Home

Netgear WGM124 User's Manual

1. gt Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest This manual is written for NETGEAR wireless routers Table 1 2 Manual Publication Details Product Version Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 Manual Publication Date December 2004 Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Web site at http kbserver netgear com gt About This Guide 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following e Buttons gt and _ lt _ for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page at a time A button that displays the table of contents and an button Double click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual e A Knowledge Base button to access the full NETGEAR Inc online knowledge base for the product model e Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters 2 About This Guide December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options according to your needs e Printing a Page in the HTML View Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents e P
2. For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a computer Your firewall does not support a USB connected broadband modem For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your firewall takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the firewall s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem the firewall appears to be a single PC to the ISP The firewall then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the firewall to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Are Login Protocols Used Some ISPs require a special login protocol in which you must enter a login name and password in order to access the Internet If you normally log
3. NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Version 1 0 December 2004 December 2004 2004 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved December 2004 Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment d
4. You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP IP components Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer In your IP network each computer and the firewall must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each computer must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the computer obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix B Network Routing and Firewall Basics The wireless router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The firewall assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 1 2 through 192 168 1 254 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the firewall 192 168 1 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC prepara
5. all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 4 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Macintosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens o TCP IP Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address lt will be supplied by server gt Subnet mask lt will be supplied by server gt Router address lt will be supplied by server gt Search domains Name server addr lt will be supplied by server gt E 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel a Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network MacOS X 1 Fro
6. as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 5 Crossover Twisted Pair Cable Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 13 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Key 1 RJ 45 plug 2 Category 5 UTP patch cable Figure B 6 Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ 45 Plug at Each End Note Flat silver satin telephone cable may have the same RJ 45 plug However using telephone cable results in excessive collisions causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching In the wiring table above the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the computer which is wired as Media Dependant Interface MDI In this wiring the computer transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X When connecting a computer to a computer or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors
7. AES component To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program visit the following Microsoft Web site D 18 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual List of Glossary Terms 802 11b IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz 802 119 A soon to be ratified IEEE specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz 802 11g is backwards compatible with 802 11b Cat 5 Category 5 unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling An Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second LOBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second 1OBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 or Cat V by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket Cat 5 cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and
8. Controlled Port Figure D 4 802 1x Authentication Sequence The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA information element to the stations in the service set Information elements include the required authentication method 802 1x or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES Probe Responses AP to station and Association Requests station to AP also contain WPA information elements 1 Initial 802 1x communications begin with an unauthenticated supplicant i e client device attempting to connect with an authenticator i e 802 11 access point The client sends an EAP start message This begins a series of message exchanges to authenticate the client 2 The access point replies with an EAP request identity message Wireless Networking Basics D 13 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 3 The client sends an EAP response packet containing the identity to the authentication server The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point The access point blocks all other traffic such as HTTP DHCP and POP3 packets until the access point can verify the client s identity using an authentication server e g RADIUS 4 The authentication server uses a specific authentication algorithm to verify the client s identity This could be through the use of digital certificates or some other EAP auth
9. Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and green pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other B 14 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The wireless router incorporates Auto Uplink technology also called MDI MDIX Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a computer or an uplink connection e g connecting to a router switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 15 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual B 16 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service prov
10. Domain Name Server DNS Address If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP s Primary DNS Server If a Secondary DNS Server address is available enter it also Note If you enter an address here restart the computers on your network so that these settings take effect d Router s MAC Address This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the router on the Internet port Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your computer when your account is first opened They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that computer This feature allows your router to masquerade as that computer by cloning its MAC address To change the MAC address select Use this Computer s MAC address The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the computer that you are now using You must be using the one computer that is allowed by the ISP Or select Use this MAC address and type it in here e Click Apply to save your settings 5 If your Internet connection does require a login fill in the settings according to the instructions below Select Yes if you normally must launch a login program such as Enternet or WinPOET in order to access the Internet Note After you finish setting up your router you will no longer need to lau
11. Node Class C Network Node Figure B 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range TeX exe TO 126 kek Xa e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range T28 TeX TO LIDS K e Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range 192 0 1 x to 223 255 254 x e Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for
12. Problems This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router the following sequence of events should occur 1 When power is first applied verify that the Power light is on 2 After approximately 10 seconds verify that a The power light is solid green b The LAN port lights are lit for any local ports that are connected c The Link ACT light is lit If a port s light is lit a link has been established to the connected device If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Power Light Not On If the Power and other lights are off when your router is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Troubleshooting Common Problems 6 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Lights Never Turn Off When the router is turned on the lights turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off If all the lights stay on there is a fault within the router If all lights are still on one
13. Protoss A E PER E Related Documents PEPEE E A meee EE EE E E PE AEE AA AE EEE EEE E ee IP wann by D DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls sisrisssisinicsninisninasnia eer What e a Firewall cnnan aa aaa E Statefull Packet INSPOCHON sinirinin Denial of Service Attack vi Contents December 2004 saaa B 11 B 14 Inside Twisted Pair Cables Uplink Switches Crossover Cables Appendix C Preparing Your Network What You Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem ccsseesseseeeeereseseee C 1 Cabling and Compuler PIII scien sccrasisnctienniaiaAnienbiatannosaiiasdsnuiiniaiaienininianine Le Computer Network Configuration Requirements Internet Configuration Requirements E TEE Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration g ee ee E cali Your we et Connection eet C 3 and MDI MDIX Install or r Verity t iiris sinalin Poke Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings in vines 95B 98 ane Me C 6 Selecting Windows Internet Access Method ccccccceeceeeseeseeeeereeeteeettetseestees C8 Verifying TCP IP Properties os ing Windows NT4 2000 or XP fei 1P Ne Install or Verify Windows Networking Components DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP c0ccc00 re DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 cccccesseseeee
14. See also Wireless Network Name and ESSID Subnet Mask A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to Subnetting enables a network administrator to further divide an IP address into two or more subnets An IP address has two components the network address and the host address For example consider the IP address 150 215 017 009 Assuming this is part of a Class B network the first two numbers 150 215 represent the Class B network address and the second two numbers 017 009 identify a particular host on this network Glossary 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets In this case a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format The full address is 10010110 11010111 00010001 00001001 The Class B network part is 10010110 11010111 and the host address is 00010001 00001001 If this network is divided into 14 subnets however then the first 4 bits of the host address 0001 are reserved for identifying the subnet The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork By convention the bits for the network address are all set to 1 though it would also work if the bits were set exactly as in the network address In this case therefore the subnet mask would b
15. Settings and then Control Panel e Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it This will open the Network panel as shown below Network 21x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks 3Com Fast EtherLink XL 10 100Mb TX Ethernet Adapter Verify the following settings as shown TCP IP e Client for Microsoft Network exists e Ethernet adapter is present e TCP IP is present Add a e Primary Network Logon is set to Primary Network Logon Windows logon Client for Microsoft Networks 7 Client for Microsoft Networks Click on the Properties button The EA following TCP IP Properties window will Description display The primary network logon is the client that is used to validate your user name and password process any login scripts and perform other startup tasks Preparing Your Network C 7 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e By default the IP Address tab is open on this window e Verify the following Obtain an IP address automatically is selected If not selected click in the radio button to the left of it to select it This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address e Click OK to continue Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network TCP IP Properties
16. System Steps 1 Authentication request sent to AP gt 2 AP authenticates p il Client 3 Client connects to network a a attempting to connect Figure D 1 802 11 open system authentication Access Point Sef INTERNET Cable or DLS modem 1 The following steps occur when two devices use Open System Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point 2 The access point authenticates the station 3 The station associates with the access point and joins the network Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual WEP Shared Key Authentication This process is illustrated in below 802 11b Authentication Shared Key Steps 1 Authentication WW___ Access Point request sent to AP Saf INTERNET Cable or DLS modem w aan j lt _ 2 AP sends challenge text Client 3 Client encrypts attempting challenge text and _ gt to connect sends it back to AP AP decrypts and if correct 4 lt m authenticates client 5 Client connects to network gt Figure D 2 802 11 shared key authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Shared Key Authentication 1 2 3 5 The station sends an authentication request to the access point The access point sends challenge text to the station The station uses its con
