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DCS TV Converter Box 954 User's Manual

1. Mains Supply 3 pin IEC CEE22 Switched fused and filtered IEC mains connector Additional Information As well as connectors the rear panel displays the following information about the unit near the mains supply connector Mains Voltage The actual voltage setting supplied Model Number dCS 954 Manufacturers Name and Country of origin dCS Ltd UK Serial Number The underside of the unit will have a label on that contains a number such as 954 4B1 6B2 2A1 3A2 12345 This is the serial number but it also contains vital configuration information We will need this number all of it to give you support over the phone or to ship you software updates dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Front Panel 2 BLL AES1 ck 192 wz Mu i E eve Ag Coarse AES2 AES3 AES4 BNC Lock Lo B a a a a a a Direct Stream Digital MENU Step Set Ki gt dCS 954 D to A Converter Figure 3 Front Panel The dCS 954 uses a combination of front panel buttons for frequently changed functions and a step through menu for features you might set and forget AES1 AES2 AES3 AES4 amp BNC IRIRE The 5 buttons on the left side of the front panel select the active input s The LEDs above these switches indicate the input status as follows LED state Function Bright Source available and selected More than one for multi wire Dim Source available but not selected Off Source not available
2. Sief infinite i of screens o ee eta led ewe ene er re am i l i H of f frame e i SI ey it nee EN EE axes ade Ge pe wale ooo ae ose E connect dots l A off op PENE Er EE et Gb br ge ie 20 0000 V 15 0000 4 5108 ms 189 2 us 5 1892 ms 1 00 ms div realtime V de rms C13 7 87083 avg C 139 240 695m Yavg C2 110 433m Figure 5 In phase Sys waveform Referring to Figure 5 if the triangular sections point up that channel is in phase A triangular section pointing up with a rectangular block on its left side indicates left channel A rectangular block on the right indicates right channel Figure 6 shows the waveforms with both channels inverted Ap DISPLAY peak detect ft infinite i i of screens E a ee ad dog em i i H i off frame HE eal a ily A ae ee ge Ae NR aves FETE EEE EEE ME Ne e connect dots i l off ER 10 0000 V 6 75000 4 5108 ms 189 2 us 5 1592 ms 1 00 ms div realtime V de rms C13 4 02463 Y Vavg C 10 172 699m vavg C 21 76 363 1mv Figure 6 Out of phase Sys waveform These waveforms are not affected by the setting of the Phase button Set Sys to Off when you have finished checking Sys is turned off at power down dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 l For Input Format Sets the AES input multi wire format Input Format There are 4 optio
3. warning has been ignored and the unit is getting so hot that damage may follow blank If the display is completely blank for any significant period try switching off for 10 seconds then switching on again If this does not solve the problem contact your distributor or dCs The display is also used for Menu options dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC136954 iss 2B1 Page 17 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more dcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcsltd co uk dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 THE SOFTWARE THE MENU Overview The dCS 954 has many other functions that either need to be accessed only occasionally or are informative in nature These functions can be accessed either by the Remote software running on a PC and connected to the unit by an RS 232 link or in most cases by the Menu via the front panel If a function is set by the menu or the Remote the unit remembers it and it will be set this way for ever or until you set it to something different You can customise your unit in this way Information only items are displayed for a time then the display reverts to normal Menu buttons are indicated by white text on the front panel There are four Step otherwise the Active Input This is the input selector button w
4. Edge 1 6765 1 mv Figure 25 Word Clock In to AES3 Reference Out 96 kS s fo running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 2 500 NV 1 000 1 Ase de 2 2 00 V div BH lim 4 000 NV 10 0081 148 de 2 5000 us 0 000 s 2 5000 us 500 ns di v repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 676 1 mv Figure 26 Word Clock in to AES3 Reference Out 44 1 kS s dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Digital Interface Specifications AES EBU AES3 Output Type Balanced differential Impedance 110 110 Sensitivity unloaded 1 10 7 Maximum Wordlength 24 24 Damage level gt 20 Connector XLR3 female XLR3 male Connections Ground or shield Signal Signal Table 4 AES EBU i o specifications SDIF 2 SDIF 3 and DSD Type Single ended ground referred Impedance 100 25 Sensitivity unloaded TTL Maximum Wordlength 24 24 Damage level gt 10 Time skew Word Clock in out lt 40 Connector BNC x 3 BNC x 1 Connections CH1 left CH2 right Clk In amp Out Table 5 SDIF 2 SDIF 3 and DSD i o specifications Remote control interface Input Output Type RS 232 Level RS 232 Baud Rates 1200 2400 4800 9600 Data Format Contact dCs Connector 9 way D type male Table 6 Remote Control Interface Details dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Analogue Interface Specifications Balanced Outputs Type Balanced semi floating Format
5. If the unit is already locked to SDIF or DSD the RefC option is disabled BNC O BNC Output In PCM mode this sets the format of the BNC Out connector Clk Out SDIF Sends out SDIF Word Clock on the Clk Out connector The unit must be locked to generate an output AES Sends out AES3 coded data at TTL levels at up to 96 kS s on the Clk Out connector This works when the unit is locked to Single AES SDIF or BNC AES input Panel Panel Control Sets the operation of the Phase and De Emphasis buttons Phase sets the two buttons to their standard functions Vol The two buttons act as a digital volume control Phase reduces the Volume in 0 1dB steps while De Emphasis increases the Volume The change accelerates if a button is held down The range is OdB to 200B Phone dCS telephone number scrolls across the display Facs dCS fax number scrolls across the display Part The control board part number version scrolls along the display dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd S No Flip Loc End Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 The control board serial number scrolls along the display You will need something to write this on if you call us for help Flip channels Normally set to Off If you find the Left and Right outputs from your system are reversed due to a connection error set Flio to On to digitally swap them back The main display shows Flip d while this feature is turned on Flip is not
6. Unbalanced Output Details 00 n00n00nnannnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnne 46 Table 9 dCS 904 ADC Group Delay in microsecs v1 31 software 48 Table 10 dCS 954 DAC group delay in microsecs v1 30 software 48 Table 11 SDIF 2 Messages rrrrrrrnnnnnnnnnnvanrrnanrrnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnanennnnennnnnnnnsnnanennnnennn 53 Table 12 RS 232 Command Get 64 Table 13 Internal Error Codes cccccccceeeceeeeeeeeceeeteeteeeteeeseeseetseeseeeeeees 76 Table 14 System Error Codes rrrnnnnnnannnanennnrnnnrnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnanennnenanennnennnen 77 Table 15 dCS Phone Numbers ccc cc ececccecececececcccacececececeauaveceneneneananass 80 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Figures Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 FET FANN 8 Figure 2 Rear PENNE 10 Salle E FOM PENG ass 12 Figure 4 NEE Ener 19 Figure 5 In phase Sys waveform ccccseccceeeceeeeseeeeseeeseceseeeeseueeseeeseneesaees 25 Figure 6 Out of phase Sys waveform rrrarrnrnrernnrevnnnrvanrnrnnrnnnnennnnennnnnanennnne 25 Figure 7 DSD input Gopnfguraton 30 Figure 8 Syncing a dCS 954 toaMasterClock 30 Figure 9 Replaying 2 channel DSD from an 8 track 16 44 1 PCM BEE Eeer Eeer 31 Figure 10 Multi unit Remote Daisy Cham 31 Figure 11 SK channel S t UP ae 32 Figure 12 Replaying a 6 channel DSD recording from a 24 track 16 44 1 1916 0 EE 33 Figu
7. mode and check that the unit locks If you are using SDIF 2 set the BNC menu item to SDIF and the BNC menu item to Input dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 The unit fails to respond to the controls While locking to a source or changing some settings e g Filter the microcontroller inside the unit is busy and will not respond to new commands for a few seconds Turning DSD mode on and off occupies the microcontroller for about 15 seconds Short mains supply drop outs may cause the microcontroller to lock up Switch off the unit wait 10 seconds then switch on again If this does not clear the fault please contact your dealer The Remote Control disables the front panel controls The audio output is low or absent Check that all cables are connected correctly and not damaged Damaged cables are a VERY common source of malfunctions Check that the source and destination equipments are switched on and correctly set up Check that the unit is locked to the source you want to monitor Ensure Mute is not enabled LED off Set the Volume control 0 0dB Ensure the source is sending audio data If the Ref In menu item is set to AAC change it to Route With PCM inputs DDC mode disables the analogue outputs The level trimmers on the rear panel do not change the output level Ensure the trim tool or flat bladed screwdriver you are using IS narrow enough to reach the adjuster abo
8. In order to ensure speedy turn around please contact us prior to returning the unit Warranty Your dCS 954 is guaranteed for a period of 12 months against faulty workmanship or materials Warranty repairs should only be carried out by dCS or an authorised distributor This warranty will be invalidated if the unit is misused or tampered with in any way Safety and Electrical Safety There are no user serviceable parts inside the dCS 954 and so there is no need to remove the covers apart from front panel software updates If for some reason you do IMPORTANT Disconnect from the mains before removing any covers or changing the fuse There are no substances hazardous to health inside the dCs 954 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC136954 iss 2B1 Page 15 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more Qdcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcslitd co uk dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 TROUBLESHOOTING Error Codes and Messages The error codes and messages reported by dCS 954 provide an effective means to diagnose the majority of problems that may be encountered in use including problems with the overall system the unit operates in internal device warnings and internal device failures Please note that through damage or component failure the unit s
9. Units will revert back to 1200 baud if they are switched off and on they do not remember what they were last set to 9600 baud is currently not fully tested over all temperatures It can be used for single units operating in a benign environment Timing Accuracy and Warnings The units use clock dividers derived from their crystals to produce the RS 232 signals The frequency of operation is measured to be better than 2 for all baud rates with both crystals Some of the commands however switch clock frequencies and these may be controlled by phase locked loops with long time constants While this is happening correct RS 232 timing cannot be guaranteed and the units should not be addressed a period of 30 secs should be allowed after switching clock frequencies for timings to stabilise Units acknowledge and repeat back their actions on receipt of acommand The acknowledge should be waited for and checked before proceeding to the next command see Acknowledge Message below dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Transmit Message The system employs the following protocol all transactions are initiated by the PC The PC is the transmitter and units on the daisy chain are receivers Byte 1 ID of unit to process command Byte 2 Command single byte Byte 3 Length of parameter string Byte 4 List of parameters Last byte Checksum of parameter list The minimum length of a tr
10. dBu dBV kS s ADC DAC DDC Level in decibels referred to a full scale sine wave in a sampled system So 0 dBO is full scale Level in decibels referred to a 0 775V rms sine wave with no external loading u unloaded The level of 0 775V is derived from the older dBm for which the reference level is 1mW of signal power into a 600Q termination from an output with 600Q source impedance Level in decibels referred to a 1 0V rms sine wave with no external loading Sample rate in kilo samples per second This replaces kHz which is technically incorrect when referring to sample rates Analogue to Digital converter also known as an A D Digital to Analogue converter also known as a D A Digital to Digital converter used for format conversion and some DSP operations that change the data dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Full Contents Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Product Features narnvnnnnvnnnnnnvnnvnnnnvnvnnvnvnnvavnvnnvnnvavnvnnvavnnvavnvnnvavnnvnvnnvnvnnvnvnvnnvnvnnn 3 Formats 3 Syncing 3 Functions 3 Test Generator 3 Ease of Use 3 GHEET 4 About this Manual 5 Using Your dCS 954 For The First Time rnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnuvnnnnvnnnnnnnunnnnvrnnvennnuennn 6 Product Overview 6 What s in the Box 6 Mains Voltages 6 Installing Unit in a Rack T Getting Started 8 The Hardware Controls and COnnectors cccccceeeceseceeeeseceeeeneeneeeesenenees 10 Rear
11. AES 14 1992 Source Impedance lt 3 20Hz 20kHz Maximum Load 600 Noise unweighted lt 110 20Hz 20kHz Spurious responses lt 100 20Hz 20kHz 110 dBO typ Signal Balance gt 40 dB spec 45 dB typ 53 dB typ 53 dB typ L R crosstalk dBO 20Hz 20kHz Level for Full Scale 14 dBu as shipped Trim range 6 dB Connector type XLR3 male Connections Ground or shield Signal Signal Table 7 Balanced Output Details Unbalanced Outputs Type Unbalanced ground referred Source Impedance 52 Q Maximum Load 600 Q Noise unweighted lt 110 dBO spec 20Hz 20kHz Spurious responses lt 100 dBO 20Hz 20kHz Level for Full Scale 8 dBu Connector type RCA phono Table 8 Unbalanced Output Details dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Frequency Response The overall frequency response is determined by the sample rate the digital filter and the analogue filter If imaging is to be avoided all filters must cut off before Fs 2 is reached with a margin to allow for sufficient attenuation to be reached to effectively eliminate Nyquist images At a sample rate of 44 1kS s a flat 20kHz pass band must be maintained with at least 80dB of attenuation above Fs 2 22 05kHz This allows barely 2kHz margin between the pass band and the stop band for the filter to do its work necessitating a very sharp filter At sample rates of 88 2kS s and above th
12. are in the correct order and press the AES1 button The 4 LEDs above the buttons will brighten the unit will display dSd and unmute The unit detects swapped or missing wires by displaying for example 324 or 34 DSD is so different from PCM that many of the PCM related features are no longer appropriate or are not implemented the Mute and Coarse Lock buttons operate as usual the Phase and De Emphasis buttons do not work and the Volume control is disabled the following Menu items are disabled or have their functions locked Data A Cut A Sel Tone Sys I For BNC I BNC BNC O Panel and Flip Filt works there are 4 filter options in DSD mode See the section on DSD starting on page 40 for more details they trade off ultrasonic signal bandwidth and out of band noise A Cut is set to On as DSD data in multi wire AES formats should be flagged as Non Audio The Ref In option is disabled in SDIF DSD mode dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd IMPORTANT Test Data Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 If the Non Audio flag is stripped by the recorder and the dCS 954 is not set to DSD mode it will accept DSD data as AES3 PCM and will output potentially damaging full scale noise If you connect DSD to the SDIF input and select it while DSD mode is Off the unit will remain muted identify the format automatically select DSD mode and unmute If you connect SDIF while DSD mode is On the unit
