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Black Box LGB2118A network switch

1. Trap Configuration System Event Y cold Start lM warm Start PortEvent Y Link Down V Link Up Other Event 7 Authentication Failure Apply Figure 5 16 SNMP Configuration Parameters description SNMP enable The term SNMP enable here is used for the activation or deactivation of SNMP The default is Disable Get Set Trap Community Community name is used as password for authenticating if the requesting network management unit belongs to the same community group If they both don t have the same community name they don t belong to the same group So the requesting network management unit cannot access the device with a different community name via SNMP protocol if they both have the same community name they can talk each other Community name is user definable with a maximum length of 15 characters and is case sensitive with no blanks in the community name string Any printable character is allowed The community name for each function works independently For example the community name for Read only works for the Read function and can t be applied to other function such as Write and Trap Default SNMP function Disable Default community name for Get Public Default community name for Set Private Default community name for Trap Public System Event The System Event trap enable here is used for the cold boot or warm boot of System Event The default is Disable TP and Fiber Port Event The TP
2. In addition to the auto logout function we just mentioned in the system configuration section the switch also allows administrators to logout manually using the Logout function Function name Logout Function description The switch allows you to logout from the system to prevent other users from accessing the system without permission If you do not logout and exit the browser the switch will automatically log you out Besides this manual logout and implicit logout you can set up the Auto Logout Timer parameter in the system configuration function to turn ON OFF the logout function Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Logo es i Transfer Figure 5 32 Manual logout Parameter description Auto Manual Logout If there is no activity in the user interface set up in the time you allotted for the Auto Logout Timer the Switch will log you out automatically Or press the Logout button to exit the system manually 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 71 Chapter 6 Troubleshooting 6 Troubleshooting 6 1 Resolving a No Link Condition There are four possible causes for a no link LED status e The attached device is not powered on e The cable may not be the correct type or is faulty e The installed building premise cable is faulty The port may be faulty 6 2 Questions and Answers 1 Computer A can connect to Computer B but cannot connect to Computer C through the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless The net
3. Preamble SFD DA SA Length type Data Pad FCS Extension 64 bytes Figure 4 4 Gigabit Ethernet Frame Page 32 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management Table 4 5 Ethernet parameters for half duplex mode Parameter Value LAN 10BASE 100BASE 1000BASE 328 feet 100 m for UTP 328 feet 100 m for UTP Max collision domain DTE to DTE 328 feet 100 m 1351 7 feet 412 m for fiber 1043 3 feet 316 m for fiber Max collision domain with repeater 8202 1 feet 2500 m 672 6 feet 205 m 646 1 feet 200 m Slot time 512 bit times 512 bit times 512 bit times Interframe gap 9 6 us 0 96 us 0 096 us Attempt Limit 16 16 16 Backoff Limit 10 10 10 Jam size 32 bits 32 bits 32 bits Max frame size 1518 1518 1518 Min frame size 64 64 64 Burst limit Not applicable Not applicable 65536 bits Preamble SFD DA SA Typetength DataPAD FCS Extension 448 minFrameSize Sot irme M 484 FCS Coverage e F late collision threshold slotTime J 8 Du ration of Carrier Event J e Figure 4 5 Full duplex mode In full duplex operation mode both transmitting and receiving frames are processed sim
4. Y 9 All O Tagged Only 1 Pot21 Y 9 All O Tagged Only 1 gt Pot22 Vj 9 Al O Tagged Only Port 23 vj 9 All OTagged Only 1 Port 24 vi 9 All Tagged Only 1 Figure 5 9 Per port configuration Parameter description VID VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member In the modify function this is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box beside Port x to enable it Port Port number VLAN aware Enabled Discard other VLAN group packets and only forward this port to joined VLAN group packets Page 52 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Packet Type All Forward all tagged and untagged packets Tagged Only Forward tagged packets only and discard untagged packets PVID This PVID range will be 1 4094 Before you set a number x as PVID you have to create a Tag based VLAN with VID x For example if port x receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID assume as VID y of port x to tag this packet the packet then will be forwarded as the tagged packet with VID Function name Port Based VLAN Configuration Port based VLAN mode Function description shows the VLAN Groups information and allows administrators to maintain them by modifying and deleting each VLAN group Users also can add a new VLAN group by inp
5. 4 3 shows the format of the Service Access Point SAP DSAP SSAP lt address field address field LSB of address Least significant bit Least si nificant bit of ad m fields delivered to received from the MAC sublayer 1 G Individual DSAP l G 1 Group DSAP CR 4 Command C R 1 Response XODDDDDD DSAP address XOSSSSSS SSAP address X1DDDDDD Reserved for ISO definition X1SS5SSS Reserved for ISO definition Figure 4 3 SAP format For more information about SAP refer to the IEEE 802 2 standard 4 3 Media Access Control MAC 4 3 1 MAC Addressing A LAN is composed of many nodes To exchange data among these nodes each node must have its own unique address to identify who should send the data or should receive the data In the OSI model each layer provides its own way to identify the unique address in some form for example IP address in network layer The MAC belongs to Data Link Layer Layer 2 The address is a 48 bit long and locally unique address Since this type of address applies only to the Ethernet LAN media access control MAC it is referred to as a MAC address 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 29 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management The first three bytes are Organizational Unique Identifier OUI codes assigned by IEEE The last three bytes are the serial number assigned by the vendor of the network device All six bytes are stored in non volatile memory in the device Their format i
6. All High Priority Port Number When Custom is selected for Prioritize Traffic you may assign a specific Port Number for DSCP Configuration DSCP Configuration Can be 64 kinds of priority traffic as mentioned above The user can set up any Queue low normal medium high In default Priorities 0 63 map to Queue high 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 63 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management QoS Configuration QoS Mode DSCP v pe ee AI High Priority iw DSCP Configuration DSCP Value 0 63 Priority high 0v high v high v high vw high v high v high v All others high v Figure 5 21 DSCP Setting 5 3 Monitoring There are four functions contained in the monitoring function Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics IGMP Status Figure 5 22 Monitoring menu tree 5 3 1 Statistics Overview Function name Statistics Overview for all ports Function description The section describes the Port statistics information and provides an overview of general traffic statistics for all switch ports Page 64 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Statistics Overview for all ports Clear Port Tx Bytes Tx Frames Rx Bytes Rx Frames Tx Errors Rx Errors 12346567 95607 20702103 143249 e CONDAUSEWNe s coococccoocococococoocooooooocoo 00000000000000000000000 0000000
7. Switch Eco Fanless Mounting Accessory for 19 Rack Shelf e AC Power Cord To access this user manual PDF file go to ftp ftp blackbox com anonymous manuals L LGB2118A_rev1 pdf If anything is missing or damaged contact Black Box Technical Support at 724 746 5500 or info blackbox com You might also need e SFP Modules optional LFP401 LPF402 LFB403 or LFP404 described in Table 2 1 Page 10 724 746 5500 blackbox com 2 4 Hardware Description 2 4 1 18 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2118A Figures 2 1 ad 2 2 show the front and back panels of the switch Table 2 2 describes its components Table 2 3 describes the LEDs in detail Number 1 2 Figure 2 1 LGB2118A front panel This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules r cc X MADE IN TAIWAN AC Line 100 240V 50 60Hz any 10 Figure 2 2 LGB2118A back panel Table 2 2 LGB2118A components Component 1 Mode button 16 TP port status LEDs 16 TP port speed LEDs 2 SFP port status LEDs Link Act LED System LED Speed LED 16 10 100 1000BASE T RJ 45 ports 2 100 1G SFP ports 1 AC power socket on back of unit 1 Power LED on left side of unit Not shown in Figure 2 1 or 2 2 Description Switches between what is being displayed by LEDs For details see Table 2 3 For details see Table 2 3 For
8. TP ports and 4 Gigabit dual media TP SFP transceiver slots Both switches support http and SNMP interfaces for switch management The network administrator can logon to the switch to monitor configure and control each port s activity In addition the switch implements Quality of Service QoS VLAN and Trunking Increase power saving support or reduce power consumption with power management The LGB2118A switch s Ports 17 18 support SFP fiber modules with LC connectors The LGB2124A switch s Ports 21 22 23 and 24 include two types of media TP and SFP Fiber with LC connectors The four combo ports on the LGB2124A support 10 100 1000 Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detection A 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion Table 2 1 1000 Mbps SFP fiber transceivers Product Code Speed Connector Distance Mode Component LFP402 1000 Mbps LC 2 km Multimode 1300 nm SFP fiber transceiver LFP401 1000 Mbps LC 20 km Single mode 800 nm SFP fiber transceiver LFP403 1000 Mbps LC 40 km Single mode SFP fiber transceiver LFP404 1000 Mbps LC 50 km Single mode SFP fiber transceiver 10 100 1000 Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications The 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802 3z and 1000BASE SX LX standards 2 2 Features The 18 or 24 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless a s
9. VID of the packet is null VID VID 0 or this packet is an untagged packet a If there are still some other ways for example protocol MAC address application IP subnet etc to classify the incoming packets besides port based classification use the value of VID offered by other classifications for a VLAN s classification b If there is only port based classification implemented other classification approaches cannot offer non zero VID for the incoming packets and then assign the PVID to the incoming packets as VID for the classification of the VLAN group 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 41 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management 2 If the VID is not a null VID VID is not equal to 0 then use the value to classify the VLAN group Egress Rule An egress list is used to make the tagging and forwarding decision on an outgoing port It specifies the VLANs whose packets can be transmitted out and specifies if the packet should be tagged or not It can be configured for the port s VLAN membership and tagged or untagged for a transmitted packet When a packet is transmitted out the VLAN bridge checks the port s egress list If the VLAN of the packet is on the egress list of the port that the packet transmits out on the packet will be transmitted with the priority accordingly If enabled an egress port will transmit out a tagged packet if the port is connected to a 802 1Q compliant device If an egress port is connected to a non 802 1Q d
10. and Fiber Port Event trap enabled here is used for the link up or link down of a System Event The default is Disable Other Event Authentication fails Page 58 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 2 10 Loop Detection Function name Loop Detection Configuration Function description The loop detection is used to detect the presence of traffic When a packet s looping detection frame is received by the switch and has a MAC address the same as its own from a port loop detection occurs The port will be locked when it receives the looping detection frames To resume the locked port delete the looping path then select Unlock port and dick on Apply to turn on the locked ports Loop Detection Configuration Mode onec Unlock Time E Port State Pernoon Unlock port Forwarding E Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding E Forwarding Forwarding w Forwarding 10 Forwarding E 11 Forwarding 12 Forwarding 13 Forwarding 14 Forwarding Ir 15 Forwarding E di 16 Forwarding 17 Forwarding La 18 Forwarding 19 Forwarding 20 Forwarding E 21 Forwarding A 22 Forwarding w 23 Forwarding 24 Forwarding COON DU PWN mn 6 0 0 lE r3 Figure 5 17 Loop Detection Configuration Parameter description Mode Controls whether Loop Detection is enabled as a whole Unlo
11. application is used in carrier or ISP see Figure 3 14 Peer to peer application is used in two remote offices see Figure 3 15 Office network see Figure 3 16 Page 24 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2124A Gigabit Smart Switch Rack based media Copper cables Eco Fanless converter system lt RJ 45 LGB2124A Si E t Copper cables RJ 45 nnna SFP Gigabit Smart Switch qunm Eco Fanless Fiber cables a i LGB2124A Copper cables RJ 45 Copper cable Meda RI 45 WA Converter WW 2 Fiber cable Copper cable Media RJ 45 a L Converter gt Fiber cable E l Fi Gigabit Smart Switch par cabig Eco Fanless g eee FP LGB2124A a Copper cables NX XY M T GS MG NG NG Figure 3 14 Network connection between remote site and central site 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 25 Chapter 3 Installation network devices and hosts Copper cables RJ 45 gt Fig 3 14 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram This diagram demonstrates how the switch connects with other Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2124A Copper cables RJ 45 A me n Financial MIS Figure 3 15 Peer to peer network connection R amp D Sales BRUA Bre WM iz NE E JEMEN OC NE WE C
12. enabled when a packet is received the VLAN bridge will first check if the VID of the packet presents 1 If the packet has a non zero VID the VLAN bridge will apply this VID as the VLAN ID of the packet in the network 2 For a packet with null tag or no VLAN tag the VLAN bridge provides rules to decide its VID then applies this VID to the packet If a VLAN bridge does not support any rule for VID then it applies the PVID of the port to the packet that came from that port A LAN bridge checks to see if the ingress port and the received packet are on the same VLAN If not it drops the packet If yes it forwards the packet to the associated ports Meanwhile this VLAN must be applied to the egress port or the packet will be dropped If ingress filtering is disabled a VLAN bridge will only check the MAC address table to see if the destination VLAN exists If the VLAN does not exist then the packet is dropped and if both DA and VLAN do not exist the packet is forwarded If it just knows a VLAN existed it then floods the packet to all the ports the VLAN covers If you plan to deploy four VLANs in an office and use a switch to partition them check which ports belong to which VLAN first Table 4 7 Ports assigned to each VLAN Name VID Port Members Marketing 2 1 2 3 4 5 Service 3 6 7 20 21 22 Sales 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Administration 1 17 18 19 23 24 Page 42 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Co