17. TX configuration process for Windows 2000 _ Configure Components checked are used by this connection M l Client for Microsoft Networks File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks M F Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows other computers to access resources on your computer using a Microsoft network Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network J Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel C 14 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card you need to configure the TCP IP environment for Windows NT 4 0 Follow this procedure to configure TCP IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4 0 e Choose Settings from the Start Menu and then select Control Panel This will display Control Panel window Network i 1x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings fi Windows uses the following information to identify yon i j computer on the network You may change the name for s Double click the Network icon in the z this computer and the workgroup or domain that it will appear in Control Panel window Computer Name DOCBERTNT The Network panel will display Workgroup emoa e Select the Protocols tab to continue OK Cance
18. The Media Access Control address is a unique 48 bit hardware address assigned to every network interface card Usually written in the form 01 23 45 67 89 ab Mbps Megabits per second Point to Point Protocol PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet PPPoA PPPoA PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPPoE PPPoE PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPP over ATM PPPoA PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A method for establishing a virtual private network VPN by embedding Microsoft s network protocol into Internet packets router A device that forwards data between networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses SSID A Service Set Identification is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying a wireless local area network For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID This is typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card It corresponds to the ESSID in the wireless Access Point and to the wireless network name
19. The Rear Panel The rear panel of the WGM1724 router contains the items listed below e AC power adapter outlet e Four LAN ports e Internet WAN Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem e Factory default reset push button for Restoring the Default Configuration and Password e One red status LED which blinks when the default reset button is pushed e Three wireless antennae 2 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router December 2004 Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the router on your local area network LAN and connect to the Internet You will find out how to configure your wireless router for Internet access Follow these instructions to set up your router Prepare to Install Your Wireless Router e For Cable Modem Service When you perform the wireless router setup steps be sure to use the computer you first registered with your cable ISP e For DSL Service You may need information such as the DSL login name e mail address and password in order to complete the wireless router setup Before proceeding with the wireless router installation familiarize yourself with the contents of the Setup CD especially this manual and the tutorials for configuring computers for networking Connect the Wireless Router to Your Network Use the instructions in the Installation Guide to connect the wireless router to the Internet and configure the wirel
20. click Remove to remove the gateway address Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window Click OK Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use this information when you configure the wireless router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section 2 Ifan IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information 3 Ifan IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address 4 Ifany Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses The
21. configuration reboot your computer and verify the DNS address as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Alternatively you may configure your computer manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation Your computer may not have the router configured as its TCP IP gateway If your computer obtains its information from the router by DHCP reboot the computer and verify the gateway address as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your computer or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Router You can ping the router from your computer to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly To ping the router from a running Windows 95 or later 1 2 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run In the field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the router as in this example ping 192 168 1 1 Click on OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt by
22. descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a computer accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The computer sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 9 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each computer must be configured with an IP address If the computers need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each computer on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The wireless router has the cap
23. e Away from sources of interference such as computers microwaves and 2 4 GHz cordless phones e Away from large metal surfaces The time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your security settings and placement WEP or WPA PSK connections can take slightly longer to establish Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 4 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Implement Appropriate Wireless Security gt Note Indoors computers can connect over 802 11b g wireless networks at ranges of up to 300 feet Such distances can allow for others outside of your immediate area to access your network Unlike wired network data your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter For this reason use the security features of your wireless equipment The wireless router provides highly effective security features which are covered in detail in this chapter Deploy the security features appropriate to your needs There are several ways you can enhance the security of your wireless network Restrict Access Based on MAC Address You can restrict access to only trusted computers so that unknown computers cannot wirelessly connect to the WGM124 MAC address filtering adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network but the data broadcast over the wireless link is fully exposed Turn Off the Broadcast of the Wireles
24. gateway router addresses DNS Short for Domain Name System or Service an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Because domain names are alphabetic they re easier to remember The Internet however is really based on IP addresses Every time you use a domain name therefore a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address For example the domain name www example com might translate to 198 105 232 4 The DNS system is in fact its own network If one DNS server doesn t know how to translate a particular domain name it asks another one and so on until the correct IP address is returned Glossary 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Domain Name A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as com edu uk etc For example in the address mail NETGEAR com mail is a server name and NETGEAR com is the domain DSL Short for digital subscriber line but is commonly used in reference to the asymmetric version of this technology ADSL that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1 5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data known as the downstream rate and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data known as the upstream rate ADSL requires a special ADSL modem ADSL is growing in popularity as
25. key 2 on the AP must match WEP key 2 on the client adapter etc Note The AP and the client adapters can have different default WEP Keys as long as the keys are in the same order In other words the AP can use WEP key 2 as its default key to transmit while a client adapter can use WEP key 3 as its default key to transmit The two devices will communicate as long as the AP s WEP key 2 is the same as the client s WEP key 2 and the AP s WEP key 3 is the same as the client s WEP key 3 Wireless Networking Basics D 7 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Use WEP Parameters Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode There are two shared key methods implemented in most commercially available products 64 bit and 128 bit WEP data encryption Before enabling WEP on an 802 11 network you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use Typically there are three WEP Encryption options available for 802 11 products 1 Do Not Use WEP The 802 11 network does not encrypt data For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 2 Use WEP for Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving 802 11g device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purpose
26. messages Products based on the 802 11 standard alone offer system administrators no effective method to update the keys For 802 11 WEP encryption is optional For WPA encryption using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is required TKIP replaces WEP with a new encryption algorithm that is stronger than the WEP algorithm but that uses the calculation facilities present on existing wireless devices to perform encryption operations TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses all of known WEP vulnerabilities Wireless Networking Basics D 9 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802 11i WPA will be forward compatible with the IEEE 802 11i security specification currently under development WPA is a subset of the current 802 11i draft and uses certain pieces of the 802 11i draft that are ready to bring to market today such as 802 1x and TKIP The main pieces of the 802 111 draft that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS Ad Hoc mode secure fast handoff for specialized 802 11 VoIP phones as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features are either not yet ready for market or will require hardware upgrades to implement What are the
27. minute after power up e Cycle the power to see if the router recovers e Clear the router s configuration to factory defaults This will set the router s IP address to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 6 7 If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LAN or Internet WAN Port Lights Not On If either the LAN lights or Internet light do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the router s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router s Web Configuration interface from a computer on your local network check the following e Check the Ethernet connection between the computer and the router as described in the previous section 6 2 Troubleshooting Common Problems December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e Make sure your computer s IP address is on the same subnet as the router If
28. more areas around the world gain access Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses Gateway A local device usually a router that connects hosts on a local network to other networks IP Internet Protocol is the main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP IP Address A four byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet usually written in dotted decimal notation with periods separating the bytes for example 134 177 244 57 Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic an organization formed for this purpose ISP Internet service provider Internet Protocol The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP local area network LAN A communications network serving users within a limited area such as one floor of a building A LAN typically connects multiple personal computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN Ethernet is the most common for connecting personal computers 2 Glossary December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual MAC address
29. networks is 25 MHz 5 channels This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your wireless network There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States It is recommended that you start using channel 1 and grow to use channel 6 and 11 when necessary as these three channels do not overlap Wireless Networking Basics D 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual WEP Wireless Security The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft To provide a certain level of security the IEEE 802 11 standard has defined two types of authentication methods Open System and Shared Key With Open System authentication a wireless computer can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted With Shared Key authentication only those computers that possess the correct authentication key can join the network By default IEEE 802 11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network Recently Wi Fi the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance http www wi fi net developed the Wi Fi Protected Access WPA a new strongly enhanced Wi Fi security WPA will soon be incorporated into the IEEE 802 11 standard WEP and WPA are discussed below WEP Authentication The 802 11 standard defines several services that govern how two 802 11 devices communicate The following events must occur before an 802 11 Station can co