13. at data edges edges are the only things that carry time information and has to extract enough information from these to generate an stable internal clock This stability criterion is much greater for a DAC which has to produce an analogue output than for a piece of digital equipment which just has to avoid data corruption The task is generally carried out in a phase locked loop PLL This controls an internal oscillator a VCXO in dCS equipment such that on average the rate that this produces clock edges is the same as the rate the incoming signal produces clock edges the frequencies are the same and such that the phases of these two clocks incoming and internally generated is on average fixed they line up in the same way each time On average is the key phrase The purpose of the PLL is to produce a clean clock from one that may have come through a lot of digital equipment and may not be so good So the internal clock has to allow the incoming one to wander around a bit jitter without causing any local upsets The rate that the internal one changes if the incoming one changes is related to the bandwidth of the PLL If the bandwidth is high the internal one tracks rapid changes in the incoming signal and jitters the output in line with the input accordingly If the bandwidth is low the clock used for reconstituting the analogue signal can be very good and jitter free but at any particular time the difference in phase
14. div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 1 500 3 Figure 22 Word Clock in to Word Clock Out 44 1 kS s dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 AES3 in and out Reference Out are related as below where they are at the same sample rate and the AES3 input is used as a sync source The alignment is better than 40ns Input is at the top of the displays output is at the bottom Signals are at the sockets on the dCS 954 the unit was slaved to AES1 and the Ref In menu item was set to Route fe running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 53 500 NV 10 00 1 148 de 2 2 00 Vr div HBH lim 4 000 i 10 00 1 1M de 1 0000 us 0 000 s 1 0000 us 200 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge E f 2 184 Figure 23 AES3 in to AES3 out 96 kS s Zo running 1 2 00 V div BH lim 53 500 16 00 1 Ase de I2 2 00 V div ge 8 FE GS pole EEE ae RE SOE VEN ER ETE OE Ae Aes EN Re 2 5000 us O 000 s 2 5000 us 500 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge E f 2 184 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Figure 24 AES3 in to AES3 out 44 1 kS s AES3 Reference Out is also related to the phase of Clk In The scope shots below were taken with the unit sync d to Clk In fo running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 2 500 NV 1 000 1 Ase de 2 2 00 V div BH lim 4 000 NV 10 0087 148 de 1 0000 us 0 000 s 1 0000 us 200 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode
15. input cables are connected in the right order The units self align quite accurately see section Sample Alignment on page 41 onwards Alternatively Word Clock may be used as the syncing method with no special set ups The source could be three 8 track recorders slaved together The data streams must be bit sync ed dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Replaying 8 Channel P3D DSD dC 5 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Ch1 Ch2 Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier dCs 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier 44 1kS s Word Clock dc S 992 AES 1 AES 2 AES 3 AES 4 Wordclock Output h AES EBU Output dCs 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier i dC 5 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 13 8 channel P3D DSD setup Four P3D capable units and a Master Clock can be used as above to convert 8 channels of P3D encoded DSD Set all 4 DACs to dSd3 mode on the DSD menu page and press the AES1 button to select the P3D input Select a filter and ensure Mute is off J p10991 4q OL S SA tt BUUBYD pZ WO dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Upsampling a CD DIGITAL
16. no conversion The data on a Dual or Quad AES input is converted to Double speed Single AES 176 4kS s is converted to 88 2kS s and 192kS s is converted to 96kS s lf BNC in SDIF mode is selected the output is AES clock with no data at the Word Clock rate If the input is 4 wire DSD the data is converted to SDIF format DSD and sent to the SDIF inputs SDIF Ch1 is checked first before the SDIF inputs are changed to DSD outputs In DDC mode the analogue outputs are generally muted because the units resources are used to perform a digital to digital conversion They are not muted if the input is 4 wire DSD dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Tone Tone Generator This controls an internal one Generator whose level and frequency can be adjusted Pressing Set enters a submenu which accesses the following functions Level The output level in dBO It can be changed in 0 1dB steps using the II and DENN buttons Press F to accept the change The rate of change accelerates if the button is held down The range is from OdBO to 120dBO Freq The output frequency in kHz It can be changed by using the MY and EI buttons Press EY to accept the change The rate of change accelerates if the button is held down The step size becomes progressively smaller below 1kHz On Off Toggles whether the Generator is on or off Up Allows the menu to be re entered to set other functions Alternativ
17. stored at power down so you should correct the error and turn Flip Off Lock Unlock front panel Front panel Lock normally Off Set to On to prevent unauthorised changes using the front panel buttons The menu has to be accessed to turn the lock off again Exits the menu dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC 136954 iss 2B1 Page 29 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more Qdcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcslitd co uk dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Using a dCS 954 for DSD MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 7 DSD input configuration Set cSd in the menu to On press the BNC button Select a filter Ensure Mute is Off Using a Master Clock to Sync a dCS 954 dcs 992 i Fuse 2AT On Off Single Dual or Quad AES dcs 954 L R L R Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 8 Syncing a dCS 954 to a Master Clock Set BNC in the menu to RefCl Select the required input s then press the BNC button as well Sync the source to the Master Clock dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Replaying DSD from an 8 track 16 44 1 PCM Re
18. tables References to other sections in the text have the Section Name page in quotation marks and bolded IMPORTANT Important information is presented like this ignoring this may cause you to damage the unit or invalidate the warranty The manual covers standard units and units with P3D option P3D is a DSD data format and these units have changed internal hardware to accommodate it Information that is specific to P3D units is greyed The manual is designed to be helpful If there are points you feel we could cover better or that we have missed out please tell us dCS 954 User Manual dCS Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 USING YOUR dCS 954 FOR THE FIRST TIME Product Overview The dCS 954 DAC Digital to Analogue Converter is a high performance converter intended for studio and live recording applications It is designed to produce very high standard analogue output from high quality digital data formats for example 192 kS s or DSD or standard formats for example Red Book CD or 24 96 AES3 SDIF 2 PCM formats and several DSD formats are all supported Multiple units may be slaved to a master clock for stable multi channel operation The unit is mains powered and is housed in a 1U 1 75 high 19 rack mounting case It may be controlled either from its front panel or from a software based remote control running on a PC The last setting is automatically stored on power down so th
19. takes time There is also no need to wait prior to moving on to step 10 Transmit gt 2 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 2 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 2 requested mode Transmit gt 38 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 3 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 3 requested mode Transmit gt 4 DSD MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 4 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 4 requested mode Transmit gt 5 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 5 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 5 requested mode Check DACs for mode change This command allows the Transmitter to check the mode of the DACs If a unit has not changed the transmitter should go back to step 8 and repeat the command Transmit gt 6 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 6 actual mode Transmit gt 7 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 7 actual mode dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd 11 Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Transmit gt 8 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 8 actual mode Transmit gt 9 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 9 actual mode Check ADCs for mode change This command allows the Transmitter to check the mode of the ADCs If a unit has not changed the transmitter should go back to step 9 and repeat the command Transmit gt 2 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 2 actual mode Transmit gt 3 REQUEST_ DSD MODE Res
20. the accuracy with which the ear can tell what the frequency is decreases and above a limit all the ear can tell is that there is a signal and it is above kHz It can tell no more So it may be that a small amount of Nyquist imaging is acceptable to the ear The filters that we have included give increasingly good energy smear performance and consequently have increasingly relaxed roll off FiLT I gives the sharpest roll off with no Nyquist images but the worst energy smear Then as the number increases the smear decreases but the imaging increases Try them to see which you prefer You may find that for different material different filters are appropriate and you may find that for different stages in the recording and mastering process different filters are appropriate Our users tell us that they find the ability to select different anti image filters very useful Generally for classical music number 2 is preferred while 3 amp 4 are popular with users recording rock and jazz Opinions differ widely so try them for yourself The dCS 954 uses linear phase FIR filters to avoid the limit cycle problems that come with many IIR filters Linear phase gives filters a symmetrical transient response before and after a transient pre ringing The passband may or may not have a ripple depending on the filter being used The stop band is typically below 110dBO and can be as low as 130dBO 4 See for example P
21. this to Word Clock In Set the BNC menu item to SDIF and the BNC item to RefCl Press the BNC button the unit should lock and display b followed by the sample rate e Check that the AES Reference In or Word Clock In cable is connected correctly and not damaged e Check that the Master Clock is switched on set to the right sample rate and does not require re calibration e Connect a different piece of digital equipment to test the locking capability of the unit If the condition persists contact your Distributor or dCs The unit slaves to Word Clock but not AES Reference e This can be caused by erroneous system messages Contact your Distributor or dCS for advice The sound has a peculiar tonal balance e f the sample rate is 48kS s or lower the De Emphasis setting may be incorrect Press the De Emphasis button repeatedly until the mode display shows A Auto e If this fails to correct the problem the De Emphasis flags in the data stream may be incorrectly set this is rare but it does happen Press the De Emphasis button to cycle through 5 C and in turn until the correct setting is found When you change to a different disk or tape we recommend setting De Emphasis to Auto again dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd dCS SUPPORT wish Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 If you wish your unit did something it does not or that this manual told you something it does not or that we made something
22. to settle It is recommended that there is no RS 232 activity for 3 seconds after the Master Clock frequency is switched to ensure all units have time to settle When operating in DSD mode units assume their reference clocks are operating at 44 1kHz If a different frequency reference is used they will continuously monitor the reference clock frequency preventing RS 232 accesses It is therefore important to ensure the reference clock is set to 44 1kHz prior to entering DSD mode and that DSD mode is left prior to changing the reference clock to another frequency Example Switching to 96k PCM The following example covers the system of nine units in two complex format changes Change the ADC and DAC operating mode to PCM prior to changing the Master Clock frequency Change the DAC operating mode prior to the ADC When changing the Master Clock frequency the system should be allowed to settle to the new frequency before any further RS 232 activity 1 Command DACs 6 7 8 and 9 to change mode the units may take up to 15 seconds to complete this command if the previous mode had been DSD the FPGAs need to be re loaded which takes time There is no need to wait prior to moving on to step 2 Transmit gt 6 DSD_ MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 6 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 6 requested mode Transmit gt 7 DSD_ MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 7 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd 3 4 5 Manual for Standard Softwar
23. when the unit is not muted Auto Muting should not be disabled unless absolutely necessary as this will prevent the unit muting if data errors occur or a non audio CD is played Monitoring such data can cause loudspeaker and hearing damage When set to On automatic input selection is active The unit will detect the inputs connected to an active source and select one in the priority order AES1 AES2 AES3 AES4 BNC If the selected input is disconnected or turned off the unit will select the active input with the highest priority You can select a different input by pressing the appropriate button You might wish to use this function when a main signal is being fed into one input with a backup signal from another source being fed into a different input If the main signal fails the unit will automatically switch to the backup Or if you wish the dCS 954 to just play whatever you plug into it and not worry about which input you are using you might wish to set A Se to On If the For menu item Input Format see page 25 is set to Auto the unit will read the multi wire format from the message flags in the AES3 data streams selecting Dual or Quad AES groups as necessary If the message flags are incorrectly set the unit may set the wrong multi wire format dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd RS232 IMPORTANT Ref In IMPORTANT Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 If the input format is set to Single Dual
