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Avaya Configuring Frame Relay Services User's Manual

1. 2 7 Configuring Frame Relay Services Address Resolution Address resolution maps a remote network address such as an IP address to a local DLCI number For most protocols that you configure for a Frame Relay interface the router performs address resolution automatically However IP AppleTalk and VINES use the address resolution protocol ARP ARP dynamically generates an ARP table of addresses and DLCI numbers by sending messages back and forth to each network node to gather address information This process increases broadcast traffic across the network To reduce broadcast traffic for all protocols you can configure static routes and adjacent hosts at the protocol level This eliminates the need for the router to perform address resolution To reduce traffic associated specifically with IP and VINES address resolution you can configure the address resolution protocol Inverse ARP Refer to the appropriate protocol manual for more information about static routes adjacent hosts and Inverse ARP Table 2 1 lists how the router handles address resolution for each protocol and whether or not you can reduce broadcast traffic by modifying the address resolution configuration Table 2 1 How Protocols Handle Address Resolution How Router Performs Protocol Address Resolution Configuration Requirements Bridge including Automatic None source route IP ARP None for ARP or Inverse ARP Configure Inverse ARP DECnet I
2. Configuring Frame Relay Services Audience e The ARE VNR Corporate Suite provides ATM Forum LAN Emulation in addition to the ARE ATM Suite and Corporate Suite e The BNX Suite includes IP Routing SNMP Agent Bay Networks HDLC PPP OSPF EGP BGP File Based Performance Statistics Frame Relay switching and Frame Relay billing and selected components from the Corporate ARE ATM and ARE VNR Corporate suites Availability of features and functionality described in this guide depends on the suites you are using Written for system and network managers this guide describes how to configure the Bay Networks implementation of Frame Relay interfaces to suit your environment We assume that you have experience with LANs and WANs Frame Relay and network management tasks Bay Networks Customer Support Bay Networks provides live telephone technical support to our distributors resellers and service contracted customers from two U S and three international support centers If you have purchased your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff of that distributor or reseller for assistance with installation configuration troubleshooting or integration issues Customers also have the option of purchasing direct support from Bay Networks through a variety of service programs The programs include priority access telephone support on site engineering assistance software subscript
3. refer to Figure 4 3 to see a listing of PVCs A 7 Configuring Frame Relay Services Table A 8 lists the Frame Relay Virtual Circuit parameter that you must configure Table A 8 Virtual Circuit Parameter for Routers 5 6 and 7 Parameter Name 21 S22 and S23 DLCI Number Enter the number supplied by your Frame Relay provider Once you enter the DLCI Number you can exit from the Frame Relay Virtual Circuit window The router automatically configures these PVCs in group mode the default access mode Configuring the Direct Mode PVC In both Frame Relay network illustrations there is a direct mode PVC connecting Router 5 and Router 8 The synchronous interface for Router 5 is already configured for Frame Relay Your next step is to configure the PVC connecting Routers 5 and 8 for direct access mode and then configure the protocols for the PVC Refer to Chapter 4 for instructions on adding PVCs Table A 9 lists the Frame Relay interface parameter that you must set for direct mode PVCs Table A 9 Interface Parameter for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 and S24 Mgmnt Type Select the management protocol supplied by your Frame Relay provider After setting the management protocol go to the Frame Relay PVC List window refer to Figure 4 3 to see a listing of PVCs If you are running in dynamic mode and the switch is connected Site Manager automatically displays a list of PVCs In
4. rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Trademarks of Bay Networks Inc ACE AFN BCN BLN BN CN FRE LN Optivity SynOptics SynOptics Communications Wellfleet and the Wellfleet logo are registered trademarks and AN ANH ASN BaySIS BayStack BCNX BLNX BNX EZ Internetwork EZ LAN FN PathMan PhonePlus PPX Quick2Config RouterMan SPEX Bay Networks Bay Networks Press the Bay Networks logo and the SynOptics logo are trademarks of Bay Networks Inc Third Party Trademarks All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Bay Networks Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Bay Networks Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product are Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and o
5. the Configuration Manager displays a protocol specific configuration window requesting required information 3 Fill in the necessary information in the protocol configuration window Consult the appropriate protocol manual for help When you finish configuring protocols the Configuration Manager returns you to the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 4 Click on Apply to complete the modification of this PVC 4 20 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Grouping PVCs for Multiline You can configure two or more PVCs to run in multiline mode refer to Chapter 2 for more information PVCs that you group for multiline must e Be on different router connectors e Have the same DLCI numbers e Use either direct or group access mode To group PVCs complete the following steps 1 Begin at the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 2 Select Protocols gt Frame Relay Interfaces to display the Frame Relay Interface List window Figure 4 2 3 Click on PVCs to display the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 4 Select one of the PVCs you want to run in multiline mode 5 Click on Multi line to display the window in Figure 4 8 This window displays all PVCs that you can group with the previously selected PVC RE PWC 203102 0 10t Carcurte 5 Figure 4 8 Multiline Window 4 21 Configuring Frame Relay Services 6 Select a PVC from the scroll list that you want to group with the first PVC you selected
6. 7 Click on Select to return to the Frame Relay PVC List window The Configuration Manager displays the window in Figure 4 9 Cancel Data Path Chooser Figure 4 9 Data Path Chooser Window 8 Enter the traffic distribution method referring to the parameter description 9 Repeat this procedure until you group all the PVCs that you want to configure in a multiline group 4 22 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Data Path Chooser Parameter Parameter Data Path Chooser Default None Options Random Address Based Function Specifies how the multiline circuit distributes traffic over its data paths Instructions Select Random to send data alternately over the two paths This method ensures even distribution among the lines but the packets arrive out of sequence Select Address Based if the traffic between the same source and destination address pair is always going over the same data path This method ensures the data arrives in sequence MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 4 1 1 23 Deleting PVCs To delete a PVC complete the following steps 1 From the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 select Protocols gt Frame Relay Interfaces The Configuration Manager displays the Frame Relay Interface List window Figure 4 2 2 Click on PVCs to display the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 3 Select the PVC you want to delete 4 Click on Delete The Configuration Manager asks you to confirm the del
7. 966 968 Sydney Australia 61 2 903 5800 Tokyo Japan 81 3 328 005 Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this guide angle brackets lt gt Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example if command syntax is ping lt ip_address gt you enter ping 192 32 10 12 arrow character gt Separates menu and option names in instructions Example Protocols AppleTalk identifies the AppleTalk option in the Protocols menu bold text Indicates text that you need to enter and command names in text Example Use the dinfo command brackets Indicate optional elements You can choose none one or all of the options xvi italic text quotation marks screen text ellipsis points vertical line l About This Guide Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions new terms file and directory names and book titles Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book Indicates data that appears on the screen Example set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters Horizontal and vertical CH ellipsis points indicate omitted information Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the command The vertical line separates choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show at routes nets you enter eit
8. Configuring Protocols for Each Type of Network cceceeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeessaeeteenees A 4 AppleTalk eet Te A 4 DECnet Configuration cccceccsceececeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeecaaeseeeeeeesaeesseneeesneeeesaeessaes A 5 IP Configuration EE A 6 dd Weu te IC le DEE A 6 OSPF ele ue RE A 7 vi Configuring the Group Mode PVCS ecseceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeesaeeeseneeeseaeeeseaaeeee A 7 Configuring the Direct Mode PVO o eeecceceeeeceseeeeeneeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeaeeecaeeeseaaeeeeeeeeeteaeeteeeees A 8 AppleTalk Configuration ccccceecceceeeceeeeeeeeececaeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeseeeeseaeeeseaeeseeneeeesaeeneaes A 10 DEGnet Gonfiguration EE A 10 SR e ee RE A 11 IPX GOntiQuration cirin ita ea eae i ee ee A 11 OSPF Configura EE A 11 Appendix B Frame Relay Default Settings Index vii Figure 1 1 Figure 1 2 Figure 1 3 Figure 1 4 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 2 7 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 Figure 4 6 Figure 4 7 Figure 4 8 Figure 4 9 Figure A 1 Figure A 2 Figures Frame Relay Network 1 1 Frame Relay Header 2 Byte Format 0 cccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeaees 1 3 Frame Relay Header 3 and 4 Byte Formats A 1 3 Conceptual Drawing of the DLCOMI 0 ee ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeteeeeees 1 4 Fully Meshed and Non fully Meshed Networks AAA