30. you are using the default addressing schemes your computer s address should be in the range of 192 168 1 2 to 192 168 1 254 Refer to Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 8 or Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers on page C 19 to find your computer s IP address Follow the instructions in Appendix C to configure your computer Note If your computer s IP address is shown as 169 254 x x the computer is not configured correctly for your network Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign a 169 254 x x IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the connection from the computer to the router and reboot your computer e Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded e Try quitting the browser and launching it again e Make sure you are using the correct login information The URL for the router is http www routerlogin net or http www routerlogin com The factory default login name is admin and the password is password both in lower case letters Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following e When entering configuration settings be sure to click t
31. 2 Bindings Advanced Newios DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Corcel Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Internet connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run C 8 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Type winipefg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the val
32. 22 masquerading C 20 MDI MDI X B 15 MDI MDI X wiring B 14 N NAT C 20 netmask translation table B 6 Network Address Translation B 7 C 20 O Open System authentication D 4 P package contents 2 1 Passphrase 4 4 4 5 password restoring 6 7 PC using to configure C 23 placement 4 1 port forwarding behind NAT B 8 PPP over Ethernet C 20 PPPoE C 20 Primary DNS Server 3 4 protocols Address Resolution B 8 DHCP B 10 Routing Information B 2 publications related B 1 R range 4 1 restore configuration 5 1 restore factory settings 5 3 RFC 1466 B 7 B 9 1597 B 7 B 9 1631 B 7 B 9 finding B 7 router concepts B 1 Routing Information Protocol B 2 S Secondary DNS Server 3 4 Shared Key authentication D 4 spoof MAC address 6 4 SSID 4 3 D 2 stateful packet inspection B 11 Status Light 2 2 subnet addressing B 4 subnet mask B 5 C 21 C 22 T TCP IP configuring C 1 network troubleshooting 6 5 TCP IP properties verifying for Macintosh C 19 verifying for Windows C 8 C 17 troubleshooting 6 1 Index U Uplink switch B 14 USB C 20 W WEP D 8 Wi Fi D 1 D 4 Windows configuring for IP routing C 4 C 9 winipcfg utility C 8 WinPOET C 20 Wired Equivalent Privacy See WEP Wireless Access C 3 Wireless Ethernet D 1 Wireless Performance 4 1 Wireless Range Guidelines 4 1 Wireless Security 4 2 World Wide Web 1 iii WPA PSK 4 4 WPA PSK Password Phrase 4 4 Index
33. 255 240 Table 6 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value ON O oa A WwW N 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the masklength formats Table 6 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 128 255 255 255 192 255 255 255 224 255 255 255 240 255 255 255 248 255 255 255 252 255 255 255 254 255 255 255 255 8 16 124 125 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons B 6 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the ANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private ne
34. AP from a RADIUS server for example This framework enables using a central authentication server which employs mutual authentication so that a rogue wireless user does not join the network It s important to note that 802 1x doesn t provide the actual authentication mechanisms When using 802 1x the EAP type such as Transport Layer Security EAP TLS or EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security EAP TTLS defines how the authentication takes place Note For environments with a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP For environments without a RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports the use of a preshared key Together these technologies provide a framework for strong user authentication Windows XP implements 802 1x natively and several Netgear switch and wireless access point products support 802 1x D 12 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Client with a WPA enabled wireless adapter and supplicant Win XP Funk For example a For example a Meetinghouse etc WPA enabled AP RADIUS server p x x Supplicant Authenticator Authenticating Server Q enaiiense ro Identity Identity Request Credentials Request Credentials Credentials Credentials gt G uthentication Authentication Key Key Uncontrolled Port gt LAN Resources
35. Connection Status General Support Connection Status Connected 01 40 23 100 0 Mbps Duration Speed Activity Sent Received 138 143 Packets 243 057 e The TCP IP details are presented on the Support tab page e Select Internet Protocol and click Properties to view the configuration information 4 Local Area Connection Properties General Authentication Advanced Connect using E Intel R PRO 100 VE Network Connection This connection uses the following items 4 Client for Microsoft Networks v 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks A QoS Packet Scheduler 3 Intemet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Show icon in notification area when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected e Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected e Click the OK button This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Alternate Configuration You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network
36. IP file you must first extract the file before sending it to the wireless router The upgrade file can be sent to the wireless router using your browser Note The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the wireless router must support HTTP uploads NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 3 0 or above From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Router Upgrade link display the menu shown below Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 5 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Router Upgrade Locate and select the upgrade file from your hard disk Browse Upload Cancel Figure 5 3 Router Upgrade menu To upload new firmware 1 Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR 2 Inthe Router Upgrade menu click the Browse button and browse to the location of the upgrade file 3 Click Upload Note When uploading software to the wireless router it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window clicking a link or loading a new page If the browser is interrupted it may corrupt the software When the upload is complete your wireless router will automatically restart The upgrade process will typically take about one minute In some cases you may need to reconfigure the wireless router after upgrading 5 4 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping December 2004 Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Common
37. Key Features of WPA Security The following security features are included in the WPA standard e WPA Authentication e WPA Encryption Key Management Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Michael message integrity code MIC AES Support e Support for a Mixture of WPA and WEP Wireless Clients These features are discussed below WPA addresses most of the known WEP vulnerabilities and is primarily intended for wireless infrastructure networks as found in the enterprise This infrastructure includes stations access points and authentication servers typically RADIUS servers The RADIUS server holds or has access to user credentials e g user names and passwords and authenticates wireless users before they gain access to the network The strength WPA comes from an integrated sequence of operations that encompass 802 1X EAP authentication and sophisticated key management and encryption techniques Its major operations include e Network security capability determination This occurs at the 802 11 level and is communicated through WPA information elements in Beacon Probe Response and Re Association Requests Information in these elements includes the authentication method 802 1X or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES D 10 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication me
38. N Wireless Router WGM 124 These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Other maintenance features not presented in this chapter can be found accessed via links in the browser interface of the wireless router to the User Guide and in the help screens Changing the Administrator Password Note Before changing the wireless router password follow the instructions under J Configuration File Management on page 5 2 to save your configuration settings If you forget the new password you will have to reset the wireless router back to the factory defaults to be able to log in using the default password of password This means you will have to restore all the wireless router configuration settings If you ever have to reset the wireless router back to the factory defaults you can restore your settings from the backup configuration file The default password for the wireless router s Web Configuration Manager is password Change this password to a more secure password From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below Change Password Old password New password Repeat new password Apply Cancel Figure 5 1 Set Password menu Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 5 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual To change the password first enter the old pa
39. SP Service Name If Required O Use Static IP Address Idle Timeout In Minutes 5 Figure 3 1 Browser based configuration Basic Settings menus You can manually configure the router using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 3 1 using these steps 1 Connect to the wireless router by typing http www routerlogin net in the address field of your browser then click Enter 2 For security reasons the wireless router has its own user name and password When prompted enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password both in lower case letters 3 Click Basic Settings on the Setup menu 4 If your Internet connection does not require a login click No at the top of the Basic Settings menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below If your Internet connection does require a login click Yes and skip to step 5 a Enter your Account Name may also be called Host Name and Domain Name These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP s services such as mail or news servers Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual b Internet IP Address If your ISP has assigned you a permanent fixed static IP address for your computer select Use static IP address Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address The Gateway is the ISP s router to which your router will connect c
40. TGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Is WPA Perfect WPA is not without its vulnerabilities Specifically it is susceptible to denial of service DoS attacks If the access point receives two data packets that fail the Message Integrity Code MIC check within 60 seconds of each other then the network is under an active attack and as a result the access point employs counter measures which includes disassociating each station using the access point This prevents an attacker from gleaning information about the encryption key and alerts administrators but it also causes users to lose network connectivity for 60 seconds More than anything else this may just prove that no single security tactic is completely invulnerable WPA is a definite step forward in WLAN security over WEP and has to be thought of as a single part of an end to end network security strategy Product Support for WPA Starting in August 2003 NETGEAR Inc wireless Wi Fi certified products will support the WPA standard NETGEAR Inc wireless products that had their Wi Fi certification approved before August 2003 will have one year to add WPA so as to maintain their Wi Fi certification WPA requires software changes to the following e Wireless access points e Wireless network adapters e Wireless client programs Supporting a Mixture of WPA and WEP Wireless Clients To support the gradual transition of WEP based wireless networks to WPA a wireless AP can support
41. V A A T T D 9 How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802 111 saicmiiimeiimisreerinssrscncannasaran na DO What are the Key Features of WPA Security cccssesetetteeteteettettetereeeees D 10 WPA Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS ccceeeeeeeteeereeeteeeeteeees D 12 WPA Data Encryption Key Management ceesessesseseeetseeeeeseeteeteeeeeees D 14 ERFA Peel sorrienni ei ia le ae D 16 D 16 a ae to Wireless pane Points PEE A E E PE EE TA ETETE i Changes to Wireless Network Adapters E A D 17 Changes to Wireless Client PrOQraims cisccnciencncsnersiiireerditaienaianeiian D18 Glossary LOr Ene TI aa a il G 1 Index viii Contents December 2004 Chapter 1 About This Guide This chapter describes the intended audience scope conventions and formats of this manual Audience Conventions and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet and firewall technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear Web site This guide uses the following typographical conventions Table 1 1 Typographical Conventions italics Emphasis books CDs URL names bold User input SMALL CAPS Screen text file and server names extensions commands IP addresses This guide uses the following format to highlight special messages