13. function Optional SFP modules support LC transceivers Priority Queueing 802 1p Class of Service with 2 level priority queueing Programmable Maximum Ethernet Frame Length 1518 to 9600 bytes jumbo frames Self Learning and Address Recognition Mechanism Enables forwarding rate at wire speed Sniffer Function Supported Standards Compliance IEEE 802 3 802 3ab 802 32 802 3u 802 3x IEEE 802 1ad QinQ LGB2118A also has 802 3ad LACP Store and Forward Non blocking store and forward shared memory Web Smart switched Transmission Mode 10 100 Mbps support full or half duplex 1000 Mbps support full duplex only Transmission Speed 10 100 1000 Mbps for TP 100 1000 Mbps for Fiber Trunking LGB2118A Only Supports port trunking with flexible load distribution and failover function 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 7 Chapter 1 Specifications VLAN Supports Port based VLAN and Tag based IEEE 802 1Q VLAN Connectors LGB2118A 16 10 100 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet TP switching ports 2 Gigabit SFP fiber module ports LGB2124A 20 10 100 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet TP switching ports 4 Gigabit TP SFP fiber dual media ports with auto detection function Indicators LGB2118A 33 LEDs 1 System Power 16 LINK ACT and 16 SPD LEDs for 10 100 1000 M TP Ports 1 to 16 2 LINK ACT and 2 SPD LEDs for 1000 M SFP fiber Ports 19 to 20 LGB21244A 49 LEDs 1 System Power 24 LINK ACT and
14. if you have a complete description including e the nature and duration of the problem when the problem occurs e the components involved in the problem any particular application that when used appears to create the problem or make it worse 4 4 Shipping and Packaging If you need to transport or ship your Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless e Package it carefully We recommend that you use the original container e If you are returning the unit make sure you include everything you received with it Before you ship for return or repair contact Black Box to get a Return Authorization RA number Page 72 724 746 5500 blackbox com Appendix MIB Specifications Appendix MIB Specifications A brief description of the MIB II Enterprise MIB brief appears next For technical support or the latest version of MIB download contact Black Box Technical Support at 724 746 5500 or info blackbox com PRIVATE GESM SW10 MIB DEFINITIONS BEGIN IMPORTS mib 2 DisplayString iflndex FROM RFC1213 M enterprises Counter TimeTicks Gauge IpAddress FROM RFC1155 SMI OBJECT TYPE FROM RFC 1212 TRAP TYPE FROM RFC 1215 privatetech OBJECT IDENTIFIER enterprises 5205 switch OBJECT IDENTIFIER privatetech 2 gesmsw24LProductld OBJECT IDENTIFIER switch 7 gesmsw24LProduces OBJECT IDENTIFIER gesmsw24LProductld 1 gesmsw24LlllegalLogin TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gesmsw24LProductld DESCRIPTION Send this trap when t
15. supported However the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless supports not only symmetric but also asymmetric flow control for the special application In Gigabit Ethernet both symmetric flow control and asymmetric flow control are supported Asymmetric flow control only allows transmitting a PAUSE frame in one way from one side the other side is not transmitted Instead the switch receives and discards the flow control information Symmetric flow control allows both two ports to transmit PAUSE frames to each other simultaneously 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 33 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management Inter frame Gap time After the end of a transmission if a network node is ready to transmit data out and if there is no carrier signal on the medium at that time the device will wait for a period of time known as an inter frame gap time to clear and stabilize the medium as well as to have the jobs ready such as adjusting buffer counter updating counter and so on in the receiver site Once the inter frame gap time expires after the de assertion of carrier sense the MAC transmits data In the IEEE 802 3 specification this is 96 bits time or more Collision Collision happens only in half duplex operation When two or more network nodes transmit frames at approximately the same time a collision always occurs and interferes with each other As a result the carrier signal is distorted and un discriminated The MAC can detect through the p
16. target IP address Status Show the result of the ping status Received replies Show the received replies number of times Request timeouts Show the timeout of request Average Response times In ms Show the average response time in milliseconds Page 68 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 4 Maintenance There are five functions contained in the maintenance function Maintenance Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuration File Transfer Figure 5 27 Maintenance menu tree 5 4 1 Warm Restart You can reboot the switch in three ways power up hardware reset and software reset Press the Reset button on the front panel of your switch to reset the device and to retrieve default settings After upgrading software you have to reboot the device to have the new configuration take effect This is a software reset Function name Warm Restart Function description Reboot the switch Reboot has the same effect as pressing the Reset button on the front panel of the Switch Press the Yes button to confirm the warm restart function and it will take around thirty 30 seconds to complete the System boot Warm Restart Are you sure you want to perform a Warm Restart MEL Figure 5 28 Warm Restart 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 69 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 4 2 Factory Default Function name Factory Default Fun
17. travel to reach the targeted device For the two most distant devices in the same collision domain when one sends the frame first and the second sends the frame just before the frame from the first device arrives The collision happens and will be detected by the second device immediately Because of the medium delay this corrupted signal needs to Spend some time to propagate back to the first device The maximum time to detect a collision is approximately twice the signal propagation time between the two most distant devices This maximum time is traded off by the collision recovery time and the diameter of the LAN In the original 802 3 specification Ethernet operates in half duplex only Under this condition when in 10 Mbps LAN it s 2500 meters in 100 Mbps LAN it s approximately 200 meters and in 1000 Mbps 200 meters According to the theory it should be 20 meters But it s not practical so the LAN diameter is kept by increasing the minimum frame size with a variable length non data extension bit field that is removed at the receiving MAC The following diagrams show the frame format suitable for 10M 100M and 1000M Ethernet and some parameter values that apply to all these three types of Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet chips in practice are supported in full duplex mode only as well as all network vendors devices The switch s Gigabit module supports only full duplex mode 416 bytes for 1000Base X 520 bytes for 1000Base T ow ewww wong
18. uses a logical subset of a physical LAN separated by specific rules such as tag port MAC address and so on In other words they can communicate with each other between separated small physical LANs within a LAN but cannot between any two separated logical LANs Page 38 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Mini Mini computer frame Basic Concepts and Management 3 y NL E RAE Ethernet switch Ethernet switch E INDE BACKBONE RA Ethernet switch Ethernet switch A LE W Se E A Ma B p EM SSeS n Printer Workstations Printer Figure 4 8 In the figure above all stations are within the same broadcast domain For these stations the traffic is getting congested when adding more stations to the broadcast domain With more and more users joining the LAN broadcast traffic will rapidly decrease the performance of the network In this case the network may fail 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 39 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management Name eee oc o Su sum EA Ethernet switch BACKBONE Ethernet switch Figure 4 9 Virtual LAN By applying VLAN technology you can configure the system shown in Figure 4 9 You can partition the users into the different logical networks that have their own broadcast domain The traffic will not disturb these logical n
19. 0 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation Network Subnet All Os 128 1 2 128 0000000 Ada All 1s 128 1 2 255 Figure 3 12 Subnet mask In this diagram the subnet mask is 25 bits long 255 255 255 128 and contains 126 members in the subnetted network The length of the network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask This enables the switch to count the number of IP addresses matched The following table shows the results Table 3 3 Number of IP addresses matched Prefix Length No of IP matched No of Addessable IP 32 1 31 2 30 4 2 29 8 6 28 16 14 27 32 30 26 64 62 25 128 126 24 256 254 23 512 510 22 1024 1022 21 2048 2046 20 4096 4094 n9 8192 8190 A8 16384 16382 A7 32768 32766 16 65536 65534 According to the scheme above a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 will partition a network as class C A maximum of 254 effective nodes will exist in this sub netted network and it is considered a physical network in an autonomous network The network IP address might be 168 1 2 0 Using the subnet mask a bigger network can be cut into smaller pieces of network If you want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet the switch must partition the network In this case the subnet mask must be applied 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 23 Chapter 3 Installation For different network applications the subnet mask may be 255 255 255 240 It is a small network that accommo
20. 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000O 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 Figure 5 23 Statistics Overview for all ports Parameter description Tx Rx Bytes The number of received and transmitted bytes per port Tx Rx Frames The number of received and transmitted frames per port Tx Rx Errors The number of frames received in error and the number of incomplete transmissions per port 5 3 2 Detailed Statistics Function name Detailed Statistics Function description Display the detailed counting number of each port s traffic This window can show all counter information for each port at one time Statistics for Port 1 CEACE Ponti Port2 Port3 Ports Pots Por6 Port7 Ports Portg Port10 Porti Porti2 Porti3 Porti4 Port15 Port 16 Porti Porti8 Port19 Port20 Port21 Port22 Port23 Port24 Receive Total Transmit Total Rx Packets 143721 95923 207673164783 12387330 Rx High Priority Packets a Tx High Priority Packets Rx Low Priority Packets Bx Low Priority Packets Rx Broadcast 14443 IxBroddast Rx Multicast 2099 T Muliast Rx Broad and Multicast ELET Rx Error Packets Tx Error Packets 1 Receive Size Counters Transmit Size Counters Rx 64 Bytes 1053551121211 Rx 65 127 Bytes 246941 3 27741 Rx 128 255 Bytes S170 ESC T REN BE 1020 oes Rx 1024 Bytes Jr 1024 bytes Receive Error Counters Transmit Error Counters ixcollisions E rx Drops 6 or Tou NNI o 0 0 Fi
21. 2 3 reference model vs OSI reference mode In Figure 4 1 Ethernet uses the Data Link layer and Physical layer and consists of three portions including logical link control LLC media access control MAC and physical layer The first two portions work at the Data link layer which splits data into frames for transmitting receiving acknowledge frames error checking and re transmitting when not received correctly and also provides an error free channel upward to the network layer 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 27 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management ea apj o Coaxial STP UTP Fiber Figure 4 2 MAC sub layer in physical layer in OSI model This diagram shows the Ethernet architecture LLC sub layer and MAC sub layer which operate at the Data Link layer and transceivers which work at the Physical layer in the OSI model In this section we describe the MAC sub layer 4 2 Logical Link Control LLC The data link layer consists of both the sub layers of MAC and MAC client The MAC client may be logical link control or the bridge relay entity Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethernet MAC and upper layers in the protocol stack such as Network layer It can operate over different LAN technologies such as Token Ring FDDI and so on For the interface to the MAC layer LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology Table 4 1 LLC PDU format P
22. 24 SPD LEDs for 10 100 1000 M TP Ports 1 to 24 4 LINK ACT and 4 SPD LEDs for 1000 M SFP fiber Ports 21 to 24 Power Input 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz Consumption 20 W Ambient Temperature 32 to 104 F 0 to 40 C Humidity Tolerance 10 to 9096 Size LGB2118A 1 45 H x 8 57 W x 5 86 D 37 x 21 8 x 14 9 cm LGB2124A 1 7 H x 17 4 W x 6 7 D 4 4 x 44 2 x 17 cm Weight LGB2118A 4 63 Ib 2 1 kg LGB2124A 5 51 Ib 2 5 kg 1 2 Management Software Specifications Bandwidth Control Supports by port Egress Ingress rate control Quality of Service QoS Referred to as Class of Service CoS by the IEEE 802 1P standard System Configuration Auto negotiation support on 10 100 1000BASE TX ports Web browser can set transmission speed 10 100 1000 Mbps and operation mode Full Half duplex on each port enable disable any port set VLAN group set Trunk Connection Trunk Function Port trunk connections allowed VLAN Function Port Base 802 1Q Tagged allows up to 10 active VLANs in one switch Web Browser Support Based on HTTP Server Page 8 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 2 Overview 2 Overview 2 1 Introduction The Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit and Fast Ethernet specifications The LGB2118A switch has 16 10 100 1000 Mbps TP ports and 2 Gigabit SFP fiber transceiver slots The LGB2124A switch has 20 10 100 1000Mbps
23. 3z Gigabit Modal Bandwidth Distance Modal Bandwidth Distance Ethernet 1000BASE SX 850 nm 160 MHz km 721 7 ft 220 m 400 MHz km 1640 4 ft 500 m 200 MHz km 902 2 ft 275 m 500 MHz km 1804 5 ft 550 m Single mode fiber 9 125 m 1000BASE LX LHX ZX Single mode transceiver 1310 nm 6 2 mi 10 km or 18 6 mi 30 km Single mode transceiver 1550 nm 31 1 mi 50 km TX Transmit 1310 nm Single mode 12 4 mi 20 km RX Receive 1550 nm 1000BASE LX single fiber BiDi SC TX Transmit 1550 nm Single mode 12 4 mi 20 km RX Receive 1310 nm Switch Cascading Topology The switch cascading topology takes the delay time into account Theoretically the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading so that you can uplink an unlimited number of switches In practice the network extension cascading levels and overall diameter must follow the constraints of the IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3z and other 802 1 series protocol specifications The limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802 3 series specification of Media Access Control MAC and PHY and the timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802 1d 802 1q LACP for LGB2118A only and so on The fiber TP cables and devices bit time delay round trip are as follows Table 3 2 Fiber TP cables and devices bit time delay round trip 1000BASE X TP Fiber 100BASE TX TP 100BASE FX Fiber Round trip delay 4096 Roun
24. AN Group Configuration VLAN Isolation Aggregation IGMP Snooping Mirroring SNMP Loop Detection Broadcast Storm Protection QoS Figure 5 3 Configuration menu function tree 5 2 1 System Information System configuration is one of the most important functions Without a proper setting the network administrator cannot manage the device The switch supports manual IP address setting 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 47 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management System Description PZR 10 100 1000BASE T System Description 4 Port TP 100M 1G SFP Combo Web Smart Switch SEA EL vO 93 DETTA TS ES v1 01 AAA 00 40 c7 00 00 01 Serial Number 123456789012 Active IP Address 192 168 1 1 Active Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 192 168 1 253 DHCP Server 0 0 0 0 Lease Time Left O secs Device Name E DHCP Enabled Fallback IP Address 192 168 11 Fallback Subnet Mask 2552552550 Fallback Gateway 492 168 1253 Management VLAN hs 0 60 10000 Secs 600 Apply Refresh Figure 5 4 System Configuration menu Function name System Configuration Function description Show system description firmware version hardware version MAC address serial number active IP address active subnet mask active gateway DHCP server and lease time left Set device name DHCP enabled fallback IP address fallback subnet mask fallback gateway management VLAN password and inactivity timeout Parameter desc
