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1. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 37 Evaluation Tools Features Plug and play PCI Revision 2 2 compliant Multiple emulator support Multiple processor I O voltage support 1 8 V 2 5 V and 3 3 V compliant and tolerant 5 V tolerant and 3 3 V compliant for 5 V processors and DSPs Multiprocessor support JTAG clock operation up to 50 MHz 3 meter USB cable for difficult to reach targets This emulator is supported by VisualDSP only 2 38 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Selecting the Right Combination of Tools Knowing which tools to use is critical to ensuring a quick development cycle There are many options for both software and hardware develop ment tools Two of the most common scenarios described in this section contain circumstances encountered by other developers along with recom mended solutions Your needs may be similar to one of the following scenarios Scenario 1 Question We are a small design house with one software engineer and one hardware engineer for this project We cannot afford a substantial initial investment in tools What do you recommend Answer Purchase an ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system p n ADDS BF533 EZLITE This hardware platform allows you to begin software development By interfacing components to the board s expansion headers the platform can serve as the basis for a hardware prototype The EZ KIT Lite evaluation syste
2. 2 12 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Question How many tasks are needed to schedule to run Answer This is important because a system with one task does not require a scheduler Question Are all of the tasks features of the application known at the start of application development or is there a good chance that more tasks will be added down the road Answer Kernels and RTOSs provide a stable platform on which to add tasks Using a kernel simplifies the need to add more tasks by removing the fear of disturbing system timing Question Are there strict latency or memory requirements Answer A kernel requires memory and has minimal task switch latency If the system requirements are very stringent an off the shelf operating system may not meet the application s needs VDK Versus a Third Party RTOS Once the decision to use an RTOS has been made the user must select an RTOS from the list of supported operating system suppliers Again a few standard questions need to be answered Question Which attribute is most important cost size features popularity task switching time documentation or prior experience Answer This differs for each application For more information on each operating system refer to the following third party Web site http dspcollaborative analog com developers DSP_ThirdParty_Search_Home asp Question What is the VDK and how does it apply to my appl
3. TestDrive GNU TOOLS OBTAIN GHS SOFTWARE VALIDATE CONCEPT PURCHASE VisualDSP LICENSE DESIGN TEST DEBUG SYSTEM SHIP PRODUCTS Figure 2 2 Tool Selection Workflow The Evaluation Process DOWNLOAD THE TestDrive VERSION OF VisualDSP 90 DAY LICENSE SIMULATION ONLY OPTIONAL STEPS PURCHASE API EXTENDER CARDS DOWNLOAD CAD FILES FROM ADI BUILD CUSTOM HARDWARE DESIGN AND BUILD CUSTOM HARDWARE FIRMWARE AND SOFTWARE PURCHASE JTAG EMULATOR AND DEBUG THIS IS AN ITERATIVE PROCESS Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 5 Evaluation Tools Because project development and debugging is integrated you can move quickly and easily between editing building and debugging activities Key features include the native C C compiler advanced graphical plot ting tools statistical profiling and the VisualDSP Kernel VDK which allows a user s code to be implemented in a more structured and easier to scale manner Other features include assembler linker libraries splitter cycle accurate and functional accurate compiled simulators emu lator support and more VisualDSP offers programmers a powerful yet easy to use programming tool with flexibility that significantly reduces the time to market Platform and Processor Support VisualDSP supports Blackfin SHARC and TigerSsHARC processors on Windows 2000 and Windows XP Robust and Flexible Project Managem
4. a vendor independent and unique benchmarking methodology The BDTI Benchmarks are a suite of twelve algorithm kernels which represent key DSP operations The BDTI Benchmarks were revised and expanded in 2000 increasing their value for users and developers of processors targeting DSP appli cations The BDTI Benchmarks have now been applied to dozens of processor architectures providing systems designers and OEMs with an unparalleled body of information to use in making decisions regarding the selection of a processor for a particular application or for processor designers in the design of a new architecture About the Scores The BDTImark2000 is a summary measure of processors signal processing speed distilled from a suite of signal processing benchmarks developed and inde pendently verified by Berkeley Design Technology Inc A higher score indicates a faster processor Because it is based on realistic benchmarks the BDTImark2000 characterizes a processor s signal processing speed far more accurately than simplified measures such as millions of multiply accumulates per second MMACS BDTI s policy is to verify benchmark results on silicon before issuing a BDTImark2000 score This policy helps to ensure that the score accurately reflects the performance that can be expected from actual silicon available today However it is not always practical to verify benchmarks on hardware For exam ple a chip designer may need to e
5. Selecting Software Development Tools Because Blackfin processors are programmable software development tools are required to author software applications Typical software development tools include a C C compiler run time libraries assem bler and a linker Emulation simulation debugging and project management capabilities vary based on the tools vendor The process of selecting tools is shown in Figure 2 2 on page 2 5 Currently three sets of software development tools are available for the Blackfin processor architecture e VisualDSP 4 0 from Analog Devices e MULTI from Green Hills Software e Open Source GCC tool chain and pClinux Each offers advantages for different types of applications This document focuses on the Analog Devices VisualDSP tool chain which is the most popular set of tools and provides the best starting point for new users Other software development tools are available in languages such as Japa nese and Chinese Contact your local Analog Devices sales office or distributor for more information VisualDSP From Analog Devices Inc VisualDSP is an easy to install and easy to use integrated software devel opment and debugging environment IDDE that enables efficient management of projects from start to finish from within a single interface 2 4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors DECIDE TO EVALUATE BLACKFIN PURCHASE EZ KIT LITE PURCHASE STAMP BOARD DOWNLOAD DOWNLOAD
6. eliminates the need for separate digital signal and control processors which reduces bill of material costs and greatly simplifies hardware and software design tasks Blackfin processors present high performance homogeneous software targets which allows flexible resource allocation between demanding real time DSP tasks and non real time control tasks Combining RISC MCU and DSP Functionality Blackfin processors provide both microcontroller MCU and DSP func tionality in a unified architecture allowing flexible partitioning between the needs of control and signal processing If the application demands the Blackfin processor can act as 100 MCU with code density on par with industry standards 100 DSP with clock rates at the leading edge of DSP technology or a combination of the two The Blackfin family of processors from Analog Devices Inc integrates a 32 bit RISC instruction set an 8 bit video instruction set with dual 16 bit MAC units The processor s variable length instruction set extends up to 64 bit opcodes used in DSP inner loops one SIMD and two load store cycle but is optimized so that 16 bit opcodes represent the most frequently used instructions As a result compiled code density fig ures are competitive with industry leading MCUs yet its interlocked pipeline and algebraic instruction syntax facilitate development in both C C and assembly 1 2 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Fi
7. 19 dual core processors 1 6 1 13 E EE Notes 3 3 email notifications 3 20 Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium EEMBC 1 20 emulators 2 32 encoding 1 23 evaluation system See EZ KIT Lite evaluation systems exception handling 1 4 expansion boards 2 26 Expert Linker 2 10 extenders 3 17 EZ KIT Lite evaluation systems defined 2 15 expansion boards 2 26 licensing 2 15 programs for 1 23 F filters 1 23 Fourier cosine functions 1 23 frameworks VDK 2 7 G GCC tool chain 2 4 2 11 GNU tool chain 2 11 graphing tools 2 8 Green Hills Software Inc tools 2 10 H hardware reference manuals 3 6 hardware tools documentation 3 15 selecting 2 15 Help online 3 18 2 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors High Performance PCI JTAG Emulator HPPCI 2 37 High Performance USB 2 0 JTAG Emulator HPUSB 2 33 I IBIS models 3 10 image processing and analysis 1 23 instruction set reference 3 7 interfaces to the Blackfin processor 1 10 interrupt processing 1 4 1 5 J JPEG 1 23 JTAG emulators 2 32 K kernels 2 7 2 13 L licenses described 2 15 floating 2 40 linking 2 10 3 13 loader 3 14 M manuals See documentation MCU operation 1 4 memory management 1 2 1 3 Micro Signal Architecture MSA 1 2 multiprocessor support 2 7 multi rate filters 1 23 MULTI tool Green Hills Software Inc 2 10 MyAnalog com 3 20 INDEX O on
8. 2004 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 19 Benchmarking Processors EEMBC If the application demands both the performance of a signal processing engine and a microcontroller examine what the Embedded Microproces sor Benchmark Consortium EEMBC says about Blackfin processors The following paragraphs are taken from the EEMBC Web site EEMBC the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium was formed in 1997 to develop meaningful performance benchmarks for the hardware and soft ware used in embedded systems Through the combined efforts of its members EEMBC benchmarks have become an industry standard for evaluating the capa bilities of processors compilers and Java implementations according to objective clearly defined application based criteria Since releasing its first certified benchmark scores in April 2000 EEMBC scores have effectively replaced the obsolete Dhrystone mips especially in situations where real engineering value is important EEMBC benchmarks reflect real world applications and the demands that embedded systems encounter in these environ ments The result is a collection of algorithms and applications organized into benchmark suites targeting telecommunications networking digital media Java automotive industrial consumer and office equipment products An additional suite of algorithms specifically targets the capabilities of 8 and 16 bit microcontrollers EEMBC s certif
9. 39 CET 2 cic saeco E EA A E E A ENEA A 2 40 Software Development on Blackfin Processors asssscssiaiiia 2 40 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors SUPPORT OPTIONS Te One onion 3 1 Analog Devices Web SIUE sess sasarscrtnsaseniamcasictarceteounaainnatsesionn 3 2 Processor and Tools Selection Information ssesessessseesseeeesse 3 2 Gering Started Information seccneniienarineu nanne 3 3 Applications Notes EE Notes and Other Articles 3 3 Communities Related Information irssricicriniencorsonists 3 3 Placlorms Related Information sccccnvoicsvsaccatexiennceierseenciesss 3 4 AR es he and Seminars sisreriisronn s a ni 3 4 Bilsckin Frocessor Workshops suisrrsryriinisiarn 3 4 Blackfin Processor Seminars semarinnccinerninairaia 3 5 TechOnline Seminars ash cc hivisceinedeconcdosaonnuiaadudeaasamonits 3 5 pClinux on the Blackfin Processor 3 Day Workshop 3 6 Processor Documentition cece rere cere 3 6 De Processor Manials sesoses 3 6 Piateware Reference Manuals oorarieroni sn 3 6 Instruction Set Reference seesinane 3 7 Priod Manuals acicssisioninvinenriai inion 3 8 Downloadable Manuals srssicsiinstrineciiienierneiori 3 8 Documentadon Es soecciescnncsnnseneeshesneeovenieaneyimiebereenienes 3 8 Tata Cee ea 3 9 Anomalies Lists for Processors and Tools lt cccsscaccissscavcsnarcenss 3 9 PEOL TIS gore a EN 3 10 IBIS Modeli armin eena 3 10 vi Getting Started With Blackfin Processors CGrossCote Tools Documentati
10. INTRODUCTION What are Blackfin Processors occccccacscciaccrcuavsiecanscanaxinavcaersnatsnereucvens 1 1 Combining RISC MCU and DSP Functionality 0 ee 1 2 Approaches to Application Development secese 1 4 Dual Core Processors Add Flexibility cinctcrrsesetivaserenincoaes 1 6 The Blackfin Family of Processors ccenoonascnsenosnarisens 1 7 Blackfin Processors Currently Available sersrsisnirerriris 1 7 Future Blackfin Processor Releases ccc scccecesasuerssasacsonmacees 1 9 Blackfin Processor Features cdcisscccccasnineinasasasensedenesconnatocsarseunoorente 1 10 PORTA S soinean na 1 11 Low Power Consimpriion cuss 1 13 Lor Cot borin NO 1 14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors ill PETI siie eS 1 15 PEME orraa AA A N 1 20 Analog Devices Benchinarke ecauasoritn 1 22 Links te Comparative Benchmatks inrsssdriikniisikiveikin 1 22 Code PNY ona edie 1 23 Examples Included With VisualDSP 44 cciccjocveciviensesesecicce 1 23 Device Drivers and System Services ira crcavassevitiirsancmmrees 1 23 Blackfin Processor Compiler and Code Density 1 24 THE EVALUATION PROCESS DSP Projed Develo Sere ieee tains 2 1 DVN E E A A E AE 2 2 Eyaluatan adeisialictinaiedandonsialaai bia danoemcieiadsiius daar saenbibulaainaeulad 2 3 Emulation siciseseaac saci aan chundacsnaceeuiaaabideibaabenilsaiiaanidesbaapineiaaneianlias 2 3 Eee 100 pairs E deen ceoierd eee 2 3 Selecting Softwate Development Toole sscsninisroriisnisisii 2 4 VisualDSP
11. Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options Analog Devices offers a software tools environment VisualDSP and an assortment of hardware development tools For software tools each release of VisualDSP includes a complete set of manuals describing the entire software development tool chain Printed copies of VisualDSP software tools manuals compiler assembler and so on ship with the software You can purchase additional sets through Analog Devices Customer Service 781 329 4700 For additional infor mation call 603 883 2430 If you do not have an account with Analog Devices you will be referred to an Analog Devices distributor Printed copies of software tools manuals are not provided with TestDrive licences Hardware Tools Documentation on page 3 15 describes EZ KIT Lite evaluation systems emulators and extender boards Printed copies of hardware tools manuals are packaged with the hardware To access the VisualDSP Tools Anomalies search page point your browser at http www analog com processors cda epTASearch VisualDSP Documentation This section briefly describes the VisualDSP manual set The purchase of a full license of VisualDSP includes a printed copy of each manual Electronic versions of documents are available from the VisualDSP installation CD ROM or via download from the following Web page http www analog com Processors Processors blackfin technicalLibrary manuals bla
