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CalculiX USER`S MANUAL - CalculiX GraphiX, Version 2.5 -

1. BLEND lt nurbs gt lt shape gt gt lt line lcmb gt lt line lcmb gt 3 5 times This keyword is used to define or redefine a surface in the most basic way see also qsur Each surface which is intended for a regular mesh must have three to five edges which might consist of a single line or a combined line see lemb to be mesh able However the recommend amount of edges is four For example gsur 5004 BLEND L002 LOOE L006 LOOC will create the surface S004 with a mathematically positive orientation indicated by the sign after the surface name The keyword BLEND indicates that the interior of the surface will be defined according to Coons or a NURBS surface or shape is referenced It should be mentioned that only nurbs or shape related surfaces can be meshed with unstructured triangles Use a or in front of the lines or lembs to indicate the orientation These signs will be corrected automatically if necessary If the surface is intended for an unstructured mesh it is not necessary to care about the correct orientation of the lines and the number of edges is not limmited If automatic name generation is desired then use instead of a name 8 28 gtol gtol lt geometric tol gt This keyword is used to enquire the default geometric tolerance gtol Or it is used to set the default geometric tolerance gtol value The command will recognize points or nodes
2. and some information is echoed in the xterm and a new window called main win dow appears on the screen The name conventions used for the different areas in the main window are explained in figure Now you should move the mouse pointer into the menu area and press the left mouse button Keep it pressed and continue over the menu item Dataset to Disp There you release the button Then press the left button again and continue over Dataset and En tity to D1 For background informations look into the subsection TDatasets and Entity which explains how to display results After seeing the values you might play around a bit with the Menu See also the commands steps MAR mi cal which might be used to modify the colour representation of the displayed values For example type min 0 to change the lower value of the colour bar Watch out if you type a command the cgx window MUST stay active and not the xterm from which the program was started It is better to stay with the mouse pointer in the cgx window Next Quit the program and type cgx b geometry fbd in the xterm The program starts again but now you see only a wire frame of the geometry Move the mouse pointer into the new window and type mesh all The mouse pointer MUST stay in this window during typing and NOT in the xterm from which the program was started After you see ready in the parent xterm the mesh is created To act
3. tmf etc For example temperatures for thermal mechanic fatigue analysis or velocities pressures and thermals for a restart of a cfd calculation B 10 How to map loads Values at nodes can be mapped interpolated from a second mesh with the map command This second mesh data source or master is usually avail able as a result file from a previous calculation The read command with the add parameter can be used to include this file in the current model Solver input files inp and result files frd can be used as a data source The command 103 will add an offset to the nodes and elements so that existing nodes and elements will not be overwritten The original mesh is the target or slave of the map ping process The mapping process will add the values to the dataset s The mapped values can be visualized by selecting the mapped dataset and entity and then by plotting the slave elements or faces with plot fv slave An example of the necessary commands for the mapping process 2D to 2D is listed below Define a set with the slave nodes or faces For example with qadd slave comp slave do to extend the set by the referenced faces or nodes Then open a set and read the master model seto new read result frd add setc If necessary move new in space to match the position of the slave see move Add the faces to the new set only nodes and elements are already stored in
4. keystroke The shape can be assigned to a surface by selecting the surface with the s key The shape will then define the interiour of this surface But it is most often used for projection purposes see projj or splitting see Epi 59 8 76 aspl gt qspl RETURN w s q This keyword is used to split one or more lines at a certain position can also be done with ali A point is created at the splitting position the original line is deleted and two new lines will appear instead All lines running through the selected location will be split at once and the newly created splitting points will be merged to one if they are closer to each other than defined by gtol To split a line move the mouse pointer over the line and press the s key Press q to quit the command It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 77 qsur gt qsur lt name gt optional RETURN ow a bh 1 3 27 12 29 rg ig y Ig 9 h This keyword is used to create a surface see also Esur The user might specify a name in the command line or by picking an existing surface with the s key If the surface is supposed to be meshed with unstructured triangles element type tr3u it is sufficient to select all lines with the 1
5. r from rx12 is changed to c A thermal connection is cre ated with send dep indep nas cycmpc tx c The thermal connection is triggered by the t a pressure connection with p See comments above for the single parameters In addition it is possible to glue independent meshes together For this purpose the dependent nodes are tied to independent elements by equations Choose the finer mesh for the dependent side The equations are based on the shape functions of the element types For example send dep indep nas areampc 123 cl will connect the nodes in the set dep to element faces described by nodes in cluded in the set indep The set dep must contain all nodes which should be glued and the set indep should contain all nodes of the elements surfaces to which the dep nodes should be glued The numbers 123 are the degrees of freedom which will be connected t will create a thermal connection p a pressure connection The c triggers the correction of the position of the de pendent nodes to a position on the surface of the independent elements highly recommended and default u would prevent the correction Of course the mesh has to be written after the use of such a command otherwhise the cor rected node positions would not be regarded and the equations would lead to increased stiffness and decreased accuracy The 1 will be the identifier for the equations if the format i
6. 24 define a body than the command gbod but exactly 2 or all surfaces must be specified otherwise the body will not be created The most convenient way to define bodies is to use the command lqbod For example body b1 s1 s2 will look for the missing surfaces and if necessary create them if all lines between the corner points of s1 and s2 are defined the result is the creation of body b1 Or for example body s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 will create a body and a new name for it The new name is triggered by the sign Here the body is based on 5 surfaces If the surfaces are not connected the body is not mesh able 8 5 call call lt parameters gt This keyword is used to allow the user to control his own functionality in the file userFunction c The data structures for the mesh and datasets are available The default function calculates the hydrodynamic stresses with the command call hydro See TUser Functions for details 8 6 cntr entr lt pnt nod gt Defines a new center point or node This command is intended for batch mode See also qent for the cursor controlled command 8 7 comp comp lt set chars gt u d e This keyword is used to add all entities to the specified set see seta which de pend on the already included entities u up or to include all entities necessary to describe the already included entities d down For example the set lines stores
7. 8 101 tra tra PP Pwe PdP I Pr lt relative distance gt This keyword is used to move the model in the window For example trau l will move the model 0 1 times the model dimensions upwards The meaning of the other letters is forward f down d right r left 1 8 102 trfm trfm rec cyl x y Ig ir gt Kfirst Dataset Nr gt lt last Dataset Nr gt Generates additional entities for a new coordinate system The option cyl transforms the global results to cylindrical and rec from cylindrical ones to global cartesian In both cases the axis of the cylindrical system must be pro vided So far only cylindrical systems around the major x y z axes are imple mented The first and the last dataset of a range can be specified optionally The current dataset is selected if no dataset is specified The transformation into the cylindrical system takes place in a way that tensors and vectors are transformed into a new local cartesian system which is alligned with the directions of a true cylindrical system In this way the dimensions are maintained for example the displacement in angular direction is not transformed into an angle but into a displacement in tangential direction The transformation from a cylindrical into a cartesian system works in the same way In this case the initial values must be defined in a local cartesian system pointing in the directions of the cylindrical system Remark
8. gt p P gap lt vx gt lt vy gt lt vz gt lt tol gt This keyword is used to send data to the file system The following formats are known but not all options for all formats are fully supported so far The geometry format fbd send set fbd or 66 send set fbd c will complete the set downwards before writing or send set fbd e will write all model edges as small lines running from node to node and a surface description with triangles stl send all stl This triangles are based on elements which were created by meshing surfaces or by automatically triangulated element faces of all types of supported elements If be2 elements are included in the mesh meshed lines a so called edge file for NETGEN will also be created if stl is written NETGEN provides also a stand alone mesher called ng_vol The mesher can be found in the netgen sub directory nglib As for the stl format triangles can be written for this mesher with send set ng It has the advantage that the triangles are directly used to define tetras and not as with stl are only used to define the outer shape of the body The following mesh related formats are known Femview and CADfix frd Nastran nas Abaqus abq Ansys ans CodeAster ast Samcef sam Dar win dar patran pat only sets gagemap gmp only sets and Tochnog tcg but only cex Abaqus is fully supported Good support is also provided for ansys darwin and nastran If no fur
9. lt refspeed gt lt writefreg gt comp mpc lt rotation gt lt v1 gt lt v2 gt lt v3 gt names spc lt dofs 1 6 gt lt value gt gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt gt nor lt faci gt lt fac2 gt lt fac3 gt slide c s rx gt ry l era Pte ty Petz pres lt value gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt JI film lt temp gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt gt lt coeff gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt Prad lt temp gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt gt lt emis gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt dflux lt load gt ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt NI cflux lt load gt force lt f1 gt lt f2 gt lt f3 gt quadlin sur send lt set gt dolfyn duns isaac foam lt base type gt lt set gt gt cyclic lt set gt lt set gt tx ty tz rx ry rz gt ex cy cz lt vx vy vz gt send lt dep set gt lt indep set gt nas abq ans cycmpc gt pe py pe tzi ty l tz gt re ry P rz cx cy cz lt segments gt c u lt NR gt gt areampc lt dofs 1 6 t p gt c u lt Nr gt gt areampc slide gt areampc presfit s lt value gt
10. v key The f key will toggle the format of the value between int float and exponent See the command ffont on how to change the font size To catch more than one entity with one stroke type a all before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle To catch only the entity which is closest to the user type i before 8 79 quit quit This keyword is used to terminate the program without save 8 80 read read lt geo file gt add lt ccx file gt inp add ext nom lt result file gt add ext nom lt setname gt lt list file gt n e lt column gt lt edge file gt edg lt pixel file gt This keyword is used to read files or commands from a file Most commands can be read from a file but not all of them In general all basic commands to create geometry are understood and up to now this is the only way to read pre defined geometry during run time To read commands from a file like pnt or Seta and so on type 61 DAT3 STRESS Time 100 000000 Entity Mises max 9 71e 02 min 1 32e 00 9 71e 02 9 25e 02 8 79e 02 8 33e 02 7 87e 02 7 40e 02 6 94e 02 6 48e 02 6 02e 02 5 56e 02 5 09e 02 4 63e 02 4 17e 02 3 71e 02 3 25e 02 2 78e 02 2 32e 02 1 86e 02 1 40e 02 9 37e 01 4 75e 01 1 32e 00
11. 00608 02804 02029 00794 00400 00000 00000 POOC POOE P016 P015 P046 PO4L P04H PO4I PO4X PO4W PO5C PO5A P008 P007 POOO POOP P04C PO3B POOV POOW PO4T P054 P003 PO3E POOS PO2M 120 POOG P014 PO4M P056 P054 P059 P006 PO3P POOX Oo000000000000000000000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 POOI POOJ POOK POOL P019 P013 P012 P011 P010 PO1B PO4P PO3C P005 POON P00Z PO1B LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LCMB LCMB GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR LOON LO3R LOOT LO3S LO4V LO4W LO4X L04Z L050 L052 L054 L056 L058 L059 LOSA LO5D LO5V LOSI LOSL LO5Z LO6C LO6F LO6H LO6I LO6J L001 LOOA LOOK L009 L000 L002 LOOL PO3B PO3C SOOW P052 P056 SOOR PO5V PO5N 210 P058 P054 S00S p4 P059 204 P059 P054 POSF POSF P059 POSF PO5H P056 P052 POSF 912 912 P1 204 P059 PO5G PO5H P058 PO5G SOOT 120 120 942 912 p3 PO5I 130 p4 120 P2 130 POSI P05J P056 PO5M PO5N P058 P019 PO5M PO5G PO5L PO5H PO1A PO3E P052 PO2M PO3C POON PO3P PO5N 130 p3 204 PO5M P05S PO5V PO5G
12. 70711 0 O Ls 0 O 0 00000 00000 70711 00000 70711 00000 LINE LOOG POOA POOG pO 4 LINE LOOI POOG POOI pO 4 GSUR A001 BLEND L003 L002 LOO1 L004 GSUR A002 BLEND L007 L006 L005 L003 GSUR A003 BLEND LOOC LOOA LOO9 L007 GSUR A004 BLEND L004 LOOI LOOG LOOC ELTY all QU4 C 2 Cylinder Figure 14 cylinder made of four 90 degree segments PNT pO 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 PNT py 0 00000 1 00000 0 00000 PNT pi 1 00000 0 00000 0 00000 PNT P001 1 00000 1 00000 0 00000 PNT P002 0 00000 0 00000 1 00000 PNT P003 0 00000 1 00000 1 00000 PNT P006 1 00000 0 00000 0 00000 114 PNT PNT PNT LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR ELTY P007 POOA POOC L001 L002 L003 L004 L005 L006 L007 L008 L009 LOOA LOOI LOOJ A001 A002 A003 A005 1 00000 0 00000 0 00000 pi P001 2 P002 P003 2 pi P002 pod 8 P001 P003 py 8 P006 P007 2 P002 P006 pO 8 P003 P007 py 8 POOA POOC 2 P006 POOA pO 8 P007 POOC py 8 POOA pi pO 8 POOC P001 py 8 BLEND L001 BLEND L002 BLEND L005 BLEND L008 all QUe C 3 Sphere N 222422224 AHA HAA AH NT NT NT LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE GSUR GSUR LEND P P P P P P P P P P Py pl P001 P003 P006 P008 POOC POOK POOL POON L001 L002 L003 L004 L006 L008 LOOA LOOC LOOG LOOJ A005 A0
13. In this case the user can mesh the surfaces with unstructured triangles and export them in the stl format see Isendl as a basis for an auto mesher 4 The following steps have to be done e Use the interface program to convert the cad format to fbd format ie vda2fbd cad vda gt cad fbd Sometimes the header of the vda file causes some trouble and must be modified to make the program run e Start cgx with that file cgx a cad fbd Usually some warnings appear on the screen but the program will fix that automatically triggered by 105 Figure 12 CAD file meshed with tet elements using NETGEN a After all geometry has been read the program will merge points and lines to close the volume Then all nurbs related surfaces are trimmed Finally all surfaces are rendered and the result is displayed in the main window The whole process might need some time If problems occur the user might start the program with option b instead of a cgx b cad fbd Then no automatic post processing is done and the user has to fix the geometry manually See the commands METS Quite often adjacent surfaces do not use common lines Make sure the divisions match This has to be done because later on every created triangle must have three adjacent triangles Flip the surfaces in a way that its normal direction points outwards use afp with key Ya If a surface points inwards it is not illuminated and appears only dark grey Define the element
14. default set s bou dof store nodes which are restricted in the corresponding degree of freedom and the set s dep dof and ind dof store dependent and independent nodes used in equations A special case is OpenFOAM The results are organized in a directory struc ture consisting of a case containing time directories in which the result files are stored The user must call cgx using the case directory cgx foam case The 13 program will then search the time directories The time directories must con tain a time file to be recognized Or in other words each directory in this level containing a time file is regarded as a result directory 6 Input Devices 6 1 Mouse The mouse is used to manipulate the view point and scaling of the object inside the drawing area figure 2 Rotation of the object is controlled by the left mouse button zoom in and out by the middle mouse button and translation of the object is controlled by the right mouse button Inside the menu area the mouse triggers the main menu with the left button In addition the mouse controls the of nodal values The animation will stop if the mouse pointer is not in the drawing area but will start again if the pointer enters the drawing area This can be prevented by pressing the middle mouse button while the mouse pointer is in the menu area Pressing the right button will release the next frame A frozen animation can be released by pressing the middle button The previou
15. domain1 at radius 100 around x at x 10 with a tolerance of 0 1 All entities in range are stored in set newset The following example illustrates the use of enq to find the highest value close to a location given by a node number activate dataset 3 with entity 7 ds 3 e 7 H read a file vith one node to define a set read posi frd posi search the highest value around a radius of 1 eng all t set posi 1 h move the file with the search result to a meaningfull name sys mv enq_lc3_e7_1 out pos1 out 32 8 17 eqal eqal jbir aspr mca lt value gt The keyword without parameters lists the current element quality thresholds 0 off e JBIR The maximum ratio of jacobian determinants xsj between all gaus points Were xsj Vworldcoordinates Velementcoordinates and jbir xsj max xsj min e ASPR Element aspect ratio between all element sides e MCA Maximum corner angle between all element sides With parameter value sets the value of the threshold 8 18 exit exit This command terminates the program and saves the geometry if any to a file named as the input file but with the extension fbd If a file with that name exists already then this file will be saved with the new file extension fbb as a backup see also Save 8 19 flip flip lt setname gt lt surf gt auto This command changes the orientation of a set of surfaces or a single surface
16. key lowercase L This can be done either in the all mode press a or individual mode press i which is default Then generate the surface by pressing the g key Such surfaces allow holes in it If the surface is not plane it will need to reference an embedded NURBS surface see MUISI It should be noted that this kind of mesh might be extruded in the 3rd dimension by using the Ewep command Otherwhise such surfaces can not be used to define meshable bodies volumes Only external meshers might use the triangles as a geometry description see How fo deal with cad geometry For the definition of a regular meshable surface three to five edges must be defined To create a surface move the mouse pointer over the first line of the first edge and select it with the 1 key number one If more than one line is necessary to define the first edge select the following ones one after the other with the 17 key Each marked line is listed in the mother xterm If all lines of the first edge are selected select the lines of the second edge by pressing the 2 key then the third and eventually the fourth and fifth The last selected line must match the first All lines defining an edge will create a combined line see lemb and this combined line will show up in the definition of the surface Then generate the surface by pressing the g key and you might continue with the next surface By default the i