9. each packet For any given address pair the same path is always used The router determines whether to route or bridge the packet and then uses the appropriate address It uses the routing level addresses for routing traffic and the MAC level addresses for bridging traffic Address based distribution ensures that all outbound traffic travels on the same path and that the packets arrive in sequence For protocols that cannot receive packets out of sequence use this method Note however that this option does not always distribute the traffic evenly across each line Configuring Frame Relay Services Congestion Control Network congestion can degrade network performance Congestion occurs when a node receives more frames than it can process or sends more frames than the transmission line can handle The Frame Relay network informs the nodes of congestion conditions so that they can reduce the amount of traffic across the network In the Frame Relay packet header there are two bits that the network sets to alert nodes of network congestion These bits as defined by the Frame Relay specification are the FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notation bit and the BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notation bit If the network detects congestion it alerts the router in the same direction as the received frame by changing the frame s FECN bit from 0 to 1 For nodes in the opposite direction of the received frame it changes the fram
10. interfaces Refer to Chapter 4 for more information about configuration A 1 Configuring Frame Relay Services Non Fully Meshed Configuration Figure A 1 Figure A 1 shows the Frame Relay portion of the network as a non fully meshed configuration using group access mode PVCs and one direct access mode PVC E PPP X 25 Standard l Non Fully Meshed Frame Relay Network NS L GR S2 Direct Moc Group Mode PVCs For this type of configuration accept all the default values for the Frame Relay parameters no matter which protocol you configure over Frame Relay A 2 Configuration Examples Fully Meshed Configuration Figure A 2 shows the Frame Relay portion of the network as a fully meshed configuration using group access mode PVCs and one direct access mode PVC Frame Relay Network b i e Ih XS EE Di di O fa OH fe Q oO v lt Q bi Direct Mode PVC l R Router PPP X 25 Standard i FR0012A Figure A 2 Fully Meshed Frame Relay Network For this type of configuration accept all the default values for the Frame Relay parameters no matter which prot
11. is functioning The network replies with a status response e ANSI modified the LMI specification and incorporated it as Annex D to ANSI standard T1 617 The ANSI method is generally similar to the LMI approach e The CCITT now ITU T modified the ANSI standard and adopted it as Annex A to Q 933 The CCITT Annex A specification is similar to Annex D but it uses an international numbering scheme Be sure to configure the Frame Relay interface on the router to use the same management protocol as the switched network to which it is connected See Chapter 4 for information about configuring Frame Relay 1 4 Frame Relay Overview Frame Processing When a frame enters a Frame Relay network the network performs three steps to process the data 1 Verifies the CRC if an error is found it drops the frame 2 Performs a table lookup for the DLCI if the DLCI is invalid or unknown it drops the frame 3 Ifthe frame is valid forwards it to its destination For More Information about Frame Relay For more information about Frame Relay consult the following documents American National Standards Institute T1 617 1991 Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN Digital Subscriber Signalling System No 1 DSS1 Signalling Specification for Frame Relay Bearer Service Washington D C June 1991 11 617 Annex D 1991 Additional Procedures for Permanent Virtual Connections PVCs Using Unnumbered Information Frames W
12. network The upper layer protocols use a single network address to send all traffic destined for the switched network to the Frame Relay network interface When you configure each router you assign only one network address for example an IP or IPX address to the Frame Relay interface not to each PVC Figure 2 2 illustrates group access the default 2 2 Implementation Notes Site A Frame Frame Site B Upper layer 5 Relay Relay Protocol Network i Interface SES Site C Site D kal AEE 2 n gt Figure 2 2 Group Access Mode Configuration Group access mode supports all protocols simplifies network addressing and is the easiest of the three modes to configure because you need to define and associate only one protocol address with the Frame Relay interface The DLCMI will dynamically configure PVCs you do not need to explicitly configure them Use group access mode with the following network configurations e A routed environment for any network where all PVCs can support the same protocols e A bridged environment for fully meshed networks e A bridged hub and spoke environment where the spokes do not need to communicate with each other In general group access mode works best for fully meshed networks however it can also be used for non fully meshed networks for example hub and spoke networks In these types of networks the remote site may only be able to communicate with the hub There are ways
13. of management support you must configure all PVCs manually Rev 1 LMI provides user side management services as specified by Revision 1 of the Local Management Interface standard ANSI T1 617D provides user side management services as specified in Annex D to ANSI standard T1 617 1991 4 4 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Instructions MIB Object ID CCITT Annex A provides user side management services as specified by the ITU T formerly CCITT LMI Switch offers limited management services for the DCE side of the connection as specified by Revision 1 of the Local Management Interface Standard Annex D Switch provides limited management services for the DCE side of the connection as specified in Annex D to ANSI standard T1 617 1991 Annex A Switch provides limited management services for the DCE side of the connection as specified by the ITU T Select the management protocol for the Frame Relay network The LMI Switch Annex D Switch and Annex A Switch options are primarily for troubleshooting 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 6 If you are connecting two routers back to back use one of the DTE parameter options Rev 1 LMI ANSI T1 617D CCITT Annex A for the router acting as a DTE and one of the DCE options LMI Switch Annex D Switch Annex A Switch for the router acting as the DCE Although you can configure the router for the DCE side of a connection the router cannot act as a full switch and it will not perform c
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15. to configure upper layer protocols such as IP or IPX to allow nodes in non fully meshed networks to fully communicate For more information about these upper layer protocols see the specific protocol manual Configuring Frame Relay Services Direct Access In direct access mode upper layer protocols treat the Frame Relay network as a series of point to point connections The upper layer protocols view each PVC as an individual network interface Direct access mode is best suited to small non fully meshed configurations Specifically you can use direct access mode for configurations in which each protocol must run over a separate PVC This mode is also good for spanning tree bridging If you use direct access mode you must configure each PVC manually which includes assigning protocols to run on each PVC Figure 2 3 illustrates Frame Relay direct access mode SITEA SITE B Frame Upper layer Relay Protocol Network SITE C SITE D Figure 2 3 Direct Access Mode Configuration Direct access mode supports all protocols A direct access PVC may run several protocols simultaneously or you can dedicate a PVC to a particular protocol Note however that dedicating a PVC to a particular protocol creates configuration overhead increased memory use and additional address space 2 4 Implementation Notes Hybrid Access Hybrid access mode as its name implies combines characteristics of group and direct access
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17. 1 How Protocols Handle Address Resolution cccccccecceeeeeeeeeeeaeaeaeeenes 2 8 Table 2 2 Synchronous Line Parameters for Frame Relay ccceceeeseeeeeeees 2 13 Table A 1 AppleTalk Parameters for Routers 5 6 ANd 7 cceceeeeeeeceteeeeeeeeeeeees A 4 Table A 2 IP Adjacent Hosts for Routers 6 and 7 Non Fully Meshed Only ceeecceeeeteeeeeeeeeceaeeeeeeeeesaeeeseneeeseeeeeeaeeeed A 5 Table A 3 DECnet Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 o ccecceccesssteceeeeesteeeeeeeaaes A 5 Table A 4 IP Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 cceccccecccesssseseseseeseseeeeeeeeeseeeeeees A 6 Table A 5 IPX Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 ou cecececesesseseseseeseeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeees A 6 Table A 6 OSPF Parameters for Routers 5 Gand A 7 Table A 7 Interface Parameter for Routers 5 6 and 7 0 cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeees A 7 Table A 8 Virtual Circuit Parameter for Routers 5 6 and 7 A 8 Table A 9 Interface Parameter for Routers 5 and 89 A 8 Table A 10 Virtual Circuit Parameter for Routers 5 and pg A 9 Table A 11 Frame Relay PVC List Parameter for Routers band A 9 Table A 12 AppleTalk Parameters for Routers 5 and 89 A 10 Table A 13 DECnet Parameters for Routers 5 and ge A 10 Table A 14 IP Parameters for Routers 5 and 8 ou cccccceseseseseeeeeecececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaea A 11 Table A 15 IPX Parameters for Routers band A 11 Table A 16 OSPF Parameters for Routers 5 And 8 ccccccc
