
20. Master Slave etc Jumper Pin small parts enable to choose drive running mode Master Slave KB Kilo Byte MB Mega Byte GB Giga Byte K M G have double meanings First KB MB GB K 1000 1000000 G 1000000000 second 2710 1024 2 20 1048576 G22 30 1073741824 second one is more accurate mean HDD capacity but we usually we use by the first one Both of them means the landing location of head when spindle motor stopping This zone used Landing Zone Parkin for protecting the risk of data damage caused from the contact between head and disk this Zone 9 zone is not stored Recently most drives using VCM are designed head should be landed landing Zone automatically Latch Parts enable to hold ARM putting on head in constant power LATCH HEAD is located in parking zone on off at this time latch screw connected in parking magnetic SCREW and make head fixing latch force is determined by magnetic power Waiting time until target sector seek time after Read Write Head arriving at the target track Latency Rota UT 2 tional Generally 1 2 of spindle cycle One cycle time of disk is 16 7ms in case of spin speed is latency 3600rpm then average waiting time should be 8 3ms This Latency is a one of most factor for drive efficiency transferring speed is better getting shorter waiting time M40S 32 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE LBA mode Logical block allocation DOS m
21. P11 Device Activity Stagger Spin up This pin was reserved in control SATA 1 0a P12 Ground Ground P13 V12 12V P14 V12 12V P15 V12 12V BIOS Setup Parameter Model CYL HD PRE LZ SEC SIZE Remarks LBA HM020GI 38 869 16 X X 63 20 GB 39 179 952 HMO040HI 77 622 16 X X 63 40 GB 78 242 976 06011 116 374 16 X X 63 60 GB 117 304 992 HM080JI 155 127 16 X X 63 80 GB 156 368 016 405 5 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 4 Exploded View gt as F 2d e v gt 2 Cover Assembly m Clamp Disk Disk Ramp Spacer Disk C J Pa VCM Top Yoke dips A 76 77 Disk Ct Head Stack Assembly C Latch an 22 _ lt gt VCM Bottom Yoke 7 Spindle Motor TD GE mem S 4 Q AE E 1 Base Machined ins Q gt T Sy Insulator gt M40S SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE lt lt Major components of HDD gt gt HOD is formed by major components as follows Base Cover ARM E Block Latch Crash Stop Pivot Bearing Breather Filter Window Clock Window Push Pin Jump Pin Spindle Motor Actuator Magnetic Head Magnetic Disk PCBA 1 Base Base could be a basic frames for HOD assembly Spindle motor ARM VCM cover and PCBA are assembled on it and other components are sub assembled on those configuration ARM and Spindle motor assembled to Head and Disk each in advance then those are assembled
22. URITY DISABLE SECURITY UNLOCK amp DISABLE Drive is unlocked permanently c SET SECURITY PASSWORD Lock drive with designated Password d PASSWD Password e IDENTIFIER USER MASTER f LEVEL HIGH MAXIMUM VENDOR UNIQUE SET SECURITY Unlock drive without user password a VU SET SECURITY UNLOCK SECURITY UNLOCK Drive is unlocked during drive power is on after power off drive will be locked again b VU SET SECURITY DISABLE SECURITY UNLOCK amp DISABLE Drive is unlocked permanently c VU SET SECURITY PASSWORD Lock drive with original password J 48BIT LBA SUPPORT Change drive 48bit lba on off OPTION ABOUT HUTIL M40S 15 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Version of HUTIL DOS SHELL Execute DOS Shell If you want back to HUTIL input EXIT DRIVE INFORMATION Open the information window about the target HDD Press ESC to close EXIT TO DOS End HUTIL program 3 The others Difference of read test and auto test Difference from HUTIL user refer to supplement D How to Read All From Test In read all test case only show error status on screen not to progress D F defect free but to read This method is available for test in case of lots of set because we can save D F time if defects are occurred In case of S C in Europe All in progress the test by using read test F2 First progress all read and if defect is occurred during progress decide failure or judgment quickly to select
23. about HDD efficiency Local controller apply stepping spindle motor or voice coil motor to head located in actuator and settled a position More over another important factor is how far the magnetic head could fly on the surface of hard disk The lower the height of magnetic head is the narrower the magnetic region on the disk surface so the more data can be read or written on the same disk surface M40S 27 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Attachment 2 Explanation of HDD terms Access Read write or update inforamtion on some storage medium such as a disk The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data Access time is available from the drive Access time includes the actual seek time rotational latency and command processing overhead time Actuator The internal mechanism that moves the read write head to the proper track Allocation The process of assigning particular areas of the disk to particular data or instructions Allocation An Allocation unit is a group of sectors on the disk that can be reserved for the use of a Unit particular file usually in the form of sector block or cluster Buffer An area of RAM reserved for temporary storage of data that is waiting to be sent to a device ABS Air Bearing Surface Establish flat surface slantingly at the both sides of head to make head rise on disk by using air pres
24. are inch BPSI BPI x TPI Breath aem enel E a Filter to prevent contamination occurred inside due to outside air it is putted on air plug Buffer Temporary RAM to store data between HDD and host computer it is used for efficiency improvement Burn in test Reliability test with changing temperature voltage condition Bus The part of a chip circuit board or interface designed to Byte Unit of digital information 1 Byte is 8 bit Optimizing method for drive efficiency read cache is for data transfer from drive to host Cache computer and write cache is from host to drive 256KB in normal It mediate the bottle neck due to speed difference between drive and PC host Capacity Information amount could be stored in HDD Units are MB GB Clean Room No particle room for MP or RMA of HDD Grade of 1000ppm 100ppm 10ppm etc CLIP FPC Components to assemble FPC and SUPPORT FPC Clock Timing standard signal to treatment balance The logical factor to read write real data One cluster is bind 2 sectors generally its size is Cluster 2kbyte Compatibility ie NT t st Test hardware device or software s compatibility to confirm compatibility Controller Disk Controller also chip or circuit can be transfer data order of computer to available to HDD Protect parts within HDD from the exterior impact and particle and moist fatal fact caused Cover head and disk failure CPU Central Processing Unit Control inpu
