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Netgear RT311 User's Manual

1. B 10 Network and Routing Basics Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables In the wiring table the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC For example the PC transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 When connecting a PC to a PC or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other Cable Quality A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category
2. Single IP Address Operation Using Xii Table 2 1 Table 5 1 Table 5 2 Table 5 3 Table 5 4 Table 5 5 Table 6 1 Table 6 2 Table 7 1 Table 7 2 Table 7 3 Table 7 4 Table 7 5 Table 8 1 Table 8 2 Table 8 3 Table 9 1 Table 9 2 Table 9 3 Table 9 4 Table 9 5 Table 10 1 Table 10 2 Table 10 3 Table 10 4 Table 10 5 Table B 1 Table B 2 Table B 3 LED Descriptions beds Dynamic ONS eonfiguratien En DHCP SED PISIS teris LAN TCP IP Setup Fields BON nim pin EE E Menu 3 2 dodi Bst li s PRETI MERIT CNN LS Monier Ee Manager Menu Commands Rr pe nb Manager MINNIS 252 MP PSI E eisque culam Ecos Menu 3 1 LAN Port Filter Setup Fields Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Fields ere 15 Field Entries EXOmplg erneieren saian Edit IP Static Route Fields aba DNS FIM Cat luo and Trace FIOS aane System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting Fields System Maintenance Diagnostic Fields eee Abbreviations Used in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Sommi E DUES Abbreviations Used if Filter Type 15 IP 10 4 Abbrevia
3. TE Dynami ONG NE 5 2 acc o Fr n 5 2 LAN SED Arania E ana eran 5 3 DHEP esistente sean od jesus nom 5 3 EDI n deme E 5 4 Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers 5 6 Local Web and FTP Server Example m 5 7 Local Game Host or Videoconference Example 5 8 E du Gast ad E dfe Kf A 5 8 uL vidc epu Rm E 5 10 Chapter 6 Maintenance wr rigent eem EE 6 1 DECR T BB seu ubuntu nr nd Ecc Dua DRUMS DENIM GOL EE DE RR 6 4 vi Contents MER TT OTT 6 4 Erase Tua Sad aca ence daa td omnla cid cp ad 6 5 Chapter 7 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Connecting for Configuration uncus He TOME iiber vil CGonnecing Timough a Serial POr eL 7 2 Connecting Through a Telnet Connection 2 11 7 2 Using the Manager Interface erence Tm 7 4 Tumming omn Powerto the Sas Fog S Fa va and v aaa aa anda 7 4 PETG tie Manager Db d MODUM baa rod esc addi 7 6 Manager Menu GUITARE csi te
4. Ee Pec ide M repr eee 7 6 Genes MENU ooscoipabaseterutit entero rrr str erent dod adr Dra 7 8 iucscvidperixiatitup a Eis T Cre ERR AERIS LAN GEID pet 7 10 LAN Port Filler Setup dian iara adeant aki 7 10 TCP IP and DHCP Setup T oss 7 11 7 13 8 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Internet Access Configuration 8 1 Configuration for Local Servers m er err Reds 8 3 Local Web and FTP Server xad Local Game Host or Videoconference Example 8 5 dl Se 8 5 esse boa Pici eni HA tn A 8 8 Dynamic DNS 2 8 10 Chapter 9 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance System Status TE TUR M TREE m md TET INVES e 9 4 mm PETS 9 4 bic gu gm M 9 4 VSO aid AGPOUD RO rien berba in il c bonae dt dep na RUN Dia
5. Network and Routing Basics B 3 Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router e Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with t
6. host name 4 3 7 8 IANA contacting B 2 IETF xv Web site address B 7 IGMP 5 5 7 13 Input and Output Filters field Ethernet Setup menu 7 11 installation 1 2 1 4 Internet account address information 3 7 establishing 3 7 Internet accessing 8 1 IP addresses 3 8 3 9 and NAT B 8 and the Internet B 2 assigning xvi B 2 auto generated 11 3 masquerading 1 3 private B 7 translating xvi IP configuration by DHCP B 10 IP networking for Macintosh 3 5 for Windows 3 2 IP Protocol field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 7 IP Source Route field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 7 IP Subnet Mask field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 9 8 7 L LAN Setup Menu 5 3 LEDs description 2 4 troubleshooting 11 2 Length field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 log 9 4 Log and Trace menu 9 4 Log Facility field Syslog and Accounting menu 9 5 Log field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 10 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 8 MAC Address 7 9 11 7 9 MAC address spoofing 4 6 Macintosh 3 8 configuring for IP networking 3 5 DHCP Client ID 3 6 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information 3 9 Manager interface commands 7 6 menus 7 6 troubleshooting 11 7 using for configuring 1 2 Manager interface menus Diagnostic 9 6 9 7 Edit IP Static Route 8 7 Filter Rules Summary 10 3 10 9 General Setup Menu 7 8 Generic Filter Rule 10 9 Internet Access Setup 8 1 LAN Setup Menu 7 10 Log and Trace 9 4 Main 7 5 Syslog and Accounting 9 5 Index Syst
7. 0 Mask Specify in hexadecimal format the value that the router should logically qualify and the data in the packet Because length is given in bytes enter a hexadecimal number that is twice the specified length for numbers in this field For example if length is 4 a valid Mask must 8 hexadecimal numbers 1155ABF8 Value Specify in hexadecimal format the value that the router should use to compare with the masked packet The value should align with Offset Because length is given in bytes you need to enter twice the length in hexadecimal numbers for this field For example if length is 4 a valid value must have 8 hexadecimal numbers 1155ABF8 If the result from the masked packet matches Value the packet is considered matched More Determine whether to pass the packet through the next filter rule before an action is taken There are two options Yes No Default If Yes is selected Action Matched and Action Not Matched will be N A Configuring Filters 10 9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 10 5 Generic Filter Rule Fields continued Field Description Log Determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule These results are displayed on the System Log see View Error Log on page 9 4 Seven options are available None No packets are logged default Action Matched O
8. 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic The available commands are listed in Table 9 5 Table 9 5 System Maintenance Diagnostic Fields Field Command Description Ping host Enter 1 This diagnostic test pings a local or remote host You are prompted for the IP address of the host WAN DHCP Enter 2 Release the DHCP assigned parameters received from the ISP Release WAN DHCP Enter 3 Issue a new DHCP request to the ISP for configuration parameters Renew Intenet Setup Test Enter 4 Attempt to login to the ISP showing progress messages Reboot system Enter 11 Your system is rebooted implementing any changes that may have been recently added to your system Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance 9 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Back Up and Restore Configuration You can save the router configuration settings to a disk as a binary file You can also restore the settings from the file at a later time Saving and restoring the router configuration lets you restore the router to working order if the configuration information in the router is lost or damaged You can also use the configuration file to configure a new router of the same type if it becomes necessary to replace the router NETGEAR highly recommends backing up your router configuration after the router is functioning You can perform the backup and restore operations through a
9. Filter Rules Summary Figure 10 2 Menu 21 3 Filter Rules Summary Type Filter Rules Mmn 1 Y IP Pr 6 5 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 DP 137 NDN 2 Y IP Pr 6 SA 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 DP 138 NDN 2 Y IP Pr 6 SA 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 DP 139 NDN 4 Y IP Pr 17 5 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 DP 137 NDN 5 Y IP Pr 17 SA 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 DP 138 NDN 6 Y IP Pr 17 5 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 DP 139 NDF Enter Filter Rule Number 1 6 to Configure M E Figure 10 2 Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary The information in this menu is read only the parameters of each rule that you configured for that set are displayed Table 10 1 lists and describes the abbreviations used in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Table 10 1 Abbreviations Used in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Abbreviation Description Refers to the filter rule number 1 6 A Refers to Active Y means the filter rule is active and N means the filter rule is inactive Type Refers to the type of filter rule and can display GEN for generic or IP for TCP IP Filter Rules The filter rule parameters are displayed here M Refers to More Y means there are more rules to check N means there are no rules to check Configuring Filters 10 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 10 1 Abbreviations Used in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary continued Abbreviation Description m Refers to A
10. M B 5 Private IP Abos adl ru E E n e ca DU Gd B 7 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT re I a B 8 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol B 9 Domain Server een kenn gk kk aa aS ERE B 9 P Gomigvraiot Dy DHCP 10 ere i at DOPO aatia ab reci oa Proto npud pr cal d oai Case Ru ebd LE B 10 Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables TR M m TT 11 rene ene peers Deere eer ere ie B 11 Glossary Index Contents x Contents Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 Figure 5 1 Figure 5 2 Figure 5 3 Figure 5 4 Figure 5 5 Figure 6 1 Figure 6 2 Figure 6 3 Figure 7 1 Figure 7 2 Figure 7 3 Figure 7 4 Figure 7 5 Figure 7 6 Figure 8 1 Figure 8 2 Figure 8 3 Figure 8 4 Figure 8 5 Figure 8 6 Figure 9 1 Figure 9 2 Figure 9 3 Figure 10 1 Figure 10 2 Figure 10 3 RT311 Front Panel S Fiom Panel uui se ci nr rere tera cda a b x DE Rear Pals 2 ec o tei oto ie ee D EIS T4 Heal Pane iacente Dedi e E ER Data P didis 2 5 Login window Browser based configurati
11. Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Phone 1 888 NETGEAR SM RT311NA 4 February 2001 2001 NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved Trademarks NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in
12. Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access 8 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Use Menu 15 SUA Server Setup to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to IP addresses on your local network based on the port number In addition to servers for specific protocols you can also specify a default server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded Menu 15 SUA Server Setup is shown in Figure 8 2 g Menu 15 Multiple Server Configuration Port 4 IP Address Default T3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 c c Oa 6 CoO OOO Oo GO o NC Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel E Figure 8 2 Menu 15 SUA Server Setup Local Web and FTP Server Example If a local with a private address of 192 168 0 3 acts as a Web and FIP server configure Menu 15 to forward ports 80 HTTP and 21 FTP to local address 192 168 0 3 as shown in Table 8 1 Table 8 1 Menu 15 Field Entries Example Port IP Address Default 0 0 0 0 80 HTTP 192 168 0 3 21 FTP 192 168 0 3 8 4 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP If this
13. 12 Static Routing Setup Manually configure static routes The router supports eight static routes 15 SUA Server Setup Configure forwarding of specific incoming service requests to local hosts 21 Filter Set Configuration Set up filters to be used in Menu 3 and Menu 4 to provide security and traffic control 23 System Password Change password for Manager access 24 System Maintenance Provide system status diagnostics and firmware upload 99 Exit Exit from the Manager Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration 7 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers General Setup Menu The General Setup Menu contains administrative and system related information such as the router name To enter administrative and system related information 1 Enter 1 from the Main Menu to display Menu 1 General Setup as illustrated in Figure 7 3 f Menu 1 General Setup 7 System Name MyRT311 Domain Name santaclara gearguy com Configure Dynamic DNS No E Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to cancel J Figure 7 3 Menu 1 General Setup 2 In the System Name field enter a name for identifying the router For identification purposes choose a descriptive name for the router such as MyRT311 If your ISP has assigned a host name for your PC the System Name in some cases must be set to the host name The System Name can include up to 30 alphanumeric cha
14. ISP using Manager Menu 4 Internet Access Setup The configuration information required is either supplied directly by your ISP or must be obtained from your preconfigured PC as described in Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Windows on page 3 8 Additional configuration parameters are available in Menu 11 Remote Node Setup To configure your router for Internet access 1 Enter4 from the Main Menu to display Menu 4 Internet Access Setup Menu 4 Internet Access Setup opens Figure 8 1 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access 8 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers N Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ISP s Name ChangeMe Encapsulation Ethernet Service Type Standard My Login N A My Password N A Login Server IP N A IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A Gateway IP Address N A Single User Account Yes Sa Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel E Figure 8 1 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup 2 Enter the name of your ISP in the ISP s Name field for example myISP This information is required for identification purposes only 3 If your ISP uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE use the space bar to toggle Encapsulation to PPPoE Otherwise leave it as Ethernet PPP over Ethernet PPPoE is a type of connection that requires the use of a dialer program such as Microsoft Dial Up Network
15. If your PC obtains its information from the router by DHCP reboot the PC and verify the gateway address as described in Verifying TCP IP Properties Windows on page 3 4 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in the built in Manager interface Menu 24 4 or in your PC or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Router You can ping the router from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly To ping the router from a PC running Windows 95 Windows 98 or Windows NT 1 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run 2 Inthe field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the router as in this example ping 192 168 0 1 3 Click on OK Troubleshooting 11 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers You should see a message like this one Pinging IP address with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from IP address bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections
16. LOCAL LAN LNK ACT Link Activity and 100M LEDs 4 INTERNET LNK ACT Link Activity LED Figure 2 1 RT311 Front Panel NETGEAR EE Gatevay Router Key 1 PWR Power LED 2 TEST LED 3 LAN LNK ACT Link Activity and 100M LEDs 4 INTERNET LNK ACT Link Activity LED Figure 2 2 RT314 Front Panel Setting Up the Hardware 2 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections Table 2 1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the router These LEDs are green when lit Table 2 1 LED Descriptions Label Activity Description PWR Power On Power is supplied to the router Off Power is not supplied to the router TEST On The system is not ready or has failed to start up Off The system is ready and running Blinking The system is initializing LOCAL LNK ACT On The LAN port has detected a link with an attached device Link Activity Blinking Data is being tranmitted or received by the LAN port 100 100 Mbps On The LAN is operating at 100 Mbps Off The LAN is operating at 10 Mbps INTERNET LNK ACT The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device Link Activity Blinking Data is being tranmitted or received by the Internet port 2 4 Setting Up the Hardware Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers The Router s Rear Panel The rear pa
17. Optional To change the baud rate of the router to 38400 type atba1 Afterwards change the baud rate of your terminal to match Changing the baud rate may be necessary if the file transfer is unreliable at 9600 baud 4 Type atur3 and wait for the following messages Now erase flash ROM for uploading 11 8 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Starting XMODEM upload 5 From your terminal program send the binary file romfile0 311 using XMODEM transfer protocol Wait for the following message Programming successful 6 Restart the router Using FTP To restore the configuration file over the LAN you must have an FTP client program Windows includes an FTP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu Other client programs are available through many software retailers and shareware sites To back up or restore the configuration 1 Rename romfile0 311 to rom 0 2 Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router No login name is necessary The password is the current Manager password If you have lost the password use the serial connection method described in the previous section The factory default password is 1234 3 Use your FTP program to get back up or put restore the file named rom 0 in the router Be sure to specify a binary not ascii transfer Troubleshooting 11 9 Referenc
18. PWR LED Not On If the PWR and other LEDs are off when your router is turned on e sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet Check that you are using the 12 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Troubleshooting 114 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Test LED Never Blinks or LED Stays On When the router is turned on the Test LED blinks for about 30 seconds at a rate of approximately 0 5 Hz and then turns off If the Test LED does not blink or if it stops blinking and stays on there is a fault within the router If you experience problems with the Test LED e Cycle the power to see if the router recovers and the LED blinks for the correct amount of time If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LNK ACT LEDs Not On If either the Local or Internet LNK ACT LED does not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the router s INTERNET port