42. Your NETGEAR Wireless Router Package COMEDIE sccsicte iaccecnesited ate facctassnnds a aa E E A EEEa 2 1 TIS FON Pono aiaa a A A 2 2 TER a PANEL sora a aE 2 2 Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet Prepare to install Your Wireless ROUTO cj cccosiciaccedaiasnssccssadseduoeindaddancenndnedrccneanumnenmeaniae 3 1 Connect the Wireless Router to Your Network sssssssssssssssesssesssesssssssrinssrnnsennennnesnnnns 3 1 Pe geiUleiess lie las U ats PS sarei na 3 2 How to Manually Configure Your Internet CONNECTION 0 ceeeeeeereeeeeeeeeeneeeeetaeeteeeeeees 3 3 NETGEAR Product Registration Support and Documentation csceeeeeeeeeeeees 3 5 Chapter 4 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines cccsseeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeees 4 1 Implement Appropriate Wireless Security cccecceeescececeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeeeeeeeaaeeseneee 4 2 Understanding Wireless Seine saaissriiiin rna aaas a NENANA A 4 3 Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings ccceeeee 4 5 Default Facio Spee cirina iaronn EE EEA 4 6 Chapter 5 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping Changing the Adminisitatar Password ciissscsscsesssasisemaanneteresssaritiesesdenttiaereenaisnvas 5 1 LACIE TOOT File TINIE osisssa anian aa aiaa ai 5 2 Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration lt iccscccscctissccsertutiosscermtscccisiedeacrmanis 5 2 Contents v December 2004 Erasi
43. acity to act as a DHCP server The wireless router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the process the network behind the router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by which a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send E mail to an administrator notifying them of the incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusions the firewall can fend off the hacker
44. bles you to quickly set up a small wireless workgroup and allows workgroup members to exchange data or share printers as supported by Microsoft networking in the various Windows operating systems Some vendors also refer to ad hoc networking as peer to peer group networking In this configuration network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting and receiving stations As long as the stations are within range of one another this is the easiest and least expensive way to set up a wireless network Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is one of two types of Service Set Identification SSID In an ad hoc wireless network with no access points the Basic Service Set Identification BSSID is used In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point the ESSID is used but may still be referred to as SSID An SSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the name of the wireless local area network Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID Wireless Channels IEEE 802 11g b wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band between 2 4 GHz and 2 5 GHz Neighboring channels are 5 MHz apart However due to spread spect
45. both WEP and WPA clients at the same time During the association the wireless AP determines which clients use WEP and which clients use WPA The disadvantage to supporting a mixture of WEP and WPA clients is that the global encryption key is not dynamic This is because WEP based clients cannot support it All other benefits to the WPA clients such as integrity are maintained However a mixed mode supporting WPA and non WPA clients would offer network security that is no better than that obtained with a non WPA network and thus this mode of operation is discouraged Changes to Wireless Access Points Wireless access points must have their firmware updated to support the following D 16 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e The new WPA information element To advertise their support of WPA wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802 11 WPA information element that contains the wireless AP s security configuration encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information e The WPA two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x EAP with RADIUS or preshared key e TKIP e Michael e AES optional To upgrade your wireless access points to support WPA obtain a WPA firmware update from your wireless AP vendor and upload it to your wireless AP Changes to Wireless Network Adapters Wireless network adapters must have their firmware updated to support the foll
46. by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time B 10 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Denial of Service Attack A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a Denial of Service DoS attack The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely flooding your site with more requests than it can handle A more sophisticated attack may attempt to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway Some operating sys
47. computer This chapter introduces the NETGEAR Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 Package Contents The product package should contain the following items e Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 e AC power adapter e A Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable e The Setup CD including This guide Application Notes and other helpful information e Registration Warranty Card and Support Information Card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the router for repair Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router 2 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The Front Panel The front panel of the wireless router includes various status lights You can use the status lights to verify connections Table 2 1 Status Light Descriptions Label Activity Description Power On Green Solid Power is supplied to the router Amber Blink Power is supplied to the router and it is performing its diagnostic test Off Power is not supplied to the router WLAN On The WLAN wireless interface is enabled Link ACT On The router has detected a link with an attached device Blink Data is being transmitted or received by the router LAN Green The LAN port has detected a 100 Mbps link with an attached device Amber The LAN port has detected a 100 Mbps link with an attached device
48. crosoft Networks 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The default wide area network protocol that provides communication across diverse interconnected networks IV Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 13 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties 2 x General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports e With Internet Protocol TCP IP selected fis caabity theres you need to ask your network adiristialor for click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialogue box Obtain an IP address automatically C Use the following IP address e Verify that JP addis ars Subnet mask be e Obtain an IP address automatically is ete hee a selected Obtain DNS server address automatically bd Obtain DNS server address C Use the following DNS server addresses automatically is selected Preferred DNS server er Altemate DNS server ace See e Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties Advanced Cancel Local Area Connection Properties 2 x General Cli k OK t l t th Connect using e ee cI en a 3Com EtherLink XL 10 100 PCI NIC 3C305
49. e 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 It s called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address The result is the subnetwork address Subnet Mask 255 255 240 000 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 IP Address 150 215 017 009 10010110 11010111 00010001 00001001 Subnet Address 150 215 016 000 10010110 11010111 00010000 00000000 The subnet address therefore is 150 215 016 000 TCP IP The main internetworking protocols used in the Internet The Internet Protocol IP used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP form TCP IP WAN Wide Area Network A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks The Internet is a large WAN WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy is a data encryption protocol for 802 11b wireless networks All wireless nodes and access points on the network are configured with a 64 bit or 128 bit Shared Key for data encryption Wi Fi A trade name for the 802 11b wireless networking standard given by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see http www wi fi net an industry standards group promoting interoperability among 802 11b devices Wireless Network Name SSID Wireless Network Name SSID is the name assigned to a wireless network This is the same as the SSID or ESSID configuration parameter WPA Wi Fi Protected Access WPA is a specification of s
50. e network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address Ce of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 5 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255
51. el select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Windows 2000 XP open the Local Area Network Connection select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Macintosh computers record the settings in the TCP IP or Network control panel e You may also refer to the NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup CD for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection information for many ISPs Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters you may want to record them on the page below C 2 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this page Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider ISP ISP Login Name The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP Some ISPs use your full e mail address as the login name The Service Name is not required by all ISPs If you connect using a login name and password enter the following Login Name Password Service Name Fixed or Static IP Address If you have a static IP address record the following information For example 169 254 141 148 could be a valid IP address Fixed or Static Internet IP Address Gateway IP Address Subnet Mask ISP DNS Server Addresses If you were
52. entication type 5 The authentication server will either send an accept or reject message to the access point 6 The access point sends an EAP success packet or reject packet to the client 7 Ifthe authentication server accepts the client then the access point will transition the client s port to an authorized state and forward additional traffic The important part to know at this point is that the software supporting the specific EAP type resides on the authentication server and within the operating system or application supplicant software on the client devices The access point acts as a pass through for 802 1x messages which means that you can specify any EAP type without needing to upgrade an 802 1x compliant access point As a result you can update the EAP authentication type to such devices as token cards Smart Cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentication or as newer types become available and your requirements for security change WPA Data Encryption Key Management With 802 1x the rekeying of unicast encryption keys is optional Additionally 802 11 and 802 1x provide no mechanism to change the global encryption key used for multicast and broadcast traffic With WPA rekeying of both unicast and global encryption keys is required For the unicast encryption key the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP changes the key for every frame and the change is synchronized between the w
53. ess functions Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Troubleshooting Tips Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have Be sure to restart your network in this sequence 1 Turn off the modem wireless router and computer 2 Turn on the modem wait two minutes 3 Turn on the wireless router and wait 1 minute 4 Turn on the computer Make sure the Ethernet cables are securely plugged in The Internet status light on the wireless router will be lit if the Ethernet cable to the wireless router from the modem is plugged in securely and the modem and wireless router are turned on For each powered on computer connected to the wireless router with a securely plugged in Ethernet cable the corresponding wireless router LAN port status light will be lit The label on the bottom of the wireless router identifies the number of each LAN port Make sure the wireless settings in the computer and router match exactly The Wireless Network Name SSID and security settings of the router and wireless computer must match exactly Make sure the network settings of the computer are correct LAN and wirelessly connected computers must be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP Please see Appendix C Preparing Your Network or the animated tutorials on the CD for help with this Some cable modem ISPs require you to use the MAC address o