18. 2 2 Group Access Mode Configuration cccccescceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeaeeteneeess 2 3 Direct Access Mode Configuration c cccccccecesceeeeeeeeeeneeeteneeeseneeeeeaees 2 4 Hybrid Access Mode Configuration cc ccccceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeneeeseeeeseneeesas 2 5 Example of a Bridged Network AAA 2 6 Multiline N twork eiia e Aa RAA E EA EA ERARE 2 10 Detecting and Controlling Network Congestion c cscceeeesseeeeeeenees 2 12 Configuration Manager Window sssessssessesssisssirssrrnssrresrnsstnrsrnnnrnnnsrnne 3 2 WAN Protocols Men ado ainai aa e a AE E 3 2 Configuration Manager Window s sesseesssesssisssirssrnssrrssrnssrnnsnrnrnnnsrnee 4 2 Frame Relay Interface List Wmdow A 4 3 Frame Relay PVC List Window sssssssesssssiesssressissesississsrressrnssrnnssrnnens 4 12 Frame Relay Virtual Circuit Window Group Mode 4 13 Frame Relay Virtual Circuit Window Direct Hybrid Mode 26 4 13 Select Protocols Wimdow eccccccccseeseneeececeeeeeseeeceeaeeeeaaeeseeaeeeeaaeeneaees 4 19 Protocols Menu for Hybrid Access PVCS sessesseeseeeeeiesrresrrresesses 4 20 Multiline Window 0 0 eeeeeececeeeeeenneeeeeeenaeeeeeeeaaaeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeseaaeeeeeeeaas 4 21 Data Path Chooser Window cccseceeeceeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeaaeeseeeeeesaeeseeneeess 4 22 Non Fully Meshed Frame Relay Network 0 eccscceeeessteeeeeeeseeeeeeeaaes A 2 Fully Meshed Frame Relay Network A A 3 Tables Table 2
19. Byte Format Figure 1 2 depicts the Frame Relay header as a 2 byte structure Frame Relay can also format the header using 3 or 4 bytes as shown in Figure 1 3 Note however that you must configure the Frame Relay interface on the router to use the same header length as the switched network to which it is connected 3 byte Format 4 byte Format 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 DLCI high order C R EA DLC high order DLC low order B E C N DLCI low order or DL CORE Control FR0003A Figure 1 3 Frame Relay Header 3 and 4 Byte Formats Configuring Frame Relay Services Management Protocols Router Frame Relay is an access protocol that runs between a router DTE and a switch DCE The router and the switch use the data link control management interface DLCMD to exchange information about the interface and the status of each PVC Figure 1 4 Frame Relay Frame Relay Router Switch Switch Figure 1 4 Conceptual Drawing of the DLCMI The DLCMI supports three standard data link management specifications LMI ANSI T1 617 Annex D and CCITT now ITU T Q 933 Annex A e The networking industry first developed the Local Management Interface LMI specification The LMI approach is asymmetric the router sends a status enquiry message to the network signaling that the router s connection to the network
20. Configuring Frame Relay Services Router Software Version 10 0 Site Manager Software Version 4 0 Software Version BNX 6 0 Site Manager Software Version BNX 6 0 Part No 112915 Rev A January 1996 a Bay Networks Bay Networks 4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara CA 95054 Billerica MA 01821 Copyright 1988 1996 Bay Networks Inc All rights reserved Printed in the USA January 1996 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 Gi of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notice for All Other Executive Agencies Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the
21. Hosts for Routers 6 and 7 Non Fully Meshed Only Parameter Name 22 23 IP Address 66 66 66 7 66 66 66 6 Next Hop Interface Address 66 66 66 8 66 66 66 7 Next Hop Interface Mask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 MAC Address DLC Number of DLCI Number of adjacent host adjacent host Host Encapsulation SNAP SNAP Note You do not configure adjacent hosts for a fully meshed network DECnet Configuration Table A 3 lists the DECnet parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 3 DECnet Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 Parameter Name S21 22 23 Area ID 2 2 2 Node ID 1 2 3 A 5 Configuring Frame Relay Services IP Configuration Table A 4 lists the IP parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 4 IP Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 Parameter Name 21 22 23 IP Address 66 66 66 5 66 66 66 6 66 66 66 7 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 RIP Parameter Poised Reverse Actual Poisoned Poisoned For non fully meshed configurations only Changing the hub router s Router 5 Poisoned Reverse parameter from poisoned to actual allows you to configure adjacent hosts for each spoke router Routers 6 and 7 By configuring adjacent hosts one spoke router can ping the other spoke router through the hub router Only the hub router s RIP interface changes the RIP interface for each end node rem
22. PVCs in hybrid access mode Figure 2 4 each PVC acts as a separate bridge port This enables the bridge running on the Frame Relay interface to view the traffic from Site A as arriving on a different port than that of Site B When the bridge sends out data it sends it out from all ports including the port that has access to Site B Therefore data from Site A can reach Site B RFC 1490 defines the encapsulation method for sending data across a Frame Relay network The router implements RFC 1490 for all protocols that it supports over a Frame Relay network Protocol Prioritization When you configure a router you can set priorities for the traffic sent across a synchronous line interface using a process called protocol prioritization The ability to prioritize traffic is important for an application that is time sensitive and that requires a fast response Note Protocol prioritization is not supported by BNX software For example a user at Router A participating in a Telnet session with Router B requires a more immediate response than does a user at Router A performing a file transfer with Router B When you select Frame Relay on a circuit the router enables protocol prioritization automatically It does this because the DLCMI packets must have a higher priority than any other packets you are sending across the network For more information about protocol prioritization see Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
23. V Automatic None VINES ARP None for ARP or Inverse ARP Configure Inverse ARP IPX Automatic None continued 2 8 Implementation Notes Table 2 1 How Protocols Handle Address Resolution continued How Router Performs Protocol Address Resolution Configuration Requirements XNS Automatic None AppleTalk AppleTalk ARP None Data Compression over Frame Relay You can configure the Bay Networks proprietary data compression protocol WCP over wide area networks running Frame Relay Enabling compression improves bandwidth efficiency by eliminating redundant strings in data streams This in turn improves network response times and yields line cost savings For a complete discussion of data compression see Configuring Data Compression Services Source Routing Source routing is the method by which a bridge sends data across two networks The router supports source routing over Frame Relay networks using RFC 1490 standard Frame Relay data encapsulation or Bay Networks proprietary Frame Relay data encapsulation If you enable source routing in a fully meshed environment be sure to configure PVCs in group access mode If you enable source routing in a non fully meshed environment the type of access mode you choose depends on your network To determine which access mode is best for source routing refer to Access Modes for Frame Relay To configure source routing refer to Configur
24. ains the same Refer to Configuring IP Services for more information about RIP interfaces IPX Configuration Table A 5 lists the IPX parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 5 IPX Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 Parameter Name 21 22 23 Network Address hex a12345 a12345 a12345 A 6 Configuration Examples OSPF Configuration Table A 6 lists the OSPF parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 6 OSPF Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 Parameter Name 21 22 23 OSPF Area 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 Type Point to Multipoint Point to Multipoint Point to Multipoint AS Boundary Router Yes Yes Yes 1 Changing the AS Boundary Router parameter to Yes enables the router to recognize any interfaces that are not configured for OSPF Note Adjacent hosts are unnecessary for OSPF Configuring the Group Mode PVCs Once you have configured the protocols your next step is to configure the parameters for the two group mode PVCs Refer to Chapter 4 for instructions on adding PVCs Table A 7 lists the Frame Relay interface parameter that you must set for group mode PVCs Table A 7 Interface Parameter for Routers 5 6 and 7 Parameter Name 21 S22 and S23 Mgmnt Type Select the management protocol supplied by your Frame Relay provider After setting the management protocol go to the Frame Relay PVC List window
25. ashington D C June 1991 1T1 618 1991 Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN Core Aspects of Frame Protocol with Frame Relay Bearer Service Washington D C June 1991 Bradley T Brown C and Malis A RFC 1490 Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay Menlo Park California Network Information Center NIC SRI International January 1992 Digital Equipment Corporation et al TISI Standards based Frame Relay Specification with Common Enhancements Document Number 001 208966 Revision 1 0 September 1990 Configuring Frame Relay Services The following publications provide a less technical introduction to Frame Relay Davidson R and Muller N The Guide to SONET Planning Installing amp Maintaining Broadband Networks New York Telecom Library Inc 1991 Goldstein F ISDN in Perspective Reading Massachusetts Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1992 Jennings E Jones T and Rehbehn K The Buyer s Guide to Frame Relay Networking N p Netrix Corporation 1 6 Chapter 2 Implementation Notes This chapter provides information about the Bay Networks implementation of Frame Relay Access Modes for Frame Relay An access mode defines how the router views the PVC interface connection to the Frame Relay network You can enable each Frame Relay PVC to function in one of three access modes group access direct access or hybrid access PVCs that are part of the same Frame Rela