12. functions including single step and full speed execution with predefined break points and viewing and or altering of register and memory contents With the ability to automatically detect and support multiple I O volt ages the USB emulator enables users to communicate with all of the Analog Devices JTAG processors using a full speed USB 1 0 or high speed USB 2 0 port on the host PC Applications and data can easily be tested and transferred between the emulator and the separately available Visu alDSP development and debugging environment Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 35 Evaluation Tools The plug and play architecture of USB allows the emulators to be detected automatically and configured by the host operating system The USB can also be connected to and disconnected from the host without opening the PC or turning off the power to the PC A 3 meter 9 foot cable is included to connect the emulators to the host PC thus providing abundant accessibility As a bonus customers in an environment that does not allow them to open their PCs without IS support will find that the USB emulator elimi nates the need to obtain that help and thus can be easily moved from the lab to the local desktop to the laptop Features e Full speed USB 1 1 compliant forward compatible with high speed USB 2 0 interface and connector e Support for all ADI JTAG processors e Multiple processor I O voltage support with automatic detectio
13. gt som Oo e TIMERS lt P cs gt ay n DMA lt DAB D l PAB 6 DAB Vz aL Figure 1 2 Block Diagram of the Dual Core ADSP BF561 Processor The Blackfin Family of Processors New high performance Blackfin processors are available now while plans for additional Blackfin processors are designed to offer feature packed future ready architectures for media rich applications Blackfin Processors Currently Available The ADSP BF535 was the first released Blackfin processor followed in March 2003 by three pin compatible devices the ADSP BF531 ADSP BF532 and ADSP BF533 Blackfin processors These three devices offer a range of memory and speed options providing maximum scalabil ity and design flexibility In January of 2005 Analog Devices introduced three Blackfin processors with embedded connectivity the ADSP BF536 ADSP BF537 and ADSP BF534 These three devices are also pin compatible with each other Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 7 What are Blackfin Processors and include Controller Area Network CAN Twin Wire Interface TWI peripherals and on some models a 10 100 Ethernet MAC Each of these first generation Blackfin devices the ADSP BF535 ADSP BF531 ADSP BF532 ADSP BF533 ADSP BF536 ADSP BF537 and ADSP BF534 released by January 2005 is a sin gle core processor Analog Devices also developed a dual core symmetric multiprocessor the ADSP BF561 This new
14. hands on exercises A Blackfin seminar is often accompanied by tools and software demonstrations run ning on hardware sometimes by key Analog Devices third party partners Contact your local Analog Devices sales office or distribution partner for information on Blackfin seminars or refer to www analog com processors training index html TechOnLine Seminars If you cannot attend a workshop or seminar check the archive of online Blackfin seminars that Analog Devices offers at www analog com proces sors training workshops onlinetraining html While these online seminars tend to be much shorter than others they offer solid overviews of key software and hardware design topics To access these seminars go to http www techonline com Click the On Demand Webcasts link then search on Blackfin You can also request a copy of the Blackfin seminar and or workshop material from Analog Devices This includes all of the slides associated notes and exercises Contact your local Analog Devices sales office for more information Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 5 Available Support uClinux on the Blackfin Processor 3 Day Workshop This course is an introduction to all aspects of programming with pClinux based on the Blackfin processor STAMP board The course is presented by System Design and Consulting Services in various locations The course covers the following subjects development tools compiler linker Blackfi
15. into your source documents e Bookmark and print topics e Perform a full text search or refine a search with wildcards nested expressions or Boolean operators 3 18 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options The DSP Collaborative The DSP Collaborative is a network of processor DSP third party developers for Analog Devices The DSP Collaborative consists of compa nies all over the world that provide hardware products software products algorithms and design services for a wide variety of applications and mar kets Our partners offer consulting services as well as commercial off the shelf products specifically for parts from Analog Devices To learn more go to http dspcollaborative analog com developers DSP_LearnMore html Technical or Customer Support Access Analog Devices Inc Customer Support in the following ways e Visit the Embedded Processing and DSP Products Web site at http www analog com processors technical Support e E mail tools questions to processor tools support analog co e E mail processor questions to processor support analog com Worldwide support processor europe analog com Europe support processor china analog com China support e Phone questions to 1 800 ANALOGD e Contact your Analog Devices Inc local sales office or authorized distributor Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 19 Available Support e Send questions by mail to Analog Devices
16. processor uses a dual core processor instead of a single core processor and increases performance without switching proces sor architectures In fact by running both processor cores at lower frequencies and lower voltages power consumption is lowered The advantages of this technique are described in Dual Core Processors Add Flexibility on page 1 6 Each Blackfin processor provides unique capabilities while being pin compatible with other Blackfin devices Table 1 1 lists key Blackfin processor specifications View the Blackfin processor selection table online at the Analog Devices Web site at http www analog com blackfin Table 1 1 Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications Feature ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP BF535 BF531 BF532 BF533 BF561 BF536 BF537 BF534 Max Clock 350 400 400 750 600 400 600 500 Speed MHz Memory 308 52 84 148 328 100 132 132 Kbytes External 32 bit 16 bit 16 bit 16 bit 32 bit 16 bit 16 bit 16 bit Memory Bus Parallel No Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Yes Yes Yes Peripheral Interface 1 8 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1 1 Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications Cont d Feature ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP ADSP BF535 BF531 BF532 BF533 BF561 BF536 BF537 BF534 UARTs Timer
17. reference for future ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor designs This manual provides information on the EZ KIT Lite from a program mer s perspective and provides a memory map of the board Blackfin EZ Extender Manual This manual provides example programs to demonstrate the capabilities of the ADSP BF53x EZ Extender board The extender features e OmniVision camera interface e High Speed Converter HSC evaluation board interface Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 17 Available Support e LCD interface e SMT footprint area VisualDSP Help VisualDSP online Help is a powerful search tool It combines the following documents and much more in one place e Complete VisualDSP manual set e Processor hardware manuals and hardware tools manuals e Over 200 hundred technical articles EE Notes The Help system is integrated into VisualDSP s graphical user interface and also provides context information for debugging windows tools and dialog boxes Each task is described in clear step by step detail Best of all VisualDSP Help provides a single access point to just about every processor hardware and tools document produced by Analog Devices Inc The search engine in Help enables you to find information quickly from a two foot deep stack of printed manuals spanning over 10 000 pages VisualDSP Help built around the familiar Microsoft HTML Help standard enables you to e Copy code examples from Help
18. site This Web site also hosts open source application projects based on the STAMP board and daughterboards such as a networked audio media node a networked oscilloscope and a Blackfin XMAME game console Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 31 Evaluation Tools JTAG Emulators JTAG Joint Test Action Group is defined by the IEEE 1149 1 standard for a test access port for testing electronic devices This standard defines a method for serially scanning the I O status of each pin on the device as well as controlling internal operation of the device Boundary scan testing was developed in the mid 1980s as the JTAG inter face to solve physical access problems on PCBs caused by increasingly crowded assemblies due to novel packaging technologies Boundary scan embeds test circuitry at chip level to form a complete board level test pro tocol With boundary scan industry standard IEEE 1149 1 since 1990 you can access the most complex assemblies for testing debugging in system device programming and diagnosing hardware problems Blackfin processors are equipped with a JTAG port and thus support the IEEE 1149 1 standard for system test Through the JTAG port you can run and halt the processor remotely The internal and external processor memory can be read or written and breakpoints can be set Most development boards include some built in JTAG emulation cir cuitry Your own hardware most likely does not contain this cir
19. t sxcscitiianncaceinesestxctincamnrccinentve 3 10 VisualDSP Dogqument ton wis ccssscsnsaccrccserdercsseszacontoreaty 3 11 VisualDSP Getting Started Guide sccsiwcsrccscesiecustacccise 3 12 VisualDS Pes Users Guide ccsciscaradncvessasncersuscarsenncanceeres 3 12 VisualDSP C C Compiler and Library Manual for Blackin PG sarannianranironina 3 12 VisualDSP Assembler and Preprocessor Manual 3 13 VisualDSP Linker and Utilities Manual 3 13 VisualDSP Kernel VDK Users Guide ceeeeees 3 14 VisualDS ss Loader Manual scsssisinscciaccarsaiaerieccuaeoon 3 14 Device Driver and System Service Libraries Manual 3 14 Hardware Tools Documentation sicissesnssivcisissusssvarisvcaveisanass 3 15 Getting Started With the ADSP BF5357 TALTE sonaa 3 15 ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual srcisanesianssgrennimas 3 16 ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Mantal snrocscnsorrecnnens 3 16 ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ec csecsasisctaimnnansoannnee 3 17 ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite Eval ation System Manual sescociicrcccenitmaeriiexenaiesneters 3 17 Blackin EZ Extender Mania cssasswsdoxassassscinsdanacsatennas 3 17 Pe ane Pre Pep rerni aS 3 18 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors vii The DSP Collaborative ccceccceececseeceesecccesscccescecneeceaateceues 3 19 Technical ot Customer SPOTE carisma 3 19 Monno OR an aA EEE N 3 20 E LE a EA E E E N E E E nee 3 20 INDEX
20. you can set breakpoints single step through code view memory fill dump memory perform real time data manipulation profile execution and memory access plot data and use standard I O EZ KIT Lite evaluation systems include a serial number that when regis tered yields full VisualDSP license status for 90 days from the date of installation After 90 days the license changes to restricted status which limits the size of the application that can be built and supports debug agent connectivity only Refer to Software Development on Blackfin Pro cessors on page 2 40 to see where the EZ KIT Lite fits into the phases of program development Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 15 Evaluation Tools Most EZ KIT Lite boards include three expansion connectors configured in the shape of a U Several third party expansion boards connect to the EZ KIT Lite board via these connectors See the EZ KIT Lite Expansion Boards on page 2 26 for details The following sections briefly describe EZ KIT Lite development systems that are currently available for Blackfin processors 2 16 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite From Analog Devices Inc Part Number ADDS BF533 EZLITE Figure 2 3 ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System The ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system as shown in Figure 2 3 provides developers with a cost effective method for initial evaluati
21. your PC to the actual processor target board An emulator enables application software to be downloaded and debugged from within VisualDSP Emulator software performs the communica tions that enables you to see how your DSP code affects DSP performance Evaluation Tools This section examines the process through which Blackfin processor applications are developed Various tools are used at each stage Typical application development occurs over multiple stages Most users acquire a set of software development tools first The software development tools run on a PC and provide code generation and debug utilities such as a compiler assembler linker simulator debugger and libraries Selecting appropriate software involves e Selecting Software Development Tools on page 2 4 e Deciding Whether or Not to Use an RTOS on page 2 12 Optionally users acquire a hardware tool to begin testing the application on a Blackfin processor Development boards typically provide expansion headers allowing you to prototype basic hardware without customized user hardware Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 3 Evaluation Tools Selecting Software Development Tools provides a summary of the available software development tools for Blackfin processors Most devel opment tools available for Blackfin processors provide a cycle accurate simulator which can develop initial algorithms and applications without the actual hardware
22. 2 4 e Deciding Whether or Not to Use an RTOS on page 2 12 e Selecting the Right Combination of Tools on page 2 39 DSP Project Development Stages The typical project includes three phases simulation evaluation and emulation These phases are shown in Figure 2 1 You use VisualDSP during both simulation and emulation Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 1 DSP Project Development Stages SIMULATION NO HARDWARE REQUIRED EVALUATION EMULATION Figure 2 1 Project Development Stages Simulation Project development typically begins in a simulation environment while hardware engineers are developing the new hardware cell phone com puter and so on Simulation mimics system memory and I O which enables portions of the target system hardware to be viewed A simulator is software that mimics the behavior of a DSP chip Running VisualDSP with a simulation target without a physical processor enables you to build edit and debug your DSP program before a DSP chip is manufactured 2 2 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Evaluation Use an EZ KIT Lite evaluation system in your project s early planning stages to determine the processor that best fits your needs Your PC con nects to the EZ KIT Lite board via a cable which enables you to monitor processor behavior Emulation Once the hardware is ready move directly to a JTAG emulator the hardware that connects
23. 300 MHz Texas Instruments TMS320C64x 1 GHz 9130 For one core BDTIsimMark2000 scores may be based on t Benchmarked with 24 bit fixed point data all other processors benchmarked with 16 bit fixed point data projected clock speeds For informat i t Projected www BDTI com benchmarks html Figure 1 6 BDTI Comparisons as of November 2004 Processor Speed 1 18 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Agere Systems DSP164xx ADI ADSP 218x ADI ADSP 219x ADI ADSP BF5xx Blackfin ADI ADSP TS201S TigerSHARC ADI ADSP TS202S 203S TigerSHARC Freescale DSP563xx Freescale DSP56F8xx Freescale DSP5685x MC56F83xx Freescale MSC71xx SC1400 Freescale MSC81xx SC140 Intel PXA255 PXA26x XScale Intel PXA27x XScale Wireless MMX LSI Logic LS140x ZSP400 NEC uPD77050 SPXK5 Renesas SH76xx SH2 DSP Renesas SH772x SH3 DSP Texas Instruments TMS320C54x Texas Instruments TMS320C55x Texas Instruments TMS320C62x Texas Instruments TMS320C64x For one core Updated September 2004 Copyright 2004 Berkeley Design Technology Inc Contact BDTI for authorization to publish BDTimemMark2000 scores 48 t Benchmarked with 24 bit fixed point data all other processors benchmarked with 16 bit fixed point data Introduction BDTImemMark2000 Scores for Fixed Point Packaged Processors 68 65 63 71 52 52 50t 78 79 67 67 68 67 74 65 70 70 64 75 53 Figure 1 7 BDTI Memory Use Scores as of September