54. ey 3 Key 4 If WPA PSK Authentication is Used Passphrase These characters are case sensitive Enter a word or group of printable characters When you use WPA PSK the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to WPA PSK as well and are configured with the correct Passphrase Use the procedures described in the reference manual to configure the WGM124 The reference manual is available on line at hitp kbserver netgear com Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 4 5 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Default Factory Settings When you first receive your WGM124 the default factory settings are shown below You can restore these defaults with the Factory Default Restore button on the rear panel After you install the wireless router use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to better meet your networking needs WIRELESS FEATURE DEFAULT SETTING Wireless Access Point Enabled Wireless Access List MAC Filtering All wireless stations allowed SSID broadcast Enabled Network Name SSID NETGEAR Wireless Security Disabled Warning The Network Name SSID and passphrase are case sensitive Typing nETgear_lla for the 802 11a SSID will not work 4 6 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security December 2004 Chapter 5 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping This chapter describes how to use some of the maintenance features of your Pre
55. ey for each preshared key authentication Michael With 802 11 and WEP data integrity is provided by a 32 bit integrity check value ICV that is appended to the 802 11 payload and encrypted with WEP Although the ICV is encrypted you can use cryptanalysis to change bits in the encrypted payload and update the encrypted ICV without being detected by the receiver With WPA a method known as Michael specifies a new algorithm that calculates an 8 byte message integrity code MIC using the calculation facilities available on existing wireless devices The MIC is placed between the data portion of the IEEE 802 11 frame and the 4 byte ICV The MIC field is encrypted together with the frame data and the ICV Michael also provides replay protection A new frame counter in the IEEE 802 11 frame is used to prevent replay attacks AES Support One of the encryption methods supported by WPA beside TKIP is the advanced encryption standard AES although AES support will not be required initially for Wi Fi certification This is viewed as the optimal choice for security conscience organizations but the problem with AES is that it requires a fundamental redesign of the NIC s hardware in both the station and the access point TKIP was a pragmatic compromise that allows organizations to deploy better security while AES capable equipment is being designed manufactured and incrementally deployed Wireless Networking Basics D 15 December 2004 NE
56. f the computer registered on the account If so in the Router MAC Address section of the Basic Settings menu select Use this Computer s MAC Address The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the computer that you are now using You must be using the computer that is registered with the ISP Click Apply to save your settings Restart the network in the correct sequence Check the router status lights to verify correct router operation If the Power light does not turn solid green within 2 minutes after turning the router on reset the router according to the instructions in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 6 7 If the Wireless light does not come on verify that the wireless feature is turned on according to the instructions in Understanding Wireless Settings on page 4 3 3 2 Connecting the Router to the Internet December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection You can manually configure your router using the menu below or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section ISP Does Not Require Login ISP Does Require Login Basic Settings Does Your Inte et Connection Require A Login Yes No Account Name if Required Internet Service Provider Other v Domain Name if Required 7 Login Internet IP Address Password Get Dynamically From I
57. figured 64 bit or 128 bit default key to encrypt the challenge text and sends the encrypted text to the access point The access point decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP Key that corresponds to the station s default key The access point compares the decrypted text with the original challenge text If the decrypted text matches the original challenge text then the access point and the station share the same WEP Key and the access point authenticates the station The station connects to the network If the decrypted text does not match the original challenge text i e the access point and station do not share the same WEP Key then the access point will refuse to authenticate the station and the station will be unable to communicate with either the 802 11 network or Ethernet network Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Key Size and Configuration The IEEE 802 11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption 40 bit and 128 bit The 64 bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five character 40 bit input Additionally 24 factory set bits are added to the forty bit input to generate a 64 bit encryption key The 24 factory set bits are not user configurable This encryption key will be used to encrypt decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface Some vendors refer to the 64 bit WEP data encryption as 40 bit WEP data encryption since the user configurable
58. ge number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing B 4 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below Class B i Network Subnet Node Figure B 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for th
59. gement e Data origin authentication e Data integrity protection The Wi Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi Fi Protected Access products Starting August of 2003 all new Wi Fi certified products will have to support WPA NETGEAR will implement WPA on client and access point products and make this available in the second half of 2003 Existing Wi Fi certified products will have one year to add WPA support or they will loose their Wi Fi certification The 802 111 standard is currently in draft form with ratification due at the end of 2003 While the new IEEE 802 11i standard is being ratified wireless vendors have agreed on WPA as an interoperable interim standard How Does WPA Compare to WEP WEP is a data encryption method and is not intended as a user authentication mechanism WPA user authentication is implemented using 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Support for 802 1x authentication is required in WPA In the 802 11 standard 802 1x authentication was optional For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 With 802 11 WEP all access points and client wireless adapters on a particular wireless LAN must use the same encryption key A major problem with the 802 11 standard is that the keys are cumbersome to change If you don t update the WEP keys often an unauthorized person with a sniffing tool can monitor your network for less than a day and decode the encrypted
60. given DNS server addresses fill in the following Primary DNS Server IP Address Secondary DNS Server IP Address Host and Domain Names Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324 A or home If you haven t been given host or domain names you can use the following examples as a guide e If your main e mail account with your ISP is aaa yyy com then use aaa as your host name Your ISP might call this your account user host computer or system name e If your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy com then use xxx yyy com as the domain name ISP Host Name ISP Domain Name For Wireless Access See the configuration worksheet at Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings on page 4 5 Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each computer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your computer then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Preparing Your Network C 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component
61. he APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost e Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your router is unable to access the Internet you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP Unless you have been assigned a static IP address your router must request an IP address from the ISP You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager To check the WAN IP address 1 Launch your browser and select an external site such as www netgear com 2 Access the Main Menu of the router s configuration at http 192 168 1 1 Troubleshooting Common Problems 6 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 3 Under the Maintenance heading select Router Status 4 Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure 1 Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem 2 Turn off power to your router 3 Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem 4 When the modem s lights indicate that it has reacquired
62. he configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the firewall These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the wireless router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab Preparing Your Network C 21 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then
63. he file When you have located it click the Restore button to send the file to the wireless router The wireless router will then reboot automatically Warning Do not interrupt the reboot process Erasing the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the wireless router to original default settings This can be done by using the Erase function which will restore all factory settings After an erase the wireless router s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 1 1 and the wireless router s DHCP client will be enabled To erase the configuration click the Erase button To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the wireless router See Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 6 7 Upgrading the Wireless Router Software Note Before upgrading the wireless router software use the wireless router backup _ gt utility to save your configuration settings Any wireless router upgrade will revert the wireless router settings back to the factory defaults After completing the upgrade you can restore your settings from the backup The routing software of the wireless router is stored in FLASH memory and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR Upgrade files can be downloaded from the NETGEAR Web site If the upgrade file is compressed Z
64. ications LAN WAN TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE 120V 60 Hz input 240V 50 Hz input 230V 50 Hz input 100V 50 60 Hz input 5V DC 2 8A output 33 x 235x 148mm 1 3 x 9 25 x 5 83 in 1 083 kg 2 38 Ib 0 to 40 C 322 to 104 F 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B The router incorporates Auto Uplink technology which eliminates the need for crossover cables 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation Technical Specifications A 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Wireless Radio Data Rates Frequency Data Encoding Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network Operating Frequency Ranges 802 11 Security 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing and pre N up to 108 Mbps 2 4 5Ghz 802 11b g2 4GHz to 2 5GHz CCK and OFDM Modulation Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node Typically up to 30 nodes 2 412 2 462 GHz US 2 457 2 462 GHz Spain 2 412 2 484 GHz Japan 2 457 2 472 GHz France 2 412 2 472 GHz Europe ETSI 40 bits also called 64 bits and 128 bits WEP and WPA PSK A 2 Technical Specifications December 2004 Appendix B Network Routing and Firewall Basics This chapter pr
65. ider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a C broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your firewall Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers on page C 21 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers on page C 22 for further information What You Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem You need to prepare these three things before you begin Cabling and Computer Hardware To use the wireless router on your network each computer must have an 802 11g or 802 11b wireless adapter or an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC and an Ethernet cable If the computer will connect to your network using an Ethernet NIC at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 Cat 5 cable such as the one provided with your router For an explanation of Ethernet cabling see Ethernet Cabling on page B 11 The cable or DSL broadband modem must provide a standard 10 Mbps LOBASE T or 100 Mbps LOOBASE Tx Ethernet interface Computer Network Configuration Requirements The WGM124 includes a built in Web Configuration Manager To access the configuration menus on the WGM124 your must use a Java enabled Web browser program which
66. in to your Internet account by running a program such as WinPOET or EnterNet then your account uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE When you configure your router you will need to enter your login name and password in the router s configuration menus After your network and firewall are configured the firewall will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to run the login program from your PC It is not necessary to uninstall the login program What Is Your Configuration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the following basic information for your account C 20 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your firewall automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy t
