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Apple iMalc 1.1.2 User's Manual

1. 0 0 asin NaN NaN asin 4 00 NaN NaN acos x for x gt 1 NaN acos 1 TT acos 1 0 acos 0 7 2 acos 0 77 2 acos NaN NaN acos oo NaN acos oo NaN atan 0 0 atan 0 0 iMalc Manual Technical Considerations atan NaN NaN T 2 atan oo T 2 Error codes You may occasionally see some error codes whilst using iMalc You will get the warning imaginary if you try to take the square root of a negative number You will also see NAN often followed by a number in brackets or INF INF means infinity and can be obtained through erroneous operators such as division by zero NANs are Not A Number and are other error codes generally for numbers which are out of range such as trying to take the arcsine of 100 The numbers in brackets sometimes following NANs are specific error codes and are listed on page 37 Technical Considerations Trigonometry units 42 Most computers calculate trig functions such as sine cosine tangent and their inverses in radians iMalc will calculate the correct function in whatever units are shown in the trig mode indicator Degrees Radians Gradients 360 2T 400 180 T 200 90 2 100 459 7 4 50 iMalc Manual Version History 0 1 0b1 First beta release 12th September 1999 1 0 0 First release 6th October 1999 Added flavour for G4 Slightly changed flavour menu shortcuts Colour change to BronzeCalc to bet
2. for his many helpful tips and examples and explanations of the workings of REALbasic Love to Jane for making the PowerBook happen Also to Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak Jeff Raskin Bill Atkinson and the rest of the guys on the Macintosh development team and at Apple who made such an insanely great machine in the first place and continue to make them uoneuiJoJu 19930 Gratitude to the beta testers Andy Pugh Ric Davis Dave Wakeman and Steve Loween who bought iMalc whilst still in beta superstar Also to those who pointed out bugs particularly John Blommers 59 Last to all the developers out there who have made such wonderful software And if you ve read this far all the way good on yer Remember Think Different Calculate Different Tony Spencer Updated 15th October 2000 1 1 2 iMalc Manual Other Information Useful contacts Adobe http www adobe com Apple Computer http www apple com Apple Masters famous people who use Macs http www apple com applemasters home html AppleStore http www apple com store AppleStore UK http www apple com ukstore Developer Documentation http developer apple com techpubs macos8 mac8 html iTools http itools mac com itoolsmain html Macintosh Product Guide over 17 000 Mac products http guide apple com Manuals http support info apple com manuals manuals qry AppleDesigns http www appledesigns com Apple Donuts http www apple donuts com Applefritte
3. 10 19 US 8 per copy 20 US 5 per copy Academic Site license US 200 roughly equal to 30 users Payment covers all future versions of iMalc For details on how to register and pay see the next two sections iMalc Manual Registration Registering Registering is very easy You can register and pay online by email fax or post To handle registrations we use the Kagi Software registration service The big advantage for you and us is if you have a credit card you can register immediately and being in a different country is no problem no matter how you decide to pay You can pay using a credit card Visa MasterCard American Express Diners Club Discover or Optima by cash in a variety of currencies including by US cheque or money order using First Virtual or if you are a company by invoice Registering Online To register online with a credit card e open your favourite browser You will need to supply your credit card details so you may want to use the secure connection http order kagi com UZE amp S If that doesn t work or you have an older browser that doesn t support secure connections try the non secure connection http order kagi com UZE e type in all of the characters including the and amp e follow the instructions on the web page uoneJ3siSoy 47 Registering by email fax or post To register by email fax or post you will need to use the Register iMalc program that came
4. Index denormalized numbers 37 38 display 23 double 35 double double 35 drag and drop 4 E Edit menu 15 email 12 Enter 24 equals 3 22 Error codes 5 42 Errors 32 Escape 25 Exception Handling 34 exponent 23 37 exponential 23 Eyecatcher 53 e x 20 22 F fee 45 flavour 5 26 Flavour menu 5 16 26 Flavours 26 floating point 31 35 FPCE 34 function keys 18 functions 40 future 44 G G3Calc 29 gradients 22 42 Grape iMalc 27 grow box 19 H Help menu 17 Hidden functions 4 22 Human Interface Guidelines 7 I Paid button 14 Icons 7 IEEE 31 58 imaginary 5 iMalc 54 iMalc features 1 iMalc Manual iMalc Help window 11 iMalc Preferences file 14 25 indicators 23 INF 5 Infinities 37 38 Inside Macintosh 31 58 institution 46 Interface 7 inverse 19 21 25 inverse key 19 K Kagi 47 48 keyboard 5 24 L latest version 44 Legal Information 54 Lime iMalc 27 log 22 log base 10 22 log functions 3 22 logarithm 19 Logarithm to base 10 key 20 logic 3 21 long double 35 M M key 3 19 22 M key 4 19 22 Mac HyperArchive 44 mantissa 37 memory 3 memory indicator 4 18 Memory keys 18 memory minus 19 21 memory plus 19 21 memory recall 19 21 Menus 15 MR key 3 19 22 5 o D X N NAN 5 NaNs 37 39 Natural logarithm 20 22 normalized numbers 37 Number keys 18 20 numbers 40 numerical limitations 31 X 9 Index O oper
5. Virtual since it is not yet possible to email cash or checks Save saves a copy of the registration form to your hard disk as a SimpleText document for you to print out or e mail later Quit quits the iMalc register program without doing anything iMalc Manual Registration 50 Registration Double check your registration request to see that all the information is correct if not correct it using the Register program Do not edit the output produced by the Register program The Kagi email and postal mail addresses are given on the registration form and above Save a copy for yourself We suggest printing it out Note Eyecatcher s email address Payment by credit card or First Virtual Kagi accepts Visa MasterCard American Express Diners Club Discover or Optima If paying with Credit Card or First Virtual you can email or fax the data to Kagi Their email address and their fax number are on the form You can either Copy the data from Register iMalc and paste into the body of an email message or you can Save the data to a file and you can attach that file to an email message There is no need to compress the data file it s already pretty small If you have a fax modem just Print the data to the Kagi fax number Alternatively you can print the form and send it by post Kagi s email address is sales kagi com Kagi s fax number is 1 510 652 6589 Payments sent via email are processed within 3 to 4 days You will
6. can use the delete key to backspace one character The trig and log functions are applied by pressing the relevant key after you ve entered the number To obtain their inverses hold down the option key and press the relevant arc key The trig function will return the correct result for the selected trig mode degrees radians or gradients The M key will add the number displayed into the memory The MR key will recall the memory and show it in the display Hidden functions Calculator Operation To obtain further functions press and hold down the option key In general the function obtained is the inverse of the normal one 22 SO sin sine becomes asin arcsine cos cosine becomes acos arccosine tan tangent becomes atan arctangent log base 10 becomes 10 anti log base 10 log natural In becomes square root becomes X The M key becomes the M key subtracting the displayed value from the memory and MR becomes CM clearing the memory if the value in memory is other than zero The C key becomes CE which will clear the last entry but not totally clear the calculator ie iMalc remembers any calculation total The two keys that have new functions are the 9o which becomes T pi which becomes iMalc Manual Calculator Operation The last two keys are the jus root of X and with option key down x x to the power To use these keys enter the X value first then press the key
7. division such as 0 0 8 Invalid multiplication such as 9 Invalid remainder or modulo such as x rem O 17 Attempt to convert invalid ASCII string 21 Attempt to create a NaN with a zero code 33 Invalid argument to trigonometric function such as cos sin tan 34 Invalid argument to inverse trigonometric function such aS acos asin atan 36 Invalid argument to logarithmic function such as log 10910 zi 37 Invalid argument to exponential function such as exp m expm1 5 38 Invalid argument to financial function compound or annuity 5 40 Invalid argument to inverse hyperbolic function such as 5 acosh asinh 42 Invalid argument to gamma function gamma or 39 Zeroes Each floating point format has two representations for zero 0 and 0 Although the two zeros compare as equal 0 0 their behaviours in IEEE arithmetic are slightly different Ordinarily the sign of zero does not matter except possibly for a function discontinuous at zero Though the two forms are numerically equal a program can distinguish 0 from 0 by operations such as division by zero or by performing the numeric copysign function The sign of zero obeys the usual sign laws for multiplication and division For example 0 x 1 0 and 1 0 co Because iMalc Manual Technical Considerations extreme negative underflows yield 0 expressions like 1 2 produce the correct sign for co when x is tiny and n
8. for font not being Charcoal Fixes a problem where the display would not show properly if a font with larger font metrics than Charcoal was used as the System font e Drag now works Glove cursor appears when over the display which is highlighted with a border colour matching the chosen flavour e Help Box text now correctly starts at the top when choosing another topic e Added What s New and System Requirements to Help e J03SI1H UOISJ9A 45 1 1 1 Third release 12th October 2000 e Leading zero input display bug fixed 1 1 2 Fourth release 15th October 2000 e Trailing zero input display bug fixed iMalc Manual Version History Proposed future enhancements Key for input of exponents Additional memories Support for new flavours Sage Indigo Ruby and Snow Hyperbolic functions Key for factorial Base conversions Where to get the latest version We hope to keep the latest version of iMalc posted to the Info Mac HyperArchive which is searchable at http hyperarchive lcs mit edu HyperArchive html We also hope to be able to provide a list of other local servers where you can get the latest versions for download on our web site to try and reduce the load on our ISP You can also obtain the latest version at http homepage mac com eyecatcherprods iMalc html http eyecatcherproduction tripod com iMalc html http www geocities com eyecatcherproductions iMalc html http eyecatcherproductions nav to iMalc
9. from Eyecatcher Productions Eyecatcher Productions is the trading name used by Tony Spencer Tony has been using Apple Macintoshes for over ten years in the publishing field He has been a freelance production editor for eight years and a freelance photographer for three years He is the author of iMalc and is from London in the United Kingdom and has recently returned from 19 months travelling around the world Having done some programming several years ago Tony is now using REALbasic from Real Software to produce Macintosh applications suononpoJd 149u23e a 3 Contacting Eyecatcher 53 If you have any technical support questions problems comments about iMalc or Eyecatcher Productions please email us at eyecatcherprods mac com Our web site which contains news and information on iMalc and other Eyecatcher products is at http homepage mac com eyecatcherprods Mirror sites are also available at http eyecatcherproduction tripod com http www geocities com eyecatcherproductions http eyecatcherproductions nav to http www tspencer dircon co uk eyecatcher iMalc Manual Legal Information Legal Information The following is legal information which concerns copyright and your software license which you should read carefully Copyright iMalc the software the manual and this Read Me file are Tony Spencer Eyecatcher Productions 1999 2000 All rights reserved Tony Spencer has a