25. Control and Route Descriptor 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 35 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management When MAC parses the received frame and finds a reserved special value 0x8100 at the location of the Length Type field of the normal non VLAN frame it will interpret the received frame as a tagged VLAN frame If this happens in a switch the MAC will forward it according to its priority and egress rule to all the ports associated with that VID If it happens in a network interface card MAC will deprive the tag header and process it in the same way as a basic normal frame For a VLAN enabled LAN all involved devices must be equipped with the optional VLAN function At operating speeds above 100 Mbps the slotTime employed at slower speeds is inadequate to accommodate network topologies of the desired physical extent Carrier Extension provides a means by which the slotTime can be increased to a sufficient value for the desired topologies without increasing the minFrameSize parameter because this would have deleterious effects Non data bits referred to as extension bits are appended to frames that are less than slotTime bits in length so that the resulting transmission is at least one slotTime in duration Carrier Extension can be performed only if the underlying physical layer is capable of sending and receiving symbols that are readily distinguished from data symbols as is the case in most physical layers that use a block encoding deco
26. E 802 1Q in Q nested VLAN support Uses full duplex flow control IEEE 802 3x and half duplex backpressure Features extensive front panel diagnostic LEDs For LGB2118A System Power TP Port 1 16 LINK ACT 10 100 1000 Mbps SFP Port 17 and 18 SFP LINK ACT For LGB2124A System Power TP Port 1 24 LINK ACT 10 100 1000 Mbps SFP Port 21 22 23 and 24 SFP LINK ACT e Includes these management features Port status and easy port configuration Per port traffic monitoring counters Provides a snapshot of the system information when you login Port mirror function Static trunk function Supports 802 1Q VLAN Supports user management and limits login to one user Maximum packet length can be up to 9600 bytes for jumbo frame applications Broadcasting Suppression prevents a suspended or crashed network Sends the trap event while monitored events are happening Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current configuration via Web UI and or by pressing the switch s Reset button Hot pluggable SFP modules Supports Quality of Service QoS for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 3 Use the built in Web based management instead of the CLI interface providing a more convenient GUI for the user 2 3 What s Included Before you install the switch verify that the package contains the following e 18 or 24 Port Gigabit Smart
27. Is the length type valid If not the switch discards the packet and reports lengthError 6 If all five procedures above are ok then the MAC treats the frame as good and disassembles the frame Page 34 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management What if VLAN tagging is applied VLAN tagging is a 4 byte long data immediately following the MAC source address When tagged VLAN is applied the Ethernet frame structure will change slightly Collision domain 2 Collision domain 1 Y Y E Y WE a m Collision Collision Collision domain 3 domain 4 domain 5 Figure 4 6 Only two fields VLAN ID and Tag control information are different when compared to the basic Ethernet frame The rest of the fields are the same The first two bytes are the VLAN type ID with the value of 0x8100 indicating the received frame is a tagged VLAN The next two bytes are Tag Control Information TCI They provide user priority and VLAN ID explained next Table 4 6 User priority and VLAN ID Bits 15 13 User priority 7 0 O is lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator Bit 12 1 RIF field is present in the tag header 0 No RIF field is present VID VLAN identifier 0x000 Null VID No VID is present and only user priority is present Bits 11 0 0x001 Default VID OxFFF Reserved NOTE RIF is used in Token Ring networks to provide source routing and consists of two fields Routing
28. LGB2118A lt gt BLACK BOX Customer Order toll free in the U S Call 877 877 BBOX outside U S call 724 746 5500 Support FREE technical support 24 hours a day 7 days a week Call 724 746 5500 or fax 724 746 0746 Inf ti Mailing address Black Box Corporation 1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 JEU et Web site www blackbox com E mail info blackbox com Trademarks Used in this Manual Trademarks Used in this Manual Black Box and the Double Diamond logo are registered trademarks of BB Technologies Inc Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation Microsoft and Internet Explorer are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell Inc Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation Any other trademarks mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners We re here to help If you have any questions about your application or our products contact Black Box Tech Support at 724 746 5500 or go to blackbox com and dick on Talk to Black Box You ll be live with one of our technical experts in less than 60 seconds Page 2 724 746 5500 blackbox com FCC and IC RFI Statements Federal Communications Commission and Industry Canada Radio Frequency Interference Statements This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordanc
29. Off when no link is present 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 13 Chapter 2 Overview Optional Modules for LGB2118A and LGB2124A On the LGB2118A switch Ports 17 18 are SFP fiber module ports On the LGB2124A Ports 21 24 include two types of media TP and SFP Fiber with LC connectors they support 10 100 1000 Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detect function Use a 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver for high speed connection expansion choose from four optional SFP types listed in Table 2 6 Table 2 6 Optional modules for LGB2124A Product Code Speed Connector Distance Mode Component LFP402 1000 Mbps LC 2 km Multimode 1300 nm SFP fiber transceiver LFP401 1000 Mbps LC 20 km Single mode 800 nm SFP fiber transceiver LFP403 1000 Mbps LC 40 km Single mode SFP fiber transceiver LFP404 1000 Mbps LC 50 km Single mode SFP fiber transceiver Figure 2 5 Front view of 1000BASE SX LX LC SFP Fiber Transceiver Page 14 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation 3 Installation 3 1 Starting Up the Switch This section will give users a quick start for Hardware and cable installation Management station installation e Software booting and configuration 3 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation CAUTION Wear a grounding device to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge Make sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord into the power source Installing Optional SFP Fiber Trans
30. P agent provided that the Management Information Base MIB is installed correctly on the managed devices This protocol governs the transfer of information between SNMP manager and agent and traverses the Object Identity OID of the management Information Base MIB described in the form of SMI syntax An SNMP agent is running on the switch in response the request issued by the SNMP manager SNMP is passive except for issuing the trap information The switch can turn on or off the SNMP agent If you set the field SNMP to Enable the SNMP agent will start If the field SNMP is set to Disable the SNMP agent will be deactivated and the related Community Name Trap Host IP Address Trap and all MIB counters will be ignored Function name SNMP Configuration Function description This function is used to configure SNMP settings community name trap host and public traps as well as the throttle of SNMP A SNMP manager must pass the authentication by identifying both community names then it can access the MIB information of the target device Both parties must have the same community name Once completing the setting click on the Apply button and the setting takes effect 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 57 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management SNMP Configuration SNMP enabled SNMP Trap destination 00 0 0 SNMP heod community SNMP Write Community private SNMP Trap Community public
31. VLAN name and a VLAN ID A valid VLAN ID is 1 4094 Users can create up to 16 VLANs simultaneously 5 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration Function name Tag Based VLAN Configuration Tag based VLAN mode Function description The VLAN membership configuration for the selected switch can be monitored and modified here Up to 4094 VLANs are supported This page allows for adding and deleting VLANs as well as adding and deleting port members of each VLAN 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 51 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Tag Based VLAN Configuration Add a VLAN VLAN Configuration List 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 5 8 9 O 9 16 17 VLAN Port Configuration Figure 5 8 tag VLAN Mode IX HNETTITENETT Port 1 7 9 all O Tagged Only Port 2 E all O Tagged Only Port 3 El 9 All Tagged Only 1 Port 4 gl 9 All O Tagged Only 1 Port 5 v All O Tagged Only 1 Port 6 El 9 All O Tagged Only Port 7 ui 9 All O Tagged Only Port 8 El 9 All O Tagged Only Port 9 Y 9 Al O Tagged Only portio V 9 Al O Tagged Only 1 y Potii M 9 All O Tagged Only Poti2 V 9 All O Tagged Only 1 Poti3 M 9 Al O Tagged Only Portia 9 All O Tagged only Potis V 9 All O Tagged Only Port 16 vi 9 All Tagged Only 1 y Porti Vi 9 All OTagged Only 1 Poti8 V All O Tagged Only 1 Portig Y 9 Al O Tagged Only 1 Port20
32. apter 3 Installation Please enter password to login Password Figure 3 7 The Login screen for the Web 3 1 4 Address Assignment For IP address configuration there are four parameters that need to be filled in They are IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway and DNS IP address The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication Its address structure is shown in Figure 3 8 It is split into predefined address classes or categories Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bit address Each IP address has two parts network identifier address and host identifier address The network identifier is the network where the addressed host resides and the host identifier is the individual host in the network that the address of the host refers to The host identifier must be unique in the same LAN The IP address we use here is version 4 known as IPv4 32 bits E gt Network identifier Host identifier Figure 3 8 IP address structure The switch divides the IP address into three classes class A class B and class C The rest of the IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address X for example 192 168 1 0 10 Each class has its address range described next Class A A Class A addr
33. arameter Value Description DSAP address 8 bits Destination service access point address field SSAP address 8 bits Source service access point address field Control field 16 bits for formats that include Control 8 or 16 bits segeuence numbering and 8 bits for formats that do not Information M 8 bits Information Multiplication M An integer value equal to or greater than 0 Upper bound of M is a function of the medium access control methodology used Table 4 1 shows the format of LLC PDU It consists of four fields DSAP SSAP Control and Information The DSAP address field identifies one or more service access points that have an 1 G bit for an individual or group address If all bits of DSAP are 1s it s a global address The SSAP address field identifies the specific services indicated by the C R bit command or response The DSAP and SSAP pair with some reserved values indicate some well known services listed in Table 4 2 Page 28 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management Table 4 2 SSAP address field options OxAAAA SNAP OxEOEO Novell IPX Ox FOFO NetBios OxFEFE IOS network layer PDU OxFFFF Novell IPX 802 3 RAW packet 0x4242 STP BPDU 0x0606 IP 0x9898 ARP LLC type 1 is a connectionless service LLC type 2 is a connection oriented service and LLC type 3 acknowledges a connectionless service and has three types of LLC frames for all classes of service Figure
34. arding 7 o Forwarding 7 a Forwarding Ej w Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding EJ C Forwarding E a Forwarding T 7 10 Forwarding E 7 11 Forwarding 7 7 12 Forwarding O E 13 Forwarding 14 Forwarding E 15 Forwarding 7 7 16 Forwarding 7 El V00NO0uUAaoN em 17 Forwarding T A 18 Forwarding a o 19 Forwarding 7 5 20 Forwarding 7 T 21 Forwarding 7 A 22 Forwarding A 7 23 Forwarding 7 7 24 Forwarding E E Figure 5 18 Rate Limit Configuration Parameter description Mode Controls whether Broadcast Strom Protection is enabled as a whole Packet Per Second When the broadcast packet traffic in a second is higher than the threshold configured Broadcast Storm Protection is enabled Unlock Time The period in seconds for which a port will be kept disabled if a loop is detected and the port action is to shut down the port Port Port number State Show the status on the port Protocol Enabled Controls whether Broadcast Strom Protection is enabled on this switch port 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 61 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Unlock port Tick the checkbox next to the locked port and it will be opened and changed to unlocked If you don t tick the port checkbox it remains locked 5 2 12 Quality of Service QoS Configuration The QoS function supports VLAN tagged priority that can set eight priorities and DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point on Layer 3 of th
35. ceivers to the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless NOTE If you have no modules please skip this section Figure 3 1 Installing an optional SFP fiber transceiver Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis The optional SFP modules are hot swappable so you can plug or unplug them before or after powering on Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis 2 Slide the module into the slot Make sure that the module is properly seated against the slot socket connector 3 Install the media cable for network connection 4 Repeat the above steps as needed for each module to be installed into slot s 5 Power ON the switch after the above procedures are done TP Port and Cable Installation The switch s TP ports support MDI MDI X auto crossover so you can use straight through or crossover cable 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 15 Chapter 3 Installation Connect CAT5 grade RJ 45 TP cable to a TP port of the switch and connect the other end to a network aware device such as a workstation or a server Repeat the above steps as needed to connect each RJ 45 port to a Gigabit 10 100 1000 TP device The switch is ready to operate Power On The switch supports a 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz power supply The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power The switch s ports are hot swappable so you can plug in devices or SFPs while the switch is powered on After the power
36. ck Time The period in seconds for which a port will be kept disabled if a loop is detected and the port shuts down 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 59 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management State Show the status on the port Protocol Enabled Controls whether Loop Detection is enabled on this switch port When a port number is chosen and Loop detection is enabled the port detects the loop and the port will be locked If no Loop occurred the port remains unlocked Unlock port When ticking the port the locked port will be opened and become unlocked If the port is not checked y it remains locked 5 2 11 Broadcast Storm Protection Function name Broadcast Storm Protection configuration Function description When the broadcast packets received by the switch exceed the threshold configured the port will be blocked for a period of time that can be set After a configured time the switch will detect whether the broadcast packets received on the port still exceed the threshold If the broadcast traffic is still higher than the configured threshold the port will be closed for a period of time again If the broadcast traffic is under the threshold the port will re open and forward the packets normally Page 60 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Broadcast Storm Protection Disabled v Packet Per hiannr Second 1000001 Protocol Fro sate PG unk ort Forwarding CI Forw