26. ccccceccecsesssssesaeeeeeeeeeseees A 11 Table B 1 Frame Relay Interface Parameters cceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeeeeeeeeess B 1 Table B 2 Frame Relay PVC Parameters cccccccceseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeseeeeessnaeeeeaes B 2 xi About This Guide If you are responsible for configuring and managing Bay Networks routers or BNX platforms read this guide to discover how to customize Bay Networks router software for Frame Relay Configuring Frame Relay Services offers An overview of the Frame Relay protocol Chapter 1 Implementation notes that may affect how you configure Frame Relay Chapter 2 Instructions on enabling Frame Relay on the router Chapter 3 Instructions on editing the Frame Relay interface and PVC parameters Chapter 4 Software Suites Routing and Switching software is available in the following suites The System Suite includes IP routing 802 1 Transparent Bridge Source Route Bridge Translation Bridge SNMP Agent Bay Networks HDLC PPP OSPF EGP BGP and basic DLSw The LAN Suite includes DECnet Phase 4 AppleTalk Phase 2 OSI VINES IPX and ATM DXI in addition to the System Suite The WAN Suite includes ATM DXI Frame Relay LAPB and X 25 in addition to the System Suite The Corporate Suite includes the System LAN and WAN suites in their entirety The ARE ATM Suite provides RFC 1483 and 1577 compliance ATM UNI 3 0 signaling in addition to the LAN Suite xiii
27. e s BECN bit from 0 to 1 Figure 2 7 Congestion Direction Frame Relay Network Node Frame Relay Frame Relay Network Network Node Node FROOIOA Figure 2 7 Detecting and Controlling Network Congestion 2 12 Implementation Notes If you enable the congestion control feature you can specify the number of FECN BECN bits the router receives in a given time period before it stops transmitting frames While frames are going across the network the Frame Relay interface checks received packets for FECN and BECN bits set to 1 If the interface receives the specified number of bits during the designated time period Frame Relay drops all traffic destined for the PVC where there is congestion When the interface no longer receives these congestion notifications the router resumes transmission For example suppose you set the congestion timer to 0 5 seconds and the congestion count to 3 In this case if an interface receives 3 FECNs or BECNs within 0 5 seconds the node stops sending frames although it continues to receive frames for this PVC If the interface receives no FECNs or BECNs during the next 0 5 seconds the router resumes transmission Refer to Chapter 4 for instructions on configuring the congestion parameters Configuring Synchronous Lines for Frame Relay If you enable Frame R
28. e router to drop all outbound traffic destined for a PVC where congestion is occurring until the congestion clears The value of this parameter affects all PVCs that you do not individually configure 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 22 4 9 Configuring Frame Relay Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Congestion Timer 1 second 0 5 to 5 seconds in 0 5 second intervals Specifies the length of time during which the router counts congestion notifications If the router receives the number of congestion notifications set by the Congestion Counter parameter the router stops transmitting data The router resumes transmission once it stops receiving congestion notifications Set the length of time the router should count congestion notifications from the network If you set this parameter for a long time period the router may be less likely to stop transmission for an intermittent congestion condition However the router may be slow to detect congestion resulting in long transmission delays once the congestion has cleared The value of this parameter affects all PVCs that you do not individually configure 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 23 Congestion Counter 20 notifications 1 to 500 notifications Indicates the maximum number of congestion notifications that the router can receive during the Congestion Timer p
29. eeeeeeeaaeseeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeess xiv eu XV InfOFACT S iiei aa a a dai ee tan cela ei XV World Wide Webs EE Xvi How to Get Help EE xvi GONVENTIONS EE xvi Ordering Bay Networks Publications c ccccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeneeeeeaaeeeseeeeessaeeeseaeees xvii AGONY EE xviii Chapter 1 Frame Relay Overview Frame Relay Packets scr perri aeee reia E R EEI EEEa AA AERE ERREAK REEERE 1 2 Management Protocols asrnane inaaianei a AKEE ANAE ANET E i ERAN 1 4 Frame Processing raean aaa ea i o AA A NE E EAE E A A ANE E AEEA 1 5 For More Information about Frame Relay sssssssssssssssssrnssssrrrssrirrsssiinnssstinnnnntennnnstnnnnnnnnt 1 5 Chapter 2 Implementation Notes Access Modes for Frame Relay cccccceeeeesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeaaeeeeseseaeeeeseenaeeeeeeeaees 2 1 Group ACCESS nania aeiae ai i a a Mae ea et eee ee a 2 2 leg le 2 4 OIT ACCON S a AA elena hes eee aa tah We a ee 2 5 Using Hybrid Access for Transparent Bridging 2 6 PREG TA9O EE 2 7 Protocol PriormiZatlon i ese sie de ee ca ek A ee dd eee eee ne eee 2 7 Address RESOIUtON ctecctevcccastteyeeceeeteees tenn ege E RERS e Eaa SKS e EEEE Een anii 2 8 Data Compression over Frame Relay cccceeceeeseeeceeeeeceaeeeeeeeeseaeeeeaaeeseeeeeenaeeeee 2 9 Salle Ren e NEE 2 9 MOIE gegrennt 2 10 Traffic Distribution between Data Paths 0 2 ecceeeeenneeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeetaaeeeeeee 2 11 Random lg ee EE 2 11 Address ba
30. elay on a circuit Site Manager automatically sets the following synchronous line parameters Table 2 2 Table 2 2 Synchronous Line Parameters for Frame Relay Parameter Value BOFL Disable Promiscuous Enable Service Transparent WAN Protocol Frame Relay For more information on these parameters refer to Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software 2 13 Chapter 3 Enabling Frame Relay This chapter describes how to enable Frame Relay It assumes you have read Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling Frame Relay When you enable Frame Relay service you do not have to configure any Frame Relay parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for all Frame Relay parameters To edit these default values refer to Chapter 4 Enabling Frame Relay on an Interface To enable Frame Relay on an interface complete the following steps 1 From the Configuration Manager window select a link or net module connector that requires a WAN circuit Figure 3 1 3 1 Configuring Frame Relay Services LIKE FILE Jap ant usr Tt Leckpubs com i
31. er description for more details 4 6 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Polling Interval 10 seconds 5 to 30 seconds Specifies the interval between Status Inquiry messages that the router transmits Status Inquiry messages cause a network response in the form of a Link Integrity Verification message or Full Status message Successful completion of the request response handshake verifies the status of the router Frame Relay network link We recommend that you accept the default value 10 seconds If the default value does not match what the network requests enter a value that is appropriate for your network in the range of 5 to 30 seconds Polling Interval does not function if you set the Mgmnt Type parameter to DLCMI None 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 10 Full Enquiry Interval 6 1 to 255 polling intervals Specifies the interval between Full Status Inquiry messages that the router transmits Full Status Inquiry messages cause the network to send a Full Status Report message which lists all PVCs the PVC status active or inactive and whether the PVC is new or previously established This parameter works with the Polling Interval parameter The default value 6 tells the router to send a Full Status Inquiry every 6 polling intervals For example with a Polling Interva
32. eriod before it stops transmitting If the router reaches the value set by this parameter it determines the line is congested and stops transmitting Specify the congestion count The smaller the number the more quickly the router detects congestion and stops transmitting The value of this parameter affects all PVCs that you do not individually configure 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 24 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Configuring PVCs By default Frame Relay PVCs operate in group access mode Group access mode is self configuring as long as you are running a user side management protocol for example Rev 1 LMI Refer to Chapter 2 for more information about group access mode If you do not want PVCs to use group access defaults you must configure them manually The following list includes situations that require you to manually configure PVCs e Group access mode without the defaults e Group access mode without a management protocol e A Frame Relay topology configured as a group of point to point connections direct access mode e Bridged traffic in hybrid mode The following sections describe how to add PVCs edit PVC parameters group PVCs to run in multiline mode and delete PVCs Adding PVCs To add a PVC or copy an existing PVC complete the following steps 1 Begin at the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 2 Select Protocols gt Frame RelayInterfaces to display the Frame Relay Interface List window F