67. ireless client and the wireless access point AP For the global encryption key WPA includes a facility the Information Element for the wireless AP to advertise the changed key to the connected wireless clients If configured to implement dynamic key exchange the 802 1x authentication server can return session keys to the access point along with the accept message The access point uses the session keys to build sign and encrypt an EAP key message that is sent to the client immediately after sending the success message The client can then use contents of the key message to define applicable encryption keys In typical 802 1x implementations the client can automatically change encryption keys as often as necessary to minimize the possibility of eavesdroppers having enough time to crack the key in current use D 14 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism TKIP also provides for the following e The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined e The synchronized changing of the unicast encryption key for each frame e The determination of a unique starting unicast encryption k
68. l Preparing Your Network C 15 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Network 21x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings Network Protocols e Highlight the TCP IP Protocol in the ATCP Protocol Network Protocols box and click on the Properties button Add Description Cancel C 16 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The TCP IP Properties dialog box now displays e Click the IP Address tab e Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server e Click OK This completes the configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Microsoft TCP IP Properties IP Address DNS WINS Address Routing An IP address can be automatically assigned to this network card by a DHCP server If your network does not have a DHCP server ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server C Specify an IP address Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig
69. l IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 195 34 12 7 The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type B 2 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Class A _6h hlULtC lt TSS Network Node Class B Network
70. m the Apple menu choose System Preferences then Network C 18 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 2 If not already selected select Built in Ethernet in the Configure list 3 If not already selected Select Using DHCP in the TCP IP tab 4 Click Save Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP o TcP IP EB Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address 192 168 0 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 0 1 Search domains Name server addr 192 168 0 1 The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP Address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The Router address is 192 168 1 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server Preparing Your Network C 19 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account
71. mmunicate with an Ethernet network through an access point such as the one built in to the WGM124 1 Turn on the wireless station The station listens for messages from any access points that are in range The station finds a message from an access point that has a matching SSID The station sends an authentication request to the access point The access point authenticates the station The station sends an association request to the access point The access point associates with the station oN DN FF YN The station can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point An access point must authenticate a station before the station can associate with the access point or communicate with the network The IEEE 802 11 standard defines two types of WEP authentication Open System and Shared Key e Open System Authentication allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the access point SSID Alternatively the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available access point within range regardless of its SSID D 4 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate These two authentication procedures are described below WEP Open System Authentication This process is illustrated in below 802 11b Authentication Open
72. n and restore factory defaults in two ways e Use the Erase function of the router e Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address is not known To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router 1 Press and hold the Default Reset button until the power light blinks on about 10 seconds 2 Release the Default Reset button and wait for the router to reboot If the wireless router fails to restart or the power light continues to blink or turns solid amber the unit may be defective If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Troubleshooting Common Problems 6 7 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 6 8 Troubleshooting Common Problems December 2004 Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols Power Adapter North America United Kingdom Australia Europe Japan All regions output Physical Specifications Dimensions Weight Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of Interface Specif
73. nagement in order to access the network e Key management WPA features a robust key generation management system that integrates the authentication and data privacy functions Keys are generated after successful authentication and through a subsequent 4 way handshake between the station and Access Point AP e Data Privacy Encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is used to wrap WEP in sophisticated cryptographic and security techniques to overcome most of its weaknesses e Data integrity TKIP includes a message integrity code MIC at the end of each plaintext message to ensure messages are not being spoofed Wireless Networking Basics D 11 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual WPA Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS Wired Network with Optional Wireless LAN 802 1x Port Based Network Access Control TCP IP WPA WPA enabled Ports Closed ertificate enabled Access Point Until RADIUS Server Authority wireless lt q p gt using ils Login Eells client with pre shared key any rver supplicant or TCP IP Authentication VeriSign 802 1x Ports Opened etc After Authenticated Figure D 3 WPA Overview IEEE 802 1x offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as well as providing a vehicle for dynamically varying data encryption keys via E
74. nch the ISP s login program on your computer in order to access the Internet When you start an Internet application your router will automatically log you in a Select your Internet service provider from the drop down list 3 4 Connecting the Router to the Internet December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Basic Settings Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login Yes Internet Service Provider Telstra Bigpond v Other AOL _ Austria PPTP Telstra Bigpond Figure 3 2 Basic Settings ISP list Note Not all ISPs are listed here The ones on this list have special requirements b The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select c Fill in the parameters for your Internet service provider d Click Apply to save your settings Click the Test button to verify you have Internet access NETGEAR Product Registration Support and Documentation Register your product at htto www NETGEAR com register Registration is required before you can use our telephone support service Product updates and Web support are always available by going to http kbserver netgear com When the wireless router is connected to the Internet click the Knowledge Base or the Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the documentation for the wireless router Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 5 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Route
75. nfiguration of your computer is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your computer s Network Control Panel Verify that the IP address of the router is listed as the default gateway as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Check to see that the network address of your computer the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning If your ISP assigned a host name to your computer enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu 6 6 Troubleshooting Common Problems December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your computers Many broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single computer connected to that modem If this is the case you must log in to the router and use the Basic Settings menu to configure your router to clone or spoof the MAC address from the authorized computer Restoring the Default Configuration and Password This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings changing the router s administration password to password You can erase the current configuratio
76. ng the Configuration a Upgrading the Wireless Router Dwa bpe Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Common Problems Basic FUNCHORING isisciecenconincieiciserenaeninicn a a ON Power Light Not On E EE IEE NI Terre rrr errr err E rer re rrr re Ty Lights Never Turn Off never A A T E es LAN or Internet WAN P Port rt Lights t Not On E E E E E A Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface AEN EET ORE Troubleshooting the ISP Connection Mie Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Lali a Ping Utility E EA E rn as Testing the LAN Path to Your Router seese BD Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device ssssseseseessseeesseesreeeee 6 6 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password c ccscccsccesecesecsseecsseecssessseeeseees O77 Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network a and Firewall Basics Banie Rator inane E EE ca EA cedex Camu does AT E yee eet earnest eae eee E REVEL TS QUE Ne Pe uassience sesso heed Suacranihscacdateee Macaeutieds cassuadt VastS oot cantemabepandianete taadastaed Routing Information Protocol IP Addresses and the Internet NOIOSE acccaprcccicecuredaiclbseedacssdeeceaaied catetasedasadeaisasc pede isasonaenbadeaaguetaisaadielddacadbanedacadaacee Subnet Addressing sieved us essen L EA AO TEE EAE AAAA E N E A E Private IP Ae i PEE AEA E E E E A ee Single IP Address Saaeilen Using N NAT emer rir Terr rrr rrr rrr rT te B 7 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution
77. oes cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 December 2004 Bestatigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt daB das Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmaBige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt fiir Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certificate of the Manufac
78. ore information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 7 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 3 E 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 EERE A E me J Figure B 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one computer for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Pr
79. ormation with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The wireless router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the ANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protoco
80. otocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses B 8 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the
81. ovides an overview of IP networks routing and networking Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging inf
82. owing e The new WPA information element Wireless clients must be able to process the WPA information element and respond with a specific security configuration e The WPA two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x EAP or preshared key e TKIP e Michael e AES optional To upgrade your wireless network adapters to support WPA obtain a WPA update from your wireless network adapter vendor and update the wireless network adapter driver For Windows wireless clients you must obtain an updated network adapter driver that supports WPA For wireless network adapter drivers that are compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 the updated network adapter driver must be able to pass the adapter s WPA capabilities and security configuration to the Wireless Zero Configuration service Microsoft has worked with many wireless vendors to embed the WPA firmware update in the wireless adapter driver So to update you Windows wireless client all you have to do is obtain the new WPA compatible driver and install the driver The firmware is automatically updated when the wireless network adapter driver is loaded in Windows Wireless Networking Basics D 17 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA authentication and preshared key and the new WPA encryption algorithms TKIP and the optional
83. parating the traffic Any device you want to participate in a particular wireless network will need to use this SSID for that network Region This field identifies the region where the WGM124 can be used It may not be legal to operate the wireless features of the wireless router in a region other than one of those identified in this field Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point Mode This field determines which data communications protocol will be used Security Options These options are the wireless security features you can enable The table below identifies the various basic wireless security options Allow Broadcast of Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect Disabling SSID broadcast nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP Enable Wireless Access Point If you disable the wireless access point wireless devices cannot connect to the WGM124 Wireless Card Access List When the Trusted PCs Only radio button is selected the WGM1724 checks the MAC address of the wireless station and only allows connections to computers identified on the trusted computers list Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 4 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Man