19. Password Enter the password of your dynamic DNS service account Enable Wildcard DynDNS org allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL Enabling the wildcard feature for your host will cause yourhost dyndns org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost dyndns org 8 10 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Chapter 9 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router provides tools for maintenance and diagnostics These tools include displays of system status and connections log and trace capabilities and upgrades to the system software This chapter describes the use of these tools System Status The System Maintenance Status Menu Menu 24 1 allows the user to monitor the operation of the router This screen displays the current status of the two Ethernet ports and the number of packets sent and received The system software version is also displayed To access the System Maintenance Status Menu 1 Enter 24 from the Main Menu to display the System Maintenance menu Figure 9 1 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance 9 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers FK Menu 24 System Maintenance UN System Status System Information and Console Port Speed Log and Trace Diagnostic Backup Configuration Restore Configuration Firmware Update
20. Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration 7 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting Through a Serial Port You can access the internal Manager interface through a serial port by using a 100 terminal or by using a terminal emulation program on your PC or workstation If you are using Windows for example Microsoft provides HyperTerminal with Windows 95 and Windows 98 Be sure to set the program for VT100 emulation including arrow keys Serial port parameters are as follows 9600 bps e 8 data bits e jstop bit e No parity e No flow control When the serial connection has been established press any key The router should respond with a Password prompt Type the current password to access the Manager interface The default password is 1234 Connecting Through a Telnet Connection You can access the built in interface by a Telnet call from any TCP IP workstation on the LAN or the remote network In order to use the Telnet Protocol you must know the current IP address of the router If you do not know the router s current IP address you must use a serial connection to assign an IP address The router is shippped with a default address of 192 168 0 1 To establish a Telnet connection from the LAN you must set up your workstation to reach the IP address of the router by doing one of the following Set your workstation to an IP address on the c
21. 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 31 subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 The default gateway is 192 168 0 1 Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Macintosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP by following these steps 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens Cope Lining Du Gere iet L F ba bar pera lE e Doc Emi i vilks Ear ere Preparing Your Network 3 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel 5 Repeatthis for each Macintosh on your network Verifying TCP IP Properties Macintosh After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP i F 3 P 4214722 sou Emir Iani The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are
22. 8 3 Route Name field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 9 8 7 router concepts B 1 Routing Information Protocol 1 3 B 2 S security 1 2 1 4 7 13 serial cable 2 7 serial port connecting to 7 2 Service Name 4 4 Setup Wizard 4 1 single user account configuring for 8 3 software updating 9 9 Source field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 7 static route setup 8 5 subnet addressing B 5 subnet mask 3 8 3 9 B 5 Syslog and Accounting menu 9 5 Syslog IP Address field Syslog and Accounting menu 9 5 syslogd 9 5 System Maintenance menu 9 1 9 3 T TCP Estab field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 8 TCP IP configuring 3 1 network troubleshooting 11 5 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 6 TCP IP properties verifying for Macintosh 3 6 verifying for Windows 3 4 TCP IP Setup field Ethernet Setup menu 5 4 7 12 technical support xv Telnet access 10 11 Telnet session connecting to Manager interface 7 2 terminal baud rate 9 4 trace tools 9 4 troubleshooting 11 1 typographical conventions xvii U Uplink switch B 11 V Value field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 W warranty 1 3 1 5 Windows configuring for IP routing 3 2 winipcfg utility 3 4 World Wide Web iii X XMODEM 9 8 9 10 Index
23. Access Device 2 7 Connecting the Serial Cable Optional raices cie a 2 7 Connecting the Power AOSDIBI eeano 2 8 Contents V POWE 2 Pr peo pressa ae ERR C 2 8 Chapter 3 Preparing Your Network Preparing Your Personal Computers for IP Networking 3 1 Configuring Windows 95 or later for IP Networking T Tt t Pe pee MES duse i S osiin acione na aA a E 3 4 Verifying TCP IP Properties Windows sse 3 4 Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking T ben E e Verifying TCP IP Properties Macintosh 3 6 TOU IMEET e MS 3 7 Lodin ProtOCOlS Jc M 3 7 Pep korma lon 2 nre edt p RR Cnr RR ba ERE VA RO d a Ra RR v 3 7 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Windows Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Macintosh 3 9 Ready erem TTL TT 3 10 Chapter 4 Initial Configuration of the Router Configuring for Internet Access CUR 41 Chapter 5 Advanced Configuration of the Router System Settings 5 1 VALE
24. Because the Model RT314 router includes a four port switch while the Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network the method of connection is different Follow the procedure below for your specific model The LOCAL ports of these routers are capable of operation at either 10 Mbps 10 5 or 100 Mbps 100BASE Tx depending on the Ethernet interface of the attached PC hub or switch For any connection which will operate at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 CATS rated cable such as the white Ethernet cable included with the router Connecting the Model RT311 router to your Local Area Network The Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network This port is wired as a host rather than a hub and is intended to connect to a hub or switch in your network To connect the Model RT311 router to your LAN e Connect the LOCAL port of the router to your existing Ethernet hub or switch using the white straight through Ethernet cable shipped with your router To connect the router to a single PC Connect the LOCAL port of the router to the Ethernet port of your PC using the red Ethernet crossover cable shipped with your router If the Ethernet port of your PC operates at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 rated cable such as the red Ethernet cable included with the Model RT311 router Connecting the Model RT314 router to your Local Area Network The Model RT314 router incorporat
25. IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN router at 192 168 0 10 Metric value of either 1 or 2 will work Private is set to Yes only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access 8 9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Dynamic DNS You can configure your router to register its dynamically assigned IP address with a dynamic DNS service by configuring Menu 1 1 shown in Figure 8 6 To use this feature you must have an account with DynDNS org Refer to www dyndns org for more information Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS T Service Provider WWW DynDNS ORG Active No Host EMAIL USER Passwords Enable Wildcard No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel CM Figure 8 6 Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS Table 8 3 lists and describes the fields for Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS Table 8 3 Dynamic DNS Configuration Fields Field Description Service Provider Select your dynamic DNS service provider Active Use this field to activate or deactivate dynamic DNS registration Host Enter the static host name that will link to your dynamic IP address EMAIL Enter your email address for administrative contact USER Enter the user name of your dynamic DNS service account
26. Internet user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http 172 16 1 23 The assigned address can be found in the Maintenance Status Menu where it is shown as the WAN IP Address Some considerations for this application are e If your account s IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires e If the IP address of the local PC is assigned by DHCP it may change when the PC is rebooted To avoid this change the configuration of your PCs to use fixed private addresses rather than DHCP assigned addresses Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs local LAN address 192 168 0 33 in this example Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external IP address 172 16 1 23 in this example will fail Advanced Configuration of the Router 5 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Local Game Host or Videoconference Example Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT The Model Model RT311 and RT314 routers are programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local PC can run the application properly if that PC s IP address is entered as the default in the PORTS Menu If one local PC acts as a game or videoconference host enter its IP address
27. Static Route Setup 2 Select an unused number from the menu and press Enter Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route opens as shown in Figure 8 4 8 6 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route Route 1 Route Name Active No Destination IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Metric 2 Private No E Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel E Figure 8 4 Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route 3 Enter settings for the static route entry Table 8 2 lists and describes the fields for Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route Table 8 2 Edit IP Static Route Fields Field Description Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route for identification purposes only Active Use this field to activate or deactivate this static route Destination IP Address Enter the IP network address of the final destination Routing is always based on network number If you need to specify a route to a single host use a subnet mask of 255 255 255 255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask for this destination Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway to the destination network The gateway is the next router that your router contacts in order
28. The beginning of the range of IP addresses to assign Count The number of sequential addresses available for assignment to attached hosts The maximum is 32 Primary DNS Server If you want the router to provide the Primary DNS Server address to attached hosts enter the DNS address in this field If this field is 0 0 0 0 the router assigns its own address as DNS Server and performs a DNS Proxy if it can obtain a DNS address from the ISP Secondary DNS Server If you want the router to assign the Secondary DNS Server address to attached hosts enter the address in this field LAN TCP IP Table 5 3 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up TCP IP parameters for the LAN Table 5 3 LAN TCP IP Setup Fields Field Description TCP IP Setup IP Address Enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the router in dotted decimal notation four 8 bit numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods for example 192 168 0 1 Every device on the TCP IP network must have a unique IP address IP Subnet Mask An IP address consists of two parts the network ID and the host ID The IP Subnet Mask specifies the network ID portion of the address written in dotted decimal notation The router automatically calculates this mask for the class of the IP address that you assign Unless you have a special need for subnetting use the default subnet mask calculated by the router All hosts on the LAN segment should use the same
29. a Telnet session The Manager Interface provides access to advanced features such as custom filters 1 4 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers e Visual monitoring The Model RT311 and RT314 routers s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity Maintenance and Support NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the Model RT311 and RT314 routers e Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade e Five year warranty Free technical support seven days a week twenty four hours a day Introduction 1 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 1 6 Introduction Chapter 2 Setting Up the Hardware This chapter describes the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router hardware and provides instructions for installing it Package Contents The product package should contain the following items Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router AC power adapter 12 V DC output Category 5 Cat 5 Ethernet cable straight through wiring white Category 5 Ethernet cable crossover wiring red RT311 only Model RT311 and RT314 Resource CD including This guide Application Notes Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router Installation Guide Registration and Warranty Card Support Information Card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged con
30. a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna ncrease the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers are shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Best tigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt das Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 199 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entst rt ist Das vorschriftsm fige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt f r Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie a
31. address is 172 16 1 23 for example an Internet user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http 172 16 1 23 The assigned address can be found in Menu 24 1 in the WAN IP Address field Some considerations for this application are e If your account s IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires e If the IP address of the local PC is assigned by DHCP it may change when the PC is rebooted To avoid this change the configuration of your PCs to use fixed private addresses rather than DHCP assigned addresses Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs local LAN address 192 168 0 3 this example Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external IP address 172 16 1 23 in this example will fail Local Game Host or Videoconference Example Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT The Model Model RT311 and RT314 routers are programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local PC can run the application properly if that PC s IP address is entered as the default in Menu 15 If one local PC acts as a game or videoconference host enter its IP address as the default Setting Static Routes Under normal circumstances the router has adequate routing information after y
32. also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The FR314 firewall router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The FR314 firewall router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The router can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an 45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring and pinout as described in Table B 3 Table B 3 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange White Transmit Tx 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green White Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue White 6 Green Receive Rx 7 Brown White 8 Brown
33. also known as IP address masquerading and allows the use of an inexpensive single user ISP account Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN the router allows incoming traffic to be forwarded to specific PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The Model RT311 and RT314 routers dynamically assign network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies configuration of LAN attached PCs DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified the router provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs The router obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN Introduction 1 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers over Ethernet PPPoE PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection Security The Model RT311 and RT314 routers are equipped with several features designed to maintain security as described in this section e PCs Hidden by NAT Network address translation NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for request
34. an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide About This Guide XV Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT xvi About This Guide Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Typographical Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions italics Book titles and UNIX file command and directory names courier font Screen text user typed command line entries Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names Enter Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets The notation Enter is used for the Enter key and the Return key Ctrl C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked with a plus sign ALL CAPS DOS file and directory names Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages No
35. as the default Static Routes The fourth feature category under the Advanced heading is Static Route which allows configuration of additional routing information Under normal circumstances the router has adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on Static Route to view the Static Route menu shown in Figure 5 3 Destination E Ert MT Figure 5 3 Static Route Summary Table 5 8 Advanced Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers To add or edit a Static Route select a number and click the Edit button to open the Edit Menu shown in Figure 5 4 Figure 5 4 Static Route Entry and Edit Menu Table 5 5 lists and describes the fields for the IP Static Route Edit menu Table 5 5 Edit IP Static Route Fields Field Description Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route for identification purposes only Active Use this field to activate or deactivate this static route Destination IP Address Enter the IP network address of the final destination Routing is always based on network number If you need to specify a route to a single host use