10. http www macinstein com Macintosh OS com http www macintoshos com Macintouch http www macintouch com MacMad http www macmad org MacMarines http www macmarines com Mac Observer http www macobserver com MacOS Web Directory http www macwebdir com MacOSZone com http www macoszone com MacPicks http www macpicks com Mac Rocks music http www macrocks com Mac Rumors http www macrumors com Macsites http www macsites com MacSoldiers http www macsoldiers com MacSurfShop http www macsurfshop com MacTimes http www mactimes com Mac Today http www mactoday com MacToolbox http www mactoolbox com MacIreasures http www mactreasures com 5 MacUpdate http www macupdate com F MacUser UK http www macuser co uk MacWindows integrating http www macwindows com 9 MacWorld UK http www macworld co uk MacWorld US http www macworld com 9 MacWorld iMac http macworld zdnet com subject imac Making the Macintosh http library stanford edu mac Mathematical Atlas http www math atlas org welcome html 61 MathPages http www seanet com ksbrown Microsoft http www microsoft com mac Motorola http www motorola com NoBeige com http www go2mac com nobeige Real Software http www realsoftware com Quark http www quark com Secure Mac http www SecureMac com Steve Wozniak http www Woz org The Apple Collection http www theapplecollection com TheiMac com htt
11. or collapse box Close box Memory indicator l Display Trig mode indicator yth root of x key Logarithm base 9 key Natural logarithm key Trignometry functions Memory keys Percent key Clear key Square root key Operator keys Calculator Operation Number keys Decimal point key Plus Minus key 18 The key layout follows fairly standard layout Various types of keys are grouped together The Number keys are based at the bottom in a standard layout with the Decimal Point and Plus Minus keys just below The Operator keys X are in a column the right The Memory keys are located just above the operator keys on the top right The Clear key is on the left just above the number keys Above the number keys are the various function keys trignometry logarithm power root and percent keys Above the keys is the display including the memory and trig mode indicators iMalc Manual Calculator Operation In addition more functions can be obtained by holding down the Option Alt M key x key 10 key e key Trignometry inverse functions Memory keys Pi key Clear last entry key x Square key 4 1 inverse key Generally the inverse of the function is obtained when holding down the Option button and pressing the key Thus the sine sin key becomes arcsine the cosine cos key becomes arccosine the tangent tan key becomes arctangent the logarithm b
12. post or electronic mail The fee is just USS10ZE10 simply fill in your details with the enclosed Register application and follow the instructions in either the enclosed Read file Manual or the Help menu Ta launch the Register application now press the Register button Alternatively vou can pay via credit card online bv clicking here Thank you for registering Register i Male There are three buttons I Paid Register and OK The OK button dismisses the window The Register button will open the Register iMalc application for you to fill in your registration details See later in this manual for full details on how to use Register iMalc Interface The I Paid button is for when you have registered iMalc and paid the shareware fee Pressing it will give you a spoken thank you and will dim the Register button in the About Box window It will also stop the Reminder screen from appearing 14 You can also go direct to our page on the Kagi website to pay by credit card online by clicking on the blue word here as instructed This will launch your browser and point you to the Eyecatcher page on Kadi A Warnine Note that if you trash the iMalc Preferences file in the Preferences folder of the System Folder then the Reminder screens will begin to appear again and the Register button in the About Box window will no longer be dimmed iMalc Manual Interface Menus The menus in iMal
13. square root remainder and round to integer B conversion operations which convert numbers to and from the floating point data formats E comparison operations such as less than greater than and equal to environmental control operations which manipulate the floating point environment Technical Considerations 24 The IEEE standard requires that the basic arithmetic operations have the following attributes The result must be accurate in the precision in which the operation is performed When a numerics environment is performing a floating point operation it calculates the result to a predetermined number of binary digits This number of digits is called the precision The result must be correct to the last binary digit m If the result cannot be represented exactly in the destination data format it must be changed to the closest value that can be represented using rounding iMalc Manual Technical Considerations m If an invalid input is provided or if the result cannot be represented exactly a floating point exception must be raised Careful Rounding If the result of an IEEE arithmetic operation cannot be represented exactly in binary format the number is rounded IEEE arithmetic normally rounds results to the nearest value that can be represented in the chosen data format The difference between the exact result and the represented result is the roundoff error The IEEE standard requires that users be able
14. the fee costs just 10 15 15 You have used iMalc 50 times small price to pav for the fruitful You have been using iMalc far relationship with your favourite minutes Calculator since vou acquired it 992419 U Em eyecaicher Register Now Register Later Still Trying 15 It gives you details of the number of times you have used iMalc and the total time you have been using it This window will appear more and more frequently as time goes by Once you register iMalc this screen will no longer appear There are three buttons When the window appears all three buttons are dimmed After a few seconds they start to be enabled with Register Now appearing first then Register Later and finally after 10 seconds the Still Trying button Pressing Register Now will take you to the Register window and the other two after the pause will exit the window The Register window shown overleaf is accessible from the About Box window and the Reminder window above iMalc Manual Interface The Registration window has some very brief instructions on how to pay using the Register iMalc program that comes with iMalc How to Register iMalc A collection company called Kagi handles all of our registration fees This makes life easier for us and easier for you They are able to easily handle foreign payments You can pay the registration fee by cash US check or credit card and send the details by fax
15. to choose to round in directions other than to the nearest value For example sometimes you might want to know that rounding has not invalidated a computation One way to do that would be to force the rounding direction so that you can be sure your results are higher or lower than the exact answer Because it conforms to the IEEE standard PowerPC Numerics gives you a means of doing that Fully developed this strategy is called interval arithmetic Kahan 1980 The following example is a simple demonstration of the advantages of careful rounding Suppose your application performs operations that are mutually inverse that is operations y f x x g y such that g f x x There are many such operations such as x Vy 375 3 5 Je iuu2a Suppose F x is the computed value of f x is the computed value of g y Because many numbers cannot be represented exactly in binary the computed values F x and G y will often differ from f x and g y Even so if both functions are continuous and well behaved and if you always round F x and G y to the nearest value you might expect your computer arithmetic to return x when it performs the cycle of inverse operations G F x x 33 It is difficult to predict when this relation will hold for computer numbers Experience with other computers says it is too much to expect but IEEE arithmetic very often returns the correct inve
16. when the next operator key is pressed and is effectively the number currently in the display An operator key is any one of X Or Or any of the mathematical function keys such as log or sin Clear in the edit menu will act like the C button and completely clear the calculator You can also drag and drop numerical values on to the display from other applications When the cursor is over the display it changes from an arrow to a hand and the display takes on a border colour to signify you can drag and drop B m IMalc IMalc x 4 vs If you then click and hold the mouse button you start dragging The cursor changes to a closed hand and a dotted rectangle appears indicating where the drag has moved to You can simply continue dragging and drop the rectangle onto any application or 5 to the desktop to create a clipping containing the value the 5 display as per the usual Macintosh Drag and Drop function 5 5 9 S qeu Ane clipping 24 m m Using the keyboard You can also use the keyboard to operate the calculator The standard number and keypad keys work as do the operator and backspace Return and Enter also act as the equals key Comma also functions as the decimal separator in addition to point dot iMalc Manual Calculator Operation All of the functions except the memo
17. window Contacts and Credits window Reminder window Registration window iMalc Apple File and Edit menus Flavour menu Help menu Calculator layout Layout with Option key pressed The keys The display Bondi Blueberry Grape Lime flavours of iMalc Strawberry Tangerine Graphite flavours of iMalc Classic platinum MacCalc PowerBookCalc BronzeCalc G3Calc and G4Calc Blueberry Tangerine Graphite flavours of iBookCalc Introduction iMalc is a fully featured scientific calculator designed to replace the standard Apple calculator It offers more functions and allows you to customise its appearance to complement your flavour of iMac iBook PowerBook G3 G4 or platinum Mac iMalc features include 18 mathematical functions in addition to the basic operators and a saveable memory Functions available common logarithm and inverse 10 Natural logarithm and inverse Sine cosine tangent and their inverses arcsine arccosine and arctangent Square root x yt root of x x Percent Pi and keys UOLJINPOI U iMalc also has memory plus minus recall and clear buttons The trignometrical functions may be calculated in degrees radians or grads 1 iMalc supports drag and drop and copying and pasting to and from the display window You can customise iMalc to complement your flavour of iMac iBook PowerBook G3 G4 or platinum Mac The key and display colo