17. latimsta frd Figure 8 qtxt Node attached texts at two locations one with node nr and value in exp form and one just with his value in floating point form The font with gives biggest numbers was used read geo file this will eventually replace entities if their names were already in use To pre vent this type read geo file add this forces the program to change the names which are already in use to unused ones Therefore no existing geometry will be overwritten If an ccx input file with loads boundary conditions and sets was read read cex file inp then the loads and boundary conditions are stored in automatically created 62 sets which start with a leading For example the ccx command BOUND ARY will trigger the creation of the set bou The ccx sets are stored in cgx sets of the same name The load values are stored in Datasets The option nom no mesh read ccx file inp nom is used to suppress the reading of nodes and elements This speeds up the reading and makes sense if the mesh exists and only the set definitions and loads should be read If the parameter add is used read cex file inp add then existing node or element numbers are not overwritten and the program choses new numbers If the ccx input file ends with inp the parameter inp might be omitted The user might read a result file in frd format during runtime If a mesh exists and should not be overwritten just
18. new comp new do plot f new Define the master set qadd master catch the right faces comp master do Map the values of dataset 1 with map slave master surf dsi Check the mapping with ds lel plot fv slave Write the file with the mapped values send slave abq pres dsi el Check the file slave_dsie1 dlo with an editor and use it in an inp file If the master values are not available in either inp or frd format but in any other format which can be read by cgx isaac openFoam it is then possible to write them in frd format with the send command 104 B 11 How to run cgx in batch mode Most commands can be executed in batch mode Actually if you read a file with geometry fbd file then you run cgx in batch mode already You just have to add exit or quit at the end of the file and it will be obvious You might use the fread command in such a command file to reference other command files or to read files with mesh entities for whatever purposes In such a way you can create and modify geometry or meshes in batch mode or evaluate results in batch mode But you need a graphic capable computer because cgx needs it also if no graphic output is requested Nevertheless the popup of the graphic window can be suppressed if cgx was started with the bg parameter B 12 How to deal with cad geometry A simple step reader is integrated in cgx It can deal with points and lines You might start with a
19. 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 TU TU UT UT UV UT UT UT TU UT TU UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT TU 4222422242222 242242 AA ADA A AA A as Lr Da Da a DA a DD DA Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Da Dl H u td o SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA SEQA LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE PO4X P04Z PO5H P052 P054 P056 P058 POSI P05J POSL POSM POSN PO5S PO5V POON PO2M PO3B PO3C PO3E PO3P pli p12 S006 S007 SOOW SOOR 5005 SOOT S001 SOOE SOOL SOOA S00X S002 SOOP L003 LOOC LOOE L004 LOSF LOSS LO5C L006 L007 L008 LOOG 0 0758 0 0257 0 0006 0 1807 0 1813 0 0011 0 0001 0 0124 0 0061 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 2344 0 2347 0 2416 0 2340 0 2453 0 2446 1 0000 1 0000 pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt pnt PO1A P052 8 2 5 4 3 8 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 al 4 5 6 4 0 0 PO1A P019 POSB P052 P058 POSF PO1A PO3E P052 PO2M P03C POON POSP 910 POOA P017 P049 P04G P04Z POSD P009 P002 PO4D POOT PO4R P004 POOR PO1A P019 S006 120 P019 PO1B S007 120 p4 P1 150 P2 PO5L PO5L PO5S P1 PO5J 1 PO1B P054 P019 P056 P058 P019 PO5S PO5V 204 912 20 910 910 910 210 02519 02355 30887 03754 02465 02891 02250 50000 50000 34112 29206 05780 05314 00217 01345
20. Displacement for a detailed description of the equivalent menu function 8 105 volu volu lt set gt This keyword is used to calculate the volume and the center of gravity of a set of volume elements If an ccx input file with density data was read then the mass will be also calculated 8 106 zap zap lt set gt This keyword is used to delete all entities of a set and the set itself All depending entities will be deleted as well 8 107 zoom zoom lt scale gt lt pix gt lt ply gt lt p2x gt lt p2y gt 83 This keyword is used to scale the model in the window For example zoom 2 will increase the size of the representation of the model by a factor of 2 A certain region of the model can be specified with two corner points of an imagi nary rectangle The coordinates are relative to the graphic window which has its origin at the left lower corner and as a fraction of the edge lengths For example zoom 0 0 0 5 0 5 will display the third quadrant of the window scaled by a factor of 2 34 9 Element Types Node numbering of the elements and the type numbers used in the Result For mat frd file The solvers might use different node numbering rules 1 2 node beam element be2 type 11 85 3 node beam element be3 type 12 3 node shell element tr3 tr3u type 7 6 node shell element tr6 type 8 4 node shell element qu4 type 9 87 4 e e 8 o O e 1 5
21. If that does not help then probably a command is waiting for input Stay with the mouse pointer inside the window and press the q key several times Another very popular error is to move the mouse pointer into the xterm were the typed commands and the protocol is visible Please the mouse pointer MUST stay in the main window during typing A 2 During Meshing If a body can not be meshed although no obvious error is in its definition then the reason could be that the shape of the body is very far from being brick like Subdivide the body to improve the shapes of the single ones For the moment there are some restrictions for the definition of five or seven sided bodies For example the first two surfaces in the body topology see gbod have to be defined in the same order That means the first line of the first surface has to be connected with the first line in the second surface by one of the remaining surfaces This is always the case if the body is a product of a Bwep command A 3 Program generates a segmentation fault Write a mail to the author and if possible add the input file BJ 98 B Tips and Hints The following collection will give you background information and procedures to deal with common situations B 1 How to change the format of the movie file Use a shell command like convert to split up movie gif with multiple layers into multiple frames as seperate jpeg files convert movie gif Kd jpg Convert any ser
22. In case of a single surface with the parameter auto all surfaces will be flipped in a way that they share a common direction in or out of a volume See also qflp 8 20 flpc gt flpc This command changes the colour of the scale Initialy the default is red for high values and blue for low values The command will invert the current state 8 21 font font d 1 lt value 1 6 gt 33 This command changes the drawing font Six fonts of different heigh are avail able font d 6 selects the highest font for the drawing area were font 11 selects the smallest one for the legend The default is selected if no number is specified font d or font 8 22 frame frame This command fits the model into the drawing area 8 23 gbod gt gbod lt name char lt 9 gt NORM lt surf gt lt surf gt gt 5 7 surfaces This keyword is used to define or redefine a body in the most basic way see also Tabod Each body must have five to seven surfaces to be mesh able However the number of recommended surfaces is six The first two surfaces should be the top and the bottom surfaces For example gbod B001 NORM S001 5002 S005 S004 S003 S006 will create a body B001 The keyword NORM is a necessary placeholder for future functionallity but has no actual meaning Next follow the surfaces with a sign or in front that indicates the orientation of
23. Mark J Kilgard CalculiX GraphiX cgx from Klaus Wittig klaus wittigQ calculix de NETGEN unstructured mesher http www hpfem jku at netgen dolfyn Open Source CFD code http www dolfyn net Duns a two and three dimensional cfd code http sourceforge net projects duns ISAAC a two and three dimensional cfd code http isaac cfd sourceforge net OpenFOAM a three dimensional cfd code http www opencfd co uk Tochnog a free fem code http tochnog sourceforge net Tutorial for CalculiX from Dr Guido Dhondt http www dhondt de tutorial html 122 11 12 13 14 15 ImageMagick 5 1 0 00 01 01 Q 8 cristygQmystic es dupont com Copy right Copyright C 2000 ImageMagick Studio Mozilla Foundation http www firefox com S A Coons Surfaces for computer aided design of space forms Project MAC MIT 1964 Revised to MAC TR 41 1967 mesh2d unstructured 2D mesher from B Kaan Karamete Ph D No URL Available Paul Dierckx Curve and Surface Fitting with Splines Oxford University Press 1993 123
24. NOT marked in the dataset as 18 vectors can be displayed with vector needles This command line approach with ds is the only way to display duns cfd results with vector needles See also the command cal how to manipulate the length of the vectors 7 2 13 Toggle Add Displacement It is possible to display results on the deformed structure For example you can display a stress field on the deformed structure If you know a suitable amplification factor for your displacements then use the call command to issue this value but this can also be done later Of course displacements for the Loadcase must be available 7 3 Animate This option allows the animation of displacements See also ds and ical to use this functionality with the command line It is possible to create this sequence from just one Dataset see IStartl This is useful for displaying mode shapes See also Toggle Dataset Sequence to create a sequence from multiple Datasets to visualize dynamic responses 7 3 1 Start Creates a sequence of display lists to visualize displacements for example mode shapes The program recognizes displacements just by the name of the dataset This name must start with the letters DISP otherwise the animation will not start see Nodal Results Block 7 3 2 Tune Value Controls the amplitude of the animation If Toggle Real Displacements was chosen before the tune value is equivalent to the amplification of th
25. POSI PO5H P05J POON PO3P PO3B PO1B P054 PO3E PO2M cl pli pl2 120 L005 P000 P019 L001 LOOK C001 C004 A001 A002 A003 A004 A005 AOOT AOOJ AOOK AOOL AOON HE tee t a BLEND HI BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND 912 130 130 130 204 130 204 S001 SOOE SOOL SOOA S00X S002 SOOP 120 L002 LOON L003 L006 LOOC L008 LO6C LO4W LO4V L04Z L06J LO4V 130 120 120 150 210 120 110 210 110 205 205 LOOA L000 C004 LO3S LOO7 LO5Z LOOI L050 L004 LO5C LO5D L052 121 LOOL L006 L008 LO3R LOOG LOSV LO4X L04Z L06J LO5F LO6H L009 cool LOOE L003 LO6C L007 C004 L050 L054 LO6I LO5A GSUR A000 BLEND LO6H LO6F LOSI L059 GSUR AOOP BLEND LO4W LO3R L058 L052 GSUR AOOR BLEND LO4X LO54 LO56 LO3S GSUR AOOS BLEND L058 LO5V LOBL LO6F GSUR AOOT BLEND L056 LO6I LO5S L05Z SETA wall 1 LO5C SETA wall 1 L059 SETA wall 1 LO5A SETA wall 1 LO5D SETA profil 1 LOOC SETA profil 1 LOOE SETA profil 1 L001 SETA profil 1 LOOA SETA profil 1 L009 SETA profil 1 L002 SETA profil 1 LOOL SETA in 1 L004 SETA out 1 LO5F SETA out 1 LO5S SETA out 1 LOOG SETA out 1 LOOI SETA out 1 LO5I SETA out 1 LO5L References 1 OpenGL Like Rendering Toolkit from Brian Paul O LU Ae W N 10 http www mesa3d org OpenGL Utility Toolkit GLUT from
26. as equally located when the distance between them is less than gtol 8 29 hcpy hcpy ps xwd gif png make 1s clean def xwd This keyword creates a hardcopy in one of the above formats Default is xwd Use the program convert to convert to other formats if needed 37 hcpy ps will create a ps file hepy make Is will bundle all ps files created in one file using the landscape ls format The ls parameter may be omitted A maximum of six pictures is placed on each page hcpy clean will remove all hcpy files See also the commands Rextl rot del max and min which might be used in hcpy batch files These commands should be used in the shown order before using the hcpy command 8 30 help help This keyword prints a short overview of all commands 8 31 Icmb lcmb lt name char lt 9 gt lt line gt lt line gt gt lt line gt up to 14 lines ADD lt line gt lt line gt gt lt line gt up to 14 lines This keyword is used to define extend or redefine a combined line lemb Com bined lines are necessary if the edge of a surface should be made of more than one line Usually the user does not create lemb s directly They are created automatically during the process of defining a surface with the command qsur There is no limitation to the number of lines in a combined line However
27. file list file txt The created set name is always the name of the file In case NETGEN is used for meshing then the edges which are generated by NETGEN can be included for modifications read edge file edg will create beam elements based on the defined edges When the modifications are done the beam elements can be exported in the NETGEN edge format with the send setname stl command see also How to deal with cad geometry If a pixel file in xwd format of a certain geometry is available it can be in cluded as a background picture The user can then create geometry based on this picture read pixelfile and delete it with dell pic The picture can not be modified in any way in cgx So scaling or other modifications to make it fit into cgx have to be made with another software 8 81 rep rep lt set gt This keyword is used to refresh entities of a certain set This is done automati cally but with one exception The rendering of the interior definition of surfaces must be triggered manually with this command The rendered surfaces can be displayed with plot or plus using the type si 8 82 rnam rnam lt set gt lt set gt This keyword is used to rename a set 8 83 rot rot Pula Pre Proe lt an le gt 8 Px 22x y y 17 2 7 This keyword is used to rotate the view direction to the model For example rot u 10 64 will rotate the view direction 10 degrees upwards The m
28. gt 2s b S L gt h m 1 q 1 8 1 t u gt gt This keyword is used to add entities to a set See also seta But a set will not keep the sequence in which the entities were selected Use seqa or the command asoq if the order of the selected entities has to be kept After an entitiy was selected you get certain informations about the entity If the node which belongs to the maximum or minimum value in a certain area has to be stored in a set you might use the same key strokes as described for the command eng To catch more than one entity with one stroke type a all at first Then create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the selection rectangle To catch only the entity which is closest to the user type i before Then move the mouse pointer over the entity s and press one of the following keys for Nodes n Elements e Faces f Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S node attached texts t and for Nurb Lines L Press q to quit the command It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 56 qali qali RETURN gt w Pp PR Pq This keyword is used to align a plane defined by three points or nodes with the screen working plane This is useful if a point or a node should be m
29. is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 57 seu x 8 70 qnor qnor RETURN w p A new line normal to a plane defined by three points is created It starts at the last point 8 71 qpnt gt qpnt lt name gt optional RETURN gt w Pp Pg PePe Pe PEP This keyword is used to create or move points see also pnt The user might specify a name in the command line if a certain name should be used To create a point move the mouse pointer to the desired location and press the key g generate or over an existing node and press n uses then the node coordinates After a point was selected with p it can be moved in different ways Either in the screen plane for this go to the desired position and press m move Or the point can be moved to the position of a second point for Ma this go to the second point which coordinates should be used and press p again If the coordinates of a node should be used press n instead Also a normal projection to a nurbs related surface from cad systems is feasible by choosing the target surface with the s key or a NURBS surface with the S key either before or after the point was marked See or the section Orientation how to rotate the model into a certain position Press q to quit the command or u to undo the last action If you picked the wrong point the one which should be moved just pick the same again and pick then
30. or realplay If the animation is stopped with the middle mouse button while in the menu area then the movie stops until it is released by pressing the middle mouse button again See movil for the keyboard options Further remarks in How to change the format of the movie file 7 12 Help Starts the html help and displays this document It only works if the specified html viewer is available The default is Firefox but this can be changed in the cgx h file The search path for the documentation is also defined in the cgx h file Please make sure that the documentation is in the speci fied location or change the path in the cgx h file and recompile the pro gram after the object files are deleted The default location for the html help is CalculiX cgx_X X doc cgx and CalculiX ccx_X X doc ccx for cgx and ccx respectively The html files must be downloaded directly or compiled from the latex source for this function to work properly The INSTALL file tells how to compile the latex code to html The INSTALL file is located Cal culiX cgx X X and CalculiX ccx_X X for cgx and ccx respectively 7 13 Quit This terminates the program without a save 8 Commands This section is a reference to all commands and their parameters in alphabetic order If a command is typed the mouse pointer must be in the main window figure 2 Only the echo of the input stream is visible in the parent xterm The keywords are n
31. or lembs otherwise the surface will not be created The most convenient way to define surfaces is to use the command qsur If the name of the surface should be automatically generated then just type instead of a name 8 98 swep gt swep lt set gt lt set gt scal lt fx gt lt fy gt lt fz gt lt P0 gt lt div gt a JI tra lt dx gt lt dy gt lt dz gt lt div gt a rot lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt alfa gt lt div gt a JI Prot x y z p lt pnt gt lt dr gt lt div gt a JI rad lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt alfa gt lt div gt a Prad x y z p lt pnt gt lt dr gt lt div gt a JI mir lt P1 gt lt P2 gt lt div gt a This keyword is used to sweep entities into the next higher dimension Sweeping a point will create a line sweeping a line will create a surface and sweeping a surface will create a body At first a copy of the first set see seta and Copy will 80 be created The copy of the master set is included in the second set Then the connecting lines and surfaces are created and at last the bodies The divisions of the new lines between setl and set2 is specified with the parameter div or the default is used Existing sets are extended by the copied entities if the last parameter a append is provided Several transformations are available For example scal creates a scaled copy the scaling factors fx fy fz c
32. rec does not wor for stresses so far 8 103 ucut ucut If a section through the mesh was created with the Teut or Jacut command then this command will delete the cut and display the un cutted structure 82 8 104 view view edge off elem off surf volu front gt back vec off disp off Commands to control the graphic output This command is intended for batch mode See also Viewing for the menu controlled functions e edge triggers the display of the model edges were e elem triggers the display of the element edges They are deselected with the additional parameter off e surf and volu are used to display the structure either only by it s outer skin surf or by drawing all elements volu e front and back define which side of the structure should be drawn Either the side which faces the user or the back side If the back side is displayed then internal structures are visible e vec triggers the vector mode All vector entities like displacements are displayed with arrows pointing in the direction of the vector and with a length proportional to the value of the vector See Toggle Vector Plotl for a detailed description of the equivalent menu function e disp will show the deformed structure based on a formerly selected dis placement dataset no entity must be selected See Toggle Add
