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KTI Networks KGS-2404 User's Manual

1. No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit Fig 4 25 Rate Limit Configuration 78 4 2 14 Storm Control Function name Storm Control Function description Storm Control is used to block unnecessary multicast and broadcast frames that reduce switch s performance When the function is enabled and Storm Control rate settings are detected as exceeded the unnecessary frames would be dropped TT System Information 7 E Ports Storm Control Configuration VLANs VLAN Mode Storm Control VLAN Group Number of frames per second ICMP Rate No Limit Learn Frames Rate eak No Limit v Multicast Rate No Limit Flooded unicast Rate No Limit v Rate Limit Apply Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Factory Default MS Fig 4 26 Storm Control Configuration Parameter description ICMP Rate To enable the ICMP Storm capability User can use drop down menu to select number of frames Default is No Limit The setting range is 1k 1024k per second Learn Frames Rate To enable the Learn Frames Storm capability User can use drop down menu to select number of frames Default is No Limit The setting range is 1k 1024k per second Broadcast Rate To enable the Broadcast Storm capability User can use drop down menu to select number of frames Default is No Limit The setting rang
2. Logical Link Control LLC Data link layer is composed of both the sub layers of MAC and MAC client Here MAC client may be logical link control or bridge relay entity Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethernet MAC and upper layers in the protocol stack usually Network layer which is nothing to do with the nature of the LAN So it can operate over other different LAN technology such as Token Ring FDDI and so on Likewise for the interface to the MAC layer LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself DSAP SS AP address address Control Information DSAP address Destination service access point address field SSAP address Source service access point address field Control Control field 16 bits for formats that include sequence numbering and bits for formats that do not see 5 2 Infrmation field Information a Multiplication An integer value equal to or greater than 0 Upper bound of Mis a function of the medium access control methodology used Ml Table 3 1 LLC Format The table 3 1 is the format of LLC PDU It comprises four fields DSAP SSAP Control and Information The DSAP address field identifies the one or more service access points in which the l G bit indicates it is individual or group address If all bit of DSAP is 1s it s a global address The SSAP address field identifies the spec
3. 8 9 Bridge Relay PAE Server i i I 1 l i l 1 i i i l i 7 3 3 Fig 4 13 In the Fig 4 14 this is the typical configuration a single supplicant an authenticator and an authentication server B and C is in the internal network D is Authentication server running RADIUS switch at the central location acts Authenticator connecting to PC A and A is a PC outside the controlled port running Supplicant PAE In this case PC A wants to access the services on device B and C first it must exchange the authentication message with the authenticator on the port it connected via EAPOL packet The authenticator transfers the supplicant s credentials to Authentication server for verification If success the authentication server will notice the authenticator the grant PC A then is allowed to access B and C via the switch If there are two switches directly connected together instead of single one for the link connecting two switches it may have to act two port roles at the end of the link authenticator and supplicant because the traffic is bi directional Ssupplicant A Fig 4 14 The Fig 4 15 shows the procedure of 802 1x authentication There are steps 65 for the login based on 802 1x port access control management The protocol used in the right side is EAPOL and the left side is EAP 1 At the initial stage the supplicant A is unauthenticated and a port on switch acting as an authenticator is in unau
4. The DA field is used to identify which network device s should receive the packet lt is a unique address Please see the section of MAC addressing Source addresses SA The SA field indicates the source node The SA is always an individual address and the left most bit in the SA field is always O Length Type This field indicates either the number of the data bytes contained in the data field of the frame or the Ethernet type of data If the value of first two bytes is less than or equal to 1500 in decimal the number of bytes in the data field is equal to the Length Type value i e this field acts as Length indicator at this moment When this field acts as Length the frame has optional fields for 802 3 802 2 SNAP encapsulation 802 3 802 2 encapsulation and Netware 802 3 RAW encapsulation Each of them has different fields following the Length field If the Length Type value is greater than 1500 it means the Length Type acts as Type Different type value means the frames with different protocols running over Ethernet being sent or received For example P i 1 E l TI a i Vi i Cx xI xe ee xt ge 18 yl Ge x 0x0800 IP datagram 0x0806 ARP 0x0835 RARP 0x8137 IPX datagram 0x86DD IPv6 Data Less than or equal to 1500 bytes and greater or equal to 46 bytes If data is less than 46 bytes the MAC will automatically extend the padding bits and have the payload be equal to 46 bytes The length of data field m
5. KGS 2404 Web Smart 24 Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User s Manual DOC 080711 Web Smart 24 Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User s Manual Release 1 02 Table of Contents e sections E a ssn issecpate seteen cece IV Electronic EMISSION NOUCES iia ii O A A td IV Vgc 10 s oo A 2 1 1 Overview of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch ccccoocccccccnccncononcnnnnnnnnnconannnonanonnononcnnnnnos 2 O ahee che a hae ouiciad ou des alerted sed anata A a 3 3 FC AUTOS is le ceseas toate a a 3 1 4 View of 24 Port GbE Web Smart SwWitCh occoooccncccoccnnccnoconcononcnnnnncnnonnnnnnnonancnnonancnnonnos 5 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs o 5 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel ooonccccconccccccoconocnonococoncnnnnnanonconannnnononnnnnnanoss 6 1 5 View of the Optional Modules lt a o o oo a aR aa aa T Ze MENSA AU OD acre iS E Nee otads hee ee mncrs eta eaters 8 2 1 Starting 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch Up occcococcncccocccncccocononononncnnacononnanoncononcnnonos 8 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation ooooncccoconcnncoonncnconoconononcnnoonaronconancnnonanons 8 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements A ta 9 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch 14 2 l E APAdaress ASSIM as dd 16 2 2 Typical AD DINGAUION Si dd to 21 3 Basic Concept and ManageMent occcccoccnnccnoccnccnncnnconononnnnoncnnnnnncnnnonnncnn
6. Use the drop down menu to select a mirror port Mirroring Configuration Port Mirror Source Wl aint AJUAN m O O d a O Ol O O O O Ol O Fig 4 20 Mirror ports configuration 72 4 2 11 QoS Quality of Service Configuration The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports VLAN tagged priority that can make precedence of 8 priorities and DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point on Layer 3 of network framework di System Information Ports QoS Configuration VLANs VLAN Mode VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP 302 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror gos Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Fig 4 21 QoS Configuration 73 Function name QoS Configuration Function description While setting QoS function please select QOS Mode in drop down menu at first Then you can use 802 1p Priority and DSCP Priority functions In this function you can enable disable QoS Mode and set Priority Control such as 802 1p and DSCP The switch only supports Strict Priority High priority queue is always passed first Function name Prioritize Traffic Function description Five kinds of default value The user can select custom or all low priority or all normal priority or all medium priority or all high priority for QoS default value Function name 802 1p Setting Function description This function will affect the priority of VLAN tag Based on priority of VLAN tag it can a
7. or EAP OTP One Time Password or other else algorithm lf user ID and password is correct the authentication server will send a Radius Access Accept to the authenticator If not correct the authentication server will send a Radius Access Reject When the authenticator PAE receives a Radius Access Accept it will send an EAP Success to the supplicant At this time the supplicant is authorized and the port connected to the supplicant and under 802 1x control is in the authorized state The supplicant and other devices connected to this port can access the network If the authenticator receives a Radius Access Reject it will send an EAP Failure to the supplicant This means the supplicant is failed to authenticate The port it connected is in the unauthorized state the supplicant and the devices connected to this port won t be allowed to access the network 66 10 When the supplicant issue an BEAP Logoff message to Authentication server the port you are using is set to be unauthorized Port connect Access blocked EAPOL Sart EAPOL Authenticator EAP Requestldentity Radius 4ccess Request EAP Responserld entity gt Radius 4ccess Challenge EAP Re quest ee EAP Response cred Radius 4ccess Request Shel 2pcpsss Radius 4ccess Accept EAP Fallure EAP Logotff Access allowed Fig 4 15 The 802 1X Enabled is the type of authentication supported in the switch In this mode for the devices conne
8. Default jiii RSTP VLAN Bridge Overview VLAN Id Bridge Id 132769 00 40 c7 3c 00 01 2 RSTP Port Status Port Group Vian Id Path Cost f Edge Port Fig 4 31 RSTP Status 90 l Hello Time Max Age Fwd Delay l Topology This switch is Root 4 3 5 IGMP Status Function name IGMP Status Function description Display IGMP status In Fig 4 29 the window shows VLAN ID for each multicast group Parameter description VLAN ld Show VLAN ld for each multicast group Querier Show the group membership queries status Queries transmitted To count the group membership queries transmitted Queries received To count the group membership queries received V1 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It Calculate the number of times of IGMPV1 report V2 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs lt Calculate the number of times of IGMPV2 report V3 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the gr
9. Deterministic behavior Low risk of duplication or mis ordering Support existing IEEE 802 3 MAC Clients Backwards compatibility with aggregation unaware devices gt o ON 991 ek There are also some constraints when applying LACP 1 LACP does not support inter switch bandwidth aggregation 2 The ports aggregated must operate in full duplex mode 3 The ports in the same Link Aggregation Group must have the same speed for example all with 100Mbps or all 1000Mbps You cannot aggregate a 1000Mbps and two 100Mbps for a 1 2Gbps trunk port 45 Terminology Link Aggregation It is a method to have multiple physical links with the same media and speed bundled to be a logical link forming a Link Aggregation Group with a group ID With the viewpoint of MAC client each Link Aggregation Group is an independent link There are three cases of link used in the network which are switch to switch switch to station and station to station Here station may be a host or a router Link Aggregation called port trunking sometimes has two types of link configuration including static port trunk and dynamic port trunk Static Port Trunk When physical links are changed administrator needs to manually configure the switches one by one Dynamic Port Trunk When physical links are changed LACP takes over and automatically reconfigure Administrator does not have to do anything and may see the trap message of LACP changed
10. DisplayString iflndex FROM RFC1213 MIB enterprises Counter TimeTicks Gauge lpAddress FROM RFC1155 SMI OBJECT TYPE FROM RFC 1212 TRAP TYPE FROM RFC 1215 privatetech OBJECT IDENTIFIER enterprises 5205 switch OBJECT IDENTIFIER privatetech 2 GESM SW24LProductld OBJECT IDENTIFIER switch 7 GESM SW24LProduces OBJECT IDENTIFIER GESM SW24LProductld 1 GESM SW24LIllegalLogin TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE GESM SW24LProductld DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the illegal user try to login the Web management UI 1 GESM SW24LRxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE GESM SW24LProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Rx bad packet over the Rx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number 2 GESM SW24LTxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE GESM SW24LProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Tx bad packet over the Tx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number END 105
11. Gigabit Ethernet chips do not feature this so far They all have their chips supported full duplex mode only as well as all network vendors devices So this criterion should not exist at the present time and in the future The switch s Gigabit module supports only full duplex mode 416 bytes for 1000Basa A 520 bytes for 1000Base T Lengthityps Data Pad FCS Extension 64 bytes Fig 3 4 Gigabit Ethernet Frame 30 Parameter Max collision domain DTE to iomete 100 meters for UTP 100 meters for UTP DTE 412 meters for fiber 316 meters for fiber Max collision domain with 2500 meters 205 meters 200 meters repeater Slot time 512 bit times 512 bit times 512 bit times 96us_ 0O96us Interframe Gap AttemptLimit BackoffLimit JamSize MaxFrameSize MinFrameSize BurstLimit Not applicable Not applicable 65536 bits Table 3 4 Ethernet parameters for half duplex mode Preamble SFD DA SA Typellenath Data PAD FCS Extension ai minFramesize slott ime _ _____ m FCS Coverage 1 e ate collision threshold slotTime e Duration of Carrier Event MHH Y Y_ In full duplex operation mode both transmitting and receiving frames are processed simultaneously This doubles the total bandwidth Full duplex is much easier than half duplex because it does not involve media contention collision retransm
12. ID is present 1 means default VLAN 4095 reserved 4 VLAN tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification without the value of O and 4095 and priority information Priority tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification with the value of 0 and priority information Untagged frame An Ethernet frame carries no VLAN tag information VLAN Identifier Also referred to as VID It is used to identify a member whether it belongs to the VLAN group with the VID The assignable number is 1 4094 If VID 0 the tagged frame is a priority packet Both the value of 0 and 4095 also cannot be assigned in VLAN management Port VLAN Identifier VLAN identifier of a port It also can be referred to as PVID When an untagged frame or a priority tagged frame is received the frame will be inserted the PVID of that port in the VLAN tag field The frame with VID assigned by a port is called PVID Each port can only be assigned a PVID The default value for PVID is 1 the same as VID Ingress filtering The process to check a received packet and compare its VID to the VLAN membership of the ingress port The ingress filtering can be set by per port When receiving a packet VLAN bridge examines if the VID in the frame s header presents If the VID of the received packet presents the VID of the packet is used And VLAN bridge will check its MAC address table t
13. Smart Switch support not only symmetric but asymmetric flow controls for the special application In Gigabit Ethernet both symmetric flow control and asymmetric flow control are supported Asymmetric flow control only allows transmitting PAUSE frame in one way from one side the other side is not but receipt and discard the flow control information Symmetric flow control allows both two ports to transmit PASUE frames each other simultaneously Inter frame Gap time After the end of a transmission if a network node is ready to transmit data out and if there is no carrier signal on the medium at that time the device will wait for a period of time known as an inter frame gap time to have the medium clear and stabilized as well as to have the jobs ready such as adjusting buffer counter updating counter and so on in the receiver site Once the inter frame gap time expires after the de assertion of carrier sense the MAC transmits data In IEEE802 3 specification this is 96 bit time or more Collision Collision happens only in half duplex operation When two or more network nodes transmit frames at approximately the same time a collision always occurs and interferes with each other This results the carrier signal distorted and un discriminated MAC can afford detecting through the physical layer the distortion of the carrier signal When a collision is detected during a frame transmission the transmission will not stop immediately but in