25. ave timing and positioning information only Servo Encoding is a data transferring method before recording data pattern to disk and Decoding is on Encoding 3 f Decoding the contrary To read recorded data more easily and accurately Encoding and Decoding should be needed Coding methods are MFM 2 7 RLL 1 7 RLL M40S 30 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE The existing IDE specification enable to adhere only 2 drives and transferring speed was low But HDD efficiency are resulted to low the whole capacity according to getting system efficiency i on higher Enhanced IDE has specification of revised IDE AT interface by current BIOS and 528Mb barrier and we settled the low speed problem with this new spec Same as Fast IDE Interface or Local Bus IDE AT Interface EOL End of Life EPROM Erasable programmable read only memory EVT Engineering verification test File allocation table Data table is recorded at the most outer side of disk inform sector FAT location and order of each recorded to Operating system Flux change per inch magnetization rotation density per unit inch Flux Change Per Inch Magnetization rotating density per unit inch Concerned with BPI this FCI FCPI Flu value is decided by track has maximum radius is proportion to FCI according to difference x Density of coding method FDD Floppy Disk Drive 5 25 3 5 dri
26. cuit of disk controller and disk drive PC is used AT IDE and SCSI interface normally 9 IDE Drive Abbreviation of Integrated device electronics This drive make all circuits connected to AT bus directly by putting within drive we call this general AT drive Enhanced IDE Current IDE spec only two drive can be attached and the speed isn t fast The higher capacity of system the lower that of the whole system due to that of HDD Enhanced IDE is an improved IDE AT Interface spec resolve the problem like lower transferring speed and 528MB barrier cause by current BIOS Fast IDE Interface or local bus IDE AT Interface are the same b SCSI Current IDE spec only two drive can be attached and the speed isn t fast The higher capacity of system the lower that of the whole system due to that of HDD Enhanced IDE is an improved IDE AT Interface spec resolve the problem like lower transferring speed and 528MB barrier cause by current BIOS Fast IDE Interface or local bus IDE AT Interface are the same 2 Defect Free A region isn t able to read exist in media When we find defect like this in manufacturing process we replace with the normal region Thus we can supply perfect drive to user Defect magnet is a method can arrange the defects in read write from the replaced sector 3 ECC On the Fly A region isn t able to read exist in media When we find defect like this in manufacturing process we replace with the normal region Thus we can supply perfect
27. cylinders e g Head 0 Fail Head 1 Pass Read Head Seek 100 cylinders per OD MD ID regions remark failure if error occurred in M40S 16 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 3 times per region Judge failure by reading not the whole cylinder but servo sector only because it is apt to mistake failure to head failure due to scratch 2 PES Check PES RCO Mechanism Compare PES value from the first cylinder starting OD except MC MD ID region to the 3rd cylinder Check 30 times per 1 cylinder Remark failure when error occurred more than 3 times per 1 cylinder Maintenance Cylinder Check M C Read Maintenance cylinder from the number of 0 to the last n case of MC remark failure when error happened one time 4 Media Check Read from OD to ID region same as the existing read test function and progress D F whenever defect occurred 8 Auto Defect Free Reading along OD to ID region progress D F promptly if defect occurred Read the next sector if no defect occurred and progress D F if defect occurred When we don t have any more cylinder space for D F stop progressing D F and then remark defect status for the next 30 defects occurred from the D F stopping location b Remark failure If the number of defects are same in OD MD ID region remark failure in order of OD gt MD gt ID If the number of defects are different in OD MD ID region remark failure in region have the most defects among OD MD
28. d Rectangular and Flat coil type of VCM according to shape and Linear and Rotary type according to rotation method Recently flat coil type and rotation type is general VCM Trapezoid shaping parts connected to ARM with winding coated write in 250 times Winchester Disk drive same as fixed Disk and hard Disk Winchester was the of developing model at that Disk time by IBM establish fixed magnetic disk within airtight space then head rise on connecting disk we apply to all kind of hard disk drive now days Window Clock Make hole so head for servo write to write locational information could enter inside of HDD Window Pusk Pin Pin hole to enter HDA Write cache improve system capacity i e make possible to work while recording information on Write cache disk and this is risk to loose data when off but PC use write cache within operating system like smart drive to prevent that risk M40S 36 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Attachment3 Q amp A x Customer s Q amp A 1 What is Bad Sector Bad sector is divided physical Bad sector Hard defect and logical Bad sector Soft defect D Physical Bad sector Visual defect occur in the surface of disk where is recorded data it contain the minute defect could checking with electric microscope The main occurring cause of physical bad sector are particle impact vibration Among them impact is the most serious cause this affect other components and bad s