18. with iMalc See the next section for details on how to use Register iMalc for your preferred payment method At the present time you must either register online or via Kagi with the Register iMalc program Eyecatcher cannot deal with registrations directly the author is currently travelling around the world if you must know the reason therefore all fees help At a future date direct registration with Eyecatcher may be possible iMalc Manual Registration 48 Registration Payment Instructions Kagi handles payments from customers around the world and forwards payments on to software authors around the world Kagi represents many thousands of software authors and has designed an automated system to keep registrations as speedy and fuss free as possible If you wish to register online with a credit card see left for details Otherwise whatever method you choose to pay by you will need to use the Register iMalc program that came with iMalc If you no longer have this you will need to download the program again Kagi cannot accept any payments that do not use the Register iMalc program This is because their fee collection and payment system is highly automated to reduce costs and speed up the registration process Using Register iMalc is also very easy You may want to keep these instructions open onscreen while you fill in your registration details or print them out for later referral Using Register iMalc e Open Reg
19. 00 20 will give 120 200 x 20 will give 40 j The C key will totally clear the calculator The running total is always remembered until the C key is pressed eg if you enter 15 2 17 then press 12 the answer will be 29 You can use the delete key to backspace one character The trig and log functions are applied by pressing the relevant key after you ve entered the number To obtain their inverses hold down the option key The M key will add the number displayed into the memory The MR key will recall the memory and show it in the display iMalc Manual Quick Start 4 Quick Start Hidden functions To obtain further functions press and hold the option key In general the function obtained is the inverse of the normal one eg sin becomes arcsine log natural In becomes e square root becomes x The M key becomes the M key subtracting the displayed value from the memory and MR becomes CM clearing the memory The C key becomes CE which will clear the last entry but not totally clear the calculator The two keys that have new functions are the which becomes TT pi and which becomes The last two keys the gm root of X and with option key down x x to the power y To use these keys enter the x value first then press the key You will be prompted to enter the y root or power and when you ve done so press equals to get the result Unlike many calculators iMalc lets you corre
20. Considerations as binary floating point numbers Binary floating point numbers can represent real numbers exactly in relatively few cases in all other cases the representation is approximate For example 1 2 0 5 in decimal can be represented exactly in binary as 0 1 Other real numbers that can be represented exactly in decimal have repeating digits in binary and hence cannot be represented exactly as shown below For example 1 10 or decimal 0 1 exactly is 0 000110011 in binary Errors of this kind are unavoidable in any computer approximation of real numbers Because of these errors sums of fractions are often slightly incorrect For example 4 3 5 6 is not exactly equal to 1 2 on any computer even on computers that use IEEE standard arithmetic Fraction Decimal approximation Binary approximationt 1 10 0 1000000000 0 000110011001100110011001101 1 2 0 5000000000 0 100000000000000000000000 4 3 1 333333333 1 01010101010101010101011 5 6 0 8333333333 0 110101010101010101010101 4 3 5 6 0 4999999997 0 100000000000000000000001 10 significant digits T 23 significant digits Exact value The IEEE standard defines data formats for floating point numbers shows how to interpret these formats and specifies how to perform operations known as floating point operations on numbers in these formats It requires the following types of floating point operations basic arithmetic operations add subtract multiply divide
21. Fruit is good for you Enrich your life ac Cale E Idae 0 tale B 1 Gale 0 IMalc _ Fl PowerfookCalc iMalc Manual version 1 1 2 incorporating G3Calc G4Calc PowerBookCalc BronzeCalc iBookCalc and MacCalc iBookCale _ iBookCafFi iMaic E iMalc iBookCalc NorTM Calculate Different Ma Bey euecaL cre 1999 2000 Eyecatcher Productions All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means mechanical electronic photocopying recording or otherwise without prior written permission of Eyecatcher Productions except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided electronically No licenses express or implied are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book Eyecatcher Productions retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this manual This manual is intended to assist users in making full use of the software iMalc Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate Eyecatcher Productions is not responsible for typographical errors Apple the Apple logo Mac the Mac logo iMac PowerMac iBook PowerBook G3 G4 and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc registered in the Unit
22. NTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS READ ME MANUAL OR SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS ORAL OR WRITTEN EXPRESS OR IMPLIED IN NO EVENT SHALL EYECATCHER PRODUCTIONS LIABILITY EXCEED THE LICENSE FEE PAID IF ANY 56 No Eyecatcher Productions dealer agent or employee is authorized to make any modification extension or addition to this warranty This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of England and Wales If for any reason a court of competent jurisdiction finds any provision of the Agreement or portion thereof to be iMalc Manual Legal Information unenforceable or contrary to law that provision of the Agreement shall be enforced to the maximum extent permissible so as to effect the intent of the parties and the remainder of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect e6 1 57 iMalc Manual Other Information Other Information Here is a selection of other useful information and web sites Bibliography Inside Macintosh reference books from Apple published by Addison Wesley In particular Overview Human Interface Guidelines Memory PowerPC Numerics and Macintosh Toolbox Essentials American National Standards Institute Floating Point C Extensions prepared by the Floating Point C Extensions FPCE branch of the Numeri
23. PCE recommendations as well as to the IEEE standard C implementations using SANE do not necessarily comply with the FPCE recommendations About Floating Point Data Formats The IEEE standard defines several floating point data formats one required and the others recommended IEEE requires that iMalc Manual Technical Considerations each data format have a sign bit s an exponent field e and a fraction field f For each format it lists requirements for the minimum lengths of these fields For example the standard describes a 32 bit single format whose exponent field must be 8 bits long and whose fraction field must be 23 bits long The only required data format is the 32 bit single format A 64 bit double format is strongly recommended The IEEE standard also describes two data formats called single extended and double extended and recommends that floating point environments provide the extended format corresponding to the widest basic format single or double they support To conform to the IEEE requirements on floating point data formats the PowerPC Numerics environment provides three data formats single 32 bits double 64 bits and double double 128 bits The single and double formats are implemented exactly as described in the standard The double double format is provided in place of the recommended double extended format IEEE requires that the double extended format be at least 79 bits long with at least a 15
24. You will be prompted to enter the root or power and when you ve done so press equals to get the result Unlike many calculators iMalc lets you correctly determine odd number integer roots of negative numbers The display Memory indicator liz Trig mode indicator The display will show up to 12 digits including a minus if present Numbers in exponential form will be shown with e followed by a plus or a minus and then exponent eg 1 633124e 16 1 633124 1016 Also in the display on the left hand side are two indicators The one on the bottom left is the degree radian grad indicator and Shows which mode the calculator is in displaying a D R or G respectively This is always lit uoneJedo 403e n 5 e5 Initially unlit is the memory light M above the trig mode indicator If there is a number stored in memory other than zero then this indicator will be lit 25 To change the trig mode just click on or near the indicator light It will cycle through D R and G ee ENM ETT You can copy cut and paste to and from the display window using either by selecting the relevant command in the Edit menu or use the standard Macintosh keyboard shortcuts of 36 C 96 and 98 respectively Cutting will copy the displayed value to the clipboard and then set the display and operand to zero iMalc Manual Calculator Operation The operand is the number to be operated on
25. ace The Undo menu item is effectively the same as the CE clear last entry key It will clear the last operand input but not the calculation total or previous entry It will not undo the last calculation See the chapter on Calculator Operation for further details The Cut Copy and Paste items are available in the Calculator window and the Copy item in the Help window Copying in the calculator window will copy the current display into the system clipboard and in the Help window the currently selected text in the right hand info box into the system clipboard Using Cut in the calculator window will copy the display to the clipboard and then set the display to zero and the operand to zero If there is already a numerical value in the system clipboard then using Paste will put the value in the display and set the operand to that value The Edit menu uses the standard keyboard commands for Undo Cut Copy and Paste The Flavour menu has fifteen items amp File Edit Help Bondi Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tangerine Graphite Special Edition GS G4 PowerBook G3 PowerBook 63 Bronze IBook Blueberry IBook Tangerine IBook Graphite Platinum It allows you to choose your flavour or appearance of iMalc You can either choose the menu item or use the relevant keyboard shortcut A checkmark appears to the left of the current flavour iMalc Manual Interface Depending on your choice of flavour both
26. and 23 operator key 24 Operator keys 18 20 option key 4 19 22 Other Information 58 p paste 4 23 payment 45 Payment by cash 50 Payment by credit card 50 Payment Instructions 48 percent 19 21 pi 4 19 21 22 plus minus key 19 21 PowerBookCalc 29 PowerPC chip 31 PowerPC Numerics 31 35 precision 35 Preferences file 6 25 pricing 45 46 Purchase Order 49 R radian 23 radians 22 42 Ranges 40 rates 46 REALbasic 53 register 45 Register iMalc 48 Register window 13 Registering 47 Registering by email 47 Registering Online 47 Registration 45 Registration window 14 Reminder window 13 Return 24 Reverse Polish Notation 21 Rounding 33 RPN 21 S SANE 31 35 school 46 Shareware 45 shortcut keys 26 iMalc Manual sign change key 21 significand 37 sin 4 22 sine 19 22 Sine x key 20 Single user license 46 Site license 46 software 54 software license 46 55 Square key 19 Square root 21 22 Strawberry iMalc 28 Student 46 System requirements iv tan 22 tangent 19 22 Tangent x 20 Tangerine iBookCalc 30 Tangerine iMalc 28 Technical Considerations 31 Technical Support 52 The Display 4 23 The keys 20 title bar 19 Tony Spencer 53 Trademarks 54 trial period 45 trig functions 3 22 42 trig indicator 4 trig mode 22 trig mode indicator 18 Trigonometry 42 U university 46 V Version History 43 version number 12 W website address 12 Welcome screen 8 Windows 8