84. portion of the encryption key is 40 bits wide The 128 bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user configurable bits Similar to the forty bit WEP data encryption method the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user configurable Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal characters to ease encryption key entry 128 bit encryption is stronger than 40 bit encryption but 128 bit encryption may not be available outside of the United States due to U S export regulations When configured for 40 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support up to four WEP Keys Each 40 bit WEP Key is expressed as 5 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 is a 40 bit WEP Key When configured for 128 bit encryption 802 11g products typically support four WEP Keys but some manufacturers support only one 128 bit key The 128 bit WEP Key is expressed as 13 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 AB CD EF 12 34 56 78 90 is a 128 bit WEP Key Typically 802 11 access points can store up to four 128 bit WEP Keys but some 802 11 client adapters can only store one Therefore make sure that your 802 11 access and client adapters configurations match Whatever keys you enter for an AP you must also enter the same keys for the client adapter in the same order In other words WEP key 1 on the AP must match WEP key 1 on the client adapter WEP
85. r Setup Manual 3 6 December 2004 Connecting the Router to the Internet Chapter 4 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your wireless router In planning your wireless network you should consider the level of security required You should also select the physical placement of your firewall in order to maximize the network speed The full manual with detailed how to instructions is available on line at http kbserver netgear com and via the Documentation link in the configuration utility of the wireless router Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the wireless firewall The latency data throughput performance and notebook power consumption of wireless adapters also vary depending on your configuration choices Note Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router For complete range performance specifications please see Appendix A Technical Specifications gt For best results place your firewall e Near the center of the area in which your computers will operate e In an elevated location such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected computers have line of sight access even if through walls
86. reless Ethernet or Wi Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see hitp www wi fi net an industry standard group promoting interoperability among 802 11 devices The 802 11 standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network ad hoc and infrastructure Infrastructure Mode With a wireless access point you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna In the infrastructure mode the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet data acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients Connecting multiple access points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage As a mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point it moves into the range of another As a result wireless clients can freely roam from one access point domain to another and still maintain seamless network connection Wireless Networking Basics D 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup In an ad hoc network computers are brought together as needed thus there is no structure or fixed points to the network each node can generally communicate with any other node There is no access point involved in this configuration This mode ena
87. rinting a Chapter Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http www adobe com Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature Printing the Full Manual Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual The PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature About This Guide 3 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 4 About This Guide December 2004 Chapter 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router NETGEAR wireless routers provide connections for multiple computers to the Internet through an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem that is normally intended for use by a single
88. rum effect of the signals a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12 5 MHz above and below the center channel frequency As a result two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels for example channel 1 and channel 2 in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other Applying two channels that allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of channel cross talk and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal channel separation D 2 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table D 1 Table D 1 802 11g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399 5 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404 5 MHz 2429 5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409 5 MHz 2434 5 MHz 4 2427 MHz 2414 5 MHz 2439 5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419 5 MHz 2444 5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2449 5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2454 5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434 5 MHz 2459 5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439 5 MHz 2464 5 MHz 10 2457 MHz 2444 5 MHz 2469 5 MHz 11 2462 MHz 2449 5 MHz 2474 5 MHz 12 2467 MHz 2454 5 MHz 2479 5 MHz 13 2472 MHz 2459 5 MHz 2484 5 MHz Note The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless
89. s the 802 11g network uses Open System Authentication 3 Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving 802 11 device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the 802 11 network uses Shared Key Authentication Note Some 802 11 access points also support Use WEP for Authentication Only Shared Key Authentication without data encryption However the WGM124 does not offer this option WPA Wireless Security Wi Fi Protected Access WPA is a specification of standards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems The IEEE introduced the WEP as an optional security measure to secure 802 11g Wi Fi WLANs but inherent weaknesses in the standard soon became obvious In response to this situation the Wi Fi Alliance announced a new security architecture in October 2002 that remedies the short comings of WEP This standard formerly known as Safe Secure Network SSN is designed to work with existing 802 11 products and offers forward compatibility with 802 111 the new wireless security architecture being defined in the IEEE WPA offers the following benefits D 8 Wireless Networking Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e Enhanced data privacy e Robust key mana
90. s Network Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect This nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP but the data is still fully exposed to a determined snoop using specialized test equipment like wireless sniffers WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption provides data security WEP Shared Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most determined eavesdropper WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access WPA data encryption provides strong data security WPA PSK will block eavesdropping Because this is a new standard wireless device driver and software availability may be limited Turn Off the Wired LAN If you disable the wireless LAN wireless devices cannot communicate with the router at all You might choose to turn off the wireless the LAN when you are away and the others in the household all use wired connections 4 2 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Understanding Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless settings of your firewall click the Wireless link in the main menu of the browser interface Name SSID The SSID is also known as the wireless network name Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters In a setting where there is more than one wireless network different wireless network names provide a means for se
91. se are your ISP s DNS addresses 5 Ifany information appears in the Search domains information box write it down 6 Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server 7 Close the TCP IP Control Panel C 22 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your computers to work with the firewall you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your wireless router you are ready to access and configure the firewall Preparing Your Network C 23 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual C 24 Preparing Your Network December 2004 Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking Overview The wireless router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11g standard for wireless LANs WLANs On an 802 11 wireless link data is encoded using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz The maximum data rate for the 802 11g wireless link is 54 Mbps but it will automatically back down from 54 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected The 802 11 standard is also called Wi
92. simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 combined with 11111111 11111111 3211111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a lar
93. ssword then enter the new password twice Click Apply Configuration File Management The configuration settings of the wireless router are stored within the wireless router in a configuration file This file can be saved backed up to a user s PC retrieved restored from the user s PC or cleared to factory default settings From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below Settings Backup Save a copy of current settings Back Up Restore saved settings from file Browse Restore Revert to factory default settings Erase Figure 5 2 Settings Backup menu Three options are available and are described in the following sections Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your wireless router s configuration settings To save your settings click the Backup button Your browser will extract the configuration file from the wireless router and will prompt you for a location on your PC to store the file You can give the file a meaningful name at this time such as pacbell cfg 5 2 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual To restore your settings from a saved configuration file enter the full path to the file on your PC or click the Browse button to browse to t
94. supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 Once again after you have installed the network card TCP IP for Windows 2000 is configured TCP IP should be added by default and set to DHCP without your having to configure it However if there are problems follow these steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual called Network and Dial up Connections e Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop This will bring up a window e Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears e Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using box e Verify that at least the following two items are displayed and selected in the box of Components checked are used by this connection e Client for Microsoft Networks and e Internet Protocol TCP IP e Click OK Local Area Connection Properties General Connect using BY 3Com 10 100 Mini PCI Ethernet Adapter Components checked are used by this connection V E Client for Mi
95. supports HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Use Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4 0 or above Preparing Your Network C 1 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual For the initial setup of your router you will need to connect a computer to the router This computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP IP configuration from the router via DHCP Note For help with DHCP configuration please use the Windows TCP IP Configuration Tutorials on the NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup CD or in this appendix Internet Configuration Requirements Depending on how your Internet service set up your account you may need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your router to the Internet e Host and Domain Names e ISP Login Name and Password e ISP Domain Name Server DNS Addresses e Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information e Your Internet service provides all the information needed to connect to the Internet If you cannot locate this information you can ask your Internet service to provide it or you can try one of the options below e Ifyou have a computer already connected using the Internet you can gather the configuration information from that computer For Windows 95 98 ME open the Network control pan