29. e shape simulation of ARM should be designed lest the center of gravity should go off center of revolving 4 Latch When power HDD off spindle motor stop spinning and park on the ramp automatically according to the order systemized By that time if head is given any impact or vibration from the exterior head invade data zone clung to disk And then data damaged consequently Latch solve the problem above as latch makes head maintain to be putted on the ramp from external shock 5 Crash Stop Crash stop is made of elastic material and weaken a impact of actuator in emergency condition head getting out of data zone when it move to parking zone or seek M40S 7 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 6 Pivot Bearing Pivot bearing is a roll bearing fixed the center of gyration of ARM Inner Race is fixed by screw after being connected to Base pivot and outer Race is fixed by retaining ring after being connected by ARM s hole and make the ARM s revolving movement actively N Breather Filter In the interior of HDD air flow is formed by the spinning disk in high speed and pressure distribution occurred This pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure of the exterior of HDD and due to this the outside air inflow into the interior caused contamination Breather filter fixed in inflow plug induce clean air and help air circulation Window Clock Head must know the data s location information to access data on disk Servo write is a process o
30. ead move at tenth track and hen the rest come to move at the same track Retrieval information searching is a moving head to track properly faster searching speed the better for a quick access It is profitable to use voice coil motor for a fast searching speed Making narrow width and interval of track is for HOD capacity improvement so can build more tracks on written side so searching movements in head become subtle Therefore servo control the decision of HDD location Magnetic disk is put standard signal for location marking from the manufacturing step Head read this to find the relative difference then run motor mediate the head s location 13 Magnetic Head Magnetic field is formed around the conduct on passing electric current to conductor and the direction and size of magnetic field are decided by those of an electric current Magnetic head build a minute gap in core formed by ring and pass an electric current then strong magnetic leakage are occurred around gap thus magnetic particles of media vary the direction according to the that of current this is called recording On the contrary a process induce magnetic signal to electric signal is called reading decipherment 14 Magnetic Disk Recording carrier become a permanent magnet according to applying magnetic material to the surface and change the magnetization direction of a electromagnet and it is possible to store information duri
31. ector as well and get weak HDD status noise bad sector 2 Logical Bad sector We can t find physical error on the surface of disk where the real data recorded but actually abnormal data recorded in this case Physical bad sector occur due to sudden effect stoppage unstable power head mis running due to impact vibration unstable finish Virus colloision with other hardware But real data storage could not damaged if you over write data again you can use newly recorded data without problem But you d better HDD installation in state of manufactured in factory to prevent next data error After data back up 3 Resolution for bad sector 8 Self examination by Shdiag program b Progress low level format with clear HDD program 2 The real product capacity is not consistent with capacity on window screen The reason of 4 3GB is displayed instead of 4 0GB is follows e g 4 3GB Generally 1K 1000 but 1K 1024 in case of computer The reason is that computer and OS can perceive only two number 0 and 1 So 10 square of 2 is recorded as 1024 2 10 1024 User s capacity of HDD is 4 300 000 000 Byte it is not changed but due to computer perceiving restriction method it looks capacity was reduced Consequently remark is changed according to unit change the real capacity is not changed 3 What is LBA Large and Normal mode LBA and Large mode of HDD is one of the method to recognize the high capacity HDD of 528MB LBA mode has been appl
32. ependent drive each diving two more partitions Transfer Rate The mass of controller is transferred a data from hard disk That is transferring to computer after reading the data from hard disk Transfer rate depends on how faster the disk spin and how many data sector is recorded Cache One of method to optimize capacity of disk drive Drive using read cache send a data to host computer on the contrary write cache used when host send to drive 8 Read Cache How to read the continuous data as well as data needed by host This is possible because the files in drive storage orderly If the host want information read before we transfer information data in buffer without reading dada again This can be picked up the speed b Write Cache All data transferred from host are received in buffer of disk drive host is informed that written already While disk drive is recording host can record another information therefore system efficiency is improved But this is risk loss of data when power is cut off before recording the data yet PC use write cache within operating systems like smart drive so PC doesn t have such like a risk Disk controller which manages the interchange of data between drive and computer and hard ware and soft ware in the circuit of disk controller and disk drive PC is used AT IDE and SCSI interface normally Disk controller which manages the interchange of data between drive and computer and hard ware and soft ware in the cir