27. anual is accurate Eyecatcher Productions is not responsible for typographical errors This is a legal agreement between you and Eyecatcher Productions covering your use of iMalc the Software Be sure to read the following agreement before using the Software BY USING THE SOFTWARE REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU HAVE REGISTERED THE SOFTWARE OR NOT YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT DO NOT USE THE SOFTWARE AND DESTROY ALL COPIES IN YOUR POSSESSION UOLJEWOJU 891 55 iMalc is distributed via the shareware system You are permitted to use the Software on a trial basis for up to 30 days If you wish to continue using the Software beyond that period you must register by paying a fee of 15 00 in U S or equivalent currency or remove it from your computer storage medium Academic Site and World Wide licenses are also available The Software is owned by Eyecatcher Productions and is protected by United Kingdom copyright laws and international treaty provisions Therefore you must treat the Software like any other copyrighted material e g a book or musical recording Paying the license fee allows you the right to use one copy of the Software on a single desktop computer and one copy on a portable computer You may not network the Software or iMalc Manual Legal Information otherwise use it or make it available for use on more than one computer at
28. ase g log key becomes 10 the natural logarithm In key becomes the square root becomes a square key X and the je root of X becomes the x x to the power y key uoneJedo 403e n 5 e5 19 The memory plus M key becomes the memory minus M key and the memory recall MR key becomes the clear memory CM key The three exceptions are the percent 9o key which becomes the T pi key the plus minus key which becomes the inverse key and the clear key which becomes the clear last entry CE key The calculator window is a standard window with a title bar close box and windowshade collapse box The window is not resizable and hence there is no grow or zoom box Clicking on the close box will quit iMalc and clicking on the windowshade box will collapse the window to just the title bar You can move the window around by click dragging the title bar ie clicking and holding the mouse down while dragging iMalc Manual Calculator Operation The keys Number keys ll Operator keys Decimal point key Logarithm to base 10 key 10 or anti logarithm to base 10 key Option key Natural logarithm base e key or anti natural logarithm key Option key y root of x key X x to the power y key Option key Calculator Operation Sine X key 20 Arcsine X key Option key Cosine X key Arccosine X key Option key Tangent X key Arctangent X key Op
29. bit exponent The double double format is 128 bits long and has an 11 bit exponent The double double format is just what its name sounds like two double format numbers combined The PowerPC assembly language multiply add instructions which multiply two double format numbers and add a third with at most one roundoff error make implementing the double double format much more efficient than implementing a true IEEE double extended format Technical Considerations The IEEE standard also makes requirements about how the values in these data formats are interpreted PowerPC Numerics follows these requirements exactly 36 iMalc uses doubles for all calculations Interpreting Floating Point Values Regardless of which data format single double or double double you use the numerics environment uses the same basic method to interpret which floating point value the data format represents Every floating point data format has a sign bit an exponent field and a fraction field These three fields provide binary encodings of a sign or an exponent a significand respectively of a floating point value The value is interpreted as significand x 2exponent bias iMalc Manual Technical Considerations where is the sign stored in the sign bit 1 is negative O is positive significand has the form bo bibobs Dprecision 1 Where D1b5bs Dorecision 1 are the bits in the fraction field and bg is an impli
30. c s features The About Box will reflect your choice of flavour It contains two buttons Register and OK Pressing Register will take you to the Register screen and the OK button will dismiss the About Box Clicking anywhere in the About Box or pressing return will also dismiss the About Box The About Box also contains an Eyecatcher logo the version number copyright statement and the Eyecatcher Productions web site URL Clicking on the URL will launch your browser and take you to the Eyecatcher web site Also visible is a Made with REALbasic logo the programming application used to develop iMalc Under the Help menu there are two windows you can call up the iMalc Help window and the Contacts and Credits window The online iMalc help covers all the basics but is not as iMalc Manual Interface informative as this manual The iMalc Help window looks like this Help iMalc Help About a a scientific calculator that What s New improves onthe standard Apple Using iMalc azi calculator awailable trom the Apple menu n addition lets you How do I change its appearance to match the access other functons flavour of your iMac change to from degrees change the colours Forusers of other machines there is also the option af changing use the memory appearance to match G3 a use the Keyboard G4 PowerBook including the register Lombard bronze keyboard rea
31. c follow the Apple standard as outlined in Apple s Human Interface Guidelines with only one addition to the Standard Apple set of Apple menu File menu Edit menu and Help menu the Flavour menu They run from left to right Apple File Edit Flavour and Help amp File Edit Flavour Help Under the Apple menu at the top is the About iMalc menu item File Edit Flavour Help ABOUT Choosing this item will open up the About iMalc window previously described Under the File menu are two items Close and Quit with the Standard keyboard shortcut commands EI Edit Flavour Help Close Quit 29 D2eJi 1u Choosing Close or 38 W will close the About Box Help Contacts and Register windows but not the Reminder window If only the main iMalc Calculator window is open then it will not only close the window but also quit iMalc The command is added to the calculator window for added convenience and to follow Apple guidelines 15 Choosing Quit or 3 Q from any window will quit iMalc Just before quitting iMalc will save to its Preferences file retaining the value in memory if any your flavour preference and the window position File Flavour Help The Edit menu has the Undo 37 standard items of Undo Cut Copy Paste and Cut db X Clear There is no Copy C Preferences menu item Paste since they are handled Clear under the Flavour menu iMalc Manual Interface 16 Interf
32. cal C Extensions Group ANSI X3J11 1 93 028 1993 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Standard for Binary Floating Point Arithmetic IEEE Standard 754 1985 New York IEEE 1985 Other Information 58 Kahan W Interval Arithmetic Options in the Proposed IEEE Floating Point Arithmetic Standard In Interval Mathematics 1980 edited by K E L Nickel New York Academic Press 1980 Kahan W Rational Arithmetic in Floating Point Berkeley CA Report No PAM 343 Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics University of California 1986a Motorola Corporation PowerPC 601 RISC Microprocessor User s Manual Motorola Corporation 1993 iMalc Manual Other Information Credits Thanks are due to many people Firstly to those who have paid their registration fees hopefully that s you Thank you for supporting the shareware concept Secondly to Andrew Barry for writing such a great program as REALbasic the development language in which iMalc is written Thanks to Geoff Perlman Joe Strout Dave Grogono Lorin Rivers and the rest of the team at Real Software Inc http www realsoftware com for continuing to develop such an awesome RAD IDE and all those on the REALbasic NUG for their help and tips Thanks also to Matt Neuberg http www tidbits com matt who wrote REALbasic The Definitive Guide published by O Reilly ISBN 1 56592 657 9 http www ora com catalog realbasic index html
33. cit bit whose value is interpreted as described in the sections Normalized Numbers and Denormalized Numbers below The significand is sometimes called the mantissa exponent is the value of the exponent field bias is the bias of the exponent The bias is a predefined value 127 for single format 1023 for double and double double formats that is added to the exponent when it is stored in the exponent field When the floating point number is evaluated the bias is subtracted to return the correct exponent The minimum biased exponent field all 05 and maximum biased exponent field all 1 s are assigned special floating point values In a numeric data format each valid representation belongs to exactly one of these classes which are described in the sections that follow E normalized numbers denormalized numbers E Infinities NaNs B zeroes Normalized Numbers Je iuu2a The numeric data formats represent most floating point numbers as normalized numbers meaning that the implicit leading bit bo of the significand is 1 Normalization maximizes the resolution of the data type and ensures that representations are unique j Using only normalized representations creates a gap around the value 0 If a computer supports only the normalized numbers it must round all tiny values to 0 For example suppose such a computer must perform the operation x y where x and y are very close to bu
34. ctly determine odd number integer roots of negative numbers The Display The display will show up to 12 digits including a minus if present Also in the display on the left hand side are two indicators The one on the bottom left is the degree radian grad indicator and shows which mode the calculator is in displaying a D R or G respectively This is always lit Initially unlit is the memory light M above the trig mode indicator If there is a number stored in memory other than zero then this indicator will be lit To change the trig mode just click on or near the indicator light It will cycle through D R and G You can copy cut and paste to and from the display window using either the Edit menu or use the standard Macintosh keyboard shortcuts of 86 C 98 and respectively Clear the edit menu will act like the C button and completely clear the calculator You can also drag and drop numerical values on to the display iMalc Manual Quick Start Using the keyboard You can also use the keyboard to operate the calculator The Standard number and keypad keys work as do the operator and backspace Return and Enter also act as the equals key Comma also functions as the decimal separator in addition to point dot All of the functions except the memory are accessible via the keyboard too Log base 10 is L natural logs is N percent is P is M sin is S cosine is C tangent is T square root is R yel ro
35. d the manual PowerBooks the iBooks and far What s a NANand an INF those with eee E standard platinum appearance System Requirements Double click on an item an the left ta learn more You can scroll down the contents in the box the right to read the help Double click on a topic on the left to go to the online Help for that topic The selection is highlighted Help iMalc Help D2eJi 1u About Changing iMalc s appearance is What s New Simply choose yourflayvour Using iMalc fram the Flavour menu Or use the shortcut keys How do access other functons The flavours available are change to from degrees original Bondi Blue Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tangerine and Graphite 1 change the colours use the memory use the keyboard In addition you can also choose register GdCalc two flavours read the manual PowerBook including the Bronze keyh d Lombard G3s What s a NANand INF cc MN a Blueberry Tangerine and Graphite System Requirements atifook and if wi i Have Double click on an item the left learn more iMalc Manual Interface The Contacts and Credits window has buttons down the left Contact info and credits A c iMalc was written by Tony Spencer Contact for Eyecatcher Productions Version 1 1 2 13th October 2000 You can contact us at eyecatcherprods