24. 5 assembly language 3 7 audio algorithms 1 23 Automation API 2 7 AV EZ CONNECT card 2 28 B background telemetry channels 2 8 BDTI 1 15 benchmarks BDTI 1 15 EEMBG 1 20 processor algorithms 1 23 URL showing Blackfin performance l 22 Berkeley Design Technology Incorporated BDTI 1 15 Blackfin application development 2 3 2 40 architecture 1 2 1 10 core 1 10 data sheets 3 9 dual core devices 1 6 EZ Extender 3 17 interfaces 1 10 optimization 1 5 power management 1 13 scalability 1 12 selection information 3 2 specifications 1 8 3 9 speed 1 11 training 3 4 uClinux support 2 14 Blackfin EZ Extender 2 26 3 17 BSDL files 3 10 BTC 2 8 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors I 1 INDEX C cache memory controller support 1 4 cache visualization 2 9 C C compiler 2 9 3 12 code density Blackfin benefit 1 5 comparative graphic 1 21 compiler 1 24 code examples Analog Devices benchmarks 1 23 EZ KIT Lite 1 23 compiled simulation 2 9 compiler C C 2 9 code density 1 24 compiled simulation 2 9 Green Hills Software 2 11 manual 3 12 program guided optimization 2 8 convolution 1 23 courses 3 4 CrossC ore tools documentation 3 11 customer support 3 19 D data sheets 3 9 debugging tools 2 6 device drivers 1 24 discrete cosine functions 1 23 documentation hardware tools 3 15 processor 3 6 VisualDSP 3 11 DSP See processors DSP Collaborative 3
25. Expansion Boards EZ KIT Lite expansion boards enhance and extend EZ KIT Lite features and functionalities EZ KIT Lite expansion boards are currently available Blackfin EZ Extender Figure 2 7 Blackfin EZ Extender The Blackfin EZ Extender as shown in Figure 2 7 is a separately sold assembly that plugs into an ADSP BF53x EZ KIT Lite evaluation sys tem s expansion interface The extender aids the design and prototyping phases of ADSP BF53x Blackfin processor targeted applications 2 26 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process The board extends the capabilities of the EZ KIT Lite evaluation system by providing a connection between the Parallel Peripheral Interface PPI of the ADSP BF53x EZ KIT Lite board an Analog Devices High Speed Converter HSC evaluation board an OmniVision camera evaluation board and an LCD display device Moreover the extender broadens the range of EZ KIT Lite applications by providing surface mounted SMT footprints for breadboard capabilities and access to all pins on the EZ KIT Lite board s expansion interface The Blackfin EZ Extender features e OmniVision camera interface e High Speed Converter HSC evaluation board interface e LCD interface e SMT footprint area Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 27 Evaluation Tools ADDS USBLAN EZEXT Card Figure 2 8 ADDS USBLAN EZEXT Card The ADDS USBLAN EZEXT card as shown in Figure 2 8 provides a s
26. From Analog Devices Ine scccsssscarcssssavcsnsssancs 2 4 MULTI Integrated Development Environment 2 10 GNU Tool Chain for Blackfin Processor s es 2 11 Summary Software Development Tools saser sririzinenires 2 12 Deciding Whether oc Not to Use an RTOS scieiccsenscscerens 2 12 VOR Yersusa Thid Pary RTOS ccccarsinasixoniassancisantoveneannas 2 13 AME Ue A A E AN AE A 2 14 Selecting Hardware Development Tools 1 cisnssvoocedsscsicensscsorey 2 15 iv Getting Started With Blackfin Processors EZ KIT Lite Eyaluation Systeme ciniicrcxcteetwriceeneeeans 2 15 ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite From Analog Devices JOC siti ciccicscatinvicaseedeccaseoniias 2 17 ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite Promi Anelog Deriocs TMe ccanterennadinasmines 2 20 ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite From Analog Devices JOC coticcicssercsisitistsaniarsinianecsiesns 2 22 ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite From Analog Devices M ecncirnnn 2 24 EZ KIT Lite Expansion Boards seierssenvineerominitaroeni 2 26 Blackin EZ Estender secscreatnieenarento iniiai 2 26 ADDS USBLAN EZEXT ated sncissecacesieerescnamrmniencrs 2 28 ADDS BRAVE Len Card correia 2 30 ADSP BF533 STAMP G0 sicvcessansiarnavsncaenanmnetvarsens 2 31 TAG Em nS acdc desi ees 2 32 High Performance USB 2 0 JTAG Emulator 2 33 USB L1 JTAG Be MOE ciiotinincdinenciededeuamenaiineas 2 35 High Performance PCI JTAG Emulator sesossssisiisss 2 37 Selecting the Right Combination of Tools ccxcaceceerssseererneences 2 39 A ae ta eee ees 2
27. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Revision 2 0 September 2005 Part Number 82 000850 01 Analog Devices Inc One Technology Way ANALOG Norwood Mass 02062 9106 DEVICES Copyright Information 2005 Analog Devices Inc ALL RIGHTS RESERVED This document may not be reproduced in any form without prior express written consent from Analog Devices Inc Printed in the USA Disclaimer Analog Devices Inc reserves the right to change this product without prior notice Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable However no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use No license is granted by impli cation or otherwise under the patent rights of Analog Devices Inc Trademark and Service Mark Notice The Analog Devices logo Blackfin the Blackfin logo CrossCore EZ KIT Lite SHARC TigerSHARC and VisualDSP are registered trademarks of Analog Devices Inc The DSP Collaborative is a trademark of Analog Devices Inc All other brand and product names are trademarks or service marks of their respective owners CONTENTS PREFACE Purpose ot This Manual acciniinicasdscccsadsriinataruenen adiinalaiasiaiainbieanes ix Dremded ORO cages S ix Moal ES ean A ESEE X S hste New m This Manual csgnosnssianemenseenna Ra x Sopporred Troctss DIS onaren n nin ia EAS EEA odaaee xX
28. Inc One Technology Way P O Box 9106 Norwood MA 02062 9106 USA MyAnalog com MyAnalog com is a free feature of the Analog Devices Web site that allows customization of a Web page to display only the latest information on products you are interested in You can also choose to receive weekly e mail notifications containing updates to the Web pages that meet your interests MyAnalog com provides access to books application notes data sheets code examples and more Be sure to enable the weekly automatic notification feature These mail ings are especially important as they notify you of processor anomalies and errata Registration Visit www myanalog com to sign up Click Register to use MyAnalog com Registration takes about five minutes and serves as a means to select the information you want to receive If you are already a registered user just log on Your user name is your e mail address 3 20 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors INDEX A ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system 2 17 3 16 3 17 STAMP uClinux kernel board 2 31 ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system 2 20 2 24 3 15 3 16 ADSP BF561 application development 3 13 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system 2 22 3 17 algorithms 1 23 anomalies lists 3 9 application development ADSP BF561 3 13 stages of 2 3 typical flow 2 40 application notes 3 3 applications control 1 4 signal processing 1 4 assembler 2 9 3 13 assembly coding 1
29. Lite In addition the manual describes the operation and configuration of the evaluation board s components Finally a schematic and a bill of materials are pro vided as a reference for future ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor board designs 3 16 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options This manual provides information on the EZ KIT Lite from a program mer s perspective and provides a memory map of the board ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual This manual provides instructions for using the hardware and installing the software on your PC This manual also provides guidelines for run ning your own code on the ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite In addition the manual describes the operation and configuration of the evaluation board s components Finally a schematic and a bill of materials are pro vided as a reference for future ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor board designs This manual provides information on the EZ KIT Lite from a program mer s perspective and provides a memory map of the board ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual This manual provides instructions for using the hardware and installing the software on your PC This manual also provides guidelines for run ning your own code on the ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite board In addition the manual describes the operation and configuration of the evaluation board s components Finally a schematic and a bill of materials are pro vided as a
30. Micron Omnivision and Kodak The ADDS BFAV EZEXT card is a compact board that connects directly to an EZ KIT Lite board 2 30 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process ADSP BF533 STAMP Board The ADSP BF533 STAMP pClinux kernel board support package pro vides a cost effective environment to develop embedded systems around ADSP BF533 Blackfin processors The STAMP board is specifically designed to support the development and porting of open source pClinux applications and includes the full complement of memory along with serial and network interfaces A variety of available daughterboards plug into this board adding interface functions such as audio video and ana log input or output Besides an ADSP BF533 500 MHz Blackfin processor the board includes e 128 MB SDRAM 64M x 16 bits e 4 MB FLASH memory e SMSC LAN9I1C111 Ethernet MAC PHY e RS 232 serial interface e I O connectors for these Blackfin peripherals PPI SPORTO and SPORT1 SPI timers IRDA and two wire interface e JTAG interface for debug and FLASH programming e Three LEDs and three push buttons Together with the ADSP BF533 STAMP development board the package includes a recent copy of the open source development tools GCC 3 x and the pClinux 2 6 x kernel It also includes a CD with documentation and the board schematics Gerbers and layout files The latest version of all the tools can be found on the http blackfin uclinux org Web
31. Services Library This manual describes how applications can use the System Services Library to control the Blackfin processor s dynamic power management capabilities control external asynchronous and synchronous memories and manage interrupt processing The manual also describes how applica tions can utilize the services of the DMA and callback to easily schedule both peripheral and memory DMA transfers and defer non critical event driven processing to a lower priority Details on the APIs for the system services are provided as well as examples that demonstrate how applications can leverage these services Hardware Tools Documentation Each hardware tool EZ KIT Lite evaluation system emulator AV extender card EZ CONNECTI1 card or STAMP board available from Analog Devices includes electronic and printed documentation Typically this documentation includes schematics a short description of switch and jumper settings and a bill of materials Printed documentation accompa nies the purchase of hardware Download electronic versions of the documentation PDF format from the following Web page http www analog com Processors Processors blackfin technicalL ibrary manuals blackfinIndex html Evaluation 20Kit 20Manuals Getting Started With the ADSP BF5357 EZ KIT Lite This manual provides exercises for the ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor while working within the VisualDSP development system In half a day you can e Connect the E
32. T Lite From Analog Devices Inc Part Number ADDS BF535 EZLITE ul WWMM ADSP 21535 EZ KIT LI f DESIGNED BY ANALOG DEVIC Figure 2 6 ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System The ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system as shown in Figure 2 6 provides developers with a cost effective method for initial evaluation of the ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor The EZ KIT Lite includes an ADSP BF535 Blackfin processor desktop evaluation board and fundamental debugging software to facilitate architecture evaluations via a USB based PC hosted tool set With this EZ KIT Lite users can learn more about ADSP BF535 Blackfin processor hardware and software 2 24 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process development and prototype applications The ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite provides an evaluation suite of the VisualDSP development environ ment with the C C compiler assembler and linker All software tools are limited to use with the EZ KIT Lite Features ADSP BF535 Blackfin processor 1280neMB SDRAM 4M x 32 bits 272K x 16 FLASH memory FlashLINK Connector for FLASH memory programming Real time clock USB based debugger interface JTAG ICE 14 pin header SPORTO connector Evaluation suite of VisualDSP Four LEDs connected to DSP Programmable Flags CE certified Supports standalone operation Four programmable flags Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 25 Evaluation Tools EZ KIT Lite
33. With VisualDSP VisualDSP includes scores of examples built for Blackfin processors One folder contains programs for signal processing overlays scripting VDK BTC and more Another folder provides example programs that run on EZ KIT Lite evaluation systems The programs help you learn about processor core and peripherals audio effects signal processing video and graphics kernel and operating sys tems and automation and scripting Device Drivers and System Services Powerful system services are available to applications through the System Services Library which can be used to control the Blackfin processor s dynamic power management capabilities as well as control external asyn chronous and synchronous memories and manage interrupt processing Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 23 Benchmarking Processors Applications can utilize the services of the DMA and callback services to easily schedule both peripheral and memory DMA transfers and defer non critical event driven processing to a lower priority Blackfin Processor Compiler and Code Density Blackfin processors coupled with the powerful new VisualDSP software development tools now make it possible to develop code in C C more easily and efficiently than before The high MIPS availability from the core processor allows for initial versions of software to be compiled and run on the processor much earlier in the design cycle thus allowing for quicker
34. Z KIT Lite to your PC and write your first program e Measure the performance and the impact of memory hierarchy and voltage on performance Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 15 Available Support e Use the TCP IP peripheral of the ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor e Connect to your network and build the LwIP stack tailored to your application e Create a Caesar Cipher application using VDK and LwIP e Connect to the application with telnet e Create an audio talk through application with TCP IP e Change the audio and control volume via telnet e Change clock frequency via telnet ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual This manual provides instructions for using the hardware and installing the software on your PC This manual also provides guidelines for run ning your own code on the ADSP BF535 EZ KIT Lite In addition the manual describes the operation and configuration of the evaluation board s components Finally a schematic and a bill of materials are pro vided as a reference for future ADSP BF535 Blackfin processor board designs This manual provides information on the EZ KIT Lite from a program mer s perspective and provides an easy to access memory map of the board ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual This manual provides instructions for using the hardware and installing the software on your PC This manual also provides guidelines for run ning your own code on the ADSP BF533 EZ KIT