37. ction description Factory Default provides the function to retrieve default settings and replace the current configuration Except for the IP address setting all settings will be restored to the factory default values when the Factory Default function is performed If you want to restore all configurations including the IP address setting to the factory default please press the Reset button on the front panel Note for Reset button You must press the Reset button for more than 3 seconds to restore the factory default setting Factory Default Are you sure you want to perform a Factory Default Yes No Figure 5 29 Factory Default 5 4 3 Software Upgrade Function name Software Upgrade Function description You can just click the Browse button to retrieve the file you want in your system to upgrade your switch Software Upload Locate file for upload Figure 5 30 Software Upgrade 5 4 4 Configuration File Transfer Function name Configuration File Transfer Function description You can backup your switch s configuration file into your computer folder in case an accident happens Uploading a backup configuration file into a new or a crashed switch also saves time and avoids mistakes Configuration Upload Locate file for upload Upload Configuration Download Figure 5 31 Configuration Upload Download Page 70 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 4 5 Logout
38. d to be bundled as a logical link forming a Link Aggregation Group with a group ID From the viewpoint of MAC clients each Link Aggregation Group is an independent link Links in a network can be switch to switch switch to station and station to station The station may be a host or a router Link Aggregation sometimes called port trunking uses two types of link configuration static port trunk and dynamic port trunk e Static Port Trunk When physical links are changed the administrator needs to manually configure the switches one by one Dynamic Port Trunk When physical links are changed LACP takes over and automatically reconfigure The administrator does not have to do anything and will see the trap message of LACP changed in NMS Page 44 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 Operation of Web based Management This chapter explains how to manage your Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless and how to configure the 10 100 1000 Mbps TP Ports and Gigabit SFP Fiber ports on the switch via Web user interfaces The LGB2118A provides 16 fixed Gigabit Ethernet TP ports and 2 optional SFP ports The LGB2124A provides 20 fixed Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4 TP SFP dual media ports This enables you to easily access and monitor the status such as MIBs port activity and multicast traffic through any ports on the Switch The default values of the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2118A and LGB21244 a
39. d trip delay 512 CAT5 TP wire 11 12 m CAT5 TP wire 1 12 m Fiber cable Fiber cable 10 10 m TP to fiber converter 56 Bit time unit 1 ns 1 sec 1000M Bit time unit 0 01 s 1 sec 100 Megabit The sum of all elements bit time delay and the overall bit time delay of wires devices must be within the Round Trip Delay bit times in a half duplex network segment collision domain For full duplex operation this does not apply You may use the TP Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the long haul connection 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 17 Chapter 3 Installation Typical Network Topology in Deployment A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switches may reduce the timing delay between the server and the client station This approach will minimize the number of switches in any one path lower the possibility of network loops and improve network efficiency If more than two switches are connected in the same network select one switch as the Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2 We recommend connecting the Server Host to the Level 1 switch This is general advice if no VLAN or other special requirements apply Case 1 All switch ports are in the same local area network Every port can access each other see Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 No VLAN configuration diagram If a VLAN is enabled and configured each node in the network that can communicate with each other dir
40. dates a maximum of 15 nodes in the network Default gateway For the routed packet if the destination is not in the routing table all the traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address known as the default router Basically it is a routing policy To assign an IP address to the switch check what the IP address is for the network that will be connected to the switch Use the same network address and append your host address to it DHCP Enabled O Fallback IP Address 192 168 1 1 Fallback Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Fallback Gateway 0 0 0 0 IManagement LAN 1 Inactivity Timeout 600 0 60 10000 Secs Apply Figure 3 13 Default gateway For example you can enter the IP address 192 168 1 1 as shown in Figure 3 13 An IP address such as 192 168 1 x must be set on your PC Next type in the Subnet Mask for example 255 255 255 0 Any subnet mask such as 255 255 255 x is allowable in this case 3 2 Typical Applications The LGB2118A implements 16 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDI X and 2 slots for the removable module supporting LC fiber SFP modules The LGB2124A has 20 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDI X and 4 slots for the removable combo module supporting twisted pair and LC fiber SFP modules For more details about the switch s specifications refer to Chapter 1 The switch is suitable for the following applications e Central site remote site
41. details see Table 2 3 Lit to show switch is in Link Act mode Lit to show switch is in System mode Lit to show switch is in Speed mode 10 100 1000 Mbps Ethernet ports Connect up to two SFP links IEC 320 power connection Lights when power is on Chapter 2 Overview 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 11 Chapter 2 Overview Table 2 3 LGB2118A LED functions LED Color Function 1 System Power LED Green Lit when power is on Steady green Lit when connection with remote device is good 16 LINK ACT LEDs Blinking green Blinks when any traffic is present Green Green when TP link is on 1000 Mbps speed 16 SPD LEDs Yellow Yellow when TP link is on 10 100 Mbps speed Off Off when no link is present 1000SX LX Gigabit fiber Green Green when SFP link is on 1000 Mbps speed port 17 18 Yellow Yellow when SFP link is on 100 Mbps speed 2 LINK ACT LEDs Off Off when no link is present 2 4 2 24 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2124A Figures 2 3 and 2 4 show the front and back panels of the switch Table 2 4 describes its components Table 2 5 describes the LEDs in detail lt gt BLACK BOX www black Figure 2 3 LGB2124A front panel This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules r AC Line 100 240V 50 60Hz ce X MADE IN TAIWAN 10 F
42. ding scheme The maximum length of the extension is equal to the quantity slotTime minFrameSize The MAC continues to monitor the medium for collisions while it is transmitting extension bits and it will treat any collision that occurs after the threshold slotTime as a late collision 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps F on Figure 4 7 Collision domain Page 36 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management 4 5 How Does a Switch Work The LGB2118A switch is a layer 2 Ethernet Switch equipped with 16 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 slots for optional SFP fiber modules The LGB2124A switch has 20 TP ports and 4 slots for optional TP SFP combo modules Each port on the switch is an independent LAN segment and thus has 26 LAN segments and 26 collision domains in contrast to the traditional shared Ethernet hub in which all ports share the same media and use the same collision domain and thus limit the bandwidth use A switch s separated collision domain extends the LAN diameter farther than the shared hub does and greatly improves the efficiency of the traffic transmission Because of the architecture the switch can provide full duplex operation to double the bandwidth per port and many other features such as VLAN bandwidth aggregation LGB2118A only and so on which are not able to be supported in a shared hub Terminology Separate Access Domains Eth
43. dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer Page 66 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 3 3 IGMP Status Function name IGMP Status Function description Display IGMP status In Fig 5 26 the window shows the VLAN ID for each multicast group IGMP Status Queries Queries vi v2 v3 transmitted received Reports Reports Reports 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Idle Pages 1 VLAN ID Group Address Port Member None of Multicast Group Figure 5 25 IGMP Status Parameter description VLAN ID Show VLAN ID for each multicast group Querier Show the group membership queries status Queries transmitted Count the group membership queries transmitted Queries received Count the group membership queries received V1 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines which groups it belongs to The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It calculates the number of times IGMPV1 reports V2 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It calculates the number of times IGMPV2 reports V3 Reports When a host receives a
44. e eee te ge eee eee ee eee eee es 24 4 Basic Concepts and Managemen tty cc seis Fe Ht Patet ente p gene nae ed Ue edm Ob plate 27 MEUM T E E E E E E 27 42 Logical ACA SS A A 28 4 3 Media Access Control MAI a ciel 30 4 3 T MAG Addresslhng us eic ern edit uterelb otc phe e adepto t ee teas dace eee teen ta ee 30 4 3 2 Ethernet Frame Foral tet ee tendent re etas oed eg Rebeca Bere ieee ensure durs 30 um Mee Repo ET ETE 33 4 5 How Does a Switch Work sssssssssssssssssssseseeeeneneeeeeeeenn nennen eren nr ier nnn err eren nnn er en en nnn nnns 37 AG gt WIA UL 38 4 7 Link Aggregation LGB2118A Only trennen trennen trennt entente nennen 43 5 Operation of Web Based Management rated 45 5 1 Web Management Home Overview nennen erre ertt eren rennen erret nnns 45 5 2 Comiquera Presb tnc a iv core vetet 47 5 21 System Into Mal ust etes ee eden pied deb deni i ed eunte tein fte ef each eet 48 5 22 Port COMGULStION cesi n 49 5 2 3 VLAN Mode COMP GU ath ON sesso sitet tit trn er gelesen Pessac cett mu eget tada 51 5 24 VLAN Group GontigultatiOn sri it eta eere itus UII dite tp eren gt nes tuse Goes Fr cu eeu xt 51 5 2 5 VLAN Port Isolation Configura tati eene e i ee teste ende bec ere e b dene 54 5 2 6 Aggregation LGB2118A Only cceccecccceseceseeeeseseeeseseeeeceesecsessesecsecaesecsecaeceesessecsesesseceesesseseecesesieeettetaeeeeeesaeees 55 smettere 56 5 2 8 Mirroring Configu
45. e network framework QoS Configuration DoS Disabled Figure 5 19 QoS Configuration Function name QoS Configuration Function description When setting the QoS function first select QoS Mode in the drop down menu Then you can use 802 1p Priority and DSCP Priority functions You can enable disable QoS Mode and set Priority Control such as 802 1p and DSCP The switch only supports Strict Priority High priority queue is always passed first Function name 802 1p QoS Mode Function description This function will affect the priority of VLAN tag Based on the priority of the VLAN tag it can arrange 0 7 priorities that can map to 4 queues of the switch low normal medium high and possess different bandwidth distribution according to your weight setting Parameter description Prioritize Traffic Five Prioritize Traffic values are provided Custom All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority and All High Priority The QoS setting applies to all ports on the switch if one of the following values is selected All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority or All High Priority Port Number When Custom is selected for Prioritize Traffic you may assign a specific Port Number for 802 1p Configuration 802 1p Configuration Each Priority can select any Queue In Default Priority O is mapping to Queue normal Priority 1 is mapping to Queue low Priority 2 is mapping to Queue low Priority 3 is mapping to Qu
46. e with the manufacturer s instructions may cause interference to radio communication It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart B of Part 15 of FCC rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulation of Industry Canada Le pr sent appareil num rique n met pas de bruits radio lectriques d passant les limites applicables aux appareils num riques de la classe A prescrites dans le R glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique publi par Industrie Canada CAUTION Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity which can damage their delicate electronics Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge To protect your device always Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static e
47. ectly is bounded in the same VLAN area Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using The switch supports both port based VLAN and tag based VLAN They are different in practical deployment especially in physical location See Figure 3 3 Case 2a Port based VLAN See Figure 3 3 VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 4 Figure 3 3 Port based VLAN diagram 1 The same VLAN members cannot be in different switches 2 Every VLAN member cannot access each other s VLAN members Page 18 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation 3 The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN group at one switch Case 2b Port based VLAN See Figure 3 4 Figure 3 4 Port based VLAN diagram 1 VLAN1 members cannot access VLAN2 VLAN3 and VLAN4 members 2 VLAN2 members cannot access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN4 members 3 VLAN3 members cannot access VLAN1 VLAN2 and VLANA 4 VLAN4 members cannot access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they can access VLAN2 members Case 3a The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID See Figure 3 5 Figure 3 5 Attribute based VLAN diagram 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 19 Chapter 3 Installation 3 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless Via the Web the switch can set up the management function Use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch Configuring the Manag
48. ement Agent of the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless through the Ethernet Port There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch s Ethernet port They are Web browser and SNMP manager The user interface for the SNMP manager is management software dependent and is not described in this manual Using the Web based UI for the switch is described here 24 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless Default IP setting IP 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Assign a reasonable IP address for example IP 192 168 1 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Ethernet LAN Figure 3 6 Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless Managing the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless through the Ethernet Port Before you communicate with the switch you must first configure its IP address or know the IP address of the switch Then follow the procedures described next 1 Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC using a qualified UTP CAT5 cable with an RJ 45 connector NOTE If a PC directly connects to the switch you have to set up the same subnet mask between them However the subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site See Figure 3 6 for default IP address information of the 24 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless 2 Run a Web browser and follow the menu Please refer to Chapter 5 Page 20 724 746 5500 blackbox com Ch