36. e authors don t earn a fortune But the fees they do receive provide an incentive to keep producing and updating software that might otherwise be unavailable Shareware relies on your honesty to succeed iMalc Manual Registration 46 Registration Pricing The following software licenses are available Single user licenses of copies Price 1 9 US 15 10 per copy 10 19 US 12 per copy 20 US 10 per copy Site license US 300 roughly equal to 30 users A Site License covers all locations for your organization within a 160 kilometre radius of your site 100 miles The big advantage of a Site License is that you do not need to keep track of how many people at your site are using the software World Wide License US 1 000 roughly equal to 100 users A World Wide license covers all locations for your organization on the planet earth Other planets and satellites such as the moon require a separate World Wide License For licensing purposes anything in orbit around a planet is considered part of the planet However if you intend using iMalc in orbit you should contact Eyecatcher as the author will need to be on the mission to check that the software is functioning correctly in weightless conditions No kidding If you are an impoverished student school college university or other academic institution then the following rates apply Academic Single user licenses No of copies Price 1 9 US 10 per copy
37. ed States and other countries Pictures of Apple computers are Apple Computer Inc PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Inc REALbasic is a trademark of Real Software Inc Adobe the Adobe logo Photoshop Acrobat the Acrobat logo and Distiller are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated QuarkXPress is a trademark of Quark Inc Microsoft Word Windows 95 and Trebuchet MS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Inc Zapf Dingbats is a trademark of International Type Corporation Even though Eyecatcher productions has reviewed this manual EYECATCHER PRODUCTIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL THE DATA OR THE SOFTWARE iMalc ITS QUALITY ACCURACY MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS A RESULT THIS MANUAL AND SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS SHAREWARE AS 15 AND YOU THE PURCHASER ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY IN NO EVENT WILL EYECATCHER PRODUCTIONS BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL OR SOFTWARE even if advised of the possibility of such damages THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS ORAL OR WRITTEN EXPRESS OR IMPLIED No Eyecatcher Productions dealer agent or employee is authorized to make any modification extension or addition to this warrant
38. egative Addition and subtraction produce 0 only in these cases 0 0 yields 0 0 0 yields 0 When rounding downward with x finite x x yields 0 x x yields 0 The square root of 0 is 0 The sign of zero is important in complex arithmetic Kahan 1987 iMalc will convert any display of O or 0 to read O Ranges The following are the ranges for numbers and functions allowed 9 by iMalc 3 8 Range of numbers 9 Maximum positive 1 8 10 308 Minimum positive norm 2 2 10 308 Minimum positive denorm 4 9 10 324 Maximum negative denorm 4 9 10 324 Maximum negative norm 2 2 10 308 Minimum negative 1 8x10 308 40 Ranges of functions Operation Result e 0 1 e 0 1 e NaN NaN e 00 e 00 0 In X for NaN In 1 0 iMalc Manual Technical Considerations In 0 00 In 0 00 In NaN NaN In 00 00 In co NaN 0010 for x O NaN lOgio 1 0 109 0 0 00 log1o 0 00 log NaN NaN lOdip 109 0 00 NaN 5 7 0 sin 0 0 sin 0 0 sin NaN NaN sin 00 NaN 5 9 NaN 77 1 cos 0 1 5 0 1 cos NaN NaN COS NaN cos oo NaN tan TT 0 tan 7 2 ietan90 Note iMalc will return 1 633124e 16 tan 0 0 m tan 0 0 S tan NaN NaN tan 00 NaN 2 NaN 5 asin x for x gt 1 NaN asin 1 T 2 asin 1 77 2 0 0 41
39. etely secure Kagi have never had a case of credit card fraud Note Purchase Orders must include payment with the invoice e Next indicate the programs you want to register in the middle of the window Type the number of copies you want to register into the Single User box In most cases you should just type 1 Do not type the purchase price into this box since the Register iMalc application computes the fee for you The Site and World Wide check boxes are intended for companies or organisations that want a license to use the software on all their machines Double check this before you send in the form as you may be charged significantly more that you expect if you make a mistake e If you feel that the program is worth more than the registration fee you can add an optional bonus in the Bonus US box Once you have filled in all this required information the Register program displays the total amount at the bottom right of the window Double check the total e Choose one of the four buttons uoneJ3siSoy Print prints a hard copy of the registration form which you can mail or fax to Kagi with your payment to the address shown on the form If you have a fax modem you can also print the form to this via the menu and your normal method of faxing 49 Copy puts a copy of the registration form on your clipboard for you to paste into an e mail message to send to Kagi This method works only with credit cards and First
40. face After you have dismissed the Welcome screen you are presented with the main iMalc calculator window in the default flavour of Blueberry This is a normal style document window except that it doesn t have a resize box at the top right of the title bar or a grow handle at the bottom right meaning that you can t resize this window D2eJi 1u The close box at the upper left of the title bar will not only close the window but quit iMalc 9 The windowshade box on the top right of the title bar will reduce the window to just the title bar Clicking on the windowshade box again will expand the window back to normal size You can also use the standard keyboard shortcuts to close and quit the window iMalc application 96 0 iMalc Manual Interface 10 Interface There are other windows that you can call up at any time If you choose About iMalc from the Apple menu you are presented with the About Box screen Made with About iBookCalc iBookCalc The scientific calculator designed to compliment your iBook iBookCalc has trig log root and power functions percent and 17x and saveable memory iBookCalc is shareware Thank You for registering ge cyecalcher Version i282 Tony Spencer 1999 2000 The About Box gives you some very basic information about iMal
41. h thousands or millions of colours and using Charcoal as the system font iMalc is built using REALbasic from REAL Software Inc a stunning graphical object orientated Integrated Development Environment for Macintosh which also ports Macintosh applications to Windows Other compilers are planned The latest version of iMalc can be downloaded from http homepage mac com eyecatcherprods iMalc html The iMalc package should contain the application iMalc a Read Me file this iMalc manual the Register iMalc application and a Registering Read Me Made with iMalc Manual Quick Start Quick Start If you re in a hurry to start using iMalc and don t want to read the manual at this stage then here are some quick start instructions Calculator operation iMalc is easy to use and works similar to any other calculator that you might have used The logic employed is algebraic rather than Reverse Polish Notation RPN This means that to do a calculation such as 1502 17 you enter it as seen You would enter 15 followed by followed by 2 and then the equals If you are employing the sign change key then use it before the equals eg for 100 x 2 200 you would enter 100 followed by x then 2 then the before finally pressing the equals key Or you can use the before entering the number 100 then x then then 2 then 14615 YND When employing the 9o key you do not need to press equals just the operator eg 1
42. hould be supported but does not tell how these data formats should map to variable types in high level languages It also specifies that the user must be able to control rounding direction but falls short of defining how the user is able to do so 34 However the definition of a binding is in progress for the C programming language The Floating Point C Extensions FPCE branch of the Numerical C Extensions Group NCEG or ANSI X3J11 1 has proposed a general floating point specification for the C programming language called the FPCE technical report that contains additional specifications for implementations that comply with IEEE floating point standards 754 and 854 The FPCE technical report not only specifies how to implement the requirements of the IEEE standards but also requires some additional functions called transcendental functions sometimes called elementary functions These functions are consistent with the IEEE standard and can be used as building iMalc Manual Technical Considerations blocks in numerical functions The transcendental functions include the usual logarithmic and exponential functions as well as In 1 x and e 1 financial functions for compound interest and annuity calculations trigonometric functions error and gamma functions and a random number generator PowerPC Numerics Versus SANE Although PowerPC Numerics is an implementation of the IEEE Standard it is not the Standard Apple Numerics E
43. ht be an Infinity depending on the current rounding direction Technical Considerations These bit patterns as well as NaNs introduced next are recognized in subsequent operations and produce predictable results The Infinities one positive and one negative generally behave as suggested by the theory of limits For example m Adding 1 to yields Dividing 1 by 0 yields m Dividing 1 by yields 0 38 The computer determines that a floating point number is an Infinity if its exponent field is filled with 1 and its fraction field is filled with O s So for example in single format if the sign bit is 1 the exponent field is 255 which is the maximum biased exponent for the single format and the fraction field is 0 the floating point number represented is co iMalc Manual Technical Considerations NaNs When a numeric operation cannot produce a meaningful result the operation delivers a special bit pattern called a NaN Not a Number For example zero divided by zero added to o and 1 yield NaNs A NaN can occur in any of the numeric data formats single double and double double but generally system specific integer types non numeric types exclusively for integer values have no representation for NaNs A NaN may have an associated code that indicates its origin NaN Meaning 1 Invalid square root such as 1 2 Invalid addition such as 4 Invalid