14. VLAN applied Most popular is port based VLAN tag based VLAN and protocol based VLAN Port based VLAN Some physical ports are configured as members of a VLAN All stations attached on these ports can communicate with each other Tag based VLAN It identifies the membership by VLAN ID no matter where the packet comes from It is also referred to as 802 1Q VLAN Protocol based VLAN It identifies the VLAN membership by layer 3 protocol types for example IPX Appletalk IP etc Other VLAN technologies not mentioned above are MAC based VLAN IP based VLAN and so on Terminology Tagged Frame A frame carrying a tag field following the source MAC address is four bytes long and contains VLAN protocol ID and tag control information composed of user priority Canonical Format Indicator CFI and optional VLAN identifier VID Normally the maximal length of a tagged frame is 1522 bytes 802 1Q VLAN tagged Ethernet frame 6 6 2 2 2 DA SA VLAN Protocol Tag Control Length ID Information Type VLAN Protocol ID mm 0 0x8100 User Priority CFI VLAN identifier Fig 3 9 Tag Format VLAN Protocol ID 8100 is reserved for VLAN tagged frame User Priority 3 bits long User priority is defined to 7 0 0 is the lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 bit long It is used to encapsulate a token ring packet to let it travel across the Ethernet Usually it is set to 0 VLAN ID 12 bits long 0 means no VLAN
15. Web Smart Switch provides auto MDIX on its TP ports and supports fiber types like LC and BiDi SFP for removable modules on its four slots For more details on the specification of the switch please refer to Appendix A The switch is suitable for the following applications Central Site Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP See Fig 2 10 Peer to peer application is used in two remote offices See Fig 2 11 Office network See Fig 2 12 Gigabit Switch mm or sm fiber 2 7r main _ Fiber Optic Managed Media Converter Fiber Optic Gigabit Switch n Copper Twisted pair Links Fiber Optic Links Fig 2 10 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site Fig 2 10 illustrates how the switches and the various devices form the network infrastructure in a large scale network 21 _Financial__ es MUS oe Fig 2 12 Office Network Connection 22 3 Basic Concept and Management This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch and how they work 3 1 What s the Ethernet Ethernet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Intel and Xerox DIX in 1980 In 1992 Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethernet but operated at 100Mbps called F
16. action and no key is stroke as well in any function screen more than the minutes you set up in Auto Logout Timer the switch will have you logout automatically Or press the lt Logout gt button in Logout function to exit the system manually Maintenance Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Logout l File Transfer Fig 4 38 99 5 Maintenance 5 1 Resolving No Link Condition The possible causes for a no link LED status are as follows e The attached device is not powered on The cable may not be the correct type or is faulty The installed building premise cable is faulty The port may be faulty 5 2 Q amp A 1 Computer A can connect to Computer B but cannot connect to Computer C through the 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch v The network device of Computer C may fail to work Please check the link act status of Computer C on the LED indicator Try another network device on this connection v The network configuration of Computer C may be something wrong Please verify the network configuration on Computer C 2 The uplink connection function fails to work v The connection ports on another must be connection ports Please check if connection ports are used on that 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch v Please check the uplink setup of the 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch to verify the uplink function is enabled 3 The console interface cannot appear on the console port connection v 24 Port GbE Web Smart S
17. contain upper case lower case and 0 9 It is character sense It is not allowed for putting a blank between any two characters Default None Admin State This is used to set the operation mode of authorization There are three type of operation mode supported Force Unauthorized Force Authorized Auto e Force Unauthorized The controlled port is forced to hold in the unauthorized state e Force Authorized The controlled port is forced to hold in the authorized state e Auto The controlled port is set to be in authorized state or unauthorized state depends on the result of the authentication exchange between the authentication server and the supplicant Default Force Authorized Port State Show the port status of authorization Re authenticate Specify if subscriber has to periodically re enter his or her username and password to stay connected to the port Re authenticate All Re authenticate for all ports in at once Force Reinitialize 68 Force the subscriber has to reinitialize connected to the port Force Reinitialize All Force Reinitialize for all ports in at once 802 1X Configuration RADIUS UDP Port 1812 RADIUS Secret Admin State E fo Force Authorized z Link Down Re authenticate althenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics Force authorized Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics Force Authorized z Force Aut
18. in turn The followings summarize what a MAC does before transmitting a frame 1 MAC will assemble the frame First the preamble and Start of Frame delimiter will be put in the fields of PRE and SFD followed DA SA tag ID if tagged VLAN is applied Ethertype or the value of the data length and payload data field and finally put the FCS data in order into the responded fields 2 Listen if there is any traffic running over the medium If yes wait If the medium is quiet and no longer senses any carrier the MAC waits for a period of time i e inter frame gap time to have the MAC ready with enough time and then start transmitting the frame 4 During the transmission MAC keeps monitoring the status of the medium If no collision happens until the end of the frame it transmits successfully If there is a collision happened the MAC will send the patterned jamming bit to guarantee the collision event propagated to all involved network devices then wait for a random period of time i e backoff time When backoff time expires the MAC goes back to the beginning state and attempts to transmit again After a collision happens MAC increases the transmission attempts If the count of the transmission attempt reaches 16 times the frame in MAC s queue will be discarded 29 Ethernet MAC transmits frames in half duplex and full duplex ways In half duplex operation mode the MAC can either transmit or receive frame at a moment but c
19. list is used to make the tagging and forwarding decision on an outgoing port It specifies the VLANs whose packets can be transmitted out and specifies if the packet should be tagged or not It can be configured for port s VLAN membership and tagged or untagged for a transmitted packet When a packet is transmitted out the VLAN bridge checks the port s egress list If the VLAN of the packet is on the egress list of the port on which the packet transmits out the packet will be transmitted with the priority accordingly If enabled an egress port will transmit out a tagged packet if the port is connected to a 802 1Q compliant device If an egress port is connected to a non 802 1Q device or an end station VLAN bridge must transmit out an untagged packet i e the tag has been stripped off in an egress port Egress rule can be set by per port Independent VLAN Learning IVL It specifies the mode how to learn MAC address For a specified VLAN it will use an independent filtering database FID to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN and decide where to go Shared VLAN Learning SVL It specifies the mode how to learn MAC address In this mode some VLAN or all VLANs use the same filtering database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN In 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch you can choose a VID for sharing filtering database in Shared VID field if you wish to u
20. packet will be screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be forwarded The switch supports supplement of 802 1q For more details please see the section VLAN in Chapter 3 Each tag based VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name and VLAN ID Valid VLAN ID is 1 4094 User can create total up to 24 Tag VLAN groups Double tag Double tag mode belongs to the tag based mode however it would treat all frames as the untagged ones which means that tag with PVID will be added into all packets Then these packets will be forwarded as Tag based VLAN So the incoming packets with tag will become the double tag ones Metro Mode The Metro Mode is a quick configuration VLAN environment method on Port based VLAN It will create 21 22 23 or 24 Port based VLAN groups ENT VLAN Mode System Information Ports VLANs VLAN Mode VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Fig 4 5 Select VLAN Mode CE VLAN Mode System Information sa epee VLANS VLAN Mode Mctro VLAN Mode 21 2 230 24 VLAN Group Aggregation Apply LACP RSTP 202 1X IGMP Snooping Fig 4 6 Metro mode 56 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration Function name VLAN Group Configuration Function description It shows the information of VLAN Groups and allows administrators to maintain them by modifying and deleting each VLAN group User also can add a new VLAN group by inputting a new VLAN n
21. tagging is applied VLAN tagging is a 4 byte long data immediately following the MAC source address When tagged VLAN is applied the Ethernet frame structure will have a little change shown as follows VLAN Tag control Length Only two fields VLAN ID and Tag control information are different in comparison with the basic Ethernet frame The rest fields are the same The first two bytes is VLAN type ID with the value of 0x8100 indicating the received frame is tagged VLAN and the next two bytes are Tag Control Information TCI used to provide user priority and VLAN ID which are explained respectively in the following table User Priority 7 0 O is lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 RIF field is present in the tag header 0 No RIF field is present VID VLAN Identifier 0x000 Null VID No VID is present and only user priority is present 0x001 Default VID OxFFF Reserved Table 3 5 Note RIF is used in Token Ring network to provide source routing and comprises two fields Routing Control and Route Descriptor When MAC parses the received frame and finds a reserved special value 0x8100 at the location of the Length Type field of the normal non VLAN frame it will interpret the received frame as a tagged VLAN frame If this happens in a switch the MAC will forward it according to its priority and egress rule to all the ports that is associated with that VID If it happens in a network interfa
22. warm restart function and it will take around thirty 30 seconds to complete the system boot VLAN Group Warm Restart Aggregation LACP RSTP UR Are you sure you want to perform a Warm Restart Yes No IGMP Snooping Mirror Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer Logout v Fig 4 34 Warm Restart 95 4 4 2 Factory Default Function name Factory Default Function description Factory Default provides the function to retrieve default settings and replace current configuration Except the IP address setting all settings will be restored to the factory default values when Factory Default function is performed If you want to restore all configurations including the IP address setting to the factory default please press the RESET button on the front panel Note for RESET button You must press the RESET button over 3 seconds to restore the factory default setting VLAN Group Factory Default Aggregation Are you sure you want to perform a Factory Default Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer e Logout v Fig 4 35 96 4 4 3 Software Upgrade Function name Software Upgrade Function description You can just click Browse button to retrieve the file you want in your system to upgr
23. 15 nodes in the network Default gateway For the routed packet if the destination is not in the routing table all the traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address known as default router Basically it is a routing policy For assigning an IP address to the switch you just have to check what the IP address of the network will be connected with the switch Use the same network address and append your host address to it System Information Ports VLANs LAN Mode LAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror Qos Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer Logout System Configuration System Description ES Co Co CLS O0 40 lt 7 acoo da SMMC 01801000003 SO 92160050 Eres uc 255 255 255 0 CESES 192 168 0 254 DHCP Server O Lease Time Lor o s DHCP DHCP Enabled miero EEN 255 255 255 0 rocna O ooo mooo Inactivity Timeout 0 60 10000 Secs O J Refresh Fig 2 9 First IP Address as shown in the Fig 2 9 enter 192 168 1 1 for instance For sure an IP address such as 192 168 1 x must be set on your PC Second Subnet Mask as shown in the Fig 2 9 enter 255 255 255 0 Any subnet mask such as 255 255 255 x is allowable in this case 20 2 2 Typical Applications The 24 Port GbE
24. 1s 128 1 2 255 111111111 18 In this diagram you can see the subnet mask with 25 bit long 255 255 255 128 contains 126 members in the sub netted network Another is that the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask With this you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched The following table shows the result refix Length No of IP matched No of Addressable 2 1 0 9 8 7 U 6 N Re Mi N 5 4 3 No of IP matched 2 1 X 00 NINININ AJN Q NO ON 0 9 HN OO OO CO O AJIN 8 17 Si od O ON Nn Nn ey ON ON oo 1 Nn allo Table 2 3 According to the scheme above a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 will partition a network with the class C It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective nodes existed in this sub netted network and is considered a physical network in an autonomous network So it owns a network IP address which may looks like 168 1 2 0 With the subnet mask a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of network If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet a partition to the network must be performed In this case subnet mask must be applied 19 For different network applications the subnet mask may look like 299 255 255 240 This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of
25. 255 255 Class C 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information Subnet mask It means the sub division of a class based network or a CIDR block The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host address in bitwise basis It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and ease to manage IP network For a class B network 128 1 2 3 it may have a subnet mask 255 255 0 0 in default in which the first two bytes is with all 1s This means more than 60 thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network It s too large to manage practically Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network prefix from 16 bits to say 24 bits that s using its third byte to subnet this class B network Now it has a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 in which each bit of the first three bytes is 1 It s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B network the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and of course the last byte is the host number Not all IP address is available in the sub netted network Two special addresses are reserved They are the addresses with all zero s and all one s host number For example an IP address 128 1 2 128 what IP address reserved will be looked like All Os mean the network itself and all 1s mean IP broadcast Network Subnet All Os 128 1 2 128 All