24. will remain muted until you set DSD mode to Off To use P3D mode assuming your hardware is suitable first set the DSD menu option to dSd3 Connect the three wire encoded DSD 44 1kS s data streams to the AES1 3 inputs taking care to ensure they are in the correct order and press the AES1 button The 3 LEDs above the buttons will brighten and the display will show dSd Contact dCs for further details Runs a display self test routine When successfully completed the unit displays Pass and returns to normal operation Otherwise an error message Err xy IS displayed please refer to Error Codes and Messages on page 76 for more specific information Reads and displays the message information from an incoming AES EBU data stream This provides a simple access to the digital audio message bits for reference or to assist with system debugging There are separate data sets for Professional and Consumer streams the unit reads the incoming stream and decides which it is Pressing Set again steps through the message fields see the Appendix for a fuller listing of what these are First field Pro Professional use channel status block or Con Consumer use channel status block Second field Audio Audio data or n Aud Non audio data Third field N Ind Emphasis not indicated or None No emphasis or SU l 50 15us emphasis or de K CCITT J 17 emphasis or D Unable to decode emphasis or CPY P Copy prohibit
25. with AES3 samples out Reference Out the rising edge of Word Clock Out aligning with the start of the first illegal code in the X Z subframe preamble and the falling edge aligning with the start of the Y subframe preamble fe running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 2 500 NV 1 000 1 SOs de 2 2 00 Vr div BH lim 4 000 10 00 1 1988 de 1 0000 us 0 000 s 1 0000 us 200 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 6765 1 mv Figure 19 Word Clock and AES3 outputs 96 kS s fo running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 2 500 NV 1 000 1 30s de 2 2 00 V div BH lim 4 000 NV 10 00 1 Ase de 2 5000 us 0 000 s 2 5000 us 500 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 675 1 mv Figure 20 Word Clock and AES3 outputs 44 1 kS s dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 When Word Clock In is used as a sync source in and out are related as below The lower waveform is the output the upper one is the input The misalignment is less than about 40ns The scope shots below were taken with the unit sync d to Word Clock In fo running 1 2 00 Wediv BH lim 2 000 NV 1 000 1 Ase de 2 2 00 V div 1 0000 us 0 000 s 1 0000 us 200 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 1 500 Figure 21 Word Clock In to Word Clock Out 96 kS s fe running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 2 000 NV 1 000 1 Ase de 2 2 00 V div BH lim 5 500 NV 1 000 1 50 de 2 5000 us 0 000 s 2 5000 us 500 ns
26. 0 us 200 ns di v repetitive Trigger Mode Edge E 15 35 Figure 31 AES3 format at 96 kS s over 94 metres dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd SDIF 2 PCM Format Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 The SDIF 2 interface is a 4 wire NRZ interface so the DC level on each signal line may not be constant It contains 20 bits of audio data and has a block structure of 256 stereo samples rather than the 192 of AES EBU There are 8 bits of message per channel per sample with a further 3 bits being used for an illegal code based sync code Of the 8 bits per sample the 8 in the first sample are reserved for system messaging and the rest are for User messages The 4 wires are Ground return Left Channel Ch1 Right Channel Ch2 Word Clock The sync codes can enable data recovery without the word clock if necessary but with the number of data formats in current operation this method of locking is strongly discouraged The waveforms below show SDIF 2 waveforms data and Word Clock at 44 1 kS s and 96 kS s fo running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 53 500 1 000 1 30s de 2 00 Vedi pos 1 000 EN 1 000 1 SOs de I aa mete te EE Dr R HE VE r ECRENECEE 10 000 us 0 000 s 10 000 us pl op 2 00 us di v repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 1 500 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Figure 32 SDIF 2 PCM format at 96 kS s fo running 1 2
27. 00 VVrdiv BH lim 53 500 NV 1 000 1 50 de 2 2 00 vV div EE SEERE fax BP Ne Sy of ee ah SE JD EN GR A 1 500 V ENER en Se mn ee 100081 508 de 25 000 us O 000 s 25 000 us p on 5 00 ys div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge 1 2 500 Figure 33 SDIF 2 PCM format at 44 1 kS s SDIF 2 Messaging The SDIF 2 message details are defined in the table following DESCRIPTION Definition Undefined 0000 Oxxx Emphasis No emphasis XXXX X00x Emphasis 15usec 50usec XXXX X01x Dubbing Prohibit Dubbing allowed XXXX XXXO Dubbing inhibited XXXX XXX1 Block Code Start of block XXXX XXXX 1 Not start of block XXXX XXXX Q Table 11 SDIF 2 Messages dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 DSD on SDIF 2 An SDIF 2 interface can be used for DSD The waveforms appear quite different to PCM format However they do produce transitions where the illegal code transitions were and for this reason we advise against locking to the illegal transitions in SDIF 2 We recommend always using Word Clock with SDIF 2 signalling fo running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 53 500 NV 1 000 1 30s de 2 2 00 VWidi v pos 6 000 Y 1 000 1 50 de 25 000 us O 000 s 25 000 us p on 5 00 us di v repetitive Trigger Mode Edge L 1 500 Figure 34 DSD using SDIF 2 electrical format DSD on SDIF 3 SDIF 3 embeds a clock in the SDIF 2 data stream and so does not need word clock It is us
28. 53 Figure 34 DSD using SDIF 2 electrical format 00nnnannannnennnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnne 54 Figure 35 Temperature rise above ambient for a unit in a stack of 3 with DOOR VEMUIAUON EE 66 Figure 36 Changing the Mains use 72 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Keywords and Phrases T TOO EE 22 A AB COMPANSONS a er 27 Active input n e RE 13 Active input LED an 13 FFU 22 NES We IEN 12 AES DION Lu 12 AES S DUTON agere 12 PES blond 12 26 PES EE 49 PES NIS se 10 AES3 message 21 22 26 49 77 Analogue outputs n nnennenneneennennnennennai 22 23 Anti image filtering rarrrnnrrrnnnnnrnnrnnnnevnnnennn 38 5 EE 22 Automatic input selechon 22 B BER af 55 BIL ENO Tale havnen der 55 BNC button 12 27 Button active mput 13 Button AES EE user 12 Eifer IV LEE 12 Button coareelock 13 Button de empbass 14 27 BURtOM TIN EE 14 Button phase 14 27 C Cables damaged 77 Channel swapping sa nnennnennonnnnnennnnerennnenne 28 SK a E E AAE le 11 CIK Ole ea a tie 11 27 Coarse IOC med 13 Coarse lock button 13 Coarse lock ED 13 Crystal Oscilator NE 39 D Daisy chain reierence 10 Daisy Chain RG 23 11 56 Damaged cables rrannrnnnrnnnrnnnrnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnee 77 DDC MOUE EE 23 De emphasis E 63 De Emphasis button errorrrnrrnrernrnnnnnn 14 27 Delay FOU ude 48 Display let ne WEE ER Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Display mode rer 15 22 Dis
29. ACS 954 Digital to Analogue Converter User Manual Standard software version 1 5x P3D software version 1 36 June 2000 1997 1999 2000 dCS Ltd All rights reserved Reproduction of this manual in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of dCS is strictly forbidden Additional copies of this manual may be obtained from dCs Information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice and whilst it is checked for accuracy no liabilities can be accepted for errors 1 dCS Ltd is Data Conversion Systems Ltd Company registered in England UK no 2072115 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC136954 iss 2B1 Page 2 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more Qdcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcsltd co uk dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 PRODUCT FEATURES Formats Syncing Functions Test Generator Ease of Use DSD and PCM from 192 kS s down to 32 kS s Data formats supported are AES EBU XLR and BNC Dual AES XLR Quad AES XLR AES data at TTL levels and SDIF 2 PCM and DSD SDIF 3 DSD DSD packed into 4 AES links P3D option DSD packed into 3 AES links Can sync to Word Clock or AES reference or input signal and sync to video option available Very high performance DAC free from gai
30. Flashing Source selected but not available Connect the source equipment to the unit as necessary The unit will indicate active inputs by dimly lighting the appropriate LED To manually select a single input press the appropriate button hold it down for a second then release The LED over the button will brighten and the unit will attempt to lock to that input The BNC button selects the SDIF input Note that this can be either SDIF 2 or 3 if DSD is being used automatically sensed or TTL level AES3 under menu control See menu commands BNC BNC BNC O on page 26 onwards To select a Dual AES input on AES1 amp 2 press the AES1 and AES2 buttons together hold for a second and release the AES2 button first Similarly for Dual AES on AES3 amp 4 press the AES3 and AES4 buttons together releasing the AES4 button first The two LEDs over the chosen buttons will brighten and the unit will attempt to lock to the Dual AES input To select a Quad AES input on AES1 2 3 amp 4 press the AES1 amp AES4 buttons together hold for a second and release the AES4 button first The four LEDs will brighten and the unit will attempt to lock to the Quad AES input IMPORTANT Take extra care when connecting Quad AES as it is very easy to connect the wires in the wrong order Although dCS puts messaging in data streams to allow equipment to sort this sort of problem out itself not all other manufacturers do If there is no messaging in the dat
31. Ltd June 2000 dCS 954 TECHNICAL INFORMATION Anti Image Filtering The dCS 954 offers a choice of 4 anti image filters on most sample rates These filters affect the ultrasonic part of the spectrum 20 kHz upwards The unit is a DAC with an output data rate set by the interface standard used The bandwidth of the oversampling converter used is high and so any signals that are in the input data will produce Nyquist Images in the output signal if they are not removed by filtering The demands on this anti image filter can be quite severe at the lower normal sample rates it must pass signals in the audio band 0 20 kHz unimpaired but it must remove images above Fs 2 This can result in a very sharp filter and it is an unavoidable mathematical result that sharp filters have a poor ringing transient response One effect of the ringing is to spread the energy in a transient over a significant period of time it can be up to 1 ms This seems to affect the stereo image that the ear would otherwise form One can trade off filter roll off and energy smear more relaxed roll off gives less energy smear but it may allow some of the signals in the input data to form audible images in the output signal A signal containing Nyquist images can be corrected only by applying a sharp low pass filter However as far as the ear is concerned this may not matter The ear can tell the frequency of a signal up to a point As the frequency rises
32. OUT AESREF WORDCLOCK SE Op Hand Crafted by AG The Red Hot CD Player Co SS dCS 992 AES 2 AES 3 AES 4 3 5 A i Fuse 2AT n PERE more dcsltd co uk AES EBU Output Wordclock Outputs 44 1kS s Word Clock dCS 972 GC AES2 AES CLK e RS 5 est BG SE om ow ux 3 sz el Dual AES up to 24 bit 192kS s AES1 AES2 AESCLK Oe AES EBU Outputs MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF SPDIF Outputs ACS 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Balanced Unbalanced Outputs Hl Outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 14 Upsampling a CD to 24 bit 192kS s Set the dCS 972 Input Frequency to Auto Output Frequency to 192kS s Output Mode to Dual AES Sync Source to Word Clock Set the dCS 954 to Dual AES on AES1 amp 2 Mute to Off and select a filter IMPORTANT DO NOT lock the dCS 954 to the dCS 992 or the audio output will be full scale noise The Master Clock is optional it helps reduce jitter If you don t have a Master Clock you can slave the dCS 972 to the CD player by setting Sync Source to Audio Input dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Converting Quad AES to Single AES Quad AES 192kS s Se O L Ee ebe QB e e WI AESL NX 435 ES In MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF E DE V VM I 1 I H Single AES 96kS s Figure 15 Converting Quad AES to Double speed Sing
33. Panel 10 Balanced Analogue Outputs 3 pin XLR male 2 off 10 Unbalanced Analogue Outputs RCA phono 2 off 10 Output Level Adjustment trimmers 10 Reference In 3 pin XLR female 10 Reference Out 3 pin XLR male 10 AES1 2 3 amp 4 Digital Inputs 3 pin XLR female 4 off 10 SDIF DSD CH1 CH2 Data BNC 2 off 10 SDIF DSD Clk In BNC 11 SDIF DSD Clk Out BNC 11 Remote In amp Out 9 pin D type male 2 off 11 Mains Supply 3 pin IEC CEE22 11 Additional Information 11 Serial Number 11 Front Panel 12 AES1 AES2 AES3 AES4 amp BNC 12 Coarse Lock 13 Lock Indicator 13 Mute Menu Set 14 Phase Menu Down 14 De Emphasis 14 Mode Display 15 Sample Rate Display 16 The Software the Menu segekeease ass egeesegEegeeesb r ef Egger 18 Overview 18 Entering the Menu 18 Moving through the Menu 18 The Menu Sequence 19 Menu Items 20 Issue 20 DSD 20 Test 21 Data 21 7 Seg 22 Heat 22 A Cut 22 A Sel 22 RS232 23 Ref In 23 Tone 24 Sys 24 I For 26 Filt 26 BNC 26 BNC 27 BNC O 27 Panel 27 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Typical Applications dCS 954 Technical Information General Technical Information Options Maintenance and Support Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Phone Facs Part S No Flip Loc End Using a dCS 954 for DSD Using a Master Clock to Sync a dCS 954 Replaying DSD from an 8 track 16 44 1 PCM Recorder Operating Several Units on One Remote Chain Six Channel PCM Set Up Replaying 6 channe
34. REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 9 actual mode Check ADCs for mode change This command allows the Transmitter to check the mode of the ADCs If a unit has not changed the transmitter should go back to step 2 and repeat the command Transmit gt 2 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 2 actual mode Transmit gt 3 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 3 actual mode Transmit gt 4J TREQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 4 actual mode Transmit gt S REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 5 actual mode Command Master Clock to change frequency Allow the system time to settle after this command with no RS232 activity three seconds should be sufficient Transmit gt SEL FS change to 96k Responds gt ACK 3 seconds requested frequency Wait for 3 seconds Check Master Clock has changed frequency If it has not go back to step 5 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Transmit gt 1 REQUEST FS request actual frequency Responds gt ACK immediate 1 actual frequency The system is now set up with the Master Clock configured for 96k operation and the ADCs and DACs locked in PCM mode to 96k Example Switching to P3D Change the Master Clock frequency to 44 1k prior to changing the ADC and DAC operating mode to DSD Change the DAC operating mode prior to the ADC When changing the Master Clock fr
35. The Menu Step button corresponds to the selected input LED bright or flashing To step through the Menu items press the Menu Step button repeatedly To select an item or one of its options press the Menu Set button Use Menu Up and Menu Down buttons to alter RS232 address Tone Level and Tone Frequency To exit the Function Menu either select the End item or wait five seconds Displays the fitted software issue number Opens the Function Menu a Sets the mode sets a test tone I O connectors Sets the AES input multiwire format Turns on a full scale system test signal CAUTION LOUD Digitally swaps Displays the Left and Right control PCB outputs serial number Locks out the front panel controls Exits the Function Menu of the AES Ref RS232 address alternative anti 0002 540 dCS002540 Runs a display Displays the Disables the 7 and DSP self message data segment display test routine see manual when idle Enables Controls the Displays the automatic input automatic internal selection temperature Fahrenheit Celsius Sets the format Sets the mode Sets the mode of the 75R In of the BNC of the 75R Out connectors button connector SDIF WC AES Displays dCs Sets Phase amp telephone De Emphasis to number control Volume Displays dCs fax number Please note that DDC mode turns off the analogue outputs Some features are not available in DSD mode P3D mode is only