36. flash memory and reboots itself dropping the FTP session 9 10 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Command Interpreter Mode To enter the command interpreter mode e Select option 8 from Menu 24 Maintenance to enter the command interpreter mode This mode allows you to diagnose test and configure your router using a script or specified set of commands To see a list of valid commands type help at the command prompt For more detailed information go to the NETGEAR Web site www netgear com Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance 9 11 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 9 12 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Chapter 10 Configuring Filters This chapter provides information about configuring and using filters for your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router Filters are used to block certain packets reduce traffic and prevent security breaches The router uses packet filters to determine whether to allow or deny passage of each data packet based on information found in the packet A filter is defined by rules declaring what information is to be checked and what action is to be taken forward or discard when a match is found Two types of packet filters are supported by the router IP protocol filters and generic or device filters An
37. have selected a login program you may have incorrectly set the login name and password e Your ISP may check for your PC s host name Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account to the router as System Name in Manager Menu 1 or as Host Name in the browser based Setup Wizard e Your ISP only allows one MAC address to connect to Internet and may check for your PC s MAC address Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device and ask them to use the router s MAC address 11 4 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers OR Configure your router to spoof your PC s MAC address This can be done in Manager Menu 2 or in the browser based Setup Wizard If your router can obtain an IP address but your PC is unable to load any web pages from the Internet e Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses A DNS server 15 a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use If you entered a DNS address during the router s configuration reboot your PC and verify the DNS address as described in Verifying TCP IP Properties Windows on page 3 4 Alternatively you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation e Your PC may not have the router configured as its TCP IP gateway
38. m 11 1 antennae 11 1 Test ED Never Blinks or LED Stays auisssacepeudceseen o kidepn deri vxtbu inen n 11 2 LNKACT LEDS Ot tne 11 2 Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface 11 2 Troubleshooting the ISP Connection eens 11 3 Troubleshooting TCP IP Network Using Ping Utility 11 5 Testing the LAN Path to Your ROUtEr 2 22 2222 cuui irem kien cux libera 11 5 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device T UT e iu deg Troubleshooting the Manager Interface 11 7 Restoring the Default Configuration and 11 8 Usimng a ERST EET LS 11 8 LESS e POU c sania 11 9 viii Contents Appendix A Technical Specifications Genial PoC IMU A 1 Appendix B Network and Routing Basics Basie POBRES osos eate ua oer tata a RO rete Ceu ees 1 Internation 2 Addresses and the Internet 2 VENE TREE Tree B 4 Subnet MICOS SNAG erreina
39. mask 5 4 Advanced Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5 3 LAN TCP IP Setup Fields continued Field Description RIP Direction RIP Version Multicast This parameter determines how the router handles RIP Routing Information Protocol RIP allows the router to exchange routing information with other routers If set to None default the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers If set to Both the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table If set to In Only the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN If set to Out Only the router broadcasts its routing table but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives Usually you should leave this parameter at the default None This field determines the format and broadcasting method of any RIP Routing Information Protocol transmissions by the router The following RIP options are supported by the Model RT311 router RIP 1 The router sends RIP 1 messages only RIP 2B The router sends RIP 2 messages in broadcast format RIP 2M The router sends RIP 2 messages in multicast format For most applications the recommended version is RIP 1 Some streaming media applications e g Cisco IP TV RealPlayer now support IP Multicast To enable M
40. needed consider the following case Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where you are employed This router s address on your LAN is 192 168 0 100 Your company s network is 134 177 0 0 When you first configured your router two implicit static routes were created A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192 168 x x addresses With this configuration if you attempt to access a device on the 134 177 0 0 network your router will forward your request to the ISP The ISP forwards your request to the company where you are employed and the request will likely be denied by the company s firewall 5 10 Advanced Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers In this case you must define a static route telling your router that 134 177 0 0 should be accessed through the ISDN router at 192 168 100 The static route would look like Figure 5 5 Figure 5 5 Static Route Example In this example Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134 177 x x addresses e Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN router at 192 168 0 100 Metric value of either 1
41. of the port TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear Collisions The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear Tx B s The current line utilization percentage of current bandwidth used on this port Tx B s The average line utilization average CLU for this port Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired link System up Time The time elapsed since the last power cycle or reset Poll Interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window Click on Stop to freeze the display Maintenance 6 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers DHCP Table The DHCP Table shows all IP address assignments that have been made by the router s DHCP server From the Main Menu of the browser interface click on Maintenance then select DHCP Table to view the table shown in Figure 6 3 IP Ad dias Nar Addii Figure 6 3 DHCP Table For each PC client the table shows the IP address Ethernet MAC address and NetBIOS Host Name Note that 1f the router 1s rebooted the table data 15 lost until each PC renews its DHCP lease Software Upgrade The routing software of the Model RT311 and RT314 routers is stored in FLASH memory and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR Upgrade files can be
42. or 2 will work Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated Advanced Configuration of the Router 5 11 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 5 12 Advanced Configuration of the Router Chapter 6 Maintenance This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface System Status The System Status menu provides a limited amount of status and usage information From the Main Menu of the browser interface click on Maintenance then select System Status to view the System Status screen shown in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 System Status screen Maintenance 6 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers This screen shows the following parameters Table 6 1 Menu 3 2 System Status Fields Field Description System Name This field displays the Host Name assigned to the router Router Firmware Version This field displays the router firmware version WAN Port IP Address IP Subnet Mask These parameters apply to the Internet WAN port of the router This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet WAN port of the router If no address is shown the router cannot connect to the Internet
43. serial connection using a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerm or over the LAN using the Telnet protocol and a third party FTP program The procedures are described in the following sections Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration with a Serial Connection Your serial communications software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol To back up the configuration with a serial connection 1 Establish a serial connection with the router For more information see Connecting Through a Serial Port on page 7 2 2 Select Menu 24 System Maintenance 3 Enter 5 to select Backup Configuration You are prompted to receive the file using the XMODEM transfer function of your terminal emulation program To restore the configuration 1 Establish a serial connection with the router For more information see Connecting Through a Serial Port on page 7 2 2 Select Menu 24 System Maintenance 3 Enter 6 to select Restore Configuration You are prompted to send the file using the XMODEM transfer function of your terminal emulation program 9 8 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers The procedure for receiving or sending the configuration file varies depending on the type of terminal software used to access the router Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP To back up or restore the con
44. supplied by your ISP for connecting to your cable or DSL modem may be an Ethernet crossover cable rather than a straight through cable It is important to use this cable to connect the modem to your router not to connect your PCs to your router Connecting the Serial Cable Optional In normal operation you will not need a serial connection to the Manager port This connection is used e to configure your router using the Manager interface if you cannot use Telnet or e to restore the router to factory defaults if you have lost your Manager password To connect the serial cable 1 Plug end of the 9 pin RS 232 cable into the MANAGER port Setting Up the Hardware 2 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 2 Plug the other end into a serial port such as COMI or COM2 of your PC Note You must use a 9 pin to 25 pin adapter if your PC has only a 25 pin port available Connecting the Power Adapter To connect the router to the power adapter 1 Plugthe connector of the power adapter into the 12 VDC adapter outlet on the rear panel of the router 2 Plug the other end of the adapter into a standard wall outlet 3 Verify that the PWR LED on the router is lit Verifying Power After connecting the power adapter to the router and a power source the router powers on automatically Complete the following steps to verify that power is correctly applied to the router 1 When
45. you need Telnet or FTP access to the router from the Internet you must remove the filter number 3 from Menu 11 5 To reach Menu 11 5 follow these steps 1 From the Main Menu select Menu 11 Remote Node Setup This will display Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile 2 Goto Edit Filter Sets and use the space bar to toggle the value to Yes Configuring Filters 10 11 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 3 Press ENTER to display Menu 11 5 Note When you have made changes to Menu 11 5 you must also save Menu 11 1 in order for your changes to be saved 10 12 Configuring Filters Chapter 11 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router the following sequence of events should occur The PWR LED lights e The router performs self test for 30 seconds during which the Test LED should blink at a rate of about 0 5 Hz and then turn off e Ifthe Local and Internet Ethernet connections are correctly made to operational devices each LNK ACT LED should be on e Ifa Local Ethernet port is connected to a device that operates at 100 Mbps the 100 LED should be on If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section
46. 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks Network and Routing Basics B 11 Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router B 12 Network and Routing Basics 10BASE T 100BASE Tx DHCP DNS Domain Name Server Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol IP IP Address IPSec IPX ISP Internet Packet Exchange Internet Protocol Glossary IEEE 802 3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring IEEE 802 3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See Domain Name Server A Domain Name Server DNS resolves descriptive names of network resources such as www netgear com to numeric IP addresses An Ethernet protocol that provides a centralized administration point for assigning network configuration information See Internet Protocol A 4 byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic an organization formed for this purpose Usually written in dotted decimal notation with periods separating the bytes for example 134 177 244 57 Internet Protocol Security IPSec is a series of guidelines for securing private information tra
47. 68 0 1 Troubleshooting 11 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 3 Under the Advanced heading click on Maintenance 4 Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP To check the WAN IP address from the Manager interface 1 If your system uses a login script such as PPPoE or RoadRunner go to Manager interface Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic and select Internet Setup Test This will cause your router to attempt to login to the ISP 2 Goto Manager interface Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status 3 Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure 1 Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem 2 Turn off power to your router 3 Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem 4 When the modem s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP reapply power to your router If your router is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP the problem may be one of the following e Your ISP may require a login program Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet PPPoE or a RoadRunner login e Ifyou
48. B 2 Network and Routing Basics Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 726 Figure B 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range T28V l2xX X EO 19142254 exes e Class Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range 192 0 1 x t0 2223 255 294 32
49. Command Interpreter Mode Call Control ON DO BF WN Hn Enter Menu Selection Number 2 Figure 9 1 Menu 24 System Maintenance 2 Enter 1 to display Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status menu Figure 9 2 Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status Port Status TxPkts RxPkts Cols Tx B s Rx B s Up Time WAN 10M 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 17 LAN 100M Full 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 05 Port Ethernet Address IP Address IP Mask DHCP 00 0 5 0 0 5 1 2 3 4 255 255 255 0 Client LAN 00 0 5 0 0 4 192 168 0 1 255 255 255 0 Server System up Time 0 26 05 Name RT311 Routing IP RAS F W Version V3 00 M 00 5 31 2000 Press Command COMMANDS 1 Drop WAN 9 Reset Counters ESC Exit 20 Figure 9 2 Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status 9 2 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 9 1 lists the commands used in the System Maintenance Status menu Table 9 1 System Maintenance Status Command Field Name Description Enter 1 Drop WAN Log out of PPPoE or RoadRunner session Enter 9 Reset counters Resets the counters Esc Exits the screen Table 9 2 lists the fields for Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status These fields are read only fields Table 9 2 System Maintenance Status Fields Field Description Statistics The statistics for the WAN and LAN ports
50. ETGEAR strongly recommends that you configure all hosts LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the IANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 172 166 0 0 172 31 255 255 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 NETGEAR recommends that you choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the FR314 firewall router is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force publishes RFCs on its Web site at www ie
51. For each port the screen displays Status The link status of the port TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear Cols The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear Tx B s The current line utilization percentage of current bandwidth used on this port Tx B s The average line utilization average CLU for this port Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired link or logged in Address For the WAN and LAN ports the screen displays information Ethernet The Ethernet MAC address of the port address IP address The IP address assigned to the port IP mask The IP subnet mask assigned to the port DHCP The DHCP status of the port Client Server or None System up Time The time elapsed since the last power cycle or reset Name The name of your router which you configured in Menu 1 General Setup RAS S W Version The version of the current router software Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance 9 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Terminal Baud Rate You can change the baud rate of the serial Manager connection using Menu 24 2 2 System Maintenance Change Console Port Speed The router supports 9600 default 19200 38400 57600 and 115200 bits per second bps for the serial connection To change the rate togg
52. IP protocol filter screens the packet based on IP address and port information contained in the packet A generic filter looks for a specified pattern of bits at a specified location in the packet In the configuration of IP filters it is necessary to specify ports and protocols by their assigned numbers instead of names comprehensive list of protocol and port numbers for common IP traffic can be found IETF RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Many common port numbers also listed on any Windows PC in file called windows services The Model RT311 and RT314 routers allow you to customize filter sets according to your needs The following sections describe how to configure the filter sets for your router Router Filter Structure You can configure up to 12 filter sets each with up to six rules For IP packets these rules involve comparing the protocol type of a data packet for example TCP UDP source or destination address or port number Also a generic filter may be defined to merely test for a byte or pattern of bytes in a particular location in the packet When a rule is met or not met a user specified action is taken This action may be to forward the packet drop the packet or go to the next rule Configuring Filters 10 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers When implementing these filter sets you can link up to four of the filter sets to screen the data packet Therefo