33. f drive connected hard disk platter Spindle T motor Motor enable to rotate disk in continuous speed high speed 4500rpm 5400rpm etc Serial Storage Architecture High speed and high efficiency interface technology of IBM SSA i correspond to Seagate s FC AL interface Track HDD have numerous circles in media and these circles write data we call this circle track Track bas Track density attachment density M40S 35 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Transfer rate Data transferring speed among PC and other devices of HDD Tri pad head The existing thin film head have 2 ABS and adding one more ABS head is designed to be profitable to low flying height Produced by SAE ReadRite company f ormatied HDD capacity before formatting capacity Universal Serial Bus Particular chip was connected in period plate and manage keyboard USB mouse printer modem this chip unify the connecting pot shape of other device period plate then make easy to connect and speed is 10 times higher than the current vertical connection VAR Value Added Re seller Vendor sell the existing product after making higher value added Voice Coil Motor Stable and high speed motor applying speaker system make move head in proportion to magnetic strength Motor used voice coil has fewer components than step motor so VCM it is strong for stress and abrasion and move head in high speed They divide
34. f recording information disk To record information we make hole that head for servo write can enter the interior of HOD and this hole is window clock This hole is closed with sealing label after done servo writing be careful not to be occurred inner contamination due to label s injury co Window Push Pin Head should be controlled to move on disk at a regular track pitch interval rate during servo writing ARM is torqued by VCM continuously and was controlled each track s moving using push pin Window push pin is a hole for this the pin could enter interior of HDA and be careful contamination caused by label s injury because this hole is closed by sealing label after done servo writing 10 Jump Pin During installing HOD need setting of pin organization in the next according to the drive running mode master drive in single system master drive in dual system slave drive in dual system 11 Spindle Motor Spindle motor is a sort of small motor which can change electric energy to mechanical energy utilizing for magnetic field When the current of stator s coil formed by electromagnet is on magnetic power occur between stator and rotator repeal occur between same pole and attract occur in case of different pole This power can make rotator revolve and we should keep on changing the magnetic pole of the stator to maintain rotate at regular speed To progress this function we deduct rotation speed and circuit for controlling needed It
35. g normal region so we can product defect free drive Defect management means Management scanning defect and treatment process from replaced data during read write Disk Head record data in this circle plate magnetic disk is general Disk array Group assembled the separate HDD for large capacity DMA Direct Memory Access data transferring method among system memory and HDD without CPU By using DMA CPU can do other works while data transferring efficiency become improved DOA dead on arrival arrival failure DPPM Defect parts per million failure unit Drive Functional definition according to the numbers of head cylinder sector per track Geometry DVT Design Verification test ECC Error correction code Correct error data controller scan and correct error combining user data and parity bit ECC is Error Correction Code Additional recording information per every sector By ECC ECC creation logic data is added on disk and checking and correcting with reading If it is on the Fly correctable error without read action stopping we call this ECC on the Fly with hardware s help within controller E IDE a Enhance Revised interface in IDE way new specification to improve the existing method has problem of IDE low speed Empedded Embedded Servo Arrange servo signal timing location control signal to data and data track in Servo 1 NS CE Dedicated parallel Dedicated Servo Mechanism of dedicated surface of disk h
36. h menu TEST SHORT TEST Menu for random read test no defect free test LONG TEST Read test from the first cylinder to the last in order no defect free test READ ALL Display error list when error is occurred after reading whole cylinder Message will be appeared if the test time delay is over 20 seconds compared with other normal HDD In this case HDD may have problem Progress sequential read test from cyl 0 to the last cylinder No Defect Free Refer to attachment below READ FROM TO Read from the designated cylinder and head to the designated cylinder Press ESC to stop in the middle WRITE ALL Write OOh on all cylinder except maintenance cylinder All data will be removed Even partition table boot sector amp FAT WRITE FROM TO Write from the designate cylinder and head to the designated cylinder DEFECT FREE Progress after Read Drive command Defect free operation for the defects in the error list LONG TEST amp DF Current auto test Check defect and defect free during read test amp examine defect free again M40S 12 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE BURN IN Download burn In script to HDD ERASE amp SCAN Write full surface with 00 pattern and scan full surface OD SCRATCH TEST Check OD for OS area has physical problem AV SCAN TEST scan full surface every 256 Sectors and check elapsed time INFORMATION NEW DEFECT LIST View the error list in memory NEW DEFECT MAP Show defect on drive i
37. ied to SCSI it recognize cylinder head and sector by the way of not three dimensional but one dimensional and numbering the first sector in form of block unit is to number then the sector become a unit and the assigned number become a address then change those numbers into physical three dimensional address of cylinder head and sector At this time LBA mode is useful if BIOS and Hard is applied In case of Large mode if the number of cylinder is in between 1024 2048 divide that value then multiple the number of head and we can use HDD which doesn t apply LBA mode by setting for this method and we can just establish HDD capacity until 528MB in case of Normal mode But we don t produce HDD in normal mode any more The difference of Large and LBA is that LBA is recognized as the number of cylinder was reducing in half and the number of head was raised double and Large mode is set as the same way of general Normal M40S 37 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE mode and extend capacity by raising the number of cylinder Currently most of hard disk is applied to LBA mode so it set as LBA or AUTO in BIOS set up 4 PC is downed with the message of Stack Over Flow while HDD running or can t recognize HDD If internal stack overflow error occurred on the basis of MS DOS system MS DOS MS WINDOWS95 increase the number of internal stacks of CONFIG SYS file and the usages are as follows STACKS number size This number means the number of stacks it i