26. Both learning and forwarding are the most important functions in a switch Besides that VLAN can be one of the rules to forward the packet There are ingress rule and egress rule applied The ingress rule is used to filter the incoming packet by VLAN ID and so on and to decide whether the packet is allowed to enter the switch or not The egress rule is used to forward the packet to the proper port 37 Mac address aging There is a field in MAC address table used to put the entry s Age time which determines how long a MAC entry can reside in a switch The age time is refreshed when a packet with that SA Usually the age time is programmable Transmission schedule In most layer 2 switches the QoS is supported QoS in a switch must associate a transmission schedule to transmit the packet This function is much to do with the priority level a packet has With the given priority the scheduler will do the proper action on it The scheduler has many ways to implement and different chips may support different schedule algorithms Most common schedulers are FCFS First Come First Service Strictly Priority All High before Low Weighted Round Robin Set a weight figure to the packet with a priority level say 5 7 and next set another weight to the packet with a priority level say 2 4 and so on The WRR will transmit the packet with the weight So the packet of each priority level can be allocated a fixed bandwidth Bandwidth rating Ban
27. CD rule For the host directly attached to the switch because no other host s joins the traffic contention hence it will not be affected by CSMA CD These LAN segments are separated in different access domains by the switch Micro segmentation To have a port of the switch connected to a single host is referred to as micro segmentation It has the following interesting characteristics There is no need the access contention e g Collision They have their own access domain But collision still could happen between the host and the switch port When performing the full duplex the collision vanishes The host owns a dedicated bandwidth of the port The switch port can run at different soeed such as 10Mbps 100Mbps or 1000Mbps A shared hub cannot afford this 35 Collision domain 2 HE E dl zae i AA A Fig 3 5 Collision Domain Collision Collision Collision domain3 domain4 domain 5 Extended Distance Limitations The diameter of a half duplex LAN segment is determined by its maximum propagation delay time For example in 10M LAN the most distance of a LAN segment using yellow cable is 2500 meters and 185 meters when using coaxial cable The switch with its per port per collision domain can extend the distance like a bridge does And what s more when operating in full duplex mode the distance can reach farther than half duplex because it is not limited by the maximum propagation delay time 512
28. Group Configuration Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror O O o Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP 4 2 1 System Configuration System configuration is one of the most important functions Without a proper setting network administrator would not be able to manage the device The switch supports manual IP address setting Dovicenome C DCP enone La O CC Inactivity Timeout 0 60 10000 Secs E I Refresh Fig 4 3 Function name system Configuration Function description Show system description firmware version hardware version MAC address serial number active IP address active subnet mask active gateway DHCP server and Lease time left Set device name DHCP enable fallback IP address fallback subnet mask fallback gateway management VLAN password and inactivity timeout Parameter description System Description The simple description of this switch Firmware Version The firmware version of this switch Hardware Version The hardware version of this switch MAC Address It is the Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch Serial Number The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer 51l Active IP Address Show the active IP address of this switch Active Subnet Mask Show the active subnet mask of this switch Active Gateway Show the active gateway of this switch DHCP Server Show the IP address of the DHCP server Def
29. Introduction 1 1 Overview of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch The 24 port Gigabit Web Smart Switch is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications The switch has 20 10 100 1000Mbps TP ports and 4 Gigabit TP SFP transceiver slots It supports console telnet http and SNMP interface for switch management The network administrator can logon the switch to monitor configure and control each port s activity In addition the switch implements the QoS Quality of Service VLAN and Trunking It is suitable for office application In this switch Port 21 22 23 24 includes two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi this port supports 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion 1000Mbps LC Multi Mode SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 10km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 30km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 50km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi 20km 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi 20km 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 10 100 1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802 3z and 1000Base SX LX standards 1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM BiDi transceiver is designed with an optic Wavelengt
30. Multicast Show the counting number of the received broadcast with multicast packet Rx Error Packets Show the counting number of the received error packets Tx Packets The counting number of the packet transmitted TX Octets Total transmitted bytes Tx High Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as high priority Tx Low Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as low priority Tx Broadcast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet Tx Multicast 85 Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet Tx Broad and Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast with multicast packet Tx Error Packets Show the counting number of the received error packets Rx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets received Tx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte f
31. VEIVICW orsoni haao a Aae Ea Taa sess OESE AE CSa 83 4 3 2 Detailed Statis US ida 85 A AS P Stal aan 88 E A O santcevaseueaaseerecons 89 A OSM SAUS ti 91 Aes 0 PING Slas eaa hie hadedenedd T eusasactarueadaeeas 92 dA AAP a on AO 94 dede O e a et eo os ee 95 do A tein ete ee ene oe ee eee eg ee Meee ere ee Seer 96 ase we cl aera eee ree ea rn ee ner Ree er ete eee 97 4 4 4 Configuration File Transfer cccccsssceccssseccceeececeeeseeeceegeeecsegeeecsegseesseneesssageees 98 Be x A arta respite asaatius a neeialeniecaleh oa sania d id aenc adage aialaneteal daceendeatactes 99 9s IMATION AGC a e og ioe de EN 100 5 1 Resolving No Link Condition ccoooccccccccnoncccocnnccconnnnonaconnnnannnnononcnnonnnrnnnnnannnnnnnns 100 BM A A a nate Co e o eo 100 Appendix A Technical SpecifiCatiONS cooocccocccncoccnncoonnnnconnnonannonannnonannnonnnnononnnonanonenanoss 101 Appendix B MIB SpecificationS cooccccocnccconnccconcccnononononononnnononanocnnnnnnonnnonnnononncnnannnss 105 iii Revision History Release Date Revision A 06 28 2007 pA AO 03 13 2007 O M o 02 10 2007 PE ee Caution Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity which can damage their delicate electronics Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge To protect your device always e Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the st
32. VLAN bridge will only check the MAC address table to see if the destination VLAN exists If VLAN does not exist then drop the packet and if both DA and VLAN do not exist forwards the packet If just knows VLAN existed then floods the packet to all the ports the VLAN covers If we plan to deploy four VLANs in an office and use a switch to partition them we should check which ports belong to which VLAN first Assuming a 24 port switch is applied VID Port Members Marketing 2 1123145 6 7 20 21 22 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Administration 17 18 19 23 24 Table 3 6 Next assigns IP address to each VLAN Usually we use 10 x x x as internal IP block Because there are total four VLANs in the network we must assign 4 IP blocks to each of them Name VID Network Address Marketing 10 1 2 0 24 10 1 3 0 24 Sales 4 10 1 4 0 24 Administration 10 1 1 0 24 Table 3 7 Here we apply the subnet mask 255 255 255 and each VLAN is capable of supporting 254 nodes 44 3 6 Link Aggregation Basically Link Aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to an assigned logical link This highly increases total bandwidth to the targeted device There is more than one Link Aggregation technology in many vendors switch products already which may cause the problem of interoperability This is the reason why now we have 802 3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP Why 802 3ad LACP Network is var
33. ade your switch Software Upgrade Fig 4 36 Software Upgrade 97 4 4 4 Configuration File Transfer Function name Configuration File Transfer Function description You can backup your switch s configuration file into your computer folder in case accident happens In addition uploading backup configuration file into a new or a crashed switch can save much time and avoid mistakes VLANS VLAN Mode VLAN Group Configuration Upload Aggregation LACP m RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror 00S Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP E Statistics Overview i Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer l Configuration Download Fig 4 37 Configuration Upload Download 98 4 4 5 Logout In addition to auto logout function we just mentioned in system configuration section the switch also allows administrators to logout manually by Logout function Function name Logout Function description The switch allows you to logout the system to prevent other users from the system without the permission If you do not logout and exit the browser the switch will automatically have you logout Besides this manually logout and implicit logout you can set up the parameter of Auto Logout Timer in system configuration function to explicitly ON OFF this logout function Parameter description Auto Manual Logout If no
34. alize Statistics Re authenticate Al All I F Force Reinitialize All m apoly J Refresh Fig 4 16 802 1X Configuration Statistics Choose the port which you want to show of 802 1X statistics the screen include Authenticator counters backend Authenticator counters dot1x MIB counters and Other statistics Press the lt Refresh gt button will fresh the screen and see the newer counters 69 802 1X Statistics for Port 1 Port1 Port2 Port3 Porta Ports Pote Portz Pors Porto Port10 Port11 Port12 Port13 Port14 Port15 Port16 lauthEntersConnecting 5 lauthEapLogoffsWhileConnecting lo lauthEntersAuthenticating lo lauthAuthSuccessesWhileAuthenticating lo lauthAuthTimeoutsWhileAuthenticating E authAuthFailWhileAuthenticating lo lauthAuthEapStartsWhileAuthenticating lo lauthAuthEapLogoffWhileAuthenticating lo authAuthReauths WhileAuthenticated lo lauthAuthEapStartsWhileAuthenticated lo Sse EE Port 17 Port 18 Port19 Port20 Port21 Port22 Port23 Port 24 authAuthEapLogoffWhileAuthenticated 0 lbackendResponses lo lbackendAccessChallenges lo lbackendOtherRequestsToSupplicant la lbackendAuthSuccesses lo backendAuthFails lo dotixAuthEapolFramesRz lo dot1xAuthEapolFramesTx 7 dot1xAuthEapolStartFramesRx lo dot1xAuthEapolLogoffframesRx lo dot1xAuthEapolRespIdFramesRx lo dot1xAuthEapolRespFramesRx lo dot1xAuthEapolReqIdFramesTx la ldotixAuthEapolReqFr
35. ame and VLAN ID If you are in port based VLAN it will just show the ID Member of the existed port based VLAN group If you are in tag based VLAN it will show the ID gt VID gt Member of the existed tag based VLAN group The switch can store the configuration of port based VLAN and tag based VLAN separately When you choose one of VLAN mode the switch will bring you the responded VLAN configuration which keeps the default data You can easily create and delete a VLAN group by pressing lt Add gt and lt Delete gt function buttons or click the Group ID directly to edit it Parameter description ID Group ID When you want to edit a VLAN group you must select the Group ID field Then you will enter Tag Base VLAN Group Setting or Port Base VLAN Group Setting page which depends on your VLAN mode selection VID VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member In modify function this is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box IM beside the port x to enable it Configuration amp System Information Port Based VLAN Configuration VLAN Mode Add a VLAN VLAN Group Aggregation 1D 9 Add VLAN Configuration List E E O O O O O OOOO O O 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 MEA E E Statistics Overview Fi
36. amesTx lo dot1xAuthInvalidEapolFramesRx lo dot1xAuthEapLengthErrorFramesRx lo ldotixAuthLastEapolFrameYersion lo dotixAuthLastEapolFrameSource Last Supplicant identity Fig 4 17 802 1X Statistics Function name 802 1x Parameters Function description In here user can enable or disable Reauthentication function and specify how often a client has to re enter his or her username and password to stay connected to the port Parameter description Reauthentication Enabled Choose whether regular authentication will take place in this port Default disable Reauthentication Period 1 65535 s A non zero number seconds between the periodic re authentication of the supplicant Default 3600 EAP timeout 1 255 s A timeout condition in the exchange between the authenticator and the supplicant The valid range 1 255 Default 30 seconds 802 1X Parameters Reauthentication Enabled TT Enabled Reauthentication Period E oo EAP timeout 30 1 255 seconds Fig 4 18 802 1X Parameters 70 4 2 9 IGMP Snooping Function name IGMP Snooping Configuration Function description IGMP Snooping lets administrators configure a switch to constrain multicast traffic by listening to Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP After finishing the settings please press lt Apply gt button to start up the function Parameter description IGMP Enabled Just tick the check box M to enable this functi
37. annot do both jobs at the same time As the transmission of a MAC frame with the half duplex operation exists only in the same collision domain the carrier signal needs to spend time to travel to reach the targeted device For two most distant devices in the same collision domain when one sends the frame first and the second sends the frame in worst case just before the frame from the first device arrives The collision happens and will be detected by the second device immediately Because of the medium delay this corrupted signal needs to spend some time to propagate back to the first device The maximum time to detect a collision is approximately twice the signal propagation time between the two most distant devices This maximum time is traded off by the collision recovery time and the diameter of the LAN In the original 802 3 specification Ethernet operates in half duplex only Under this condition when in 10Mbps LAN it s 2500 meters in 100Mbps LAN it s approximately 200 meters and in 1000Mbps 200 meters According to the theory it should be 20 meters But it s not practical so the LAN diameter is kept by using to increase the minimum frame size with a variable length non data extension bit field which is removed at the receiving MAC The following tables are the frame format suitable for 10M 100M and 1000M Ethernet and some parameter values that shall be applied to all of these three types of Ethernet Actually the practice
38. ast Ethernet now This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same frame format CSMA CD software interface In 1998 Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and provided 1000Mbps Now 10G s Ethernet is under approving Although these Ethernet have different speed they still use the same basic functions So they are compatible in software and can connect each other almost without limitation The transmission media may be the only problem Application Presentation Session Upper layer protocols Transport Network T MAC dient IEEE 802 spacific Data link Media Access MAC IEEE 602 3 specific Physical Physical PHY Media specific Fig 3 1 IEEE 802 3 reference model vs OSI reference mode In Fig 3 1 we can see that Ethernet locates at the Data Link layer and Physical layer and comprises three portions including logical link control LLC media access control MAC and physical layer The first two comprises Data link layer which performs splitting data into frame for transmitting receiving acknowledge frame error checking and re transmitting when not received correctly as well as provides an error free channel upward to network layer 23 e Coaxial STP UTP Fiber This above diagram shows the Ethernet architecture LLC sub layer and MAC sub layer which are responded to the Data Link layer and transceivers which are responded to the Physical layer in OSI model In this section we are mainly describing the MAC sub layer