35. al is generic Information applicable to a particular target processor or to a particular processor family is provided in Appendix A Processor Specific Notes This man ual explains the kernel internal structure and operation VisualDSP Loader Manual This manual contains information on how to use the loader splitter to convert executable files into boot loadable or non bootable files These files are then programmed burned into an external memory device within your target system The manual begins by examining where loading splitting fits in the typical program development activities It discusses boot modes boot streams and second stage kernels This manual contains the details you need to know about booting each particular subfamily of Blackfin processors Device Driver and System Service Libraries Manual This manual describes device drivers and system services Included is an overview and detailed description of the device driver model It covers the device driver API and the various data flow methods that devices use to transfer data into and out of the processor Included are examples of both DMA driven and interrupt driven drivers and tutorials that show how to quickly write efficient device drivers that comply with the model 3 14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options Also included in this manual are the details of powerful system services that are available to applications through the System
36. als is listed on the Analog Devices Web site with the actual manual to which it pertains If you are looking for document errata for a manual hardware reference instruction set 3 8 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options reference and so on the errata is posted as if it is another chapter in the manual at http www analog com Processors Processors blackfin technicalL ibrary manuals blackfinIndex html Data Sheets Data sheets are created for each Blackfin processor and for each release of a single product Each Blackfin processor data sheet provides e A high level overview of the processor e A description of processor pins e Electrical power and timing characteristics requirements e Device package dimensions e Environmental temperature information To obtain data sheets for Blackfin processors open your browser and access http www analog com processors processors blackfin dataSheets html Anomalies Lists for Processors and Tools Analog Devices maintains an anomalies list for each subfamily of Blackfin processors and also maintains an anomalies list for tools These lists are updated as new information becomes available Processor anomalies represent the currently known differences between revisions of Blackfin devices and the functionality specified in the Blackfin processor data sheets and hardware manuals A revision number with the form x x is branded on all parts to identify t
37. anual contains information about the C C compiler and runtime libraries for Blackfin processors The manual provides information on compiler options language exten sions and C C assembly interfacing and shows how to optimize compiler operation It explains how to use library functions and provides a complete C C library function reference 3 12 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options The manual describes the DSP runtime library which contains a broad collection of functions commonly required by signal processing applica tions The services provided by the DSP runtime library include support for general purpose signal processing such as companders filters and Fast Fourier Transform FFT functions All these services are Analog Devices extensions to ANSI standard C These functions are in addition to the C C runtime library functions The manual describes the ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor architecture as compared to the ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor and then describes two approaches to application development using VisualDSP and offers guidelines for developing systems on the ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor VisualDSP Assembler and Preprocessor Manual This manual focuses on assembly programming for Blackfin processors that support a Media Instruction Set Computing MISC architecture The manual provides how to information for writing assembly programs for Blackfin processors and reference informati
38. anuals Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 7 Available Support The VisualDSP Help system also includes a searchable version of the instruction set reference so you can locate information quickly Starting in mid 2005 the processor core and instruction set which is common to all Blackfin processors will be documented in a programming reference manual PRM This new manual will take the place of the Blackfin Processor Instruction Set Reference Hardware reference manuals will continue to describe the peripherals unique to that processor s subfamily You can find the Blackfin processor instruction set reference at http www analog com Processors Processors blackfin technicalL ibrary manuals blackfinIndex html Processor 20Manuals Printed Manuals Printed copies of processor manuals such as hardware reference instruc tion set reference and programming reference manuals may be ordered from the Analog Devices Literature Center at 800 ANALOGD 800 262 5643 When ordering hard copy documentation specify the manual s title or product number located on the manual s back cover Downloadable Manuals While users may want printed versions of manuals PDF versions of these manuals are also readily available These may be downloaded from the Analog Devices Web site Open your browser and access www analog com processors resources technicalLibrary manuals Documentation Errata Documentation errata for manu
39. ation Process This chapter focuses on available software and hardware tools e Chapter 3 Support Options This chapter describes support documentation training and more available during the evaluation and development processes What s New in This Manual Revision 2 0 of Getting Started With Blackfin Processors corrects typographical errors and updates e mail contact addresses Also two BDTI graphics Figures 1 6 and 1 7 have been corrected Supported Processors The name Blackfin refers to a family of 16 32 bit processors As of January 2005 VisualDSP supports the following Blackfin processors ADSP BF531 ADSP BF532 ADSP BF533 ADSP BF535 ADSP BF561 ADSP BF534 ADSP BF536 ADSP BF537 x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Preface The list of supported Blackfin processors is subject to change For a com plete and up to date listing of Blackfin processors refer to www analog com blackfin Getting Started With Blackfin Processors xi Supported Processors xii Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter briefly describes the Blackfin processor s architecture and key features and compares available models Topics include e What are Blackfin Processors on page 1 1 e Blackfin Processor Features on page 1 10 e Benchmarking Processors on page 1 14 What are Blackfin Processors Blackfin processors embody a new type of 16 32 bit embedded process
40. bugging multiple proces sors on the same hardware You can easily issue parallel step run and halt commands to all of the applicable processors Developers can easily pick and choose individual processor registers or memory sets of interest by pinning those that should be updated between runs halts and steps This feature also eliminates screen clutter in multiple processor debugging Background Telemetry Channel Support The Background Telemetry Channel BTC feature is a mechanism for exchanging data between a host and a target application with minimal intrusion on the target sys tem s real time characteristics and minimal addition to development and Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 7 Evaluation Tools debugging time BTC enables real time data collection and status messag ing eliminating the overhead involved with halting the target application getting the desired information and then restarting the target application You can benefit from BTC directly within the IDDE plot window if your targets support BTC In this case the plot window reads the target s mem ory contents on a user defined time interval and upon receipt of the data converts them to the desired data type and updates the plot display for you to view and analyze immediately Statistical Profiling Statistical profiling allows for a more generalized form of profiling of which JTAG emulator debugging targets can take advantage The debugger can un
41. cessor employs discrete and often different tasks that run on each of the cores For example one core might perform all of the control related tasks such as graphics and overlay functionality network ing interfacing to bulk storage and overall flow control This core is also where the operating system or kernel most likely resides Meanwhile the second core is dedicated to the application s high intensity processing functions For example compressed data packets might be transferred over a network interface to the first core for preprocessing and then passed to the second core for audio and video decoding Figure 1 2 shows a block diagram of a typical dual core processor The use of a dual core processor is preferred for designs built by separate software development teams The ability to segment these types of func tions allows a parallel design process eliminating critical path dependencies in the project This programming model also aids the testing and validation phases of the project For example a code change on one core does not necessarily invalidate the testing efforts already completed on the other core 1 6 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction JTAG TEST EMULATION IRQ CONTROL lt gt WATCH DOG K gt TIMER lt gt VOLTAGE YY REGULATOR li L1 L1 gt d L1 L2 SRAI INSTRUCTIONK gt mmu gt DATA INSTRUCTION lt gt mmu gt MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY SPORTO lt p
42. ckfinIndex html Software 20Manuals VisualDSP Help incorporates a searchable version of the VisualDSP manual set plus processor documentation and other tools manuals See VisualDSP Help on page 3 18 for details Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 11 Available Support VisualDSP Getting Started Guide This manual provides step by step 15 minute tutorials that highlight VisualDSP features By completing the tutorials users can become familiar with the VisualDSP environment quickly and see how easy it is to use several tools in your own digital signal processing DSP develop ment projects This manual and accompanying software provide an excellent starting point to gain a high level of understanding of the VisualDSP suite of project management and application development tools VisualDSP User s Guide This manual describes the features components and functions of the VisualDSP integrated development and debugging environment IDDE It covers license management project management code devel opment debugging tools VDK and much more Use this high level reference to delve further into the powerful features of VisualDSP In addition to describing the user interface s main window and debugging windows this manual also describes simulation and tools that allow you to view the Blackfin processor s pipeline VisualDSP C C Compiler and Library Manual for Blackfin Processors This m
43. cuitry 2 32 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process High Performance USB 2 0 JTAG Emulator Part Number ADDS HPUSB Availability Now Figure 2 10 High Performance USB 2 0 JTAG Emulator The Analog Devices high speed high performance Universal Serial Bus based emulator HP USB as shown in Figure 2 10 provides a porta ble non intrusive target based debugging solution for Analog Devices JTAG processors These easy to use USB based emulators perform a wide range of emulation functions including single step and full speed execution with predefined breakpoints and viewing and or altering of register and memory contents With the ability to automatically detect and support multiple I O volt ages the HP USB emulator enables you to communicate with all of the Analog Devices JTAG processors using a full speed USB 1 0 or high speed USB 2 0 port on the host PC Applications and data can be tested and transferred easily and rapidly when the HP USB emulator is connected to a high speed USB 2 0 port on your host PC between the emulators and the separately available Visu alDSP development and debugging environment Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 33 Evaluation Tools The plug and play architecture of USB allows the emulators to be auto matically detected and configured by the host operating system It can also be connected to and disconnected from the host without opening the PC o
44. cus on a very narrow or specific topic Articles are grouped under the headings Processor Specific Tools Specific and Application Hints Note that you can also use VisualDSP Help to search locate and view this collection of articles as well as the entire list of all EE Notes Additional links are provided to recent articles many of which have been featured in trade magazines Please point your browser to www analog com ee notes Communities Related Information For information about application specific development types communi ties refer to the Communities topic at the Blackfin processor Web site Here you can find information about a particular application theme such as automotive telematics or video imaging Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 3 Available Support Platforms Related Information When information about the Blackfin processor and its use with other hardware or software solutions becomes available we refer to that as Plat form Related Information Refer to the Platform Related topic for this information Workshops and Seminars The most efficient way to learn about the Blackfin processor architecture is by attending a 31 day or 1 day Blackfin seminar which provides a mixture of lectures and demonstrations The 32 day workshop provides hands on exercises and serves as an excellent starting point for both hard ware and software development However a va
45. dded C It runs on Windows Linux and UNIX hosts and 2 10 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process supports remote debugging to a variety of target environments MULTI provides a direct graphical interface with all Green Hills Software compil ers and it supports multi language development and debugging MULTI contains all of the tools needed to complete a major programming project Project Builder Source Level Debugger EventAnalyzer Performance Profiler Run Time Error Checking Code Coverage Analysis Graphical Browser Text Editor and Version Control System The MULTI tool chain is designed to support application development that has more microcontroller code than DSP code The Green Hills compiler is optimized for control code and the VisualDSP compiler is optimized for DSP and high performance Information on this development tool chain can be found on the Web at http www ghs com products blackfin_development html GNU Tool Chain for Blackfin Processor Existing ports for the ADSP BF535 and ADSP BF531 532 533 processors can be downloaded at no cost from www blackfin uclinux org The open source GNU Tool Chain has been ported to the ADSP BF533 processor and can be downloaded from http www blackfin uclinux org The latest release can be downloaded from the CVS tree or from the files section of the GNU Tool CShain project The community of open source developers for the Blackf