53. IP address will be 192 168 0 1 and the router s DHCP client will be enabled To reach the Erase menu click Maintenance from the navigation bar on the left and then click the Erase heading To erase the configuration click the Erase button on the screen Maintenance 6 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 6 6 Maintenance Chapter 7 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration This chapter contains information about basic configuration for your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router using the internal Manager interface The initial configuration consists of accessing the Manager naming the router setting up the LAN interface including DHCP parameters to be assigned to the attached PCs After you have performed basic router configuration proceed to Chapter 8 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access and Chapter 10 Configuring Filters to configure Internet access and additional features Note You can also use the browser based setup to configure basic router features and later use the Manager interface to configure advanced features Connecting for Configuration The Manager interface is accessible by a serial connection through the MANAGER port on the rear panel of your router or by a Telnet connection over the local network as described in the following sections
54. Make sure the Local LNK ACT LED is on If the LNK ACT LED is off follow the instructions in LNK ACT LEDs Not On on page 11 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and router e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your PC or workstation Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet 11 6 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your PC to a remote device e From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 followed by the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Check that your PC has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in the control panel network utility Go to the Run window and run winipcfg The IP address of the router should appear as the Default Gateway Check to see that the network address of your PC th
55. P server from your location Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location If you are unsure refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP 5 6 Advanced Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Use the PORTS menu to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to IP addresses on your local network based on the port number In addition to servers for specific protocols you can also specify a Default also called DMZ Server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded To configure port forwarding to a local server 1 Enter the Port Number in an unused Port box 2 Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box 3 Click Apply at the bottom of the menu Local Web and FTP Server Example If a local PC with a private address of 192 168 0 33 acts as a Web and FIP server configure the PORTS menu to forward ports 80 HTTP and 21 FTP to local address 192 168 0 33 as shown in Table 5 4 Table 5 4 Port Table Entries Example Port Server IP Address Default 0 0 0 0 80 HTTP 192 168 0 33 21 192 168 0 33 In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP If this address is 172 16 1 23 for example an
56. RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers VT100 terminal emulation 9600 baud rate unless this setting has been changed previously in the router setup No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit If you cannot access the Manager by using the Telnet Protocol e Verify the Ethernet connection between your PC and the router Refer to Testing the LAN Path to Your Router on page 11 5 e If you are attempting to telnet from WAN side you must disable the factory default Telnet filter that prevents Telnet access from the WAN Refer to Chapter 10 Configuring Filters for information about setting and clearing filters Restoring the Default Configuration and Password You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults by uploading the utility file romfile0 311 which can be found in the directory in which FirstGear was installed This file is also available on the NETGEAR Web site This procedure restores the Manager password to 1234 and sets the Manager baud rate to 9600 Use the serial connection method for cases when the Manager password is not known Using a Serial Connection To upload romfile0 311 you must enter the BootModule debug mode with a serial connection to the Manager port 1 While monitoring the serial port turn on the router Wait for the following message Press Any key to enter Debug Mode within 3 seconds 2 Press any key and wait for the following message Enter Debug Mode 3
57. T311 and RT314 routers are shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The router assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 0 2 through 192 168 0 31 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the router 192 168 0 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 95 or later for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process To configure Microsoft Windows 95 or later for IP networking 1 Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 2 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Network Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed i Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter TCP IP Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks Eile and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP pr
58. This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet WAN port of the router IP Subnet Mask DHCP If set to None the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the WAN If set to Client the router is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the ISP LAN Port These parameters apply to the Local WAN port of the router IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Local LAN port of the router The default is 192 168 0 1 This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local LAN port of the router The default is 255 255 255 0 DHCP If set to None the router will not assign IP addresses to local PCs on the LAN If set to Server the router is configured to assign IP addresses to local PCs on the LAN 6 2 Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Click on the Show Statistics button to display router usage statistics as shown in Figure 6 2 below Part Staus Ta kts Ug Time WAH Dran D Occ Da LAN TIE ul 458 D 0 12 15 System up Time 0 17 31 Fall intervals F Stop Decimi Figure 6 2 Router Statistics screen This screen shows the following statistics Table 6 2 Router Statistics Fields Field Description Port The statistics for the WAN Internet and LAN local ports For each port the screen displays Status The link status
59. a subnet mask of 255 255 255 255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask for this destination Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway to the destination network The gateway is the next router that your router contacts in order to forward packets to the destination On the LAN the gateway must be a router on the same segment as the router Over the WAN the gateway will be the IP address of the router at your ISP Advanced Configuration of the Router 5 9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5 5 Edit IP Static Route Fields continued Field Description Metric Enter the cost in hops of transmission for routing purposes IP routing uses hop counts as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link The number does not have to be precise but it must be between 1 and 16 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number Private Use this field to determine whether the router includes the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in any RIP broadcast If set to No the route to this remote node is propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts Static Route Example As an example of when a static route is
60. and enter the IP address of that PC e For convenience the IP address of the PC you are now using should already appear If this is not the PC whose MAC address is to be used enter that PC s IP address Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC by using its MAC address Click on Finish Click on the NETGEAR website address to test your Internet connection If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute refer to Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Your router is now configured to provide Internet access for your network When your router and PCs are configured correctly your router automatically accesses the Internet when one of your LAN devices requires access It is not necessary to run a dialer application such as Dial Up Networking or RoadRunner Login to connect log in or disconnect These functions are performed by the router as needed To access the Internet from any PC connected to your router launch a browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator You should see the router s Internet LED blink indicating communication to the ISP The browser should begin to display a Web page 4 6 Initial Configuration of the Router Chapter 5 Advanced Configuration of the Router This chapter de
61. ce locator URL http www netgear com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required Contents About This Guide M vu n ESO eec PANT ANE DD TL T D sre XV micare se XV Typographical DOVER acccpit d o oen deba al ebd loonie xvii epe Message auseneen dad at ctp os onines d ai xvii Chapter 1 Introduction About the Router TOS betes Ciena ree E TEE E 1 1 PUTS SSN 10100 ETS M E 1 3 pede mS 1 3 cei T 1 4 Easy Installation and Management 2 esie reum 1 4 Maintenance and SUDON eee onora aia A N 1 5 Chapter 2 Setting Up the Hardware gor ccr Ee DI RU EI 2 1 Local Network Hardware Requirements 2 2 PO isi m S 2 2 Access Device Requires inant Ra Rara RE 2 2 The Router s Front Panel TO TR ET 2 3 Routers Rear M E 2 5 Connecting TMe ROOT mee TERT 2 6 Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network 2 6 Connecting the Model RT311 router to your Local Area Network 2 6 Connecting the Model RT314 router to your Local Area Network 2 6 Connecting to Your Internet
62. cond feature category under the Advanced heading is LAN Setup This menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on LAN to view the LAN Setup menu shown in Figure 5 1 Figure 5 1 LAN Setup Menu DHCP The Model RT311 and RT314 routers have the capability to act as a DHCP server allowing them to assign IP DNS and default gateway addresses to attached PCs The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the router IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN See IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network For most applications the default DHCP and settings of the router are satisfactory These default settings are e DHCP server enabled with 32 client addresses starting from 192 168 0 1 Advanced Configuration of the Router 5 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5 2 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up DHCP parameters Table 5 2 DHCP Setup Fields Field Description DHCP Server If this box is checked the router acts as a DHCP server If this box is cleared the router s DHCP server is disabled Pool Starting Address
63. ction Matched F means to forward the packet D means to drop the packet and N means to check the next rule n Refers to Action Not Matched F means to forward the packet D means to drop the packet and N means to check the next rule For more information about filter rules refer to Configuring a Filter Rule on page 10 6 If the filter type is IP TCP IP the abbreviations listed in Table 10 2 are used Table 10 2 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP Abbreviation Description Pr Protocol SA Source Address SP Source Port number DA Destination Address If the filter type is GEN generic the abbreviations listed in Table 10 3 are used Table 10 3 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN Abbreviation Description Off Offset Len Length To configure a specific filter rule select the number of the filter rule 1 6 that you want to configure and press Enter to display Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule Figure 10 3 10 4 Configuring Filters Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule S Filter 1 1 Filter Type TCP IP Filter Rule Active Yes IP Protocol 17 IP Source Route No Destination IP Addr 0 0 0 0 IP Mask 0 0 0 0 Port 0 Port Comp None Source IP Addr 0 0 0 0 IP Mask 0 0 0 0 Port 137 Port Comp Equal TCP Estab N A More No Log None Action Matc
64. d accepts queries based on e mail addresses To utilize this service you must register with the Dynamic DNS service provider who will give you a password or key At this time the Model RT311 and RT314 routers only support DynDNS service For more information visit www dyndns org The configuration fields for Dynamic DNS are shown in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Dynamic DNS configuration fields Field Description Active Use this field to activate or deactivate dynamic DNS registration Service Provider Select a dynamic DNS service provider Host Name Enter the static host name that will link to your dynamic IP address E Mail Address Enter your email address for administrative contact User Enter the user name of your dynamic DNS account Password Enter the password of your dynamic DNS account Enable Wildcard DynDNS org allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL Enabling the wildcard feature for your host will cause yourhost dyndns org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost dyndns org Password Select the Password tab to change your router s management password This is the password to access the router for configuration not for Internet access To change the password first enter the old password and then enter the new password twice 5 2 Advanced Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers LAN Setup The se
65. ddress automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address 3 8 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window Click OK Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Macintosh As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use this information when you configure the Model RT311 and RT314 routers Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel a
66. downloaded from Netgear s website If the upgrade file is compressed ZIP file you must first extract the binary BIN file before sending it to the router The upgrade file can be sent to the router using your browser Note The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the Model RT311 and RT314 routers must support HTTP uploads NETGEAR recommends using Netscape Navigator 3 0 or above To reach the Upgrade menu click Maintenance from the navigation bar on the left and then click the Upgrade heading To upload new firmware 1 Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR 2 Inthe Software Upgrade menu click the Browse button and browse to the location of the binary BIN upgrade file 3 Click Upload 6 4 Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Note When uploading software to the Model RT311 and RT314 routers it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window clicking a link or loading a new page If the browser is interrupted it may corrupt the software When the upload is complete your router will automatically restart In some cases you may need to reconfigure the router after upgrading Erase the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to a known blank condition This can be done by using the Erase function which will restore all factory settings After an erase the router s password will be 1234 the LAN
67. drop However if you cascade the filter set to another filter set one of these actions must be Check Next Rule 10 10 Configuring Filters Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Default Filters The Model RT311 router is preconfigured with the three filters shown in Figure 10 1 on page 10 2 and in this section Filter 1 NetBIOS_WAN The NetBIOS filter is an IP protocol filter used to prevent the sending of Windows NetBIOS name service packets to the ISP The ports used by NetBIOS name service are 137 and UDP NetBIOS Name Service 138 TCP and UDP NetBIOS Datagram Service 139 TCP and UDP NetBIOS Session Service This filter is applied in Menu 4 1 WAN Port Filter as an Output Filter set Filter 2 NetBIOS LAN The NetBIOS LAN filter is an IP protocol filter used to block NetBIOS name service requests from a local PC to the DNS server of the ISP These requests are UDP packets having a source port of 137 NNS and a destination port of 53 DNS This filter is applied in Menu 3 1 LAN Port Filter as an Input Filter set Filter 3 TEL FTP WEB WAN The TEL FTP WEB LAN filter is an IP protocol filter used to block Telnet HTTP and requests to the router from the Internet The filter blocks TCP packets with a destination port of 21 FTP 23 Telnet or 80 HTTP This filter is applied in Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter as an Input Filter set If
68. e Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 11 10 Troubleshooting Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers General Specifications Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE Power Adapter North America 120V 60 Hz input United Kingdom Australia 240V 50 Hz input Europe 230V 50 Hz input Japan 100V 50 60 Hz input regions output 12 V DC 1 2A output 30W maximum Technical Specifications A 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Physical Specifications Dimensions 253 by 181 by 35 mm 9 95 by 7 1 by 1 4 in Weight 1 1 kg 2 5 lb Environmental Specifications Operating temperature 0 to 40 C Operating humidity 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of FCC Part 15 Class B VCCI Class B EN 55 022 CISPR 22 Class B Interface Specifications LAN 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 WAN 10BASE T RJ 45 Manager RS 232 DB9F A 2 Technical Specifications Appendix B Network and Routing Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks and routing Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area networ