38. ive b TARGET LBA Set Erase size with LBA c TARGET SIZE Set Erase size with MB d ERASE MBR Erase M B R LBA 0 e LOW LEVEL FORMAT Erase full surface faster with VU Command D SET MAX UDMA MODE Control UDMA limit a PROCESS Change designated speed b UDMA MODE UDMA 33 UDMA 66 UDMA 100 UDMA 133 SATA 150 Support mode depends on drive model c DISPLAY CURRENT MODE Show Current max UDMA mode f setmax is already set on drive we can t use this function E AUTOMATIC ACOUSTIC MANAGEMENT Change AAM mode a PROCESS Change designated speed b AAM MODE DISABLE FAST MIDDLE QUIET Support mode depends on drive model c DISPLAY CURRENT MODE Show Current AAM mode M40S 14 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE F SELF DIAGNOSTIC diagnostic for end user G CHANGE NATIVE SIZE Control Drive size with VU Set Max Command a CHANGE NATIVE SIZE Change Native Size as designated b TARGET LBA Set Native Size with LBA c F W REVISION Change Firmware revision except first 2 charactor d MODEL NAME Change model name SAMSUNG should be on model name because hutil uses model name it is samsung drive or not e RECOVER ORIGINAL SIZE Recover to original Native Size f DISPLAY CURRENT STATUS Show Current native size and original native size H SET SECURITY Control Set Security a SET SECURITY UNLOCK SECURITY UNLOCK Drive is unlocked during drive power is on after power off drive will be locked again b SET SEC
39. n graphic mode These defects are invisible because of done then these are added after defect free done amp Read test or Auto test separately GROWN DEFECT MAP Show the defects in graphic mode during HUTIL program Moving along cursor with up down arrow key these keys are indicated the location of defects in the right list on disk This location is agreed with the real location because skew was concerned in that already The color of an arrow is agreed with those of head which defect occurred This function is applying to Voyager10 11 11P currently and this function can t show the defects during process TOOL SET MAX ADDRESS Control Drive s Max Address a PROCESS Change Max Address to designated size b TARGET LBA Set Max Address size with LBA c TARGET SIZE Set Max Address size with MB d MODE NON VOLATILE VOLATILE Decide Changed Max Address is permanent or volatile e RECOVER NATIVE SIZE Recover to original size f DISPLAY CURRENT STATUS Show Current Size and Original size M40S 13 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE DCO SET MAX ADDRESS Control Max Address with DCO Command a PROCESS Change Max Address to designated size b TARGET LBA Set Max Address size with LBA c TARGET SIZE Set Max Address size with MB d RECOVER NATIVE SIZE Recover to original size e DISPLAY CURRENT STATUS Show Current Size and Original size C ERASE HDD Erase all data in Drive Write with 00 pattern a PROCESS Execute Erase Dr
40. ng burn in program written by how to B I flow SETC 0 SETH 0 SETS 5 M C region 6 Mark failure and Led frequency appear when lots of defects are occurred or error in drive is occurred during burn in test Led is repeated one time if pass after done test Be cautious because burn in test time is different by every model Write end in flow on maintenance cylinder if pass after done test and write fail in flow in fail case 9 Led blank after write the test result Pass repeat one time Fail the number of error code 4 Subject of B I Program Progress B I Program Main order LED Bilnk Format Change Pattern Change Slvel Label Change Retry Count ECC ON OFF Read Track Reverse Read Track Forward Write Track Forward Write Track Reverse Random Write Random Read Record M C if error happened recording location from CYL 1 Head 0 SEC 1 M40S 21 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 5 Failure status and repairing Failure state State Method Remarks LED off after ready when drive Jumper pin connection failure is connected Not execute burn in Check the location of jumper pin and execute to change The location of jumper pin C D is always DxXx All sorts of jumper DCF Size operation DSP Master slave operation C D Master slave operation Led off after ready when drive Not down load is connected Not execute burn in O
41. ng long term 15 PCBA PCBA is a circuit element concerning about HOD running and constructed in engine IC COMBO IC read write IC ROM sort of chip etc Engine IC contained RAM amp Interface IC and exchange information to computer COMBO 16 Controlling spindle motor amp VCM running when HDD power on Read Write IC read write of HOD ROM Checking HDD basic function and management basic spec 16 Ramp 2 5 inch drives usually adopt Load Unload ramp system to prevent head slap for disk basically Head is putted safely on the ramp which is located off disk outer diameter at non operating It makes head avoid to slap disk during the external shock and play a major role to move to disk smoothly at loading and move smoothly and safely to itself to park head at power off M40S 9 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 6 Maintenance Cylinder Configuration File Name Sector Descriptions FSI 1 File System Information record FSI2 Backup copy of FSI FIT File Information Table FIT2 Backup copy of FIT MLIST M LIST Maintenance Cylinder Defect List SV TBL SVOTBL Servo Table CONFIG2 CONFIG2 System Configuration Data CONFIG CONFIG System Configuration Data SERIALNO SERNUM Serial Number BI SCRPT BISCRT Burn In Script BI RESLT BIRSLT Burn In Result CRTRA CRITER Burn In Criteria FNL TEST O