49. er configuration you can gain not only improved security and increased performance but also save a lot of VLAN management effort Function name VLAN Mode Setting Function description The VLAN Mode Selection function includes four modes Port based Tag based Metro mode or Disable Choose one of them via the drop down menu Then click on the Apply button and the settings will take effect immediately Port based Apply Figure 5 7 Select VLAN Mode Parameter description VLAN Mode Port based Port based VLAN is defined by port Any packet coming in or going out from any one port of a port based VLAN will be accepted A no filtering criterion applies in port based VLAN The only criterion is the physical port you connect to For example a port based VLAN named PVLAN 1 contains port members Port 1 2 3 and 4 If you are on Port 1 you can communicate with Port 2 3 or 4 If you are on Port 5 then you cannot talk to them Each port based VLAN you build must be assigned a group name This switch can support up to 12 groups Tag based Tag based VLAN identifies its members by VID This is quite different from port based VLAN If there are any more rules in ingress filtering list or egress filtering list the packet will be screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be forwarded The switch supports a supplement of 802 1q For more details see VLAN in Section 4 6 Each tag based VLAN you built must be assigned a
50. ernet uses CSMA CD to arbitrate who can transmit data to the station s attached in the LAN When more than one station transmits data within the same slot time the signals will collide referred to as a collision The arbitrator will arbitrate who should gain the media The arbitrator is a distributed mechanism in which all stations contend to gain the media Please refer to Section 4 1 for more details In Figure 4 7 running in half duplex mode you will see that some ports of the switch are linked to a shared hub which connects many hosts and some ports just are individually linked to a single host The hosts attached to a shared hub will be in the same collision domain separated by the switch and use the CSMA CD rule The host directly attached to the switch because no other host s joins the traffic contention will not be affected by CSMA CD These LAN segments are separated in different access domains by the switch Micro segmentation When a port of the switch is connected to a single host this is referred to as micro segmentation It has the following characteristics There is no need for access contention for example Collision They have their own access domain But collision still could happen between the host and the switch port When operating in full duplex mode the collision vanishes e The host owns a dedicated bandwidth of the port The switch port can run at different speeds such as 10 Mbps 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbp
51. es Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets received Tx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max length byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Rx CRC Alignment Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received Rx Undersize Number of short frames 64 Bytes with valid CRC Rx Oversize Number of long frames according to max length register with valid CRC Rx Fragments Number of short frames 64 bytes with invalid CRC Rx Jabber Number of long frames according to max length register with invalid CRC Rx Drops Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer Tx Collisions Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Tx Drops Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision late collision or frame aging Tx Overflow Number of frames
52. es the next bit is the starting point of the MAC frame until all bits of the frame are received For a received frame the MAC will check 1 Is it less than one slotTime in length that is a short packet If yes the frame will be discarded by MAC because by definition the valid frame must be longer than the slotTime If the length of the frame is less than one slotTime a collision may have happened somewhere or the interface might have malfunctioned in the LAN When detecting the case the MAC drops the packet and goes back to the ready state N Does the DA of the received frame exactly match the physical address that the receiving MAC owns or the multicast address is designated to recognize If not the MAC discards it and passes the frame to its client and goes back to the ready state UJ ls the frame is too long If yes the MAC throws it away and reports Frame Too Long 4 Is the FCS of the received frame valid If not for 10M and 100M Ethernet the MAC discards the frame For Gigabit Ethernet or higher speed Ethernet the MAC has to check one more field that is the extra bit field if FCS is invalid If any extra bits exist they must meet the IEEE 802 3 specification to be considered valid When both FCS and extra bits are valid the received frame will be accepted otherwise the switch discards the received frame and reports frameCheckError if no extra bits are appended or alignmentError if extra bits are appended 5
53. ess is less than 126 255 255 255 The switch can define a total of 126 networks because the address 0 0 0 0 is reserved for a default route and 127 0 0 0 8 is reserved for a loopback function Bit 01 78 31 Network address Host address 0 Figure 3 9 Class A IP address 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 21 Chapter 3 Installation Class B A Class B IP address ranges between 128 0 0 0 and 191 255 255 255 Each class B network has a 16 bit network prefix followed by a 16 bit host address There are 16 384 2 4 16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 26 2 hosts per network Bit 4 012 15 16 31 10 Network address Host address Figure 3 10 Class B IP address Class C A Class C IP address ranges between 192 0 0 0 and 223 255 255 255 Each class C network has a 24 bit network prefix followed by an 8 bit host address There are 2 097 152 2 24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 25 2 hosts per network Bit 012 3 23 24 31 110 Network address Host address Figure 3 11 Class C IP address Class D and E Class D is a class with first 4 MSB most significant bit set to 1 1 1 0 and is used for IP multicast See also RFC 1112 Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set to 1 1 1 1 and is used for IP broadcast According to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA there are three specific IP address blocks reserved that can be used for extending an internal network We cal
54. etworks The users 1x x denotes a d are members of VLAN 1 Any traffic within VLAN 1 does not flow to VLAN 2 and others This helps configure the network easily according to the criteria needed for example financial accounting R amp D and whatever you think is necessary You can also easily move a user to a different location or join a new user somewhere in the building to VLAN Without VLAN it is very hard to do Basically VLAN can be used to move and change users reduce broadcast traffic and increase performance VLANs can greatly reduce the traffic congestion and increase total performance because there are no longer too many users in the same broadcast domain There are many types of VLAN Most popular are port based VLAN tag based VLAN and protocol based VLAN Port based VLAN Some physical ports are configured as members of a VLAN All stations attached on these ports can communicate with each other e Tag based VLAN identifies the membership by VLAN ID no matter where the packet comes from It is also referred to as 802 1Q VLAN Protocol based VLAN identifies the VLAN membership by layer 3 protocol types for example IPX Appletalk IP etc Other VLAN technologies not mentioned above are MAC based VLAN and IP based VLAN Terminology Tagged Frame A frame carrying a tag field with the source MAC address is four bytes long and contains VLAN protocol ID and tag control information composed of user priority Canonica
55. eue normal Priority 4 is mapping to Queue medium Priority 5 is mapping to Queue medium Priority 6 is mapping to Queue high and Priority O is mapping to Queue high Page 62 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management QoS Configuration Qos Mode 8021p v Prioritise Traffic Custom v 802 1p Configuration 802 1p RS 802 1p DIAS 802 1p 802 1p 0 1 low vi normal wv 2 low v normal vw 4 medium Y 5 medium v 6 high 7 high vi Figure 5 20 802 1p Setting Function name DSCP QoS Mode Function description In the late 1990s the IETF redefined the meaning of the 8 bit Service Type field to accommodate a set of differentiated services DS Under the differentiated services interpretation the first six bits are a codepoint which is sometimes abbreviated DSCP and the last two bits are left unused DSCP can form total 64 0 63 kinds of Traffic Class based on the arrangement of 6 bit field in DSCP of the IP packet In the switch the user is allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to any queue low normal medium high Parameter description Prioritize Traffic Five Prioritize Traffic values are provided Custom All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority and All High Priority The QoS setting would apply to all ports on the switch if one of the following values is selected All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority or
56. evice or an end station the VLAN bridge must transmit out an untagged packet The tag has been stripped off in an egress port Egress rule can be set by per port Independent VLAN Learning IVL specifies the mode chosen to learn a MAC address For a specified VLAN it will use an independent filtering database FID to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN and decide where to go Shared VLAN Learning SVL specifies the mode chosen to learn a MAC address In this mode some VLANs or all VLANs use the same filtering database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN For the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless you can choose a VID for sharing a filtering database in a Shared VID field if you want to use the existing filtering database For a specified VLAN when a MAC address is learned by a switch the VLAN will use this formation to make forwarding decisions Filtering Database FID tells you where the packet will be sent The filtering database will supply the outgoing port according to the request from the forwarding process with VID and DA When a packet is received if it has a non zero VID then FID will offer the associated outgoing ports information to the packet In SVL VLANs use the same Filtering Database In IVL VLANs use different FIDs Any VID can be assigned to the same FID by the administrator How does a Tagged VLAN work If the ingress filtering is
57. f Ethernet frame type encapsulation and length encapsulation and both are categorized as four frame formats 802 3 802 2 SNAP 802 3 802 2 Ethernet Il and Netware 802 3 RAW The basic Ethernet frame format defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard required for all MAC implementations is explained next Table 4 4 Ethernet frame structure PRE SFD DA SA Type Length Data Padbitifany FCS 7 7 6 6 2 46 1500 4 Preamble PRE The PRE is 7 bytes long with an alternating pattern of ones and zeros used to tell the receiving node that a frame is coming and to synchronize the physical receiver with the incoming bit stream The preamble pattern is 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 e Start of frame delimiter SFD The SFD is one byte long with alternating patterns of ones and zeros ending with two consecutive 1 bits It immediately follows the preamble and uses the last two consecutive 1s bits to indicate that the next bit is the start of the data packet and the left most bit in the left most byte of the destination address The SFD pattern is 10101011 e Destination address DA The DA field is used to identify which network device s should receive the packet It is a unique address See Section 4 3 1 e Source addresses SA The SA field indicates the source node The SA is always an individual address and the left most bit in the SA field is always O Page 30 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Ba
58. fault is none Unregistered IGMP Flooding enabled Just tick the check box to enable this function The default is enable VLAN ID When IGMP Enable mode is selected it will list the VLAN ID number IGMP Snooping Enabled After the IGMP Enabled function starts up tick the check box to enable this function The default is enable IGMP Querying Enabled After IGMP Enabled function starts up tick the check box to enable this function The default is enable 5 2 8 Mirroring Configuration Function name Mirror Configuration Function description Mirror Configuration enables the switch to monitor the traffic in the network This switch supports one port mirroring multi ports For example if Port A and Port B are Source Ports and Port C is Mirror Port the traffic passing through Port A and Port B will be copied to Port C for monitoring Parameter description Source Port Set up the port you want to monitor Just tick the check box beside Port x Valid ports are Port 1 10 Mirror Port Use the drop down menu to select a mirror port Page 56 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Mirroring Configuration an i NNNNN RM RM oM RM M M M M M Hm eFWNHrROUKUAN AU amp BWN Ye Mirror Port s Refresh Figure 5 15 Mirror ports configuration 5 2 9 SNMP Any Network Management System NMS running the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP can manage the managed devices equipped with an SNM
59. form the proper action The scheduler has many ways to implement and different chips may support different schedule algorithms Most common schedulers are FCFS First Come First Service Strictly Priority All High before Low Weighted Round Robin Set a weight figure to the packet with a priority level say 5 7 and next set another weight to the packet with a priority level say 2 4 and so on The WRR will transmit the packet with the weight So the packet of each priority level can be allocated a fixed bandwidth Bandwidth rating Bandwidth rating is the limitation set by administrator and it can be applied to those with SLA Bandwidth rating can be total bandwidth types of service of a port with many steps The switch supports by port Ingress and Egress total bandwidth rate control capacity The bandwidth rate resolution is 0 1 Mbps 100 Kbps and ranges from O to 100 Mbps 4 6 Virtual LAN What is a VLAN It is a subset of a LAN Before we discuss VLAN we must understand what LAN is In general a LAN is composed of different physical network segments bridged by switches or bridges that attach to end stations in the same broadcast domain The traffic can reach any station on the same LAN Beyond this domain the traffic cannot go without a router s help This also implies that a LAN is limited If you need to communicate with the station outside the LAN a router is needed and always is located on the edge of the LAN A layer 2 VLAN
60. group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It calculates the number of times IGMPV3 reports V2 Leaves When a host leaves a group it sends a leave group membership message to multicast routers on the network it shows the leaves number 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 67 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 3 4 Ping Status Function name Ping Status Function description Set up a target IP address for ping function and display ping status In Fig 5 27 the window shows the ping information Ping Parameters Target ares om Time Out in secs v ea CEIC v 0 0 0 0 AA e complete Received repies Si Request timeouts o Average Response Time in ms o Figure 5 26 Ping Parameter description Ping Parameters Target IP address Set up a Target IP address to ping Count Use the drop down menu to set number of echo requests to send Choose from four numbers 1 5 10 and 20 Default 1 Time Out in secs Use the drop down menu to set number of echo requests time out in seconds Choose from four numbers 1 5 10 and 20 Default 1 NOTE Press the Apply button to start up after you set up the parameters Ping Results Target IP address Show the active