39. ast domain For these stations it is obviously that the traffic is getting congested while adding more stations on it With the more and more users joining the LAN broadcast traffic will rapidly decrease the performance of the network Finally the network may get down 39 Router y 4 oa Paaa ma a AT i gt fi EY i z B Ethernet s witch e A 7 ee y KBONE Sissies ACADOINE A EE l Son eee i Fig 3 8 Now we apply VLAN technology to configure the system shown as the figure above We can partition the users into the different logical networks which have their own broadcast domain The traffic will not disturb among these logical networks The users 1x x denotes a d are members of VLAN 1 Any traffic within VLAN 1 does not flow to VLAN 2 and others This helps us configure the network easily according to the criteria needed for example financial accounting R amp D and whatever you think it necessary You can also easily move a user to a different location or join a new user somewhere in the building to VLAN Without VLAN it is very hard to do Basically VLAN can afford offering at least 3 benefits move and change users reduce broadcast traffic and increase performance Security Besides VLAN can highly reduce the traffic congestion and increase total performance because there are no more too many users in the same broadcast domain 40 There are many types of
40. atic electrical charge before you pick up the circuit device e Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only Electronic Emission Notices Federal Communications Commission FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment European Community CE Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022 EMC EN55022 1988 CISPR 22 2002 class A EN61000 3 2 2000 EN61000 3 3 1995 IEC61000 4 2 2001 4K V CD 8KV AD IEC61000 4 3 2002 3V m IEC61000 4 4 1995 1KV power line 0 5KV signal line IEC61000 4 5 2001 IEC61000 4 6 2003 IEC61000 4 8 2001 1EC61000 4 11 2001 About this user s manual This user s manual provides instructions on how to install your Web Smart Switch This guide also covers management options and detailed explanation about hardware and software functions Overview of this user s manual Chapter 1 Introduction describes the features of 24 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 3 Operating Concept and Management Chapter 4 Operation of Web based Management Chapter 5 Maintenance 1
41. atically negotiate with the ports at the remote end of a link to establish trunk groups LACP also allows port redundancy that is if an operational port fails then one of the standby ports become operational without user intervention Function name LACP Port Configuration Function description Enable or disable LACP protocol user is allowed to set the aggregation key value Parameter description Protocol Enabled Just tick the check box IM to enable LACP protocol then press the lt Apply gt button to apply Key Value It s key for an aggregation This must be an integer value between 1 and 255 or auto select by switch configuration iS System Information LACP Port Configuration Key Value VLAN Group Port Protocol Enabled 0 255 Aggregation 1 O ii auto auto 0 00 auto HA K Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP K K K Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Factorv Default CEE CTER YE O Fig 4 11 LACP Port Configuration 61 4 2 7 RSTP RSTP detects and resolves network loops and provides backup links between switches bridges and routers The protocol allows a switch to communicate with other RSTP compliant switches and to ensure only one path existing between two stations in your network environment The switch allows you to create multiple STP configurations and assign ports to a specif
42. ault 0 0 0 0 Lease Time Left Show the lease time left of DHCP client Device Name Set a special name for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character and null are acceptable Default Giga Switch DHCP Enabled Enable DHCP snooping Just tick the check box M to enable it Default disable Fallback IP Address Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values Then click lt Apply gt button to update Default 192 168 1 1 Fallback Subnet Mask Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address because any IP device in a network must own its IP address composed of Network address and Host address otherwise can t communicate with other devices each other But unfortunately the network classes A B and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks hence subnet mask is introduced to solve this problem Subnet mask uses some bits from host address and makes an IP address looked Network address Subnet mask number and host address It is shown in the following figure This reduces the total IP number of a network able to support by the amount of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number 24 bit number of subnet number IZ 32 bits NeworkiD Hostio Subnet number Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value which should be the same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it attaches For more informat
43. based VLAN 802 1q Its VLAN mode supports 24 active VLANs and the available VLAN ID range is from 1 4094 VLAN configuration is used to divide a LAN into smaller ones With proper configuration you can gain not only improved security and increased performance but also save a lot of VLAN management effort Function name VLAN Mode Setting Function description The VLAN Mode Selection function includes four modes Port based Tag based Metro mode or Disable you can choose one of them by pulling down list and pressing the lt Downward gt arrow key Then click lt Apply gt button the settings will take affect immediately Parameter description VLAN Mode Port based Port based VLAN is defined by port Any packet coming in or outgoing from any one port of a port based VLAN will be accepted No filtering criterion applies in port based VLAN The only criterion is the physical port you connect to For example for a port based VLAN named PVLAN 1 contains port members Port 1 amp 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 1 you can communicate with port 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 5 then you cannot talk to them Each port based VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name This switch can support up to maximal 24 port based VLAN groups 55 Tag based Tag based VLAN identifies its member by VID This is quite different from port based VLAN If there are any more rules in ingress filtering list or egress filtering list the
44. bits time If fiber media is applied the distance can be up to tens of kilometers Traffic Aggregation Traffic aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port and treat it as a single port in the LAN This single port possesses the features of a normal port but loading balance This is a great feature for the port needing more bandwidth but cannot afford paying much cost for high bandwidth port 36 1000Mb s 100Mb s Fig 3 6 How does a switch operate A Layer 2 switch uses some features of the Data Link layer in OSI model to forward the packet to the destination port s Here we introduce some important features of a switch and how they work MAC address table When a packet is received on a port of switch the switch first checks if the packet good or bad and extracts the source MAC address SA and destination MAC address DA to find 1 if SA is existed in the MAC address table if no puts it in the MAC address table if yes 2 looks up DA and its associated port to which the traffic is forwarded If DA does not exist have the packet broadcasted Due to the size of the MAC address limited MAC address aging function is applied When the MAC address has resided and keeps no update in the table for a long time this means the traffic using that entry has yet come for a while If this time period is more than the aging time the entry will be marked invalid The vacancy is now available for other new MAC
45. ccess control MAC they are referred to as MAC addresses The first three bytes are Organizational Unique Identifier OUI code assigned by IEEE The last three bytes are the serial number assigned by the vendor of the network device All these six bytes are stored in a non volatile memory in the device Their format is as the following table and normally written in the form as aa bb cc dd ee ff a 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens in which the aa bb cc is the OUI code and the dd ee ff is the serial number assigned by manufacturer 26 Bit 47 bit O 1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte 4th byte oth byte 6th byte OUI code Table 3 3 Ethernet MAC address The first bit of the first byte in the Destination address DA determines the address to be a Unicast 0 or Multicast frame 1 known as I G bit indicating individual 0 or group 1 So the 48 bit address space is divided into two portions Unicast and Multicast The second bit is for global unique 0 or locally unique address The former is assigned by the device manufacturer and the later is usually assigned by the administrator In practice global unique addresses are always applied A unicast address is identified with a single network interface With this nature of MAC address a frame transmitted can exactly be received by the target an interface the destination MAC points to A multicast address is identified with a group of network devices or network interfaces In Etherne
46. ce card MAC will deprive of the tag header and process it in the same way as a basic normal frame For a VLAN enabled LAN all involved devices must be equipped with VLAN optional function At operating speeds above 100 Mbps the slotlime employed at slower speeds is inadequate to accommodate network topologies of the desired physical extent Carrier Extension provides a means by which the slotTime can be increased to a sufficient value for the desired topologies without increasing the minFrameSize parameter as this would have deleterious effects Nondata bits referred to as extension bits are appended to frames that are less than slotTime bits in length so that the resulting transmission is at least one slotTime in duration Carrier Extension can be performed only if the underlying physical layer is capable of sending and receiving symbols that are readily distinguished from data symbols as is the case in most physical layers that use a block encoding decoding scheme 34 The maximum length of the extension is equal to the quantity slotTime minFrameSize The MAC continues to monitor the medium for collisions while it is transmitting extension bits and it will treat any collision that occurs after the threshold slotTime as a late collision 3 4 How does a switch work The switch is a layer 2 Ethernet Switch equipped with 24 Fast Ethernet ports and 2 optional modules which support Gigabit Ethernet or 100M Ethernet Each port on it i
47. choose Auto Speed 1000 Full and Disable If the media is TP the Speed Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode 10 100 1000Mbps and duplex mode full duplex and half duplex The following table summarized the function the media supports Media type SEN Speed Duplex 1000M TP ON OFF 10 100 1000M Full for all Half for 10 100 1000M Fiber ON OFF 1000M In Auto Speed mode no default value In Forced mode default value depends on your setting Flow Control You can Just tick the check box M to enable flow control If flow control is set Enable both parties can send PAUSE frame to the transmitting device s if the receiving port is too busy to handle When it is set Disable there will be no flow control in the port It drops the packet if too much to handle Default Disable 54 SL Port Configuration System Information Enable Jumbo Frames ifs support jumbo frames of up to 9600 bytes VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP Ru Flow Control IGMP Snooping j Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status ed Auto Speed o Speed Y 1 MB auio speed v Auto Speed Warm Restart Auto Speed Factorv Default i o Domn Auto Speed Fig 4 4 Port Configuration 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 pal al ojololojololojolojolojo a 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration Web Smart Switch supports Port based VLAN and Tag
48. ck 1 If it is less than one slotTime in length i e short packet and if yes it will be discarded by MAC because by definition the valid frame must be longer than the slotTime If the length of the frame is less than one slotTime it means there may be a collision happened somewhere or an interface malfunctioned in the LAN When detecting the case the MAC drops the packet and goes back to the ready state If the DA of the received frame exactly matches the physical address that the receiving MAC owns or the multicast address designated to recognize If not discards it and the MAC passes the frame to its client and goes back to the ready state If the frame is too long If yes throws it away and reports frame Too Long If the FCS of the received frame is valid If not for 10M and 100M Ethernet discards the frame For Gigabit Ethernet or higher speed Ethernet MAC has to check one more field i e extra bit field if FCS is invalid If there is any extra bits existed which must meet the specification of IEEE802 3 When both FCS and extra bits are valid the received frame will be accepted otherwise discards the received frame and reports frameCheckError if no extra bits appended or alignmentError if extra bits appended If the length type is valid If not discards the packet and reports lengthError If all five procedures above are ok then the MAC treats the frame as good and de assembles the frame 33 What if a VLAN
49. cted to this port once a supplicant is authorized the devices connected to this port can access the network resource through this port 802 1x Port based Network Access Control function supported by the switch is little bit complex for it just support basic Enabled mode which can distinguish the device s MAC address and its VID The following table is the summary of the combination of the authentication status and the port status versus the status of port mode set in 802 1x Port mode port control state set in 802 1x port setting Here Entry Authorized means MAC entry is authorized Port Mode Port Control Authentication Port Status Port Uncontrolled Enabled Port Authorized Enabled Port Unauthorized Enabled ForceUnauthorized Port Unauthorized Enabled ForceAuthorized Port Authorized Function name 802 1X Configuration 67 Function description This function is used to configure the global parameters for RADIUS authentication in 802 1x port security application Parameter description Mode Enable or disable 802 1X function RADIUS IP RADIUS server IP address for authentication Default 0 0 0 0 RADIUS UDP Port The port number to communicate with RADIUS server for the authentication service The valid value ranges 1 65535 Default port number is 1812 RADIUS Secret The secret key between authentication server and authenticator It is a string with the length 1 15 characters The character string may
50. d can t be applied to other function such as Write and Trap Default SNMP function Disable 6l Default community name for Get public Default community name for Set private Default community name for Trap public Configuration po System Information a Ports SNMP Configuration VLANs an VLAN Mode SNMPenabled VLAN Group Aggregation A AGAR RSTP IGMP Snooping i Miror Qos Filter Apply Rate Limit Apply Storm Control Fig 4 27 SNMP Configuration 82 4 3 Monitoring There are six functions contained in the monitoring function Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping 4 3 1 Statistics Overview The function of Statistics Overview collects any information and provides the counting summary about the traffic of the port no matter the packet is good or bad In the Fig 4 25 the window can show all ports counter information at the same time If the counting is overflow the counter will be reset and restart counting Function name Statistics Overview Function description Display the summary counting of each port s traffic including Tx Bytes Tx Frames Rx Bytes Rx Frames Tx Errors and Rx Errors Parameters description Tx Bytes Total transmitted bytes Tx Frames The counting number of the packet transmitted Rx Bytes Total received bytes Rx Frames The co
51. dcast Storm Control IEEE802 1Q in Q nested VLAN support Full duplex flow control IEEE802 3x and half duplex backpressure Extensive front panel diagnostic LEDs System Power TP Port1 24 LINK ACT 10 100 1000Mbps SFP Port 21 22 23 24 SFP LINK ACT e Management e Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration e Supports per port traffic monitoring counters e Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login e Supports port mirror function e Supports the static trunk function Supports 802 1Q VLAN Supports user management and limits one user to login Maximal packet length can be up to 9600 bytes for jumbo frame application Supports Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or crashed Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current configuration which is working on via Web UI and Reset button of the switch Supports on line plug unplug SFP modules Supports Quality of Service QoS for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 3 Built in web based management instead of using CLI interface providing a more convenient GUI for the user 1 4 View of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch Fig 1 1 Full View of 24 PORT GBE WEB SMART SWITCH 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs There are 24 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4 SFP fiber por
52. dwidth rating is the limitation set by administrator and it can be applied to those with SLA Bandwidth rating can be total bandwidth types of service of a port with many steps The switch supports by port Ingress and Egress total bandwidth rate control capacity The bandwidth rate resolution is 0 1 Mbps 100Kbps and ranges from 0 to 100Mbps 38 3 5 Virtual LAN What is a VLAN It is a subset of a LAN Before we discuss VLAN we must understand what LAN is In general a LAN is composed of different physical network segments bridged by switches or bridges which attach to end stations in the same broadcast domain The traffic can reach any station on the same LAN Beyond this domain the traffic cannot go without router s help This also implies that a LAN is limited If you need to communicate with the station outside the LAN a router is needed which always lies on the edge of the LAN For a layer 2 VLAN it assumes it is a logical subset of a physical LAN separated by specific rules such as tag port MAC address and so on In other words they can communicate with each other between separated small physical LANs within a LAN but can not be between any two separated logical LANs Mini Computer en o iadi TT n A y fe Ethernet Switch i LS A IE Es 3 T ae i Switch Pri nter Workstation Fig 3 7 In the figure above all stations are within the same broadc
53. e is 1k 1024k per second 79 Multicast Rate To enable the Multicast Storm capability User can use drop down menu to select number of frames Default is No Limit The setting range is 1k 1024k per second Flooded unicast Rate To enable the Flooded unicast Storm capability User can use drop down menu to select number of frames Default is No Limit The setting range is 1k 1024k per second NOTE After completing the function s setting press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken effect SO 4 2 15 SNMP Any Network Management System NMS running the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP can manage the Managed devices equipped with SNMP agent provided that the Management Information Base MIB is installed correctly on the managed devices The SNMP is a protocol that is used to govern the transfer of information between SNMP manager and agent and traverses the Object Identity OID of the management Information Base MIB described in the form of SMI syntax SNMP agent is running on the switch to response the request issued by SNMP manager Basically it is passive except issuing the trap information The switch supports a switch to turn on or off the SNMP agent If you set the field SNMP Enable SNMP agent will be started up All supported MIB OIDs including RMON MIB can be accessed via SNMP manager If the field SNMP is set Disable SNMP agent will be de activated the related Community Name T
54. eb Smart Switch default IP address information 2 Run web browser and follow the menu Please refer to Chapter 4 15 Please enter password to login lt tC Fig 2 7 the Login Screen for Web 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment For IP address configuration there are three parameters needed to be filled in They are IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway and DNS IP address The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication lts address structure looks is shown in the Fig 2 8 It is classful because it is split into predefined address classes or categories Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bits address Each IP address comprises two parts network identifier address and host identifier address The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides and the latter indicates the individual host in the network which the address of host refers to And the host identifier must be unique in the same LAN Here the term of IP address we used is version 4 known as IPv4 32 bits a gt Network identifier Host identifier Fig 2 8 IP address structure 16 With the classful addressing it divides IP address into three classes class A class B and class C The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is den
55. g 4 7 Port Based VLAN Configuration 57 Add Group Create a new port based VLAN or tag based VLAN which depends on the VLAN mode you choose in VLAN mode function Configuration System Information Ports VLAN Mode VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RST o o IGMP Snooping Porta a Port 15 ir EN E Filter gt a Storm Control ee Po rt1o E SNMP B Colo GEO Statistics Overview Porto E Port 21 la Detailed Statistics Po ae of EER a LACP Status RSTP Status Port 11 a Port 23 E IGMP Status ao 1 Po 24 fe Ping Select All Apply Refresh Warm Restart Fig 4 8 Add or Remove VLAN Member Delete Group Just tick the check box E beside the ID then press the lt Delete gt button to delete the group Configuration A System Information z Port Based VLAN Configuration Add a VLAN VLAN Group RSTP 802 1X Add IGMP Snooping VLAN Configuration List Rate Limit EEEE cod B 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 SNMP A oa Fig 4 9 Port Based VLAN Configuration 58 59 4 2 5 Aggregation The Aggregation Port Trunking Configuration is used to configure the settings of Link Aggregation You can bundle ports by same speed MAC and full duplex to be a single logical port thus the logical port can aggregate the bandwidth of these ports This means you can apply your current Ether
56. h Division Multiplexing WDM technology that transports bi directional full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously e Key Features in the Device Qos The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports 802 1p VLAN tag priority and DSCP on Layer 3 of network framework VLAN Supports Port based VLAN IEEE802 1Q Tag VLAN And supports 24 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1 4094 Port Trunking Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group by the static setting 1 2 Checklist Before you start installing the switch verify that the package contains the following A24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch Modules optional Mounting Accessory for 19 Rack Shelf This User s Manual in CD ROM AC Power Cord Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items is missing or damaged 1 3 Features The 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch a standalone off the shelf switch provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network e Hardware 20 10 100 1000Mbps Auto negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports 4 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense 400KB on chip frame buffer Jumbo frame support Programmable classifier for QoS Layer 2 Layer 3 8K MAC address and support VLAN ID 1 4094 Per port shaping policing and Broa
57. heck box IM beside the port x to enable RSTP protocol then press the lt Apply gt button to apply Edge Just tick the check box IM beside the port x to enable edge function Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port It is assigned according to the speed of the bridge The slower the media the higher the cost user can select auto or set the rage from 1 to 200000000 RSTP System Configuration System Priority 22768 Hello Time a Mas Age 20 Forward Delay hs Force version EST RSTP Port Configuration 3 Path Coast A AAA mw Jauto gt o lfauto mw Jams gt o continue ttt i o apa DE o N 23 n gt e leae 22 mm e E om lee aa im feao 4 Uy Oy Py ia Fig 4 12 RSTP Configuration 63 4 2 8 802 1X 802 1x port based network access control provides a method to restrict users to access network resources via authenticating user s information This restricts users from gaining access to the network resources through a 802 1x enabled port without authentication If a user wishes to touch the network through a port under 802 1x control he she must firstly input his her account name for authentication and waits for gaining authorization before sending or receiving any packets from a 802 1x enabled port Before the devices or end stations can access the network resources through the ports
58. horized Link Dorn Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics Force authorized Force Authorized z Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics Force Authorized Force Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics Force Authorized z Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Statistics Force authorized Force Authorized eN re autenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics Force Authorized Force Authorized Link Dorn Re authenticate Force Reinitialize Statistics room Link Down Re authenticate Force Reinitialize Statistics Force Authorized Force Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics 11 Force Authorized z Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Statistics Force authorized Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reinitialize Statistics q _ 05 ooo __ A ur 2 gt z gt zO AAA ene _ _____Q___ A Port LL y D i E Force Authorized y Force Authorized Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Statistics 2 Force Authorized y Force Authorized gt Link Down Re authenticate authenticate Force Reinitialize Reiniti
59. ic tree Function name RSTP System Configuration Function description This screen is used to display the RSTP system configuration and set the need of parameters Parameter description System Priority System priority is used in determining the root switch root port and designated port The switch with the highest priority lowest numeric value becomes the STP root switch If all switches have the same priority the switch with the lowest MAC address will then become the root switch Select a vale from the drop down list box The lower the numeric value you assign the higher the priority for this system Default 32768 Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU configuration message generations by the root switch The allowed range is 1 to 10 seconds Default 2 Max Age This is the maximum time a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds Default 20 Forward Delay This is the maximum time in seconds a switch will wait before changing states The general rule 2 Forward Delay 1 gt Max Age gt 2 Hello Time 1 Default 15 Force version Select RSTP or STP protocol from the drop down list box 62 Function name RSTP Port Configuration Function description Enable or disable RSTP protocol on the ports that are selected and set path cost Parameter description Protocol Enabled Just tick the c
60. ich has the value of 01 80 c2 00 00 03 and will not be forwarded by MAC bridge at any time Authentication server A device provides authentication service through EAP to an authenticator by using authentication credentials supplied by the supplicant to determine if the supplicant is authorized to access the network resource The overview of operation flow for the Fig 4 13 is quite simple When Supplicant PAE issues a request to Authenticator PAE Authenticator and Supplicant exchanges authentication message Then Authenticator passes the request to RADIUS server to verify Finally RADIUS server replies if the request is granted or denied 64 While in the authentication process the message packets encapsulated by Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN EAPOL are exchanged between an authenticator PAE and a supplicant PAE The Authenticator exchanges the message to authentication server using EAP encapsulation Before successfully authenticating the supplicant can only touch the authenticator to perform authentication message exchange or access the network from the uncontrolled port supplicant s uthentication System rver s System gt Services Offered Controlled port Uncontrolled port I I I I 1 1 t Pon Authorize I 1 az MAC Enable LAN 1 i l i 1 l i l 1 i i i i I 1 I i Supplicant i y by Authenticator Authenticator Authentication i PAE
61. ific services indicated by C R bit command or response The DSAP and SSAP pair with some reserved values indicates some well known services listed in the table below 0xo606 IP ARP Table 3 2 LLC type 1 connectionless service LLC type 2 connection oriented service and LLC type 3 acknowledge connectionless service are three types of LLC frame for all classes of service In Fig 3 2 it shows the format of Service Access Point SAP Please refer to IEEE802 2 for more details 23 DS AP S5AP addrass field address field LSB of address 5 Least sig nificant bit Least significant bit of address fields delivered to received from the MAC sublayer G 0 Individual DSAP G 1 Group DSAP Fig 3 2 SAP Format i Command Response CR CIR XODDDODO OSAP address ROSSSSSS SSAP address MIDCDDDDD Reserved for SO definition MISSSS85 Reserved for SO definition 3 2 Media Access Control MAC MAC Addressing Because LAN is composed of many nodes for the data exchanged among these nodes each node must have its own unique address to identify who should send the data or should receive the data In OSI model each layer provides its own mean to identify the unique address in some form for example IP address in network layer The MAC is belonged to Data Link Layer Layer 2 the address is defined to be a 48 bit long and locally unique address Since this type of address is applied only to the Ethernet LAN media a
62. in NMS 2x1000Mb s 4x 100Mb s mn A O 2x1000Mb s 2x 1000Mb s f A g O 2x 100Mb s _2x 100Mb s 4 x 100Mb s 2x 100Mb sdD 7 gt 2x100Mb s be 22 x 100Mb s P 10Mb s 2x 100Mb s 10Mb s 10Mb s Fig 3 10 Example of Link Aggregation Application 46 4 Operation of Web based Management This chapter would introduce how to manage your Web Smart Switch and how to configure the 10 100 1000Mbps TP Ports and Gigabit TP SFP Fiber dual media ports on the switch via web user interfaces Web Smart Switch provides 20 fixed Gigabit Ethernet TP ports and 4 optional Gigabit dual media ports With this facility you can easily access and monitor the status like MIBs port activity and multicast traffic through any ports on the switch The default values of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch are listed in the table below IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Table 4 1 When the configuration of your Web Smart Switch is finished you can browse it by the IP address you set up For instance type http 192 168 1 1 in the address row in a browser then the following screen see Fig 4 1 would show up and ask for your password input for login and access authentication The default password is admin For the first time access please enter the default password and click lt Apply gt button The login process no
63. ion please also see the Section 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment in this manual Default 255 255 255 0 Fallback Gateway Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not meet the routing rules predefined in the device If a packet does not meet the criteria for other pre defined path it must be forwarded to a default router on a default path This means any packet with undefined IP address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally Default 192 168 1 254 Management VLAN Show the management VLAN number Password Set a password for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character is acceptable Default admin Inactivity Timeout secs Set the auto logout timer The valid value is O 60 in the unit of minute and a decimal point is not allowed The value O means auto logout timer is disabled Default O 53 4 2 2 Port Configuration Function name Port Configuration Function description Port Configuration is applied for the settings of the ports on the switch By this function you can set or reset the values for Mode and Flow Control Parameter description Enable Jumbo Frames This function support jumbo frames of up to 9600 bytes Just tick the check box M to enable it Default disable Link Show link status of this port Mode Set the speed and duplex of the port If the media is 1Gbps fiber there are three modes to
64. ission schedule padding bits for short frame The rest functions follow the specification of IEEE802 3 For example it must meet the requirement of minimum inter frame gap between successive frames and frame format the same as that in the half duplex operation Because no collision will happen in full duplex operation for sure there is no mechanism to tell all the involved devices What will it be if receiving device is busy and a frame is coming at the same time Can it use backpressure to tell the source device A function flow control is introduced in the full duplex operation 31 3 3 Flow Control Flow control is a mechanism to tell the source device stopping sending frame for a specified period of time designated by target device until the PAUSE time expires This is accomplished by sending a PAUSE frame from target device to source device When the target is not busy and the PAUSE time is expired it will send another PAUSE frame with zero time to wait to source device After the source device receives the PAUSE frame it will again transmit frames immediately PAUSE frame is identical in the form of the MAC frame with a pause time value and with a special destination MAC address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 As per the specification PAUSE operation can not be used to inhibit the transmission of MAC control frame Normally in 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet only symmetric flow control is supported However some switches e g 24 Port GbE Web
65. net equipments to build the bandwidth aggregation For example if three Fast Ethernet ports are aggregated into a logical port then this logical port s bandwidth would be as three times high as a single Fast Ethernet port s Function name Aggregation Configuration Function description Display the current setup of Aggregation Trunking With this function user is allowed to add a new trunking group or modify the members of an existed trunking group Parameter description Normal Set up the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Group the ports you choose together Up to 12 ports can be selected for each group SEE Aggregation Trunking Configuration System Information GroupiPort 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9l10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 RE Normal olololololololololololololololo a Group1 Olololo olololololololololololololololo LACP Group 2 RSTP 802 1X Group 3 IGMP Snooping Mirror 3 Group 4 Qos Filter Group 5 Rate Limit Storm Control Group 6 SNMP Group 7 Statistics Overview Group 8 Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status Refresh Fig 4 10 Aggregation Trunking Configuration 60 4 2 6 LACP Smart Web Switch supports link aggregation IEEE802 3ad standard The standard describes Link Aggregate Control Protocol LACP which dynamically creates and manages trunk groups When you enable LACP link aggregation on a port the port can autom
66. network that can communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using The switch supports both port based VLAN and tag based VLAN They are different in practical deployment especially in physical location The following diagram shows how it works and what the difference they are CaseZa Port based VLAN See Fig 2 3 Fig 2 3 Port based VLAN Diagram 1 The same VLAN members could not be in different switches 2 Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other 3 The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups at one switch 12 Case 2b Port based VLAN See Fig 2 4 Fig 2 4 Port based VLAN Diagram VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2 VLAN3 and VLAN4 members 2 VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN4 members 3 VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1 VLAN2 and VLAN4 4 VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN2 members Case3a The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID See Fig 2 5 Fig 2 5 Attribute based VLAN Diagram 13 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch In the way of web user is allowed to startup the switch management function Users can use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch You can touch them through the following
67. nnnnrnnnonnrnronnnrnnnnnns 23 31 VUES the Ethernet nio tddi artos ones 23 3 2 Media Access Control MAC occoonncnccconncoccccncccnoconnonanonnononnnnnnnnnnnonannnnononrnnononnnnnonanoss 26 O Or FIOW C ON Moluscos isa 32 3 4 How does a switch Work ooocccccoocconoconcnnconoconconanonononcnnononcnnnonnrnnnonnnrnnonnnrnnnnnrnnnonanennss 35 O20 VINCE LAN ardid 39 SD EINK AGOGO G ANION tii sa 45 4 Operation of Web based Management ccccseecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeeseaneeessaneees 47 4 1 Web Management Home OvervieW ooccccccoccncccoccnnoconccnconononnononcnnnnnnnnnnnnnncnnnnnrnnonnanennos 48 AL CONQUE a sage cde o 50 4 2 te System COntigqura ON li Aras 51 4 2 2 POMS EG OMIgUralON da da ida 54 4 2 3 VLAN Mode ConfiguratiON ccccccocnccccnnoncconcnncononnnnonnnnnnnnnnnononannnnonnnnnnnnnannnnnnnns 55 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration cccccccsesceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeesaeeeeesaaeees 57 NS A A 60 eS NO A O Mean eo A 61 A A A A TA 62 O A A A 64 E A eee eee ee ot ee 71 42210 Mirror Configuration circos 72 4 2 11 QoS Quality of Service Configuration coocccccconnnnccnoncncononcnnnnnncnnnnnncnnonanennnnnos 73 Ad Wad m Ee e A 76 ze RAS lil tio boa 78 o sc ssctestoensSecelore a a agen nedeu ee e oosetinsiens 79 ALO SONME a oe setaecedaskrce E ENa E ste seandenesseavsantcodesntetoieste scons 81 AS IVIOMILOUING ur a a EEEE a R eE EE a TREES 83 A R SlAllStiGS O
68. nsfer Logout oe Timeout 0 6010000 Ser Fig 4 2 48 The Information of Page Layout On the top part of the information page it shows the front panel of the switch Linked ports will be displayed in green color and linked off ones will be in black For the optional modules the slots with no module will only show covered plates the other slots with installed modules would present modules The images of modules would depend on the ones you insert Vice versa if ports are disconnected they will show just in black On the left side the main menu tree for web is listed in the page According to the function name in boldface all functions can be divided into three parts including Configuration Monitoring and Maintenance The functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively As to the function names in normal type are the sub functions When clicking it the function is performed The following list is the main function tree for web user interface Configuration Monitoring Maintenance 49 4 2 Configuration Configuration includes the following functions System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror QoS Filter Rate Limit Storm Control and SNMP Configuration System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN
69. o see if the destination ports are members of the same VLAN If both are members of the tagged VLAN then the packet will be forwarded If the packet is an untagged or a null tag packet the ingress ports PVID is applied to the packet VLAN bridge will then look up the MAC address table and determine to which ports the packet should be forwarded Next it will check to see if the destination ports belong to the same VLAN with that PVID If the destination ports are members of the VLAN used by ingress port the packet will be forwarded Note VID can not be 0 or 4095 42 Ingress Rule Each packet received by a VLAN aware bridge will be classified to a VLAN The classification rule is described as follows 1 If the VID of the packet is null VID VID 0 or this packet is an untagged packet a If there are still some other ways e g protocol MAC address application IP subnet etc to classify the incoming packets beside port based classification in implement and these approaches can offer non zero VID then use the value of VID offered by other classifications for VLAN s classification b If there is only port based classification in implement or other classification approaches cannot offer non zero VID for the incoming packets then assign the PVID to the incoming packets as VID for the classification of the VLAN group 2 If the VID is not a null VID VID 0 then use the value to classify the VLAN group Egress Rule An egress
70. oad distribution and failover function Supports port sniffer function Programmable maximum Ethernet frame length of range from 1518 to 9600 bytes jumbo frame Supports port based VLAN 802 1Q tag based VLAN Efficient self learning and address recognition mechanism enables forwarding rate at wire speed 101 Hardware Specifications Standard Compliance IEEE802 3 802 3ab 802 3z 802 3u 802 3x Network Interface Configuration Mode Connector Port 10 100 1000Mbps Gigabit TP NWay TP RJ 45 1 24 1000Base SX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX e 22 23 24 Option 1000Base LX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX a E 22 23 24 Option 1000Base LX Single Fiber WDM BiDi 1000 FDX a aa Port 21 22 23 24 are TP SFP fiber dual media ports with auto detected function Optional SFP module supports LC or BiDi transceiver Transmission Mode 10 100Mbps support full or half duplex 1000Mbps support full duplex only Transmission Speed 10 100 1000Mbps for TP 1000Mbps for Fiber Full Forwarding Filtering Packet Rate PPS packets per second Forwarding Rate Speed 1 488 000PPS _1000Mbps 14 880PPS 40Mbps MAC Address and Self learning 8K MAC address Buffer Memory Embedded 400 KB frame buffer Flow Control 1EEE802 3x compliant for full duplex Backpressure flow control for half duplex Cable and Maximum Length Cat 5 UTP cable up to 100m Up to 220 275 500 550m 10005496S which depends on Mul
71. ode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber with single mode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber with BiDi 1310nm SFP module Gigabit Fiber with BiDi 1550nm SFP module The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not listed here are available upon request Multi mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth Multi mode 62 5 125um Multi mode 50 125um Modal Distance Modal Distance Bandwidth Bandwidth 160MHz Km 400MHz Km 500m 200MHz Km 500MHz Km 550m Single mode Fiber 9 125um Single mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km Single mode transceiver 1550nm 30 50Km Single Mode X Transmit 1310nm 20Km RX Receive 1550nm Single Fiber BIDI Single Mode TX Transmit 1550nm 20Km RX Receive 1310nm Table2 1 10 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in Topology e Takes the Delay Time into Account Theoretically the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading that you may up link the switches unlimitedly In practice the network extension cascading levels 4 overall diameter must follow the constraint of the IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3z and other 802 1 series protocol specifications in which the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802 3 series specification of Media Access Control MAC and PHY and timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802 1d 802 1q LACP and so on The fiber TP cables and devices bit time delay round trip are as follows 1000Base X TP Fibe
72. on Default disable Router Ports Just tick the check box MI beside the port x to enable router ports then press the lt Apply gt button to start up Default none Unregistered IGMP Flooding enabled Just tick the check box IM to enable this function Default enable VLAN ID At the IGMP Enable mode being selected it will list the VLAN ID number IGMP Snooping Enabled After IGMP Enabled function start up then user can tick the check box IM to enable this function Default enable IGMP Querying Enabled After IGMP Enabled function start up then user can tick the check box IM to enable this function Default enable configuration E System Information k IGMP Configuration 10 20 20 40 60 60 20 20 20 00 10 20 10 40 0 wo 10 80 110 2021020 20 40 y VILA Ib Bak Control Apply Refresh Fig 4 19 IGMP Configuration 71 4 2 10 Mirror Configuration Function name Mirror Configuration Function description Mirror Configuration is provided to monitor the traffic in the network This switch supports one port mirror multi ports For example we assume that Port A and Port B are Source Ports and Port C is Mirror Port respectively thus the traffic passing through Port A and Port B will be copied to Port C for monitor purpose Parameter description Source Port Set up the port for being monitored Just tick the check box MI beside the port x and valid port is Port 1 24 Mirror Port
73. on name Ingress and Egress Bandwidth Setting Function description Ingress and Egress Bandwidth Setting function are used to set up the limit of Ingress or Egress bandwidth for each port Parameter description Ingress Set up the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port you choose Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field Pause frames are also generated if flow control is enabled The format of the packet limits to unicast broadcast and multicast Valid value of Port 1 24 ranges from 128 3968 kbps Default No Limit Egress Set up the limit of Egress bandwidth for the port you choose Outgoing traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field Pause frames are also generated if flow control is enabled The format of the packet limits to unicast broadcast and multicast Valid value of Port 1 24 ranges from 128 3968 kbps Default No Limit Configuration System Information os X Rate Limit Configuration VLAN Mode VLAN Group No Limit No Limit No Limit IGMP Snooping No Limit Mirror No Limit Qos Filter No Limt__ Y Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Factorv Default i No Limit No Limit
74. oted as IP address X for example 192 168 1 0 24 Each class has its address range described below Class A Address is less than 126 255 255 255 There are a total of 126 networks can be defined because the address 0 0 0 0 is reserved for default route and 127 0 0 0 8 is reserved for loopback function Bit 01 78 31 Network address Host address Class B IP address range between 128 0 0 0 and 191 255 255 255 Each class B network has a 16 bit network prefix followed 16 bit host address There are 16 384 2214 16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 216 2 hosts per network Bit 012 15 16 31 ee Network address Host address Class C IP address range between 192 0 0 0 and 223 255 255 255 Each class C network has a 24 bit network prefix followed 8 bit host address There are 2 097 152 2421 24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 248 2 hosts per network Bit 012 3 23 24 31 Network address Host address Class D and E Class D is a class with first 4 MSB Most significance bit set to 1 1 1 0 and is used for IP Multicast See also RFC 1112 Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set to 1 1 1 1 and is used for IP broadcast According to IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network We call it Private IP address and list below Class A 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 Class B 172 16 0 0 172 31
75. oups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It Calculate the number of times of IGMPV3 report V2 Leaves When a host leaves a group it sends a leave group membership message to multicast routers on the network it show the leaves number 9 Configuration amp System Information IGMP Status ni VEE anme ni id ai artn is as VLAN Group transmitted received Reports Reports Reports Leaves Aggregation Idle 0 0 0 0 0 0 LACP RSTP 802 1X cra IGMP Snooping Mirror Qos Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Fig 4 32 IGMP Status 4 3 6 Ping Status Function name Ping Status Function description To set up target IP address for ping function and display ping status In Fig 4 30 the window shows the ping information Parameter description Ping Parameters Target IP address Set up a Target IP address to ping Count Use drop down menu to set number of echo requests to send Four type of number can choose there are 1 5 10 and 20 Default 1 Time Out in secs Use drop down menu to set number of echo requests time out in second Four type numbers can choose there are 1 5 10 and 20 Default 1 NOTE All the functions should press lt Apply gt button to start up after you set up
76. procedures Section 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port 14 2 1 3 1 Management through Ethernet Port There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch s Ethernet port They are Web browser and SNMP manager We just introduce the first type of management interface Web based Ul for the switch is an interface in a highly friendly way 24 PORT GBE WEB SMART SWITCH Default IP Setting IP 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 1 5 T z io a a 7 e H A 1 EAS A i 4 BFF CIA f j ee aaa a Pte tee hea ae E MICA e tonal o ir us a i a s 7 tm ooi pape 73 a en Ba wo 30 A 30 13 ta 18 Assign a reasonable IP address For example IP 192 168 1 100 ee ees Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 al Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 A i a ee ee 1 Fig 2 6 e Managing 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port Before start using the switch the IP address setting of the switch should be done then perform the following steps 1 Setup a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat 5 cable with RJ 45 connector Note If PC directly connects to the switch you have to setup the same subnet mask between them But subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site Please refer to Fig 2 6 about the 24 Port GbE W
77. r 100Base TX TP 100Base FX Fiber Round trip Delay 4096 Round trip Delay 512 Cat 5 TP Wire 11 12 m Cat 5 TP Wire 11 12 m Fiber Cable Fiber Cable 10 10 m TP to fiber Converter 56 Bit Time unit 1ns 1sec 1000 Mega bit Bit Time unit 0 01us 1sec 100 Mega bit Table 2 2 Sum up all elements bit time delay and the overall bit time delay of wires devices must be within Round Trip Delay bit times in a half duplex network segment collision domain For full duplex operation this will not be applied You may use the TP Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the long haul connection e Typical Network Topology in Deployment A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing delay between server and client station Basically with this approach it will minimize the number of switches in any one path will lower the possibility of network loop and will improve network efficiency If more than two switches are connected in the same network select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2 Server Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied Il Case1 All switch ports are in the same local area network Every port can access each other See Fig 2 2 Fig 2 2 No VLAN Configuration Diagram If VLAN is enabled and configured each node in the
78. r whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on even modules as well After the power is on all LED indicators will light up and then all off except the power LED still keeps on This represents a reset of the system e Firmware Loading After resetting the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory It will take about 30 seconds after that the switch will flash all the LED once and automatically performs self test and is in ready state 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance good please take a care on the cabling requirement Cables with worse specification will render the LAN to work poorly 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports gt For Fast Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters Cat 5e is recommended 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber media Basically there are two categories of fiber multi mode MM and single mode SM The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports They are SX LX LHX XD and ZX From the viewpoint of connector type there mainly are LC and BIDI Gigabit Fiber with multi m
79. rames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Rx CRC Alignment Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received Rx Undersize Number of short frames lt 64 Bytes with valid CRC Rx Oversize 86 Number of long frames according to max_length register with valid CRC Rx Fragments Number of short frames lt 64 bytes with invalid CRC Rx Jabber Number of long frames according tomax_length register with invalid CRC Rx Drops Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer Tx Collisions Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Tx Drops Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision late collision or frame aging Tx Overflow Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer TADA Statistics for Port 1 System Information Ps clear Refresh VLANs VLAN Mode VLAN Group aa j 33215 EL 21520 Rx Odtets O o 3390475 y 5121779 IGMP Snooping Rx High Priority Packets E 1x High Priority Packets i ro Low Priority Packets _ Rx Broadcast ECT Seine Rx Multicast A o Storm Control Rx Broad and Multicast 027th SNMP Rx Error Packets A CET pesar R
80. rap Host IP Address Trap and all MIB counters will be ignored Function name SNMP Configuration Function description This function is used to configure SNMP settings community name trap host and public traps as well as the throttle of SNMP A SNMP manager must pass the authentication by identifying both community names then it can access the MIB information of the target device So both parties must have the same community name Once completing the setting click lt Apply gt button the setting takes effect Parameters description SNMP enable The term SNMP enable here is used for the activation or de activation of SNMP Default is Disable Get Set Trap Community Community name is used as password for authenticating if the requesting network management unit belongs to the same community group If they both don t have the same community name they don t belong to the same group Hence the requesting network management unit can not access the device with different community name via SNMP protocol If they both have the same community name they can talk each other Community name is user definable with a maximum length of 15 characters and is case sensitive There is not allowed to put any blank in the community name string Any printable character is allowable The community name for each function works independently Each function has its own community name Say the community name for Read only works for Read function an
81. rrange 0 7 priorities priorities can map to 4 queues of the switch low normal medium high and possess different bandwidth distribution according to your weight setting Parameter description 802 1p Priority Mapping Each Priority can select any of Queue In Default Priority O is mapping to Queue normal Priority 1 is mapping to Queue low Priority 2 is mapping to Queue low Priority 3 is mapping to Queue normal mapping to Queue medium Priority 5 is mapping to Queue medium Priority 6 is mapping to Queue high and Priority O is mapping to Queue high 4 System Information Ports VLANs VLAN Mode VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror Qos Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview QoS Configuration QoS Mode 802 1p Custom y 802 1p Configuration 302 1p 802 1p 802 1p 2 1p AAA ASA normal 3 low normal x 4 medium 4 5 a 6 a 7 high v Apply Cancel Fig 4 22 802 1p Setting 74 Priority 4 is Function name DSCP Setting Function description In the late 1990s the IETF redefined the meaning of the 8 bit SERVICE TYPE field to accommodate a set of differentiated services DS Under the differentiated services interpretation the first six bits comprise a codepoint which is sometimes abbreviated DSCP and the last two bits are left unused DSCP can form total 64 0 63 kinds of Traffic Class based on the arrangement of 6 bi
82. rt Status Factorv Default w Detailed Statistics z gt z F ACP Status o Forwarding Pon Ba p on forwarding by RSTP Number is Partner port number if other switch has Fig 4 30 LACP Status 8 4 3 4 RSTP Status Function name RSTP Status Function description Display RSTP status Fig 4 28 shows you that RSTP window can present VLAN bridge information and the status of all ports Parameter description RSTP VLAN Bridge Overview VLAN Id Show the VLAN Id Bridge ld Show this switch s current bridge priority setting and bridge ID which stands for the MAC address of this switch Hello Time Show the current hello time of the root bridge Hello time is a time interval specified by root bridge used to request all other bridges periodically sending hello message every hello time seconds to the bridge attached to its designated port Max Age Show the root bridge s current max age time Fwd Delay Show the root bridge s forward delay time Topology Show the root bridge s spanning tree topology Root Id Show root bridge ID of this network segment If this switch is a root bridge the This switch is Root will show this switch s bridge ID 89 System Information Ports VLANs VLAN Mode VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror Qos Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics LACP Status Maintenance Warm Restart Factorv
83. s IP with IP mask is allowed to login to this switch and manage it And only those received IP packets containing the configured source network address are not filtered and can be forwarded by the switch Note In this mode the received packets are filtered except the IP packets with configured source network address For examples 1 IP Address 192 168 3 2 IP Mask 255 255 255 0 Network address 192 168 3 x 254 IP Addresses can be forwarded on the port 2 IP Address 192 168 3 2 IP Mask 255 255 255 255 Only IP 192 168 3 2 can be forwarded on the port DHCP Allow the IP Address got from DHCP server can login to this switch and manage it And only the IP packets contained the source IP are allowed to forward through the switch IP Address Setting up the IP Address it can be one IP Address or a LAN IP Mask Setting up the IP Subnet Mask related with the IP Address 76 DHCP Server Allowed Just tick the check box WJ under the port x to allow the DHCP Server on this port and valid port is Port 1 16 Default enable Filter Configuration Source IP Filter DHCP Server Mode TE IP Mask as 4 Disabled v 5 Disabled 6 Disabled v 7 Disabled 8 Disabled v 9 Disabled v 10 Disabled v 11 Disabled Y 12 Disabled v 13 Disabled Y Fig 4 24 Filter Configuration K i IMAN E IIH 77 4 2 13 Rate Limit Functi
84. s an independent LAN segment and thus has 26 LAN segments and 26 collision domains contrast to the traditional shared Ethernet HUB in which all ports share the same media and use the same collision domain and thus limit the bandwidth utilization With switch s separated collision domain it can extend the LAN diameter farther than the shared HUB does and highly improve the efficiency of the traffic transmission Due to the architecture the switch can provide full duplex operation to double the bandwidth per port and many other features such as VLAN bandwidth aggregation and so on not able to be supported in a shared hub Terminology Separate Access Domains As per the description in the section of What s the Ethernet Ethernet utilizes CSMA CD to arbitrate who can transmit data to the station s attached in the LAN When more than one station transmits data within the same slot time the signals will collide referred to as collision The arbitrator will arbitrate who should gain the media The arbitrator is a distributed mechanism in which all stations contend to gain the media Please refer to What s the Ethernet for more details In Fig 3 5 assumed in half duplex you will see some ports of the switch are linked to a shared HUB which connects many hosts and some ports just are individually linked to a single host The hosts attached to a shared hub will be in the same collision domain separated by the switch and use CSMA
85. sceiver e Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis The optional SFP modules are hot swappable so you can plug or unplug it before or after powering on 1 Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis 2 Slide the module along the slot Also be sure that the module is properly seated against the slot socket connector 3 Install the media cable for network connection 4 Repeat the above steps as needed for each module to be installed into slot s 5 Have the power ON after the above procedures are done TP Port and Cable Installation gt In the switch TP port supports MDI MDI X auto crossover so both types of cable straight through Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 1 2 3 6 in 10 100M TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in Gigabit TP and crossed over Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 3 6 1 2 can be used It means you do not have to tell from them just plug it gt Use Cat 5 grade RJ 45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the other end is connected to a network aware device such as a workstation or a server gt Repeat the above steps as needed for each RJ 45 port to be connected to a Gigabit 10 100 1000 TP device Now you can start having the switch in operation e Power On The switch supports 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz power supply The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power lt does not matte
86. se the existed filtering database For a specified VLAN when a MAC address is learned by a switch VLAN will use this formation to make forwarding decision Filtering Database Referred to as FID It can provide the information where the packet will be sent to Filtering database will supply the outgoing port according to the request from forwarding process with VID and DA When a packet is received if it has a non zero VID then FID will offer the associated outgoing ports information to the packet In SVL VLANs use the same Filtering Database In IVL VLANs use different FIDs Any VID can be assigned to the same FID by administrator 43 How does a Tagged VLAN work If the ingress filtering is enabled and when a packet is received VLAN bridge will first check if the VID of the packet presents 1 If the packet has a non zero VID VLAN bridge will apply this VID as the VLAN ID of the packet in the network 2 For a packet with null tag or no VLAN tag if VLAN bridge provides rules to decide its VID then apply this VID to the packet If VLAN bridge does not support any rule for VID then apply the PVID of the port to the packet which came from that port VLAN bridge checks to see if the ingress port and the received packet are on the same VLAN If not drops it If yes forwards it to the associated ports Meanwhile this VLAN must be applied to the egress port or the packet will be dropped If ingress filtering is disabled
87. stead continues transmitting until the rest bits specified by jamSize are completely transmitted This guarantees the duration of collision is enough to have all involved devices able to detect the collision This is referred to as Jamming After jamming pattern is sent MAC stops transmitting the rest data queued in the buffer and waits for a random period of time known as backoff time with the following formula When backoff time expires the device goes back to the state of attempting to transmit frame The backoff time is determined by the formula below When the times of collision is increased the backoff time is getting long until the collision times excess 16 If this happens the frame will be discarded and backoff time will also be reset Oor lt 2k where k min n 10 32 Frame Reception In essence the frame reception is the same in both operations of half duplex and full duplex except that full duplex operation uses two buffers to transmit and receive the frame independently The receiving node always listens if there is traffic running over the medium when it is not receiving a frame When a frame destined for the target device comes the receiver of the target device begins receiving the bit stream and looks for the PRE Preamble pattern and Start of Frame Delimiter SFD that indicates the next bit is the starting point of the MAC frame until all bit of the frame is received For a received frame the MAC will che
88. t a many to many connectivity in the LANs is provided It provides a mean to send a frame to many network devices at a time When all bit of DA is 1s it is a broadcast which means all network device except the sender itself can receive the frame and response Ethernet Frame Format There are two major forms of Ethernet frame type encapsulation and length encapsulation both of which are categorized as four frame formats 802 3 802 2 SNAP 802 3 802 2 Ethernet Il and Netware 802 3 RAW We will introduce the basic Ethernet frame format defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard required for all MAC implementations It contains seven fields explained below Type Length Pad bit if any FCS 7 7 6 6 2 46 1500 Fig 3 3 Ethernet frame structure Preamble PRE The PRE is 7 byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros used to tell the receiving node that a frame is coming and to synchronize the physical receiver with the incoming bit stream The preamble pattern is 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 Start of frame delimiter SFD The SFD is one byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros ending with two consecutive 1 bits It immediately follows the preamble and uses the last two consecutive 1s bit to indicate that the next bit is the start of the data packet and the left most bit in the left most byte of the destination address The SFD pattern is 10101011 Destination address DA
89. t field in DSCP of the IP packet allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to any of queue low normal medium high Parameter description DSCP Priority Mapping 64 kinds of priority traffic as mentioned above user can set up any of Queue low normal medium high In default Priority 0 63 are mapping to Queue high Configuration s System Information Ports VLANs VLAN Mode VLAN Group Aggregation LACP RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror Qos Filter Rate Limit Storm Control SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping J Warm Restart E Default Fig 4 23 DSCP Setting 75 In the switch user is QoS Configuration Qesmode ose D A All High Priority Mi DSCP Configuration DSCP Value 0 63 high y high v high y high Y high v All others high high high v 4 2 12 Filter Function name Filter Configuration Function description This function lets administrators easily set management source IP addresses to the ports on the switch Press lt Apply gt button to make change take effect Parameter description Source IP Filter Mode There are three types of mode in this drop down menu Default is disabled Disabled Allow all IP network addresses to login to this switch and manage it Static Only the configured IP network addres
90. the parameters Ping Results 92 Target IP address Show the active target IP address Status Show the result of the ping status Received replies Show the received replies number of times Request timeouts Show the timeout of request Average Response times In ms Show the average response time in milliseconds Ping Parameters Forset Padres om E Time Out in sos E Storm Control SNMP Ping Results ae CE 9 0 9 0 a Test complete Received replies OM Request timeouts O Average Response Time nms MS Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer Logout Y Fig 4 33 Ping 93 4 4 Maintenance There are five functions contained in the maintenance function Maintenance Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer Logout 94 4 4 1 Warm Restart Web Smart Switch offers many approaches to reboot your switch such as power up hardware reset and software reset You can press RESET button in the front panel of your switch to reset the device and to retrieve default settings After upgrading software you have to reboot the device to have new configuration take effect The function being discussed here is software reset Function name Warm Restart Function description Reboot the switch Reboot takes the same effect as the RESET button on the front panel of the switch Press lt Yes gt button to confirm
91. thorized state So the access is blocked in this stage Initiating a session Either authenticator or supplicant can initiate the message exchange If supplicant initiates the process it sends EAPOL start packet to the authenticator PAE and authenticator will immediately respond EAP Request Identity packet The authenticator always periodically sends EAP Request Identity to the supplicant for requesting the identity it wants to be authenticated If the authenticator doesnt send EAP Request Identity the supplicant will initiate EAPOL Start the process by sending to the authenticator And next the Supplicant replies an EAP Response Identity to the authenticator The authenticator will embed the user ID into Radius Access Request command and send it to the authentication server for confirming its identity After receiving the Radius Access Request the authentication server sends Radius Access Challenge to the supplicant for asking for inputting user password via the authenticator PAE The supplicant will convert user password into the credential information perhaps in MD5 format and replies an EAP Response with this credential information as well as the specified authentication algorithm MD5 or OTP to Authentication server via the authenticator PAE As per the value of the type field in message PDU the authentication server knows which algorithm should be applied to authenticate the credential information EAP MD5 Message Digest 5
92. ti Mode Fiber type 1000Base LX Single Mode Fiber up to10 30 50Km 1000Base LX WDM BiDi Single Mode Single Fiber up to 20Km 102 Diagnostic LED system LED Power Per Port LED 10 100 1000M TP Port 1 to 24 LINK ACT 10 100 1000Mbps 1000M SFP Fiber Port 21 22 23 24 SFP LINK ACT Power Requirement AC Line Voltage 100 240 V Frequency 50 60 Hz Consumption 30W Ambient Temperature 0 to 50 C Humidity 5 to 90 Dimensions 44 H x 442 W x 209 D mm Comply with FCC Part 15 Class A amp CE Mark Approval 103 Management Software Specifications Auto negotiation support on 10 100Base TX ports Web browser can set transmission speed m nfiauration 10 100Mbps and operation mode Full Half system Configuratio duplex on each port enable disable any port set VLAN group set Trunk Connection R Port Base 802 1Q Tagged allowed up to 24 VLAN Function active VLANs in one switch Trunk Function Ports trunk connections allowed Bandwidth Control Supports by port Egress Ingress rate control Referred as Class of Service CoS by the Quality of Service QoS IEEE 802 1P standard Two queues per port Network Management Web browser support based on HTTP Server Note Any specification is subject to change without notice 104 Appendix B MIB Specifications MIB II Enterprise MIB brief description is listed as below PRIVATE GESM SW24L MIB DEFINITIONS BEGIN IMPORTS mib 2
93. ts for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch LED display area locating on the left side of the panel contains a Power LED which indicates the power status and 24 ports working status of the switch TP Port Status Indication LEDs Gigabit Ethernet Port SFP Fiber Port wee N E EE Se i aie al RESET Button RESET button is used to restore the system default setting Power Indication LED Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs Fig 1 2 Front View of 24 PORT GBE WEB SMART e LED Indicators LED Color Function System LED POWER 10 100 1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED LINK ACT Creen Lit when connection with remote device is good Blinks when any traffic is present Lit Green when TP link on 1000Mbps speed Green Lit Amber when TP link on 100Mbps speed 10 100 1000Mbps Amber Off when 10Mbps or no link occur Blinks when any traffic is present 1000SX LX Gigabit Fiber Port 21 22 23 24 LED Lit when SFP connection with remote device is SFP LINK ACT Green good Blinks when any traffic is present Table1 1 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel AC Line 100 240V 50 60 Hz MADE iii TAPA Ahi Fig 1 3 Rear View of 24 PORT GBE WEB SMART SWITCH 1 5 View of the Optional Modules In the switch Port 21 24 include two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi they support 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transcei
94. under 802 1x control the devices or end stations connected to a controlled port send the authentication request to the authenticator the authenticator pass the request to the authentication server to authenticate and verify and the server tell the authenticator if the request get the grant of authorization for the ports According to IEEE802 1x there are three components implemented They are Authenticator Supplicant and Authentication server shown in Fig 4 13 Supplicant It is an entity being authenticated by an authenticator It is used to communicate with the Authenticator PAE Port Access Entity by exchanging the authentication message when the Authenticator PAE request to it Authenticator An entity facilitates the authentication of the supplicant entity It controls the state of the port authorized or unauthorized according to the result of authentication message exchanged between it and a supplicant PAE The authenticator may request the supplicant to re authenticate itself at a configured time period Once start re authenticating the supplicant the controlled port keeps in the authorized state until re authentication fails A port acting as an authenticator is thought to be two logical ports a controlled port and an uncontrolled port A controlled port can only pass the packets when the authenticator PAE is authorized and otherwise an uncontrolled port will unconditionally pass the packets with PAE group MAC address wh
95. unting number of the packet received 83 Tx Errors Number of bad packets transmitted Rx Errors Number of bad packets received Ss Statistics Overview for all ports System Information Ports f Refresh VLANs VLAN Mode E SS E ee eel eae Geom 5083670 21357 3365327 32968 Aggregation 0 o 0 o ol IGMP Snooping 1 2 3 4 5 6 z 8 Rate Limit Storm Control Detailed Statistics LACP Status RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping Warm Restart Factorv Default M olol ololo olo olololololol oloo oc 000 o o o 0 0000 0 CI IOIOCIO IO O OIOIOIO o o o e o o o oloo o oa O e o o o e o e oloo oloo oloo ololo oloo oloo o loiolololoieloieolololoiolololoioloio Fig 4 28 Statistics Overview for all ports 84 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics Function name Detailed Statistics Function description Display the detailed counting number of each port s traffic In the Fig 4 26 the window can show all counter information each port at one time Parameter description Rx Packets The counting number of the packet received RX Octets Total received bytes Rx High Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as high priority Rx Low Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as low priority Rx Broadcast Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet Rx Multicast Show the counting number of the received multicast packet Rx Broad and
96. ust equal the value of the Length field when the Length Type acts as Length Frame check sequence FCS This field contains a 32 bit cyclic redundancy check CRC value and is a check sum computed with DA SA through the end of the data field with the following polynomial T a A 1 It is created by the sending MAC and recalculated by the receiving MAC to check if the packet is damaged or not 28 How does a MAC work The MAC sub layer has two primary jobs to do 1 Receiving and transmitting data When receiving data it parses frame to detect error when transmitting data it performs frame assembly 2 Performing Media access control lt prepares the initiation jobs for a frame transmission and makes recovery from transmission failure Frame transmission As Ethernet adopted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD it detects if there is any carrier signal from another network device running over the physical medium when a frame is ready for transmission This is referred to as sensing carrier also Listen If there is signal on the medium the MAC defers the traffic to avoid a transmission collision and waits for a random period of time called backoff time then sends the traffic again After the frame is assembled when transmitting the frame the preamble PRE bytes are inserted and sent first then the next Start of frame Delimiter SFD DA SA and through the data field and FCS field
97. ver is used for high speed connection expansion nine optional SFP types provided for the switch are listed below 1000Mbps LC MM SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC SM 10km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC SM 30km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC SM 50km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC SM 70km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC SM 110km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi type 1 SM 20km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi type 2 SM 20km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000Mbps LC SM 10km SFP Fiber transceiver with DDM Fig 1 4 Front View of 1000Base SX LX LC SFP Fiber Transceiver o Fig 1 5 Front View of 1000Base LX BiDi SC SFP Fiber Transceiver 2 Installation 2 1 Starting 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch Up This section describes how to install the Web Smart Switch and its components and also includes the following information Hardware and Cable Installation Management Station Installation Software booting and configuration 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation At the beginning please do first Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge gt Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power source Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch Note If you have no modules please skip this section Fig 2 1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Tran
98. w would be completed Web Smart Switch supports a simplified user management function which allows only one administrator to configure the switch at one time To optimize the display effect we recommend Microsoft IE and 1024x768 display resolution 47 Please enter password to login 0 Fig 4 1 4 1 Web Management Home Overview After login System Information would be displayed as Fig 4 2 illustrated This page lists default values and shows you the basic information of the switch including Switch Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror SNMP and Maximum Packet Length With this information you will Know the software version MAC address ports available and so on It would be helpful while malfunction occurred For more details please refer to Section 4 4 1 System Configuration Sytem Unlormation Ports F 24 Port Gigabit Web Smart Switch VLANS AS 4 Dual Media with SEP VLAN Mode Firan Vorio v3 02 ni Group Hardware warsion 1 01 as CI 00 40 7 30 00 41 O LACH A ate A ASTA serial Number luz 1801000003 An 1 CO 192 168 0 58 IGMP Snooping Active Subnet Mask Mi255 235 255 0 Mirror 197 168 0 254 Qos Filter ale lila Rate Limit Stonn Conbral SAMP LACH Status nie Status Fallback IP Address sem 192 168 0 58 i enn n Fallback Subnet Mask ss 255 255 0 mee aco Factory Melanii Sollware Upgrade Configuration File Tra
99. witch has no console port so you cannot use console interface to connect with 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch 4 How to configure the 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch v User can use IE browser program in window series of computer to control the web smart functions in 24 Port GbE Web Smart Switch First choose any port in 24 Port GoE Web Smart Switch Then use IE and type default IP address 192 168 1 1 to connect to 24 Gigabit with RJ45 network line Finally the login screen will appear at once 100 Appendix A Technical Specifications Features 20 10 100 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet TP switching ports are compliant with IEEE802 3 802 3u 802 3z and 802 3ab 4 Gigabit TP SFP fiber are dual media ports with auto detected function Non blocking store and forward shared memory Web Smart switched Supports auto negotiation for configuring speed duplex mode Supports 802 3x flow control for full duplex ports Supports collision based and carrier based backpressure for half duplex ports Any ports can be in disable mode force mode or auto polling mode Supports Head of Line HOL blocking prevention Supports broadcast storm filtering Web based management provides the ability to completely manage the switch from any web browser Supports Port based VLAN and Tag based IEEE802 1Q VLAN Auto aging with programmable inter age time Supports 802 1p Class of Service with 2 level priority queuing Supports port trunking with flexible l
100. x 64 Bytes ECCT AM Rx 05 127 Bytes AA RSTP Status Rx 128 255 Bytes ETE IGMP Status CE 256 511 Bytes Ping Rx 512 1023 Bvies 312 1003 mes Rx 1024 Bytes 102 ones dow Default ji Rx CRC Aligment j 1x Collisions Fig 4 29 Detailed Statistics for each port 87 4 3 3 LACP Status Function name LACP Status Function description Display LACP status Fig 4 30 illustrates that LACP Status window can show LACP information and status for all ports in the same time Parameter description LACP Aggregation Overview Show the group port status Default will set to red sign for port link down user can check legend table below for all reference LACP Port Status Group Port Show the port number Normal as Legend ETT System Information a Ports LACP Aggregation Overview VLANs VLAN Mode a 212131 415 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 VLAN Group raoreaton Perm TTiTiiii O O O O O O i LACP i RSTP 802 1X IGMP Snooping Mirror Qos Filter z Rate Limit H Down Port link down Storm Control o Blocked Port Blocked by RSTP Number is Partner port number if other switch has LACP enabled SNMP Monitoring si o Learning Port Learning by RSTP Statistics Overview Forwarding Port link up and forwarding frames Legend RSTP Status IGMP Status Ping 1 Warm Restart LACP Po
101. ying For example if a port malfunctioned or unplugged accidentally in a static trunk port administrator has to reconfigure it or the network will get trouble Therefore offering a tool with automatic recovery capability is necessary for an administrator LACP is a protocol that allows a switch able to know whether its partner has the capability to co setup a trunk between them Usually if administrator wishes to increase the bandwidth of a specific link he may 1 Buy new network equipments with higher throughput or 2 Aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to a logical link If the item 1 is the case you will pay much more cost beyond your budget and the solution caused by the limitation of hardware performance may not be scalable If the item 2 is the case now you do not have to pay much more extra cost and can keep flexible according to the demand of bandwidth because ll equipments are there already And what s more you can avoid worrying about the interoperability issue Applying LACP in your network you will not only gain benefits below to improve the performance of your network but also have these investments usable to future new products 1 Public standardized specification 2 No interoperability issue 3 No change to IEEE 802 3 frame format no change in software and management Increased bandwidth and availability Load sharing and redundancy Automatic configuration Rapid configuration and reconfiguration

KTI Networks KGS-2404 User's Manual

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