33. reduced integration i incompatible modes f fluid element for ccx If the element type is omitted the assignment is deleted If all parameters are omitted the actual assignments are posted elty will print only the sets with assigned elements Multiple definitions are pos sible For example elty all deletes all element definitions If the geometry was already meshed the mesh will NOT be deleted If the mesh command is executed again after new assign ments has taken place additional elements will be created elty all he20 assigns 20 node brick elements to all bodies in the set all elty part1 he8 redefines that definition for all bodies in the set part1 elty part2 qu8 assigns 8 node shell elements to all surfaces in set part2 Be aware of the command mids to remove or include mid side nodes of elements Especially if you use the unstructured element type tr3u In this case you might change the linear triangles to tr6 elements with this command 8 16 eng enq lt set gt lt set gt set lt setname gt gt P rec lt x value gt _ lt y value gt _ lt z value gt _ JJ gt 31 cyl x y z lt r value gt _ lt axis value gt _ gt tol i a h 1 lt value gt This command is used to locate entities from a certain set first provided set and stores them in the second set The following entities are handled nodes points l
34. set called sequence The data structure is the same but with one exception the data keep their order in which they were selected This type of set is used for splines see qlin and line or in combination with the graph command if values along a path should be displayed Use prnt sq to list all existing sequences and use RFeqj or peqaj to create them Up to now they are only used to store nodes and points As sets they will be written to a file if fbd format is specified In this case also node sequences can be stored 99 B 3 How to enquire node numbers and values at certain locations A very common problem is how to get the exact value on a node position during post processing To actually get the value add the element edges to the view see Toggle Element Edges and type Renqjand press the RETURN key during typing the mouse pointer MUST stay in the main window do NOT move the pointer into the xterm Then move the mouse pointer over the location of a node and press the n key The node number the value at that node and the location will be written in the xterm from which the cgx was started See also the png command for batch controlled value extraction B 4 How to select only nodes on the surface Some times you need to select nodes only on the surface of the mesh This can be done when the mesh is displayed in the surface mode see Toggle Surfaces Volumes using the menu entry Show Elements With Lightl
35. setname then the program generates automatically sets with system defined setnames and stores entities in it Up to now the only case were this can be used is to separate independent meshes The single independent meshes are then referenced by new setnames for example seta all will determine all separate disjunct meshes in set all and store them in sets called CF lt nr gt Figure 9 illustrates this function 8 89 setc gt setc lt set gt This keyword is used to close an open set Without parameter setc will close the at last opened set 8 90 sete sete lt set gt in e p 17 c 1 8 b S gt PL se sh max min strict This keyword is used to enquire other sets which have entities in common or which have an identical content Example 77 Figure 9 All disjunct meshes in the jet engine are successive coloured sete blade p min searches for sets who store at least the same points as blade always the set all The option max searches for sets whose entities are completely included in the specified set The option strict searches for identical sets regarding the specified type of entity 8 91 seti gseti lt set gt er e Pp IFP Ire Pes le IPS L se sh lt set gt lt set gt This keyword is used to generate an intersection of certain sets what do the specified sets have in common of the specified entity type Example se
36. the correct one It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 72 qnod qnod RETURN gt w Pp PR Pu This keyword is used to move nodes see also node To move a node move the mouse pointer to the desired node and press p pick then go to the desired position and press m move Seelgalilor the section Orientation how to rotate the model into a certain position Press q to quit the command or u to undo the last action It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 73 qrem qrem lt set gt RETURN w l a l a 1 r lem e lf lp ll l s Pp 58 This keyword is used to erase entities from a set see also setr To remove entities move the mouse pointer over the entity and press the following keys for Nodes n Elements e Faces f Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S and for Nurb Lines L To catch more than one entity with one stroke type a before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle To catch only one entity type i before Press q to quit the comman
37. the volume mode v 7 2 10 Toggle Move Z Zoom Instead of zooming in with the help of the middle mouse button it is also possible to move a clipping plane through the structure to get a view of the inside The clipping plane is parallel to the screen and will be moved in the direction to and from the user by pressing the middle mouse button and moving the pointer up and down while inside the drawing area Usually it needs some mouse movements until the clipping plane has reached the structure Depending on hardware this functionality could be slow After zooming in consider using the plot and plus commands to customize your view 7 2 11 Toggle Background Color With this option it is possible to switch between a black and a white back ground 7 2 12 Toggle Vector Plot It is possible to add small needles to the plot which point with their heads in the direction of the vectors Only entities which are marked in the database as vectors will be affected See Nodal Results Block for information on how entities are marked as vectors Internally calculated vector results like the worst principal stress are marked automatically If one component or the value of a vector is selected then the option takes immediate effect This option can be used in combination with Animate Toggle Dataset Sequence See also the keyboard command lds how to select datasets and entities with the keyboard In this case entities which are
38. type usually elty all tr3u In rectangular situations the element type tr3 gives better results If you use NETGEN 4 later on for the generation of the tet mesh then you should also prepare edges for the mesher Usually it is good enough if you mesh all lines Use be2 elements for the edges Mesh all mesh all If some surfaces can not be meshed then modify the divisions of the lines of this surfaces see qdiv or chose the structured element type tr3 for this surfaces Or change some parameters of the 106 unstructured mesher see asgnj See also the commands ladell and Tacle to fix elements manually e Visualize and check the mesh plus e all Export the mesh send all stl If the model consists of several unconnected parts separate them in single sets and send one after the other in stl format seelgaddigremycomp Beside the stl file a so called edge file for NETGEN will be created if be2 elements are included in the mesh Create the tet mesh outside of cgx If you use NETGEN then better use the self created edges In NETGEN open the stl doctor and go in the edges menu There delete all edges with all undefined then load the edges with load edgedata and activate them with candidate to confirm Then mesh the model Use Abaqus format for the export Or if you use NETGEN use the native netgen format file extensin vol The latter will keep the surface meshing domains which can then be used to ap
39. use rr keys to select the surface NOTA It s easy to verify the different sets for example K plot b all you can see all the volumes K plus s LOAD you can see the set LOAD K plus s ANCHORAG K plus s SYMETRY 9 Mesh K plot ld all K div all mult 2 K elty all HE20 to specify HEXAHEDRA with 20 nodes K elty LOAD qu to mesh the set LOAD otherwise no quads will be created K elty ANCHORAG qu K elty SYMETRY K mesh all to mesh the part with all dat name K send all sam to export the mesh into Samcef format K send LOAD sam nam to export groups into Samcef format K send ANCHORAG sam nam see previous remark K send SYMETRY sam nam 111 10 Modifications It s possible now to make some modifications a open all dat file with your favorite text editor Vi for me b open ANCHORAG nam amp the SYMETRIC nam files and do the same as previously c concatenate under Linux the files using the following schema cat all dat LOAD nam gt si m cat si m ANCHORAG nam gt s2 m cat s2 m SYMETRY nam gt part dat all the sx m files will be erased afterward d open PART dat file and go to the end gt then add RETURN e the mesh file now works with Samcef Another interesting way add for each nam file an input in your bank file input part dat input LOAD nam input ANCHORAG nam etc 11 IMPORTANT REMARK After it s possible to modify the mesh i
40. with one command not more than 14 lines can be specified at a time To specify more than that or to extend an existing lemb a modify command has to follow For example lemb U260 U249 U248 U247 U243 U237 U236 U231 U219 defines the lemb U260 with 8 lines and their orientation in the lemb The following command lemb U260 ADD U218 U217 extends the lemb U260 by two additional lines 38 8 32 length length lt set gt This keyword is used to calculate the length of all lines stored in a set 8 33 line line lt name char lt 9 gt lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt cplseg gt lt div gt This keyword is used to define or redefine a line A line depends on points A line can only be defined if the necessary points are already defined There are three different types of lines available The straight line line 11 pl p2 4 is defined by its name 11 the name could have up to 8 characters by the points pl and p2 and optionally by the division The arc line pl p2 cp 4 needs a center point cp The radius changes linear from pl to p2 if the center point cp is excentric The name is chosen automatically triggered by the char acter The spline line 11 pl p2 seq 4 needs a so called sequential set seq use the command to define such a set This set seq stores the spline points between the end points in the right order The spline function is described in 15 Usually a line is defined inter
41. zoom through the model Skilled users might include their own functions For example someone may need his own functions to manipulate the result data or he may need an interface to read or write his own results format see also Tealll Both the pre and post processing can be automated in batch mode see also How to run cgx in batch model 3 File Formats The following file formats are available to write w and or read r geometric entities e fbd format r w this format consists of a collection of commands ex plained in the section TCommands and it is mainly used to store geo metrical information like points lines surfaces and bodies But it can also be used to define a batch job which uses the available commands e step format r reverse engineered based on some cad files Only points and certain types of lines are supported currently e stl format r w this format describes a shape using only triangles see the read command to handle edges generated by NETGEN Common CAD formats are supported by stand alone interfaces which translate into fbd commands The following file formats are available to write a mesh and certain boundary conditions e Abaqus which is also used by the CalculiX solver ccx e Ansys most boundary conditions available Code_Aster mesh and sets of nodes and elements are available e Samcef mesh and sets of nodes and elements are available dolfyn a free cfd code 5 duns
42. 02 0 00000 1 00000 0 70711 0 00000 0 70711 0 00000 0 707114 0 707114 0 00000 0 00000 pi P001 POOL 8 P001 P003 POOL pi P006 POOL 8 P006 P008 POOL P001 P006 POOC P003 P008 POOL pi POOK POOL 8 POOK POON POOL P006 POOK POOC P008 POON POOL o 00 8 8 8 Ls so Ls L003 L006 L009 LOOI 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 50000 70711 00000 710711 00000 00000 L002 L005 L008 L001 BLEND L003 LOO1 L006 B begin appendix L002 L006 L004 L008 115 O 1 L 00000 00000 00000 L004 L007 LOOA LOOJ 00000 00000 70711 00000 50000 710711 00000 00000 00000 00000 Figure 15 Segment of a Sphere GSUR A006 BLEND L003 GSUR A004 BLEND L004 ELTY all QU4 C 4 Sphere Volume PNT py 0 00000 PNT pi 1 00000 PNT P006 0 70711 PNT P008 0 00000 PNT POOC 0 70711 PNT POOK 0 70711 PNT POOL 0 00000 PNT POON 0 00000 LINE L001 pi POOL 8 LINE L002 POOL P008 8 LINE L003 pi P006 POOL 8 LOOG LOOA LOOG LOOC LOOJ 1 00000 0 00000 0 50000 0 70711 0 00000 0 70711 0 00000 1 00000 116 0 00000 0 00000 0 50000 0 70711 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GSUR GBOD ELTY L004 L005 LOOA LOOC LOOG LOOJ A001 A002 A006 A004 A003 B001 Figure 16 Segment of a Sphere Volume P006 P008 POO
43. 100CL101 100C starts a user defined result block 4 DISP 3 1 Attribute Header Record Dataset 5 Dil 1 2 1 0 Component Definition Record Entity 5 D2 1 2 2 0 5 D3 1 2 3 0 MM VV MM VM V MMM V V MV VV VV VV V I 1 0 00000E 00 1 00000E 00 1 00000E 00 Nodal Values 91 gt 1 2 1 00000E 00 0 00000E 00 0 00000E 00 gt 3 lend of the current block gt 9999 lend of data The binary format applys only for data lines and the end of the current block line 3 which is omitted All other lines are the same 10 1 Model Header Record Purpose Defines the name of the model Format 1X 1 C A6 Values KEY CODE NAME 10 2 User Header Record Purpose Stores additional user informations regarding the job ie user id creation date model informations Format 1X 1 U A66 Values KEY CODE STRING 10 3 Nodal Point Coordinate Block Purpose Defines the nodal coordinates 1 Record Format 1X 2 C 18X 112 37X 11 Values KEY CODE NUMNOD FORMAT Where KEY 2 CODE C NUMNOD Number of nodes in this block FORMAT Format indicator O short format 1 long format 2 binary format Following records ascci FORMAT 0 1 Short Format 1X 1 15 3E12 5 Long Format 1X 1 110 3E12 5 Values KEY NODE X Y Z Where KEY 1 NODE node number Keats coordinates 92 Following records binary FORMAT 2 Format int NCOMPS float int an
44. 110 MPa then 110 MPa would be shown The three principal stresses 04 da 03 are derived from the following equation Orr Ory rg nr 0 Tye Oyy A Oyz ny 0 Gag Oxy Ozz nz 0 They are given by the three roots of the equation stress tensor is symmetric Oxy Oya etc 3 2 2 E Cra Oy t022 Fiat F Oy Pax atas Ee a 2 2 2 2 Elo Ter yyO zz 20 7y0y20 20 ui OraO yz OyyO za T Ozz0 zy 0 11 3 Tresca Stresses Entity name Tresca This is the maximum shear stress Tresca 0 5 x 01 03 97 11 4 Cylindrical Stresses Entity names SXX STT SRR SXT STR SRX The Cylindrical Stresses are truly cartesin stresses in a cylindrical system re garding the node psition So the stress tensor is rotated individually for each node They are calculated on demand see trfm 12 User Functions The user might define his own functions to manipulate the mesh or the re sults with the user function stored in file userFunction c See the command kal how to call a user function The user can generate new nodes elements or datasets or extend or manipulate existing datasets or interfaces to other software The file userFunction c includes an example which calculates the hydrostatic stress and stores the result in a new dataset There the user can see how to deal with datasets A Known Problems A 1 Program is not responding If the program seems to hang then leave the window with the mouse pointer and go in again
45. 24 NANA POOJ POOK POOL P000 POOP POOR POOS POOT POOV POOW POOX P00Z P010 P011 P012 P013 P014 P015 P016 P017 P019 P1 P2 p3 p4 PO1A PO1B P046 P059 P049 PODA P04C PO4D PO5C P04G PO4H PO4I PO5D PO4L PO4M POSF PO4P PO4R POAT PO5G PO4W 05000 02500 01250 25000 24688 24375 23750 23125 22500 21250 20000 18750 17500 15000 12500 10000 07500 05000 02500 01250 00000 50000 50000 50000 50000 18162 18180 27025 26599 25144 35589 22636 20128 38027 12604 07588 02572 31932 27652 27025 20962 25373 22676 20124 01132 12604 00770 00420 00230 00000 00308 00427 00565 00653 00730 00875 00993 01070 01115 01120 01043 00917 00750 00540 00308 00175 00000 50000 50000 50000 50000 01898 01094 01256 28688 02439 17566 03241 03643 00958 03833 03616 03231 21136 00154 00803 27840 01567 02143 02394 29145 02508 119 oo0Oo00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
46. 8 node shell element qu8 type 10 4 1 2 4 node tet element type 3 88 8 10 3 5 6 2 10 node tet element type 6 8 7 8 node brick element he8 type 1 89 20 A 7 5 V A 18 6 166 e 15 Ll 14 4 11 12 dp o Dra ana de 3 Ly 10 9 2 20 node brick element he20 type 4 6 node penta element pe6 type 2 90 15 node penta element pel5 type 5 10 Result Format Listing of the mesh and the nodal results format The data are stored in fixed format Node element definitions and results might be in ascii or binary coding The ascii format is able to store element and node numbers up to 99999 in the short form or up to 79999999999 im the long form An example for the short form is shown below 1Ctest 1221C defines a new calc of name test 1UDATE 26 march 2000 1U stores user job informations 2C 17220 starts a block of node coordinates 1 00000E 00 0 00000E 00 0 00000E 00 1 node A 2 10000E 01 0 00000E 00 0 00000E 00 2 node 3 lend of the current block 3C 1223C starts a block of element definitions 0 Ifirst element type of that element is 4 he20 2 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 5 6 T 8 9 10 11 2 12 17 18 19 20 twenty nodes defining that element O 0 I pa ER ww O D y D quen 3 lend of the current block 1PHID 10 defines a parameter with the name HID and assignes the value 10
47. And send move nodes abq spc 1 0 1 will move the nodes in set move nodes by 0 1 in direction 1 send move nodes abq spc 1 dsl el will use the values from dataset nr 1 and the entity nr 1 for the forced dis placement in direction 1 and send move nodes abq spc nor 0 1 will force the nodes included in set move nodes by 0 1 in the normal direc tion normal to the element faces The components of the vectors at the node positions can be scaled individually facl 3 A subsequent calculation with ccx will move the mesh accordingly After solving the deformed mesh can be used as a new mesh for further calculations With this procedure geometric variations are possible without manipulating the geometry morphing The parameter slide in combination with one additional parameter will create equations that force the selected nodes to move only in a plane If the additional parameter s is specified then the specified nodes will be attached to their element faces All nodes of the affected element faces have to be selected For example you type send sur abq slide s and this should attach the node with the node nr 1 to a plane parallel to the surface of the corresponding element face This element uses the node 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and 8 where 1 2 3 and 4 are on the surface of the mesh The program will detect this element face and constrain the node only then if the nodes 2 3 and 4 were also included in the set sur The detected el
48. CalculiX USER S MANUAL CalculiX GraphiX Version 2 5 Klaus Wittig September 27 2012 Figure 1 A complex model made from scratch using second order brick elements Contents 2 Concept 6 Input Device co E 7 2 8 Toggle Element Edges 7 2 9 Toggle Surfaces Volumes 7 2 10 Toggle Move Z Zoo 7 3 3 Steps per Period 7 3 4 Time per Period 7 10 Orientatio 710 1 x Vie 7 10 5 z Vie Lease bad Ll ah oS Ga oes es 21 GAS QUI gos bee aed 8 aoe So he Bore ke Ba els 22 e Che bee bags ta dt a mi cs 34 8 25 grap 8 28 cto 8 32 lenet 60 61 8 79 qui 61 61 64 64 64 65 65 66 76 76 77 77 78 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 81 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 85 91 adas ads 92 AA A kee ee ok 92 oe eh el db BS ee ee 92 A soe 93 Nuri 2a dha e ed ened 94 rada cota ge aus 94 11 Pre defined Calculation 97 11 1 Von Mises Equivalent Stresy 97 11 2 Principal Stressed LL LL LL LL LL LL 97 11 3 Tresca Stresseg LL o Lo LL 97 11 4 Cylindrical Stresses mmm casas dr dr dn a 98 12 User Function 98 A Known Problems 98 A l Program is not responding roses 98 A2 During Meshind se ee i a ene td 98 dards ie haute ere aad 98 99 ee ene 99 2 How to define a