33. etion 5 Click on OK to delete the PVC After you delete a PVC it may reappear on the list of active PVCs if the switch provider does not delete it As soon as the switch provider removes the PVC the Configuration Manager dynamically deletes the PVC from the list 4 23 Configuring Frame Relay Services If the switch provider deletes a PVC that you manually configured the circuit state is set to Invalid and the PVC remains unused until you delete it from the interface Deleting Frame Relay from the Router To delete Frame Relay from all circuits on which it is currently configured complete the following steps 1 From the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 select Protocols gt Frame Relay gt Delete Frame Relay A window prompts Do you REALLY want to delete Frame Relay 2 Click on OK The Configuration Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Frame Relay is no longer operating on the router 4 24 Appendix A Configuration Examples This appendix provides examples for configuring AppleTalk DECnet IP IPX and OSPF over a Frame Relay network It lists the parameters that you modify to accommodate the following e A non fully meshed Frame Relay network using group access mode e A fully meshed Frame Relay network using group access mode e A non fully and fully meshed network using direct access mode We assume that you are familiar with the configuration procedures for Frame Relay
34. gp test Back ane Link Mode BLN HIH Version 9 00 PCr Used Deacription Connectors 5300 Quad Sync OM DOH DOH Dual Sync Single Ethern DOH Eapty Slot EC H Eepty Slot Systime Resource Module Figure 3 1 Configuration Manager Window The Configuration Manager displays the WAN Protocols menu Figure 3 2 Cance Figure 3 2 WAN Protocols Menu 3 2 Enabling Frame Relay 2 Select Frame Relay When running routing software protocol prioritization is enabled automatically when you select Frame Relay For detailed information on protocol prioritization refer to Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization 3 Click on OK to enable Frame Relay The Configuration Manager displays the Select Protocols window Go to the appropriate protocol specific guide for information on enabling the protocols you want to run on this interface 3 3 Chapter 4 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Once you configure a circuit with Frame Relay you can use the Configuration Manager to edit Frame Relay parameters Note You must first configure Frame Relay on the router before you can access and edit the Frame Relay parameters If you have not yet configured Frame Relay for instructions see Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software Using the MIB Object ID For each parameter this chapter includes default sett
35. her show at routes or show at nets but not both Ordering Bay Networks Publications To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks publications order by part number from Bay Networks Press at the following numbers You may also request a free catalog of Bay Networks Press product publications Phone FAX U S Canada FAX International 1 800 845 9523 1 800 582 8000 1 916 939 1010 xvii Configuring Frame Relay Services Acronyms ANSI ARP ATM BECN BOFL C R CRC DCE DE DLCI DLCMI DTE EA FECN IP IPX ITU T LAN LMI PVC VCs WAN American National Standards Institute Address Resolution Protocol Asynchronous Transfer Mode Backward Explicit Congestion Notification Breath of Life message Command Response bit Cyclic Redundancy Check data communications equipment Discard Eligibility data link connection identifier data link control management interface data terminal equipment Extended Address Bit Forward Explicit Congestion Notification Internet Protocol Internet Packet Exchange International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector local area network Local Management Interface permanent virtual circuit virtual circuits wide area network xviii Chapter 1 Frame Relay Overview Frame Relay is a high speed packet switching WAN protocol that enables the interconnection of geographically dispersed LANs Frame Relay is usua
36. igns 4 13 Configuring Frame Relay Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Select a value for the Enable Multi line parameter Refer to Chapter 2 for information about multiline Click on OK to return to the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 To change the configuration of the PVC you just added complete the procedure described in Editing PVC Configuration Parameters on page 4 15 DLCI Number None The Frame Relay switch provider assigns DLC I numbers These assigned numbers are valid options Valid DLCI numbers vary based on the Frame Relay address length The DLCI numbers that the switch provider assigns are generally in the following ranges Address Length DLCI Number 2 byte 16 to 1007 3 byte 1024 to 64511 4 byte 131072 to 8257535 Specifies the PVC identification number that the Frame Relay network uses to direct data If you are running IP over Frame Relay the router uses this number as the MAC address for an adjacent host Refer to Configuring IP Services for more information about adjacent hosts Enter the decimal number that the Frame Relay provider assigns 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 4 4 14 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Multi line No Yes No Allows you to enable the multiline feature for this PVC You can then make this PVC part of a mul
37. igure 4 2 3 Click on PVCs to display the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 Configuring Frame Relay Services PWC Slot 3 Di Hiel 100 Direct DN Slot 3 OOM1 Olci Aen Group Circuit State Set Multicast Rode DIRECT ACCES Congestion Control IHHEFIT Congest Lee Timor L SEDOMD Congestion Counter a G Figure 4 3 Frame Relay PVC List Window 4 To start with the default PVC configuration click on Add To copy an existing PVC configuration select that PVC and click on Copy If you are copying a group mode PVC the Frame Relay Virtual Circuit window appears as shown in Figure 4 4 If you are copying a direct or hybrid mode PVC the Frame Relay Virtual Circuit window appears as shown in Figure 4 5 Whether you use Copy or Add you can always change the configuration of the PVC later 4 12 Editing Frame Relay Parameters DLC Humne Ensble ulti line Figure 4 5 Frame Relay Virtual Circuit Window Direct Hybrid Mode Note f you are running PVCs in direct or hybrid access mode the copy function duplicates all the PVC information including the protocols for the PVC but the function does not configure the protocols You must reconfigure each protocol in the newly copied configuration 5 Enter the DLCI number in decimal format for the PVC Refer to the parameter description after this procedure for guidelines This value must match the DLCI number the Frame Relay switch provider ass
38. ing Bridging Services 2 9 Configuring Frame Relay Services Multiline Frame Relay provides a redundancy multiline feature The multiline feature lets you group two or more physical lines that back each other up in case of a failure This ensures that information arrives at its destination on the network In addition if both lines are up the router uses both lines simultaneously Two or more physical lines must be available for a multiline configuration Figure 2 6 illustrates a multiline configuration DLCI100 Linea DLCI 200 Frame Relay Router Router Network DLCI 100 Line B DLC 200 FR0009A Figure 2 6 Multiline Network In this example when the router receives traffic destined for the network it alternates randomly between Line A and Line B to transmit the data The router uses both lines simultaneously to balance the traffic between each path If one of these lines goes down the router uses the remaining line You can configure multiline for group access mode and direct access mode PVCs The most important part of configuring multiline is how you set a PVC s DLCI number This number identifies each PVC thereby identifying a path for the router to direct data to the network For each Frame Relay PVC that you configure be ce
39. ingdom call Freephone 0800 289378 e In Germany call 0130 37 32 e In Europe except for the United Kingdom and Germany call 44 272 760681 e Outside the U S Canada and Europe call 614 529 1349 and ask for Representative No 591 or consult your listings for an office near you Once you are online you can reach our forum by typing the command GO BAYNETWORKS at any prompt InfoFACTS is the Bay Networks free 24 hour fax on demand service This automated system contains libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products The system can return a fax copy to the caller or to a third party within minutes of being accessed XV Configuring Frame Relay Services World Wide Web The World Wide Web WWW is a global information system for file distribution and online document viewing via the Internet You need a direct connection to the Internet and a Web Browser such as Mosaic or Netscape Bay Networks maintains a WWW Home Page that you can access at http www baynetworks com One of the menu items on the Home Page is the Customer Support Web Server which offers technical documents software agents and an E mail capability for communicating with our technical support engineers How to Get Help For additional information or advice contact the Bay Networks Technical Response Center in your area United States 1 800 2LAN WAN Valbonne France 33 92
40. ings valid parameter options parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB Object ID The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB Object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration 4 1 Configuring Frame Relay Services Editing Frame Relay DLCMI Parameters To edit Frame Relay DLCMI parameters begin at the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 this is the first window that appears when you open a configuration file Configuration Mode Local San t LOCAL FILE File Name taplernit usr21 techpuba piyl lia ecreena F ram Model Backbone Link Node 98 H MIB Version 9 00 COC Used Deacript ian Commectora Empty Slot Systen Resource Module Figure 4 1 Configuration Manager Window From the Configuration Manager complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt Frame Relay Interfaces from the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 The Frame Relay Interface List window appears Figure 4 2 4 2 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Apply Ele Agent Type Add