46. devices entitled ADSP BF537 Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference Each subsequent subfamily of Blackfin processors will have a unique manual to describe its particular architecture and peripherals Before a processor is released to production its hardware reference manual is available only in electronic form as a PDF file After it is released the manual is available in both electronic form and as a printed manual The VisualDSP Help system also includes a copy of each hardware reference manual and provides powerful search facilities to help you locate information You can find Blackfin processor hardware reference manuals at http www analog com Processors Processors blackfin technicalL ibrary manuals blackfinIndex html Processor 20Manuals Instruction Set Reference The instruction set reference contains information about the processor architecture and assembly language for Blackfin processors The manual provides information on how assembly instructions execute on the Black fin processor s architecture along with reference information about processor operations If you intend to program in C only this document is of no value to you However if you intend to author some assembly code obtain this book Before a processor is released to production its instruction set reference ISR is available only in electronic form as a PDF file After it is released the manual is available in both electronic form and as a printed m
47. dio codec By utilizing the on board ADV7183A advanced 10 bit video decoder and ADV7179 chip scale NTSC PAL video encoder you can evaluate video applications such as simultaneous input and output video processing enabled by the dual core architecture of the ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor Use this 2 22 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process development system to learn more about ADSP BF561Blackfin processor hardware and software development and to quickly prototype applications The EZ KIT Lite includes an ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor desktop evaluation board along with an evaluation suite of the VisualDSP devel opment and debugging environment with the C C compiler assembler and linker It also includes sample processor application programs a CE approved power supply and a USB cable Features ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor 64 MB 16M x 16 bits x 2 chips SDRAM 8 MB 4M x 16 bits FLASH memory AD1836 A Analog Devices 96 kHz audio codec Five push buttons with debounce logic one reset and four pro grammable flags USB based debugger interface JTAG ICE 14 pin header SPORTO connector Evaluation suite of VisualDSP Twenty LEDs one power green one board reset red one USB red sixteen general purpose amber and one USB monitor amber CE certified Supports standalone operation Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 23 Evaluation Tools ADSP BF535 EZ KI
48. duction common fear is that non real time tasks interfere with hard real time tasks For instance programmers who handle tasks such as the graphical user interface GUI or the networking stack should not have to worry about hampering the system s real time signal processing activities Of course the definition of real time varies based on the specific application In an embedded application the focus is on the time required to service an interrupt For this purpose assume there is a time frame of less than 10 microseconds between an interrupt and the time that the system context is saved at the start of the service routine With the introduction of the Blackfin processors a C C centric unified code base can be realized This enables developers to leverage enormous amounts of existing application code developed from previous efforts Because Blackfin processors are optimized for both control and signal pro cessing operations compilers can generate code that is both tight from a code density standpoint and efficient for computationally intensive sig nal processing applications Of course for veteran programmers targeted assembly coding is still an option for optimizing critical processing loops Operating system OS support is also key Several layers of tasking can be realized by supporting an operating system or real time kernel An inter rupt controller that supports multiple priority levels is needed to ensure that targeted per
49. e approximately half the power of its closest competition In a comparison to similar processors Figure 1 4 illustrates how efficiently a Blackfin pro cessor conserves power At 600 MHz the processor core dissipates only 280 mW of power How ever at 300 MHz this drops to 90 mW and at 200 MHz to around 50 mW Measurements are based on a 75 dual MAC 25 ADD moderate data load By using the on chip power management features programmable voltage regulator and PLL and low power modes you can maximize battery life by using only as much processing power as required Figure 1 5 shows a 43 power gain from using a Blackfin processor in comparison to competitor s processors Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 13 Benchmarking Processors EA ADSP BF533 250 TI 5502 1 E TI 5510 2x PERFORMANCE AT SAME POWER LEVEL 50 OF POWER 300 MHz 200 150 POWER mW lt _ 100 Ve r4 30 OF POWER 200 MHz 50 0 200 400 600 800 FREQUENCY MHz Figure 1 4 Conserving Power Low Cost Blackfin processors are priced starting at 4 95 each in 10K unit quanti ties for 400 MHz operation At this price point Blackfin processors offer unprecedented processing power for the cost Benchmarking Processors When evaluating processors it can be confusing to look at data sheets and compare the specifications We recommend that you refer to the findings of independent groups who evaluate
50. e Evaluation Process Ten LEDs one power one board reset one USB reset one USB monitor and six general purpose Five push buttons with debounce logic one reset four programma ble flags Three 90 pin connectors providing PPI SPI EBIU Timers0 2 UART Programmable Flags PORTO and SPORT1 expansion interfaces for analyzing and interfacing CE certified Supports standalone operation The ADSP BF531 ADSP BF532 and ADSP BF533 Blackfin processors which are pin compatible have similar memory maps The ADSP BF532 is a memory subset of the ADSP BF533 and the ADSP BF531 is a mem ory subset of the ADSP BF532 Software development for any of these devices can be performed on the ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor Thus this EZ KIT Lite evaluation system may be used for any of these devices Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 19 Evaluation Tools ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite From Analog Devices Inc Part Number ADDS BF537 EZLITE Figure 2 4 ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System The ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite evaluation system as shown in provides developers with a cost effective method for initial evaluation of the ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor The EZ KIT Lite includes an ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor desktop evaluation board and fundamental debugging software to facilitate architecture evaluations via a USB based PC hosted tool set With this EZ KIT Lite users can learn more about ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor ha
51. eed Figure 1 7 examines memory use Clearly Black fin processors are highly competitive To learn more about the BDTI Benchmarks and find out how Blackfin processors perform against the competition go to the following BDTI Web page http www BDTI com benchmarks html l Excerpted from http www bdti com benchmarks html 2004 BDTI Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 17 Benchmarking Processors BDTImark2000 BDTIsimMark2000 Scores for Fixed Point Packaged Processors Updated November 2004 Copyright 2004 Berkeley Design Technology Inc Contact BDTI for authorization to publish BDTimark2000 BDTIsimMark2000 scores Agere Systems DSP164xx 285 MHz ADI ADSP 218x 80 MHz ADI ADSP 219x 160 MHz ADI ADSP BF5xx Blackfin 750 MHz E BDTImark2000 E BDTisimMark2000 6400 ADI ADSP TS201S TigerSHARC 600 MHz ADI ADSP TS202S 203S TigerSHARC 500 MHz Freescale DSP563xx 275 MHz Freescale DSP56F8xx 80 MHz Freescale DSP5685x MC56F83xx 120 MHz Freescale MSC71xx SC1400 200 MHz Freescale MSC81xx SC 140 400 MHz Freescale MSC81xx SC140 500 MHz Intel PXA255 PXA26x XScale 400 MHz Intel PXA27x XScale Wireless MMX 624 MHz LSI Logic LSI40x ZSP400 200 MHz NEC uPD77050 SPXKS5 250 MHz Renesas SH76xx SH2 DSP 100 MHz Renesas SH772x SH3 DSP 200 MHz Texas Instruments TMS320C54x 160 MHz Texas Instruments TMS320C55x 300 MHz Texas Instruments TMS320C62x
52. ent The IDDE provides robust and flexible project management for the development of applications and includes access to all of the activities necessary to create and debug projects It enables you to open and switch between multiple projects in the same session A project group that contains any number of projects can be saved to a file so that the same set of projects can be conveniently opened in any other work space at a later time Time Saving Debugger The VisualDSP debugger has a user friendly common interface to simulators and emulators available from Analog Devices and participating third parties In addition the debugger has many features that greatly reduce debugging time You can view C C source code interspersed with the resulting assembly code profile execu tion of a range of instructions in a program set watchpoints on hardware view program and data memory and trace instruction execution and memory accesses These time saving features enable you to correct coding errors identify bottlenecks and examine signal processor performance all within the debugger Also when used with the simulator the debugger can generate inputs outputs and interrupts to simulate real world appli cation conditions and provide better insight in tuning code performance 2 6 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process VisualDSP Kernel The VisualDSP Kernel VDK provides state of the art scheduling and resource all
53. eported by third parties Figure 1 3 shows a chart that demonstrates power consumption versus speed for ADSP BF561 Blackfin processors and various devices System developers can leverage the wide range of performance options available with Blackfin processors Lower frequency signal core devices scale up to high frequency high bandwidth dual core devices Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 11 Blackfin Processor Features TEXAS INSTRUMENTS iiti TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TMS3206414 720 MHz TMS320VC5502 300 MHz E 1200 7 MOTOROLA mw TEXAS INSTRUMENTS POWER mW 320DM642 600 a Pa EA lla DEVICES TEXAS INSTRUMENTS MSC8103 300 MHz 1000 TMS320VC5509A 4 200 MHz 4 Li Li gt 800 MOTOROLA po BUCK og pe ADSP BF561 soo DSPS6371 a a k ANALOG DEVICES 750MHz 180 MHz r a ADSP EA o l L 750MHz 400 att ya EE Z Pas 200 1 4 1600 3000 3400 0 200 600 1000 1400 1800 2200 MMACs Figure 1 3 Power Consumption Versus Speed for Various Devices ADSP BF561 Blackfin processors provide additional options for power management Because this symmetric processor contains two identical cores traditional processing intensive applications can be split equally to run on each of the two cores In this model code running on each core is identical only the data being processed is different In a channel stream ing application the first core processes half of the channels and the other core processes the
54. es 3 3 training 3 4 U uClinux 2 14 2 31 3 6 USB 1 1 JTAG Emulator 2 35 V VDK defined 2 7 3 14 versus a third party RTOS 2 13 video processing 1 2 VisualDSP documentation 3 11 features 2 4 Help 3 18 kernel VDK 2 7 project development 2 1 W workshops 3 4 1 4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors
55. etting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Cache Visualization Cache statistics such as Total Cache Accesses Cache Hits and Cache Misses are associated with both the PC Source Line and the Cache Line Set and are collected by the simulator Once these statis tics are collected you have the option to easily view and analyze them in the following formats Histogram by PC Source Line Cache Line Dis play where hit miss data is associated by Cache Line Set way and Summary Display of cache hits misses Pipeline Viewer The Pipeline Viewer is an ActiveX plug in for the IDDE that allows you to easily view the instruction flow through the sequencer s pipeline Stalls aborts and other pipeline events are graphically repre sented in an easy to read format for the developer Visualization of the pipeline and of the events that occur within it allows you to better understand where and why latencies and stalls are being introduced into an executable files Armed with this knowledge you can effectively and efficiently optimize an executable s instruction sequence to minimize the number of undesirable pipeline events Compiled Simulation Traditionally a standard simulator fetches decodes and then simulates each instruction that an application executes For effort sensitive and time sensitive users this approach is inefficient and costly as each time an instruction is executed it must be decoded first With compiled
56. formance is still achievable Context switching must be attainable through hardware based stack and frame pointer support This enables developers to create systems that include both worlds control and real time signal processing on the same device In addition the Blackfin processors memory management facility permits OS support for memory protection This allows one task via a paging mechanism to block memory or instruction accesses by another task An exception is generated whenever unauthorized access is made to a pro tected area of memory The kernel services this exception and takes appropriate action Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 5 What are Blackfin Processors The high processing speeds achieved by Blackfin processors translate into several tangible benefits The first is time to market There can be consid erable savings in reducing or bypassing the code optimization effort when there is plenty of processing capacity to spare A second benefit is reduced software maintenance which can otherwise dominate a product s life cycle cost Finally for scalable Blackfin architectures designers can base a design around the most capable member of the Blackfin processor family and can later right size the processor to the final application s computa tional footprint Dual Core Processors Add Flexibility Blackfin processors are also available as dual core devices The traditional use of a dual core pro
57. gure 1 1 shows a block diagram of a single core ADSP BF533 Blackfin 16 32 bit processor SYSTEM CONTROL BLOCKS 16 BIT EXTERNAL BUS VOLTAGE EVENT WATCHDOG INTERFACE REGULATOR CONTROLLER PPI GPIO SYSTEM INTERFACE UNIT PERIPHERAL BLOCKS Figure 1 1 Single Core ADSP BF533 Blackfin 16 32 Bit Processor Blackfin processors support both protected and unprotected operating modes that prevent users from accessing or affecting shared parts of the system In addition the processors provide memory management capabil ities that enable users to define separate application development spaces This design feature prevents distinct code sections from being overwritten At the same time the Blackfin architecture allows asynchronous interrupts Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 3 What are Blackfin Processors and synchronous exceptions as well as programmable interrupt priorities Thus Blackfin processors are well suited as targets for embedded operat ing systems Approaches to Application Development Blackfin processors have a peripheral set that supports high speed serial and parallel data movement In addition Blackfin processors include an advanced power management feature set that allows system architects to craft designs with low dynamic power profiles In today s design model MCU and traditional DSP programmers often partition their code development into two separate groups interacting only at the sys