61. gth and payload data field and finally the FCS data will be put in order into the responding fields 2 Listen if there is any traffic running over the medium If yes wait 3 If the medium is quiet and no longer senses any carrier the MAC waits for a period of time called the inter frame gap time to have the MAC ready with enough time and then start transmitting the frame 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 31 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management 4 During the transmission the MAC keeps monitoring the status of the medium If no collision happens until the end of the frame it transmits successfully If there is a collision the MAC will send the patterned jamming bit to guarantee the collision event is propagated to all involved network devices then wait for a random period of time called back off time When backoff time expires the MAC goes back to the beginning state and attempts to transmit again After a collision happens MAC increases the transmission attempts If the count of the transmission attempts reaches 16 times the frame in the MAC s queue will be discarded Ethernet MAC transmits frames in half duplex and full duplex modes In half duplex operation mode the MAC can either transmit or receive frames at a moment but cannot transmit and receive at the same time Because the transmission of a MAC frame with the half duplex operation exists only in the same collision domain the carrier signal needs to spend time to
62. gure 5 24 Detailed Statistics for each port Parameter description Rx Packets The counting number of the packet received RX Octets Total received bytes 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 65 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Rx High Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as high priority Rx Low Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as low priority Rx Broadcast Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet Rx Multicast Show the counting number of the received multicast packet Rx Broadcast and Multicast Show the counting number of the received broadcast with multicast packet Rx Error Packets Show the counting number of the received error packets Tx Packets The counting number of the packet transmitted TX Octets Total transmitted bytes Tx High Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as high priority Tx Low Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as low priority Tx Broadcast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet Tx Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet Tx Broadcast and Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast with multicast packet Tx Error Packets Show the counting number of the received error packets Rx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 128 255 Byt
63. he illegal user try to login the Web management UI 1 gesmsw24LRxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gesmsw24LProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Rx bad packet over the Rx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number 2 gesmsw24LTxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gesmsw24LProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Tx bad packet over the Tx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number 3 END 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 73 NOTES Page 74 724 746 5500 blackbox com NOTES 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 75 Black Box Tech Support FREE Live 24 7 Tech support the way it should be Great tech support is just 60 seconds away at 724 746 5500 or blackbox com BLACK BOX About Black Box Black Box provides an extensive range of networking and infrastructure products You ll find everything from cabinets and racks and power and surge protection products to media converters and Ethernet switches all supported by free live 24 7 Tech support available in 60 seconds or less Copyright 2014 Black Box Corporation All rights reserved Black Box and the Double Diamond logo are registered trademarks of BB Technologies Inc Any third party trademarks appearing in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of their respective owners LGB2118A version 1 724 746 5500 blackb
64. hysical layer the distortion of the carrier signal When a collision is detected during a frame transmission the transmission will not stop immediately but instead continues transmitting until the rest of the bits specified by jamSize are completely transmitted This guarantees that the duration of the collision is long enough for all involved devices to detect the collision This is referred to as jamming After a jamming pattern is sent MAC stops transmitting the rest of the data queued in the buffer and waits for a random period of time known as backoff time with the following formula When backoff time expires the device goes back to attempting to transmit the frame The backoff time is determined by the formula below When the time of collision is increased the backoff time increases up to the collision times plus 16 If this happens the frame will be discarded and the backoff time will also be reset O lt or r lt 2k where k 2 min n 10 Frame Reception Frame reception is the same for both half duplex and full duplex operation except that full duplex operation uses two buffers to transmit and receive the frame independently The receiving node always listens if there is traffic running over the medium when it is not receiving a frame When a frame destined for the target device comes the receiver of the target device begins receiving the bit stream and looks for the Preamble PRE pattern and Start of Frame Delimiter SFD that indicat
65. ificado deber ser provisto cuando A El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido da ado u B Objectos han ca do o l quido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato o C El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia o D El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su desempe o o E El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido da ada Page 4 724 746 5500 blackbox com Table of Contents Table of Contents UM oue TEES e A ATE A 7 IEECSIJ M E M ieee 7 1 2 Management Software Specifications ssec 8 De OWEN UN 9 V3 Mugs CLEA 9 DL A 9 2 3 Whats IA ii e e teret o pete ttd oe t d uidere ltd estere dee decades edlen mt 10 2 4 Hardware Descripcion dica 11 2 4 1 18 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB21184 sssssssssssseneneeeeeeeeeenen nnns 11 2 4 2 24 Port Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2124A sssssssssssseseeneeeneneneenee nnns 12 3 eel yo RT c 15 3 1 Starting Up the Switch cocino ener 15 3JLT Hardware and Cable stall ett tics s tix hee sett etu leia 15 3 1 2 Cabling Requirements arras 16 3 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless sss 20 3 1 4 Address ASSIGNMENT RR 21 3 2 Typical 210 9 6r 00 ene pire PEPA eee ra Sere eget eee cence Pree in
66. igure 2 4 LGB2124A back panel Page 12 724 746 5500 blackbox com Number 1 10 11 Chapter 2 Overview Table 2 4 LGB2124A components Component 1 Mode button 24 TP port status LEDs 24 TP port speed LEDs 4 SFP port status LEDs Link Act LED System LED Speed LED 24 10 100 1000BASE T RJ 45 ports 4 100 1G SFP ports 1 AC power socket on back of unit 1 Power LED on left side of unit Not shown in Figure 2 3 or 2 4 Description Switches between what is being displayed by LEDs For details see Table 2 5 For details see Table 2 5 For details see Table 2 5 Lit to show switch is in Link Act mode Lit to show switch is in System mode Lit to show switch is in Speed mode 10 100 1000 Mbps Ethernet ports Connect up to two SFP links IEC 320 power connection Lights when power is on Table 2 5 LGB2124A LED functions LED Color 1 System Power LED Green Steady green 20 LINK ACT LEDs 20 SPD LEDs Blinking green Green Yellow Off 1000SX LX Gigabit fiber Green port 21 22 23 24 Yellow 2 LINK ACT LEDs Off Function Lit when 43 3 V power is on Lit when connection with remote device is good Blinks when any traffic is present Green when TP link is on 1000 Mbps speed Yellow when T link is on 10 100 Mbps speed Off when no link is present Green when SFP link is on 1000 Mbps speed Yellow when SFP link is on 100 Mbps speed
67. is on all LED indicators will light on and then all will go off except for the power LED which remains on This resets the system Firmware Loading After resetting the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory It will take about 30 seconds after that all the LEDs on the switch will flash once while the switch performs a self test and is ready to use 3 1 2 Cabling Requirements For successful installation and good network performance follow these cabling requirements Low quality cables can cause the switch to malfunction Cabling Requirements for TP Ports For Fast Ethernet TP network connections use CAT5 or CAT5e cable that s up to 328 feet 100 m long For Gigabit Ethernet TP network connections use CAT5 or CAT5e cable that s up to 328 feet 100 m long We recommend using CAT5e cable Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Modules There are two categories of fiber multimode MM and single mode SM Single mode cable is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports They are SX LX LHX XD and ZX The following table lists the types of fiber that the switch supports If you don t see the cable type you need contact Black Box Technical Support at 724 746 5500 or info blackbox com Page 16 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation Table 3 1 Fiber supported by the switch Fiber cable type Multimode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth Multimode 62 5 125 um Multimode 50 125 um IEEE 802
68. l Format Indicator CFI and optional VLAN identifier VID Normally the maximum length of a tagged frame is 1522 bytes Page 40 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management 802 1Q VLAN tagged Ethernet frame 6 6 2 2 2 VLAN Protocol Tag Control Length DA SA ID Information Type uer A VLAN Protocol ID m 0x8100 User Priory CFI VLAN identifier Figure 4 10 Tag format VLAN Protocol ID 8100 is reserved for VLAN tagged frame User Priority 3 bits long User priority is defined from 7 0 0 is the lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator is 1 bit long It encapsulates a token ring packet so it can travel across the Ethernet Usually it is set to O VLAN ID 12 bits long O means no VLAN ID is present 1 means default VLAN 4095 is reserved VLAN tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying a VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification without the value of 0 and 4095 and priority information Priority tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying a VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification with the value of O and priority information Untagged frame An Ethernet frame carries no VLAN tag information VLAN Identifier Also referred to as VID It is used to identify whether a member belongs to the VLAN group with the VID The assignable number is 1 4094 If VID 0 the tagged frame is a priority packet Values of O and 4095 also cannot be assigned in VLAN management Po
69. l it a private IP address described below Class A 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 Class B 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 Class C 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information Subnet mask A subnet mask is the sub division of a class based network or a CIDR block The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address in the network prefix and the host address is based on bits It uses IP addresses more efficiently and makes it easy to manage an IP network For a class B network 128 1 2 3 the default subnet mask may be 255 255 0 0 with the first two bytes all 1s This means more than 60 000 nodes with a flat IP address will be in the same network It s too large to manage practically If we divide it into smaller networks by extending the network prefix from 16 bits to say 24 bits the switch uses its third byte to subnet this class B network The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 in which each bit of the first three bytes is 1 The first two bytes identify the class B network the third byte identifies the subnet within this class B network and the last byte is the host number Not all IP addresses are available in the subnetted network Two special addresses are reserved They are the addresses that have the host number as all zeros and all ones For example for an IP address 128 1 2 128 the reserved IP will have all Os for the network itself and all 1s for IP broadcast Page 22 724 746 550
70. lectrical charge before you pick up the circuit device Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only If you need to connect an outdoor device to this switch with cable add an arrestor on the cable between the outdoor device and this switch 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 3 N In OM Statement strucciones de Seguridad Normas Oficiales Mexicanas Electrical Safety Statement 1 2 3 4 5 oN Oo o 10 11 Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operaci n deber n ser le das antes de que el aparato el ctrico sea operado Las instrucciones de seguridad y operaci n deber n ser guardadas para referencia futura Todas las advertencias en el aparato el ctrico y en sus instrucciones de operaci n deben ser respetadas Todas las instrucciones de operaci n y uso deben ser seguidas El aparato el ctrico no deber ser usado cerca del agua por ejemplo cerca de la tina de ba o lavabo s tano mojado o cerca de una alberca etc El aparato el ctrico debe ser usado nicamente con carritos o pedestales que sean recomendados por el fabricante El aparato el ctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo s lo como sea recomendado por el fabricante Servicio El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo el ctrico m s all a lo descrito en las instrucciones de operaci n Todo otro servicio deber ser referido a personal de servicio calificado El aparato el c
71. lfunction occurs For more details refer to the Page Layout Information section on the next page 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 45 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Page Layout Information The top part of the information page shows the front panel of the switch Linked ports will be displayed in green and linked off ports will be in black For the optional modules the slots with no module will only show covered plates the other slots with installed modules would show modules The images of modules depend on the ones you insert Vice versa if ports are disconnected they will show in black The left side of the page shows the Main Menu tree for the Web According to the function name all functions can be divided into three parts Configuration Monitoring and Maintenance To perform a function click on it The main function tree for the Web user interface is shown next Configuration Monitoring Maintenance Figure 5 2 Main menu function tree for Web interface Page 46 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 2 Configuration Configuration includes the following functions System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration VLAN Isolation Aggregation IGMP Snooping Mirroring Loop Detection Broadcast Storm Protection and QoS Configuration System Information Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VL
72. lowed The value O means auto logout timer is disabled The default is O 5 2 2 Port Configuration Function name Port Configuration Function description Port Configuration sets the ports on the switch You can set or reset the values for Mode and Flow Control You can also set the power saving mode for switch power consumption 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 49 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Enable Jumbo Frames Jumbo Frame support up to 9600 bytes Power Saving Disable TP Ports Mode Flow Control Auto Speed Auto Speed Auto Speed Auto Speed Auto Speed y Auto Speed y Auto Speed y Auto Speed Auto Speed y covousen nf 10 Auto Speed 11 Auto Speed y 12 Auto Speed y 13 Auto Speed y 14 Auto Speed y 15 Auto Speed y 16 Auto Speed x 17 Auto Speed 18 Auto Speed y 19 Auto Speed 20 Auto Speed x 21 Auto Speed x 22 Auto Speed 23 Auto Speed 24 Auto Speed y Fiber Ports Mode Flow Control 21 Auto Speed y 22 Auto Speed 2 23 Auto Speed y 24 Auto Speed Drop frames after excessive collisions Use in Half Duplex flow control environment Figure 5 6 Port Configuration menu Parameter description Enable Jumbo Frames This function supports jumbo frames of up to 9600 bytes Just tick the check box to enable it The default is disable Power Saving Mode This function supports power