41. ion hardware replacement and other programs designed to protect your investment To purchase any of these support programs including PhonePlus for 24 hour telephone technical support call 1 800 2LANWAN Outside the U S and Canada call 408 764 1000 You can also receive information on support programs from your local Bay Networks field sales office or purchase Bay Networks support directly from your reseller Bay Networks provides several methods of receiving support and information on a nonpriority basis through the following automated systems xiv About This Guide CompuServe InfoFACTS Bay Networks maintains an active forum on CompuServe All you need to join us online is a computer a modem and a CompuServe account We also recommend using the CompuServe Information Manager software available from CompuServe The Bay Networks forum contains libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products Software agents and patches are available and the message boards are monitored by technical staff and can be a source for problem solving and shared experiences Customers and resellers holding Bay Networks service contracts can visit the special libraries to acquire advanced levels of support documentation and software To open an account and receive a local dial up number call CompuServe at 1 800 524 3388 and ask for Representative No 591 e Inthe United K
42. l of 10 and a Full Enquiry Interval of 6 the router transmits a Full Status Inquiry every 60 seconds with a Polling Interval of 20 and a Full Enquiry Interval of 30 the router transmits a Full Status Inquiry every 10 minutes 600 seconds Enter a value between 1 and 255 according to what the network dictates Full Enquiry Interval does not function if you set the Mgmnt Type parameter to DLCMI None 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 11 4 7 Configuring Frame Relay Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Error Threshold 3 0 to 2 147 483 647 Together with the value of the Monitored Events parameter establishes a criterion used to evaluate the quality of the router Frame Relay network connection The Error Threshold parameter determines the number of faulty status messages required to bring the connection down The Monitored Events parameter specifies the number of status message exchanges If you accept the default values for both Error Threshold and Monitored Events three status exchange errors in a sequence of four attempted exchanges will bring the connection down With Error Threshold set to 5 and Monitored Events set to 10 five status exchange errors in a continuous sequence of ten attempted exchanges will bring the connection down After the network clears the connection status exchanges continue and the router monitors line integrity When the number of consecutive succe
43. lly offered by a public network provider however private organizations can own and manage their own Frame Relay networks as well Frame Relay is a connection oriented protocol which means that it relies on an existing end to end path between devices connected across the network It implements these connections using permanent virtual circuits PVCs A PVC is a logical path that the network provides to connect two devices This path between the source and destination point is a dedicated connection so the PVC is always available to the connected devices Since many PVCs can coexist devices can share the bandwidth of the transmission line Figure 1 1 illustrates a Frame Relay network EI ae E D a Frame Relay Network_ ET m E yo Suen Router VG Router Frame Relay defines the interface between the DTE router and the DCE switch VC virtual circuit Router FROOOLA Figure 1 1 Frame Relay Network 1 1 Configuring Frame Relay Services Frame Relay assumes that networks use transmission lines with low error rates such as digital transmission media Consequently Frame Relay provides only basic error detection with no error recovery This minimizes the processing requi
44. mer 4 10 Congestion Timer PVC configuration 4 18 Data Path Chooser 4 23 DLCI Number 4 14 editing 4 1 to 4 22 Enable 4 4 Enable Multi line 4 15 Error Threshold 4 8 Full Enquiry Interval 4 7 Mgmnt Type 4 4 Mode 4 17 Monitored Events 4 9 Multicast 4 9 Multicast PVC configuration 4 16 Polling Interval 4 7 Polling Interval parameter 4 7 protocol prioritization 2 7 PVCs configuring 4 11 to 4 20 Index 2 definition of 1 1 deleting 4 23 editing parameters for 4 15 to 4 20 R random traffic distribution for multiline 2 11 RFC 1490 2 7 S source routing using RFC 1490 2 9 spanning tree for hybrid access PVCs 4 20 synchronous line configuration 2 13 T traffic distribution for multiline 2 11 4 23 V virtual circuits for connections 1 1 W WCP protocol 2 9 Index 3
45. modes It works only for non fully meshed network configurations that use both bridging and routing over a single Frame Relay interface This mode is also best for spanning tree bridging If your network combines bridging and routing over a single interface you need to use PVCs in group access mode for routing while simultaneously using the same PVCs for bridging Since group access mode does not allow for bridging in non fully meshed environments you need to use hybrid access mode This mode allows a PVC to function as a direct access PVC for bridging while maintaining group access characteristics for routing protocols Figure 2 4 You must manually configure any PVC that requires hybrid access mode A hybrid access PVC uses group access for routing therefore all the routing protocols you select for the Frame Relay interface are available for the hybrid PVC For bridging the hybrid access circuit is separate from the other interface circuits so it supports only bridging spanning tree source routing and native mode LAN Bridge protocol sees two interfaces Frame Relay Direction of Data to the network Network Interface gt Frame Relay Network Routing Bridge Protocol Protocol ore protocol sees Interface to Network one interface to the network FROO07A Figure 2 4 Hybrid Access Mode Configuration 2 5 Configuring Frame Relay Services Before you configure hybrid access on your router evaluate
46. n Instructions MIB Object ID Congestion Timer 1 second 0 5 to 5 seconds in 0 5 second intervals Specifies the length of time during which the router counts congestion notifications If the router receives the number of congestion notifications set by the Congestion Counter parameter the router stops transmitting data The router resumes transmission once it stops receiving congestion notifications Set the length of time the router should count congestion notifications from the network If you set this parameter for a long time period the router may be less likely to stop transmission for an intermittent congestion condition However the router may be slow to detect congestion resulting in long transmission delays once the congestion has cleared The value of this parameter affects all PVCs that you do not individually configure Note however that if you set the Congestion Control parameter to Inherit the PVC uses the DLCMI parameter for congestion control not the value of this parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 27 Congestion Counter 20 notifications 1 to 500 notifications Sets the maximum number of congestion notifications that the router can receive during the Congestion Timer period before it stops transmitting Specify the congestion count The smaller the number the more quickly the router detects congestion and stops transmitting Note however that if you set the Congestion Control parameter to Inherit
47. ocol you configure over Frame Relay A 3 Configuring Frame Relay Services Configuring Protocols for Each Type of Network For AppleTalk DECnet IP IPX and OSPF you must modify a few parameters for the non fully meshed and fully meshed networks previously illustrated Select and edit these protocols after you configure a synchronous COM interface for Frame Relay Refer to Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for more information about setting up an interface The following tables list configuration changes for each protocol running over the Frame Relay networks These changes apply only to Routers 5 6 and 7 Refer to the appropriate protocol manual for information about each protocol Note The tables list only parameters whose default settings you need to change AppleTalk Configuration Tables A 1 and A 2 list the AppleTalk parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 1 AppleTalk Parameters for Routers 5 6 and 7 Values for Seed Router Only Parameter Name 21 22 23 Enable Enable Enable Enable Network Start 100 100 100 Network End 100 100 100 Default Zone FR FR FR case case case sensitive sensitive sensitive Values for Non Seed Router only Parameter Name S21 S22 S23 Enable Enable Enable Enable A 4 Configuration Examples Table A 2 IP Adjacent
48. omplete bidirectional signaling 4 5 Configuring Frame Relay Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Address ADDR Q922 ADDR Q922 ADDR Q922 November 90 ADDR Q922 MARCH 90 ADDR Q921 Specifies the DLCI addressing type ADDR Q922 selects addressing as specified in the final version of the Q 922 standard Q 922 provides for FECN BECN DE and EA bits While most Q 922 addresses are included within a 2 octet field the standard allows for 3 and 4 octet address fields The November draft of ADDR Q922 differs from ADDR Q922 in dropping the D C bit from the extended 3 and 4 byte forms The March draft of ADDR Q922 differs from ADDR Q922 in defining an 11 bit DLCI and dropping the DE bit from the second octet of the address field ADDR Q921 differs from ADDR Q922 MARCH 90 in that it does not use FECNs or BECNs Select the addressing type for the Frame Relay interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 8 Address Length Two Byte Two Byte Three Byte Four Byte Specifies the length of the Frame Relay address field Select the address length for the address field This must match what the network specifies 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 9 Note The length of this field determines the range of valid numbers for the DLCI number set in the Frame Relay PVC List window See the DLCI Number paramet