69. e filter sets using Menu 21 and then apply them by number in this menu Refer to Chapter 10 Configuring Filters for more information about configuring and applying filters 7 10 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7 4 lists and describes the interface and filter choices in the LAN Port Filter Setup menu Table 7 4 Menu 3 1 LAN Port Filter Setup Fields Field Description Input and Output Filter Sets Protocol Filters Device Filters Enter filter sets by number to filter packets coming from the LAN Input or going out to the LAN Output Enter the numbers of one or more IP filter sets created in Menu 21 Enter the numbers of one or more generic filter sets created in Menu 21 TCP IP and DHCP Setup The Model RT311 and RT314 routers have the capability to act as a DHCP server allowing them to assign IP DNS and default gateway addresses to attached PCs or workstations The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the router as set in the TCP IP section Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN If you are setting up your network for the first time read about IP addresses starting with Addresses and the Internet on page B 2 and IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about
70. e portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check internal Manager Menu 24 1 to verify the WAN status If the menu indicates the WAN status as down check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning Check the error log in Menu 24 3 1 for any indication of problems If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC enter that host name as the router name in Menu 1 Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs Most broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single PC connected to that modem If this is the case you must configure Menu 2 to allow the router to borrow the MAC address from the authorized PC Refer to WAN Setup on page 7 9 Troubleshooting the Manager Interface Refer to the following instructions if you cannot access the Manager interface by the serial port or by using the Telnet Protocol If you cannot access the Manager interface by the serial port e Verify that the router is connected to the serial port of your terminal or computer using the included cable Check the configuration parameters of your terminal or communications program The connection should be configured as follows Troubleshooting 11 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and
71. em Security 7 13 System Status 9 1 TCP IP Filter Rule 10 6 WAN Setup 7 9 WAN Setup Menu 7 9 MANAGER port 2 7 Mask field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 Metric field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 10 8 8 mode command interpreter 9 11 More field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 8 Multicast 5 5 7 13 N Name field System Maintenance menu 9 3 NAT See Network Address Translation NetBIOS Name Service 10 11 NETGEAR contacting xv netmask translation table B 6 Network Address Translation 1 3 B 8 O Offset field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 P package contents 2 1 password changing 7 13 entering at startup 7 5 restoring 11 8 PC using to configure 3 10 pinout Ethernet cable B 10 port locations 2 5 MANAGER 2 7 serial connecting 7 2 Index Port Forwarding 5 6 port forwarding behind NAT B 9 Port Forwarding Menu 5 6 power connecting 7 4 PPP over Ethernet 1 2 1 4 3 7 8 2 PPPoE 1 2 1 4 3 7 4 4 8 2 PPTP login for Europe 4 4 Private field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 10 8 8 protocols Address Resolution B 9 DHCP 1 3 B 10 Routing Information 1 3 B 2 support 1 2 publications related xv R RAS S W Version System Maintenance menu 9 3 rear panel 2 5 rear panel RT311 2 5 rear panel RT314 2 5 requirements access device 2 2 hardware 2 2 restore factory settings 6 5 RFC 1466 xvi B 7 1597 xvi B 7 1631 xvi B 8 finding B 7 RoadRunner 3 7 4 5
72. er appears to be a single PC to the ISP The router then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the router to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Login Protocols Some ISPs require a special login protocol In this case you will need to know what type of protocol is used and you will need a login name and password The two common protocols are over Ethernet PPPoE Two common PPPoE clients are WinPOET and EntreNet e RoadRunner Not all RoadRunner service areas require a login protocol If your ISP is RoadRunner you should ask whether your PC must run a RoadRunner login program After your network and router are configured the router will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to login from your PC Account Information Unless these items are dynamically assigned by the ISP your ISP should give you the following basic information for your account Preparing Your Network 3 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers e An IP address and subnet mask e gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix i
73. er 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Network and Routing Basics B 5 Heference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table B 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 ON A The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the masklength formats Table B 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 8 255 255 0 0 16 255 255 255 0 24 255 255 255 128 25 255 255 255 192 26 255 255 255 224 27 255 255 255 240 28 255 255 255 248 29 B 6 Network and Routing Basics Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router Table B 2 Netmask Formats 255 255 255 252 30 255 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 32 N
74. es a four port switch for connection to your local network To connect the Model RT314 router to your LAN 2 6 Setting Up the Hardware Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers e Connect up to four PCs directly to any of the four LOCAL ports of the router using standard Ethernet cables If your local network consists of more than four hosts you will need to connect your router to another hub or switch e Connect any LOCAL port of your Model RT314 router to the UPLINK port of an Ethernet hub or switch using standard Ethernet cable If the UPLINK port of your hub or switch is selectable for UPLINK or NORMAL operation be sure that UPLINK is selected If the hub or switch does not contain an UPLINK port you can connect to one of its normal ports using an Ethernet crossover cable Connecting to Your Internet Access Device To connect the router to the Internet or WAN 1 Connect the router s INTERNET port to the 1OBASE T Ethernet port on your existing Internet access device your cable modem or DSL modem Note The attached modem device must provide a standard 10 5 Ethernet connection The Model RT311 and RT314 routers do not include a cable for this connection Instead use the Ethernet cable provided with your access device or any other standard 10BASE T Ethernet cable If you are using a DSL modem the modem s connection to the phone line remains unchanged Note The Ethernet cable
75. figuration file over the LAN you must have an FIP client program Windows includes an FIP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu Other client programs are available through many software retailers and shareware sites To back up or restore the configuration 1 If you are sending a configuration file to the router first rename it to rom 0 2 Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router No login name is necessary The password is the current Manager password The factory default password is 1234 3 Select binary not ascii transfer mode 4 Use your FTP program to get back up or put restore the file named rom 0 in the router Software Update You can update the router software updates either by using the serial cable connection or by using an FTP program Updating Router Software Using a Serial Connection Your serial communications software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol Caution This procedure deletes the existing software before installing the new software Do not attempt to use this menu unless you have the new software version Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance 9 9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Note NETGEAR recommends that you change the Manager port baud rate to 38400 or higher before updating the software using the serial port Doing so
76. formation for use in the configuration of your router Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Windows on page 3 8 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Macintosh on page 3 9 for further information If you are using DHCP with the recommended default addresses you can configure your PCs by following these steps 1 Install TCP IP on each PC leaving the PC configured to obtain configuration settings automatically by DHCP 2 Physically connect the PCs and the router using a hub or a direct connection 3 Restart the router and allow it to boot 4 Restart each PC Verifying TCP IP Properties Windows After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the Windows 95 and 98 utility winipcfg exe for Windows NT systems use ipconfig exe 3 4 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 winipcfg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway 3 Select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends The IP address is between 192
77. gnostic Menu e usted i ME Back Up and Restore A 9 8 Contents vii Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration with a Serial Connection 9 8 Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP 9 9 wisi B ri e E 9 9 Updating Router Software Using Serial Connection 9 9 Updating Router Software Using FTP nis T 9 10 Command Inepreter ModE t 9 11 Chapter 10 Configuring Filters a3 Hz En N 10 1 10 2 CSO TINH A Filer RUIE eison a 10 6 TOGPSE FRO BOIS eio reta dm Dad d 10 6 Generic Filter Rule m TORT 10 9 a 10 10 Br UB 10 11 Filter 1 NetBIOS_WAN settee T 10 11 eT 10 11 Fiera TEL FIP WEB WAN ui en Deka adu ctp aot 10 11 Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Basic Functioning TNR EUR TUM
78. he Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 combined with 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros B 4 Network and Routing Basics Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are f
79. he available options Required fields Some of the fields in the Manager are essential in order to configure the router The required fields initially show a question mark indicating that the information must be filled in before that menu can be saved N A fields Some of the fields in the Manager show N A meaning the option is not available Save your Press Enter when prompted to press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel In most configuration cases saving the data on the screen takes you to the previous menu Manager Menu Summary Table 7 2 describes the top level Manager menus Table 7 2 Manager Menu Summary Number Menu Title Description 1 General Setup Specify a router name 2 WAN Setup Set full half duplex to the external wide area network WAN connection This connection is typically a broadband modem connected to the Internet port of the router Also allows selection of the MAC address 3 LAN Setup Configure the local area network LAN parameters including IP address and DHCP operation 7 6 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7 2 Manager Menu Summary continued Number Title Description 4 Internet Access Setup Set up a basic Internet connection 11 Remote Node Setup Configure additional parameters of the Internet connection
80. hed Drop Action Not Matched Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 10 3 Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule Configuring Filters 10 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Configuring a Filter Rule You can configure two types of filter rules Some of the parameters differ depending on the type of rule When you first enter the filter rule menu Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule is displayed If you want to configure another type of filter rule select the appropriate type by pressing the space bar under the Filter Type field and then pressing Enter to display the menu for the filter rule you want to enter TCP IP Filter Rule This section provides information about how to configure a TCP IP filter rule for your router The fields in the menu are given in Table 10 4 When you have completed Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections You can press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The data you entered on Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule is displayed on Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Table 10 4 lists and describes the TCP IP Filter Rule menu fields 10 6 Configuring Filters Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 10 4 TCP IP Filter Rule Fields Field Descriptions Active Make the filter rule active Yes or inacti
81. how to assign IP addresses for your network For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the router are satisfactory These default settings are e LAN IP address 192 168 0 1 with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e DHCP server enabled with 32 client addresses starting from 192 168 0 1 e DNS Proxy enabled the router address is assigned as a DNS server Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration 7 11 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7 5 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up TCP IP and DHCP parameters in Menu 3 2 When you finish entering information in all of the fields press Enter at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm Your selections are saved Press Esc at any time to cancel the entries you have made Note If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through Telnet you lose the Telnet session You must then open a new Telnet connection to the new IP address and log in again Table 7 5 Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Fields Field Description DHCP If set to Server the router acts as a DHCP server DHCP Configuration Client IP Pool Starting Address Size of Client IP Pool Primary DNS Server Secondary DNS Server TCP IP Setup IP Address IP Subnet Mask If set to None the router s DHCP server is disabled This field is the beginning of the range of addresses to a
82. ing Netscape Navigator 3 0 or above Free browser programs are readily available for Windows Macintosh or UNIX Linux To configure for Internet access using your browser 1 the router and wait for initialization to complete Allow at least one minute and verify that the TEST LED is off 2 Reboot your PC to obtain DHCP configuration from the router 3 Launch your web browser 4 Inthe Address box of your browser type http 192 168 0 1 and press ENTER Initial Configuration of the Router 4 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers A login window opens as shown in Figure 4 1 below qe 192188181 RATH WeHme m m pna we Figure 4 1 Login window 5 admin in the User Name box 1234 in the Password box and then click OK If your router password was previously changed enter the current password 6 Inthe opening screen shown in Figure 4 2 select WIZARD SETUP DE A TOU sre TIE II Marea Eeng mp uii Welizamn Beater Wal Based Cunfigeratar Yos on the Vind Setup pase sr Ipprcs an the Wan ihe frara VAD SETUP ADWAMCE The Wizard Setup wid lead yoo Through your c
83. ing to access your DSL or cable modem In this case the router will perform this function and it will not be necessary to run the dialer on your attached PCs a If your connection supports multiple ISPs enter the Service Name of the one you use Otherwise leave Service Name blank b Enter your account s login name as My Login c Enter your account s password as My Password 4 If you selected Ethernet Encapsulation use the space bar to toggle the Service Type field to either RoadRunner or Standard This field determines whether the RoadRunner login program will be run If your service provider is not RoadRunner or if your RoadRunner region does not require the login program 8 2 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers a Select Standard If your Service Type is RoadRunner and your RoadRunner region requires the login program a Select the RoadRunner login program used in your region b Enter the login name and password provided by RoadRunner If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address enter it as Login Server IP address Otherwise leave this field as 0 0 0 0 5 Usethe space bar to toggle the IP Address Assignment field to Static or Dynamic If your service provider has assigned you an IP address to be manually configured in your PC select Static In this case enter your assigned IP address
84. k LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Network and Routing Basics B 1 Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another a
85. le the selection using the space bar When the desired rate is shown press Enter You have the opportunity to change the baud rate of your terminal before continuing Log and Trace Log and trace tools allow the user to view the error log in order to troubleshoot any errors that may occur The router can also generate system logs syslogs to send to other machines Enter 24 to display Menu 24 System Maintenance Enter 3 to select the Log and Trace option and display Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Table 9 3 lists the fields and commands for Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Table 9 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Fields Command Field Enter 1 View Error Log Enter 2 Syslog and Accounting View Error Log To use the View Error Log 1 Open Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace 2 Select the first option on Menu 24 3 The Error log displays The Error Log is a 64 entry circular buffer Use the space bar to scroll this screen if necessary 3 After each display you are prompted with an option to clear the Error Log Enter the appropriate choice and press Enter 9 4 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Syslog and Accounting Syslog and Accounting can be configured in Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting Menu 24 3 2 configures the router to send UNIX