73. mber of the newly added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box beside the port x to enable it Add Group Create a new port based VLAN or tag based VLAN which depends on the VLAN mode you choose in the VLAN mode function Delete Group Just tick the check box beside the ID then press the Delete button to delete the group 5 2 5 VLAN Port Isolation Configuration Function name Port Isolation Configuration Function description Port Isolation provides a method to isolate ports on layer 2 switches on the same VLAN to restrict traffic flow It applies to a switch that has more than one port and each port is configured as a protected port or a non protected port An address table memory stores an address table with a destination address and port number pair A forwarding map generator generates a forwarding map that responds to a data packet s destination address The method for isolating ports on a layer 2 switch comprises configuring each of the ports on the layer 2 switch as a protected port or a non protected port A destination address on a data packet is matched with a physical address on the layer 2 switch and a forwarding map is generated for the data packet based upon the destination address on the data packet The data packet is then sent to all the ports indicated by the forwarding map generated based upon whether the ingress port was configured as a protected or non protected port Use this page for enabli
74. ncepts and Management Next the switch assigns an IP address to each VLAN Usually we use 10 x x x as the internal IP block Because there are a total of four VLANs in the network we must assign four IP blocks to each of them Table 4 8 Network address assigned to each VLAN Name VID Network Address Marketing 2 10 1 2 0 24 Service 3 10 1 3 0 24 Sales 4 j 10 1 4 0 24 Administration 1 10 1 1 0 24 Here we apply the subnet mask 255 255 255 and each VLAN can support 254 nodes 4 7 Link Aggregation LGB2118A Only Link Aggregation combines the bandwidth of more than one port to an assigned logical link This increases total bandwidth to the targeted device There is more than one Link Aggregation technology in many vendors switch products already which may cause an interoperability problem 802 3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP can solve this problem Why 802 3ad LACP Networks vary For example if a port malfunctioned or is unplugged accidentally in a static trunk port the administrator has to reconfigure it or the network will have problems The administrator needs a tool with automatic recovery capability LACP is a protocol that allows a switch to know whether its partner has the capability to setup a trunk between them Usually if the administrator wishes to increase the bandwidth of a specific link he may 1 Buy new network equipment with higher throughput or 2 Aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port t
75. ng or disabling port isolation on ports in a private VLAN A port member of a VLAN can be isolated to other isolated ports on the same VLAN and private VLAN Page 54 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Port Isolation Configuration ae e 17 18 19 20 24 22123 28 al fall Jojo and d e Figure 5 12 Port Isolation configuration Parameter description Port Members A check box is provided for each port of a private VLAN When checked port isolation is enabled on that port When unchecked port isolation is disabled on that port By default port isolation is disabled on all ports 5 2 6 Aggregation LGB2118A Only The Aggregation Port Trunking Configuration is used to configure the settings of Link Aggregation You can bundle ports by the same speed MAC and full duplex to be a single logical port so the logical port can aggregate the bandwidth of these ports This means you can use your current Ethernet equipment to build the bandwidth aggregation For example if three Fast Ethernet ports are aggregated into a logical port then this logical port s bandwidth would be three times as high as a single Fast Ethernet port s Function name Aggregation Configuration Function description Display the current setup of Aggregation Trunking With this function the user is allowed to add a new trunking group or modify the members of an existing trunking group Aggregation Trunking Configuration Gr
76. o a logical link In case 1 you will pay much more money and hardware performance may limit the solution s scalability In case 2 you save money because all equipment is there already You can also the solve the interoperability issue Applying LACP in your network you will not only gain the benefits listed below to improve the performance of your network but also have these investments to use for future new products 1 Public standardized specification 2 No interoperability issues 3 No change to IEEE 802 3 frame format no change in software and management 4 Increased bandwidth and availability 5 Load sharing and redundancy 6 Automatic configuration 7 Rapid configuration and reconfiguration 8 Deterministic behavior 9 Low risk of duplication or mis ordering 10 Support existing IEEE 802 3 MAC Clients 11 Backward compatibility with aggregation unaware devices 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 43 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management There are also some constraints when applying LACP 1 LACP does not support inter switch bandwidth aggregation 2 The ports aggregated must operate in full duplex mode 3 The ports in the same Link Aggregation Group must operate at the same speed for example all 100 Mbps or all 1000 Mbps You cannot aggregate a 1000 Mbps port and two 100 Mbps ports for a 1 2 Gbps trunk port Terminology Link Aggregation enables multiple physical links with the same media and spee
77. opper cables ted leer d Copper cables RJ 45 RJ 45 Gigabit Smart Switch HHHH p ee Eco Fanless l l eu Anne PET E GEH AAPP A LGB2124A Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless LGB2124A Gigabit Smart Switch a Be Eco Fanless LGB2124A Copper cables EU RJ 45 d Financial MIS Figure 3 16 Office network connection Page 26 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management 4 Basic Concepts and Management This chapter describes the features used to manage this switch and how they work 4 1 Ethernet Ethernet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Intel and Xerox DIX in 1980 In 1992 Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethernet but operating at 100 Mbps now called Fast Ethernet This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same frame format CSMA CD software interface In 1998 Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and provided 1000 Mbps The 10 Gbps Ethernet standard was released in 2002 Although these types of Ethernet have different speeds they still use the same basic functions They are software compatible and can connect to each other almost without limitation based on the transmission media used Application protocols Dataink Media Access MAC IEEE 802 3 specific Physical PHY Media specific Figure 4 1 IEEE 80
78. oup Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Normal Q o o o o o 9 o o 9 o o o o o o 9 o o 9 o o Qo o Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 ETTA Refresh Figure 5 13 Aggregation Trunking Configuration Parameter description Normal Set up the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Group the ports you choose together Up to 12 ports can be selected for each group 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 55 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management 5 2 7 IGMP Snooping Function name IGMP Snooping Configuration Function description IGMP Snooping lets administrators configure a switch to constrain multicast traffic by listening to Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP After finishing the settings click on the Apply button to start up the function IGMP Configuration if i J Router Ports 9 110 11 FP 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 121 22 123 O 24 Unregistered IPMC Flooding enabled VLAN ID IGMP Snooping Enable IGMP Querying Enable 1 y v 5 c 7 9 v v Figure 5 14 IGMP Configuration Parameter description IGMP Enabled Just tick the check box to enable this function The default is disable Router Ports Just tick the check box beside Port x to enable router ports then press the Apply button to start up The de
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80. ration ccecccceccecceceseesceeeseeeeseceeeecseceeceesecseeeesecsecaeeecsesaeceesesseceesesseceesesieceecesasaeeeetesateeeeeeeeees 56 SAS SINI EEEE E MIELE 57 5 210 Loop DETECT ON Ic A 59 5 2 TI BroadcastStOrfmPLOLe CUOI aote cepe ise ntn ooo DN IU a IE UN UU 60 5 2 12 Quality of Service QoS Configuration ssssssssssssseeseeeeneneeeeenennnennenen reete nnn 62 ESSEN legno RC RER 64 5 31 Statistics OVEN WOW ai ica 64 5 3 2 IDetail d StatistiCs zinc inst en rt E ede tete ratita 65 533 NGMP c T e e A 67 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 5 Table of Contents 5 9 PING tal entente bsec ate entra at deret nd be dio Re repas 68 54 Eg dd la 69 5 4 T Marr RESTARTS uero eter eir o e cdas 69 54 2 Factory Detaullt cccn eroe tenete a tee da 70 5 4 3 Software UDGFadec us oct tttm ete tete i bes febr aendleed eade ue EE den deseen uus ted 70 5 4 4 Configuration File Transfer eren rnnt entree nnt 70 Ei ReuHor oU mre E M 71 6 TroubleshiOOHTigi med o A denuded teapeatgastestesees 72 6 1 Reson ne Condori idilio 72 6 2 Questions and Answers eene een nana eder s annnnnnannnnino 72 6 3 Contecibg BIack BOX oeste A eI LOI UI MENDA LEAL Ult 72 6 4 Shipping arid Packaging resista etd tte ts det ee eeu Qd M Re 72 Appendix MIB EEUU 73 Page 6 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 1 Specifications 1 Specifications 1 1 General Aging Auto aging with p
81. re listed in the table below Table 5 1 Default values Parameter Default Value IP address 192 168 1 1 Subnet mask 2550552550 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Password admin When the configuration of your Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless is finished you can browse it using the IP address you set up For instance type http 192 168 1 1 in the address row in a browser then the following screen see Figure 5 1 will appear and ask for your password input for login and access authentication The default password is admin For first time access enter the default password and click on the Apply button This completes the login process The Gigabit Smart Switch supports a simplified user management function that allows only one administrator to configure the Switch at one time To optimize the display effect we recommend that you use Microsoft Internet Explorer IE and 1024x768 display resolution Please enter password to login Password ES Figure 5 1 Enter password to login screen 5 1 Web Management Home Overview After login System Information is displayed not shown in this manual This page lists default values and shows you the basic information of the switch including Switch Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror SNMP and Maximum Packet Length With this information you will know the software version MAC address ports available and so on This will be helpful if a ma
82. ription System Description The simple description of this switch Firmware Version The firmware version of this switch Hardware Version The hardware version of this switch MAC Address The Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch Serial Number The serial number assigned by the manufacturer Active IP Address Shows the active IP address of this switch Active Subnet Mask Shows the active subnet mask of this switch Active Gateway Shows the active gateway of this switch Page 48 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management DHCP Server Shows the IP address of the DHCP server The default is 0 0 0 0 Lease Time Left Shows the lease time left for the DHCP client Device Name Set a special name for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric characters and the null character are acceptable Default Giga Switch DHCP Enabled Enable DHCP snooping Just tick the check box Y to enable it The default is disable Fallback IP Address Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values Then click on the Apply button to update The default is 192 168 1 1 Fallback Subnet Mask Subnet mask is used to create more network addresses because any IP device in a network must own its IP address which is composed of a network address and a host address Otherwise the device can t communicate with other devices Unfortunately the network cla
83. rogrammable inter age time Auto Negotiation Supports auto negotiation for configuring speed and duplex mode Blocking Prevention Supports Head of Line HOL blocking prevention Buffer Memory Embedded 512 KB frame buffer Cable Type and Maximum Length Twisted Pair TP CAT5 UTP cable up to 328 ft 100 m Fiber 1000BASE SX up to 721 7 902 2 1640 4 1804 5 ft 220 275 500 550 m depending on multimode fiber type 1000BASE LX Single mode fiber up to 6 2 18 6 31 1 mi 10 30 50 km Filtering Supports broadcast storm filtering Flow Control IEEE 802 3x flow control for full duplex ports collision based backpressure for half duplex ports Forwarding Filtering Rate Packets per Second PPS 1 488 000 PPS at 1000 Mbps 148 800 PPS at 100 Mbps 14 880 PPS at 10 Mbps MAC Address and Self learning 8K MAC address Management Web based management provides the ability to completely manage the switch from any Web browser Network Interface Table 1 1 Network interface Configuraton Mode Connector Port Number LGB2118A TP RJ 45 1 16 10 100 1000 Mbps Gigabit TP Auto negotiation LGB2124A TP RJ 45 1 24 LGB2118A SFP 9 10 1000BASE SX Gigabit fiber 1000 FX LGB2124A SFP 21 24 LGB2118A SFP 9 10 LGB2124A SFP 21 24 1000BASE LX Gigabit fiber 1000 FX NOTE Ports 9 and 10 on the LGB2118A SFP fiber ports and Ports 21 24 on the LGB2124A are TP SFP fiber dual media ports with auto detection
84. rt VLAN Identifier VLAN identifier of a port It also can be referred to as PVID When an untagged frame or a priority tagged frame is received the frame will be inserted into the PVID of that port in the VLAN tag field The frame with VID assigned by a port is called PVID Each port can only be assigned a PVID The default value for PVID is 1 the same as VID Ingress filtering The process to check a received packet and compare its VID to the VLAN membership of the ingress port The ingress filtering can be set per port When receiving a packet a VLAN bridge examines if the VID in the frame s header presents If the VID of the received packet presents the VID of the packet is used And VLAN bridge will check its MAC address table to see if the destination ports are members of the same VLAN If both are members of the tagged VLAN then the packet will be forwarded If the packet is an untagged or a null tag packet the ingress port s PVID is applied to the packet A VLAN bridge will then look up the MAC address table and determine to which ports the packet should be forwarded Next it will check to see if the destination ports belong to the same VLAN with that PVID If the destination ports are members of the VLAN used by the ingress port the packet will be forwarded NOTE VID cannot be 0 or 4095 Ingress Rule Each packet received by a VLAN aware bridge will be classified to a VLAN The classification rule is described as follows 1 If the
85. s A shared hub cannot do this Extended Distance Limitations The diameter of a half duplex LAN segment is determined by its maximum propagation delay time For example in a 10M LAN the maximum distance of a LAN segment using TP cable is 2500 meters and 185 meters when using coaxial cable The switch with its per port per collision domain can extend the distance in the same way as a bridge does When operating in full duplex mode the distance can reach farther than half duplex because it is not limited by the maximum propagation delay time 512 bits time If fiber media is used the distance can be up to tens of kilometers Traffic Aggregation Traffic aggregation combines the bandwidth of more than one port and treats it as a single port in the LAN This single port has the features of a normal port plus loading balance You can use this when you need more bandwidth but cannot afford to pay the high cost of a high bandwidth port 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 37 Chapter 4 Basic Concepts and Management How does a switch operate A Layer 2 switch uses some features of the Data Link layer in the OSI model to forward the packet to the destination port s Here we introduce some important features of switches and how they work MAC address table When a packet is received on a switch port the switch first checks if the packet is good or bad and extracts the source MAC address SA and destination MAC address DA to find if SA exi