44. html http www tspencer dircon co uk eyecatcher iMalc html Version History 44 If you are using Apple s iTools you can access the iMalc iDisk at http homepage mac com imalc or use the iDisk user name imalc iMalc Manual Registration Registration This section covers registration issues such as the shareware concept pricing how to register and methods of payment You must register and pay the shareware fee if you intend to continue using iMalc Shareware iMalc is shareware So what is shareware Firstly shareware is NOT free software You have to pay for it like everything else Shareware is a method of software distribution that allows software authors to share their endeavours with you in a cheap and easy way Shareware is effectively try before you buy This means that you can try the software free for a trial period before deciding whether you want to keep on using the software A period of 30 days is reasonable After 20 uses iMalc will start reminding you to register After the trial period if you decide to keep on using iMalc you must register and pay the shareware fee or you must delete iMalc and its associated files from your hard drive uoneJ3siSoy 45 Shareware also means you can share a program with a friend so long as you give them all of the files that accompany iMalc They of course like you have to pay a shareware fee if they continue to use the software Most sharewar
45. ine and Graphite respectively 86 8 for G3 86 9 for G4 98 0 for Wallstreet PowerBooks minus for Lombard PowerBooks for Blueberry iBook 38 for the tangerine flavour 98 for the graphite flavour and 36 2 for platinum iMalc will remember and display your chosen flavour the next time it starts up The About Box and Help windows change to reflect your choice of flavour as do the menu items Flavours 26 iMalc Manual Blueberry iMalc Bondi iMalc SE EEE EL Lime iMalc Grape iMalc iMalc Manual Flavours ELEELE ELELEE Tangerine iMalc Strawberry iMalc MacCalc el 3 i E i 2 mes Y LEE SINOAP 4 N Classic platinum MacCalc Graphite iMalc iMalc Manual Flavours G3Calc B ERBH BOE G3Calc PowerBookCalc H PowerBookCale PowerBookCalc iMalc Manual BronzeCalc SINOAR 4 bo Flavours IBookCalc iBookCalc iBaakCalc iBookCalc SIEIE g Tangerine iBookCalc Blueberry iBookCalc I oo 1 4 lt no Graphite iBookCalc iMalc Manual Technical Considerations There are various technical considerations that should be borne in mind when using a computer to perform mathematical calculations Most of the followi
46. iomac com eyecatcher web site Check the current version of iMalc and download it at our website The top button is the default and shows the version number email and website addresses for Eyecatcher You can double click on the email address to launch your email client and open a blank email mailto message or on the website URL to launch your browser and go to the Eyecatcher website The second button leads to a credits screen and the third button Interface Contact info and credits 12 Apple of course for making such insanely great computers again All computer pictures Apple Computer Inc Andrew Barry the onginator and the folks at RealS oftw are Inc for such an insanely great program Jane for making the PowerBook happen Matt Neuburg for writing REXEbasic The Definitive Guide iMalc Manual Interface lists the names of the beta testers who helped test and debug the first version of iMalc There are two other windows that you will see the Reminder window and the Registration window After a while you will start to see the Reminder window pop up at start up and when you quit It is a reminder to pay the Shareware fee Reminder You have used iMalc 50 times It is now time to register AS YOU can see have been using for quite a while now and if you wish to continue using this software You should register Registration is very easy and painless and
47. ister iMalc e Enter your name and your email address in the corresponding boxes these may already be filled in from System details but check them If you have no email address enter none e Optionally enter your postal address this is required if you do not have an email address Please remember that Kagi has no way of knowing which country you come from so please include this Note You must provide an email address or a postal address so Kagi can contact you with confirmation of your registration Please note that Kagi do not reply by fax If you do not have an e mail address you must check the Postcard Receipt box which automatically adds 1 to your charge at the bottom right of the window Otherwise you will not receive any reply to your registration although you will be registered After the initial postcard receipt Kagi only replies via email e Then fill in the payment details at the bottom left of the window Choose your method of payment from the pop up menu iMalc Manual Registration and complete the relevant information credit card number type of currency etc below Make checks payable to Kagi Checks must be in US Dollars only Checks in other currencies are not accepted solely because the bank processing costs involved make it impractical Please write the program name on the check as well as your email address if you have one Note Your credit card data is scrambled Although this is not compl
48. n indicates a far more serious warning and relates to information that is likely to be critical or lead to potential loss of data or accuracy Assumptions This manual assumes you are already familiar with the basic Macintosh operations and actions such as double clicking and click dragging and metaphors such as the desktop Refer to your computer s manual or help system if you are unsure about basic Macintosh operation iMalc Manual Contents vi 18 26 31 43 45 53 54 58 62 iMalc Manual System requirements conventions assumptions List of illustrations Introduction features Quick Start for those in a hurry Interface icons windows menus Calculator Operation layout the keys the functions operation display keyboard commands preferences file Flavours choosing your favourite the flavours Technical Considerations how computers handle maths ranges error codes Version History the future where to get the latest version Registration shareware pricing registering payment About Eyecatcher Productions contacting eyecatcher technical support Legal information copyright trademarks software license Other information bibliography credits useful contacts Index List of illustrations 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 27 28 28 29 30 iMalc Manual iMalc icons Welcome screen Calculator window About Box window Help
49. ng has been gleaned from Apple s Inside Macintosh series of books available via Apple s web site or in print form from Addison Wesley Apple Macintosh computers that use the PowerPC chip 601 603 603e 604 604e and 750 G3 microprocessors use PowerPC Numerics as a floating point environment for mathematical computation Earlier Apple computers that use a 68k chip 68000 68020 68030 68040 and LC68040 microprocessors use the earlier SANE Standard Apple Numerics Environment for mathematical computation There are differences between the two numerics systems Any computer will also have certain numerical limitations when it comes to mathematical computation which is a result of the way computers use binary to represent and handle numbers and computations Je iuu2a 31 How computers handle maths PowerPC Numerics is a floating point environment that complies with IEEE Standard 754 There are two IEEE standards for floating point arithmetic IEEE Standard 754 for binary floating point arithmetic and IEEE Standard 854 for radix independent floating point arithmetic The IEEE standards ensure that computers represent real numbers as accurately as possible and that computers perform arithmetic on real numbers as accurately as possible Although there are infinitely many real numbers a computer can represent only a finite number of them Computers represent real numbers iMalc Manual Technical
50. nvironment SANE SANE is the numerics environment used on 680x0 based Macintosh computers and it is the numerics environment used when you run a 680x0 application on a PowerPC processor based Macintosh computer PowerPC Numerics is the environment used when you run an application built for a PowerPC processor based Macintosh computer There are fundamental differences between PowerPC Numerics and SANE because of the differences in the microprocessors on which the two environments are used The major difference is that SANE supports an 80 bit extended type and performs all floating point computations in extended precision This protects the user from roundoff error overflows and underflows that might occur in an intermediate value when determining the result of an expression Because the PowerPC processor is double based support of an 80 bit data type would be inefficient It instead supports a 128 bit type in software called double double which corresponds to the ong double type in C Je iuu2a PowerPC Numerics provides this wide type only for cases where precision greater than that provided by the double format is necessary PowerPC Numerics does not perform all computations in double double precision Instead PowerPC Numerics recommends a method by which an expression is evaluated in the widest precision necessary 35 Another fundamental difference is that PowerPC Numerics conforms to the F
51. on blue email and website URLs will launch the relevant software and in the case of URLs will take you to that website Published in London England Eyecatcher Productions http homepage mac com eyecatcherprods 15th October 2000 eyecatcher iMalc incorporating G3Calc G4Calc PowerBookCalc BronzeCalc iboobCalc and MacCalc Made with REALbasic iMalc version 1 1 2 Tony Spencer Eyecatcher Productions 1999 2000 http homepage mac com eyecatcherprods REALbasic 2 1 2 is REAL Software Inc 1997 2000 http www realsoftware com System requirements iMalc runs under Mac OS 7 1 and later It may work on earlier system versions iMalc has been tested on a PowerBook G3 and iMac running Mac OS 8 5 1 a G3 iMac and 4400 running 8 6 a 7100 80 running 7 5 3 and a Colour Classic running 7 1 It requires approximately 5Mb of RAM with virtual memory turned off or 4 5Mb of RAM with virtual memory turned on and 3 5Mb of hard drive space You can get by with 3Mb of RAM but if you cycle through all the flavours you will need 5Mb of RAM iMalc displays best with thousands or millions of colours and using Charcoal as the system font Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this manual to draw your attention to certain details A Warnine This is used where there is a slight warning required more for informational purposes than likely to be a serious problem This warning triangle ico
52. ot of X is Y and clear is X or Escape You obtain the inverse functions in the same way as the buttons by holding down the option key and selecting the appropriate key eg Option S is arcsine The calculator keys will depress when the keyboard is used Changing the appearance Changing iMalc s appearance is easy Simply choose your flavour from the Flavour menu Or use the shortcut keys The flavours of iMalc available are original Bondi Blue Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tangerine and Graphite Special Edition In addition you can also choose G3Calc G4Calc two flavours of PowerBook including the Bronze keyboard Lombard G3s Blueberry Tangerine and Graphite flavours of iBook and if you have an older Mac standard platinum MacCalc 14615 YND The keyboard shortcuts 36 1 for Bondi 88 2 to 36 7 for Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tangerine and Graphite respectively 86 8 for 36 9 for G4 88 0 for Wallstreet PowerBooks minus for Lombard PowerBooks for Blueberry iBook 38 for the tangerine flavour 3 for the graphite flavour and 38 2 for platinum 5 iMalc will remember and display your chosen flavour the next time it starts up Error codes You may occasionally see some error codes You will get the warning imaginary if you try to take the square root of a negative number You will also see NAN often followed by a number in brackets or INF iMalc Manual Quick Start 6 Q