42. nsion for supporting slider usually we say Head High Level Progressing mechanism to format program of management system Root directory File allocation formatting table created Parts made of plastic enable to make routing FPC HSA HEAD STACK ASS Y Assembled HGA with FPC ASS Y in ARM Hz Herz The number of event during 1 second Data Input output IC Integrated circuit Electric circuit assembly of elements of transistor diode resistance on the thin plate of semiconductor CPU of PC and RAM are sort of IC IDE Integrated Device Electronics In IBM PC AT drive type enable to connect all circuits to AT Bus directly Integrated Device Electronics In AT drive enable to connect all circuits to Bus IDE Drive Generally AT drive Initialize Refer to low level formatting interface Disk controller to manage data between drive and computer and hard ware amp software contained within disk drive circuit AT IDE and SCSI interface are usually used in small computer system Interleave Order of sector arranged within track For example interleave factor is 3 1 then arranged by 3 Interleave sectors for sector interval that is it is possible to read sector2 after reading by leaping Factor over 2sector We need 3 rotations to read all data of track Now days Most interleave is 1 1 IQC Incoming quality control Inspection process for import Jumper Device in type of hardware it decide HDD connecting status
43. ntinuous but if defects are partly continuous disk could be judged disk failure It is called the continuous defects scratch it means that head is scratched the disk side in the direction of arc or straight due to impact or vibration after motor run M40S SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE 3 Example for Head related failure lt Error List gt SEC Error 117 ECC Err 106 Data Am Not Found 110 ECC Err 12 ECC Err 13 ECC Err 152 ECC Err 102 ECC Err 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a LL LL 2 o a1 Compared with disk failure head related failure occur in particular HD head from the first cylinder and this is occurred continuously it is occurred in two more heads If failure is continuous we are confused if it is head failure or disk failure At this time read the edge of cylinder again then it is head failure if error still be continuous at the particular head and disk failure in sporadic case And failure occurred with changing cylinder and head continuously it is called assembly failure in inner HDA or caused from other problem HDA related failure Error List gt _HD Head SEC Error 1 117 ECC Err 2 106 Data Am Not Found 110 ECC Err 12 ECC Err 13 ECC Err 152 ECC Err 102 ECC Err KRONA AS 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 M40S SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE HUTIL Test Flow Error Code Codes marked as red among
44. ode to resolve 528MB capacity restriction LED Light Emitting Diode Used for signal light to all kind of electric containing computer Low profile One of standard height of HDD the real height is 1 inch Low level Operating system make sector on disk enable to access in proper region in order to create file formatting structure M ster HDD become booting when put 2 more IDE drives decided C Managed master slave by Jumper control amp CMOS setup Master Slave When 2 IDE drives operated one drive become Master drive C or drive 0 and the other is Slave drive D or drive 1 Master Slave is determined by using jumper within drive or Cable Cable select method jumper setup is different from companies so refer to usages Cable Select has a select complex jumper method so drive become master slave automatically according to decided signal for Cable Select Media Plate substrate coating with magnetic body Casting with lubricant to prevent damage for Head Aluminium landing off where data stored in form of magnetic flux or politary change Mega 4 th 1 KB Byte MB Data storage unit Accurately 1 048 576 Bytes 1 024 1 024 that is 1 000 Clock speed unit for PC clock occur million times per second Hertz MHz Microprocess or Collection of CPU function to LSI large IC Read metal in gab head Improved head has high valued inductance by inserting metal around
45. ork regularly without particle of head or disk therefore the interior of HDD is configurated in clean room after done configuration all cracks through the exterior are sealed by label so if user doesn t recognize this characteristic disjoint the HDD or remove Label or loose Screw could be a failure factor caused by polluted particle 4 Caution in center D There is such case that failure set is arrived in head S C attaching label written failure name to PCBA or the connecting part between cover of HDD and base after screen about failure set receipted in center In this case we have difficulties in repairing because we can t remove label It still looks like failure appearance after done repairing in case of attaching to PCBA and if attaching label to the connecting part of cover and base we can t open cover when we need to separate and repair in clean room Consequently be sure to mark failure name in cover only 2 Packaging requirement Be sure to pack with anti static bag forwarding to the head S C as well as sending to customer after done preparing is the same HDD is very fragile electro mechanical devices mentioned above if we don t keep this failure is getting worse while forwarding Packaging requirement2 Be sure to put HDD in direction of 40 pin connect lower certainly Follow the example form of the head S C package model In corrugated card board box 20 block formed sponges is in the box Then HDD piled anti static bag in each pa
46. rder Can t is occurred during progressing down load ALT l in LEO program Don t execute down load execute again Order Can t is occurred during re progressing in down load state check the drive burn in state Read cyl 1 head 0 sec 5 on Maintenance cylinder and check the burn in program write state Be sure to be in Burn in Flow state if dump 1 INIT 0 2 SETC 1 3 SETH 0 4 SETS 5 5 PHRD 1 6 DUMP Write location according to test result CYL 1 HEAD 0 SEC 10 Read Program 1 INIT O 2 RTRK 4 JLUP 2 3 ADDH 1 MAINTENANC E CYLINDER read Failure Can t read burn in program so perceive as not down loaded state Error is occurred in reading maintenance cylinder or no error is occurred in writing amp formatting maintenance cylinder progress pre test again or down load then execute Burn in If failure is occurred in entire head during writing or formatting check out after changing PCBA If defect is occurred catch hold of failure symptom and failure degree then progress operation execute servo write change disk process in head office Check the error state by reading CYL 1 HEAD 0 SEC 5 in maintenance cylinder Execute one more heads during writing amp formatting not one head only Failure can t duplicate if check the same head LED failure Drive is ready regularly but only led can t run Due to led specific amp imperfect soldering change PCBA then repair P