86. s shown in Table 4 3 It is normally written as aa bb cc dd ee ff 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens in which the aa bb cc is the OUI code and the dd ee ff is the serial number assigned by manufacturer Table 4 3 Ethernet MAC address Bit 47 bit O 1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte Ath byte 5th byte 6th byte OUI code Serial number The first bit of the first byte in the Destination address DA determines the address to be a Unicast 0 or Multicast frame 1 known as l G bit indicating individual 0 or group 1 So the 48 bit address space is divided into two portions Unicast and Multicast The second bit is for a globally unique 0 or locally unique address The globally unique address is assigned by the device manufacturer and the locally unique address is usually assigned by the administrator In practice globally unique addresses are always applied A unicast address works with a single network interface With a MAC address a frame transmitted can be received exactly by the target interface that the destination MAC points to A multicast address works with a group of network devices or network interfaces In Ethernet many to many connectivity in the LANs is supported It provides a way to send a frame to many network devices at a time When all bits of DA are 1s it is a broadcast which means all network devices except the sender itself can receive the frame and response 4 3 2 Ethernet Frame Format There are two major forms o
87. saving Select Full Link up Link down Disable using the drop down menu Default disable Link Show link status of this port Mode Set the speed and duplex of the port If the media is 1 Gbps fiber there are three modes to choose from Auto Speed 1000 Full and Disable If the media is TP the Speed Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode 10 100 1000 Mbps and duplex mode full duplex and half duplex The table on the next page summarizes the function the media supports Page 50 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management Table 5 2 Media supported Media Type Auto negotiation Speed Duplex 1000M TP ON OFF 10 100 1000M Full for all Half for 10 100 1000M Fiber ON OFF 1000M Full In Auto Speed mode there is no default value In Forced mode the default value depends on your setting Flow Control You can tick the check box to enable flow control If flow control is set to Enable both parties can send PAUSE frames to the transmitting device s if the receiving port is too busy to handle the traffic When it is set to Disable there will be no flow control in the port It drops the packet if it is too much to handle The default is disable 5 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration The switch supports Port based VLAN and Tag based VLAN 802 1q Its VLAN mode supports 10 active VLANs and the available VLAN ID range is from 1 4094 VLAN configuration is used to divide a LAN into smaller ones With prop
88. sic Concepts and Management Length Type This field indicates either the number of the data bytes contained in the data field of the frame or the Ethernet type of data If the value of first two bytes is less than or equal to 1500 in decimal notation the number of bytes in the data field is equal to the Length Type value that is this field acts as a Length indicator at this moment When this field acts as Length the frame has optional fields for 802 3 802 2 SNAP encapsulation 802 3 802 2 encapsulation and NetWare 802 3 RAW encapsulation Each of them has different fields following the Length field e If the Length Type value is greater than 1500 the Length Type acts as Type Different type values are the frames with different protocols running over Ethernet being sent or received For example 0x0800 IP datagram 0x0806 ARP 0x0835 RARP 0x8137 IPX datagram Ox86DD IPv6 e Data Less than or equal to 1500 bytes and greater or equal to 46 bytes If data is less than 46 bytes the MAC will automatically extend the padding bits and the payload will be equal to 46 bytes The length of the data field must equal the value of the Length field when the Length Type acts as Length Frame check sequence FCS This field contains a 32 bit cyclic redundancy check CRC value and is a check sum computed with DA SA through the end of the data field with the following polynomial G x x32 x26 x24 x22 x16 x12 x11 x10 x8
89. sses A B and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks so subnet mask is used to solve this problem Subnet mask uses some bits from the host address and makes an IP address resemble a network address subnet mask number and host address This reduces the total IP number that a network can support exponentially by a power of 2 of the bit number of subnet number 21b number of subnet number 32 bits Subnet number Figure 5 5 IP address Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value which should be the same value as that of the other devices residing in the same network it attaches to For more information see Section 3 1 4 Address Assignment in this manual The default is 255 255 255 0 Fallback Gateway Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not meet the routing rules predefined in the device If a packet does not meet the criteria for another pre defined path it must be forwarded to a default router on a default path This means any packet with an undefined IP address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally The default is 192 168 1 254 Management VLAN Show the management VLAN number Password Set a password for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character is acceptable The default password is admin Inactivity Timeout secs Set the auto logout timer The valid value is 0 60 in minutes and a decimal point is not al
90. sts in the MAC address table if no it puts it in the MAC address table if yes it looks up the DA and its associated port to which the traffic is forwarded If the DA does not exist the packet is broadcasted Because the number of MAC addresses is limited the switch applies the MAC address aging function When the MAC address has resided and keeps no update in the table for a long time the traffic using that entry has been inactive If this time period is more than the aging time the entry will be marked invalid The vacancy is now available for other new MACs Both learning and forwarding are the most important functions in a switch VLAN can be one of the rules to forward the packet Ingress rules and egress rules apply The ingress rule is used to filter the incoming packet by VLAN ID and to decide whether the packet is allowed to enter the switch or not The egress rule is used to forward the packet to the proper port Mac address aging There is a field in the MAC address table used to put the entry s Age time which determines how long a MAC entry can reside in a switch The age time is refreshed when a packet with source MAC address SA is sent Usually the age time is programmable e Transmission schedule In most layer 2 switches QoS is supported QoS in a switch must associate a transmission schedule to transmit the packet This function depends on the priority level that a packet has With the given priority the scheduler will per
91. tandalone off the shelf switch provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network e Quality of Service QoS The switch supports 802 1p VLAN tag priority and DSCP on Layer 3 of the network framework e VLAN Supports Port based VLAN IEEE 802 10 Tag VLAN LGB2118A supports 18 active VLANs and LGB2124A supports 24 active VLANs and VLAN IDs 1 4094 e Port Trunking LGB2118A Only Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link aggregation group by the static setting e Power Saving The switch uses two proprietary power management techniques that detect when the client is idle and also detect the cable length automatically This saves the switch power and reduces the power consumption e The LGB2118A has 16 and the LGB2124A has 20 10 100 1000 Mbps Auto negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports e The LGB2118A has 2 SFP fiber module ports and the LGB2124A has 4 10 100 1000 Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber dual media autosensing ports e Includes 512 KB on chip frame buffer e Supports 9 KB jumbo frames e Programmable classifier for QoS Layer 2 Layer 3 e Provides 8K MAC address and supports VLAN ID 1 4094 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 9 Chapter 2 Overview Features per port shaping policing and Broadcast Storm Control Saves power using two proprietary power management techniques e Includes IEE
92. trico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posici n no interfiera su uso La colocaci n del aparato el ctrico sobre una cama sof alfombra o superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilaci n no se debe colocar en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilaci n El equipo el ctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor como radiadores registros de calor estufas u otros aparatos incluyendo amplificadores que producen calor El aparato el ctrico deber ser connectado a una fuente de poder s lo del tipo descrito en el instructivo de operaci n o como se indique en el aparato 12 Precauci n debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarizaci n del equipo no sea eliminada 13 Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no sean pisados ni pellizcados por objetos colocados Sobre o contra ellos poniendo particular atenci n a los contactos y recept culos donde salen del aparato 14 El equipo el ctrico debe ser limpiado nicamente de acuerdo a las recomendaciones del fabricante 15 En caso de existir una antena externa deber ser localizada lejos de las lineas de energia 16 El cable de corriente deber ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo 17 Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilaci n 18 Servicio por personal cal
93. ultaneously This doubles the total bandwidth Full duplex is much easier than half duplex because it does not involve media contention collision retransmission schedule and padding bits for short frames It functions according to the IEEE 802 3 specification The minimum inter frame gap requirement between successive frames and frame formats is the same as that in the half duplex operation No collision will happen in full duplex operation What happens if the receiving device is busy and a frame is coming at the same time Can it use backpressure to tell the source device A flow control function is introduced in full duplex operation 4 4 Flow Control Flow control is a mechanism that tells the source device to stop sending frames for a specified period of time designated by a target device until the PAUSE time expires It does this by sending a PAUSE frame from the target device to the source device When the target is not busy and the PAUSE time is expired it will send another PAUSE frame with zero time to wait to the source device After the source device receives the PAUSE frame it will again transmit frames immediately The PAUSE frame is identical in the form of the MAC frame with a pause time value and with a special destination MAC address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 As per the specification PAUSE operation can not be used to inhibit the transmission of a MAC control frame Normally in 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps Ethernet only symmetric flow control is
94. utting a new VLAN name and VLAN ID If you are in a port based VLAN it will just show the ID member of the existing port based VLAN group If you are in a tag based VLAN it will show the ID VID and member of the existing tag based VLAN group The switch can store the port based VLAN and tag based VLAN configurations separately When you choose one of VLAN modes the switch shows the VLAN configuration which keeps the default data You can easily create and delete a VLAN group by pressing the Add and Delete function buttons or click the Group ID directly to edit it Port Based VLAN Configuration Add a VLAN m 2 Add VLAN Configuration List Eg Q9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Figure 5 10 Port Based VLAN Configuration 724 746 5500 blackbox com Page 53 Chapter 5 Operation of Web based Management st 9 7 S y u i a amp ET 5 Y 0 m E rt Port Member Al 3 uv A fu N E3 E3 ESI ESI uv o GIB E EIL EI EI EIER 3 E3 E31 Select All Apply Figure 5 11 Add or Remove VLAN Member Parameter description ID Group ID When you want to edit a VLAN group you must select the Group ID field Then you will enter the Tag Base VLAN Group Setting or Port Base VLAN Group Setting page depending on which VLAN mode you select Member In modify function this is used to enable or disable if a port is a me
95. work device of Computer C may fail to work Check the link act status of Computer C on the LED indicator Try another network device on this connection e The network configuration of Computer C may have something wrong Verify the network configuration on Computer C 2 The uplink connection function fails to work e Check if connection ports are used on the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless Check the uplink setup of the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless to verify the uplink function is enabled 3 The console interface doesn t appear on the console port connection e The Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless has no console port so you cannot use the console interface to connect with the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless 4 How do configure the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless You can configure the switch via an Internet Explorer IE Web browser interface First choose any port in the Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless Then use IE and type default IP address 192 168 1 1 to connect to a Gigabit Ethernet with a RJ 45 network line The login screen will appear 4 3 Contacting Black Box If you determine that your Gigabit Smart Switch Eco Fanless is malfunctioning do not attempt to alter or repair the unit It contains no user serviceable parts Contact Black Box Technical Support at 724 746 5500 or info blackbox com Before you do make a record of the history of the problem We will be able to provide more efficient and accurate assistance
96. x 4 x54 x44x24 x41 It is created by the sending MAC and recalculated by the receiving MAC to check if the packet is damaged or not How does a MAC work The MAC sub layer has two primary jobs to do 1 Receiving and transmitting data When receiving data it parses frames to detect errors when transmitting data it performs frame assembly 2 Performing Media access control It prepares the initiation jobs for a frame transmission and enables recovery from transmission failure Frame transmission Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD so it detects if there is any carrier signal from another network device running over the physical medium when a frame is ready for transmission This is referred to as sensing carrier also Listen If there is a signal on the medium the MAC defers the traffic to avoid a transmission collision and waits for a random period of time called backoff time then sends the traffic again After the frame is assembled when transmitting the frame the preamble PRE bytes are inserted and sent first then the Start of Frame Delimiter SFD DA SA and through the data field and FCS field in turn The following summarizes what a MAC does before transmitting a frame 1 MAC will assemble the frame First the preamble and Start of Frame delimiter will be put in the fields of PRE and SFD followed by DA SA tag ID if tagged VLAN is applied Ethertype or the value of the data len

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