53. ows When you double click on iMalc for the first time to start up the application the first window you see is a Welcome screen Welcome the colourful world of iMalc the only calculator to colour coordinate with your is Shareware which means vau may use itfor atrial period 30 days after which you must register or delete iklalc from your hard drive Registration costs only 115515 a small price to pay for that fruity feeling Click on the register button for further info Try iMalc vex euecalcher IMalce Tony Spencer 1999 2000 Register Now Register Later 9 Qe il 4 lt This screen offers you a choice of three buttons to press Register Now Register Later and Try iMalc If you wish to register straight away press the Register Now button That option will take you on to the Register screen If you wish to register later press that button and if you want to try iMalc for a trial period before deciding whether to register and pay the shareware fee press the Let Me Try iMalc button Pressing either button will dismiss the Welcome screen This screen only appears the very first time that you start up iMalc You must press one of the buttons to exit the screen Clicking on the welcome screen or pressing return will not dismiss the screen iMalc Manual Inter
54. p www theimac com TidBits Mac news http www tidbits com Version Tracker http www versiontracker com Woz s MacLinks http www woz org maclinks index html Yahoo Mathematics http dir yahoo com Science Mathematics iMalc Manual X 9 Index 3 19 22 3 21 22 T 4 19 21 22 21 22 LOC 22 128 bit 36 1 x 4 19 21 22 32 bit 36 64 bit 36 68k chip 31 A About Box 10 26 Academic license 46 acos 22 algebraic 21 Alt 19 ANSI 34 anti logarithm 20 22 arccosine 19 22 Arccosine x 20 arcsine 19 22 Arcsine x key 20 arctangent 19 Arctangent x 20 asin 22 atan 22 author 53 B backspace 3 22 base 10 22 bias 37 Bibliography 58 binary 31 bits 36 Blueberry iBookCalc 30 Blueberry iMalc 27 Bondi iMalc 27 BronzeCalc 29 iMalc Manual C C key 3 19 22 Calculator operation 3 18 21 Apple menu 15 File menu 15 calculator window 19 CE 4 22 CE key 19 Changing the appearance 5 check 50 cheque 50 Classic platinum MacCalc 28 clear 19 Clear key 18 20 clear last entry 19 Clear last entry key 20 clear memory 19 21 clear the calculator 22 clearing the memory 22 close box 9 CM 4 22 CM key 19 collapse box 9 college 46 Contacting Eyecatcher 53 Contacts and Credits window 12 copy 4 23 Copyright 54 cos 22 cosine 19 22 Cosine x 20 credit card 49 Credits 59 cut 4 23 D Decimal point key 20 degree 23 degrees 22 42 delete key 3 22
55. r http www applefritter com Apple History http www apple history com AppleLinks http www applelinks com Apple Watches http www applewatch co uk Complete Conflict Compendium E http www mac conflicts com Daily iMac http www dailyimac com 5 everythingmac com http www everythingmac com 5 Eyecatcher http www tspencer dircon co uk eyecatcher eyecatcher kagi com Favourite Mathematical Constants http www mathsoft com asolve constant constant html Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST http physics nist gov cuu Constants index html codata86 html Go2Mac http www go2mac com History of Mathematics http www groups dcs st and ac uk history 60 iMac2day http www imac2day com iMacWorld http www imacworld com Insanely Great http www insanely great com insanely iMac http members xoom com insanelyiMac Kagi http www kagi com London Macintosh User Group http www lmug org uk Low End Mac http lowendmac com Mac4Sale com http www mac4sale com MacAddict http www macaddict com MacDirectory http www macdirectory com iMalc Manual Other Information Mac Driver Museum http members xoom com macdrivers MacEvangeList http www MacEvangeList com MacFever http www macfever com MacFormat http www macformat co uk MacGeeks com http www macgeeks com MacHyperArchive http hyperarchive lcs mit edu HyperArchive html Macinsites http macinsites com Macinstein Mac search engine
56. receive an email acknowledgement when it is processed Payments sent via fax take up to 10 days and if you provide a correct internet email address you will receive an email acknowledgement Payment by cash or US check money order If you are paying with cash or US check money order you should print the data using the Register iMalc application and send it to the address shown on the form You can pay with a wide variety of cash from different countries but at present if you pay via check it must be a check drawn in US Dollars Kagi cannot accept checks in other currencies the conversion rate for non US checks is around US 15 per check and that is just not practical If you have a purchasing department you can enter all the data into the Register program and then select Invoice as your payment method Print three copies of the form and send it to your accounts payable people You might want to highlight the line that mentions that they must include a copy of the form with iMalc Manual Registration their payment Kagi cannot invoice your company you need to act on our behalf and generate the invoice and handle all the paperwork on your end Please do not fax or email payment forms that indicate cash check or invoice as the payment method As far as we know there is still no technology to transfer physical objects via fax or email and without the payment the form cannot be processed Kagi s address is 1442 A Waln
57. rse value The reason for IEEE arithmetic s good behaviour with respect to inverse operations is that it rounds so carefully Even with all operations in say single precision it evaluates the expression 3x1 3 to 1 0 exactly some computers that do not follow the standard do not evaluate this expression exactly iMalc Manual Technical Considerations Exception Handling The IEEE standard defines five exceptions that indicate when an exceptional event has occurred They are invalid operation m underflow overflow E division by zero inexact result There are three ways an application can deal with exceptions E Continue operation m Stop on exceptions if the programmer thinks they will invalidate results E Include code to do something special when exceptions happen The IEEE standard lets programs deal with the exceptions in reasonable ways It defines the special values NaN Not a Number and Infinity which allow a program to continue operation The IEEE standard also defines exception flags which a program can test to detect exceptional events About the FPCE Technical Report Even though many computers now conform to the IEEE standard the standard has suffered from a lack of high level portability The reason is that the standard does not define bindings to high level languages it only defines a programming environment Technical Considerations For instance the standard defines data formats that s
58. ry are accessible via the keyboard too Log base 10 is L natural logs is N percent is P is M sin is S cosine is C tangent is T square root is R g root of X is Y and clear is X or Escape You obtain the inverse functions in the same way as the buttons by holding down the option key and selecting the appropriate key eg Option S is arcsine The calculator keys will appear to be depressed when the keyboard is used to give a visual clue as to which keys have been pressed The Preferences File iMalc uses a preferences file to store certain values including the current flavour the window position and the contents of the memory If you trash the Malc Preferences file which is located in the Preferences Folder of the System Folder these values will be reset to their default values uoneJedo 403e n 5 e5 25 iMalc Manual Flavours Flavours Changing iMalc s appearance is easy Simply choose your flavour from the Flavour menu Or use the shortcut keys The flavours of iMalc available are original Bondi Blue Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tangerine and Graphite Special Edition In addition you can also choose G3Calc G4Calc two flavours of PowerBook including the Bronze keyboard Lombard G3s Blueberry Tangerine and Graphite flavours of iBook and if you have an older Mac standard platinum MacCalc The keyboard shortcuts are 36 1 for Bondi 88 2 to 36 7 for Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tanger
59. sserted his right under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 of England and Wales to be identified as the author of this work No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means mechanical electronic photocopying recording or otherwise without prior written permission of Eyecatcher Productions except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided electronically Legal Information 54 Trademarks Apple the Apple logo Mac Mac OS iMac PowerMac iBook PowerBook G3 G4 and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc registered in the United States and other countries PowerPC is a trademark of International Business iMalc Manual Legal Information Machines Corporation REALbasic is a trademark of Real Software Inc Adobe the Adobe logo Acrobat Distiller and the Acrobat logo are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated QuarkXPress is a trademark of Quark Inc Microsoft Word Windows 95 and Trebuchet MS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Inc Zapf Dingbats is a trademark of International Type Corporation All other product names are trademarks of their respective holders Mention of non Eyecatcher products is for information purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation Software License Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in the iMalc software this Read Me file and the m
60. t not equal to each other If the difference between X and y is smaller than the smallest normalized number the computer must deliver O as the result Thus for such flush to zero systems the following statement is not true for all real numbers X y 0 if and only if x y iMalc Manual Technical Considerations Denormalized Numbers Instead of using only normalized numbers and allowing this small gap around O PowerPC processor based Macintosh computers use denormalized numbers in which the leading implicit bit bo of the significand is 0 and the minimum exponent is used The use of denormalized numbers makes the following statement true for all real numbers X y 0 if and only if x y Another advantage of denormalized numbers is that error analysis involving small values is much easier without the gap around zero Demmel 1984 The computer determines that a floating point number is denormalized and therefore that its implicit leading bit is interpreted as 0 when the biased exponent field is filled with O s and the fraction field is nonzero Infinities An Infinity is a special bit pattern that can arise in one of two ways m When an operation such as 1 0 should produce mathematical infinity the result is an Infinity When an operation attempts to produce a number with a magnitude too great for the number s intended floating point data type the result might be a value with the largest possible magnitude or it mig
61. ter match Lombard keyboards Fixed bug with display showing Not numerical with 0 Moved buttons slightly and made small changes on reminder screen Fixed bug where Help and Contact windows could draw partly offscreen These now open centred on the screen Changed 104 calculation to eliminate need of PPC only plug in Minor code changes to menu items for future Windows version Numbers pressed no longer add to end of memory recall Added names of beta testers in Credits window 68k and fat binary Macintosh versions now available Minor documentation changes 1 1 0 Second release 1st September 2000 e Graphite iMac DV SE flavour added e Graphite iBook flavour added iMalc now also accepts and displays commas as decimal separators according to the settings in the Numbers control panel email and web site addresses in windows now draggable Added web site and email clippings to documentation Added option to register online in registration box New improved iBook G3 and G4 flavours Better match for graphite colour Previously the graphite colour was taken from the Apple website web colour being inaccurate email and web links now turn red when the mouse is down e Keyboard shortcuts changed to accommodate new flavours e Documentation changes Registering information now in separate Read Me e 0 00 display bug fixed Multiple zeroes following a decimal separator would not show properly e Auto text resize display