36. a stream the only indication that this has happened is poor audio quality Labelling the cables is a sensible precaution dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd IMPORTANT Coarse Lock Lock Indicator Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 If the selected format does not match the source s connected the audio output may be severely aliased mono or aliased mono mixes of the sources This should pose no risk to ears or speakers assuming the system gain is set sensibly but cannot be detected by the unit without correct messaging The unit stores the last input selection at power down and re loads it when power is restored For example if the previous setting was Quad AES the unit will return to this mode at power up provided all 4 AES inputs are valid and carry the same sample rate The unit will detect the sample rate present on AES1 and lock to it If one or more inputs are disconnected the unit will lock to Single AES on AES1 until the required inputs are available Your dCS 954 can automatically select the data format For details see the menu option For on page 25 To use the unit in DSD mode see the menu entry for DSD on page 20 The Active Input button is the source selector button below a bright LED or if the unit is unlocked a flashing LED On its own or with the other source selector buttons the blue text on the panel applies With the other menu buttons white type on the front panel it is the menu BE butt
37. able of correctly extracting data with quite large time errors easily meeting the AES3 requirements Using this approach rather than any approach based on FIFOs ensures that delay between data coming in and replaying is minimised If a FIFO approach is used dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 the FIFO has to be significantly filled at all times which is the same a delay in the signal path A bit error rate measurement based on this approach has shown rates with an upper bound of Elie dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 OPTIONS Mains Voltage We ship with the mains wired according to the destination The voltage option should be specified when the unit is ordered by specifying the country of use It can be updated later by your dealer if necessary Video Frequency VCXOs We can fit additional video frequency VCXOs enabling frequencies such as 44 056kS s and 47 952kS s These are best fitted at dCS to allow full checking P3D DSD Pro and Other Formats We can fit larger FPGAs to allow P3D DSD Pro and other formats This has to be done at dCs Ordering Options For A New Unit To order any option just tell us dCS 954 for use in lt country gt with options IMPORTANT Always specify the intended country of operation otherwise we will assume that country of delivery is the same as country of operation Having Your Options Ch
38. anged dCS support modifications updates and option changes to supplied dCS 954 units If you are in any doubt please contact your Distributor or dCS In general these will be carried out at dCS because we have extensive test facilities and can verify the changes IMPORTANT Please do not attempt the changes yourself The unit s performance and reliability may be impaired and the warranty will be invalidated dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC136954 iss 2B1 Page 71 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more Qdcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcsltd co uk dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT Hardware Service amp Maintenance dCS audio products are designed not to need regular maintenance and contain no user serviceable parts there are no moving parts there are no short life or wear out parts used the units have no holes through which liquids or contamination can normally enter no dust deposits build up to degrade performance All parts are replaceable or upgradeable by dCS for a period of at least five years from the date you purchased your unit If your unit is damaged in some way please contact your Distributor or dCs User Changeable Parts IMPORTANT There are no user serviceable parts insid
39. anged see page 22 The unit is overheating and performance may suffer see page 66 The unit is seriously overheating and may be damaged shortly Switch off see page 66 The sample rate coming in is not one the unit can lock to or there is an input signal quality problem see page 39 P3D error message only if the data coming in does not pass the CRC data integrity check See page 55 Table 14 System Error Codes Trouble Shooting Your System If you experience difficulties when using your dCS 954 the following suggestions may help to resolve the problem The unit fails to power up Ensure there is power available on the mains cable and the unit s mains switch is On Check the rated supply voltage shown on the rear of the unit matches the local supply voltage Check that the fuse has not blown if so correct any obvious cause then replace the fuse as described in the section User Changeable Parts page 72 Check that the mains cable is pushed fully home into the mains inlet in the rear of the unit The unit fails to lock to a source Ensure the correct input is selected and the Ref In menu item is set to Route Check that the digital audio cable is of the correct type correctly connected and not damaged Damaged cables are a VERY common cause of malfunctions Check that the source is switched on Some CD players do not generate a digital output unless the disc is playing set the player in play
40. ansmit message is 4 bytes maximum 64 bytes limited by a buffer within the receiving unit There are two cases for parameter length mismatch a Receiver expects n parameters transmitter sends more This condition may arise when a later version remote tries to communicate with an earlier version of receiver The receiver acts on first n parameters in list ignores rest The full parameter list is check summed b Receiver expects n parameters transmitter sends less This condition may arise when a earlier version remote tries to communicate with an later version of receiver The receiver acts on all parameters in list and uses sensible defaults for the rest ideally no action except where this is silly Do not truncate a command sequence expecting the receiver to do something sensible The full parameter list is check summed The checksum is the sum of the bytes in the parameter list bytes 4 to last 1 byte modulo 256 The receiving unit checks the checksum and will only act upon a command if the command is complete and the checksum is correct Acknowledge Message The addressed receiving unit ADC DAC DDC Master Clock etc acknowledges within 50 msecs of the last transmitted byte in the transmit message For some special cases dCS use only see Special Commands and Protocols below commands do not acknowledge If the checksum is incorrect the receiving unit will ignore the command clear its buffer and will not acknowl
41. at fixed installations may be set up at leisure installed and then left alone Unauthorised alterations to settings may be prevented by a front panel lockout feature The unit is highly software based and more functions and features will be added from time to time Software updates from dCS are free What s in the Box Mains Voltages IMPORTANT 2 The contents of the box are at least dCS 954 User Manual Function Menu Guide Mains Lead 2 Spare Fuses Remote cable Remote software The dCS 954 is shipped with its mains voltage preset for operation in the destination country The voltage is not intended to be changed by the user If it needs to be changed contact your dealer or dCs The dCS 954 must be used with a mains earth Free if we email them and you download from a PC com port Low cost if you ask us for EPROMs or other media we charge for media and handling dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Installing Unit in a Rack The unit is supplied with 19 rack mount ears fitted If it is to be mounted in a 19 rack the ears supplied may be used to locate it in the rack and stop the unit sliding forward but they are not strong enough to support the unit IMPORTANT The ears should not be used as the only mechanical support The unit should rest on a Shelf or be supported in some other way The ears will just locate it in the rack and stop it sliding forwar
42. available on some hardware configurations Standard software v1 5x P3D software v1 36 Figure 4 Menu Sequence dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Menu Items Issue DSD Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Displays the software issue when is pressed Selects DSD mode When on and locked the unit displays cSd This mode takes about 15 seconds to load during which time the menu cannot be used There are two options Off The unit operates in PCM mode On The unit will accept either DSD via the SDIF input connectors automatically selecting SDIF 2 or SDIF 3 format or DSD packed into 4 AES3 44 1kS s links P3D units have a slightly more explicit menu sequence for this item Off The unit operates in PCM mode P3D The unit will accept DSD via the SDIF input connectors automatically selecting SDIF 2 or SDIF 3 format or DSD packed in P3D format on connectors AES1 3 DSD4 The unit will accept DSD via the SDIF input connectors automatically selecting SDIF 2 or SDIF 3 format or DSD packed into 4 AES3 44 1kS s links To select DSD on the SDIF inputs first set the CSc menu option to On Connect the 2 data lines plus a 44 1kS s Word Clock and press the BNC button The LED above the button will brighten and the display will show cSd To select 4 wire DSD mode first set the dSd menu option to On Connect the four wire encoded DSD 44 1kS s data streams to the AES1 4 inputs taking care to ensure they
43. be cleaned If you need to synchronise several items of digital equipment we recommend using a dCS 992 Master Clock There is a further discussion of some types of timing error in section Jitter and PLL bandwidths on page 68 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 DSD DSD is a single bit very high sample rate 2 822 MS s format where the single bit words are heavily noise shaped to push noise energy above the audio band The frequency response is very high well above 100kHz although at these high frequencies much noise is also present The SACD format sets 0 dBOpsp to be 6 dB below the peak to peak level one might expect a full scale sinewave to occupy This ensures that artefacts that begin to occur at the limits of the DSD range at the production stage do not move down into the audio band DSD Format showing Full Scale Signal dCS 972 SW v1 54 0 5 0 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Time usecs Figure 18 DSD showing DSD full scale DSD has only two levels printer artefacts make it look like more Electrically TTL levels are used There is no framing or block structure and each channel uses one BNC connector The Word Clock uses the third connector See DSD on SDIF 2 on page 54 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Sample Alignment The dCS 954 aligns samples such that Word Clock Out aligns
44. between the two clocks can be substantial This can cause decoding errors In principle the lower the PLL bandwidth the more the DAC clock can be made independent of the incoming clock and so the more jitter can be removed Two things conspire to limit how far one can go with this process The first is lock in time the time it takes the low bandwidth PLL to lock to a new signal As the bandwidth reduces this can get very long The second is low frequency jitter in the incoming signal Most signal sources with reasonable clocks have noise and spuriae in the clock spectrum that increase as one gets closer to the clock frequency As one gets very close these cause large slow time excursions edges wander on a slow basis At bandwidths in the Hz area with sources that involve any form of mechanical device storage drives for example these can be many hundreds of nsecs and if one goes below 1 Hz they get worse Because of these types of issue dCS use a bandwidth of around 5 Hz for our PLLs in fine lock This bandwidth enables jitter in the audio band to be substantially suppressed but lock in times do not become excessive We use a dual arrangement with one low bandwidth PLL used to extract the clock the low bandwidth one and a much faster one used to extract the data The bandwidth of the data extraction PLL has no effect on audio quality as long as it extracts digitally correct data it is doing its job okay It is cap
45. ble Shooting Your System The unit fails to power up The unit fails to lock to a source The unit fails to respond to the controls The audio output is low or absent The level trimmers on the rear panel do not change the output level The Left and Right channels are swapped One output channel is low or absent The output is monophonic Clicks or crackles occur on the outputs The Display turns on briefly when a button is pressed then turns off The unit fails to slave to a Master Clock The unit slaves to Word Clock but not AES Reference The sound has a peculiar tonal balance wish If You Need More Help Other Information Definitions of Units Full Contents Tables Figures Keywords and Phrases June 2000 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Tables Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Table 1 Phase LEDs and Channel Phasing 0nnnannnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 14 Table 2 Emphasis Indication low sample rates rrranrrrarernnnerrnnnrnanrnnnnennnnen 15 Table 3 Output Data format indication higher sample rates 00n00nnn0010nn 15 Table 4 AES EBU i o spechcatons 45 Table 5 SDIF 2 SDIF 3 and DSD i o specifications 00nnn0nnn00nnnnaanne11nnni 45 Table 6 Remote Control Interface Details rrrarrrranrnnnnennnnrnnnrrvnnnnnanennnnennnnnnn 45 Table 7 Balanced Output Details rrrrrnnrrrnnrnnarernnrennnnrnnnrnrnnnennnnnnnnrnnanennnnennn 46 Table 8
46. corder 4 wire DSD from an 8 track 16 bit 44 1kS s recorder dcs 954 MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 9 Replaying 2 channel DSD from an 8 track 16 44 1 PCM recorder Make sure that the unit is in DSD mode Connect the 4 wire DSD source taking care to ensure the wires are in the right order Press AES1 to select the 4 wire DSD input select a filter and ensure Mute is off Operating Several Units on One Remote Chain The Politically Correct Computer Co oO d le COM PORT Figure 10 Multi unit Remote Daisy Chain The PC can control several units up to about 10 on each daisy chain To make them individually addressable each unit needs its RS 232 address to be different They can then be identified and grouped in the remote window A mixture of dCS unit types may be used See Remote In amp Out on page 11 for cable details and RS 232 Remote Control Interface from page 56 for more details dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Six Channel PCM Set Up 24 96 Dual AES Channels 1 amp 2 dcs 954 MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF Ch1 Ch2 Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier 24 96 Dual AES Channels 3 amp 4 dcs 954 MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF Ch3 Ch4 Balanced Unbalanced outputs DI outputs To pre or power amplifier 24 96 Dual AES Channe