49. red for each packet allowing Frame Relay networks to operate at higher speeds with fewer network delays Because Frame Relay performs only basic error checking endstations running upper layer protocols such as Internet Protocol IP are responsible for resending packets that did not transmit correctly the first time Frame Relay Packets Figure 1 2 illustrates the structure of a Frame Relay packet The packet s header field includes the following e Data Link Connection Identifier DLCI The DLCI is the permanent virtual circuit PVC identification number The Frame Relay network uses the DLCI to direct basic data flow e Command Response bit C R ITU T formerly CCITT standards do not use this bit e Forward Explicit Congestion Notification FECN and Backward Explicit Congestion Notification BECN The FECN and BECN indicate congestion on the network See Chapter 2 for information on how the router s Frame Relay software uses these bits e Discard Eligibility DE The DE bit allows the router to mark specific frames as low priority discard eligible before transmitting them to the Frame Relay network e Extended Address bit EA The EA bit signals whether the next byte is part of the address This bit indicates the last byte of the DLCI 1 2 Frame Relay Overview Frame Relay Header Information Data DLCI high order DLCI low order ZzOmo FROO02A Figure 1 2 Frame Relay Header 2
50. ress Address Length Polling Irteryral Full ge CDR CT Interval Figure 4 2 Frame Relay Interface List Window 2 Select the interface that you want to edit from the scroll list 3 Modify the parameters referring to the descriptions that follow this procedure 4 When you finish editing parameters click on Apply 5 When you finish editing all interfaces click on Done 4 3 Configuring Frame Relay Services Frame Relay Interface Parameters Use the following descriptions as guidelines when you edit the parameters on the Frame Relay Interface List window Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Enable Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables Frame Relay service on this port Set to Disable if you want to disable Frame Relay service on this interface without deleting it Set to Enable to re enable Frame Relay service if you previously disabled it 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 2 Mgmnt Type ANSI T1 617D DLCMI None Rev 1 LMI ANSI T1 617D CCITT Annex A LMI Switch Annex D Switch Annex A Switch Specifies the management protocol that the router and the Frame Relay network use to communicate status information Routers connected back to back also use a management protocol to exchange status information DLCMI None provides no management interface between the router and the Frame Relay network In the absence
51. ress Addr Q922 Address Length Two Byte Polling Interval 10 seconds Full Enquiry Interval 6 Error Threshold 3 Monitored Events 4 Multicast Disable Congestion Control Disable Congestion Timer 1 second Congestion Counter 20 notifications B 1 Configuring Frame Relay Services Table B 2 Frame Relay PVC Parameters Parameter Default DLCI Number None Enable Multi line No Circuit State Set Active Multicast Unicast Mode Group Access Congestion Control Inherit Congestion Timer 1 second Congestion Counter 20 notifications Data Path Chooser None A access modes description of 2 1 direct access 2 4 group access 2 2 to 2 3 hybrid access 2 5 to 2 7 Address Length parameter 4 6 Address parameter 4 6 address resolution 2 8 address based distribution for multiline 2 11 Backward Explicit Congestion Notification BECN congestion control 2 12 definition of 1 2 Bay Networks publications ordering xvi C Circuit State Set parameter 4 16 configuring interface parameters 4 2 to 4 10 PVCs 4 11 to 4 24 Congestion Control parameter 4 9 4 17 Congestion Counter parameter 4 10 4 18 congestion of network 2 12 to 2 13 Congestion Timer parameter 4 10 4 18 Index D data compression 2 9 Data Link Control Identifier DLCD 1 2 Data Link Control Management Interface DLCMI configuring 4 2 definition of 1 4 standards of 1 4 Da
52. rtain that PVCs with the same destination have the same DLCI number Note f you use multiline packets traveling on the two paths may arrive at their destination out of sequence Some protocols do not tolerate packets arriving out of sequence and as a result you may experience poor performance or failures Refer to Chapter 4 for instructions about grouping PVCs for multiline 2 10 Implementation Notes Traffic Distribution between Data Paths To distribute traffic between multiline data paths you can use one of two methods e Random e Address based Random Distribution Random distribution means that as the router sends out each packet it alternates between the lines This option determines which line the packet uses based on a randomly assigned number For each outbound packet the router generates a random number and this number designates the line to use Random balancing evenly distributes traffic and lets the router use the two lines efficiently Because packets travel on different paths they arrive at the destination out of sequence and the upper layer protocols for example IP and OSI have to resequence the information Some protocols cannot tolerate packets arriving out of sequence so be sure this option is appropriate for your application Address based Distribution Address based distribution as the name implies determines the data path for outbound traffic based on the source and destination address in
53. se for example before your switch provider actually activates the PVC Choose Invalid if the PVC is configured but the switch is unaware of it 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 7 Multicast Unicast Unicast Multicast Indicates whether this PVC is multicast or unicast Set to unicast or multicast according to PVC type as the Frame Relay switch provider instructs 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 19 4 16 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Mode Group Access Group Access Hybrid Access Direct Access Specifies the network access mode See Chapter 2 for a description of each mode Specify the mode for the PVC 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 24 Congestion Control Inherit Disable Enable Inherit Enables or disables congestion control on this interface Set to Enable to activate congestion control This value tells the router to drop all traffic destined for a congested PVC until the congestion clears Set to Inherit if you want the Congestion Control setting for this PVC to match the setting you specify for Congestion Control in the Frame Relay Interface List window 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 25 4 17 Configuring Frame Relay Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Functio
54. sed Distribution 2 11 GONGeStiION Control EE 2 12 Configuring Synchronous Lines for Frame Helge 2 13 Chapter 3 Enabling Frame Relay Enabling Frame Relay on an Interface 3 1 Chapter 4 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Using the MIB Object D ves seictich cade act eaten asd Reeder deve EES ch aera eee 4 1 Editing Frame Relay DLCMI Parameters cccccceeceeceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeseeeeeeenaeeeees 4 2 Frame Relay Interface Parameters AAA 4 4 Configuring PVCS isie ae tae Ate ae ie ats A Tot i eaten Ges kd 4 11 ele ke A CAT 4 11 Editing PVC Configuration Parameters ccccscceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeesaeeeseeeeeaas 4 15 PVC Configuration Parameters c ccccscceceeceeeeneeeeeeeeeeeaeeseeeeeeesaeeseeneeesaeeeteeeeeaas 4 16 Selecting Protocols for Direct or Hybrid Mode PVCS cceceseeeeeteeeeeneeeeees 4 19 Grouping PVCs for Multiline eee eee ceeeneeeeteeeeeeeee seers eeseaee sees eesaaaeeeeeeeetaaeeeeneees 4 21 Data Path Chooser Parameter cccccccceeceeeeeececaeeeeeeeeceaeeeseaeeseeaeeeseaeeeeaees 4 23 Deleting GA 4 23 Deleting Frame Relay from the Router cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeeeeeee 4 24 Appendix A Configuration Examples Non Fully Meshed Configuration cccccceeeeeeceeeceeeeeeeeceaeeeeeeeesecaeeeseeaeseceeeeetaeetennees A 2 Fully Meshed Configuration ccceccccececeeeeeneeececeeeeeaeeseeaeeeeaaaeseceeesaaeseeeeeeseaeeneeneeee A 3
55. ssful status exchanges is equal to the Error Threshold value the router restores the Frame Relay connection Enter the number of faulty status exchanges that will bring the connection down 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 12 Note Error Threshold and Monitored Events are nonfunctional if you set Mgmnt Type to DLCMI None 4 8 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Monitored Events 4 0 to 2 147 483 647 Together with the value of the Error Threshold parameter establishes a criterion used to evaluate the quality of the router Frame Relay network connection Refer to the description of the Error Threshold parameter for more information Enter the number of consecutive status exchanges you want the router to monitor 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 13 Multicast Disable Enable Disable Enables or disables support for Frame Relay multicast service Set to Enable if your Frame Relay subscription service provides multicast service and if this Frame Relay interface should receive multicast messages 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 1 1 16 Congestion Control Disable Enable Disable Enables or disables congestion control on this interface Set to Enable to activate congestion control This value tells th
56. ta Path Chooser parameter 4 23 default parameter values B 1 deleting Frame Relay 4 24 PVCs 4 23 direct access mode 2 4 DLCI Number parameter 4 14 E Enable Multi line parameter 4 15 Enable parameter 4 4 Error Threshold parameter 4 8 F Forward Explicit Congestion Notification FECN congestion control 2 12 definition of 1 2 frame processing 1 5 Index 1 Frame Relay defaults B 1 enabling 3 1 implementation notes 2 1 overview 1 1 reference sources 1 5 Full Enquiry Interval parameter 4 7 G group access mode 2 2 to 2 3 grouping PVCs for multiline 4 21 to 4 22 H header format 2 byte 1 3 3 4 byte 1 3 hybrid access mode 2 5 to 2 7 implementation notes 2 1 to 2 13 interface parameter descriptions 4 4 to 4 10 L LMI Local Management Interface 1 4 4 4 management protocols See Data Link Management Interface DLCMI Mgmnt Type parameter 4 4 Mode parameter 4 17 Monitored Events parameter 4 9 Multicast parameter 4 9 4 16 multiline configuring 4 21 description of 2 10 traffic distribution over lines 2 11 N network congestion 2 12 to 2 13 O overview of Frame Relay 1 1 to 1 5 P packet structure of Frame Relay packet 1 2 parameters Address 4 6 Address Length 4 6 Circuit State Set 4 16 Congestion Control 4 9 Congestion Control PVC configuration 4 17 Congestion Counter 4 10 Congestion Counter PVC configuration 4 18 Congestion Ti