49. L 8 POOL POON 8 pi POOK POOL 8 POOK POON P006 POOK P008 POON E 3 4 BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND BLEND POOL POOC POOL L003 L005 L003 L004 L002 L001 L002 L004 LOO1 LOOA LOOC LOOG LOOA LOOG LOOC LOOJ LOOJ L005 NORM A006 A003 A004 A002 A001 all HE20 117 C 5 Airfoil for cfd codes All surfaces must be oriented in the same way The sets are used to define areas for the boundary conditions SAAT NUTT I ATT ETT TT LTT LLA AN A Uf ATA CI I Hy TARTAN Py ea A A HA VIVO UM Um P002 P003 P004 P005 P006 P007 P008 P009 POOA POOC POOE POOG POOL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 il i Figure 17 Airfoil for cfd codes 24688 24375 23750 23125 22500 21250 20000 18750 17500 15000 12500 10000 07500 oO SS SO OM boet OC OC OC ee 00667 00903 01228 01450 01608 01798 01875 01900 01888 01785 01602 01368 01090 118 o0o00000000000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 Ro TU eas TV UV UV TU UV UT UT TU as ea UT UT UT fog UV oO UT TU UT eo FO i UT UT a rs H 4242222224222 2422422422 4224224222422 342 22 2422 2422 4222422422242 22422422422 2422422242424
50. Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S and for Nurb Lines L The position of nodes or points are given in Cartesian and cylindrical co ordinates see figure 6 axyz are the 3 angles around x y and z rxyz are the 3 radii around x y and z In a second row the sets to which the picked entity belongs are listed Press q to quit the command It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 66 qfil gt qfil lt radius gt RETURN w 21 q The command creates a fillet line a radius between two lines who intersect After the command name the value for the fillet radius has to be specified Then 54 IZ X Figure 6 qenq Definition of the cylindrical system for each pair of selected lines a fillet of this value will be created Select lines with the I key Press q to quit the command Currently it works only for straight lines A curved line can be split and the part which should be used for the fillet can be transformed to a straight form with the Talinf command s and x key strokes Figure 7 shows on the right side the initial situation and on the left side the created fillet The command has also shifted point P002 to the left Always the end point of the first selected line closest to the intersection is moved The seco
51. TYPE element type see section Element Types GROUP element group number see command grps MATERIAL element material number see command mats NODE node number Last Record only FORMAT 0 1 ascii omitted for FORMAT 2 Format 1X 3 Values KEY 10 5 Parameter Header Record Purpose Stores informations related to datasets ie bondary conditions and loads They should consist of a keyword and a value Format 1X 1 P A66 Values KEY CODE STRING Where KEY 1 CODE P STRING Keyword Value ie FORCE 1000 10 6 Nodal Results Block Purpose Stores values on node positions 1 Record Format 1X 100 C 6A1 E12 5 I12 20A1 I2 I5 104A1 I2 Values KEY CODE SETNAME VALUE NUMNOD TEXT ICTYPE NUMSTP ANALYS FORMAT Where KEY 100 CODE C SETNAME Name not used VALUE Could be frequency time or any numerical value NUMNOD Number of nodes in this nodal results block TEXT Any text ICTYPE Analysis type 0 static 94 time step frequency load step user named NUMSTP Step number BWN HKH ANALYS Type of analysis description FORMAT Format indicator 0 short format 1 long format 2 binary format 2 Record Format 1X 12 2X 8A1 215 Values KEY NAME NCOMPS IRTYPE Where KEY 4 NAME Dataset name to be used in the menu NCOMPS Number of entities IRTYPE 1 Nodal data material independent 2 Nodal data ma
52. To find node positions more easily add the element edges to the view see Toggle Element Edges A different way uses the element faces see plot with parameter f Store the desired faces in a new set and complete the set downwards comp set do Check the selected nodes with plot n setname B 5 How to generate a time history plot So called time history plots can be created based on a previous displayed se quence of data sets see Toggle Dataset Sequencel with the command graph It is also possible to use only the command line For example e ds 1e 3 e ds 1 2 10 e graph set t will produce a time history plot for the nodes stored in set over all loadcases from 1 to 10 for the entity nr 3 Or e graph set t DISP D1 will display the displacement in direction 1 for all loadcases For more details and other options look into the graph command description 100 40 Oo EE o LO Le Jig N Il D ES O Z o F qa EL 48 g E E kz Es lt o o F Ju E Lo H O Zz E 2 5 L wo 2 E gt L JO o L JO i 1 i fi i i i o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o 00 N co LO Y q N S l Figure 10 example of a time history plot B 6 How the mesh is related to the geometry Very often you need the embedded nodes element faces or elements of geometric entities to apply boundary conditions If you understand the underlying concept you will be able to get them more easily Geomet
53. U latfmtmf2 frd Figure 5 qcut A section through a model defined by three nodes 8 61 del qdel RETURN W Pe PP PEP Pp PI Ps Pops PELE PHR la This keyword is used to delete entities see also del Higher entities depending ones will be deleted to To delete more than one entity with one stroke type a before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle To delete only one entity type i before Press q to quit the command It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated 52 in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 62 qdis qdis RETURN w c n p 1 q This keyword is used to measure distances between two nodes or points Move the mouse pointer over one entity and press the following key for a node n for a point p or for a center point c If the key c was pressed then the distance between the two nodes or points are given in cylindrical coordinates Here lcir is the length of the arc da the angle dr is r2 r1 If no center point was chosen then the distance and its xyz components are given in the Cartesian system But in addition the cylindrical distances around the origin and around the xyz axis are Dad also given Press q to quit the command e dist global distance e dx dy dz distance in the th
54. a free cfd code 6 e isaac a free cfd code 7 e OpenFOAM a free cfd code 8 only 8 noded brick elements are sup ported e Nastran most boundary conditions available e tochnog a free fem code 9 only 8 noded brick elements are supported The following solver input file formats can be read to check the mesh sets and certain boundary conditions e Abaqus this is also used by the CalculiX solver ccx e Netgen read Netgen native format vol The following file formats are available to read solver results e frd format files of this format are used to read results of previous calcula tions like displacements and stresses This format is described in section Result Format It is also used by ccx e duns a free cfd code 6 e isaac a free cfd code 7 e OpenFOAM a free cfd code 8 For a more detailed description on how to use cgx to read this formats see Program Parameters and the program specific Tips and Hints sections See the send command for how to write them from cgx 4 Getting Started For installation help see Calculix cgx X X INSTALL After the program is installed on your machine you should check the functionality by running the examples included in the distribution The examples are located in Cal culix cgx X X examples Before going further you should read the section Input Devices Then begin with a result file called result frd Just type cgx result frd
55. a surface coming from a cad system should be meshable Unfortunately it does not work for all possible com binations of divisions or all possible shapes of surfaces Also the surface MUST reference a given NURBS surface or a shape to be meshable This is usually Al the case if the data is derived from a cad system with the interface program vda2fbd 8 40 mids mids lt set gt lin gen rem This keyword is used correct the midside node position of higher order elements stored in a set It is performed automatically if a new mesh is created or if nodes are projected to target surfaces The correction will use a circular track defined by the corner nodes and the midside node With the parameter lin the corrected position is halfway between the corner nodes for all inner nodes Nodes on the surface are not affected by the lin option The gen option will generate midside nodes for linear elements like he8 or te4 The rem option will remove midside nodes from the element formulation but the nodes are not deleted The nodes are stored in a new set called delete and the user might ani this set 8 41 min min lt value gt This keyword is used to define the lower value in the scale in the menu area see figure B 8 42 minus minus n e pe 2 Ig pb 2g Lo sh lt set gt This keyword is used to remove entities of a set from the screen see also plus The following ent
56. actively with 8 34 mata mata lt Material Nr gt lt set gt This keyword is used to assign a material number to a set of elements Currently this feature is only useful if the NASTRAN format is used The material number is a numeric attribute assigned to each element of the mesh and will be stored with the mesh in the frd format or nastran format see send For example mata 7 part assigns the material number 7 to all elements in the set part Elements can have just one material number The default number is 1 These numbers will be saved with the mesh if the database is written to the file system with the command 39 send all frd or send all nas If the frd file is used later the material number s are available immediately 8 35 map map lt slave set gt lt master set gt gt L surf volu Mx Py oz rz liry rz ds lt nr gt This keyword is used to map or interpolate values from one mesh to another For example map slave master surf dsl will map the values from Dataset 1 to the nodes of set slave All available datasets will be mapped if no number follows the ds parameter The param eter surf is used for mapping of values from surface to surface 2D to 2D A typical application would be the mapping of pressure The parameter volu triggers the mapping from a 3D mesh to another 3D mesh of the same shape i e temperatures The parameters x y z ar
57. add the parameter add read result file add this forces the program to change the numbers which are already in use to unused ones Existing datasets will be extended by the new node numbers and their data The option ext read result file ext will also extend the existing datasets but in this case the nodes and elements are updated modified If no parameter follows then existing nodes and elements are updated and the new datasets will be appended to existing ones It is also possible to read files written in the result format frd during run time only to define sets of nodes or elements without changing the definitions of them The command read result file setname will create a set of the name setname and all nodes and elements listed in the file mesh frd will be added to that set But this will NOT create or modify the nodes and elements All nodes and elements must exist and will not be changed If a file with the numbers of nodes or elements is not available in the result format frd then a so called list file could be read instead In such a file either numbers of nodes or elements can be defined The numbers found in a spec ified column is interpreted as a node or element number If n is specified the numbers are interpreted as nodes and if e is specified the numbers are 63 interpreted as elements For example read list file e3 will define a set storing names of elements from the third column of
58. and turquois t To display the entities with attributes use the type in combination with an attribute second letter For example plot la all will display all lines with their names The attribute d works only for lines plot Id all will display all lines with their division and bias see bia The division is given by the last two numbers 1 99 and the bias by the leading number If there is more than one number in front of the division the number has to be divided by a factor of ten to get the bias 10130 means a bias of 10 1 and a div of 30 Also the attribute p works only for lines In this case the lines with its end points are drawn plot Ip all This is useful to detect the begin and end of all lines If end points are deleted the line is also deleted Therefore special care with end points is necessary Shaded surfaces plot si all can only be displayed if the interiour was previously calculated which is done with the command rep The attribute t applies only to nodes and will display only the ones which have attached texts plot nt all will display only the nodes which have attached texts out of the set all They are created with Igadd Taengj or fatxt The attribute q works only for elements With this attribute only elements which do not pass the element quality check are displayed plot eq all The threshold for the element quality is defined with Tegal The attribute 46 v works only for nodes plot n
59. ataset but instead of releasing the left mouse button over a Dataset continue to the bottom of the sub menu to Entity Continue from that item to the right and release the mouse button when the pointer is over an entity Now the data is displayed in the drawing area 16 7 2 Viewing In the following sections changing properties and styles of the displayed struc ture are explained See the command view to control the functions with the command line 7 2 1 Show Elements With Light This is the default view of the mesh if the program was started in viewing mode If used any animation will be interrupted and no values are displayed 7 2 2 Show Bad Elements This option presents elements which have a negative Jacobian value at least at one integration point The solver cecx can not deal with those elements So far only TET and HEX elements are checked These elements are stored in the set called NJBY See also the command Boel 7 2 3 Fill This is the default mode and forces the element faces to be rendered 7 2 4 Lines The edges of the element faces are displayed This is especially useful to see into the structure to find hot spots in the displayed field With Toggle Move Z Zoom and lacut a more detailed analysis can follow For very dense meshes switch to Dots 7 2 5 Dots The corners of the element faces will be displayed This is especially useful if values inside the structure need checked 7 2 6 To
60. center point must be selected with the c key or one point on the line between the end points must be selected with the m key but the last point must be selected with the key g In case you need to split a line during the process you can do that by pressing the s key When you want to modify the length then pick an existing line with the key 1 and then the endpoint you want to move with the key p The displacement is requested and the point is moved in the direction of the line by the specified displacement The x key will transform the line into a straight line One quite special function is triggered by the e key exchange This allows to modify an existing combined line which is used in surface or body definitions With that command a line or a line sequence in a can be exchanged by the previous generated line For example one edge of an already existing surface uses a lemb but the user wants to replace it by a spline then the user defines the new spline and then moves the mouse in an area were one of the old lines the new one might be present as well is located and presses the e key The definition of the lemb will be changed without destroying the surface definition Press q to quit the command or u to delete the last created line It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance
61. d It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 74 qseq gt qseq lt set gt RETURN n p RETURN nr This keyword is used to define a sequence The sequence might consist of nodes or points A sequence is nothing else than a set which keeps the selection order of the entities qseq nodeset will store all selected nodes selected with the n key in the order in which they were selected This set might be used for a subsequent graph command Point sequences are used to define splines If qseq is typed without a setname then an existing line has to be selected with a nummerical keystroke or the space bar followed by two numbers New points will be created on this line which in turn are used to redefine the selected line as a sequence line which uses the new spline points Sequences can be shown with the prnt sq command Node sequences can be written to a file and read again with the commands send seqname fbd and read seqname fbd 8 75 qshp gt qshp RETURN PRIUS This keyword is used to define a shape A shape needs 3 points or nodes points at their location will be generated and used for its definition The points are selected with the p nodes n key After the points are selected it will be generated by a g
62. d float are ansi c data types Values NODE X Y Z Where NODE Kor node number coordinates Last Record only FORMAT 0 1 ascii omitted for FORMAT 2 Format 1X 3 Values KEY 10 4 Element Definition Block Purpose Defines the topology of the elements 1 Record Format 1X 3 C 18X 112 37X 11 Values KEY CODE NUMELEM FORMAT Where KEY 3 CODE C NUMELEM Number of elements in this block FORMAT Format indicator O short format 1 long format 2 binary format Following records ascci FORMAT 0 1 The following block of records must be repeated for each element The first record initializes an element definition Short Format 1X 1 15 315 Long Format 1X 1 110 315 Values KEY ELEMENT TYPE GROUP MATERIAL Where KEY NODE element number TYPE element type see section Element Types GROUP element group number see command grps MATERIAL element material number see command mats Then the nodes in the correct order have to follow Short Format 1X 2 1515 Long Format 1X 2 10110 Values KEY NODE NODE NODE NODE Where KEY 2 NODE node number 93 Additional lines must follow if more nodes are used Following records binary FORMAT 2 Format 4 int nodes int int and float are ansi c data types Values ELEMENT TYPE GROUP MATERIAL NODE NODE NODE NODE Where NODE element number
63. dex then the set name followed by the number of all referenced entities The sets can be specified by index or name For example if the index of set blade is 5 the following commands are equivalent e plot p 5 e plot p blade Predefined loads are stored as Datasets to be visualized Sets with the name of the load type CLOAD DLOAD store the related nodes faces or elements Use the command or to visualize entities of sets Then run the input file with ccx The result file frd can be visualized with egx filename frd filename inp were the solver input file filename inp is optional With this file the sets boundary conditions and loads used in the calculation are available together with the results If you have problems doing the above or if you want to learn more and in more detail about the cgx continue with the tutorial and look in the appendix section Tips and Hints and Known Problems 12 5 Program Parameters usage cgx al b bg c duns2d duns3d isaac2d isaac3d foam ng step st1 gt filename ccxfile a automatic build mode geometry file derived from a cad file is expected b build mode geometry file in fbd format is expected bg background suppress creation of graphic output otherwhise as b geometry command file must be provided c read an solver input file ccx Abaqus duns2d read duns result files 2D duns3d read duns result files 3D isaac2d read
64. ds require sets to work with Sets reference entities like bodies or nodes They are usefull because you can deal with a bunch of entities at once See the section How to define a set of entities about how to create them 10 7 You can write a file with basic commands like pnt to create the basis for your construction and read it with the read command Most commands can be used in batch mode This allows the user to write a command file for repeated actions The interactive commands start with the letter q Please make yourself familiar with all of them before you start to model complex geometry After the geometry is created the divisions of the lines can be changed to control the density of the elements Display the lines and their divisions with e plot Id all To change the element division use The default division is 4 With a division of 4 a line will have 6 nodes and will therefore be the edge of two element of the quadratic type Next the type of the elements must be defined This can be done for each of the different sets A new assignment will replace a previous one Delete all previous assignments with e elty all and assign new types with e eltylall he20 If a mesh is already defined type e del mesh and mesh again with e mesh all Then choose the menu entity Viewing Show Elements With Light to see the mesh lighted Lastly export the mesh in the calculix