47. d AES to Single AES 36 Converting 4 wire DSD to SDIF DSD 36 Replaying 24 192 from 2 Nagra D recorders 37 dCS 954 Technical Information ccccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneseneseneeeeeeeeeeeeeeenesanes 38 Anti Image Filtering 38 Clocking 39 DSD 40 Sample Alignment 41 Digital Interface Specifications 45 Analogue Interface Specifications 46 Frequency Response 47 Group Delay 48 AES3 AES EBU Format 49 SDIF 2 52 P3D Behaviour 55 RS 232 Remote Control Interface 56 Power Consumption 65 Size and Weight 65 Operating Conditions 66 General Technical nrormmationsusa2asd ee 68 Jitter and PLL bandwidths 68 ONS 70 Maintenance and Support arranennnennnennnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnnnnennne 72 Hardware 12 Software 73 Hardware Update or Calibration 14 Warranty 14 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Safety and Electrical Safety 74 MEO CIC HON ene 76 Error Codes and Messages 76 Internal Device Error Codes 76 System Messages and Error Codes TT Trouble Shooting Your System TT INN 80 I wish 80 If You Need More Help 80 Other Information 80 Indexes and Software Version NUMDEYSS ararnvnnnnunnnnnnnnunnnvnvnvnnnnvnvnvnvnvnnnnvnve 81 Definitions of Units 81 Full Contents 82 Tables 85 Figures 86 Keywords and Phrases 87 About this Manual Note that there is a fuller Contents at the end of the manual page 82 along with an index and lists of figures and
48. d Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Installing New Software IMPORTANT During An Update Updated operating software can be downloaded via the RS 232 link from a PC comm port using the Windows Remote software running on the PC or can be copied from an EPROM installed internally Using the RS 232 download is hands free but takes about 40 mins per unit With special software contact dCS multiple units can be daisy chained together so that one PC can update them all serially overnight To update the software by the RS 232 link load the new software into a convenient directory on the PC then run the Windows Remote programme with whatever units you want connected The software will scan the RS 232 chain for units this takes a while to see what it thinks is connected and then reports back For each unit there is an Info button Select the Info button for the unit you wish to update and then select Download Flash The programme will prompt you for the file to use and then will start the download If you want to programme many units automatically say overnight contact dCS for special software to enable this function Do not turn the unit off until the download is complete The unit has to erase its current programme before it can store the new one so if the power is turned off its internal programme store will have been erased but no new programme installed Contact dCS if this happens inadvertently the situation can be rec
49. ds If the unit is not to be rack mounted the ears may be removed dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Getting Started MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Here s what to do If the unit does not behave the first time you power up contact your dealer or dCs Check the appropriate mains supply for your local mains is marked on the rear panel If it is using the lead supplied connect the unit to the mains connect no other leads at this stage and switch on The 7 segment display will briefly show and then indicates that it is out of lock Ensure your system volume is set to a low level then connect the analogue outputs either balanced or unbalanced to the inputs of your pre or power amplifier Connect the digital output of a CD player or recorder to the AES1 input and if the AES1 input is not already selected press the AES1 button to select it Remove Fit old fuse new fuse c rh Figure 1 Playing a CD The unit will detect the sample rate lock to it and unmute The display will show the sample rate for example If the Mute LED is still lit press the Mute button once You should have audio Note that the balanced and unbalanced outputs are active simultaneously on the dCS 954 and may both be connected to external equipment simultaneously if required Now you will need to familiarise yourself with how the front panel controls and the menu system wo
50. ds available from the front panel and a few others dCS use only of a unit can be remotely controlled using this approach Each unit must have a unique ID in the range 0 to 99 which must be set up by hand using the menu system on the front panel The units remember their ID when powered down so this setting up only has to be done once Physical Interface Units are all connected in a RS 232 daisy chain up to a maximum of 11 units with a serial cable DB9 pin female straight cable connected between the Serial Out and Serial In ports of the units The same type of cable is used to connect the Serial In port of the first unit on the chain to the COM port of a PC By default all units are configured to operate at 1200 baud Standard RS 232 signal levels are used Bytes are transmitted with 1 start bit 8 message bits 1 stop bit and no parity Units can be switched to 1200 2400 4800 or 9600 baud An RS 232 break will reset all units on the daisy chain to 1200 baud A special command and ID is used to configure the units to other baud rates see Special Commands and Protocols below The following rates are recommended 3 or less units 4800 baud 4 to 7 units 2400 baud 8 to 11 units 1200 baud Operation of the daisy chain at higher than the recommended rates may result in incorrect behaviour of the system either because the units misinterpret commands or more likely because the controlling computer misinterprets their replies
51. e TT button see The Software the Menu on page 18 The De Emphasis button is also triple function on its own blue type on the front panel it sets the De Emphasis characteristic If the Panel option page 27 is set to Volume it functions as the Volume up button With the other menu buttons MALG type on the front panel it is the menu Tf button De Emphasis is available for 32 44 1 and 48kHz sample rates only Pressing the button repeatedly causes the single digit Mode display to the right of the button to cycle through the following options dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Mode Display Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Display De Emphasis in Use low sample rates A Automatic the unit automatically implements the De Emphasis characteristic coded in the data stream The display changes to 5 or C when De Emphasis is automatically applied The unit implements 50 15us De Emphasis The unit implements CCITT J17 De Emphasis De Emphasis disabled Table 2 Emphasis Indication low sample rates dCS recommend setting the unit to Automatic unless there is an error in the De Emphasis message in the incoming data stream For Menu operation as the I button see the section The Software the Menu on page 18 At sample rates over 48kS s the single digit LED Mode display to the right of the De Emphasis button shows the input format Input Format Single AES Dual AES P3D mod
52. e Quad AES or DSD 4 wire Table 3 Output Data format indication higher sample rates dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Sample Rate Display The main display generally shows the incoming sample rate in kS s or the mode DSD When other parameters are set it briefly shows the new setting volume tone frequency etc then reverts to its normal display In the case of an error condition it will display an error message If the unit is being slaved to a reference source the display also indicates which reference input it is slaved to XXX The sample rate in kS s 32 44 1 48 88 2 86 176 4 or 192 D XXX Slaved to the BNC Word Clock In r XXX Slaved to AES Reference In q XXX Temporary display during locking the unit has detected the base reference sample rate and is attempting to lock to it XXX Temporary display during locking the unit is lining up word clock out to word clock in Important error messages are given below a full list is given in the section Error Codes and Messages on page 76 BadFs The clock source is not in pull in range or is poorly formatted The unit cannot lock to it Err xy An error has been detected Please refer to Internal Device Error Codes on page 76 for more specific details on error codes Hot The unit is overheating probably due to inadequate ventilation Please check positioning and cooling Ouch The Hot
53. e 4 wire DSD outputs 0 Normal 50 1 Flip channels 1 1 Disable Auto Digital Muting RS FINE LOCK MODE RS WAVETYPE 63 0 Signal Generator Off 1 Signal Generator ON 1 Generator Amplitude format X 65 Generator Frequency Specified as a 32 bit number Expressed as a fraction of Sample Frequency A A A A A A A A A A A A Re Ko a a a a o o a a o Ko Ko o gt TI E N gt O CH N O m N Q ep C C J Z D SIE m EN DIE mM Ay 43 4 O njc 4 Ula I 4 A Of m Z TJ la m gu g O lt A We m m 1 Use coarse lock 0 use fine lock PETE MR ME ME ME N I ah TI ol dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Command Number of Parameters Parameters Byte Parameters in in Response Command RS REF MODES first parameter is terminator AES 0 unterminated RS OVLD LEV 1 terminated second is reference mode 1 ref out is internal 1 RS PHASE RS REF MODE Overload threshold formatX Jo X TT Digital volume control formatX jo KK gt Phase X IX 0 None inverted 1 Both inverted 2 left inverted 3 right inverted Select reference input to clock from x LN 0 AES1 1 AES2 2 SDIF 2 Clock word clock 3 SPDIF1 or AES3 4 SPDIF2 or AES4 5 SPDIF3 0 DSD Off Echos X IX X 1 DSD SDIF message 2 4 wire DSD response gt DSD mode es III response gt Frequency of unit Yes Table 12 RS 232 Com
54. e Version 1 5x June 2000 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 7 requested mode Transmit gt 8 DSD_MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 8 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 8 requested mode Transmit gt 9 DSD_MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 9 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 9 requested mode Command ADCs 2 3 4 and 5 to change mode the units may take up to 15 seconds to complete this command if the previous mode had been DSD the FPGAs need to be re loaded which takes time There is no need to wait prior to moving on to step 3 Transmit gt 2 DSD_ MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 2 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 2 requested mode Transmit gt 3 DSD_ MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 3 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 3 requested mode Transmit gt 4 DSD_ MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 4 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 4 requested mode Transmit gt 5 DSD_ MODE to change mode to PCM of unit 5 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 5 requested mode Check DACs for mode change This command allows the Transmitter to check the mode of the DACs If a unit has not changed the transmitter should go back to step 1 and repeat the command Transmit gt 6 TREQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 6 actual mode Transmit gt 7 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 7 actual mode Transmit gt 8 TREQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 8 actual mode Transmit gt 9
55. e both Ch1 and Ch2 inputs as well as the Word Clock are connected correctly dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 The output is monophonic e If the unit is locked to one wire of Dual AES or Quad AES the left channel signal will appear on both channels Select the correct inputs e The source may actually be monophonic e Check that the signal is not mono ed elsewhere in the system Clicks or crackles occur on the outputs e Check that all cables are of a suitable type connected correctly and not damaged In any multi wire mode a broken wire may not prevent the unit locking but will corrupt the data e Press the Coarse Lock button If this solves the problem the source equipment is likely to have a high level of jitter e This can be caused by slaving some but not all of the system components to a Master Clock Note that if the unit is being driven by an upsampler it must be slaved to the upsampler NOT to a Master Clock e f you are using 4 wire DSD check that the 4 cables are connected correctly The Display turns on briefly when a button is pressed then turns off e Setthe Seg menu item to On The unit fails to slave to a Master Clock e f you are using an AES Reference connect this to Reference In and set the Ref In menu item to Loop or Loop t as appropriate When locked the unit should display r followed by the sample rate e If you are using Word Clock connect
56. e of 78 C the unit displays Hot on its front panel as a warning Performance and reliability will be degraded if operated in this range for long periods At and above 88 C the unit displays Ouch and should be turned off See section System Messages and Error Codes on page 77 Figure 35 below shows the rise of internal temperature for the middle unit of three stacked as in a rack with support plates between Allowing 3 cms between units gives reasonable cooling If in doubt the easy test is the dCS 954 is happy to work anywhere a human is dc s 9xx EXCESS TEMPERATURE Measured as dCS 954 Middle unit of 3 in box with shelf plates Excess temperature deg C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unit spacing cms Figure 35 Temperature rise above ambient for a unit in a stack of 3 with poor ventilation dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC136954 iss 2B1 Page 67 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more Qdcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcsltd co uk dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 GENERAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION Jitter and PLL bandwidths Jitter and PLL performance are related In a DAC in many applications the clock for the received data has to be extracted from the signal coming into it To do this the DAC has to have circuitry that looks
57. e the case Routine maintenance is not necessary and repairs are generally carried out by dCS since this allows us to thoroughly verify the results before shipment There is a mains fuse in the mains socket accessible from the outside of the unit This may be changed by the user The current consumption of the unit is very low 260 mA at 115 V so it only blows if there is a fault usually if the unit is set to its low voltage setting 100 120V but has been plugged into a high voltage mains 220 240V Usually no other damage is caused but if the fuse blows repeatedly on replacement some other damage will have been done and the unit must be returned to dCs for repair Fuse Type 20 x 5mm 2 amp HRC fuse If the fuse should fail it is essential that it be replaced with one of the same type Failure to do so could result in damage to the unit and may invalidate the guarantee To gain access to the fuse remove the IEC mains connector use a small flat bladed screwdriver to pry up the tab on the fuse carrier and pull it out Push the fuse out of the clip in the carrier and replace it with a new one Push the carrier back into the unit so that it clicks home MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Remove Fit old fuse new fuse sa EN N I On Q o S es gt e gn GE ce C og SS 0 Oo Figure 36 Changing the Mains Fuse Disconnect from the mains before changing the fuse dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Software Manual for Standar