47. rtition lay in the sponge 40 pin connect is lowered M40S 23 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Attachment 1 The basic information related HDD The basic information of HDD 1 The logical elements constituted hard disk D Track The data inputted by computer was written at tracks on disk The tracks in spite of invisible are the concentric circles from the center of disk to the outside The tracks are divided into spaces regularly The number of tracks is different according to the size and capacity of disk Sector Data are recorded in track on disk it means data is written on tracks which is divided into sector on disk The data is written on tracks which is divided into sector on disk A sector is a piece of pizza naming track 8 Side Disk has two sides like a coin has the front and the back side The front side of disk is side 0 the back is called side 1 Cylinder The definition of cylinder is added the meaning of track and side A track 1 on side 1 is different from a track 1 on side 2 But cylinder 0 means the both of tracks in side and 1 That is cylinder 0 means all number 0 of tracks on both sides 5 Cluster Disk has physical mechanism that constituted track divided by the location of read write head and sector divided by track It s a fact that there is a real logical factor that is cluster make the data can read write One cluster consists of two sectors usually The capacity is 2 Kbyte commonly in hard disk
48. s possible to designate by 8 64 Default 9 and the size means stacks size 32 512 Default 128 Internal stack overflow occur on using the program which can make memory assigned stack region apply hardware work and also this problem occur during progress of RAM residential program or applicable program on the basis of non windows system 5 Bad Sector often occur Hard disk is supported by IDE system under the 486 computer IDE system can set to the extent of 2 hard disks and though it was set high capacity hard disk the real capacity is up to 528MB From 529MB EIDE extended IDE type supporting computer re cognize as Bad Sector If your computer doesn t support EIDE you can use disk manager program you can download this in utilities of our web site In times of CMOS set up make Hard disk recognized as Auto Defect in EIDE supporting computer and make HDD mode to LBA if BIOS is AMI Award 6 Parking should be necessary when turn PC off M40S HDD which can t supporting Auto parking has been damaged by stopping read write head on data region if it is off suddenly To protect this problem we have to move head to parking region by parking program but we need not progress additional parking program to move head to parking head 38
49. sk record data within HDD POH Power On Hour used for MTBF Power PC RISC type CPU is developed by IBM Apple and Motorola commonly PQT Pre qualification test Partial Response Maximum Likelihood this is a read write method to improve recordi density and PRML data transferring rate This method enable to improve capacity as 30 more than the existing data transferring by using Peak Detection PVT Production verification test QMS Quality management system Overall quality management system Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks To protect a sudden data damage connect HDD in RAID parallel and diverge data that is high speed back up device enable to improve data preservation and low speed access for tape the problem of the current back up device Random access Memory Semiconductor memory enable to input and search we have DRAM RAM and SRAM Look ahead method is not only reading data requested from host but also reading ahead continuous data to buffer sequentially We improve data transferring speed because we don t Read cache f x need to read again in time host request information pre read by applying for file s sequential saving method Read Order of reading all data from HDD read sector occur interrupt per every sector transferring Sector Read read multiple occur interrupt per designated sector number by set multiple order Also read DMA multiple Rea occur interrupt only one time after transferring data from host reques
50. so it can be connected SCSI HDD and other various device CD ROM Tape drive Printer etc as well 16 bit Fast SCSI can transfer data in 20Mb speed per second Apple Macintosh and UNIX operating system use mainly Sector Minimum classification unit which assigned by drive to store information Seek Moving read write head to the particular data track Time which head is located the current post move to another head written information should be Seek time read Server Computer and device to produce every server to PC on PC LAN network Servo Control system in feed back way to move the accurate location in device b Signal recorded pattered disk in every side to be capable of HEAD location controlling Servo Data Magnetic marking written within media enable to move read write head to accurate location EU Servo information recording equipment on HDA assembled Settle time Time which head read write the real data after arriving on proper track Shock f anf Rating Enduring number without disk drive damage G unit It is differ according to run unrun number Slave In case several PC is connected to one PC the rest drives except booting system C Slider The core part of head ass y made for head can surface on disk it s organized ABS Core Coil in general SMART Self monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology Technology of reporting the HDD inner status and analysis to Host SPC Statistical Process Control Spindle Center shaft o