65. e symmetry can be specified ie 1 1 0 For dolfyn duns and isaac the same syntax has to be used send all duns viscous wall profil subsonic inflow in subsonic outflow out send all isaac WALL profil FARFIELD far EXTRAPOLATE out send all dolfyn INLE ingang OUTL uitgang etc 75 To define so called gap elements and related control commands These elements will connect parts if they are closer as a certain distance For example if the distance is zero contact The command send dep indep abq gap 1 0 0 will connect the nodes in the set dep and indep with gap elements but only if they match each other in the direction 1 8 87 sega sega lt seg gt nod pnt lt name gt lt gt afte befo lt name gt lt name gt lt gt end lt name gt lt gt This keyword is used to create or redefine a set marked as a sequential set This set is used for spline definitions see line With the command lin such a sequential set is automatically created To begin such a set type for example SEQA Q003 PNT P004 P005 P006 POOM POON The program will create or overwrite the set Q003 The command will con tinue in the next line if the sign is found SEQA Q003 PNT P004 P005 P006 P007 P008 P009 The parameter AFTE will insert additional points after the first specified point in the existing sequence The parameter BEFO will insert additional points be fore the first spec
66. e animation 7 3 3 Steps per Period Determines how many display lists for one period of animation will be used If Toggle Dataset Sequence was chosen then these number of display lists will be interpreted as one period see Time per Period 7 3 4 Time per Period Determines how many seconds per period 7 3 5 Toggle Real Displacements To see the correct displacement of each node The animation can be controlled with the help of the Mouse 19 7 3 6 Toggle Dataset Sequence Creates a sequence of display lists to visualize values of a sequence of Datasets The Datasets must use the same type for example only displacements or only stresses To activate the animation after you have selected Toggle Dataset Sequence choose the first Dataset to be displayed then the second and then the last one Finally choose the entity The first two datasets define the spacing between the requested datasets and the third one defines the last dataset to be displayed The last two selections of datasets can be omitted Then all datasets which use the same name starting from the selected one will be used The command ds provides the same functionality 7 4 Frame Adjusts the drawing box 7 5 Zoom Use this command to zoom into a rectangular section of the window After this option is chosen use the mouse to select the opposite corners of a rectangle The display will zoom in on the rectangular area Note the rectangle is never
67. e to use this values instead of using a uniform value for all faces For example send surf abq dflux lcl el will specify the dataset nr 1 and the entity nr 1 to be used instead of a uni form value The front or rear side of the face pos or neg is selected with the or parameter it has to be the last parameter 72 The parameter cflux is used to assign an energy stream to nodes For example send surf abq cflux 0 5 will assign the flux of 0 5 to all nodes in set surf The parameter force is used to assign force values to nodes For example send nodes abq force 1 20 0 will assign the specified forces to all nodes of the set nodes The parameter mpc is used to create input for the user subroutine umpc which forces all nodes from set to rotate by an average value specified with rotation around the vector v The value has to be in degree were 90 degree is orthogonal For example send nodes abq mpc 4 1 0 0 will assign the nodes of the set nodes to the user subroutine umpc and will force them to rotate by 4 degree around the x axis Two files are produced The one with the equations has to be included in the model definition section and the boundary file in the step section Another useful method are so called cyclic symmetry equations These equa tions are used when just a section of a rotation symmetric part like a disk is modeled These equations force the two cutting planes of
68. e used for mapping from 2D to 2D 3D in the indicated direction The parameters rx ry rz are used for ro tational mapping of 2D to 2D 3D around the x y z axis The master nodes must belong to elements Unconnected nodes are not allowed Usually the mas ter nodes on which the values are known were included from an external result file with the read command with the parameter add For further details see How to map loads in the appendix 8 36 mats mats This keyword is used to get an overview of all material numbers defined New sets will be created for all material numbers of elements This feature is usually used if a mesh with mateial numbers was read For example if a native netgen file 4 was read then this command will generate sets which can be used to asign boundary conditions 8 37 max max lt value gt This keyword is used to define the upper value of the scale in the menu area see figure B 40 8 38 merg merg n e p 1 c s lt set gt lt gtol gt nolock This keyword is used to merge close points and nodes or equally defined enti ties The following entities are known Nodes n Elements e Points p Lines 1 Combined Lines c Surfaces s For example to merge points included in the set point set type merg p point set Only entities included in the set are considered The value gtol determines the maximum distance between merged nodes and points The para
69. each surface These signs will be corrected automatically if necessary If the an automatically generated name is desired then type instead of a name 8 24 gonly gt gonly on off This keyword is used to erase the contents of the menu area Sometimes this is useful for hardcopies 34 8 25 graph graph lt amplitude chars gt amp 1 lt material chars gt mat 1 lt seq gt length lt set gt p nr time descr lt parameter name gt gt lt Dataset name gt lt entity name gt lt parameter name gt gt lt first Dataset Nr gt lt last Dataset Nr gt This keyword is used to create time history plots of nodal values The values of the pre selected nodes stored in the referenced set will be written to a file called graph out A gnuplot command file will be written called graph gnu and executed The resulting file graph ps will be automatically displayed with the postscript viewer The default is ghostview but this can be changed in the cgx h file before the program is build See also How to generate a time history plot for further details A set with the nodes of interest must be created usually with gadd be fore a graph can be drawn If the parameter length is used to plot values along the length of a set of nodes then this set has to be of the sequence type usually created with fasca graph se
70. eaning of the other letters is down d right r left 1 clockwise c The remaining letters will rotate the view into a pre defined direction For example the user will look in x direction after the command rot x and against the x direction with the command rot x and so on 8 84 save gt save This keyword is used to save the geometry if any to a file named as the input file but with the extension fbd If a file with that name exists already then this file will be saved with the new file extension fbb as a backup 8 85 scal scal s v d lt value gt This keyword is used to scale the graphic presentation of values but no values of entities The scaling of the value itself can be done with the command ds For example the command scal s 0 5 will scale the range of values presented in the color plot by a factor of 0 5 The command scal v 5 will scale the length of vectors by a factor of 5 The command scal d 2 will scale the deformed shape by a factor of 2 Without a value it restores the default value See also Toggle Vector Plotl Toggle Add Displacement 65 8 86 send send lt set gt fbd c e gt gt stl gt abq ans ast dar duns frd gmp nas gt ng pat tcg lt RETURN gt bin ds lt nr gt e lt nr gt P tmf sta lt refspeed gt crp lt timefact gt
71. ed before a geometry is meshable For linear ele ments ie qu4 or he8 the sum of all divisions of each surface must be even In case of quadratic elements ie qu8 or he20 this sum must be divisible by 4 without residue Opposite edges of a given surface might have different divi sions For example on the left side of a given surface the division is 8 and on the right side it is only 4 But only two opposite surfaces of a body can use this feature These surfaces are called top and bottom surfaces All other surfaces of this body must have unique divisions on opposite edges 8 13 ds ds lt 1 Dataset Nr gt lt 2 Dataset Nr gt lt n Dataset Nr gt a gt l e lt entity nr gt up to 4 times 29 s lt value gt This keyword is used to define a and an Entity The Dataset might be a positive number which has to match the nr in the Dataset menu or an I lower case L which is interpreted as the last available Dataset or a negative number Then it is interpreted as the last minus the specified number For example lclel will display the first entity of the first Dataset Iclel will display the last Dataset To start the animation of the second to last Dataset assuming displacements right away Ic la Also sequences can be defined lc2410e1 Here the Ist entity of each second Dataset is selected The selection starts at the second and ends at the 10th dataset If more than one entity is defined then a vec
72. ements or faces of volume elements will be assigned to the set So it is possible to check the detected elements Instead of providing a set with the necessary nodes you might instead provide a set with shell elements or and faces of volume elements The nodes will be derived from them In most cases this is the most convenient way A special case which works probably only in ccx abaqus might give wrong results is triggered by the c parameter It behaves as for the s parameter but works for cycsym calcs send cycsur abq slide c A new set with new nodes will be created with the name lt set gt COPY which has to be used in the cycsym definition in ccx instead of lt set gt In addi tion equations are specified which connect the new nodes with the original ones 70 in the normal direction of the element faces In this way two faces used in a cyclic symmetry connection will slide at each other instead of beeing glued in all directions If nodes should slide radially to the y axis then use ry send sur abq slide ry or use ty if the nodes should move only tangential to the y axis In both cases the axial movement is still permitted The parameter sur will write the surfaces of the mesh either in abaqus format for the SURFACE command or in frd format as shell elements For example send top abq sur will write the elements in set top together with the face nr Important Only free surfaces of the mes
73. er clockwise if you look in z direction The block structure can be detected only in this case You can check the mesh by simply mesh it with linear shell elements and display them All elements must be either dark or illuminated A later qflp or flip command will not cure wrong oriented surfaces since it only changes the sign in their definition and not the basic edge sequence which is necessary here The results of a calculation can be opened by specifying the parameter duns2d duns3d isaac2d isaac3d and the filenmae without any extention cgx isaac2d RAE2822 See also Program Parameters mesb Bend Watch also the airfoil example in the distrib B 17 Remarks Concerning OpenFOAM The mesh can be written in OpenFOAM polyMesh format with the command Tsend If you work in the polyMesh directory of the OpenFOAM case then all mesh related files will be already in place So far the physical type is not written in the boundary file as it is not mandatory The results of an OpenFOAM calculation can be viewed by specifying the parameter foam and the case the relative or absolute path including the directory name of the case See also Program Parameters Imesh B 18 Remarks Concerning Code Aster From Paul CARRICO 2005 02 12 Brief presentation of CODE ASTER Code Aster is an implicit solver under GPL licence from the French company EDF Electricit de France Code Aster and its documentations is down
74. ere the value for timefact scales the time values of the Datasets speed is a reference value for scaling static loads see option sta and writefreq limits the output to the result file If the parameter names follows the solver type then just the element or node numbers are written This is useful for defining sets for the solvers The com mand send steel abq names will write the node and element numbers included in steel This file could be used to define a set for material assignments boundary conditions or loads If all sets should be written at once use send all abq nam If the solver format duns is used then related numbers of surfaces 3D or lines 2D will be written This information is necessary to apply boundary conditions to duns The numbers are used in the connectivity file duns conn which will be created by the mesh command The user has to refer this numbers in the duns script2 file when assigning boundary conditions It is also possible to define and send some constraints to the file system To constrain degrees of freedom dof of selected nodes use the parameter spc in combination with the numbers of the constrained dofs and optionally a forced deflection For example send hinge abq spc 123 will constrain the translational degrees of freedom of the nodes in set hinge Or send hinge abq spc 12356 69 will leave just one rotational degree of freedom unconstrained
75. explained 7 1 Datasets Datasets are selected with the menu item Dataset A dataset is a block of nodal values These could be displacements due to a linear analysis or for a specific time step during a nonlinear analysis It could also contain other values like stresses strains temperatures or something else To select a dataset make sure that the mouse pointer is inside the menu area Then press the left mouse button and move the mouse pointer over the menu entry Dataset then continue to the right A sub menu pops up showing all available datasets with a leading number and sometimes followed by a dataset value usually time or frequency and a dataset description Move the mouse pointer over a dataset you are interested in and release the left mouse button The dataset is now selected A results Entity must be chosen to see the values in the drawing 15 MENU AREA DRAWING AREA Hardcopy DIPs Hardcopy HELP wel Hardcopy beamp frd Figure 3 structure of the main menu area This Dataset might also contain automatically calculated values like the v Mises stress and the maximum principal stress see Pre defined Calculations and Result Format See also the command ds to control the functionality with the command line 71 1 Entity To view data from the dataset its also necessary to specify the entity i e dx for a displacement Dataset It works in the same way as for selecting the d
76. file containing a 2D section subdivide it in meshable surfaces and sweep it in the 3rd dimension to create your geometry If features exist in the 3rd dimension only on a certain location then this feature must be included in the 2D section Then sweep the 2D section to the location were the feature starts then right to the end and at last to the end of the geometry Then delete the bodies before and after the feature You might also project the sweped sections to target surfaces if the feature is shaped in the 3rd dimension This is the approach which I often use even to generate complex 3D models For complicated models you should also consider to use a tet mesher like NETGEN 4 which can read step and generates quite nice tet meshes You can read this meshes with cgx and combine it with cgx geometry and meshes Then create your boundary conditions etc You might read the native netgen format vol instead of abaqus format because this stores also the 2D meshing regions as separate sets which can be used to apply boundary conditions cgx ng file vol But you can also create a so called stl file based on your cgx geometry and feed it to external meshers The following section explains how to do that In general hexahedra elements perform better than tets but if the mesh should be derived from a cad geometry it is often more convenient to create a tetrahedra mesh as to modify or rebuild the geometry to make it meshable with hexahedra elements
77. fines the ratio of the length of the first element to the length of the last element For example bia all 4 5 will force a ratio in which the last element is 4 5 times bigger than the first one Real numbers are permitted since version 1 5 see also labial To convert from pre 1 5 versions start the program with the oldbias option 8 4 body body lt name char lt 9 gt lt surf1 gt lt surf2 gt lt surf1 gt lt surf2 gt lt surf3 gt lt surf4 gt gt lt surf5 gt lt surf6 gt lt surf6 gt This keyword is used to define or redefine a volume body Each body must have five six or seven surfaces to be mesh able However it is sufficient to specify just the top and the bottom surfaces But if surfaces with 3 or 5 edges are involved then this surfaces have to be the top and bottom sur faces This is also true if surfaces have different line divisions at opposite edges The missing surfaces between the top and bottom surfaces will be created automatically if they do not already exist they will always have 4 edges with the same division on opposide edges But all needed lines must exist More precisely only single lines or existing combined lines can be detected The user must define the missing surface if just a chain of lines and no lemb is defined between two corner points of the top and bottom surfaces before he can successfully use the body command It is a more convenient way to
78. ggle Culling Back Front This removes the faces of volume elements for all elements or for the surface of the structure depending on the state of Toggle Surfaces Volumes With this option the user can visualize internal structures like cracks or a core of a hollow structure For shell elements the behavior is different Initially only the front faces are illuminated and the back faces are dark This is helpful to determine the orienta tion of the elements If you want to see all faces of the shell elements illuminated regardless of the orientation then use this option If you want to change the 9 orientation use the command Jafipp 17 7 2 7 Toggle Model Edges Per default all free element edges are shown The user can remove show them with this option 7 2 8 Toggle Element Edges Per default just the free element edges are shown The user might add all edges to the structure with that option 7 2 9 Toggle Surfaces Volumes This switches the way each volume elements are displayed Either all faces of the elements or just the element faces on the surface of the structure are displayed Depending on the state of Toggle Culling Back Front either the faces pointing to the user or the faces pointing away are displayed The default is just to show the surface pointing to the user In the lower left corner of the drawing area see figure P a character is printed indicating the program is in the surface mode s or in
79. h and How to generate a time history plot To easily find the element corners the function Toggle Element Edges is triggered automatically 7 10 Orientation 7 10 1 x View To look along the x axis 7 10 2 x View To look against the x axis 7 10 3 y View To look along the y axis 7 10 4 y View To look against the y axis 7 10 5 z View To look along the z axis 7 10 6 z View To look against the z axis 7 11 Hardcopy To create a hard copy during animation it is useful to stop the animation first with the middle mouse button while inside the menu area of the main window and then release one picture after the other with the right button until the desired amplitude or step is reached 7 11 1 Tga Hardcopy To create a window dump in tga format You might use the program convert L to convert this format to others 21 7 11 2 Ps Hardcopy To create a window dump in postscript format The program convert must be installed 7 11 3 Gif Hardcopy To create a window dump in gif format The program convert must be installed 7 11 4 Png Hardcopy To create a window dump in png format The program convert must be installed 7 11 5 Start Recording Gif Movie All frames during an animation are stored The recording ends after the right mouse button is pressed while in the menu area Finally all frames are combined in the file movie gif which can be displayed with various tools Firefox