86. leave Service Name blank e Enter the PPPoE login user name and password provided by your ISP These fields case sensitive e If you wish to change the login timeout enter a new value in seconds Proceed to Step 9 c European versions only If your service provider uses Alcatel s ANT ADSL Network Termination with PPTP as a login method select Encapsulation as PPTP and enter these additional parameters Enter the PPTP login user name and password provided by your ISP These fields are case sensitive e If you wish to change the login timeout enter a new value in seconds 4 4 Initial Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers e If provided by your ISP enter your PPTP IP Address and the Server IP Address of their PPTP Server e f provided by your ISP enter the Connection ID Name for your service Otherwise leave this field blank Proceed to Step 9 d Ifyour service provider is RoadRunner AND you are required to run a RoadRunner login program leave Encapsulation as Ethernet and select Service Type as either RR Manager or RR Toshiba Enter these additional parameters e If your cable modem is Toshiba select RR Toshiba Otherwise select RR Manager Enter the user name and password provided by your ISP These fields are case sensitive e If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address enter it as Login Server address Otherwise lea
87. les RIP Routing Information Protocol RIP allows the router to exchange routing information with other routers If set to None default the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers If set to Both the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table If set to In Only the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN If set to Out Only the router broadcasts its routing table but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives Usually you should leave this parameter at the default None RIP Version This field determines the format and broadcasting method of any RIP Routing Information Protocol transmissions by the router The following RIP options are supported by the Model RT311 router RIP 1 The router sends RIP 1 messages only RIP 2B The router sends RIP 2 messages in broadcast format RIP 2M The router sends RIP 2 messages in multicast format For most applications the recommended version is RIP 1 Multicast Some streaming media applications e g Cisco IP TV RealPlayer now support IP Multicast To enable Multicast routing select either IGMP v1 or IGMP v2 Manager Password Setup For security you should change the Manager password from the default value of 1234 To change the Manager password 1 Select option 23 System Password from the main menu Menu 23 System Pass
88. nd check for changes to add to the routing table The FR314 firewall router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 195 34 12 7 The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application
89. nd skip the rest of this section If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address If any Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses These are your ISP s DNS addresses If any information appears in the Search domains information box write it down Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server Close the TCP IP Control Panel Preparing Your Network 3 9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Ready for Configuration After configuring all of your PCs for TCP IP networking and connecting them to the LOCAL network of your Model RT311 and RT314 routers you are ready to access and configure the router Proceed to the next chapter 3 10 Preparing Your Network Chapter 4 Initial Configuration of the Router This chapter describes how to perform the initial configuration of your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router using the Setup Wizard which walks you through the configuration process Configuring for Internet Access In order to use the browser based Web Configuration Manager your PC must have a web browser program installed such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Because the Configuration Manager uses Java your Web browser must be Java enabled and support HTTP uploads NETGEAR recommends us
90. ndows NT includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP IP components Preparing Your Network 3 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer Although TCP IP is built into the Windows operating system starting with Windows 95 you need to enable and configure it as described in Configuring Windows 95 or later for IP Networking on page 3 2 To configure the Macintosh see Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking on page 3 5 In your IP network all PCs and the router must be assigned IP addresses Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix B Networks Routing and Firewall Basics The Model R
91. nels of the Model RT311 router and Model RT314 router are shown in Figure 2 3 and Figure 2 4 Refer to these diagrams to identify all the ports on the router when you attempt to make any connections E NE Key 1 Ground 2 AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 3 Local Ethernet port for connecting the router to the local LAN 4 Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 RS 232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC Figure 2 3 RT311 Rear Panel ITLERET 1 adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 2 Local Ethernet ports for connecting the router to the local PCs 3 RS 232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC 4 Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 Ground Figure 2 4 RT314 Rear Panel Setting Up the Hardware 2 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting the Router Before using your router you need to do the following e Connect your local Ethernet network to the LOCAL port s of the router described next e Connect your cable or DSL modem to the INTERNET port of the router see page 2 7 e Connect the power adapter see page 2 8 Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network Your local network will attach to the router port or ports marked LOCAL
92. nly packets that match the rule parameters are logged Action Not Matched Only packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged Both All packets are logged Check Next Rule default Forward Drop Action Matched If the conditions for the filter rule are not met you can specify what to do with Action Not the packet Three options are available Matched Check Next Rule default Forward Drop Applying a Filter Set After configuring a filter set in Menu 21 you must specify how the filter will be used Filters are applied at the LAN interface in Menu 3 1 or at the WAN interface in Menu 4 1 You must specify whether the filter is applied to incoming or outgoing packets and whether filter sets are used alone or combined You can apply up to four filter sets to the same port by entering the numbers of the desired filter sets separated by commas with no spaces In the following example the user specifies that filter sets 1 3 and 10 are to be applied to packets entering the router from the LAN Incoming Filter Sets 1 3 10 In cascading filter sets you may need to modify all but the last set in order to have each set continue to the next set rather than terminate In the example above you may need to modify Sets 1 and 3 so that they continue to Set 10 On the last rule of a standalone filter set you normally set Action if Matched and Action if Not Matched to either forward or
93. nsmitted over public networks IPSec is a VPN method providing a higher level of security than PPTP See Internet Packet Exchange Internet service provider Novell s internetworking protocol The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP Glossary Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers LAN local area network MAC address MSB MRU Maximum Receive Unit Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte NAT netmask Network Address Translation PPP PPP over Ethernet PPTP PSTN packet Point to Point Protocol See local area network A communications network serving users within a limited geographical area such as one floor of a building controlled by a network operating system and using a transport protocol Media Access Control address A unique 48 bit hardware address assigned to every Ethernet node Usually written in the form 01 23 45 67 89 ab See Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte See Maximum Receive Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received The portion of a number address or field that is farthest left when written as a single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation The part of the number having the most value See Network Address Translation A number that explains which part of an IP address compri
94. nts e Easy installation and management Configure from a web browser Built in Manager interface for configuration of advanced features accessible by serial terminal or Telnet Protocol e Security Network Address Translation NAT hides local PCs from the Internet Powerful packet filtering capabilities Incoming port forwarding for specific services 1 2 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade Five year warranty Free technical support seven days a week twenty four hours a day Autosensing 10 100 Ethernet The Model RT311 and RT314 routers connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network The local LAN interface is autosensing and is capable of full duplex operation The Model RT311 and RT314 routers support the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP and Routing Information Protocol RIP For further information about TCP IP refer to Appendix B Network and Routing Basics IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT The Model RT311 and RT314 routers allow several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider ISP This technique an extension of Network Address Translation NAT is
95. on main menu 4 2 Browser based Setup Wizard first screen 4 3 Browser based Setup Wizard second screen 4 4 Browser based Setup Wizard third screen 4 5 LAN GGWD MEMI mE s Pori Forwarding Static Route Summary Table Static Route Entry and Edit Menu Statie Roule Example Start up Display Manager Main 1 Menu 2 Setup E Menu ERE Ec Menu 23 System PassWord susc Menu 4 Internet Access Setup sse OOD Static Routing Table Example 8 6 Menu 12 1 Edit IP Statie Roule d Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu 24 System Maintenance idus Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status 9 2 Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Figure B 1 Figure B 2 Figure B 3 Three Main Address Classes Example of Subnetting a Class B Address
96. org See Routing Information Protocol A device that forwards data between networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations See netmask Unshielded twisted pair The cable used by 1 and 100BASE Tx Ethernet networks Virtual Private Network A method for securely transporting data between two private networks by using a public network such as the Internet as a connection See wide area network A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks WINS Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Windows based computer names to IP addresses If a remote network contains a WINS server your Windows PCs can gather information from that WINS server about its local hosts This allows your PCs to browse that remote network using Network Neighborhood See Windows Internet Naming Service Glossary Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4 Glossary Action Matched Not Matched field Generic Filter Rule menu 10 10 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 8 Active field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 9 8 7 Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 Syslog and Accounting menu 9 5 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 7 Address Resolution Protocol B 9 Alca
97. orgua irs sims by miep uteri cick ar deme iha Mais pared Far ayatam canf guralia n satire O eai marty Figure 4 2 Browser based configuration main menu 4 2 Initial Configuration of the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 7 Inthe first Wizard screen enter your account s Host Name and Domain Name as shown in Figure 4 3 below Figure 4 3 Browser based Setup Wizard first screen These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP s services such as mail or news servers If you leave the Domain Name field blank the router will attempt to learn the domain automatically from the ISP If this is not successful you will need to enter it manually Initial Configuration of the Router 4 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 8 Click on Next to go to the ISP Parameters screen shown in Figure 4 4 below Figure 4 4 Browser based Setup Wizard second screen This screen determines whether a login program will be run a If your service provider does not require a login program leave Encapsulation as Ethernet and proceed to Step 9 b If your service provider uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE select Encapsulation as PPPoE and enter these additional parameters e If your connection supports multiple ISPs enter the Service Name of the one you use Otherwise
98. otocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks If you need the adapter a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and then click Add c Select Microsoft Preparing Your Network 3 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers d Select TCP IP and then click OK If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a Click the Add button b Select Client and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Configuring TCP IP Properties After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from the internal DHCP server of the Model RT311 and RT314 routers Note If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of a broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration in
99. ou configure the Internet access information and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network To view the routes in the routing table 1 In the Manager interface open Menu 24 System Maintenance 2 8 and press Enter to change to the Command Interpreter Mode 3 Atthe command prompt type ip route stat Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access 8 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4 Press Enter The command interpreter displays the static IP routing table as shown in the example in Figure 8 3 ras ip rout stat Dest FF Len Interface Gateway Metric stat Timer Use 192 168 0 0 00 24 0 192 168 0 1 1 041b 0 0 default 00 0 enifl 10 118 18 1 1 001b 0 0 ras P Figure 8 3 IP Static Routing Table Example In this example the first route shown is the local Ethernet subnet connected to the LOCAL interface enif0 The second route is the default route through the INTERNET interface enif1 traffic from the LAN to a destination outside the LAN will be sent to the default route and will be handled by the ISP 5 After viewing the table type exit to return to the menus To create additional static routes for IP 1 In the Manager interface open Menu 12 IP
100. outing Setup 5 SUA Server Setup 99 Exit X Figure 7 2 Manager Main Menu After you have accessed the Manager the router automatically logs you out and displays a blank screen if there is no activity for longer than 5 minutes If you see a blank screen while connected by serial port press Enter to display the password screen again If you are logged out of a Telnet session you must open a new Telnet session Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration 7 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Navigating the Manager The Manager is the interface that you use to configure your router Table 7 1 lists and describes the commands that enable you to navigate through the Manager menus Table 7 1 Action Manager Menu Commands Description Move forward to another menu Enter the number of the submenu and press Enter Move back to a previous menu Press Esc The only exception is the Main Menu where typing 99 is the only method to exit from the Manager Move the cursor Press Enter You can also use the Up and Down keys to move to the previous and next fields respectively Enter information There are two types of fields for entering selected parameters The first requires you to enter the appropriate information The second gives you options to choose from When choosing options press the space bar to toggle through t
101. power is first applied verify that the PWR LED is on 2 Verify that the TEST LED begins to blink within a few seconds 3 After approximately 30 seconds verify that a The TEST LED is not lit b The LOCAL LNK ACT LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected c The INTERNET LNK ACT LED is lit If a LNK ACT LED is lit a link has been established to the connected device 4 IfaLOCAL port is connected to a 100 Mbps device verify that the 100 LED is lit You are now ready to begin configuration of your network as described in the following chapter 2 8 Setting Up the Hardware Chapter 3 Preparing Your Network This chapter describes how to prepare your PC network to connect to the Internet through the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router and how to order broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Preparing Your Personal Computers for IP Networking The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers use the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP In order to access the Internet through the router each PC on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as the networking protocol Note In this chapter we use the term to refer to personal computers in general and not necessarily Windows computers Most operating systems include the software components you need to install and use TCP IP on your PC e Windows 95 or later including Wi
102. racters Spaces are not allowed but dashes and underscores _ are acceptable 3 Optional In the Domain Name field enter the domain name of your Internet service The Domain Name may be helpful in accessing some of the services of your ISP such as email news servers and customer support If your account s full server names look like this mail xxx yyy com your domain name is xxx yyy com 4 Optional Configure for Dynamic DNS If you wish to use Dynamic DNS refer to Dynamic DNS on page 8 10 7 8 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers WAN Setup Menu 2 enables you to configure the 10 Mbps Ethernet port to a broadband modem device such as a cable or DSL modem This port is labeled INTERNET on the rear panel of the router Figure 7 4 shows Menu 2 WAN Setup K Menu 2 WAN Setup UN MAC Address Assigned By Factory default IP Address N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to cancel 4 Figure 7 4 Menu 2 WAN Setup Table 7 3 lists and describes the fields for Menu 2 WAN Setup Table 7 3 WAN Setup Fields Field Description MAC Address The MAC Address is the 48 bit Ethernet address of the router s INTERNET port Assigned By Set to Factory default to use the router s internal globally unique MAC address Set to IP address attached on LAN to acquire and substitute the MAC addre