51. sure Access Reading writing updating information stored in disk Time from requesting data to assuring data on disk in system Access time contained seek time rotational latency command processing overhead time Actuator Mechanism of making read write head move to the proper track AFR Annualized Failure Rate Accumulated failure rate Allocation Process of storing Data instruction at the particular region in disk Allocation Remaining sector set on disk to be used for specific file Unit commonly in form of sector block cluster APM Advanced Power Management Hardware Areal Density Recording capacity per 1 square inch Areal Density x Mb Inch Assembled HGA Head Gimbal Assembly and VCM at the back and forth of ARM Parts which Arm is connected to pivot bearing of base Parts enable to move head to proper location on Base physically AT Advanced Technology interface or IDE Interface to be designed for IBM transfer PC AT Attachment Device Device is equivalent to ANSI ATA spec HDD contained tape drive ATADevice CD ROM ATA 2 Improved the existing AT interface Interface is correspond to E IDE of W D by suggestion of Seagate Audit Examine the factory Average The average time it takes for the read write head to move to a specific location Seek Time protect information recorded in media from damage by breaking the remained current flowed to Back Gap head in magnetic body A block usually
52. t For example 4 is chosen d DMA by set multiple and host need 10 sectors then the below picture draw how to occur Interrupt Recoverable Err Uncovera Similar to Soft Hard err Recoverable err means it is possible to read normally though data was ble read wrong unrecoverable err means it is impossible to recover error by any means Err Correcta Correctable err is belong to Recoverable err this is recovered by software ECC ble Err M40S 34 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE ee Component could fix bearing when inserted to ARM RLL Encoding method run length limited data to magnetic pulse It can store data 50 more than MFM Modified Frequency Modulation method RMA Return Material Authorization Searching only memory memory would not erase during off so we use this to program or data ROM need not change in PC Mask ROM input contents when it s manufactured and PROM recorded program by user Root The place where file on disk sub directory list Directory Rotational Time which controller find proper data with track rotating head read write Generally 1 2 of full Latency rotation hour RPM Revolution per minute RPM is higher the data searching speed is getting higher Small Computer Systems Interface IDE drive can put only 2 drives on the same bus 4 drives in case of Enhanced IDE SCSI can put 8 drives on the same bus Al
53. t output device and sending computing recording data and output the result Crash Stop Protect activator s impact in emergency condition when head move to parking zone or come off data zone CRC Abbreviation of Cyclic Redundancy Code detect error differ from ECC containing error correcting function For protect ID data M40S 29 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Cylinder Trac Data is recorded on lots of circle in media in HDD we call these circles track We record data at both sides of media and HDD has many media layers so it has several tracks which have the same radius we call this concentric circle collection of track Cylinder Tracks are divided to sector and it organized ID information and data ECC ID information is a sort of address information to seek data sector requested from host computer Data Separate complex data clock signal from HDD stored data timing information encoded form Separator Decoding Restore encoded signal Dedicated Sari Concentrate servo signal Timing amp location control signal on on side of drive Defect Find defect and treat data from replaced sector on read write Management Defect Free HDD vendor received disks from media vendor for smooth supply and proper price and these media has defect region can t read write data by scanning defect during production process Defect and replacin
54. the size of a sector that cannot reliably hold data because of meadia flaw or Bad Block damaged format markings Lead plate to maintain the balance of ARM The amount of disk and head are different in case BALANCING 4 al PLATE of different capacity of the same series so this maintain the center of gravity because the center of gravity of ARM is changing according to those of head changing Base Basic frame for parts assembling of HDD spindle motor arm VCM cover PCB are assembled on Base M40S 28 SAMSUNG HARD DISK DRIVE Abbreviation of pivot bearing Mediator of Arm and Base which is located in the center of ARM BEARING and it can rotate smoothly Bezel A plastic panel that extends the face of a drive so that it covers a computer s drive bay opening BIOS Basic Input Output system Control program sub program can control computer and around device bit A binary digit have one of two values 1 or 0 Boot Record Located in the first track and sector in disk where store physical structure information of disk sector1 track 0 side 0 Abbreviation of Bit Per Inch it means the recording density towards circumference Generally it BRI decided to the value of maximum track BPS Bit per second Data transferring speed transferring bit numbers per second BPSI Bits per square inch areal density Bit numbers 1 squ
55. ve is used for PC FILTER Components filtering particle from the flowed air to the inside outside of HDA Firmware Hardware control program this is stored in Flash Among PROM of the memory for searching only which can re write memory chip enable to Memory rewrite and erase the old contents electrically Flexure Control rising by Slider ABS flying height of slider and make slider move to proper track by Assembly connecting to head positioning mechanism Flux Density Flux density the number of magnetic field pattern can be recorded on the disk surface Flvin Distance between Read write head and disk surface Air resistance due to disk rotation can Hae maintain this distance the small flying height is the large data recording density is but it need more specified mechanical design Form factor Industrial specification decided diameter of Disk 3 5 2 5 in case of Samsung Recording the particular signal to divide track and sector and this information should be recorded Format on disk in first before user want to store data Be careful because formatting erase all recorded information Available HDD capacity after HDD formatting capacity Flexible Printed Circuit or PCC inputted parts enable to flow current to the flexible material Polemize FPC ASS Y Status of soldering IC CAPACITOR 14PIN CONNECTOR to FPC surface or connecting HOLDER FPC SUPPORT FPC CLIP FPC GASKET
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