58. hem according to silicon revisions Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 9 Available Support For processor anomalies refer to http www analog com processors technicalSupport hardwareAnoma lies html For tools anomalies refer to http www analog com processors technicalSupport toolsAnoma lies html BSDL Files Boundary Scan Description Language BSDL files are necessary for the application of boundary scan for board and system level testing and in system programming BSDL files are the electronic data sheets that describe the IEEE 1149 1 or JTAG design within an IC and are provided by the IC vendors as part of their device specifications Use BSDL files to describe the test logic and generate a test for a loaded board IBIS Models I O Buffer Information Specification IBIS models are used with various IBIS based simulators for transmission line simulation of digital systems These models accurately simulate I O buffers termination and circuit board traces The simulation time is much faster than SPICE simulations because it is a behavioral model that relies on tabulated current versus voltage characteristics For more information about IBIS models see the main ANSI EIA IBIS home page at http www eigroup org IBIS CrossCore Tools Documentation Documentation in both electronic form and printed form describe the various components of the CrossCore software and hardware tools 3 10 Getting
59. ication Answer VDK is the VisualDSP Kernel written by Analog Devices This preemptive multitasking kernel incorporates state of the art scheduling Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 13 Evaluation Tools and resource allocation techniques tailored specifically for the memory and timing constraints of DSP programming The kernel facilitates devel opment of performance structured applications using frameworks of template files Aside from being a very capable kernel the most appealing aspects of the VDK are its tight integration with the VisualDSP devel opment environment no license fees and a royalty free RTOS GNU ypClinux Blackfin processors target embedded applications such as networking and Internet appliances automotive telematics and portable devices Many developers want more than just the processor and a software tool chain To speed time to market processor selection often hinges on operating system OS availability and existing software support uClinux is an open source OS that has been gaining significant attention and popularity over the past few years There are several drivers for uClinux s expanding user base source code availability royalty free licenses reliability open source community support tools availability networking support portability and an extensive application base To foster the sharing of this knowledge the http black fin uclinux org Web site was la
60. ication rules represent another break with the past For a proces sor s scores to be published the EEMBC Certification Laboratories ECL must execute benchmarks run by the manufacturer ECL certification ensures that scores are repeatable obtained fairly and according to EEMBC s rules Scores for devices that have been tested and certified by ECL can be searched from our Benchmark Search page To find out more about how Blackfin processors perform compared to the competition go to the following EEMBC Web page http www eembc org 1 20 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Based on recent EEMBC data Figure 1 8 compares code density and Figure 1 9 focuses on performance MIPS 20kC IBM 405GPr NEC VR5500 SuperH SH4 e oO ARM 1029EJ S e AW Certified INFINEON TriCore SMALLER IS BETTER ADSP BF533 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 o Figure 1 8 EEMBC Consumer Suite Comparison Code Density as of January 2005 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 21 Benchmarking Processors EEMBC CONSUMER SUITE COMPARISON ADSP BF533 750 MHZ ADSP BF533 600 MHZ MIPS 20Kc 600 MHZ H 202 MHZ 0 EEMBC is a registered trademark of the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium For more information and scores go to www eembc org 20 30 40 50 60 Figure 1 9 EEMBC January 2005 Consumer Suite Comparison Performance Analog Devices Benchma
61. in processor has been growing quickly To find active development communities go to www blackfin uclinux org and www blackfin org For more informa tion see GNU pClinux on page 2 14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 11 Evaluation Tools Summary Software Development Tools Table 2 1 compares available Blackfin processor development tools suites Table 2 1 Summary of Software Development Tools Function VisualDSP MULTI GNU Compiler Collection C C Compiler YES YES YES C Run Time Libraries YES YES YES C DSP Run Time Libraries YES YES Assembler Linker Loader YES YES YES IDDE Eclipse YES YES YES Project Management YES YES YES Eclipse Simulation Support YES YES YES JTAG Emulation Support YES YES YES Deciding Whether or Not to Use an RTOS In this section frequently encountered arguments in the form of a ques tion are presented with a response or Answer This section uses the terms kernel and real time operating system RTOS interchangeably Question Should I use an off the shelf operating system in my application Answer This question is asked at the start of almost every embedded soft ware project A few questions must be answered before general statements can be made The operating systems mentioned in this manual are by no means complete but should create a sense of awareness of the pros and cons to using an off the shelf RTOS
62. line Help 3 18 operating systems support 1 2 1 5 P performance 1 11 PGO 2 8 pipeline viewer 2 9 plotting tools 2 8 power management 1 13 processors algorithms 1 23 anomalies lists 3 9 data sheets 3 9 functionality 1 2 programming 1 4 selection charts 3 2 profile guided optimization 2 8 profiling statistical 2 8 projects development stages 2 1 protected memory 1 5 protected mode 1 3 R real time operating systems RTOS 2 12 RISC instruction set 1 2 processing 1 11 RTOS deciding whether to use 2 12 S SCC See source code control scripting 2 7 seminars 3 4 signal processing 1 4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 3 INDEX simulation compiled 2 9 pipeline viewer 3 12 software development tools 2 4 2 12 software licenses 2 15 source code control SCC 2 10 specifications data sheets 3 9 key features 1 8 speech algorithms 1 23 STAMP board 2 31 standard libraries VDK 2 7 statistical profiling 2 8 system services 1 24 T technical support 3 19 TechOnLine seminars 3 5 tools anomalies list 3 9 cache visualization 2 9 comparison of 2 12 CrossC ore 3 11 debugging 2 6 GCC 2 11 Green Hills Software Inc 2 10 hardware development 2 15 linking 2 10 pipeline viewer 2 9 plotting 2 8 profile guided optimization 2 8 project management 2 6 selecting 2 39 software development 2 4 statistical profiling 2 8 trade magazine articl
63. m includes VisualDSP but the software license restricts various capabilities debug agent connectivity only and reduced program size allowance Obtain a TestDrive serial number on the Analog Devices Web site at http forms analog com Form_Pages processors visualDSPTest Drive asp When the TestDrive license expires consider purchasing a full seat of VisualDSP p n VDSP BLKFN PC FULL After you have finished constructing your hardware purchase a low cost USB emulator p n ADDS USB ICE from Analog Devices Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 39 Evaluation Tools Scenario 2 Question We have a team of seven software engineers who are developing code for the Blackfin processor but no more than five are likely to be using the tools at any given time How do we handle licensing Does each engineer need a license Answer A floating license may be right for you VisualDSP may be installed on many machines A developer checks out a floating license from a license server onto any machine With five floating licenses up to five people can use VisualDSP at the same time Order a floating license p n VDSP BLKFN PCFLOAT Software Development on Blackfin Processors Once the development tools are installed begin working with application software development Figure 2 1 on page 2 2 shows a typical develop ment flow Some users modify a development board in parallel with software applica tion developme
64. n e 1 8 V 2 5 V and 3 3 V compliant and tolerant e 5 V tolerant and 3 3 V compliant for 5 V processors e Multiprocessor support e 14 pin JTAG connector e 3 meter USB cable for difficult to reach targets Analog Devices JTAG emulators are supported by VisualDSP only The USB 1 1 Emulator is only supported by VisualDSP 3 5 and later versions 2 36 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process High Performance PCI JTAG Emulator Part Number ADDS HPPCI ICE Availability Now Figure 2 12 High Performance PCI JTAG Emulator This new high performance HP PCI based emulator as shown in Figure 2 12 offers code download speeds of up to 2 2 MB sec with the JTAG clocked five times faster than its predecessor It can also seamlessly exchange real time data from the host to target application The PCI based emulator provides a high speed emulation solution for Analog Devices state of the art JTAG processors This high performance PClI based emulator consists of a small shielded POD and cable allowing for a non intrusive debug interface to all of the ADIJTAG processors The emulator auto detects voltages for 1 8 V 2 5 V 3 3 V and 5 0 V targets as indicated by the display LEDs The cable extends 6 feet from the host PC to the emulator POD and extends 1 foot from the POD to the processor target This new cable assembly greatly extends the reach of the emulator helping to reduce clutter in the hardware lab
65. n processor assembler and debugger bootloader U boot uClinux source distribution pClinux libraries Linux boot up Linux kernel 2 6 x FLASH memory and FLASH file systems introduction to device drivers pClinux debugging network applications and example user applications For further information go to http www analog com processors training workshops uClinuxws html Processor Documentation Three documents accompany each Blackfin processor a data sheet a hardware reference and an instruction set or programming reference These documents enable you to design software and hardware Blackfin Processor Manuals Two kinds of manuals provide detailed information about the Blackfin processor the Hardware Reference Manual and the Instruction Set Reference Hardware Reference Manuals Each processor s hardware reference manual provides architectural infor mation about that particular Blackfin processor The descriptions cover functional blocks buses and ports including all features and processes that they support 3 6 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options Typically a hardware reference HRM manual is available for each sub family of processors For example Analog Devices provides one manual for the ADSP BF535 processor another for ADSP BF531 532 533 devices entitled ADSP BF535 Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference another for the ADSP BF561 processor and another for ADSP BF537 536 534
66. nt The modified board serves as a prototype until their own hardware is built and ready Eventually your custom hardware becomes available and you then move development to that platform This custom hardware will include a 13 pin header called a JTAG port that connects to the Blackfin processor To debug this custom board Analog Devices recommends that you purchase a JTAG emulator Emulators enable you to perform the debug operations that you may have performed previously on a development board on your own custom hardware 2 40 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 SUPPORT OPTIONS As new information such as data sheets manuals online Help training Web content or automatic e mail notifications are prepared revised Ana log Devices makes it available to its customers and other interested parties This chapter addresses the support options available for users both during the evaluation process and after you have purchased a Blackfin processor This chapter consists of e Available Support on page 3 1 This section lists the various types of support Available Support The Blackfin processor architecture provides many advanced features As next generation processors these parts are becoming increasingly com plex With that in mind Analog Devices provides a wide variety of support options both in the form of printed and online information as well as in training This wealth of information is available to aid eval
67. obtrusively and statically sample the tar get processors and then present you with a graphical display of the resultant samples for review This enables you to easily and effortlessly identify where an application is spending most of its time Graphical Plotting VisualDSP includes numerous graphical plotting options including Line Constellation Eye Diagrams and 3 D Waterfall plots that help you better visualize analyze and understand your data The plotting engine can also perform some simple data processing such as outputting FFT magnitudes and converting data to dB before displaying the information Profile Guided Optimization Profile Guided Optimization PGO is an iterative compilation approach that uses information from previous com pilations to improve the optimizer s decisions on the code being compiled Traditionally a compiler processes each function only once and attempts to generate code that performs optimally in most cases by making reason able default assumptions of the behavior of that code With PGO the compiler makes educated assumptions based on data collected during pre vious executions of the generated code and subsequently makes decisions about the relative importance of parts of the application rather than sim ply using the default behavior This technique can enable large gains to be realized in the run time performance and code density of the program automatically without additional user effort 2 8 G
68. ocation techniques tailored specifically to address the memory and timing constraints of programming For exam ple for multiprocessor messaging you can specify a message routing graph table at build time to accommodate virtually any network topology These techniques enable engineers to use example code more efficiently often eliminating the need to start projects from scratch and saving devel opment and debugging time To save even more time VDK also has standard libraries and frameworks with defined Application Programmer Interface s APIs that allow easy inclusion of boilerplate class libraries and value added IP code Automation API and Automation Aware Scripting Engine The Automa tion API enables users to add additional features and functionality into the VisualDSP environment via a Microsoft ActiveX plug in Third par ties can seamlessly port their software to the VisualDSP front end Developers are able to merge tool suites to improve design analysis and verification and need only to learn one interface to use third party tools The Automation Aware Scripting Engine using the ActiveX script host framework allows the use of multiple popular scripting languages such as VBScript and JavaScript to access the Automation API You are able to interact with the IDDE using a single command or a script file Multiple Processor MP Support VisualDSP s multiprocessor MP support provides a single seamless interface for de