80. h are regarded internal faces are unknown and can not be identified The front or rear side of the face pos or neg is selected with the or parameter send surset abq sur will write all surfaces in set surset in abaqus format but all surfaces which have a potentially negative side will be written in that manner The parameter pres is used to assign pressure values to element faces For example send surf abq pres 0 05 will assign the pressure value 0 05 to all element faces in set surf If a dataset with nodal values is available it is also possible to use this values instead of using a uniform value for all faces For example send surf abq pres lc1 el will specify the dataset nr 1 and the entity nr 1 to be used instead of a uni form value The front or rear side of the face pos or neg is selected with the or parameter it has to be the last parameter The parameter film is used to assign free stream temperatures and ther mal heat coefficients to element faces It works similar to the pres option For example send surf abq film 1200 0 5 will assign the film temperature of 1200 and the coefficient 0 5 to all element faces in set surf If datasets with nodal values are available it is also possible to 71 use this values instead of using a uniform value for all faces For example send surf abq film dsl el 0 5 will specify the dataset nr 1 and the entity nr 1 to be used for the
81. h cgx cannot generate tet meshes it is still possible to generate a surface mesh of triangles and export it in stl format This format can be read by external meshers such as NETGEN 4 This mesher fills the volume with tetrahedra elements and is able to export the Abaqus file format This can be read by cgx and ccx see also How to deal with cad geometryl In addition entities can be grouped together to make sets Sets are useful to handle parts of a model For example sets can be used to manipulate or display a few entities at a time see also How to define a set of entities After a mesh is created in cgx it needs written to a file for use with the solver Likewise several boundary conditions and loads can be written to files see also Bend These files need to be added into the control file for later use in cecx Additional commands material description and so on must be added with the help of an external editor After the analysis is completed the results can be visualized by calling the cgx program again in an independent session The program is primary controlled by the keyboard with individual commands for each function Only a subset of commands which are most important for post processing is also available through a pop up menu Shaded animations of static and dynamic results the common color plots and time history plots can be created Also a cut through the model can be done which creates a section and it is possible to
82. he orientation of the selected surface Press q to quit the command It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 68 qint gint RETURN w 1 q 56 This keyword is used to extend two lines to their intersecting location The end points of the two lines are moved to the intersecting location but they are not merged Use the merg command to merge duplicate points Only straight lines are supported Select lines with the 1 key Press q to quit the command 8 69 qlin gt qlin lt name gt optional RETURN w b c e g 1 m p This keyword is used to create a sequence of lines or just one see also line The user might specify a name in the command line or by picking an existing line with the key 1 To start a sequence of lines move the mouse pointer over a point and press the key b begin To define just a straight line go to the end point and press g generate This point is also the starting point for the next line So no b is necessary for the next line If the line is a sequential line spline then the points of the sequence must be defined with the key t in the correct order but the last point must be selected with the key g If the line is an arc then the
83. ies of multiple jpeg files into WMV format with mencoder mf jpg mf type jpg fps 25 ovc lavc lavcopts vcodec wmv2 o movie wmv To convert a DivX video file into Flash Movie format use this command mencoder lt inputfile gt ovc lavc lavcopts vcodec flv of lavf In general To convert a video file from one format into the other use the program mencoder It comes with the mplayer packages mplayer movie wmv B 2 How to define a set of entities Some knowledge is necessary to efficiently select entities nodes points Asa golden rule in complicated situations never try to create a set just by adding the entities to the set see gadd It is much better to catch a bigger group which includes certainly the wanted ones Then display the set with the command and remove all unwanted entities with the qrem command Entities are selected if at least one pixel of it is inside the selection rectangle But there is one exception Only the lower left corner of any text names of points etc can be selected Surfaces can also be selected by picking its shaded interiour see rep You might add all lower entities as points for example by typing IcompP set do This is necessary for example if you had selected surfaces and you want to move them in space Only points have locations and therefore nothing will happen unless you completed the set by the related points with comp command There is another type of
84. ified point and the parameter END will add additional points to the sequence 8 88 seta seta lt set gt 212 n e p 1 1 c 1 s gt b 1 S gt L se sh lt name gt n e lt name gt lt name gt lt steps gt This keyword is used to create or redefine a set see alsojgadd All entities like points or bodies and so on must be stored at least in one set to be reachable The set all is created automatically at startup and will be open see Seto all the time unless explicitly closed see setc To add points to the set dummy type 76 seta dummy p pl p2 This will add the points pl and p2 to the set dummy The following entities are known Nodes n Elements e Faces f Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S Nurb Lines L names of other sets se or shapes sh If the entity of the specified type does not exits a set of that name is assumed and if existing then all it s entities of the specified type are appended seta setl n set2 will append only the nodes in set2 to setl If the type se is used then the full content of set2 is appended The program will automatically determine the type of the entities if not specified but then the names must be unique More than one name can be specified A minus sign between two numbers of nodes or elements specifies a range of entities with steps of steps seta setl n 1001 1100 12 If the sign is specified instead of a
85. ine the first node or element number which will be used for the next mesh generation And it is used to redefine the leading char acter of new entities The default is D for points p L for lines 1 C for combined lines lemb c A for surfaces s B for Bodies b Q for nurb lines nurl L N for nurb surfaces nurs S A for sets se and H for Shapes sh For example asgn p U 23 will assign the character U as the leading character to all newly created names of points The automatically created names of geometric entities use 4 charac ters If all possible names with the chosen leading letter are in use then the next alphabetical letter is chosen as a leading letter so after PZZZ follows Q000 If no more letter follow then the amount of letters per name is increased The maximum number is 8 Each entity has its own name space Different entities might use the same name Remark Currently nurbs lines are automatically used to create splines sharing the same name Nurbs lines can not be used for other purposes than to be displayed and so far they can not be written to a file The unstructured mesher 14 uses the tree parameters alpha beta nadapt for mesh control Current default is 0 4 for alpha and beta and 4 for nadapt 8 3 bia bia lt line gt lt bias gt bia lt set gt lt bias gt mult div lt factor gt This keyword is used to define the bias of a single line or of a set of lines see qadd The bias de
86. ines surfaces But surfaces can only be identified if the command rep lt setname gt was issued before In case of nodes with related values results it will also determine the highes or lowest value in the specified range or all nodes above or below a certain value The coordinates might be taken from one node or point in a given 3rd set or given in cartesian coordinates option rec or cylindrical coordinates option cyl Some coordinates might be omitted to specify an infinite range The _ key has to be used in this case The mode is defined by the keys i individual a all h high V low were h and 1 will search the highest or lowest value in range This value will also be written to a file for automatic processing purposes For example enq all newset rec 10 100 0 1 i will search for entities in set all at the given location x 10 y _ infinite range triggered by the key z 100 with a tolerance of 0 1 and only the closest entity of all kinds of entities are stored in set newset triggered by the i key With the a key all in range would be stored The key h or 1 would trigger a search for the highest or lowest value in the specified range In combination with a certain value enq all newset rec 10 100 0 1 h 1013 all nodes with a value above 1013 would be stored in set newset The command enq domainl newset cyl x 100 10 0 1 a will search for entities in set
87. isaac result files 2D isaac3d read isaac result files 3D foam read the OpenFOAM result directory structure ng read Netgen native format with surface domains step read an ascii step file points and lines only stl read an ascii stl file triangles v default read a result file in frd format and optional a solver input file ccx in addition which provides the sets and loads used in the calculation special purpose options mksets make node sets from DLOAD values setname _ lt value gt read forces the program to read the complete result file at startup If no option is provided then a result file frd is assumed see Result Format A file containing commands or geometric informations is assumed if the option b is specified Such a file will be created if you use fexit or Bavej after you have interactively created geometry Option a awaits the same format as option b but merging defining of line divisions and the calculation of the interior of the surfaces is done automatically and the illuminated structure is presented after startup This should be used if the commandfile was generated by an interface program which convertes cad data to cgx format for example vda2fbd With option a and b the program will start also if no file is specified An input file for the solver can be read with option c Certain key words are known and the affected nodes or elements are stored in sets For example the
88. ities are known Nodes n Elements e Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S Nurb Lines L and Shapes sh Only the set which was used to display the entities can be used to remove them 8 43 move move lt set gt scal lt fx gt lt fy gt lt fz gt lt pnt gt Dtra lt dx gt lt dy gt lt dz gt rot lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt alfa gt Prad x y z p lt pnt gt lt dr gt mir lt P1 gt lt P2 gt 42 This keyword is used to move nodes or points in a set Related entities will be moved as well For example to move a line it is necessary to include their points in the set see comp Several transformations are available For example scal will scale the entities of the set the scaling factors fx fy fz can be chosen independently and a reference point can be used move part scal 2 move part scal 1 1 2 move part scal 2 PQ move part scal 1 1 2 PO tra will move it away by the vector dx dy dz move all tra 10 20 30 rot will move it around the axis defined by the points pl and p2 by alfa de grees move all rot pO px 20 rad will move it radially to the x y or z axis or to a single point move cylinder rad x 20 move sphere rad pPO 10 mir will mirror the set The mirror plane is placed normal to the direction running from P1 to P2 and placed at P2 move part mir P1 P2 8 44 movi movi delay lt sec gt start stop make
89. lines and should also include all dependent points comp lines do 25 Or the set lines should also include all surfs and bodies which depend on the lines comp lines up In some cases you will need only the end points of lines With the option e edges comp lines e only end points are included in the set One exception to this logic was in troduced for convenience comp nodes do will add all faces described by the nodes in set nodes despite the fact that faces are made from nodes Wildcards can be used to search for setnames of a certain expression comp E do will complete all sets starting with E 8 8 copy copy lt set gt lt new set gt scal lt fx gt lt fy gt lt fz gt lt pnt gt a tra lt dx gt lt dy gt lt dz gt a rot lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt alfa gt a JI Prot x y z p lt PNT gt lt dr gt a rad lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt alfa gt Prad x y z p lt PNT gt lt dr gt a mir lt P1 gt lt P2 gt a This keyword is used to create a copy of a set see about sets Geometry nodes and elements with their results can be copied The copy of results is usefull to evaluate additional sectors in case of a cyclic symmetric calculation The copy is included in the new set Existing sets are extended by the copied entities if the last parameter a append is provided Several transformations a
90. lled and might end in a sharp corner Therefore for each arc line exactly one connected straight line must be included into the set figure 8 10 cut cut lt pnt nod gt lt pnt nod gt lt pnt nod gt This keyword is used to define a cutting plane through elements to visualize internal results The plane is either defined by three nodes or points or in case a dataset entity of a vector was already selected by just one node or point The cutting plane is then determined by the direction of the vector displace ments worstPS The menu option Show Elements With Light or the com mands Tucutl viewlsurf or view volu will display the whole model again and will delete the plane This command is intended for batch mode See qcut for the cursor controlled command 27 Line L002 and L003 are members of set LIN Point D004 is the center point of arc line L003 and will be moved Line L003 runs now tangential Command into line L002 corrad LIN 02 02 L003 D004 vee Figure 4 Effect of the corrad command 8 11 del del Ep 1271220 PePPe re PE 8 L se sh lt entity gt se0 mesh pic This keyword is used to delete entities the whole mesh see also qdel or a background picture For example del se part will delete the set part but all included entities are untouched The following entities are known Points p Lines 1 Combined Lines c S
91. loadable at the following address http www code aster org NOTA the documentation is in French at the moment but many users are translating it in English and in German The following list is not exhaustive but it briefly presents the capabilities of the solver 109 e Mechanical modeling Code aster allows linear and non linear calculations in static dynamic acoustic etc Many mechanical laws are implemented in the solver such as damage fatigue creep viscosities elastic plastic etc For isotropic and non isotropic materials orthotropic ones for example Because of EDF fields the materials used in Code Aster are essentially Metallic ones and Geo material one but there are probably some others e Thermal and thermomechanical calculations The Thermal solver per forms linear and non linear calculations for pure thermal but also for thermomechanical simulations e Input interface EFICAS is the input interface for coding the input file but it s not a pre processing as you can find in many commercial code e Tools Many tools are provided with Code Aster HOMARD for mesh refinement GIBI and GMSH for post processing CGX to ASTER export format i e HOWTO use this export format The export format allows to export meshes and sets from CGX to Code Aster for linear and quadratic 1D 2D and 3D elements For this just type send all aster for exporting a complete mesh The file will have the mail extension Type
92. lt offset gt This keyword is used to project points with all related geometry or nodes onto a set of surfaces or element faces Alternative a shape can be specified as the target In consequence the set with the entities which should be moved must contain nodes and or points and the target set must contain surfaces and or element faces Several transformations are available For example tra will move points in the direction of the vector dx dy dz onto elements or surfaces included in set2 Alternatively an offset could be specified as well proj setl set2 tra 0 0 5 0 7 rot will move points around the axis defined by the points pl and p2 or around the x y z axis onto elements or surfaces included in set2 proj setl set2 rot p0 px rad will move points radial to the axis defined by the points pl and p2 or radial to the x y or z axis onto elements or surfaces included in set2 Alterna tively a set of lines could be used instead of surfaces as the target set Then the geometry will be moved onto an imaginary rotational surface defined by these lines proj setl set2 rad x nor will move points in a direction normal to the target surface onto surfaces included in set2 An offset might be specified proj setl set2 nor 0 7 If a point does not hit any surface from the target set then it will not be 49 moved 8 55 qadd gt qadd lt set seq gt RETURN lt w a i r n l e f p l 1 1
93. lt pic nr gt lt pic nr gt lt prolog gif gt clean This keyword is used to start or stop the recording of a movie After start all frames will be stored in single gif files until the stop command is issued See also the menu options Start Recording Gif Moviej Use the option make to assemble the movie from the individual files An existing movie will be copied in front of a range of frames if it is specified as the last argument The range consists of the nr of the first and last picture to be used With the option delay a time delay in seconds between frames can be specified With the option clean all single gif files will be erased 43 Here is an example command sequences movi delay 0 01 movi start movi stop movi make 0 500 movi make O 500 prolog gif movi clean Further remarks in How to change the format of the movie file 8 45 msg msg onloff This keyword is used to enable or disable full printout during runtime This is useful for debugging purposes The default is off 8 46 node node lt nr gt lt x gt lt y gt lt z gt This keyword is used to define or redefine a node For example node 23580 10 0 1 defines a node with the number 23580 at the position x 10 y 0 z 1 8 47 nurl nurl lt name char9 gt DEFINE COMPACT lt pstart gt lt pend gt gt lt deg gt lt npnt gt lt nknt gt lt div gt CONTROL lt i
94. meter nolock will force merging even if the dependent entities like lines are degenerated afterwards For example a degenerate line will have two equal points 8 39 mesh mesh lt set gt fast block lonly nolength noangle length angle This keyword is used to start the meshing of the model before using the mesh command the element types must be defined with the elty command Existing elements will not be deleted Therefore its possible to start cgx in the viewing mode v with a mesh alone and then create bodies and fill them with addi tional elements To delete a mesh use the command dellmesh See the command send to describe areas for boundary conditions In case a blocked grid for cfd calculations should be generated use the ad ditional parameter block mesh setname block see also the section Remarks Concerning Duns and Isaac The mesh optimizer is controlled with the additional parameters nolength and noangle These parameters switch off length and angle optimizations of elements The parameter fast suppresses the Nurbs based meshing and uses the fast coons algorithm for surface meshing Usually all elements are generated in a structured way That means that no holes in a surface or volume are permitted The only exception is the element type tr3u This type is generated in an unstructured way using the mesher from 14 In this case holes are permitted and
95. nd line gets a new end point 8 67 qflp qflp RETURN w Pe PePe i Pa This keyword is used to invert the outer and inner side the orientation of shell elements and surfaces The orientation of shell elements or surfaces can be seen by the interior color The outer face reflects light if the face is dark grey it is the back side If Toggle Culling Back Front was selected before then both sides are illuminated To flip the orientation of a surface and all related shell elements select either a shell element with the e key or if the illuminated surfaces are displayed see frepj how to do that select the surface with the s key To see the effect on the elements immediatelly they must have been 55 002 02 Figure 7 qfil Based on two intersecting lines a fillet is created displayed with the plot command If only elements are in the database flip them with the e key The a key has a different meaning than usually If pressed before a selection then a so called auto mode is activated It makes sense for volumes were a vector pointing in or out can be determined for all surfaces In this case all related surfaces and embedded elements are oriented in the same way as the selected one It works only in situations were only two surfaces share a common edge This is the case for volumes without inner surfaces or a 2D model In case of a volume all surface normals will point either inwards or outwards depending on t
96. ndex gt lt pnt gt lt x y z gt lt weight gt KNOT lt index gt lt value gt END This keyword is used to define a nurbs line So far this command is only used to read a nurbs line definition Nurbs lines are converted automatically into a spline Nurbs lines can be displayed but not saved There are two possible ways of definition Either by using predefined point names or by specifying the coordinates explicitly When the coordinates are defined the parameter COM PACT must be used as shown above When the point names are used then COMPACT must be omitted CAD interfaces might use this functionality 44 8 48 nurs nurs lt name char9 gt DEFINE COMPACT lt u deg gt lt v deg gt gt lt u npnt gt lt v npnt gt lt u nknt gt lt v nknt gt CONTROL lt u index gt lt v index gt lt pnt gt lt x y z gt gt lt weight gt KNOT lt U gt lt V gt lt index gt lt value gt P END lt gt lt setname containing surfaces gt This keyword is used to define a nurbs shape Surfaces might use nurbs to define the interior geometry There are two possible ways of definition The first is using predefined point names and the second is by specifying the coordinates explicitly When the coordinates are defined then the parameter COMPACT must be used as shown above but when point names are used then COM PACT must be omitted CAD inte
97. nr Created if MPC is found e rad nr Created if MPC is found e fim nr Created if FILM is found e cflx nr Created if CFLUX is found e dflx nr Created if DFLUX is found e tie l 2 Created if TIE is found The set tiel stores the slave entities and tie2 the master The single sets which define the contact areas are linked together so if identified with the qenq command the referenced linked opposing set is listed in the xterm e trans Created if TRANSFORM is found The name consists of the definition of the transformation e elty Created for all known element types like C3D20 Check the element quality with Show Bad Elements or use eqal to set thresholds and plot to actually plot the affected elements The forces regard their referenced coordinate system TRANSFORM The values are automat ically transformed into the global cartesian system so that the vectors point in the correct direction B 14 Remarks Concerning NETGEN It is not necessary to write the mesh in abaqus format if you use netgen as a mesher The native netgen format vol can be read by cgx cgx ng file vol The netgen mesh format vol includes also the surface patches which were defined by the edges of the model and used for the generation of the volume mesh This patches can be used to define boundary conditions or loads The nodes and faces of this patches are stored in sets named set nr To get an
98. nterior of the surface is defined according to Coons which is a blended function But it can also follow an embedded NURBS surface or a shape To relate the surface to an existing NURBS surface select the NURBS surface with the S key uppercase or to a shape with the 60 h key Or replace assignments by the blended function with the b key To quit the command use the q key or use u to undo the last action It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 78 qtxt qtxt RETURN pa a 4 bh DS 2m on IW f 2d q This keyword is used to move node attached texts showing node number and value see figure 8 to certain positions in the drawing area or to manipulate them otherwhise They are created with the key g while the mouse pointer is over the node to which it should be attached Attention They are only visible after the command plus nt all was used but they are immediatelly visible when the the commands geng or laadd were used instead of qtxt To move a text pick it at the lower left corner with the key p and place it with the key m in the new location To move it back to its node use b Delete them with d The node nr and the value in the text can be switched on and off with the n and
99. nto BACON extrusions etc that s why the element hypothesis is not added at the end of the file gt you must define the element definition AFTER the last mesh modification HYP MINDLIN 12 Comments if you ve any remark or any comment or any suggestion to improve this export format please send a mail to paul carrico at free fr C Simple Examples The following listings show simple geometry input files The pictures show this geometry together with their labels and the generated mesh The models were made based on three points Two points defined one axis of rotation and one was the basis of several TsweD and merg operations In case of the sphere the surfaces on the pole had to be redefined using only three lines per surface C 1 Disc PNT py 0 00000 1 00000 0 00000 PNT pO 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 PNT P001 0 70711 0 00000 0 70711 112 PNT PNT PNT PNT PNT PNT PNT LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE P003 P005 P006 P009 POOA POOG POOL L001 L002 L003 L004 L005 L006 L007 L009 LOOA LOOC Figure 13 disc made of four 90 degree segments 0 0 0 0 0 1 POOI P001 P003 00000 10711 00000 70711 00000 70711 00000 P001 po P003 pO po 8 pO POOI 8 P003 P005 P006 P006 P009 POOA P005 pO P006 pO po 8 P009 pO POOA pO po 8 0 0 0 0 0 O O 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 113 Py i
100. ode selection Mostly used to repair stl files manually 8 65 qenq gt genq RETURN we Papi Per in Pe lf lp eI ee PbS gt E eh em uv IG al g This keyword is used to gain information about entities It is especially useful to get the values on particular nodes If the maximum or minimum value in a certain area has to be searched type first m to go in the max min mode and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the selection rectangle Then the key h high to search the node with the maximum value The minimum is searched with low The search result is then shown in the xterm and also attached to the node With the u key the last search result can be deleted undo The t key changes into the qtxt mode The atxt functionallity is now available which allows to manipulate the node attached string and its position on the screen Use qadd instead of qenq if you need to save the node in a set for further use To catch more than one entity with one stroke type a all before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle To catch only the entity which is closest to the user type i before Then move the mouse pointer over the entity s and press one of the following keys for Nodes n Elements e Faces f Points p
101. or send set frd comp will include all nodes used by the elements to the set elem and will then write the file The parameter quadlin forces the conversion from second order elements into single order elements were each element is subdivided into 8 single order ele ments This takes place during writing and will not change the current state of the mesh in cgx Up to now it is only available for the abq format send all abq quadlin If the parameter tmf follows the definition of a solver format send set abq tmf then the mesh plus all temperatures with the necessary solver context for tmf calculations is written If the parameter sta follows send set abq sta 2900 68 then the mesh plus all temperatures with the necessary solver context for a static calculations is written Here the value for speed is a reference value for eventual numerical values in the TEXT Block of the Datasets in the result file frd file see Nodal Results Block A scaling factor will be determined based on the reference value here a ref speed of 2900 and the individual TEXT Block values factor speed 2 refspeed 2 This factor is used in AMPLITUDE commands which will also be written and will be used to scale static loads which are referenced in the STEP data If the parameter crp follows send set abq crp 1 2900 1 then the mesh plus all temperatures with the necessary solver context for creep calculations is written H
102. ore independent nodes The independent side should be coarser than the dependent side to avoid gaps in the connection See the command Eend in combination with the option areampc how to create such connections Sliding and fixed contact as well as press fits can be modelled The necessary sets should be defined based on geometry not on the mesh In this case the definition will be stored with the save or exit command and can be used after the next program call Background The movement of each location in an element or on its surface is fully described by the movement of its associated nodes and its shape function In an iterative algorithm element coordinates are varied until the real world coordinates of a dependent node are matched Based on the element coordinates the shape function gives the participation weight factors of the independent nodes the coefficients in the mpc s This approach delivers valid results as long as the dependent node is not located outside of the independent element Therefore the location of the dependent node has to be modified in such cases The dependent will be moved to the surface of the independent element again decribed by its shape function and the procedure is repeated B 9 How to define loads and constraints Loads and constraints are not saved in any database They are just created and written to a file with the send command But the sets which are needed for the definition are stored
103. ormat 1X 12 110 6E12 5 Values KEY NODE XX Where KEY 1 if its the first line of data for a given node or 2 if its a continuation line node number or blank if KEY 2 data NODE XX binary coding Following records ascci FORMAT 2 int NCOMPS float int and float are ansi c data types Values NODE XX Where NODE XX node number or blank if KEY 2 data In case of material dependant data REMARK Implemented only for NMATS 1 first line Short Format 1X 12 415 Long Format 1X 12 110 315 Values KEY NODENR NMATS Where KEY 1 NODENR Node number NMATS Number of different materials at this node unused second and following lines Short Format 1X 12 15 6E12 5 Long Format 1X 12 110 6E12 5 96 Values KEY MAT XX YY ZZ XY YZ ZX Where KEY MAT material property number if KEY 2 unused XX data Last Record only FORMAT 0 1 ascii omitted for FORMAT 2 Format 1X gt 3 Values KEY 11 Pre defined Calculations Listing of the automatically calculated additional results 11 1 Von Mises Equivalent Stress Entity name Mises 1 TvM FV oz 0y Cy 02 02 Oz Br 672 672 11 2 Principal Stresses Entity names P1 P2 P3 worstPS The principal stresses o are named P1 P2 P3 From the three principal stresses o the absolute maximum value will be calculated and named worstPS For ex ample if a node has the three values 100 0 and
104. ot case sensitive but all command parameters are case sensitive 22 Each reference starts with a short description of the command The following syntax is used for these descriptions Known commands and syntax Da at Keyword either uppercase or lowercase gt Parameter case sensitive zels combination of parameters or optional parameter Remark OR AND from to gt command continues in the next line RETURN press the RETURN key lt L amp Entities with the exception of nodes and elements are referenced by names which can contain letters and numbers Usually one to four characters is rec ommended If a new entity uses an existing name the old definition will be overwritten To overcome this problem alias names can be used An alias name is defined with the sign in front An already defined alias name can be referenced by placing the sign in front For example LINE L1 4P1 4P2 YSET will create a line with the alias name L1 and will use the alias names P1 and P2 to define the end points and uses the set SET to define the point sequence between the end points 8 1 area area lt set gt This keyword is used to calculate the area and the center of gravity of a set of shell elements or surfaces of volume elements 8 2 asgn asgn n e p 2 2 Ig pb S L se gt sh alpha beta nadapt lt value gt This keyword is used to def
105. ould be chosen independently swep partl part2 scal 2 swep partl part2 scal 1 1 2 PO tra will create a copy and will move it away by the vector dx dy dz and the optional parameter a will assign the new entities to sets were the mother of each entity is included swep setl set2 tra 10 20 30 rot will create a copy and will move it around the axis defined by the points pl and p2 by alfa degrees the connecting lines will be arcs swep setl set2 rot p0 px 20 rad will create a copy and will move it radially to the x y or z axis or will create a spherical section if just a single point is defined swep cylinderl cylinder2 rad x 20 swep spherel sphere2 rad pPO 10 mir will create a mirrored copy The mirror plane is placed normal to the direction running from P1 to P2 and placed at P2 swep sectionl section2 mir pl p2 8 99 sys sys lt shell command parameters gt This keyword is used to issue any shell command unix or dos shell For example to move files created by the send command to certain file names or and locations and to start the analysis On certain platforms cgx will not wait for the completition of the command if the amp key was provided as the last argument of the command Otherwhise cgx waits until the command was completed 81 8 100 text text lt string gt This keyword is used to define a comment This commend will show up in the menu area of the main window below the file name
106. oved manually along a defined plane see qpnt To define the plane move the mouse DE ga et pointer over the first entity and press n if its a node or a p if its a point Then define the next two entities in the same way Press q to quit the command It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 57 qbia qbia RETURN Iw l a d i Pepi 10 gt 99 q This keyword is used to change the bias of a line The bias defines a coarsening or refinement of the mesh along a line The number defines the ratio of the length of the first element to the length of the last element at a given line It works by pressing a number between 1 and 9 when the mouse pointer is at the 50 position of a line To define numbers between 10 and 99 press the space bar when the mouse pointer is at the position of a line and then the number To select more than one line with one stroke type a before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle To select only one line type i before Press c to change the direction of the bias Press q to quit the command see alse bia 8 58 qbod gt qbod lt name gt optional RETURN w b a i r s 1 g q This ke
107. overview over the patches type fprnt se To see were the patches are lo cated type plot f all and use the PAGE_DOWN key to scan through all sets A netgen surface mesh can be written based on the faces of elements The faces of hex tet quad and tria elements are triangulated and written in the stand alone netgen mesher format file ng This mesher can be found in the netgen sub directory nglib and is named ng_vol It will create tet4 elements which use and keep the shape of the provided tri3 elements Back in cgx you might convert to tet10 with the fmids command hint for the experienced user A projection of the new midside nodes to the original faces should be possible with the proj command 108 B 15 Remarks Concerning dolfyn Some support for dolfyn a free cfd code was provided by Runar Tenfjord In the CalculiX cgx nr examples dolfyn directory is a patch for the dolfyn source code included This patch enables dolfyn to write frd result files which can be visualized with cgx There is also an example which allows cgx to be used as an pre processor for dolfyn The mesh can be written in dolfyn format with the command send B 16 Remarks Concerning Duns and Isaac If you intent to create a 2D mesh for the cfd code duns or isaac you have to watch out that all surfaces are created in the same order That means that all surfaces must be defined clockwise or counter clockwise For isaac they have to be count
108. ply BC after reading with cgx See the Program Parameters section on how to do that e Back in cgx delete the existing surface mesh del me and import the Abaqus tet mesh read mesh msh inp or start a new session cgx c mesh msh If the mesh is composed of several parts or if you want to add the tet mesh to an existing one then assemble all parts by reading one after the other with fead e Create sets of nodes faces or elements to create boundary conditions and export them with send e Create the input deck for ccx with an editor and start the calculation e Look at the results with cgx cgx results frd B 13 How to check an input file for ccx A quick check of a ccx input file can be done with cgx by reading the file with the option c cgx c file inp After startup all defined node element and surface sets are availabe together with internal sets which group togeter certain entities according to their purposes The following internal sets will be created if appropriate data were found e bou DOF Created if BOUNDARY is found All affected nodes are stored in bou were bou DOF store just the nodes which are con strained in the related DOF number e dep BOU Created if EQUATION is found All dependent nodes are stored in dep e ind BOU Analog to dep 107 e clo nr Created if CLOAD is found The nr counts the number of appearance e dlo nr Created if DLOAD is found e mpcl
109. q length The length is calculated as the sum of the distances between successive nodes Since version 1 8 there are two ways of operation One way is to specify the Datasets and the entity as parameters of the command graph set time DISP D1 which will display the displacement D1 of nodes in set vs the dataset time of all DISP Datasets The first and the last dataset can be specified optionally For the traditional way a sequence of datasets must have been selected see Toggle Dataset Sequence After the selection of the datasets an Entity must be specified Then the user could use the graph command to generate the history plot of this pre defined sequence The command graph set nr will display the values on the node positions vs the dataset numbers The command graph set time will display the values on the node positions vs the dataset values usually time or frequency seelNodal Results Block parameter VALUE and the command 35 graph set descr will display the values on the node positions vs the dataset description only makes sense if the description is a numerical value See Nodal Results Block parameter TEXT for the location of this data in the frd file In addition a second data file is written graph out2 which stores the node number and the node coordinates and all values at this node position for all datasets This file can be used to display values over node position
110. r node by pressing n or p when the mouse pointer is at the position of a node or a point It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 60 qcut qcut RETURN w q n p u v This keyword is used to define a cutting plane trough elements to visualize internal results see figure 5 The plane is defined either by picking three nodes select with key n or points select with key p or in case a dataset entity 51 y of a vector was already selected by just one node select with key v The cutting plane is then determined by the direction of the vector displacements worstPS Be aware of the key u undo to return to the un cutted structure See also Tcut for the command line function It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry LC39 STRESS Tim 13 000000 Entity Mises 33e 03 54e 01 e max min 21e 02 98e 02 74e 02 51e 02 27e 02 04e 02 808402 57e 02 33e 02 10e 02 86e 02 63e 02 39e 02 16e 02 92e 02 69e 02 46e 02 22e 02 86e 01 51e 01 17e 01 82e 01 NON ORPRPRRPRNNNNW U NU NU BE DB BR DR KR
111. re available For example scal creates a scaled copy the scaling factors fx fy fz can be chosen independently Several transformations are available For example scal creates a scaled copy the scaling factors fx fy fz can be chosen independently copy partl part2 scal 2 PO copy partl part2 scal 1 1 2 PO 26 tra will create a copy and will move it away by the vector dx dy dz and the optional parameter a will assign the new entities to sets were the mother of each entity is included copy setl set2 tra 10 20 30 a rot will create a copy and will move it around the axis defined by the points pl and p2 by alfa degrees copy setl set2 rot p0 px 20 rad will create a copy and will move it radially to the x y or z axis or will create a spherical section if just a single point is defined copy cylinderl cylinder2 rad x 20 copy spherel sphere2 rad pPO 10 mir will create a mirrored copy The mirror plane is placed normal to the direction running from P1 to P2 and placed at P2 copy sectionl section2 mir P1 P2 8 9 corrad gt corrad lt set gt This is a very special command to adjust improperly defined arc lines like in fillets The center points of arc lines included in the set are moved in a way that each arc line will run tangentially into a connected straight line But because the end points of the arc lines are not moved only one side of each arc line will run into a connected line The other side is not contro