62. the About iMalc menu item in the Apple menu and the iMalc Help items will change their name to reflect your flavour choice For example if you choose G3 the items will change to About G3Calc and G3Calc Help respectively The final menu is the Help menu amp File Edit Flavour VAN About Balloon Help Show Balloons Help Contact info amp credits The first two items are Apple standards About Balloon Help which calls up the system info on Balloon Help and Show Balloons which turns on Balloon Help This item is a toggle If Balloon Help is on then the item changes to Hide Balloons Balloon Help is a system wide Apple learning aid to give you help on items on the screen iMalc fully supports Balloon Help If balloons are turned on you can get brief help on buttons keys windows and menus which will give you a quick introduction to the iMalc interface The iMalc Help item will call up iMalc s online help namely the iMalc Help window 992419 U The Contact info amp Credits item will display the Contacts and Credits window 1 Apple Guide and the newer Apple Help HTML based system are not currently supported iMalc Manual Calculator Operation iMalc is easy to use and looks like and works similar to any other calculator that you might have used You can click on the buttons or use the keyboard to operate iMalc The layout of the iMalc calculator is as follows Title bar Windowshade
63. the same time except on a portable as a second computer You may not rent or lease the Software nor may you modify adapt translate reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the Software If you violate any part of this agreement your right to use this Software terminates automatically and you must then destroy all copies of the Software in your possession Permission is granted for electronic non commercial distribution of unmodified copies of the Software so long as this Read Me file the iMalc Manual and the Register iMalc program is included This includes CD ROMS on magazine covers and those supplied by User Groups posting on the internet and electronic bulletin boards For permission about including this Software on commercial compilation disks CD ROMs or bundle options please contact Eyecatcher Productions You acknowledge that the Software may not satisfy your requirements or be free from defects EYECATCHER PRODUCTIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THIS READ ME FILE THE MANUAL THE DATA OR THE SOFTWARE ITS QUALITY ACCURACY MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS A RESULT THIS READ ME MANUAL AND SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS SHAREWARE AS IS AND YOU THE PURCHASER ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY Legal Information IN NO EVENT WILL EYECATCHER PRODUCTIONS BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUE
64. tion key Clear key Clear last entry key Option key iMalc Manual Calculator Operation Square root X key X x squared key Option key Percent 96 key T pi key Option key Plus Minus key inverse of key Option key Memory recall key Clear memory key Option key Memory plus key Memory minus key Option key Operation The logic employed by iMalc is algebraic rather than Reverse Polish Notation RPN This means that to do a calculation such as 15 2 17 you enter it as seen or as you would when writing an algebraic equation You would enter 15 followed by followed by 2 and then the equals uoneJedo 403e n 5 e5 21 To get 18x3 54 you would therefore Press 1 Press 8 Press x Press 3 Press and the result 54 will be displayed If you are employing the sign change key then use it before the equals key eg for 100 x 2 200 you would Enter 100 Press x Press 2 Press Press iMalc Manual Calculator Operation Or you can use the before entering the number Press 1 Press 0 Press O Press x Press Press 2 Press When employing the 9o key you do not need to press equals key just the operator key eg 100 20 will give 120 200 x 20 will give 40 The C key will totally clear the calculator The running total is always remembered until the C key is pressed eg if you enter 15 2 17 then press 12 the answer will be 29 You
65. uick Start INF means infinity and can be obtained through erroneous operators such as division by zero NANs are Not A Number and are other error codes generally for numbers which are out of range such as trying to take the arcsine of 100 The numbers in brackets sometimes following NANs are specific error codes and are listed later in this manual Preferences file iMalc uses a preferences file to store certain values including the current flavour the window position and the contents of the memory If you trash the iMalc Preferences file which is located in the Preferences Folder of the System Folder these values will be reset to their default values iMalc Manual Interface In common with most Macintosh applications iMalc has a familiar interface that consists of icons windows and menus and conforms to the Apple Human Interface Guidelines Although the main calculator has one window there are other windows such as the About Box and Registration window that can be called up The menu layout is also fairly simple with just one additional menu Flavour added to the standard Apple File Edit and Help menus Icons 5 cr D ty Q D iMalc uses the following icons on the desktop N 2 qut Ep m FEES Bee ue FE Ex E 16 bit icon 256 colour icon black and white icon mm Bw E RA small 16 bit icon small 256 colour icon small black and white icon iMalc Manual Interface Wind
66. urs change to your favourite flavour Choose between Bondi Blue Blueberry Grape Lime Strawberry Tangerine or Graphite Special Edition iBook owners can choose between Blueberry Tangerine and Graphite PowerBook owners have the choice of the original Charcoal or the new Bronze keyboard Lombard while G3 and G4 owners are catered for as well as those with an original Platinum Mac iMalc Manual Introduction lt Introduction iMalc remembers the value stored in memory the flavour and window position on quitting Versions of iMalc are available for Macintosh PowerPC 68k and fat binary runs on both PPC and 68k A Windows version will be available soon for those who love Macs but have to use Wintel boxes and wish to make a statement iMalc is shareware and costs just 10 US 15 This means that you may try it for 30 days and must then either register the program and pay for iMalc or delete it from your hard drive iMalc runs under Mac OS 7 1 and later It may work on earlier system versions iMalc has been tested on a PowerBook G3 and iMac running Mac OS 8 5 1 a G3 iMac and 4400 running 8 6 a 7100 80 running 7 5 3 and a Colour Classic running 7 1 It requires approximately 5Mb of RAM with virtual memory turned off or 4 5Mb of RAM with virtual memory turned on and 3 5Mb of hard drive space You can get by with 3Mb of RAM but if you cycle through all the flavours you will need 5Mb of RAM iMalc displays best wit
67. ut Street 392 UZE Berkeley CA 94709 1405 USA Payments send via postal mail take time to reach Kagi and then up to 10 days for processing Again if you include a correct email address you will hear from Kagi when the form is processed After you have registered After you register Kagi automatically sends you an e mail reply titled Thanks for your registration You should print and save this message as your receipt If you checked the Postcard Receipt box in the Register program Kagi will send you a postcard with this information Again if you do not have an e mail address you must request a Postcard Receipt since otherwise you will not receive any reply It can take Kagi up to a week to process a registration from the date they receive it please make sure to factor in the delivery time if you use postal mail If you do not receive the Thanks for your registration e mail message contact Kagi at lt support kagi com gt or the postal address given on the registration form to ask about the status of your registration See Kagi need this data below Keep in mind that some registrations can get lost in the mail on the way to Kagi Please make sure to seal the envelope and write your email address on the check Also sometimes the e mail reply gets lost as well If you do not receive an email confirmation of your payment contact Kagi with the Kagi need this data from below and ask what happened Kagi need this data An
68. windowshade box 9 World Wide License 46 Index X x to the power y key 19 x42 21 22 X y 4 23 Y yth root of x 4 19 20 23 Z zeroes 37 39 zoom box 19 5 ao D X iMalc Manual
69. y Some US states and other countries do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state and country to country In general the laws of England and Wales will apply to any disputes A WARNING Eyecatcher Productions make no claims as to the reliability or accuracy of any of the data conversion factors constants or equations supplied with iMalc The data has been assembled from a variety of sources and has often differed between sources Definitions of standards are always open to differing interpretations and international agreements as well as to conformation by countries to those agreements and by local practice In addition the data has been reformatted and there is always the possibility of formatting and typographical errors ABOUT THIS MANUAL This manual was typeset on a Macintosh PowerBook G3 Series laptop computer It was laid out using QuarkXPress Image and graphic manipulation was carried out using Adobe Photoshop GraphicConverter and ResEdit Fonts used are Trebuchet Verdana Zapf Dingbats It was converted into Adobe Acrobat PDF format using Adobe Acrobat Distiller In the Contents Index and List of illustrations you can click a topic to jump to that location Clicking
70. ything that you can provide Kagi with would be helpful such as when and how you sent your payment and any previous email iMalc Manual uoneJ3siSoy 51 Registration 52 Registration messages sent Please tell Kagi exactly what you want them to do send to you Payment method Card Check and check cash invoice or First Virtual Register to Registrant s name Time Invoice if original had this number Email email address Address If used Card name card holder s name Credit card first 10 digits Program program name amp cost Direct your registration queries to the following Note that Kagi only deals with registrations of software and not technical Support Kagl 1442 A Walnut Street 392 UZE Berkeley CA 94709 1405 USA registration sales kagi com send your registration and registration related questions here support Support kagi com use this address only after you have registered internet http www kagi com read here for more information FAQ via email FAQ kagi com send a message and receive the current FAQ as a reply Fax 1 510 652 6589 Technical Support If you have any technical support questions problems or comments about iMalc please direct them to the author at eyecatcherprods mac com Or visit our FAQ at http homepage mac com eyecatcherprods techsupport html iMalc Manual About Eyecatcher Productions About Eyecatcher iMalc is the first software available

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