69. olution for users to evaluate different peripherals on ADSP BF533 ADSP BF561 and ADSP BF537 Blackfin processors The card includes peripherals that support USB 2 0 and Ethernet The card also supports USB bus power The components for bus power on the AV EZ CONNECT1 card are not populated during shipping For bus power to work the AV EZ CONNECT1 card must be connected to an EZ KIT Lite evaluation system that also supports USB bus power Currently the ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite and the ADSP BF533 EZ KIT Lite do not support USB bus power 2 28 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process The AV EZ CONNECT1 card is a small approximately 4 5 x 3 5 printed circuit board that connects directly to an EZ KIT Lite board The card includes the hardware USB cable USB software and Ethernet soft ware to begin evaluating the AV EZ CONNECT1 immediately Power is derived by plugging the card into the EZ KIT Lite board Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 29 Evaluation Tools ADDS BFAV EZEXT Card Figure 2 9 ADDS BFAV EZEXT Card The ADDS BFAV EZEXT card as shown in Figure 2 9 provides a solu tion for users to evaluate AV peripherals and CMOS image sensors for the ADSP BF533 ADSP BF561 and ADSP BF537 Blackfin processors The card includes peripherals that support video encoders video decoders and multichannel audio codecs The card also supports connectivity to three different CMOS image sensors
70. on about related develop ment software It also provides information on new and legacy syntax for assembler and preprocessor directives and comments as well as com mand line switches VisualDSP Linker and Utilities Manual This manual provides information on the linking process and describes the syntax for the linker s command language a scripting language that the linker reads from the Linker Description File LDF The manual leads you through using the linker archiver and loader to produce proces sor programs It also provides reference information on file utility software The manual also describes how overlays and advanced LDF commands are used for memory management In addition it describes the Expert Linker an interactive graphical tool to set up and map processor memory Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 13 Available Support VisualDSP Kernel VDK User s Guide This manual contains information about the VisualDSP Kernel a real time operating system kernel integrated with the VisualDSP development tools The VDK incorporates state of the art scheduling and resource allocation techniques tailored specifically for the memory and timing constraints of DSP programming Using frameworks of template files the kernel facilitates development of performance structured applications The kernel is designed for effective operations on Analog Devices processors The majority of the information in this manu
71. on of the ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor for a wide range of applications including audio and video processing Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 17 Evaluation Tools This evaluation system includes an ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor desk top evaluation board and fundamental debugging software to facilitate architecture evaluations via a USB based PC hosted tool set With this EZ KIT Lite you can learn more about Analog Devices ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor hardware and software development and prototype applications The EZ KIT Lite provides an evaluation suite of the Visu alDSP integrated development and debug environment IDDE with the C C compiler advanced plotting tools statistical profiling and the VisualDSP Kernel VDK Other features include assembler linker libraries and splitter VisualDSP offers programmers a powerful pro gramming tool with flexibility that shortens time to market Features e ADSP BF533 Blackfin processor e 32 MB 16M x 16 bits SDRAM e 2 MB 512K x 16 bits x 2 FLASH memory e AD1836 96 kHz audio codec with four input and six output RCA jacks 24 bits e ADV7183 video decoder with three input RCA jacks e ADV7171 video encoder with three output RCA jacks e ADM3202 RS 232 line driver receiver e DB9 male connector e USB based debugger interface e JTAG ICE 14 pin header e SPORTO connector e Evaluation suite of VisualDSP 2 18 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Th
72. or designed specifically to meet the computational demands and power con straints of today s embedded audio video automotive industrial instrumentation and communications applications Blackfin processors deliver breakthrough signal processing performance and power efficiency with a RISC programming model Blackfin proces sors present high performance homogeneous software targets which allow flexible resource allocation between hard real time DSP tasks and non real time control tasks System control tasks can often run in the shadow of DSP and video tasks Based on the Micro Signal Architecture MSA that Analog Devices jointly developed with Intel Corporation Blackfin processors combine a 32 bit RISC instruction set dual 16 bit multiply accumulate MAC digital signal processing functionality and 8 bit video processing Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 1 What are Blackfin Processors performance that had previously been the exclusive domain of very long instruction word VLIW media processors Blackfin processors include advanced memory management that supports memory protected and non memory protected embedded operating sys tems such as pCLinux ThreadX Express Logic INTEGRITY and velOSity Green Hills Software Nucleus Accelerated Technology Fusion Unicoi Systems and RTXC Quadros Quadros Systems to name a few The Blackfin processor s unique combination of processing attributes
73. other channels In video and imaging applications this technique can be used to process alternate frames on each of the cores Dual core processing melds with the Blackfin processors additional power savings features The energy consumed by a processor is based on both static and dynamic components Even when the application fits on a sin gle core processor you can employ a dual core processor to reduce overall Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction energy consumption Specifically by running an application at half the frequency of a single core system the processor core voltages can also be dropped to values as low as 0 8 V This is possible because of the Blackfin processors wide voltage operating range Dual core Blackfin processors contain large amounts of on chip memory along with data paths and DMA controllers that have been sized specifically to handle a shared pro cessing load This combination allows an algorithm to be split easily without the loss of efficiency that can be felt on multicore solutions with different processors Low Power Consumption When a portable battery powered application needs to run for a long period of time or when designers need their systems to wake up periodi cally and perform various tasks then return to a deep sleep the low power states of Blackfin processors can be effectively used Because Blackfin pro cessors are implemented in a 0 13um CMOS process they can dissipat
74. overall system debug to shorten time to market The goal is to alleviate software as a potential critical path element in system development Figure 1 10 shows an example of the code development efficiency on Blackfin processors using an Adaptive Multi Rate AMR encoder 1 24 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction COMPILER RESULTS IN FULLY FUNCTIONAL CODE FROM FIRST WEEK OF IMPLEMENTATION PERSON PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE MONTHS INC OVERHEAD 0 25 100 366 3 00 75 36 5 00 65 20 12 00 0 0 100 IN C MIPS 80 70 60 50 100 IN 75 IN C ASSEMBLY 40 65 IN C 30 20 10 1 DEVELOPMENT TIME IN MONTHS 12 AMR ENCODER CODE DEVELOPMENT EFFICIENCY Figure 1 10 The VisualDSP Compiler Yields High Code Density Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 25 Benchmarking Processors 1 26 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 THE EVALUATION PROCESS This chapter describes the available software and hardware tools needed to evaluate Blackfin processors and develop application programs This chapter consists of e DSP Project Development Stages on page 2 1 This section provides an overview of typical steps followed in a project development life cycle e Evaluation Tools on page 2 3 This section introduces the software and hardware tools that are currently available including e Selecting Software Development Tools on page
75. processors 1 14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction 1200 1000 800 600 ADSP BF531 2 3 ADSP BF561 POWER mW 400 eee 200 l 43 GAIN IN MMACs AT THE SAME POWER 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 MMACs Figure 1 5 Power Savings With the ADSP BF561 Blackfin Processor Berkeley Design Technology Incorporated BDTI and Embedded Micro processor Benchmark Consortium EEMBC specialize in evaluating processor performance Their findings are presented in the following sections BDTI If your application requires a great deal of signal processing examine the BDTI Benchmark results The following paragraphs taken from the BDTI Web site describe their evaluation process and conclusions At BDTI we have benchmarked and analyzed the DSP capabilities of a wide range of DSPs general purpose processors and other processing devices such as FPGAs and configurable processors We have extensive experience with all aspects of DSP benchmarking and evaluation and we can put that experience to work for Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 15 Benchmarking Processors you By adopting the BDTI Benchmark methodology vendors may compare their products with dozens of other processor architectures providing an unparal leled resource for product positioning and targeting The BDTI Benchmarks In 1994 BDTI introduced its core suite of DSP benchmarks called the BDTI Benchmarks
76. r turning off the power to the PC A 3 meter 9 foot cable is included to connect the emulators to the host PC thus providing abundant accessibility As a bonus customers in an environment that does not allow them to open their PCs without IS support will find that both emulators eliminate the need to obtain that help and thus can be easily moved from the lab to the local desktop to the laptop Features e High speed USB 2 0 backward compatible with full speed USB 1 0 interface and connector e JTAG clock operation from 10 MHz to 50 MHz e Support for all ADI JTAG processors e Multiple processor I O voltage support with automatic detection e 1 8 V 2 5 V and 3 3 V compliant and tolerant e 5 V tolerant and 3 3 V compliant for 5 V processors e Multiprocessor support e 14 pin JTAG connector e 3 meter USB cable for difficult to reach targets Analog Devices JTAG emulators are supported by VisualDSP only The HP USB Emulator is only supported by VisualDSP 3 5 and later versions 2 34 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process USB 1 1 JTAG Emulator Part Number ADDS USB ICE Availability Now Figure 2 11 USB 1 1 JTAG Emulator The cost effective Universal Serial Bus USB based emulator as shown in Figure 2 11 from Analog Devices provides a portable non intrusive tar get based debugging solution for Analog Devices JTAG processors This USB based emulator performs a wide range of emulation
77. rdware and software development and prototype applications The ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite 2 20 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process provides an evaluation suite of the VisualDSP development environ ment with the C C compiler assembler and linker All software tools are limited to use with the EZ KIT Lite Features ADSP BF537 Blackfin processor 64 MB SDRAM 8M x 8 bits x 4 banks x 2 chips 4 MB 2M x 16 bits FLASH memory AD1854 96 kHz digital to audio codec DAC Philips TJA1041 high speed CAN transceiver USB based debugger interface JTAG ICE 14 pin header SPORTO connector Evaluation suite of VisualDSP Ten LEDs one power one board reset one USB reset one USB monitor and six general purpose CE certified Supports standalone operation Four programmable flags The ADSP BF537 EZ KIT Lite is also used for evaluation of the ADSP BF536 and ADSP BF534 Blackfin processors Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 21 Evaluation Tools ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite From Analog Devices Inc Part Number ADDS BF561 EZLITE Figure 2 5 ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite Evaluation System The ADSP BF561 EZ KIT Lite as shown in Figure 2 5 provides a cost effective method for initial evaluation of the ADSP BF561 Blackfin processor for audio and video applications via a USB based PC hosted tool set Evaluation of analog audio applications is achieved by using the on board AD1836 multichannel 96 kHz au
78. riety of training options are available both online and ina classroom setting For users who prefer live training sessions a variety of venues is available Blackfin Processor Workshops Blackfin processor workshops are designed to develop a strong working knowledge of Analog Devices processors through lecture and hands on exercises in a classroom setting These practical courses teach how to use the latest software development tools First the core elements of the processor which includes the Com putational Units the Data Address Generators and the Program Sequencer are examined along with the relevant assembly code instruc tions A number of simulator labs help in understanding operation of the individual elements Memory configuration both internal and external is discussed next Advanced instructions are presented with a follow on lab session about code optimization The I O peripherals which include the SPORTS Link Ports and External Port are discussed in detail along with DMA operation between these peripherals and internal memory 3 4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options Workshops are offered through Kaztek Engineering throughout the world Visit the Kaztek Web site for the schedule of upcoming workshops and pricing information at http www kaztek com Blackfin Processor Seminars The Blackfin processor seminar is a subset of the Blackfin Processor Workshop slide set and does not include
79. rks Analog Devices has assembled benchmarks used to test Blackfin proces sors The synergy of the Blackfin processor architecture instruction set and the VisualDSP complier yields high density code Links to Comparative Benchmarks Access comparative data to see how Blackfin processors compare to other manufacturers parts Open your browser and access the following Web page which contains links to the BDTI and EEMBC Web sites http www analog com processors processors blackfin bench marks index html 1 22 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Code Examples Specific code examples for many DSP algorithms optimized for Blackfin processors are currently available The code examples are contained in ZIP files available from the following Web page http www analog com processors processors blackfin technicalL ibrary manuals codeExamples html The examples are grouped into the following categories multi rate filters Fourier and discrete cosine function sets convolution encoder sets speech and audio related algorithms image processing function sets image analysis video into audio video and so on The code examples work with VisualDSP 3 5 and VisualDSP 4 0 To receive automatic notification by e mail when any of these code examples are updated register for myAnalog com and select Blackfin as the product category and Code Examples as the publication type Examples Included