103. re network to a single user broadband line such as a cable modem or DSL modem With minimum setup you can install and use the router within minutes to meet the networking requirements of your LAN Introduction 1 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide the following features e Ethernet LAN connection at 10 megabits per second Mbps or 100 Mbps Internal four port 10 100 switch Model RT314 router Single 10 100 port Model RT311 router Autosensing for Ethernet 10 5 or Fast Ethernet LOOBASE Tx transmissions Half duplex or full duplex operation e Ethernet connection to a wide area network WAN device such as a cable modem or DSL modem RJ 45 interface allowing connection to a IOBASE T device e Protocol Support routing Dynamic extended Network Address Translation NAT with port forwarding for operation with a single static or dynamic IP address Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server for dynamically assigning network configuration information to PCs on the LAN DHCP client for dynamically obtaining configuration information from the Internet Service Provider ISP DNS Proxy for simplified configuration PPP over Ethernet PPPoE support Login capability Automatically executes user login for RoadRunner cable modem service or PPP over Ethernet accou
104. re with each filter set having up to six rules you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single filtering application Configuring a Filter Set To configure a filter set 1 Select option 21 from the Main Menu The Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration Figure 10 1 opens a Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration UN Filter Filter Set 4 Comments Set Comments i NetBIOS WAN 7 2 NetBIOS LAN 8 3 TEL FTP WEB WAN 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 Enter Filter Set Number to Configure 0 Edit Comments Nc Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel E Figure 10 1 Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration From this menu you can choose from 12 filter sets 2 Select the filter that you want to configure or choose an unused set to create a new filter In order to distinguish between the 12 filter sets each filter set should have a name or description When you select a set for editing you are prompted to provide descriptive text to be displayed in the comment field of Menu 21 next to the filter number 10 2 Configuring Filters Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 3 When you have finished filling in the Edit Comments field press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections or press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The new information is displayed in the read only section of Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration 4 Press Enter to display Menu 21 1
105. ree bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below Class B Network Subnet Node 7262 Figure B 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network numb
106. results in an update time of 5 to 10 minutes To update the software 1 Establish a serial connection with the router For more information see Connecting Through a Serial Port on page 7 2 2 Select Menu 24 System Maintenance 3 Enter 7 to select Software Update A message is displayed asking if you want to continue 4 Press y and wait for the Debug Mode command prompt 5 Enter the command atur and wait After about 30 seconds the router displays the Starting XMODEM upload message 6 Transfer the new software file to the router using the XMODEM Protocol of your serial communications software 7 Enter the command atgo to restart the router when the router displays the OK message Updating Router Software Using FTP You can update the router software over the LAN using an FIP client program Windows includes an FIP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu Other FTP client programs are available through many software retailers and shareware sites To update the router software 1 Rename the new software file to ras 2 Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router No login name is necessary The password is the current Manager password The factory default password is 1234 3 Select binary not ascii transfer mode 4 Use your FTP program to put the file named ras in the router After the data transfer is finished the router programs the upgraded firmware into
107. rrect IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information the table Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The PC sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses Network and Routing Basics B 9 Heference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each PC must be configured with an IP address If the PCs need to access the Internet they should
108. s originating from the local network Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN e Packet Filtering The Model RT311 and RT314 routers provide extensive packet filtering capabilities Packets are allowed or discarded based on their source or destination addresses service port numbers or raw data patterns within the packet e Port Address Translation The Model RT311 and RT314 routers perform port address translation Requests originating from outside the local network are allowed to reach particular local workstations based on the type of service requested Easy Installation and Management You can install configure and operate the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router within minutes after connecting it to the network The following features simplify installation and management tasks e Browser based management Browser based configuration allows you to easily configure your router from almost any type of personal computer such as Windows Macintosh or Linux user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface e Manager Interface The Manager interface manages and configures the router through an easily understood screen process You can access this interface through the MANAGER port on the rear panel of the router or from across the network using
109. s are logged Both All packets are logged Check Next Rule default Forward Drop Action Matched If the conditions for the filter rule are not met you can specify what to do with the Action Not packet There are three options for this field Matched Check Next Rule default Forward Drop 10 8 Configuring Filters Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Generic Filter Rule This section provides information about configuring the protocol independent parameters for a generic filter rule for your router Table 10 5 lists the fields in the menu When you complete Menu 21 1 1 Generic Filter Rule press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections Press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The data entered is displayed on Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Table 10 5 Generic Filter Rule Fields Field Description Active Make the filter rule active Yes or inactive No Offset Offset refers to the value of the byte that you want to use as your starting offset That is in the data packet at what point do you want to begin the comparison The range for this field is from 0 to 255 Default 0 Length The length in bytes of the data in the packet that the router should use for comparison and masking The starting point of this data is determined by Offset The range for this field is 0 to 8 Default
110. s xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your router automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the router These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information Windows As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the Model RT311 and RT314 routers Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access 1 Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Selectthe IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP a
111. scribes how to configure the advanced features of your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router These features can be found by clicking on the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface System Settings The first feature category under the Advanced heading is System settings These are general purpose settings System Tab The System Tab contains fields for setting the System Host Name and Domain Name These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP s services such as mail or news servers System Name This is the host or account name given by your ISP for naming your PC It is often the primary email name of your account This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long Spaces are not allowed but dashes and underscores are accepted Domain Name This is the extended domain suffix that follows your ISP server names For example if your ISP s mail server is mail sfbay myISP com then your Domain Name is sfbay myISP com Advanced Configuration of the Router 5 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Dynamic DNS Your router supports Dynamic Domain Name Service DDNS In a Dynamic DNS service an IP registry server provides a public central database where dynamically assigned IP addresses can be stored and retrieved by hostname lookup The Dynamic DNS server also stores password protected e mail addresses along with IP addresses and hostnames an
112. ses the network address and which part is the host address on that network It can be expressed in dotted decimal notation or as a number appended to the IP address For example a 28 bit mask starting from the MSB can be shown as 255 255 255 192 or as 28 appended to the IP address A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet See Point to Point Protocol PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A method for establishing a virtual private network VPN by embedding Microsoft s network protocol into Internet packets Public Switched Telephone Network A block of information sent over a network A packet typically contains a source and destination network address some protocol and length information a block of data and a checksum PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet Glossary Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers RFC RIP router Routing Information Protocol subnet mask UTP VPN WAN wide area network Windows Internet Naming Service WINS Request For Comment Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet RFCs can be found at www ietf
113. ss of one of your PCs on the local network Some ISPs will only accept traffic from the MAC address of one PC This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC by using its MAC address IP Address If you selected IP address attached on LAN in the previous field you must specify the IP address of the local PC with the MAC address to be used by the router Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration 7 9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers LAN Setup Menu 3 enables you to configure the Ethernet LAN parameters including filters DHCP and IP address information These parameters specify the behavior of the router s local port 1 From the Main Menu enter 3 to display Menu 3 LAN Setup Figure 7 5 FK Menu 3 LAN Setup UN 1 LAN Port Filter Setup 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Enter Menu Selection Number 4 Figure 7 5 Menu 3 LAN Setup 2 Select one of the following submenus e Menu3 1 LAN Port Filter Setup e Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Refer to the following sections for descriptions of these submenus Refer to Table 7 1 on page 7 6 for information about navigating through the menus LAN Port Filter Setup Menu The LAN Port Filter Setup Menu allows you to apply filter sets to control your Ethernet traffic Filters are used to block certain packets to reduce traffic and to prevent security breaches You must first create thes
114. ssign This field is the number of sequential addresses available for assignment to attached hosts The maximum is 32 If you want the router to provide the Primary DNS Server address to attached hosts enter the DNS address in this field If this field is 0 0 0 0 the router assigns its own address as DNS Server and performs a DNS Proxy if it can obtain DNS address from the ISP If you want the router to assign the Secondary DNS Server address to attached hosts enter the address in this field Enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the router in dotted decimal notation four 8 bit numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods for example 192 168 0 1 Every device on the TCP IP network must have a unique IP address An IP address consists of two parts the network ID and the host ID The IP Subnet Mask specifies the network ID portion of the address written in dotted decimal notation The router automatically calculates this mask for the class of the IP address that you assign Unless you have a special need for subnetting use the default subnet mask calculated by the router All hosts on the LAN segment should use the same mask Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7 5 Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Fields continued Field Description RIP Direction This parameter determines how the router hand
115. subnet mask and gateway address the address of the ISP s router If you do not know the gateway address leave this field as 0 0 0 0 6 Usethe space bar to toggle the Single User Account field to Yes 7 Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections You can press Esc at any time to cancel your selections When you save this menu the router automatically creates a default static route to the ISP Configuration for Local Servers Although NAT causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet you can make local servers for different services for example FIP or HTTP visible and available to the Internet Requested services are identified by port numbers in an incoming IP packet For example a packet that is sent to the external IP address of your router and destined for port number 80 is an HTTP Web server request and port 21 is an FTP request Examples of port numbers are shown at the bottom of Menu 15 although you are not limited to these choices See IETF RFC1700 Assigned Numbers for port numbers for common protocols Note Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes such as a Web or FIP server from your location Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location If you are unsure refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP
116. system logs to another machine You must configure the parameters to activate syslog Table 9 4 Table 9 4 System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting Fields Field Command Description Active Press the space bar to toggle between The syslog option is turned on or off yes and no Syslog IP Address Enter the address in dotted decimal notation such as a b c d where a b c and d are numbers between 0 and 255 This field is the IP address location to send your syslog Log Facility Press the space bar to toggle between Seven different local options can be on and off selected The log facility allows the message to be logged to different files in the server Refer to your UNIX manual for more detail Types Enable logging for CDR For each type press the space bar to Call detail record CDR Packet triggered toggle between yes and no Packet trigger Filter log Filter event match or not match PPP log PPP event To configure the router for logging with the syslogd program on a local host 1 to Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance UNIX Syslog and Accounting 2 Set Active to Yes 3 Inthe Syslog IP Address field enter the IP address of the syslogd host PC 4 Select a number for Log Facility You can choose any facility number but the syslogd program must be set to the same number 5 Select the type of activity that you would like to log You can enable the router to send the following t
117. tact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the router for repair Setting Up the Hardware 2 1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Local Network Hardware Requirements The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router is intended for use in a network of personal computers PCs that are interconnected by twisted pair Ethernet cables PC Requirements To install and run the Model RT311 and RT314 routers over your network of PCs each PC must have the following e An installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC Aconnection to the network via hub or switch If all PCs on the network will not run at the same speed 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps you need to use a dual speed hub or switch The Model RT314 router provides a 4 port switch capable of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps operation Links operating at 100 Mbps must be connected with Category 5 cable Access Device Requirement The shared broadband access device cable modem or DSL modem must provide a standard 1OBASE T Ethernet interface 2 2 Setting Up the Hardware Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers The Router s Front Panel The front panels of the Model RT311 router Figure 2 1 and Model RT314 router Figure 2 2 contain status LEDs NETGEAR ateugv Router Key 1 PWR Power LED 2 TEST LED 3
118. te This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest Caution This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent equipment failure or loss of data equipment damage Danger This format is used to alert you that there is the potential for incurring an Warning This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury N electrical shock if you mishandle the equipment About This Guide xvii Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers and discusses planning considerations for installation About the Router The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router connects your local area network LAN to the Internet through an external single user access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem When personal computers PCs on the LAN need to communicate with locations on the Internet the PCs send requests to the router The router translates those requests so that the requests appear to originate from a single PC rather than from a network of PCs The router delivers the requests to the external access device for transmission to the Internet Key Features The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers are flexible high performance easy to use routers These routers provide a cost effective solution for connecting your enti