58. eams Example a system of 9 units with ID s set up as noted 1 Master Clock ID 1 4 P3D compatible ADCs ID 2 3 4 and 5 4 P3D compatible DACs ID 6 7 8 and 9 RS232 operating at 1200 baud It is assumed that the transmitter operates on a round robin polling scheme and that each step completes before the next allowing for time outs Except in the case of a time out a unit should not be accessed within the response time of its previous command Within each step there is no need to wait for the command response time prior to moving on to the next unit once an acknowledge has been received the controller can safely assume that the unit is getting on with the command it has received and can move on to the next unit At the end of a step there is no need to wait before moving on to the next step Command strings are not given fully the parameter string and the checksum are not explicitly given A typical command is shown as ID Command Type information about command A typical response is ACK Type ID information when requested When changing the operating frequency of a unit the internal crystals are switched It is recommended that after a crystal switch units are allowed to settle for a short time lt 1 second to ensure optimum performance In this case the units are being controlled by a Master Clock so time should be allowed for this to switch and for the other units connected to it to also switch and begin
59. ed only for DSD it is not used for PCM Contact SONY for more details dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 P3D Behaviour Mute on CRC Error The P3D format includes error checking Data is packed into AES3 subframes and each subframe is checked for integrity before it is converted to analogue In the event of an error being detected in a subframe the unit mutes the entire subframe and passes control over to a more complex control mechanism This looks for a long run of error free subframes before it unmutes v1 36 software looks for 150 msecs and displays the message CRC A single data error can cause quite long mutes The reason for the presence of this test is to detect input data of the wrong format which will cause full scale white noise and can potentially damage equipment Statistically the wrong format data can cause a few subframes to pass the error check occasionally so muting a single subframe is quite suspect Bit Error Rates The bit error rate BER for a dCS 904 dCS 954 running P3D is below 5x10 0 errors over 64 hours The same error rate is likely to hold for all AES3 type formats dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 RS 232 Remote Control Interface Overall Description dCS 9xx units can be controlled using a simple serial protocol via the RS 232 ports using the control format described below All comman
60. edge Only valid command bytes will generate an acknowledge other command bytes will be ignored clearing the receiver buffer The acknowledge response starts with Byte 1 101010xx indicates successful transmission to physical address with xx indicating the time the unit may take to respond to the command and then with a command dependant part Byte 2 ID of unit that processed command Byte 3 Command single byte Byte 4 Length of response string Byte 5 List of response bytes Last byte Checksum of response list dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Example Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 The checksum is the sum of the bytes in the parameter list bytes 5 to last 1 byte modulo 256 The minimum length of an acknowledge message is 1 byte maximum 64 If the checksum is incorrect the transmitter should re issue the command For the first byte the response times are XX 00 immediate less than 50 msecs 01 up to 3 seconds 10 up to 15 seconds 11 up to 25 seconds The receiving unit will ignore any transactions on the RS 232 while it is busy If the transmitter sends commands to a unit when the unit is busy the unit will not send an acknowledge back The transmitter must be designed to time out after 50 msec and repeat the command if necessary In a multi unit environment it would be sensible to organise the transmitter to access units with a round robin polling scheme in this way seve
61. elf check may fail to operate If this happens please contact your distributor or dCS for assistance Internal Device Error Codes Sometimes the unit may misbehave If there is an internal reason an internal device error code may be displayed as follows Err xy an error xy see table below has been detected where xy values have the following meanings Description E memory EEPROM not present Error initialising DSP Error loading DSP Error initialising DSP for coefficients Error initialising DSP for coefficients Error loading DSP coefficients Error loading DSP coefficients Error sending command Error sending command Error sending command Error sending command Error with LSB MSB configuration Error with LSB MSB configuration Error with LSB MSB configuration Error configuring FPGA DSP error Table 13 Internal Error Codes If you get any of these please contact dCS with as much information as possible to help us re create the problem Some of these may have hardware problems as their cause some may have software dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 System Messages and Error Codes Some other messages may be displayed that give indications of errors from other sources outside the unit Display Description n Aud The data has been flagged by an AES3 message as Non Audio perhaps a CD ROM This message may also be displayed briefly when the sample rate is ch
62. ely if left the menu will just time out keeping the last settings The frequency range is from 1Hz to 99kHz but the level rolls off at the extremes due to anti image filters in the analogue circuitry The Generator output level is within 0 1dB from less than 10Hz up to SOkHz The Tone Generator works standalone without a digital input If locked the unit will be unlocked when the Generator is turned on At power up the Generator is always set to Off kHz and 18dB0 this is a safety measure If very fine frequency resolution is wanted RS 232 control will give mHz frequency resolution See section RS 232 Remote Control Interface starting on page 56 The tone generator is very pure it is a good analogue source IMPORTANT To avoid damage to your ears loudspeakers and power amplifiers use the Tone Generator with care Sys System phase check This turns on a full scale test signal for checking absolute output phase on an oscilloscope IMPORTANT To avoid damage to your ears loudspeakers and power amplifiers use the Sys option with care Turn your system volume level well down before using this feature Turn this option On the display will flash Sys On and the waveforms shown below will appear on the analogue outputs The top waveform is from the left channel the bottom is from the right dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Ap DISPLAY peak detect
63. equency the system should be allowed to settle to the new frequency before any further RS 232 activity 6 W 10 Command Master Clock to change frequency Allow the system time to settle after this command with no RS 232 activity three seconds should be sufficient Transmit gt 1 SEL FS change to 44 1k Responds gt ACK 3 seconds 1 requested frequency Wait for 3 seconds Check Master Clock has changed frequency If it has not go back to step 6 Transmit gt 1 REQUEST FS request actual frequency Responds gt ACK immediate 1 actual frequency Command DACs 6 7 8 and 9 to change mode the units may take up to 15 seconds to complete this command if the previous mode had been PCM the FPGAs need to be re loaded which takes time There is also no need to wait prior to moving on to step 9 Transmit gt 6 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 6 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 6 requested mode Transmit gt 7 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 7 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 7 requested mode Transmit gt 8 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 8 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 8 requested mode Transmit gt 9 DSD_ MODE to change mode to P3D of unit 9 Responds gt ACK 15 seconds 9 requested mode Command ADCs 2 3 4 and 5 to change mode the units may take up to 15 seconds to complete this command if the previous mode had been DSD the FPGAs need to be re loaded which
64. ere is so much extra bandwidth available that maintaining a flat 0 20kHz audio band is less of a problem This allows more relaxed filters to be used resulting in extra sonic benefits Frequency responses for all 7 PCM sample rates set to Filt are shown below Filter 1 Frequency Responses dCS 954 SW v1 30 Level dB 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Tone Frequency kHz Figure 27 Filter 1 frequency responses dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Group Delay Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 The group delay for a dCS 904 and dCS 954 ADC and DAC were measured at different sample rates The results were as below they are valid for software up to 1 5x Filter 1 Filter 2 Filter 3 Filter 4 176 4kS s 192kS s DSD Filter 1 Filter 2 Filter 3 Filter 4 176 4kS s 192kS s DSD Table 10 dCS 954 DAC group delay in microsecs v1 30 software The delays were measured analogue in to analogue out for a back to back pair They are the same with SDIF 2 interfacing or AES interfacing Once the pair had been measured the DAC group delay was measured from SDIF 2 in to analogue out and the ADC results inferred dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 AES3 AES EBU Format Message Handling The AES EBU interface decodes a data structure that conforms to the dCs version of AES3 1992 This contains 28 bits of Manchester encoded data and a 4 bit near Manchester encoded
65. ith the bright LED or the one furthest to the left if more than one is bright Set otherwise Mute Down otherwise Phase Up otherwise De Emphasis Entering the Menu The Menu is entered by holding down the SIT and then pressing the EI button once The display will show Fune You are now in the menu and the menu buttons now have their alternate meanings Moving through the Menu Press the Gy button again to step through the Menu items listed below When you reach the required item press the Set button to view or change its setting This either displays the current state or changes to the next state or causes an information function to read out or enters a lower level as in the Tone generator for example If you have entered a lower level pressing Step steps through its options When you reach the one you want press Set and then use the III or YS buttons to increase or decrease a value such as Level or Frequency on the Tone Generator If no changes are made in 5 seconds the unit exits the Menu When one item has been set press the SIT button again if you wish to continue cycling through the Menu There is a Knack in doing this easily once it has been gained it becomes very easy to use the functions it accesses dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd The Menu Sequence Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 To access the Function Menu hold down the Menu Step button and press the Menu Set button
66. kKHz band and may not give the best sonic performance BNC BNC Inputs In PCM mode this sets the format of the BNC In connectors SDIF Configures Ch1 Ch2 and Clk In as an SDIF 2 interface AES Configures Clk In to accept AES3 encoded data at TTL levels at up to 96kKS s Select these inputs using the BNC button If the unit is already locked to SDIF or DSD the AES option is disabled S Nyquist images not stereo images These are reflections of the pass band spectrum about Fs 2 caused by any digital to analogue conversion process They must be filtered out by the converter dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 BNC BNC Button In PCM mode this controls the operation of the BNC button Input Configures the BNC input connectors as a data input Press the BNC button to select it RefCl Configures the BNC word clock in Cik In connector as a reference clock input Press the BNC button to sync the unit to the Word clock while taking data from one or more of the AES inputs The BNC LED will light in addition to the LED s for the data source Press the BNC button again to sync to the data input instead This mode of operation enable the unit to sync to one clock source and rapidly switch between other synchronous sources without going through a PLL locking sequence It might be used for example in A B comparisons or in locking to a house sync just taking data from AES feeds
67. l DSD from a 24 track 16 44 1 PCM Recorder Replaying 8 Channel P3D DSD Upsampling a CD Converting Quad AES to Single AES Converting 4 wire DSD to SDIF DSD Replaying 24 192 from 2 Nagra D recorders Anti Image Filtering Clocking Synchronising to source DSD Sample Alignment Digital Interface Specifications Analogue Interface Specifications Frequency Response Group Delay AES3 AES EBU Format Message Handling How Far will AES3 Go SDIF 2 PCM Format SDIF 2 Messaging DSD on SDIF 2 DSD on SDIF 3 P3D Behaviour Mute on CRC Error 55 Bit Error Rates 55 RS 232 Remote Control Interface Overall Description Physical Interface Timing Accuracy and Warnings Transmit Message Acknowledge Message Example Special Commands and Protocols Command Streams Example Switching to 96k PCM Example Switching to P3D Power Consumption Size and Weight Operating Conditions Jitter and PLL bandwidths Mains Voltage Video Frequency VCXOs P3D DSD Pro and Other Formats Ordering Options For A New Unit Having Your Options Changed dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd TroubleShooting dCS Support Indexes and Software Version Numbers Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x Hardware Service amp Maintenance User Changeable Parts Software Installing New Software During An Update Hardware Update or Calibration Warranty Safety and Electrical Safety Error Codes and Messages Internal Device Error Codes System Messages and Error Codes Trou
68. le AES Select Quad AES and set the Ref In menu item to ddC IMPORTANT While the unit is performing a sample rate conversion the analogue outputs are muted The unit will also convert 176 4kS s to 88 2kS s Converting 4 wire DSD to SDIF DSD DSD dCs 954 MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF DB IG A EOM O OVE AO Digita mo L R L Balanced enee outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 16 Converting 4 wire DSD to SDIF DSD Set the dSd menu item to On and press AES1 to select 4 wire DSD operation Set the Ref In menu item to ddC Select a filter and ensure Mute is off dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Replaying 24 192 from 2 Nagra D recorders Recorder 2 with R channel data OUTPUTS NAGRA D DIG3 4 S Bee i Timecode Link Recorder 1 with L channel data OUTPUTS DIG3 4 DIG1 2 Quad AES 24 192 JCS 954 MAINS FUSE2A T ON OFF Ch1 Ch2 Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 17 Replaying 24 192 from 2 Nagra D recorders Quad AES 24 192 recordings split between 2 tapes may be played back as shown The 2 Nagra D recorders must be fitted with special hardware and software to achieve this contact Nagra for details The dCS 954 allows for small timing discrepancies between the AES1 2 pair and the AES3 4 pair dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs
69. ls 5 amp 6 dcs 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Ch5 Ch6 Balanced Unbalanced outputs HI outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 11 Six channel set up The top dCS 954 needs to have its Ref In option set to Route the middle one to Loop and the bottom one to Loop t The units self align quite accurately see section Sample Alignment on page 41 onwards Alternatively Word Clock may be used as the syncing method with no special set ups If the six channels are not bit aligned all three units should be slaved to their AES inputs rather than Reference In dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Replaying 6 channel DSD from a 24 track 16 44 1 PCM Recorder dcs 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Ch1 Ch2 Balanced Unbalanced outputs Hl outputs To pre or power amplifier j P p dC 5 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF J p40991 4q 9L S SYL Yy PUULyYI pZ WO4 Ch3 Ch4 Balanced Unbalanced outputs Hl outputs To pre or power amplifier p P P dcs 954 MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Ch5 Ch6 Balanced Unbalanced outputs O outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 12 Replaying a 6 channel DSD recording from a 24 track 16 44 1 recorder The top dCS 954 needs to have its Ref In option set to Route the middle one to Loop and the bottom one to Loop 1 Set all 3 units to DSD mode and press AES 1 to select the 4 wire DSD input Take care to ensure the