80. s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes SPORTs SPI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Programmable Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Flags TWI No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Compatible Watchdog Timer Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RTC Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Core Voltage 1 1 6 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 V 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Core Voltage No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Regulation Package Size 260 160 160 160 256 182 182 182 PBGA Mini B Mini B Mini B Mini B Mini B Mini B Mini B GA GA GA GA GA GA GA 176 176 169 297 208 208 208 LQFP LQFP Sparse PBGA Sparse Sparse Sparse 169 169 PBGA Mini B Mini B Mini B Sparse Sparse GA GA GA PBGA PBGA Lead Free No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Package Option Future Blackfin Processor Releases Increased performance and a feature rich variety of new peripherals are the focus in future Blackfin releases Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 9 Blackfin Processor Features Blackfin Processor Features Blackfin processors represent a new class of devices that combine an extremely capable Single Instruction Multiple Data SIMD processor engine with powerful features such as a Memory Management Unit MMU watchdog timer real time clock variable length RISC instruc tions UARTs and SPI ports These features are typically found only in microcontrollers and microprocessors Because Blackfin proce
81. s Selection Information For processor specific information start at the Web site s Blackfin proces sor page www analog com blackfin and then check Blackfin processor offerings with regards to package speed or temperature specifications Links provide access to additional processor selection information such as peripherals and memory tools selection information and other materials 3 2 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Support Options Getting Started Information The Blackfin processor page www analog com blackfin provides links under the heading Getting Started that instruct you about Blackfin pro cessor architecture and targeted applications To find out about the processor s core and peripherals refer to this Web site topic at the Analog Devices Web site You may also want to check the benchmark data avail able from independent testers A link to training and events provides an up to date list of local training seminars and upcoming events where you can learn more about current or new Blackfin processor products Applications Notes EE Notes and Other Articles The most useful documents available to users are the Application or EE Engineer to Engineer Notes since they offer detailed technical informa tion about using the Blackfin processor These materials are available by downloading them from the Web site These documents supplement the standard documentation for processors and tools EE Notes fo
82. simulation the simulation compiler automatically examines the whole application once and generates C code for each instruction in the application essentially building a C program that is optimized to execute that one application As a result the generated appli cation can be used to simulate that one application very efficiently at speeds of 100 to 1 000 times faster than the ordinary simulator Native C C Compiler and Enhanced Assembler The native best in class C C compiler is a time saver for developers who use it for applica tion code generation It generates efficient application code that is optimized for both code density and execution time and can be easily interfaced with assembly code modules so you can program primarily in C C and still use assembly code for time critical loops Beyond that Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 9 Evaluation Tools with C developers can realize an additional significant decrease in time to market with the ability to efficiently work with complex signal process ing data types and take advantage of specialized operations without having to understand the underlying architecture VisualDSP simplifies devel opment on the whole by providing a common development environment across all Analog Devices hardware and processors While the assembly language is based on an algebraic syntax that is easy to learn program and debug the enhanced assembler further eases your bur den in
83. ssors possess all the power of a DSP and are full featured they can replace other classes of DSPs and 32 bit RISC MCU or an ASIC in designs At the core Blackfin processors have a 16 bit dual MAC multiply accu mulate architecture with 32 bit registers and 64 bit internal data paths This core is surrounded by high speed memory and high speed peripherals including 100 Mbps serial ports SPORTs a high speed parallel periph eral interface PPI capable of moving digital video on and off chip ITU R CCIR 656 compliant UART with IRDA support SPI port and an external memory interface for connection to SDRAM FLASH SRAM and so on In addition to its advanced peripherals Blackfin processors include an on chip switching regulator and a software programmable on chip phase lock loop PLL that allows software to control the core clock speed and core voltage This can result in huge power savings because you can con stantly vary the clock and voltage depending on the task at hand Since Blackfin processors can be used for both control data processing and signal processing the efficiency of data movement and storage has a high impact on performance Efficient numerical precision ranks high on the list of important features although efficiency of data movement is equally as important The width of a signal processing device is often measured based on the type of data it processes most efficiently The width of a pro cessor is typically mea
84. sured by its data paths and register widths Blackfin processors support 8 16 and 32 bit arithmetic operations in hardware 1 10 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction but they are optimized for and have the most support for 16 bit opera tions Thus Blackfin processors are considered to be 16 32 bit processors Three additional reasons explain why Blackfin processors are currently unmatched in the industry e Performance e Low Power Consumption e Low Cost Performance Processors can no longer be judged solely on core clock speed MHz MIPS MACS FLOPS BLOPs FROGs TOADs and so on Newer Blackfin processors run at core clock frequencies starting at 300 MHz All of its internal memory is L1 which means that memory also runs at the core clock rate providing large amounts of bandwidth between the pro cessor s core and its internal memory The core supports two 16 bit multiply accumulates per cycle sustained providing 1 2 GMACs at 600 MHz Although these numbers provide a rough idea of a device s performance they do not measure how an application runs on a device because they do not take into account memory efficiency or instruction set efficiency Often these peak specifications occur only momentarily that is they are not sustained and the sustained values are much lower This is where benchmark data can be useful Benchmarking Processors on page 1 14 describes performance measurements r
85. tem boundary level where their two functional worlds meet This makes some sense as two separate groups of designers can develop their own sets of design practices based on application requirements For instance signal processing developers may want to implement techniques to improve performance Another group may have opposing design goals MCU programmers for example may prefer implementing a turn key system and letting it perform all tasks without user intervention With this in mind Blackfin processors were designed to support both DMA and cache memory controllers to move data through a system Mul tiple high speed DMA channels shuttle data between peripherals and memory systems allowing the fine tuning controls sought by DSP pro grammers without using up valuable core processor cycles Conversely on chip configurable instruction and data caches allow a hands off approach to managing code and data in a manner very familiar to MCU programmers Often at the system integration level a combination of both approaches is ideal Another reason for the historical separation of MCU and DSP develop ment groups is that the two processors have two separate sets of design imperatives From a technical standpoint engineers responsible for archi tecting a system often hesitate to mix a control application with a signal processing application on the same processor Their most 1 4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Intro
86. uators of software hardware solutions at the beginning of the evaluation pro cess design engineers while they are developing a system or support engineers as they resolve compatibility and usability issues after product release This chapter highlights some support information and training options available to Analog Devices users at any stage of development Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 3 1 Available Support Since information about our products changes and increases rapidly Analog Devices makes this information readily available and encourages you to keep up to date with new developments especially with our online options Analog Devices Web Site Your first point of reference for the most recent information is always via the Analog Devices Web site The following kinds of information are available e Processor and tools selection guides e Getting started information e Applications notes EE notes and other articles e Communities related information e Platform related information Visit the Blackfin processor home page at www analog com blackfin The Analog Devices Embedded Processing and DSP page which offers access to other processor families is located at www analog com proces sors To visit the knowledge base use your browser to access www analog com dsp knowledgebase This information is available to all classes of users Analog Devices customers and interested parties Processor and Tool
87. unched in February 2004 The site serves as a central repository for all pClinux Blackfin processor projects worldwide and hosts code examples question and answer forums and bug tracking By creating an open source solution embedded applications developers are able to leverage a wealth of knowledge and support from the open source community 2 14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Selecting Hardware Development Tools Hardware development tools include development and evaluation boards such as EZ KIT Lite or STAMP expansion boards and JTAG emulators EZ KIT Lite Evaluation Systems Typically development and evaluation boards are standalone printed cir cuit boards PCBs that contain a Blackfin processor with other devices Analog Devices offers an evaluation system called an EZ KIT Lite for each subfamily of Blackfin processors Each EZ KIT Lite includes a board cable power supply documentation software and a license key The EZ KIT Lite board is a low cost hardware platform that includes a Blackfin processor surrounded by several other devices such as audio codecs video encoders video decoders flash SDRAM and so on Each EZ KIT Lite board also includes an on board JTAG emulator with a USB 1 1 connector and a standard 13 pin 100 mil JTAG header for use with high performance JTAG emulators available from Analog Devices Via the processor s JTAG port and the VisualDSP software
88. valuate a licensable core before the core has been fabricated To meet such needs BDTI publishes the BDTIsimMark2000 This metric is calculated in the same manner as the BDTImark2000 but is based on simulated results instead of hardware measurements l Excerpted from http www bdti com products services_benchmarking html 2004 BDTI 1 16 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Although BDTIsimMark2000 and BDTImark2000 scores are calculated in the same manner they should be compared with caution In addition caution should be used when comparing scores for chips to scores for cores The BDTImemMark2000 is a summary measure of processors memory effi ciency on signal processing applications The BDTImemMark2000 is based on the same suite of signal processing benchmarks as the BDTImark2000 and BDTIsimMark2000 A higher BDTImemMark2000 score indicates a more effi cient processor That is a higher BDTImemMark2000 score indicates lower memory use Memory efficiency is important for two reasons first a processor s memory efficiency has a significant impact on overall system cost and energy con sumption Second a processor may experience significant performance degradation if frequently accessed application code and data do not fit in level one memory Using their benchmark scores BDTI compares devices with regard to power consumption speed and price Figure 1 6 from November 2004 looks at processor sp
89. viii Getting Started With Blackfin Processors PREFACE Thank you for your interest in the Blackfin family of processors by Analog Devices Inc Purpose of This Manual Getting Started With Blackfin Processors provides you with information about the evaluation process Analog Devices tools training documenta tion and other informational resources This manual provides an overview of a variety of documentation available in printed and online form as well as a guide for evaluating the Blackfin processor This manual also describes the resources available to help you move your evaluation design along quickly For detailed descriptions of processor internals refer to the applicable hardware reference manual For detailed descriptions of processor soft ware refer to applicable instruction set reference manual A complete list of documents that support your product can be found in the Preface of each of the hardware or software manuals Intended Audience The primary audience for this guide are system designers programmers and hardware engineers who want to learn whether a specific Blackfin pro cessor matches their design requirements for new applications Getting Started With Blackfin Processors ix Manual Contents Manual Contents The manual consists of e Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter briefly describes the processor architecture available models and processor features e Chapter 2 The Evalu
90. writing optimal assembly code by analyzing code sequences and providing feedback on latencies and stalls Expert Linker The Expert Linker creates a graphical utility that makes it easier to produce a Linker Description File LDF without having to learn the LDF syntax The graphical representation of the commands in an LDF file also allows you to easily manipulate the graphical representation for changes to the LDF file or to generate an LDF file The Expert Linker also allows you to easily profile object sections in your program graphically identify hot spots and optimize the placement of code in a single step with minimal additional effort Integrated Source Code Control The Source Code Control SCC plug in for the IDDE enables you to easily connect to SCC applications that are installed on your machines through the Microsoft Common Source Code Control MCSCC interface that is widely supported by leading SCC vendors Using the plug in you can also access com monly used features such as getting the latest version checking out and removing a selected file from source code control of these SCC applica tions launch the SCC applications and view a file s source control status in a project window quickly and conveniently without leaving the IDDE MULTI Integrated Development Environment MULTI from Green Hills Software Inc is a complete integrated devel opment environment for embedded applications that use C C and Embe

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