119. tel ANT 4 4 2 7 cables pinout B 10 Cabling B 10 Cat5 cable 2 2 2 6 B 11 command interpreter mode 9 11 configuration automatic by DHCP 1 3 backup 9 8 router initial 4 1 connecting cables 2 7 power 7 4 serial port 7 2 through Telnet session 7 2 Connection ID Name 4 5 conventions typography xvii crossover cable 2 7 11 2 B 11 customer support iii Index Index D default router address 7 2 Destination field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 10 7 Destination IP Address field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 9 8 7 DHCP 1 3 5 3 B 10 DHCP Client ID 3 6 DHCP Setup field Ethernet Setup menu 5 4 6 2 7 12 DNS Proxy 1 3 5 4 7 12 DNS server 3 9 4 6 B 9 DNS dynamic 5 2 Domain 4 3 domain 3 9 Domain Name 4 3 domain name server DNS See DNS server Dynamic DNS 5 2 8 10 dynamic NAT See Network Address Translation E Edit IP Static Route menu 8 7 Encapsulation 8 2 EPROM for firmware upgrade 1 3 1 5 erase configuration 6 5 error log 9 4 Ethernet cable B 10 Ethernet field System Maintenance menu 9 3 F factory settings restoring 6 5 features 1 1 Filter Rules Summary menu 10 3 10 9 filter type Generic IP 10 4 filters configuring 10 1 front panel 2 3 9 9 11 9 FTP updating the router software 9 10 G gateway address 3 8 3 9 Gateway IP Address field Edit IP Static Route menu 5 9 8 7 General Setup menu 7 8 Generic Filter Rule menu 10 9 H
120. tf org Network and Routing Basics B 7 Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Firewall Router Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The FR314 firewall router employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 3 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 ua d eue dt Se 192 168 0 4 192 168 0 5 TI86EA Figure B 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT B 8 Network and Routing Basics Reference Guide for the Model FR314 Cable DSL Fire
121. thernet connection from the PC to the router and reboot your PC e sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded Make sure you are using the correct login information The factory default login name is admin and the password is 1234 Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information e Try quitting the browser and launching it again If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following When entering configuration settings be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your router is unable to access the Internet you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP Unless you have been assigned a static IP address your router must request an IP address from the ISP You can determine whether the request was successful using either the browser interface or the Manager interface To check the WAN IP address from the browser interface 1 Launch your browser and select an external site such as www netgear com 2 Access the Main Menu of the router s configuration at http 192 1
122. tions Used if Filter Type Is GEN 10 4 TGPAP Piller Rule PIGS opcs pe impo n e pra d aas MR Generic Filter Rule Fields E Netmask Notation Translation Table for rine Octet TETTE DO UTP Ethemet cable wiring straight through B 10 xiii Xiv About This Guide Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide connection for multiple personal computers PCs to the Internet through an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem that is normally intended for use by a single PC and Routing Basics to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this Note If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing refer to Appendix B Network gt manual Technical Support For help with any technical issues contact Customer Support at 1 888 NETGEAR or visit us on the Web at www NETGEAR com The NETGEAR Web site includes an extensive knowledge base answers to frequently asked questions and a means for submitting technical questions online Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF
123. to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable may be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable Ifyou are connecting a Model RT311 router directly to a workstation or to the uplink MDI port of a hub use the red crossover cable Ifyou are connecting a Model RT311 router to a normal MDI X hub port use the white straight through cable Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local network check the following 11 2 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers e Check the Ethernet connection between your PC and the router as described in the previous section e sure your PC s IP address is the same subnet as the router If you are using the recommended addressing scheme your PC s address should be in the range of 192 168 0 2 to 192 168 0 32 Refer to Verifying TCP IP Properties Windows on page 3 4 or Verifying TCP IP Properties Macintosh page 3 6 to find your PC s IP address Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 to configure your PC Note Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the E
124. to filter The range of this field is 0 to 65535 Port Comp Select the comparison quantifier you want to use to compare to the value given in Source Port There are five options for this field None Default Less Greater Equal Not Equal Configuring Filters 10 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 10 4 TCP IP Filter Rule Fields continued Field Descriptions TCP Estab This field is dependent upon the IP Protocol field This field is inactive N A unless the value in that field is 6 TCP protocol Determine what type of TCP packets to filter from the following two options Yes Filter match only established TCP connections No Filter match both initial and established TCP connections Default More Determine if you want to pass the packet through the next filter rule before an action is taken Two options are available for this field Yes No default If More is Yes then Action Matched and Action Not Matched is N A Log Determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule These results are displayed on the System Log see View Error Log on page 9 4 Seven options are available for this field None No packets are logged default Action Matched Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged Action Not Matched Only packets that do not match the rule parameter
125. to forward packets to the destination On the LAN the gateway must be a router on the same segment as the router Over the WAN the gateway will be the IP address of the router at your ISP Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access 8 7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 8 2 Edit IP Static Route Fields continued Field Description Metric Enter the cost of transmission for routing purposes IP routing uses hop counts as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link The number does not have to be precise but it must be between 1 and 16 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number Private Use this field to determine whether the router includes the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in any RIP broadcast If set to No the route to this remote node is propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts 4 Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to save your selections or press Esc at any time to cancel your selections Static Route Example As an example of when a static route is needed consider the following case e Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to ISP e You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company
126. uf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers have been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resour
127. ulticast routing select either IGMP v1 or IGMP v2 Note If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the browser or Telnet you will be disconnected You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again Advanced Configuration of the Router 5 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers Although the router causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet you can make local servers for different services for example FTP or HTTP visible and available to the Internet This is done using the PORTS menu From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on PORTS to view the port forwarding screen shown in Figure 5 2 li m nd Ld E Figure 5 2 Port Forwarding Menu Requested services are identified by port numbers in an incoming IP packet For example a packet that is sent to the external IP address of your router and destined for port number 80 is an HTTP Web server request and port 21 is an FTP request Examples of port numbers are shown at the top of the PORTS menu although you are not limited to these choices See IETF RFC1700 Assigned Numbers for port numbers for common protocols Note Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes such as a Web or FI
128. uration 7 3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Using the Manager Interface Turning on Power to the Router When power is first applied to the router several internal tests are performed by the router Your Internet line is initialized at this time During the initialization the start up display is transmitted over the serial Manager port as illustrated in Figure 7 1 Note that this display is only visible from a serial connection as the router will not accept a Telnet connection until initialization is complete m Version V1 12 1 27 2000 18 31 01 i RAM Size 4096 Kbytes DRAM POST Testing 4096K OK FLASH intel 8M RAS Version V3 20 M 00 5 26 2000 19 43 28 Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds Figure 7 1 Start up Display 7 4 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers To log in to the Manager interface 1 Press Enter when prompted A login screen is displayed and prompts you to enter a password 2 Enter the default password 1234 to reach the Main Menu Figure 7 2 of the Manager 2 RT311 Main Menu TR Getting Started Advanced Management General Setup 21 Filter Set Configuration 2 WAN Setup 3 LAN Setup 23 System Password 4 Internet Access Setup 24 System Maintenance Advanced Applications 1 Remote Node Setup 2 Static R
129. urrently programmed subnet of the router e Add a route to the static routing table of the workstation to indicate that the router can be reached through the local LAN port To access the router by Telnet from a Windows PC 1 From the Windows toolbar select Start 2 Select Run 3 In the Open field type telnet 192 168 0 1 7 2 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4 Click on OK The router should respond with a Password prompt Type the current password to access the Manager interface The default password is 1234 When using Telnet consider the following restrictions e Single administrator To prevent confusion and discrepancy on the configuration the router allows only one terminal connection at any time The router also gives priority to the RS 232 connection over Telnet If you have already connected to the router through Telnet you are logged out if another user then connects through the RS 232 cable You can use a Telnet connection only after the other administrator has disconnected e System timeout When you are connected to the router through Telnet there is a system timeout of 5 minutes 300 seconds If you are not configuring the device and leave it inactive for this timeout period the router automatically disconnects from the Telnet session Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Config
130. using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends The IP Address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 31 The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Router address is 192 168 0 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server 3 6 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Your Internet Account For access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet access account using an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a PC For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information for one PC With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your router takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the router s INTERNET port is connected to the broadband modem the rout
131. ve No IP Protocol Protocol refers to the IP specific number of the protocol The range for the value entered in this field should be between 0 and 255 for example 6 refers to the TCP protocol IP Source Route Yes or No in this field determines whether to check the source route Destination IP Addr Enter the destination IP address of the packet you want to filter The address is usually written in dotted decimal notation such as a b c d where a b c and d are numbers between 0 and 255 IP Mask Enter the IP subnet mask that will be used to mask the bits of the IP address given in Destination IP Addr Refer to Chapter 1 Introduction for more information Port Enter the destination port of the packets that you want to filter The range of this field is 0 to 65535 Port Comp Select the comparison quantifier you want to enable to compare to the value given in Destination Port 4 There are five options for this field None default Less Greater Equal Not Equal Source IP Addr Enter the source IP address of the packet you want to filter The IP address is usually written in dotted decimal notation such as a b c d where a b c and d are numbers between 0 and 255 IP Mask Enter the IP subnet mask that is used to mask the bits of the IP address given in Source IP Addr See Netmask on page B 4 for information about IP subnet masks Port Enter the source port of the packets that you want
132. ve this field as 0 0 0 0 Not all RoadRunner regions require a login program If your region does not require a login leave Service Type as Standard 9 Click on Next to go to the final Wizard screen shown in Figure 4 5 below Figure 4 5 Browser based Setup Wizard third screen This screen provides setup for the following parameters Initial Configuration of the Router 4 5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 10 11 WAN IP Address Assignment Unless your ISP has assigned a fixed permanent IP address for your use select Get automatically from ISP Otherwise enter your IP Address Subnet Mask and the IP Address of your ISP s gateway router DNS Server Address Assignment If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use this server and enter the IP address of the ISP s DNS server A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or two DNS servers to your router during login If the ISP does not transfer an address you must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here If you enter an address here you should reboot your PCs after configuring the router WAN MAC address If your ISP allows access by only one specific PC s Ethernet MAC address select Spoof this PC s MAC address
133. wall Router This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one PC for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address 15 known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request other stations discard the request The station with the co
134. where you are employed This router s address on your LAN is 192 168 0 10 e Your company s network is 134 177 0 0 When you first configured your Model Model RT311 and RT314 routers two implicit static routes were created A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192 168 x x addresses With this configuration if you attempt to access a device on the 134 177 0 0 network your router will forward your request to the ISP The ISP forwards your request to the company where you are employed and the request will likely be denied by the company s firewall In this case you must define a static route telling your router that 134 177 0 0 should be accessed through the ISDN router at 192 168 0 10 The static route would look like Figure 8 5 8 8 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route 3 Route 4 1 Route Name company Active Yes Destination IP Address 134 177 0 0 IP Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 Gateway IP Address 192 168 0 10 Metric 2 Private Yes NC Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel J Figure 8 5 Static Route Example In this example e The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134 177 x x addresses e Gateway
135. word opens Figure 7 6 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration 7 13 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 23 System Password 7 Old Password New Password Retype to confirm Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Figure 7 6 Menu 23 System Password 2 Enter your previous system password and press Enter 3 Enter your new system password and press Enter 4 Enter your new system password again for confirmation and press Enter You must enter this new password when you want to access the Manager through the serial port or by a Telnet connection If you lose or forget the Manager password you must clear the configuration of the router as described in Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Clearing the configuration causes the Manager password to revert to the default 1234 7 14 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Chapter 8 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access This chapter describes how to configure your Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers for Internet access using the internal Manager interface For information about using the Manager interface refer to Chapter 7 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Internet Access Configuration You can configure the router for basic access to your Internet service provider
136. ypes of syslog messages Call detail record CDR e Packet trigger Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers e Filter event log event log 6 Save this menu To configure the syslogd program on the local host PC 1 Edit the etc syslog conf file to add the line localn name_of_log file for example local6 var log rt311 log 2 In the syslogd startup script add the r option to enable logging from a remote host Diagnostic Menu The diagnostic menu allows you to Ping another location from your router Release or renew DHCP parameters received from the ISP e Test the login to the ISP for PPPoE only Reboot the router From the Main Menu enter 24 to display Menu 24 System Maintenance Enter 4 to display Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic shown in Figure 9 3 9 6 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers a Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic TCP IP i Ping Host 2 WAN DHCP Release 35 4 WAN DHCP Renewal Internet Setup Test System Enter Menu Selection Number Reboot System UN A Figure 9 3 Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic From the Main Menu enter 24 to display Menu 24 System Maintenance Enter 4 to display Menu

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