96. sync with the ISP reapply power to your router 5 Then restart your computer If your router is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP the problem may be one of the following e Your ISP may require a login program Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet PPPoE or some other type of login e If your ISP requires a login you may have incorrectly set the login name and password in the router e Your ISP may check for your computer s host name Assign the computer Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu e Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet and may check for your computer s MAC address In this case Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device and ask them to use the router s MAC address OR Configure your router to spoof your computer s MAC address This can be done in the Basic Settings menu If your router can obtain an IP address but your computer is unable to load any Web pages from the Internet e Your computer may not recognize any DNS server addresses 6 4 Troubleshooting Common Problems December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use If you entered a DNS address during the router s
97. t 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks B 12 Network Routing and Firewall Basics December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media dependent interface ports called MDI or uplink ports Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as media dependent interfaces with built in crossover ports called MDI X or normal ports Auto Uplink technology automatically senses which connection MDI or MDI X is needed and makes the right connection Figure B 4 illustrates straight through twisted pair cable Key A UPLINK OR MDI PORT as on a PC B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 4 Straight Through Twisted Pair Cable Figure B 5 illustrates crossover twisted pair cable Key B Normal or MDI X port
98. tandards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems 4 Glossary December 2004 Numerics 802 11b D 1 A Account Name 3 3 Address Resolution Protocol B 8 ad hoc mode D 2 Auto MDI MDI X B 15 Auto Uplink B 15 backup configuration 5 2 BSSID D 2 Cabling B 11 Cat5 cable B 12 C 1 G 1 configuration backup 5 2 erasing 5 3 restore 5 1 crossover cable 6 2 B 14 B 15 customer support 1 111 D denial of service attack B 11 DHCP B 10 DHCP Client ID C 18 DNS server C 22 domain C 22 Domain Name 3 3 Index Index domain name server DNS B 9 DoS attack B 11 E EnterNet C 20 erase configuration 5 3 ESSID D 2 Ethernet cable B 11 F factory settings restoring 5 3 fully qualified domain name FQDN 4 4 G gateway address C 22 H host name 3 3 IANA contacting B 2 IETF B 1 Web site address B 7 infrastructure mode D 2 Internet account address information C 20 establishing C 20 IP addresses C 21 C 22 and NAT B 7 and the Internet B 2 assigning B 2 B 9 auto generated 6 3 private B 7 translating B 9 IP configuration by DHCP B 10 IP networking for Macintosh C 18 for Windows C 4 C 9 L LEDs troubleshooting 6 2 MAC address 6 7 B 8 spoofing 3 4 6 4 Macintosh C 21 configuring for IP networking C 18 DHCP Client ID C 18 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information C
99. tems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the E A568B standard wiring as described below in Table B 1 Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 11 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Table B 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange White Transmit Tx 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green White Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue White 6 Green Receive Rx 7 Brown White 8 Brown Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI EIA TIA 568 A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet ft or 100 meters m in length divided as follows 20 ft 6 m between the hub and the patch panel if used 295 ft 90 m from the wiring closet to the wall outlet 10 ft 3 m from the wall outlet to the desktop device The patch panel and other connecting hardware must meet the requirements for 100 Mbps operation Category 5 Only 0 5 inch 1 5 cm of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any termination point A twisted pair Ethernet network operating a
100. tes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out Troubleshooting Common Problems 6 5 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in LAN or Internet WAN Port Lights Not On on page 6 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and router Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your computer or workstation Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your computer to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt IP address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Check that your computer has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway If the IP co
101. the Add button b Select Protocol and then click Add Preparing Your Network C 5 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual c d Select Microsoft Select TCP IP and then click OK If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a b c d Click the Add button Select Client and then click Add Select Microsoft Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings in Windows 95B 98 and Me After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows C 6 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop position your mouse pointer over it and right click your mouse button e If the icon is not on the desktop e Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window Choose
102. thod and the cipher suite Possible authentication methods include 802 1X and Pre shared key Pre shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point This obviates the need for an authentication server which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable Possible cipher suites include WEP TKIP and AES Advanced Encryption Standard We ll talk more TKIP and AES when addressing data privacy below e Authentication EAP over 802 1X is used for authentication Mutual authentication is gained by choosing an EAP type supporting this feature and is required by WPA 802 1X port access control prevents full access to the network until authentication completes 802 1X EAPOL Key packets are used by WPA to distribute per session keys to those stations successfully authenticated The supplicant in the station uses the authentication and cipher suite information contained in the information elements to decide which authentication method and cipher suite to use For example if the access point is using the Pre shared key method then the supplicant need not authenticate using full blown 802 1X Rather the supplicant must simply prove to the access point that it is in possession of the pre shared key If the supplicant detects that the service set does not contain a WPA information element then it knows it must use pre WPA 802 1X authentication and key ma
103. tion process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel C 4 Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components Network 27 x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter Efoperties Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks b File and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks gt If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click
104. tteeeeeteeeteeeeteees O12 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 0 C 15 Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 c eeeeeeeeeees C 17 Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking c ccsccceeeeeseeeteeeseeseeseeeeees 0 18 Maros g 8 6 or 9x C vedere he Read SS of Your inert A hack a Are Login Protocols Used What Is Your Configuration Information E N Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for nn eum aeara ore Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh PAA A E E E Contents vii December 2004 Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking DVEIMIEW sasciiaccsscnciectinnssinacsimncacuinmnenieecamminsadisamercareneensnanacne LAT PNT VRRP ats E E EAE T A N A E E T D 1 Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup ee eee ere re iain E E D Network Name Extended Service Set idenifigatian ESSID ie pices it Depa ds Metis D 2 Wireless RIBS saci ssir cc ohercateadainesaaicannasadeethee mania nsmremainenieciaus Loe WEF Wiebes Secu saroia a kee WEP Authentication ssrssscinasnnasnss ee ey AA TEETE D 4 WEP Open System Authentication E A E T WEP Shared Key Authentication ss ic fetes eesccsadiaccd toy earide renter a DB Key Size and Configuration ani a eee lee lena E E T ETT Howto Use WEP PRAMO G sanien aaa Pe WPA Wireless SECUI sarsstiionerona r a R e Oe How Does WPA Caminat to WEP Shs EE PE TA O
105. tup Manual Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings Before customizing your wireless settings print this form and record the following information e Wireless Network Name SSID The SSID identifies the wireless network You can use up to 32 alphanumeric characters The SSID is case sensitive The SSID in the wireless adapter card must match the SSID of the wireless router In some configuration utilities such as in Windows XP the term wireless network name is used instead of SSID If WEP Authentication is Used Circle one Open System Shared Key or Auto Note If you select Shared Key the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to Shared Key as well and are configured with the correct key WEP Encryption key size Choose one 64 bit or 128 bit Again the encryption key size must be the same for the wireless adapters and the wireless router Data Encryption WEP Keys There are two methods for creating WEP data encryption keys Whichever method you use record the key values in the spaces below e Passphrase method These characters are case sensitive Enter a word or group of printable characters and click the Generate Keys button Not all wireless devices support the passphrase method e Manual method These values are not case sensitive For 64 bit WEP enter 10 hex digits any combination of 0 9 or a f For 128 bit WEP enter 26 hex digits Key 1 Key 2 K
106. turer Importer It is hereby certified that the Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator URL http www netgear com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required iii December 2004 Product and Publication Details Model Number WGM124 Publication Date December 2004 Product Family router Product Name Pre N Wireless Router WGM124 Home or Business Product Home Language English iv December 2004 Contents Chapter 1 About This Guide Audience Conventions and FOMMALS wasscdscncdsainndvinadeineemavesdiseancanned pendant nai raia 1 1 Howi Use This Manual sisino aaaea a E maar Nii 1 2 Pow DFi S Manga masina ao o o AEE 1 3 Chapter 2 Getting to Know
107. tworks 100 020 10 255 255 255 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the wireless router is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF publishes RFCs on its Web site at www ietf org Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple computers on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The wireless router employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked computers to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For m
108. u will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon step e Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu e Select the Network Connections icon on the Control Panel This will take you to the next e Now the Network Connection window displays The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC located to the right of the window e Right click on the Connection you will use and choose Status HS Local Area Connec Network Tasks Disable fa Create a new connection Repair amp Disable this network device Q Repair this connection Bridge Connections Rename this connection crestor view status of this connection Change settings of this Properties connection Rename Other Places Details Preparing Your Network December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual e Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window This box displays the connection status duration speed and activity statistics e Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window e Click the Properties button to view details about the connection Local Area
109. ual Table 4 1 Basic Wireless Security Options Field Description Automatic No wireless security WEP WEP offers the following options Open System With Open Network Authentication and 64 or 128 bit WEP Data Encryption the WGM124 does perform 64 or 128 bit data encryption but does not perform any authentication e Shared Key Shared Key authentication encrypts the SSID and data Choose the Encryption Strength 64 or 128 bit data encryption Manually enter the key values or enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box Manually entered keys are case sensitive but passphrase characters are not case sensitive Note Not all wireless adapter configuration utilities support passphrase key generation e Auto WPA PSK WPA Pre shared Key does perform authentication uses 128 bit data encryption and dynamically changes the encryption keys making it nearly impossible to circumvent Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Password Phrase box These characters are case sensitive Note Not all wireless adapter configuration utilities support WPA Furthermore client software is required on the client Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the client software that supports WPA Nevertheless the wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Se
110. ues below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you may need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon 3 Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry 4 Select Properties 5 Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected 7 Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows 8 Then restart your PC Preparing Your Network C 9 December 2004 NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 Yo

Netgear WGM124 User's Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents