Garmin GDL 88 User's Manual
Contents
1. 2 6 GDL 88 ADS B Out eeeeennnnnnnnn nnns 3 1 GDL 88 ADS B Out DOES dien on dies 3 1 00 24400 00 3 2 Pressure Altitude Broadcast Inhibit 3 2 Anonymous MOUS nits aide 3 3 Air Ground 3 3 4 1 GDL 88 ADS B In Data 4 1 4 2 4 2 1 Traffic Applications SURF AIRB 4 2 4 2 2 GDL 88 Integration with TCAD TAS TCAS 4 5 4 2 3 No Heading Source Traffic Information 4 6 4 2 4 Conflict Situational Awareness CSA 4 6 5 1 1528 5 2 5 1 1 NEXRAD Abnormalities e 5 3 5 1 2 NEXRAD Limitations 5 3 De io NEXRAD 5 4 5 4 5 2 POB TER 5 5 5 3 ABE ee en 5 5 5 42. Eos Nee 5 5 5 9 FIS B Winds and Temperatures 5 6 5 6 SIGMETs and AIRMETS 5 6 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 6 Installation 5 6 1 6 1 Possible Installation 6 1 6 1 1 GDL 88 with ADS B Out Transmission Enabled 6 1 6 1 2 GDL 88 with ADS B Out Transmission Disabled 6 1 6 1 3 GDL 88 Only 6 1 SCREEN 6 2 6 2 1 Audio Panel sess 6 2 622 Atitude 6 2 6 2 3 TAS and TCAS Traffic 5 6 2 6 2 4 Heading Source optional 6 2 6 2 5 qiero 6 2 6 2 6 Radar Altimeter 2 7 6 2 6 2 7 Traffic Mute Optional teur pt ur nc 6 2 7 7 1 8 1 8 1 Troubleshooting 8 1 mmm 8 2 oe 8 2 8 4 Software License Agreement cccsecsecsecsecsecsecsecsecsecsessessessseseeseeseean 8 3 HMTEDWARRAN nel cc 8 4 DA Index 1 Vi GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A G
3. ADS B ADS TCAS Status and i i Orientation ALT UNR Traffic Display Radius Altitude Filter Ownship Icon Selected Vector Motion and Duration MBLATIVE MOTION UNAVAILABLE Touch To View Traffic Menu Figure 4 3 SURF Display with the 7XX Due to the varying precision of the data that may be received via ADS B ADS R and TIS B all traffic targets may not be depicted on the traffic display Because higher data precision is required for display in the SURF environment some 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 4 3 targets eligible for will not be displayed while SURF is active Individual eligibility for and SURF is depicted in the selected traffic data on the traffic page of both the GTN 6XX and 7XX A NOTE Displays not capable of SURF will always run the AIRB application 4 4 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 4 2 2 GDL 88 Integration with TCAD TAS TCAS Installations with the GDL 88 interface to a TAS TCAS TCAD traffic system require a display to be installed Figure 4 4 GDL 88 With TCAS Not In Ground Station Coverage When an active traffic system is interfaced with a GDL 88 the GDL 88 receives traffic from the active traffic system and attempts to match or correlate this traffic with ADS B traffic that the GDL 88 has received and is already trac
4. RA or Height of Flight GPS Flight Level Ahead Threshold Protected Above Terrain Phase Not Time s forAlarm Volume HAT VETE feet NM if Available OR GPS Phase of Flight Not Approach or Terminal RA or HAT 1000 2350 Terminal N A 3 RA or HAT 2350 5000 Below 4 Geodetic 5000 Geodetic D 5000 10 000 Geodetic 5000 10 000 Geodetic 10 000 10 000 20 000 20 000 Geodetic Geodetic 20 000 20 000 7 42 000 42 000 Geodetic Geodetic Above 42 000 Above 42 000 Geodetic Geodetic Table 4 2 Traffic Alert Functionality 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 4 1 4 8 This page intentionally left blank GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide A GARMIN 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 9 WEATHER The Flight Information Services FIS B function is capable of displaying textual and graphic weather information with GDL 88 installations No subscription for FIS B services is required with the GDL 88 The FIS B Function is based on a ground to air data link and requires that the appropriate ground systems are broadcasting weather data and the aircraft is within reception range of the Ground Broadcast Transceiver GBT The products are transmitted from the UAT 978 MHz ground stations on a regular basis in accordance with the following table Weather Product Expiration Transmission Update Interval Minutes Time Interval Minutes EE CONUS NEXRAD
5. 44 0 870 8501241 outside the UK or 0808 2380000 within the UK 8 2 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 8 4 Software License Agreement BY USING THE GDL 88 YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY Garmin grants you a limited license to use the software embedded in this device the Software in binary executable form in the normal operation of the product Title ownership rights and intellectual property rights in and to the Software remain with Garmin You acknowledge that the Software is the property of Garmin and is protected under the United States of America copyright laws and international copyright treaties You further acknowledge that the structure organization and code of the Software are valuable trade secrets of Garmin and that the Software in source code form remains a valuable trade secret of Garmin You agree not to decompile disassemble modify reverse assemble reverse engineer or reduce to human readable form the Software or any part thereof or create any derivative works based on the Software You agree not to export or re export the Software to any country in violation of the export control laws of the United States of America 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 8 3 8 5 LIMITED WARRANTY All Garmin avionics products are warranted to be t
6. Limitations 5 3 M METARs 5 1 5 5 Mode A 3 3 Mode C 3 3 Mode 5 1 1 3 3 Mountains 5 3 N NEXRAD 5 4 No display 6 1 No heading source 4 6 No position fault 8 1 Notes i 2 5 3 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 5 5 PABI 3 2 Part numbers 1 2 5 1 5 5 Power 5 4 Pressure Altitude Broadcast Inhibit 3 2 Product Support 8 2 R Radar 5 2 5 4 Radar altimeter 6 2 Radar altitude 4 6 Rain 5 3 Record of Revisions iii Reflectivity 5 3 5 4 Regional NEXRAD 5 1 5 4 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide Index 1 S Self interrogation 3 2 Services 5 1 Servicing your unit 8 2 SIGMET 5 1 5 6 Software license 8 3 Squawk code 3 3 SURF 4 2 T AS 1 1 4 2 TCAD 1 1 4 5 TCAS 1 1 4 2 Text 5 1 TFR 5 5 Thunderstorm 5 2 Time 5 1 TIS B 2 5 Tornados 5 2 Troubleshooting 8 1 V VFR 3 3 5 5 W Warnings 1 5 2 Warranty 8 4 Weather 5 1 Wind 5 1 Winds aloft 5 1 5 6 Index 2 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide A GARMIN 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 2012 GARMIN Corporation GARMIN International Inc 1200 East 151 Street Olathe Kansas 66062 U S A Tel 913 397 8200 or 866 739 5687 Fax 913 397 8282 Garmin AT Inc 2345 Turner Rd S E Salem Oregon 97302 U S A Tel 503 581 8101 or 800 525 6726 Fax 503 364 2138 Garmin Europe Ltd Liberty House Bulls Copse Road Hounsdown Business Park Southampton SO40 ORB U K Tel 444 0 870 850 1243 Fax 44 0 238 052 4004 GAR
7. AGL or visibility less than one mile Unknown Table 5 2 METAR Symbols 5 4 FIS B PIREPs Pilot Weather Reports PIREPs provide timely weather information When significant weather conditions are reported or forecast Air Traffic Control ATC facilities are required to solicit PIREPs PIREP may contain non forecast adverse weather conditions such as low in flight visibility icing conditions wind shear and turbulence PIREPs are issued as either Routine UA or Urgent UUA The update rate is approximately every 20 minutes 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 5 5 LLU GARMIN 5 5 FIS B Winds and Temperatures Aloft Winds and Temperatures Aloft data shows the forecast wind speed direction and Temperature at selected altitudes Altitudes can be selected in increments from the 1 000 feet up to 53 000 feet The update rate is every 12 hours 5 6 SIGMETs and AIRMETs SIGMETs SIGnificant METerological Information and AIRMETs AlRmens METerological Information are broadcast for potentially hazardous weather considered of importance to aircraft The update rate is approximately every 20 minutes 5 6 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A 6 INSTALLATION CONFIGURATIONS 6 1 Possible Installation Configurations 6 1 1 GDL 88 with ADS B Out Transmission Enabled The GDL 88 can provide for both the ADS B Out and ADS B In functionality In this case the GDL 88
8. Regional NEXRAD E al x Typically 20 minutes As Available Typically 20 minutes then at 15 minute intervals for 1 hour 1 minute where available As Available otherwise Typically 20 minutes 12 hours NO METARs Winds and 90 or at the Temperatures Aloft end of the valid period As available Typically 20 minutes Pilot Weather Report PIREP Blue Regular Yellow Urgent 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 5 1 As available Typically 20 minutes Table 5 1 FIS B Weather Products and Aging GARMIN WARNING Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather information shown by the data link weather product Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing weather data for data link transmission the weather information shown by the data link weather product may be significantly older than the indicated weather product age 5 1 FIS B NEXRAD WSR 88D weather surveillance radar or NEXRAD NEXt generation RADar is a Doppler radar system that has greatly improved the detection of meteorological events such as thunderstorms tornadoes and hurricanes An extensive network of NEXRAD stations provides almost complete radar coverage of the continental United States Alaska and Hawaii The unobstructed range of each NEXRAD is 124 nautical miles The FIS B Function is a graphic weather
9. and bits used for various other functions Contro Station FIS B Provider Surveillance of ADS B mucus mi qe npn Grut Awareness Figure 2 3 ADS B Operation FAA Illustration Garmin display units have the capability to show the status of the ground station services being received Examples for the and GNS products are shown below See the display device Pilot Guide for the symbology used on that display Description Within coverage of a TIS B ground station when connected to a GDL 88 Not within coverage of a TIS B ground station when connected to a GDL 88 Within coverage of a TIS B ground station when connected to a GDL 88 Not within coverage of 5 ground station when am connected to a GDL 88 Table 2 1 Map TIS B Availability Symbols GDL 88 does not have a valid track or heading and cannot place ADS targets on the display GIN 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 2 3 2 2 Automatic Dependent Surveillance Rebroadcast ADS R Because it is not required that ADS B In capable aircraft be able to receive ADS B data on both the 1090 MHz and 978 MHz data links a means to get data from one data link to the other is required ADS R is the rebroadcast of ADS B data by FAA ground stations and provides this service by taking data from one link and rebroadcasting it on the other For example two aircraft are in the service volume for a ground stati
10. external sources ADS B ADS R and TIS B and onboard sources TAS TCAS and creates a single fused traffic picture to provide to the flight crew Using relative altitude relative bearing range directionality ground track and other identifying information ICAO address flight ID call sign tail number the GDL 88 determines when tracks from multiple sources represent a single traffic target selects the most accurate position source for the target and sends the data to the display NOTE The GDL 88 will observe all ADS B participants within range However due to the nature of TIS B s service volumes and the incomplete equipage adoption of ADS B Out equipment NOT ALL TRAFFIC WILL BE OBSERVED by the GDL 88 The flight crew must rely on see and avoid procedures to detect and avoid traffic In addition when operating on the edges of ATC radar coverage or when using an interfaced active traffic system and TAS TCAS targets are intermittent it is possible that a single target aircraft may be briefly or periodically depicted as two grouped targets in the same location 4 2 1 Traffic Applications SURF AIRB etc When the GDL 88 is interfaced to a GIN 6XX GTN 7XX or other compatible units a traffic display is available for the flight crews situational awareness and to enhance the visual acquisition of surrounding traffic The GNS 400W 500W units do not support all applications including SURE The exact location of the ownship as sh
11. from buildings or mountains which may cause shadows Scheduled maintenance may put a radar off line 5 1 2 NEXRAD Limitations Certain limitations exist regarding the NEXRAD radar displays Some but not all are listed for the users awareness NEXRAD base reflectivity does not provide sufficient information to determine cloud layers or precipitation characteristics hail vs rain etc NEXRAD base reflectivity is sampled at the minimum antenna elevation angle An individual NEXRAD site cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges and has no information about storms directly over the site The resolution of displayed Regional NEXRAD data is approximately two kilometers and the resolution of displayed CONUS NEXRAD data is approximately 10 kilometers Therefore when zoomed in on the display each square block is two kilometers 1 08 NM or 10 kilometers 5 4 NM on a side The intensity level reflected by the square will be the highest level sampled within the area covered by each block 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 5 3 GARMIN 5 1 3 NEXRAD Intensity Colors are used to identity the different NEXRAD echo intensities reflectivity measured in dBZ decibels of Z Reflectivity is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver Reflectivity designated by the letter Z covers a wide range of signals from very weak to very strong So a more convenient number for calc
12. transmits ADS B messages on 978 MHz and receives ADS B ADS R TIS B and FIS B services on the 1090 and 978 MHz links using its dual link receive capabilities This installation is limited by FAR 91 227 to use below FL180 6 1 2 GDL 88 with ADS B Out Transmission Disabled With ADS B Out transmission disabled the GDL 88 can provide for only ADS B In functionality In this case the GDL 88 receives ADS B ADS R TIS B and FIS B services on the 1090 and 978 MHz links using its dual link receive capabilities In order for the ADS B Out mandate to be met another LRU Such as a Garmin GTX 330ES transponder must be installed that complies with the ADS B Out mandate on either the 978 MHz or 1090 MHz link For aircraft operated above FL180 a 1090 MHz ADS B Out compliant LRU will be required 6 1 3 GDL 88 Only No Display In a minimal installation the GDL 88 provides the required ADS B Out functionality with a standalone set of annunciators and control switches installed in the cockpit When a GDL 88 is installed without interface to an external display some ADS B In functionality is still retained A traffic annunciation light is installed in the cockpit for CSA alerts and aural alerts are provided for these threat aircraft to include directionality from the ownship and range 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 6 1 GARMIN 6 2 Interfaces 6 2 1 Audio Panel Traffic alert audio output is interfaced to a requir
13. will use that input to determine air ground status If not then air ground status is purely based on GPS derived information 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 3 3 3 4 This page intentionally left blank GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide A GARMIN 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 4 GDL 88 ADS B IN The ADS B In capability allows the GDL 88 to receive data through the UAT 978 MHz and the 1090 MHz receiver The UAT receives data directly trom another ADS B transmitting aircraft ADS B data from ground stations ADS R TIS B information from ground stations and FIS B data from ground stations The 1090 MHz receiver receives data directly from another ADS B transmitting aircralt 4 1 GDL 88 ADS B In Data ADS B In data is received by the UAT 978 MHz and by the 1090 MHz receiver UAT Received Data ADS B Data directly from another transmitting aircraft ADS R Rebroadcast of ADS B data from a ground station TIS B Broadcast of secondary surveillance radar SSR derived traffic information from a ground station FIS B Broadcast of aviation data from a ground station 1090 MHz Received Data ADS B Data directly from another transmitting aircraft Figure 4 1 GDL 88 Equipped Aircraft Without TCAS Not In Ground Station Coverage 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 4 1 GARMIN 4 2 Traffic The GDL 88 may receive traffic from several sources including
14. 06 Eastgate Singapore 428766 Tel 65 63480378 Fax 65 63480278 At Garmin we value your opinion For comments about this guide please e mail Techpubs Salem Garmin com www garmin com https fly garmin com tly garmin Except as expressly provided herein no part of this manual may be reproduced copied transmitted disseminated downloaded or stored in any storage medium for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed for personal use provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited This part shall comply with Garmin Banned and Restricted Substances document 001 0021 1 00 Garmin is a registered trademarks of Garmin Ltd or its subsidiaries These trademarks may not be used without the express permission of Garmin October 2012 Printed in the United States WARNING For safety reasons GDL 88 operational procedures must be learned on the ground WARNING This unit provides the ability to receive weather information through external sources Use weather data only as an aid to situational awareness S
15. 2 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide Traffic HDG UP ADS SURF X _ B123 TCAS OPER Small ALT NORM Aircraft CR OKT 054 GS 6 NM CUN ABSOLUTE MOTION 30 sec Menu 198 DBZ PRECIP 255 250 245 240 gt 30 gt 20 gt 5 Regional Boundary METAR VFR T MVFR IFR LIFR g Unknown y TFR TmT TFR Localized TFR GARMIN 3 s MANSAS Menu NEXRAD BEREA AIRMET 15 FIS B NEXRAD C METAR IOWA TFR SIGMET PIREPS MISSOURI In Out 2012 Garmin Ltd or its subsidiaries All rights reserved This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 2 00 or later Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to later software versions Garmin International Inc 1200 East 151st Street Olathe KS 66062 U S A Tel 913 397 8200 Fax 913 397 8282 Garmin AT Inc 2345 Turner Road SE Salem OR 97302 U S A Tel 503 391 3411 Fax 503 364 2138 Garmin Europe Ltd Liberty House Bulls Copse Road Hounsdown Business Park Southampton 5040 ORB Tel 44 0 870 850 1243 Fax 44 0 238 052 4004 Garmin Corporation No 68 Zhangshu 2nd Road Xizhi Dist New Taipei City 221 Taiwan R O C Tel 886 02 2642 9199 Fax 886 02 2642 9099 Garmin Singapore Pte Ltd 46 East Coast Road 05
16. ARMIN 1 INTRODUCTION The GDL 88 is a remotely mounted ADS B transceiver There are four models of the GDL 88 D Models with a single bottom mounted UAT antenna meet TSO C154c Class A1S and are available with or without an internal GPS SBAS receiver Models with one top mounted and one bottom mounted antenna meet TSO C154c Class and are also available with or without an internal GPS SBAS receiver 1 1 GDL 88 D System Functions The GDL 88 pertorms the following functions UAT transmission 978 MHz The GDL 88 transmits ADS B Out data on the 978 MHz UAT frequency to be received by other aircraft vehicles and ATC for situational awareness and traffic management UAT reception ADS B ADS R TIS B and FIS B on 978 MHz The GDL 88 receives ADS B data transmitted on the UAT link from other aircraft vehicles and ground stations to present a traffic situational awareness display for use by the flight crew In addition the GDL 88 receives FIS B data on the UAT link to provide the flight crew with graphical and textual weather products Mode S Extended Squitter reception on 1090 MHz The GDL 88 receives ADS B data transmitted by aircraft on the 1090 MHz link to provided a comprehensive situational awareness traffic display for use by the flight crew Correlation of traffic reports from multiple traffic sources including no heading source installations The GDL 88 is capable of interfacing with TCAD TAS TCAS I system
17. D IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FORANY INCIDENTAL SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace with a new or newly overhauled replacement product the product or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at its sole discretion SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY Online Auction Purchases Products purchased through online auctions are not eligible for warranty coverage Online auction confirmations are not accepted for warranty verification To obtain warranty service an original or copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is required Garmin will not replace missing components from any package purchased through an online auction International Purchases A separate warranty may be provided by international distributors for devices purchased outside the United States depending on the country If applicable this warra
18. MIN Corporation 68 Zhangshu 274 Road Xizhi Dist New Taipei City 221 Taiwan R O C Tel 886 2 2642 9199 Fax 886 2 2642 9099 Garmin Singapore Pte Ltd 46 East Coast Road 05 06 Eastgate Singapore 428766 Tel 65 63480378 Fax 65 63480278 www garmin com https fly garmin com fly garmin Part Number 190 01122 03 Rev A
19. ation The resolution of displayed Regional NEXRAD data is approximately two kilometers 1 08 Combined NEXRAD Regional NEXRAD data within 150 NM of the aircraft location and CONUS NEXRAD data everywhere else The two types of NEXRAD are separated by a white stippled border This boundary is updated whenever new Regional or CONUS NEXRAD data is received 5 4 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 5 2 FIS B TFRs Temporary Flight Restrictions TFRs provide detailed information for local short term restrictions The update rate is approximately every 20 minutes A NOTE Some TFRs may not be shown or information may be incomplete The presented TFR information is only advisory in nature Check official sources such as from preflight planning or Flight Service Station to determine more complete TFR information 5 3 FIS B METARs When enabled graphic METARs METeorological Aviation Reports are shown as colored flags at airports that provide METAR reports Press the METARs key to enable or disable METARs Refer to the Legend for a description of the color code The update rate is every five minutes METAR P Description VFR ceiling greater than 3000 ft AGL and visibility greater than five miles Marginal VFR ceiling 1000 3000 ft AGL and or visibility three to five miles IFR ceiling 500 to below 1000 ft AGL and or visibility one mile to less than three miles Low IFR ceiling below 500 ft
20. bstruct a radar beam and produce echoes Global Positioning System A space based Navigation system providing accurate position velocity and time information This instrumentation will be certified as primary navigation Height Above Terrain Garmin s proprietary High Speed Data Bus International Civil Aviation Organization Pressure Altitude Broadcast Inhibit Satellite Based Augmentation System Supplementary Type Certificate Surface Situation Awareness An ADS B In application that provides the ADS B and external traffic system targets on a display to be used by the flight crew for situational awareness Traffic Advisory Traffic Advisory System Traffic Collision Avoidance Device GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN TCAS TIS B UAT XPDR 190 01122 03 Rev A Traffic Collision Avoidance System An aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the incidence of mid air collisions between aircraft It monitors the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped with a corresponding active transponder independent of air traffic control and warns pilots of the presence of other transponder equipped aircraft which may present a threat of mid air collision Traffic Information Services Broadcast TIS B supplements ADS B s air to air services to provide more situational awareness in the cockpit of all traffic known to the ATC system The ground TIS B station transmit
21. cast link and rebroadcasts it to ADS B In equipped operators on the other broadcast link Airborne Situational Awareness An ADS B In application that provides the ADS B and external traffic system targets on a display to be used by the flight crew for situational awareness The Anonymous Mode when armed will replace the Flight ID with a temporary randomized number for privacy while the position information will still be provided Conflict Situational Awareness A traffic alerting feature to increase flight crew situational awareness of traffic situations that could lead to a hazardous condition in the near term With Extended Squitter capabilities position velocity and heading information are automatically transmitted by the 1090 transponder to other aircraft and ground stations GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 1 1 FIS B Ground Clutter GPS HAT HSDB ICAO PABI SBAS STC SURF TA TAS TCAD 7 2 Flight Information Services Broadcast FIS B is graphic weather display capable of displaying graphical weather information on UAT equipped installations FIS B is available free to any operator with the ability to receive and display the data that is broadcast on the Universal Access Transceiver UAT or the 978 MHz link A form of radar signal interference that occurs when fixed objects close to the transmitter such as buildings trees or terrain hills ocean swells and waves o
22. display capable of displaying graphical weather information on UAT equipped installations Graphical data is overlaid on the map indicating the rainfall detected by ground based radar for a specific area Colors are used to identity the different NEXRAD echo intensities reflectivity measured in dBZ decibels of Z Reflectivity designated by the letter Z is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver The dBZ values increase as returned signal strength increases Precipitation intensity is displayed using colors corresponding to the dBZ values An example of how precipitation data is color coded follows NEARAD DBZ PRECIP NM O WwW 5 4 4 2 2 Ln Coverage Figure 5 1 Sample FIS B Weather Precipitation Legend 5 2 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN NOTE FIS B NEXRAD does not differentiate between frozen and liquid precipitation The FIS B NEXRAD intensity colors as shown below may differ from the intensity colors from other providers 5 1 1 NEXRAD Abnormalities There are possible abnormalities regarding displayed NEXRAD images Some but not all causes of abnormal displayed information include Ground Clutter Strobes and spurious radar data Sun strobes when the radar antenna points directly at the sun Military aircraft deploy metallic dust which can cause alterations in radar scans nterference
23. e but bearing of the TCAS targets relative to ADS B targets will slewed by the crab angle of the aircraft Traffic is not displayed on the moving map with ground features depicted Traffic will always be available for display on the traffic page 4 2 4 Conflict Situational Awareness CSA Conflict Situational Awareness is an alerting algorithm that provides TCAS like Traffic Alerts on ADS B ADS R and TIS B targets to enhance situational awareness The GDL 88 issues an aural alert when a Conflict Situational Awareness CSA alert is displayed Tratfic lt X gt O Clock lt Y gt lt Z gt spoken once where X is the clock position of the intruder lt Y gt is the relative position Above Below and lt Z gt is the range in nautical miles As in some TCAS I TA implementations altitude above terrain is used to adjust the sensitivity of the CSA algorithm to minimize nuisance alerts Radar Altitude if available Height Above Terrain as provided by a GNS or GTN navigator with a terrain database and Geodetic Altitude are used to adjust the sensitivity of the CSA algorithm Radar Altitude if available Height Above Terrain if available and Geodetic Altitude are used to adjust the sensitivity of the CSA algorithm in accordance with the following table 4 6 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A Radar Altitude GPS Phase HAT and Sensitivity Look Vertical Minimum
24. e of the highest priority GDL 88 fault present For example if both a No Position priority 2 fault and a Fault priority 3 are present the ADS B annunciator will indicate the presence of a No Position fault Figure 8 1 GDL 88 Annunciator 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 8 1 GARMIN Reporting Fault Type ADS B Annunciator Description Priority Light s Activated Transmit Both A GDL 88 internal malfunction Fail antenna malfunction or incorrect contiguration setting prevent transmission 2 No NO POSN The GDL 88 is not receiving GPS Position position Fault FAULT A GDL 88 or external fault prevent proper operation of the GDL 88 No fault present Table 8 1 GDL 88 Fault Types 8 2 Servicing Your Unit The Garmin GDL 88 has no user serviceable parts Should you ever encounter a problem with your unit take it to an authorized Garmin dealer for repairs or contact Garmin Product Support at 1 866 739 5687 The GDL 88 is sealed to protect the unit Any attempt to open the case to change or modify the unit in any way voids your warranty and may result in permanent damage to the equipment 8 3 Contact Garmin Contact Garmin if you have any questions while using your GDL 39 In the USA contact Garmin Product Support by phone 913 397 8200 or 866 739 5687 Monday Friday 7 7 PM Central Time or go to https tly garmin com fly garmin support In Europe contact Garmin Europe Ltd at
25. ed audio panel with a compatible unswitched unmuted audio input 6 2 2 Altitude Source The GDL 88 requires the use of an ownship pressure altitude for transmission of required ADS B Out data values and to calculate the vertical separation and vertical closure from target aircraft 6 2 3 TAS and TCAS Traffic Systems GDL 88 will interface with the 615 800 820 and 850 Skywatch Skywatch HB and Ryan TCAD 6 2 4 A Heading Source optional The GDL 88 can optionally use heading for the purpose of correlating ADS B traffic and traffic received from the external traffic system HSDB and ARINC 429 digital heading is provided to the GDL 88 from any compatible magnetic heading source Multiple heading sources may be connected to the GDL 88 6 2 5 GPS Position Source The GDL 88 uses the ownship GPS position for creation of the ADS B Out messages as well as the receipt and tracking of ADS B In targets The GDL 88 without the internal GPS WAAS requires at least one compatible GPS position source be installed while the GDL 88 with the internal GP5 WAAS engine may optionally be interfaced with compatible sources 6 2 6 Radar Altimeter Optional The GDL 88 can optionally be interfaced with a radar altimeter to drive the sensitivity level of the Conflict Situational Awareness CSA application 6 2 7 Traffic Mute Optional Ihe GDL 88 can optionally interface with a pilot controlled switch to acknowledge an active Conflict Situat
26. ence received including interference that may cause undesired operation GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A Record of Revisions Part Number Revision Date Description _ 190 01122 03 Initial release 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide To obtain accessories for your unit please contact your Garmin dealer Help us better support you by completing our on line registration form today Registration ensures that you will be notified of product updates and new products and provides lost or stolen unit tracking Please have the serial number of your unit handy connect to our web site www garmin com or https fly garmin com tly garmin and look for our Product Registration link on the Home page GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 219 2 4 3 1 23 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 1 4 2 Contents 1 1 GDL 881D FUNCUONS 1 1 301 88 INUITIDGLS 1 2 ADS B System Overview 2 1 ADS B Broadcast ADS B escis rrt roe Din tan 2 3 Automatic Dependent Surveillance Rebroadcast ADS R 2 4 Traffic Information Service Broadcast 15 2 5 Flight Information Service Broadcast 5
27. ent of a failure of an altitude source in the ownship etc This control may either be integrated into the controlling display or as a stand alone switch installed in the cockpit While conducting operations within airspace requiring ADS B Out compliant Out transmissions per 14 CFR 91225 PABI should not be activated unless directed by ATC 3 2 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 3 4 Anonymous Mode The GDL 88 provides an Anonymous Mode which broadcasts a randomized ICAO address in the ADS B Out message The Anonymous Mode when armed will replace the Flight ID with a temporary randomized number for privacy while the position information will still be provided This randomized address allows the ADS B Out message to not be tied to a specific aircraft much like a VFR squawk code of 1200 on a Mode A or Mode C transponder The mode is armed via a switch in the cockpit or via a control on the display integrated with the GDL 88 When a VFR squawk is present in the transponder and anonymous mode is selected then the GDL 88 operates in anonymous mode and no identifying information is provided in the ADS B Out message This mode will persist until the squawk code is changed or the Anonymous Mode control is turned to the off state Anonymous Mode is not available when installed in an aircraft with a Mode S transponder 3 5 Air Ground Determination If a weight on wheels or squat switch is installed the GDL 88
28. ional Awareness CSA alert and mute the associated aural alert This momentary switch only mutes the current CSAs and does not act as an inhibit for future CSA aural annunciations 6 2 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 7 GLOSSARY ADS B ADS B In ADS B Out ADS R AIRB Anonymous Mode CSA Extended Squitter 190 01122 03 Rev A Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast ADS B equipment is an advanced surveillance technology that combines an aircraft s positioning source aircraft avionics and a ground infrastructure to create an accurate surveillance interface between aircraft and ATC ADS B In refersto an appropriately equipped aircraft s ability to receive and display another aircraft s ADS B Out information as well as the ADS B In services provided by ground systems including Automatic Dependent Surveillance Rebroadcast ADS R Traffic Information Service Broadcast TIS B and if so equipped Flight Information Service Broadcast FIS B ADS B Out provides air traffic controllers and other aircraft with real time position information that is in most cases more accurate than the information available with current radar based systems With more accurate information ATC will be able to position and separate aircraft with improved precision and timing ADS Rebroadcast ADS R collects traffic information from each broad
29. king When a correlation is made the active traffic system or ADS B target with the most accurate information is displayed to the flight crew Any active traffic system or ADS B traffic that is not correlated will also be displayed for the flight crew The correlation of traffic by the GDL 88 ensures that only the most accurate and no duplicate traffic targets are displayed for the flight crews situational awareness When interfaced to a TAS or TCAS system traffic alerts are provided as follows Traffic TAS TCAS CSA Alert Aural Alert Source Visual Alert Source Correlated Alert Active Active Yes TCAS TAS TCASITAS fes No Yes Yes TCAS TAS prioritized TCAS TAS GDL 88 GDL 88 GDL 88 GDL 88 Table 4 1 TAS TCAS Traffic Alerts 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 4 5 When GDL 88 and TAS TCAS system integrated the GDL 88 controls the mode of the TAS TCAS system using the air ground logic in the GDL 88 as well as from the mode controls available on the interfaced display 4 2 3 No Heading Source Traffic Information When a GDL 88 and TAS TCAS are integrated in an airplane without a heading source they are subject to certain limitations While on the ground display of TCAS traffic and ADS B traffic are mutually exclusive e CAS heading referenced traffic and ADS B traffic are allowed to be displayed on the traffic page concurrently in a Track Up orientation while airborn
30. l interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation NOTE This product its packaging and its components contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer birth defects or reproductive harm This notice is being provided in accordance with California s Proposition 65 If you have any questions or would like additional information please refer to our web site at www garmin com prop65 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide NOTE This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class digital devices This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications Furthermore there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified avionics technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interfer
31. lustration 2 6 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 3 GDL 88 ADS B OUT ADS B Out sends information from the aircraft so it can be seen by other aircraft using ADS B In equipment and FAA ground stations ADS B Out provides air traffic controllers with real time position information that is in most cases more accurate than the information available with current radar based systems With more accurate information ATC will be able to position and separate aircraft with improved precision and timing 3 1 GDL 88 ADS B Out Data ADS B Out data is transmitted on the UAT 978 MHz GPS position Altitude Position Integrity Ground Track and or Heading Ground Speed Velocity Integrity Air Ground State Identifying information Transponder Squawk Code Call sign ICAO Registration Number Flight ID integrity and capability data 1090ES Out UAT Receive Capable Aircraft Equipped Aircraf UAT Transmit Capable Aircraft Nerv it eee 978 MHZ UAT Non ADS B Equipped Aircraft FIS B With Mode C XPDR TIS B UM No ADS B Ground Station Figure 3 1 GDL 88 ADS B In and Out 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 3 1 The following table describes the aircraft that will be observed by GDL 88 equipped aircraft according to the level of equipment installed in the other aircratt Other Aircraft Equipage Viewable by GDL 88 Equi
32. nty is provided by the local in country distributor and this distributor provides local service for your device Distributor warranties are only valid in the area of intended distribution Devices purchased in the United States or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service center in the United Kingdom the United States Canada or Taiwan for service To obtain warranty service contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center For assistance in locating a Service Center near you visit the Garmin web site at http www garmin com https fly garmin com tly garmin or contact Garmin Customer Service at 866 739 5687 8 4 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN INDEX A ADS B 2 3 ADS B annunciator 8 1 ADS B In 4 1 ADS B Out 3 1 6 1 ADS R 2 4 AIRB 4 2 Air Ground 3 3 AIRMETs 5 1 5 6 Airports 5 5 Altitude 6 2 Anonymous mode 3 3 Antenna 5 3 Appendix 8 1 Audio panel 6 2 C Cautions Combined NEXRAD 5 4 Conflict situational awareness 4 6 6 2 Contact Garmin 8 2 Continental US NEXRAD 5 4 CONUS 5 1 5 4 Correlation 4 5 CSA 4 6 6 2 Customer service 8 2 8 4 E Extended squitter 1 1 7 1 External annunciator 8 1 F FIS B 2 6 G GBT 5 1 GDL 88 models 1 1 Geodetic altitude 4 6 Glossary 7 1 GPS 6 2 Graphical Weather 5 2 7 2 190 01122 03 Rev A H Heading 6 2 Height above terrain 4 6 Hurricanes 5 2 IFR 5 5 Installation configuration 6 1 Interfaces 6 2 L
33. on and one transmitting on 1090 MHz and the other 978 MHz the ground station will retransmit the data from each aircraft on the other link to ensure the two aircraft can hear each other s 22 1090 5 Z 4 Cross Linking of ADS B data for Aircraft Situational Awareness Figure 2 4 ADS R Operation FAA Illustration The GDL 88 D is capable of receiving ADS B traffic reports directly on a 1090 MHz data link in addition to traffic reports and FIS B weather uplinks on the 978 MHz data link This allows the GDL 88 to directly receive all ADS B position reports from aircraft in the vicinity guaranteeing the most complete traffic picture is available to the flight crew without relying on being within ground station coverage and ADS R to provide this complete picture 2 4 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 2 3 Traffic Information Service Broadcast TIS B TIS B provides the bridge between the current radar based ATC system and the future ADS B based system When an ADS B In or Out capable aircratt is within the service volume of an FAA ADS B ground station the ground station will begin to broadcast a portion of the ATC radar picture to the aircraft This aircraft is then included in the list of aircraft that is being provided TIS B service and is then considered a TIS B participant ATC radar tracks for other aircraft within 3 500 feet and 15 NM of the participant will be p
34. own by the ownship symbol on the moving map varies by the display device For GTN units the tip of the ownship icon or where the dot is identifies the exact location For GNS units the exact location of the ownship is the center of the ownship icon where the wings cross the fuselage This display is capable of running in two modes Airborne Situational Awareness AIRB and Surface Situation Awareness SURF is in operation in the en route environment outside of five NM from and 1 500 feet above the nearest airport 4 2 GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN Indicates Multiple Targets Touch the target to show all targets Then touch next to get info on each of the targets Map ADS B TCAS Orientation Status and Altitude NM seeded Filter afic Info Traffic Motion Vector Green 2 a ot Ownship Proximate Icon Traffic Display Radius Selected Vector Motion and Duration Touch To View Traffic Menu Figure 4 2 AIRB Display with the GTN 7XX SURF is in operation within the terminal environment within five NM and less than 1 500 feet above field elevation When SURF is running and the zoom scale on the traffic display is less than two NM the airport environment including taxiways and runways will be displayed in addition to traffic This is to aid in situational awareness of runway occupancy availability etc Traffic
35. pped Aircraft 1090E5 Out Equipped Receive Only Capable MW UAT Transmit Equipped YS No Transponder No ADS B Non ADS B Equipped but with Mode C or S Transponder Yes see Note Table 3 1 Aircraft Available for Viewing by an ADS B Equipped Ownship NOTE Only when in ADS B ground station coverage and when the other aircraft is in ATC radar coverage 3 2 Self Interrogation For installations with a digital interface between the GDL 88 and the installed transponder the transponder acts as a single control to enter the transponder squawk code IDENT and emergency status When a digital interface is not available the GDL 88 is configured to utilize self interrogation The GDL 88 has a small ultra low power 1030 MHz transmitter integrated into the unit that interrogates the transponder installed in the aircratt This interrogation looks exactly like the interrogations received trom ground based surface search radars and the transponder replies like it is designed to do to include the squawk code IDENT status and emergency status The GDL 88 receives this reply and sets the corresponding ADS B Out message values to match the received data 3 3 Pressure Altitude Broadcast Inhibit PABI Much like with Mode C transponders a method is required to be available to the flight crew to inhibit the transmission of pressure altitude in the ADS B Out message This could be used for certain surface operations in the ev
36. ree from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase for new Remote Mount and Panel Mount products one year from the date of purchase for new portable products and any purchased newly overhauled products six months for newly overhauled products exchanged through a Garmin Authorized Service Center and 90 days for factory repaired or newly overhauled products exchanged at Garmin in lieu of repair Within the applicable period Garmin will at its sole option repair or replace any components that fail in normal use Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost This warranty does not apply to i cosmetic damage such as scratches nicks and dents ii consumable parts such as batteries unless product damage has occurred due to a defect in materials or workmanship iii damage caused by accident abuse misuse water flood fire or other acts of nature or external causes damage caused by service performed by anyone who is not an authorized service provider of Garmin or v damage to a product that has been modified or altered without the written permission of Garmin In addition Garmin reserves the right to refuse warranty claims against products or services that are obtained and or used in contravention of the laws of any country THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AN
37. rovided by the ground station to include altitude position eround speed and ground track TIS B data is broadcast once every three to thirteen seconds depending on the characteristics of the radar providing the data to the ground station i UAT oY 109065 LES Non Equipped Figure 2 5 TIS B Operation FAA Illustration NOTE Even if the display is showing TIS B traffic unless the TIS B participant indication is present see Section 2 1 TIS B services not being provided specific to your aircraft and the traffic picture may not be complete 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 2 5 2 4 Flight Information Service Broadcast FIS B FIS B is provided on the 978 MHz link only and is broadcast from the FAA ground stations continuously This service provides multiple weather products for display in the cockpit to be used by the flight crew for situational awareness These products update rates and coverages are specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual section 7 1 11 d 7 Examples of these products include NEXRAD Precipitation Graphical TFRs Graphical AIRMETs SIGMETs METARs TAFs winds aloft status of Special Use Airspaces SUA and textual NOTAMs Radia Station Uplink of Weather and other Flight information for Equipped Aircraft Figure 2 6 FIS B Operation FAA Il
38. s to create and present a fused situational awareness display to the flight Crew Output of ADS B and TAS TCAS I traffic data to an external display The GDL 88 is capable of providing a situational awareness traffic display on compatible displays Output of FIS B weather data to an external display The GDL 88 is capable of providing various textual and graphical weather 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 1 1 1 2 products for display on compatible displays Tratfic alerting The GDL 88 provides aural and visual cues of impending traffic conflicts to include directional aural Traffic Two O clock Two Miles Low Single point of entry for transponder squawk code IDENT and emergency status GDL 88 Part Numbers Part Number Description 010 00859 30 GDL 88 010 00860 30 GDL 88 Internal WAAS with install kit 010 00861 30 GDL 88 Diversity with install kit 010 00862 30 GDL 88 Diversity Internal WAAS with install kit Table 1 1 GDL 88 Configurations GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 2 ADS B SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADS B is a core technology in the FAA Next Gen air traffic control system and is comprised of three segments ADS B Broadcast ADS R Rebroadcast and TIS B Nearly 400 ADS B ground stations were completed and operational by mid 2012 with most of the rest totaling more than 700 planned stations expected
39. s surveillance target information on the ADS B data link for unequipped targets or targets transmitting only on another ADS B link TIS B is a free service available to aircraft operators equipped with ADS B Out and ADS B In Universal Access Transceiver The GDL 88 UAT transmits ADS B Out data on the 978 MHz UAT frequency The GDL 88 UAT receives ADS B ADS R 5 FIS B 978 Transponder The equipment which broadcasts aircraft code altitude and other information to ground facilities and other aircraft GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 1 3 7 4 This page intentionally left blank GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide A GARMIN 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 8 APPENDIX 8 1 Troubleshooting If efforts to resolve the problem fail contact your dealer or customer service for technical assistance Please have the following information ready System configuration products antennas mounting locations etc Model No part number and serial number Software versions Description of the problem Efforts made to isolate solve the problem Garmin International Inc Aviation Products Customer Service Department 1200 East 15 1st Street Olathe KS 66062 3426 USA 1 866 739 5687 https fly garmin com fly garmin External ADS B Annunciator When one or more GDL 88 faults are present the ADS B annunciator activates one or both of two lights to indicate the presence and typ
40. to be operational by early 2014 The graphic below illustrates where ADS B is currently operational In the areas highlighted in blue you can already start taking advantage of ADS B5 datalink traffic and subscription free weather services if you re equipped with an ADS B In solution NOTE Coverage areas and tower locations are approximate with network map current as of 6 12 2012 Depicts typical airborne reception at approximately 1 500 feet AGL User s signal reception range may vary depending on receiver altitude above ground and any intervening physical obstructions to line of sight uplink Figure 2 1 ADS B Ground Stations mid 2012 FAA Illustration 190 01122 03 Rev A GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 2 1 2 2 GARMIN Puerto Rico 800 Coverage at 28 000 feet Figure 2 2 ADS B Coverage vs Altitude Planned for 2014 FAA Illustration GDL 88 ADS B Transceiver Pilot s Guide 190 01122 03 Rev A GARMIN 2 1 ADS B Broadcast ADS B ADS B is the automatic broadcast of position reports by aircraft surface vehicles and transmitters on fixed objects These broadcasts contain much more data than just a simple position report they include identity Flight ID Call Sign Tail Number ICAO registration number etc ground track ground speed pressure altitude indications of multitude capabilities and emergency status This list of data is non inclusive of other data fields
41. uch weather information is merely supplemental and advisory in nature and is not intended to be relied upon as safety critical information in connection with any aviation vehicle or marine usage The user should always exercise caution and common sense when confronted with severe weather conditions WARNING Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in near or around areas of hazardous weather Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current weather conditions WARNING Traffic information is provided as an aid in visually acquiring traffic Pilots must maneuver the aircraft based only upon ATC guidance or positive visual acquisition of conflicting traffic CAUTION The Garmin GDL 88 does not contain any user serviceable parts Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void both the warranty and the pilot s authority to operate this device under FAA FCC regulations NOTE All visual depictions contained within this document including images of the GDL 88 and the bezel displays and screens of other products are subject to change and may not reflect the most current software or hardware Depictions of equipment may differ slightly from the actual equipment NOTE This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmfu
42. ulations and comparison a decibel or logarithmic scale dBZ is used The dBZ values increase as the strength of the signal returned to the radar increases 5 1 4 NEXRAD When enabled NEXRAD weather information is shown Composite data from all of the NEXRAD radar sites in the United States is shown This data is composed of the maximum reflectivity from the individual radar sweeps The display of the information is color coded to indicate the weather level severity FIS B NEXRAD does not differentiate between frozen and liquid precipitation Refer to the previously shown legend for a description of the color code Ihe NEXRAD option has selections of Regional CONUS or Combined NEXRAD only available with GTN units CONUS NEXRAD includes a composite of available NEXRAD radar imagery across the 48 states Regional NEXRAD is a composite of available NEXRAD radar imagery in a local area showing a more detailed image than CONUS NEXRAD Continental US NEXRAD CONUS The Display CONUS NEXRAD selection shows NEXRAD radar information for the entire continental United States CONUS NEXRAD data is updated every 15 minutes The resolution of displayed CONUS NEXRAD data is approximately 10 kilometers 5 4 NM The intensity level reflected by the square will be the highest level sampled within the area covered by each block Regional NEXRAD Ihe Regional NEXRAD selection shows regional NEXRAD radar information within 500 miles of the aircraft loc
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