70. mand Set 2 O G lt 3 O DA r 5 Q Q 3 OD 0 pass through 1 RS DSD MODE 1 RS BAUD RATE 1 REQUEST DSD MODE REQUEST FREQUENCY 1143 T T 11 14 19 141 42 143 Format X the level set number is 0 1dB times the 16 bit positive integer used So for example 260 would set 26dB below full scale for generator amplitude dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Power Consumption The dCS 954 has a linear power supply and so power consumption changes as the mains voltage changes The internal regulation is comparatively efficient for a linear supply so these changes are kept to a minimum Power consumption is independent of mains voltage setting Power Consumption with Mains Voltage measured as AC power into mains socket Nominal mains 28 W Mains 10 26 W Mains 10 31 W The actual intended supply voltage is shown on the rear panel 50 Hz or 60 Hz operation is not important the unit can use either In general users will not need to change the mains input configuration If you do need this to be done please see the section Having Your Options Changed page 70 in this manual and contact your distributor or dCs Size and Weight The dCS 954 dimensions correspond to a standard 2U 19 rack mount case Four heavy duty feet fitted to the base extend the overall height to slightly greater than 2U Dimensions Width 430mm _ see note i Heigh
71. n XLR male Reference In is an AES EBU reference input for synchronising the unit to a Master Clock Reference Out is an unbuffered loop through directly coupled to it for use in a reference daisy chain A terminating resistor may be turned on or off using the menu see Ref In command page 23 if several units are to be daisy chained with the same word clock AES1 2 3 amp 4 Digital Inputs 3 pin XLR female 4 off Four AES EBU inputs which may be used independently or in groups of two Dual AES on AES1 amp 2 or on AES3 amp 4 or four Quad AES or 4 wire DSD P3D units will also accept DSD in P3D format connected to AES1 2 amp 3 SDIF DSD CH1 CH2 Data BNC 2 off These BNC connectors can be both inputs and outputs In normal operation they are inputs for SDIF 2 encoded PCM or SDIF 2 or SDIF 3 encoded DSD They are both TTL level signals for a 75 ohm line They can be set to accept TTL level AES3 coded signals using the menu see BNC menu command page 26 In addition they can be used as data outputs for re formatting DSD data in DDC mode See the Ref In menu command on page 23 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 SDIF DSD Clk In BNC SDIF DSD Clk Out BNC This pair of BNC connectors normally take in and give out Word Clock The functions are set by the menu Clk In is terminated and Clk Out is regenerated internally so these lines can be used for daisy chaining many u
72. n ranging High quality VCXO internal clocking Multichannel Sync capability High speed or dual AES 88 2 kS s 96 kS s Dual or Quad AES 176 4 kS s and 192 kS s DDC mode converts Dual AES at 88 2 to 192kS s or Quad AES at 176 4 or 192kS s to High speed Single AES High quality 160 dB signal generator with mHz resolution Can be noise shaped truncated Remembers last settings Lockouts software upgrade able without opening the box Can be remote controlled from PC dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 CONTENTS Product Fee sa 3 CONTENT S tecczesecstectesceecessoseeextesenmetetecrecebewsemecccaneesesocen ede a ae 4 About this Manual 5 Using Your dCS 954 For The First Time rnnnnnnnnvnnnvnnnnvnnnuvnnnuvnnnvnnnnnnnnvrnnuvnnnuennn 6 Product Overview 6 What s in the Box 6 Mains Voltages 6 Installing Unit in a Rack T Getting Started 8 The Hardware Controls and ConnectorsS raxxrnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnunnnnr 10 Rear Panel 10 Front Panel 12 The Software the Mente 18 Overview 18 The Menu Sequence 19 Menu Items 20 TY DIGAL AD DIIGAUONS E 30 Using a dCS 954 for DSD 30 Using a Master Clock to Sync a dCS 954 30 Replaying DSD from an 8 track 16 44 1 PCM Recorder 31 Operating Several Units on One Remote Chain 31 Six Channel PCM Set Up 32 Replaying 6 channel DSD from a 24 track 16 44 1 PCM Recorder 33 Replaying 8 Channel P3D DSD 34 Upsampling a CD 35 Converting Qua
73. nits together without loading problems See Figure and Figure for the time alignment of these signals Additionally they can both be set for TTL level AES3 coded signals using the menu The input connector is controlled by the BNC menu command see page 26 and the output connector is controlled by the BNC O menu command see page 27 As an AES output it will output the signal on the currently selected input whatever is playing The input may be just a clock for locking purposes or a full AES3 coded input The choice is controlled by the BNC menu command see page 27 and the input is selected by the BNC button page 12 Remote In amp Out 9 pin D type male 2 off If the Windows Remote software is in use connecting Remote In to a com port RS 232 port on a PC running the Remote Control program allows the unit to be controlled by the PC Remote Out may be connected to another suitably equipped dCS unit allowing several units to controlled by the same PC with one RS 232 daisy chain In addition the unit may be software upgraded without removing the lid by downloading new software via the Remote In port see Installing New Software on page 73 Connect up Remote ports using a 9 way screened cable fitted with 9 way D type connectors at each end wired pin 1 to pin 1 pin 2 to pin 2 etc The same type of cable can be used unit to units as com port to first unit Suitable cables are available from dCs
74. nment AES3 to Word Clock 41 Sample Rate display ccccccccsseeeeeeeeeeees 22 ELE 10 20 27 78 SDIF 2 message c cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeees 52 53 Serial n ul EE 11 Signal denerator 63 Single AES san 13 26 27 SSN 28 Software ISSUCG tee geed 20 81 Software updating rrrrnnnnranernnnennnnnnnnrnnnrr 73 Swapping channels aannennnennenenenennnnennnni 28 SVS E E EE T A E EEE 24 T Temperature ambient 66 Temperature mmtemal 22 66 Temperature operating cccseceseeeeeeeees 66 Temperature rise mrack 66 Termination reference Imput 10 Tone GENER aa anne 18 24 U Unlocking front panel rrrrrnnnnrnnrnranennnnennn 28 Updating manualse sicrie an 73 Updating software 73 V VCXO re calibration macica iaiaeiaeiaa 74 VG Oen state arta tied 39 VITEN aar 70 Volume COMO aar 20 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 W NOE L e 80 WEIER 11 16 27 41 78 Warranty Ee 5 70 74 Word clock alignment in to out 4
75. ns Auto The message flags on the selected input are checked and the format is automatically set to Single Dual or Quad AES Dual AES must be connected to AES 1 amp 2 or AES 3 amp 4 US 1 User selected Single AES mode US 2 User selected Dual AES mode US 4 User selected Quad AES mode You can over ride any setting using the AES1 AES4 buttons In Dual or Quad AES modes the unit will warn you of missing wires with a display like 1 34 AES2 not connected for Quad AES Swapped wires causes a display like 1243 AES3 amp 4 swapped The checking relies on correct messaging and may not work with non dCS equipment Filt Filter Selects one of several anti image filter responses The filters should be evaluated by ear Filtl gives the sharpest cut off just below half the sampling frequency This is the normal setting Filf2 Fili3 Filt4 give progressively more relaxed responses slightly degrading the Nyquist image performance but sharpening the impulse response This affects the stereo or multi channel image Different filters may be appropriate for different material A typical audio signal contains very little signal energy above 10kHz so there is some justification for relaxing the filter attenuation as 20kHz is approached DSD mode also has four filters Metering DSD is difficult because the high level of ultrasonic noise can cause spurious meter readings DSD Filt4 is specially designed for metering the 0 20
76. on For Menu operation as the BPM button see the section The Software the Menu on page 18 Some digital audio equipment even some quite expensive products produces data streams with a level of jitter outside the AES3 specification In particular sources that involve mechanical movement between tracks for example some CD players can show large timing transients as the movement occurs which can upset the dCS 954 causing intermittent data errors or muting To cater for this situation the dCS 954 allows two PLL settings fine lock and coarse lock If the problem arises pressing the Coarse Lock button forces the unit to use the coarse lock mode which may solve the problem The LED indicates that coarse lock is selected Unless necessary to maintain a stable lock coarse lock should be turned off it will cause degraded audio quality It should only be used where degraded audio is better than no audio For more information on this topic see section Jitter and PLL bandwidths on page 68 Note that the use of unscreened digital audio cables can occasionally cause the unit to mute and re lock if they allow in gross interference from some nearby source When lit this indicates that the front panel controls are locked out to prevent accidental or unauthorised operation Lock is turned on and off using the Loc menu option see page 28 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Mute Phase De Emphasis Manual for Standard Softwa
77. or FE Copy enable Fourth field EXXXX Encoded sample rate is xxxx Le 32 44 1 48 88 2 96 176 4 Or 192kS s Non dCS equipment may only decode the first 3 options or E Unknown encoded sample rate Fifth field dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd 7 Seg Heat A Cut IMPORTANT A Sel Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 O XXXX Channel origin alphanumeric or None Emphasis not indicated or 50 15 50 15us emphasis or D Unable to decode emphasis Sixth field D XXXX Channel destination alphanumeric or Cd CD source or Enc 2 channel encoder decoder or dAt DAT machine or S Unknown source Disables the main 7 segment LED display When set to Off the Sample Rate display turns off 5 seconds after the last button press A dot in the lower right hand corner of the display remains lit to indicate that the display has been deliberately blanked The display springs back into life temporarily if the menu is used subsequently Error or warning messages are displayed regardless of this setting The Mode display is not affected Displays the internal temperature of the unit Press EI to toggle between Fahrenheit and Celsius Automatically mutes the analogue outputs if the selected AES EBU data stream is flagged as Non Audio This gives useful protection and should normally be set to On Set to Off to disable Auto Muting To warn you of this the Mute LED will flash
78. or Quad AES format the unit will ignore the message flags and group the AES inputs accordingly Set A Se to Off to disable automatic input selection Displays and allows access to the units RS 232 identity code an address between 0 and 99 This is used by the remote control software to send specific messages to specific units Use HP and RSW to change this address if you are operating several units in a multichannel set up The RS 232 control formats and procedures are covered in more detail in section RS 232 Remote Control Interface starting on page 56 When using the Remote Control each unit in the daisy chain MUST be set to a different RS 232 address Displays and sets the mode of the AES Reference In Out connectors The options are Route Reference Out connected in parallel with Reference In beware is internally driven with the selected AES input signal If the input is Dual or Quad AES the data on the lowest of AES1 or AES3 appears on Reference Out lf BNC is selected there is no output Loop The unit attempts to lock to Reference In which is looped through to the Reference Out with no termination resistor termination is then about 1kQ so several units can be daisy chained Loop t As above but terminates the input to achieve 1109 Use at the end of a daisy chain ddC Converts the data on the selected input to single AES and sends it to Reference Out The data on a Single AES input is copied with
79. overed if it does happen but it involves taking the lid off the unit To find out if there are any software updates available for your equipment call us or email us with your units serial number or check our web site www dcsltd co uk In general software updates are free Manuals for updated software can be downloaded from our web site or just call us As soon as the download starts the ADC will display Prog The Windows programme will say Erasing Flash 10 secs then Flash Erased quick then Programming Flash At this stage a progress bar with a count down time is displayed showing how much time is left 30 mins or so After this has counted down the PC says Done and the ADC reboots itself Depending on the nature of the software update it unit may then need to re initialise its internals if it does it will say Hold on its front panel Do not do anything at this stage Then when that message disappears it will be back to normal use dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Hardware Update or Calibration You may wish to have your unit updated occasionally dCS offer this service we will install any modifications or hardware updates that have occurred since your unit was first shipped and give the unit a full retest to current standards including re calibrating its VCXOs which drift over time The price will depend on the hardware changes necessary so contact your dealer or us
80. play sample raie 22 BE DE tonne EE 10 20 40 78 BED EE RE EE EAN 10 20 DSD ACTS MING WEEN 26 DSP Een eege EEN 54 DSD SDIPF EE 54 Dal AES Vasset 10 12 26 35 78 E Error code mtemal 76 Error message arrnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnre 16 21 77 F Kei EE 2 FallUFE 10 SIAVE aa eege see 79 Flen 20 26 38 47 US A WER os 38 Filter selection Luna 20 26 Filter transient response eens 38 Filters anti Image arrnnrnnnnnnnnannnnnnannnnnnnnnne 38 FINS JOCK EE 13 FOMA GE 64 Front panel locking unlocking aannnannaan 28 Fuse E Te LEET 172 74 FUSE WV OG eegene ES 72 G Generator frequency ccccseccsseesseeeseees 24 Generator frequency resolution 24 Generator 16Evekuiustaudugnsruunelkunnt 24 Generator ondoft 24 Generator standalone rrrunnrnnnnnnnnnvvnnnnnnnr 24 Generator ES Taasen 24 Group Be EE 48 H ME arna 22 House sync locking to 27 fie l t 10 a EE EE 23 Input selection automatic arrrnrnnrennrnnnnne 22 J Jitter Suppression ccccceccseeeseeeseeeseeeees 68 L LED AGUV CG NDUT sere eee 13 LED COISE IOCK EE 13 dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd LED panel lOCK arpon EE EE 13 Lock TaN Ludde TT LOCK ee e 13 Bee en nt 13 Locking front panel aannannnannannneannannn 13 28 IOC KOU see otis ve ceded 28 M INS MEIER Ee et Ee 72 NENNE 18 Menu Down button 14 18 NET eSak dhs 28 Menu Set button 14 18 Menu Step but