57. the PVC uses the DLCMI parameter for congestion control not the value of this parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 9 2 1 28 Editing Frame Relay Parameters Selecting Protocols for Direct or Hybrid Mode PVCs If you set the Mode parameter in the Frame Relay PVC List window to direct or hybrid access and then click on Apply the Configuration Manager displays the Select Protocols window Figure 4 6 Also the Configuration Manager adds a Protocols button in the top left corner of the window Figure 4 3 f i Figure 4 6 Select Protocols Window Note To see the complete list of protocols scroll through the entire list Select Protocols window To select protocols for direct access and hybrid access PVCs follow these steps 1 Click on Protocols gt Add Delete in the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 The Configuration Manager displays the Select Protocols window with the currently enabled protocols for that PVC selected You can also choose other protocols from this list to add to the PVC 4 19 Configuring Frame Relay Services 2 Select one or more protocols to be carried on this PVC and click on OK For hybrid access PVCs the Configuration Manager lists only those protocols shown in Figure 4 7 We strongly recommend that you enable spanning tree on all hybrid access PVCs so that the router detects loops in the network Figure 4 7 Protocols Menu for Hybrid Access PVCs For each protocol you select
58. the types of routers in your network For example if your network combines Series 5 routers which only run group access mode with Series 7 or higher routers which can run in hybrid access mode this combination may cause problems Using Hybrid Access for Transparent Bridging In Figure 2 5 traffic is bridged between Site A and Site B The bridge Router 1 is running on the Frame Relay interface and its configuration has the PVCs defined for group access mode Site A Site B f Router 2 e Bridge port sees one path to sites A and B Router 1 EE i L Ga Relay Aa Network Router 3 oH SCH ke Ka S g Ka E gt Figure 2 5 Example of a Bridged Network In this example the bridge receives data from Site A If the bridge does not recognize the destination address it tries to direct traffic through another bridge port However with group access mode configured the Frame Relay bridge port views the paths to Site A and Site B as the same path Because the bridge does not send out data on the same port from which it just received data the bridge does not direct the data to Site B In this example you should use hybrid access mode 2 6 Implementation Notes RFC 1490 If you define the
59. ther materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties Bay Networks Software License Note This is Bay Networks basic license document In the absence of a software license agreement specifying varying terms this license or the license included with the particular product shall govern licensee s use of Bay Networks software This Software License shall govern the licensing of all software provided to licensee by Bay Networks Software Bay Networks will provide licensee with Software in machine readable form and related documentation Documentation The Software provided under this license is proprietary to Bay Networks and to third parties from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights Bay Networks
60. this case highlight the PVC that you want to set for direct access If you are working in local mode you add the PVCs manually and then configure direct access This example assumes that you have to add the PVC to the list A 8 Configuration Examples Table A 10 lists the Frame Relay Virtual Circuit parameter that you must configure for the direct mode PVC Table A 10 Virtual Circuit Parameter for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 and S24 DLCI Number Enter the number supplied by your Frame Relay provider To configure the PVC between Router 5 and Router 8 as a direct mode PVC change the following Frame Relay PVC List parameter Table A 11 Table A 11 Frame Relay PVC List Parameter for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 24 Mode Direct Access Direct Access Once you add the direct mode PVC Site Manager prompts you to select protocols for that PVC Tables A 12 through A 16 list the parameters for AppleTalk DECnet IP with RIP IPX and OSPF running over the direct mode PVC A 9 Configuring Frame Relay Services AppleTalk Configuration Table A 12 lists the AppleTalk parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 12 AppleTalk Parameters for Routers 5 and 8 Values for Seed Router Only Parameter Name 21 24 Enable Enable Enable Network Start 200 200 Network End 200 200 Default Zone FR_Direct case sensitive FR_Direct case sensiti
61. tiline group See Grouping PVCs for Multiline on page 4 21 for more information about the multiline feature Select Yes if you want this PVC to be part of a multiline group None Editing PVC Configuration Parameters To change the PVC configuration complete the following steps If you have just completed the procedure described in the section Adding PVCs skip to Step 3 1 2 Begin at the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 1 Select Protocols gt Frame Relay gt Interfaces to display the Frame Relay Interface List window Figure 4 2 Click on PVCs to display the Frame Relay PVC List window Figure 4 3 Select the PVC you want to modify by clicking on it in the list Edit the configuration parameters you need to change referring to the descriptions following this procedure Click on Apply to save your changes 4 15 Configuring Frame Relay Services PVC Configuration Parameters Use the following descriptions as guidelines when you edit the parameters on the Frame Relay PVC List window Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Circuit State Set Active Invalid Active Inactive Specifies the state of the PVC Set to Active to indicate to a Frame Relay switch that the PVC is available for use Set to Inactive to indicate that the PVC is configured but not available for u
62. ve Values for Non Seed Router Only Parameter Name 21 24 Enable Enable Not applicable DECnet Configuration Table A 13 lists the DECnet parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 13 DECnet Parameters for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 S24 Area ID 3 3 Node ID 1 1 A 10 Configuration Examples IP Configuration Table A 14 lists the IP parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 14 IP Parameters for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 24 IP Address 191 33 50 5 191 33 50 8 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 IPX Configuration Table A 15 lists the IPX parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 15 IPX Parameters for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 24 Network Address hex b12345 b12345 OSPF Configuration Table A 16 lists the OSPF parameters that you must edit for each interface Table A 16 OSPF Parameters for Routers 5 and 8 Parameter Name 21 S24 OSPF Area 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 AS Boundary Router Yes Yes Appendix B Frame Relay Default Settings This appendix lists the default parameter settings for Frame Relay Use the Configuration Manager to edit any of the default settings listed here Table B 1 Frame Relay Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Mgmnt Type ANSI T1 617D Add
63. ware Directive dated 14 May 1991 as may be amended from time to time shall apply for interoperability purposes Licensee must notify Bay Networks in writing of any such intended examination of the Software and Bay Networks may provide review and assistance Notwithstanding any foregoing terms to the contrary if licensee licenses the Bay Networks product Site Manager licensee may duplicate and install the Site Manager product as specified in the Documentation This right is granted solely as necessary for use of Site Manager on hardware installed with licensee s network This license will automatically terminate upon improper handling of Software such as by disclosure or Bay Networks may terminate this license by written notice to licensee if licensee fails to comply with any of the material provisions of this license and fails to cure such failure within thirty 30 days after the receipt of written notice from Bay Networks Upon termination of this license licensee shall discontinue all use of the Software and return the Software and Documentation including all copies to Bay Networks Licensee s obligations under this license shall survive expiration or termination of this license Bay Networks Inc 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 8 Federal Street Billerica MA 01821 Contents About This Guide Ee TEE xiii fie Te EE xiv Bay Networks Customer Support ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaees
64. y interface can use different modes This section describes each access mode To understand the access modes you need to know whether the network is fully meshed or non fully meshed Figure 2 1 e Ina fully meshed network PVCs exist between each pair of nodes in the network e Inanon fully meshed network PVCs exist only between nodes that need to communicate The type of network configuration determines the best access mode for your application 2 1 Configuring Frame Relay Services Fully Meshed Network PVC connections to all nodes 201 BS 102 Frame Relay 203 103 Network 201 e 102 Non fully Meshed Network PVC connections between nodes that need to communicate 201 E Hub Site 102 Frame Relay 103 104 201 E Network 102 FROOLIA Figure 2 1 Fully Meshed and Non fully Meshed Networks Group Access In group access mode upper layer protocols treat each Frame Relay network interface as a single access point to the switched

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