81. ponse gt ACK immediate 3 actual mode Transmit gt 4 REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 4 actual mode Transmit gt S REQUEST DSD MODE Response gt ACK immediate 5 actual mode The system should now be set up with the Master Clock configured for 44 1k operation and the ADCs and DACs locked in P3D mode dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Parameters Parameters in Response 0 do not automatically slave 1 automatically slave to a reference input First parameter 1 Master 0 Slave If slave second parameter 0 AES 2 SDIF Global Command Command name RS AUTO SLAVE RS MASTERSLAVE gt RS ENABLE DEBUG 3 1 1 Select Output Fs message Select Filter 0 3 Select De emphasis filter to use 0 Auto 1 50 15 2 CCITT 3 None 0 Output SDIF wordclock on w cik out 36 1 Output AES on w clk out i Noise shaper 0 Auto 1 Off 2 1st Order 3 3rd order 4 9nth order 0 Normal mode e g D in A out for DAC A in D out for ADC 1 D in D out 0 Low speed output e g Dual 88 2 Quad 192 1 High speed option 0 Unmute 1 Mute 1 Turn off automatic input selection X DAC K 1 Turn off 7 segment display RS_INP_FORMAT 48 Select Input format for DACs X 0 Auto 1 Single wire 2 Dual Wire Quad 0 Enable 4 wire DSD outputs 1 Disabl
82. preamble in a subframe and subframes are further assembled in a block and frame structure Each subframe contains preambles to allow the receiver to sync up up to 24 bits of audio data transmitted Isb first V a validity bit U a user bit for the User Message C a Channel Status bit for the System Message P a parity bit The message attached to the AES Reference Out depends on the Ref In setting In Loop or Loop t modes it is copied from the Reference In data When set to Route the message is copied from the lowest numbered AES input selected When set to GdC with a PCM input the message is as follows Professional On Emphasis Off Non Audio Off Mode Not indicated Sample rate Correctly stated Source DCS1 Destination null For more information on the way dCS implement the AES3 system message to handle higher sample rates see the Appendix to this manual For the formal definition of the AES3 interface see footnote from the AES How Far will AES3 Go The AES EBU format was designed to go reasonable distances at 44 1 kS s and 48 kS s Figure 28 and Figure 29 below show it over 16 m and 94 m using average cables The waveform at 94 m can still be decoded although it is quite degraded Cable delay is about 5 6 ns metre At 96 kS s twice the data rate the format was designed for the allowed cable length is less Figure 30 and Figure 31 below show this over 16 m and 94m At 16m the waveforms are still ver
83. ral units can be instructed to perform commands simultaneously the transmitter coming back to busy units periodically It is also recommended that units are not accessed for the first of their response time nothing untoward will happen but the unit will be ignoring the RS 232 and will not respond so the transmitter would just time out anyway To set unit 2 Emphasis to AUTO using the RS 232 control format transmit the string 2 34 11 01 0 and the receiving unit will respond 169 Special Commands and Protocols BREAK Continuous high on transmit line for more than 100 msec Resets ALL units on daisy chain to 1200 baud GLOBAL ADDRESSES Address FO hex 240 decimal ALL units on daisy chain react to command Nothing acknowledges This should only be used for setting baud rates to 2400 4800 or 9600 baud Never change baud rate from a higher rate to a lower rate as this could result in unexpected behaviour always reset the daisy chain to 1200 baud and then issue the appropriate command Never change the baud rate of a single unit in a multi unit daisy chain as this could result in the chain locking up Address F1 hex 241 decimal Command RS ENABLE DEBUG 19 decimal ALL units on daisy chain react to command Nothing acknowledges This enables dCS debugging commands This may result in unstable behaviour of the unit dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 Command Str
84. re 13 8 channel P3D DSDeetumn 34 Figure 14 Upsampling a CD to 24 bit 192KS S rerrarerrnrernnrrrrarernnnernnnrranrnnnrr 35 Figure 15 Converting Quad AES to Double speed Single AE 36 Figure 16 Converting 4 wire DSD to SDIF DS 36 Figure 17 Replaying 24 192 from 2 Nagra D recorders rrrrnrrrnnrrnnnrnnanennnn 37 Figure 18 DSD showing DSD full scale rrrrnnrrrnnrnnnnrrrnnrnranernnnrnnnrnnnnnnnaneennn 40 Figure 19 Word Clock and AES3 outputs Opk ls 41 Figure 20 Word Clock and AES3 outputs A4 1k is 41 Figure 21 Word Clock In to Word Clock Out 96 KS S annnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennn 42 Figure 22 Word Clock in to Word Clock Out 44 1 KS S annnannannnannnannannnannnnnn 42 Figure 23 AES3 in to AES3 out 96 KS S urarnrranrrrarennnrevrnnrnranennnnennnnennnnnnanennnne 43 Figure 24 AES3 in to AES3 out A4 1k is 44 Figure 25 Word Clock In to AES3 Reference Out 96 KS S rrrrrnrrrnrrnnrrnnnrnnn 44 Figure 26 Word Clock in to AES3 Reference Out 44 1 KS S eee ee 44 Figure 27 Filter 1 frequency responses n nn0ennnnnnennsannnnennrrnnennnnnnrenrernrennee 47 Figure 28 AES3 format at 48 kS s over lpmeires 50 Figure 29 AES3 format at 48 kS s over 94 mees 51 Figure 30 AES3 format at Opk isoverlpmeires 51 Figure 31 AES3 format at 96 kS s over 94 mettes 51 Figure 32 SDIF 2 PCM format atOpk ie 53 Figure 33 SDIF 2 PCM format at A4 1kois
85. re Version 1 5x June 2000 The Mute button is dual function on its own blue type on the front panel it mutes and unmutes the analogue outputs when the unit is locked to a source With the other menu buttons MIG type on the front panel it is the menu Gy button The analogue outputs are automatically muted at power up and remain so until lock is achieved as indicated by the LED above the Mute switch If A Cut page 22 is turned on the unit will mute automatically if the source data is identified as non audio For Menu operation as the S button see The Software the Menu on page 18 The Phase button is triple function on its own blue type on the front panel it reverses the phase of the analogue outputs If the Panel option page 27 is set to Volume it functions as the Volume down button With the other menu buttons MALG type on the front panel it is the menu Baa button The left hand LED above the Phase button lights if CH1 L outputs are inverted the right hand LED lights if CH2 R outputs are inverted Pressing the Phase button toggles both channels between absolute and inverted phase Holding the button down causes the unit to cycle through the following sequence Ch1 L phase Ch2 R phase inverted absolute absolute inverted absolute absolute inverted inverted Table 1 Phase LEDs and Channel Phasing Release the button when the required setting appears For Menu operation as th
86. rinciples of Digital Audio 3rd Edition by Ken C Pohlmann McGraw Hill Inc 1995 5 Filters always have some ripple For zero ripple filters this is in the udB to pdB region dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Clocking Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 The sample clock quality significantly determines the performance of a DAC The highest quality clocks that are available are crystals so we use these The dCS 954 uses one of two on board voltage controlled crystal oscillators VCXOs as a clock source one for 48 kS s related outputs and one for 44 1 kS s related outputs When the unit is slaved to an external source the appropriate VCXO is selected and synchronised to this by a phase locked loop PLL The PLL is of a special narrow bandwidth type that provides a high degree of clock cleaning but even so signal quality may degrade if particularly poor source clocks are used A consequence of the narrow bandwidth is that it takes quite a long time for the PLL to lock to a new clock frequency of the order of 2 seconds The PLL uses DSP assistance to keep this time acceptable Synchronising to source Pull in range gt 300 ppm about nominal frequency Lock in time lt 2 seconds for most situations The PLL is very robust and will lock to very poor signals if necessary Data is decoded using a much wider band faster PLL so AES3 type low frequency jitter on the input clock can be handled and will
87. rk Read the short section on The Software the Menu on page 18 so you know how the buttons and menu work You may also find it convenient to refer to the Function Menu Guide while you are getting to know the unit dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Manual part no DOC136954 iss 2B1 Page 9 file 135954ma2b1 pdf available from website Contact dcs on 44 1799 531 999 email to more Qdcsltd co uk inside the UK replace 44 with 0 web site www dcsltd co uk dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 THE HARDWARE CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS Rear Panel MAINS FUSE 2A T ON OFF Figure 2 Rear Panel All input and output connectors are mounted on the rear panel Individual connectors are clearly identified by the panel legend Viewed from the rear from left to right the connectors are as follows Balanced Analogue Outputs 3 pin XLR male 2 off Unbalanced Analogue Outputs RCA phono 2 off Output Level Adjustment trimmers Two multi turn potentiometers set the full scale output levels for the Balanced Outputs only These are factory preset for full scale with output levels of 14dBu If necessary adjust with a suitable trim tool or a small flat bladed screwdriver Turn clockwise for increased gain Take care to ensure the stereo outputs remain in balance The trim range is 6dB Reference In 3 pin XLR female Reference Out 3 pi
88. t without feet 44 mm 2U Height with feet 52 mm Depth 390mm see note ii Weight 6 8 kg see note ili note i Removable 19 rack mount ears are supplied taking total width to 483 mm 19 note ii Measured from front panel to rear panel connectors Additional depth should be allowed to accommodate cable connectors note iii The high quality case is necessarily heavy consideration should be paid to appropriate support shelving when installing the units in a rack dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Operating Conditions The dCS 954 has no ventilation slots or fan cooling It dissipates relatively low power so that usually allowing natural convection provides enough cooling in most circumstances It is sensible however to not install the unit near heat sources such as radiators hot air ducts or in direct strong sunlight Operating conditions should be such that internal temperature does not exceed 70 C substantially as read out from the internal temperature sensor see the menu function Heat on page Error Bookmark not defined This will tend to be met if the ambient temperature is below 50 C although it will depend a bit on how the unit is positioned Internal temperature should not fall below 0 C and should be a non condensing The unit monitors its internal temperature and displays one of two error messages as the temperature rises At and above an internal temperatur
89. ton rarerarerarerareranennnennre 13 18 Menu Up button ccc eecc eee eeeeeeees 15 18 Le E e 15 WICTERING DSD varp esse 26 Mode deplay 14 15 22 Mode DDG san ie een 23 NIUE Rer de WEE 14 Mute on non audio lag 22 MIE PPs ve duoen 55 N Non Ad Osaer 21 77 Non audio muting on 22 O Operating Condrtons 66 lf e tg 10 Output level won t change 78 Output too low or absent 78 P FDA 21 55 70 PSD CRO GMO EE 55 PSD SCION Tale EE 55 P3D mute me 55 PL 27 Panel Lock indicator Aae 13 Panel lock LE D cenar S 13 EE 2 Parts user senvicea hble 74 PE ME 20 21 26 27 47 49 Phase DUON ae 14 27 Phase checking cccccccsecceeecseeseeeseeeseeees 24 PANON O Se 27 PE DNO MAN vase 68 PEE HOCK IN UME Linnes 39 Pu Uli beleet 39 Power consumption rrnnrnnnrnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 65 Q Quad AE 10 12 13 22 23 26 Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 R FRAG fare 65 RENN vaare 23 Reference daisy Cham 10 LHeterencein 10 16 23 49 Reference Out 10 23 41 44 Reference source 16 Reference mput 10 Reference Iermmmaton 10 inte 18 78 eebe 11 18 23 45 56 73 RS232 Addres S sener 23 RS 232 Cable format uaiuug sekund 11 RS 232 daisy Chaining rerernnrnnnrnnnnnnn 11 56 RS 232 example annonnonnonnnnnnnnnnnrnnrnnnni 58 59 RS 232 remotecontrol 23 58 RS 232 updating software Dy 73 S Sample alignment AES3 in to out 43 Sample alig
90. ut 2 5mm or 0 1 diameter and long enough at least 12mm or 0 5 The trimmer may be at the end of its travel try turning it several times the other way It is a 20 turn device The level trimmers do NOT affect the unbalanced outputs The Left and Right channels are swapped Check that Flip is Off Check that the audio output cables are not reversed Check that the channels are not swapped elsewhere in the system In Dual AES mode ensure that the AES 1 or AES 3 input is connected to the output on the source equipment for the Left channel data probably labelled AES 1 AES A or Left and AES 2 or AES 4 input is connected to the output on the source equipment for the Right channel data probably labelled AES 2 AES B or Right See the manual of the source equipment for information In Quad AES or 4 wire DSD modes ensure that AES 1 2 3 amp 4 inputs are correctly connected to the corresponding outputs on the source equipment see the manual of the destination equipment for information In SDIF or DSD modes ensure the Ch1 and Ch2 inputs are connected correctly One output channel is low or absent Check that all cables are connected correctly and not damaged Damaged cables are a VERY common source of malfunctions Check that the balance is not offset elsewhere in the system If the level trimmers on the rear panel have been adjusted check that one has not been set much lower than the other In SDIF or DSD modes ensur
91. we currently do not tell us If we can fix it with software or a manual reprint and we do so we will update your unit free of charge If we do decide to make the thing we will discuss with you how you would like it to operate We value our customers and we want to make products that do what you want If You Need More Help Contact dCS Our office hours are 8 00 am to about 7 00 pm Monday to Friday UK time UTC in summer or UTC 1hr in winter Contact us by phone or fax on Inside the UK Outside the UK Telephone 01799 531 999 44 1799 531 999 Fax 01799 531 681 44 1799 531 681 Table 15 dCS Phone Numbers You can write to us at dCs Ltd Mull House Great Chesterford Court Great Chesterford Saffron Walden CB10 1PF UK Our E Mail address more Qdcsltd co uk Our web site is http www dcsltd co uk Other Information dCS produce technical notes from time to time on issues related to ADCs If you are interested in these please do not hesitate to contact us dCS 954 User Manual dCs Ltd Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x June 2000 INDEXES AND SOFTWARE VERSION NUMBERS This manual is for standard software version 1 5x and P3D unit software v1 36 v1 5x differs from earlier standard software v1 3x and P3D software pre 1 36 in having a more friendly menu structure with readback on current settings without having to change the settings and supporting SDIF 3 for DSD Definitions of Units dBO
92. y good but at 94m they are really quite unreliable We recommend restricting 96 kS s cable runs to 20 m or less and using good cable near this length AES3 1992 ANSI S4 40 1992 AES Recommended practice for digital audio engineering Serial transmission format for two channel linearly represented digital audio data dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 fo running 1 2 00 Wedi BH lim 53 500 NV 10 00 1 148 de 2 2 00 Vrdiv tai pos 4 000 19 00 1 IAs de 2 5000 us 0 000 s 2 5000 us 500 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge E 15 35 Figure 28 AES3 format at 48 kS s over 16 metres fo running 1 1 00 Vedi BH lim 2 000 NV 10 0081 IAs de 2 1 00 Ydi pos 2 0900 Y 10 00 1 IMs de LU k LU LU e e na mp nn nmn k eher SE SS kr RB 2 5000 us 0 000 s 2 5000 us 500 ns div repetitive Trigger Mode Edge E FF 1535 4 dCS 954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1 5x dCs Ltd June 2000 Figure 29 AES3 format at 48 kS s over 94 metres fe running 1 2 00 Vdiv BH lim 53 500 NV 16 00 1 14 de 2 2 00 V div pos 4 000 Y 10 00 1 IMs de 1 0000 us 0 000 s 1 0000 us 200 ns di v repetitive Trigger Mode Edge E 15 35 28 Figure 30 AES3 format at 96 kS s over 16 metres fo running 1 1 00 V diy BH lim 2 000 NV WW Io Oo0orl iaa de 2 1 00 V diy pos 2 000 Y 10 00 1 IMs de 1 0000 us 0 000 s 1 000

DCS TV Converter Box 954 User's Manual

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