112. ree Cartesian directions da global angle dax day daz angle around x y z dr global radius difference e drx dry drz radius difference around x y z It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 63 qdiv gdiv RETURN w gt l a i 1 gt gt 9 10 99 q This keyword is used to change the division of a line by pressing a number between 1 and 9 when the mouse pointer is at the position of a line see also div To define numbers between 10 and 99 press the space bar when the mouse pointer is at the position of a line and then the number To select more than one line with one stroke type a before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle To select only one line type i before Press q to quit the command General rules are described in div It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 53 8 64 qele gele RETURN s v n q This keyword is used to manually define elements The key n selects nodes and the key s or v generate a surface or volume element based on the n
113. rfaces might use this functionality REMARK The knot vector has to have a multiplicity of degree 1 There is also a small nurbs building capability in cgx It is possible to use existing surfaces with 4 edges which do not already reference a given nurbs The new nurbs will follow the Coons algorithm but can be modified by moving the control points The surfaces must be stored in a set For example nurs surfaceSet will define nurbs for all surfaces stored in the set surfaceSet This nurbs can be used to define the interiour of other surfaces This is necessary if tr3u ele ments unstructured triangles should be used and if the surface is not related to a given shape 8 49 ori ori lt set gt This keyword is used to trigger the orientation of the entities This is done automatically and it should never be necessary to use it manually 8 50 plot plot La le PE Pp PI Ps to eS PE si si La ar prl ga etev gt lt set gt we kR 12 8 1 b 1 y 1m n gt gt t This keyword is used to display the entities of a set Entities already visible will be erased The following types of entities are known 45 Nodes n Elements e Faces f Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S Nurb Lines L Shapes sh and the shaded illuminated surfaces si The entities can be displayed in the following colors White w Black k Red r Green g Blue b Yellow y Magenta m Nickel n metallic grey
114. ric entities are the mothers of nodes faces and elements so to say and will remember them In turn if an entity is not the mother of a given mesh entity it will not remember it Therefore a body will only know about nodes which are not placed on surfaces lines or points A surface will only know about nodes which are not placed on lines or points And so on Therefore if you need the nodes on a surface and not only the ones just inside 101 the surface then create a set with this surface and do a comp set do This will add the lines and points together with their nodes to the set On the other hand if you have only a node and you need the geometric entity in which the node is embedded you might also type comp set do B 7 How to change the order of elements Use the command mids to change from second order to first order or vice versa In this case the amount of elements will not change Or use the command end with the parameter quadlin to change from second order to first order But in this case each second order element will be splitted in 8 first order elements B 8 How to connect independent meshes Sometimes it is advisable to glue independent meshes together instead of trying to create one big seamless mesh Or you just want to create a contact formulation were you know that no separation will happen In this situations you might use equations also called mpc s which connect one dependent node with one or m
115. s etc It is up to the user to generate a suitable plot out of this data The graph files can be edited and combined For example to plot one type of value vs another type of value If an cecx or Abaqus input file was read then it is also possible to create time history plots of the amplitudes AMPLITUDE in ccx or the material properties can be displayed MATERIAL in ccx graph amplitude name amp graph material name mat Wildcards can be used to search for amplitudes or materials of a certain expression They are listed with all values if the parameter Il follows after amp or mat graph N amp 1 lists all amplitudes which contain the N key in its name with all values The parameters related to datasets can also be displayed with the graph command graph p time DISP HID This command plots the nodal diameters used in a cyclic symmetry calcula tion over the dataset value Only few parameters are written from ccx in frd format Other applications might define its own parameters in frd format see Parameter Header Record for the format of a parameter record 8 26 grps 2 grps 2 The result format allows to assign elements to a group frd see Element Definition Block One element can only belong to one group This command creates sets and 36 stores all elements of a certain group in a certain set called grp nr 8 27 gsur gsur lt name char lt 9 gt
116. s frame can be reloaded by pressing the middle mouse button twice and the right button once while the mouse is in the menu area 6 2 Keyboard The Keyboard is used for command line input and specifying the type of entities when selecting them with the mouse pointer The command line is preferable in situations where pure mouse operation is not convenient i e to define a certain value or for batch controlled operations Therefore most commands are only available over the command line The stream coming from the keyboard is echoed in the parent xterm but during typing the mouse pointer must stay inside the main window Otherwise the commands will not be recognized by the program The following special keys are used Special Keys ARROW UP previous command ARROW DOWN next command PAGE UP entities of previous set if the last command was plot or plus or the previous Loadcase PAGE DOWN entities of next set if the last command was plot or plus or the next Loadcase 14 MENU AREA DRAWING AREA COORDINATE SYSTEM DRAWING MODE SURFACE VOLUME FILE NAME 4340109 Figure 2 structure of the main window 7 Menu The main menu pops up when pressing the left mouse button inside the menu area figure B It should be noted that there are equivalent command line functions for most of the menu functions This can be used for batch controlled post processing Next the entities inside the main menu will be
117. s nas nastran In case the format would be ans ansys then the 17 would be the number of the first equation No number is required for abq abaqus and calculix see also How to connect independent meshes There is also the slide option in combination with the areampc option For example if the mesh of a turbine blade and a disk should be connected with each other in a simpler but realistic way then a sliding condition between this parts can be established The command send dep indep abq areampc slide will connect the nodes in the set dep to element faces described by nodes in cluded in the set indep but only in the direction perpendicular to a plane defined by nodes of the dep set Therefore all dep nodes and all indep nodes must lie in the same plane and will slide in the same plane Another case is considered with the presfit option in combination with the areampc option For example if a cylindrical press fit should be simulated 74 then a forced displacement between the two intersecting surfaces is necessary This forces the dependent nodes to move to the independent face Two modes are available send dep indep abq areampc presfit f simulates sticking friction and with the option s send dep indep abq areampc presfit s works for sliding conditions The user might request a certain value for the press fit if the overlapping of the mesh do not represent the necessary distance send dep indep abq areampc pre
118. send set aster nam for exporting the GROUP NO node group and the GROUP MA mesh group which compose the set The file will have nam extension The later item is particularly useful to apply boundary conditions onto DOF pressure force displacement temperature etc Since of these bound ary conditions are coded with EFICAS in the input file I thought it was not necessary to develop another features than the 2 previous ones B 19 Remarks Concerning Samcef From Paul CARRICO 2006 04 17 BASIC TUTORIAL FOR HOWTO USE THE SAMCEF EXPORT FORMAT 1 Definition of the points K pnt pO 0 0 0 K pnt pi 100 K pnt p20 10 K pnt p3 2 10 R plot pa all 2 Definition of the lines R plus l all K qlin link the points pO p1 p3 p2 p2 p0 3 Creation of the first surface 110 K qsur 4 Creation of 10 between pO p1 and 11 between p1 amp p3 sets K qadd lo K qadd 11 4 Creation of the 2 other surfaces K swep 10 11 tra 0 3 0 K swep 11 lib tra 3 0 0 5 Creation of the SYMETRY set K plot s all K qadd SYMETRY use both a and rr keys to select all the surfaces 6 Creation of the volumes K swep SYMETRY s1 swep tra 0 O 1 all the volume will be automatically created 7 Looking for common points lines and surfaces In the order K merg p all K merg 1 all K merg s all 8 Creation of the LOAD set and ANCHORAG one K qadd LOAD use rr keys to select the surface K qadd ANCHORAG
119. set of entities 99 100 IRA 100 B 5 How to generate a time history plot 100 E P dr r El 101 ere ere ee 102 Cee pf ab ees 102 pia dei ROG amp a 102 Gas Bid dens A dit hate were a INNER 103 a th Phat a DE El PE 105 ets SN DE O 105 A fi do as pe o 107 E BE dE Get SR ae 108 B 15 Remarks Concerning dolfyn s s s a sca eo a au a a i 109 Shoal Medi eee 109 be ee hoy Saale md A 109 bed als end dd Gowen a 109 dci do E E 110 112 uds dai RE 112 eine ed wha eee LES EE see EA 114 AA oa ie eh A es 115 Rabe Seb A eee es 116 A 118 1 Introduction This document is the description of CalculiX GraphiX cgx This program is designed to generate and display finite elements FE and results coming from CalculiX CrunchiX ccx If you have any problems using cgx this document should solve them If not you might send an email to the author 3 The Con cept and File Format sections give some background on functionality and mesher capabilities The Getting Started section describes how to run the verification examples you should have obtained along with the code of the program You might use this section to check whether you installed CalculiX correctly Then a detailed overview is given of the menu and all the available keywords in al phabetical order in the Menu and Commands sections respectively Finally the User s Manual ends with the appendi
120. sfit s0 06 will move the dep nodes 0 06 in the normal direction of the independent faces works also with option f Additional nodes are generated and can be used to request the reaction forces on the dependent nodes They are stored in a set named Nijdep set name jind set name Two files are produced The one with the equations has to be included in the model definition section and the boundary file in the step section Special cases are the cfd solvers Duns Isaac and OpenFoam The boundary patches are an integral part of the mesh So it is necessary to specify all bound ary patches when writing the mesh All free surfaces of the mesh must be specified This is an example for OpenFoam send all foam cyclic cycl cyc2 cx patch in patch out wall wall will write the so called polyMesh description to the file system After the send command the set all with the mesh is specified then the format foam then cyclic boundary conditions cyclic cycl cyc2 cx between set cycl and cyc2 of the axi symmetric case around x cx then boundary conditions of type patch for set in patch in then boundary conditions of type patch for set out patch out and boundary conditions of type wall for set vall wall wall The symmetric boundary conditions base type cyclic can be axi symmetric c around x y z or rectangular r in direction of x y z Only for OpenFoam and in the rectangular Cartesian case also a vector pointing in the direction of th
121. shapes are planned but not implemented so far cyl con sph If automatic name generation is desired then use instead of a name See also ashpl for the mouse controlled definition of shapes 79 8 95 split split lt seti gt lt set2 gt This keyword is used to split lines surfaces and elements The split command will not generate new surfaces but it will create points along the intersection between the surfaces in setl and the surfaces or shapes or faces in set2 So far only tetraeder elements in setl can be splitted by surfaces faces or shapes in set2 In this case the splitted tetraeder elements will be replaced by new tetraeder and pentaeder elements It can be used to cut out parts of the mesh to be either used directly in other models or which can be remeshed with tets based on an stl file derived from them Or it can be used to apply damages to a structure See How to map loads in the appendix on how to map loads to the new created nodes from the original mesh 8 96 steps steps lt value gt This keyword is used to define the number of different colors in the post processor mode The default is 21 8 97 surf surf lt name char lt 9 gt lt line lcmb gt lt line lcmb gt lt line lcmb gt gt lt line 1cmb gt This keyword is used to define or redefine a surface It is a more convenient way to define a surface than the command 2801 but it requires 3 4 or 5 edges lines
122. shown on the screen see also Zoom 7 6 Center Used to choose a new center point for the structure After this option is chosen pick either a node a point or the corner of an entity To easily find the element corners the function Toggle Element Edges is triggered automatically see also gent 7 7 Enquire Used to investigate parameters like the value and the position of a certain node of the model Pick a node after this option is chosen To easily find the element corners the function Toggle Element Edges is triggered automatically see also geng 7 8 Cut Used to cut elements and to create a section of new elements and nodes Either pick three nodes or in case a dataset entity of a vector was already selected use the menu entry vector and select just one node The cutting plane is then determined by the direction of the vector displacements worstPS To eas ily find the element corners the function Toggle Element Edges is triggered automatically see also Tqcut and cut 20 7 9 Graph Used to generate a 2D plot The option Length will provide a plot value over distance between nodes The option Datasets will provide a plot value over Dataset nr and the option Time will provide value over Time For the later two options it is necessary to first create an animation with either the command ds or the menu option Toggle Dataset Sequence see also grap
123. solver format with e Eendlall abq With the send command it is also possible to write boundary conditions loads and equations to files The equations are useful to glue parts together It is advisable to save your work from time to time without exiting the pro gram This is done with the command e Eave You leave the program either with e exit or with 11 e Iquit Exit will write all geometry to an fbd file and if a file of this name exists already then the extension of this file will be renamed from fbd to fbb quit closes the program without saving A solver input file can be written with the help of an editor emacs nedit etc If you write a ccx command file then include the mesh the boundary conditions etc with the cex command INCLUDE After you finished your input file for the solver ccx you might read it by calling the program again with cgx c solverfile inp for a final check All predefined sets are available together with automati cally generated sets which store boundaries equations and more These sets start with the sign For example the set bou stores all constrained nodes where the set boul bou2 bou3 store the constraints for the individual di rections Further the set dep and ind store the dependent and independent nodes involved in equations etc See which sets are defined with the command e prnt se Each line starts with the set in
124. such a section to move exactly equal in the cylindrical system If the coordinate system of the displacements for the solver is rectangular xyz then the syntax is send dep indep nas cyempc rx12 cl Here dep is the set containing the nodes of the dependent side These nodes will be replaced by the solver with the independent nodes from the set indep In this case the equations will be written in the nastran format nas in nas tran called MPC The parameter rx12 defines the displacement system as rectangular r the rotational axis is x and the 12 defines the number of segments in 360 deg therefore the angle of the segment is 360 deg 12 Atten tion The sign of the number of segments must be negative if the angle between the independent side and the dependent side is negative If the nr of segments is omitted then the value is calculated for each node separate The c triggers the correction of the position of the dependent nodes to a position defined by the angle of the segment highly recommended u would prevent the correction The 17 will be the identifier for the equations if the format is nas nastran In case the format would be ans ansys then the 1 would be the number of the first equation No number is required for abq abaqus and calculix If the coordinate system of the displacements is cylindrical rtz then the example 73 would be send dep indep nas cycmpc cx12 cl Only the
125. tempera ture instead of a uniform value or send surf abq rad dsl el lc1 e2 will specify also the dataset nr 1 with the entity nr 2 to be used for the film coefficients instead of a uniform value The front or rear side of the face pos or neg is selected with the or parameter it has to be the last parameter The parameter rad is used to assign a sink temperatures and the emissiv ity to element faces It works similar to the pres option For example send surf abq rad 1200 0 5 will assign the sink temperature of 1200 and the emissivity 0 5 to all element faces in set surf If datasets with nodal values are available it is also possible to use this values instead of using a uniform value for all faces For example send surf abq rad lc1 el 1200 will specify the dataset nr 1 and the entity nr 1 to be used for the tempera ture instead of a uniform value or send surf abq rad lc1 el lc1 e2 will specify also the dataset nr 1 with the entity nr 2 to be used for the emissiv ity instead of a uniform value The front or rear side of the face pos or neg is selected with the or parameter it has to be the last parameter The parameter dflux is used to assign an energy stream to element faces It works similar to the pres option For example send surf abq dflux 0 5 will assign the flux of 0 5 to all element faces in set surf If a dataset with nodal values is available it is also possibl
126. terial dependant 3 Element data at nodes not used 3 Type of Record Format 1X 12 2X 8A1 515 8A1 Values KEY NAME MENU ICTYPE ICIND1 ICIND2 IEXIST ICNAME Where KEY 5 NAME Entity name to be used in the menu for this comp MENU 1 ICTYPE Type of entity 1 scalar 2 vector with 3 components 4 matrix 12 vector with 3 amplitudes and 3 phase angles in degree ICIND1 sub component index or row number ICIND2 column number for ICTYPE 4 IEXIST 0 data are provided 1 data are to be calculated by predefined functions not used 2 as 0 but earmarked ICNAME Name of the predefined calculation not used ALL calculate the total displacement if ICTYPE 2 This record must be repeated for each entity 4 Type of Record not used This record will be necessary in combination with the request for predefined calculations This type of record is not allowed in combination with binary coding of data 95 Format 1X 12 215 2013 Values KEY IRECTY NUMCPS LSTCPS I I 1 NUMCPS Where KEY 26 IRECTY Record variant identification number NUMCPS Number of components LSTCPS For each variant component the position of the corresponding component in the attribute definition 5 Type of Record The following records are data records and the format is repeated for each node In case of material independent data ascii coding Following records ascci FORMAT 0 1 Short Format 1X 12 15 6E12 5 Long F
127. ther parameter follows then just the defini tion of the nodes and elements will be written send all abq will write the mesh in the format used by Abaqus and the CalculiX solver If the parameter ds is provided followed by the dataset nr send set abq dsl then the values stored in Dataset 1 are written For frd the ds parameter w o any further values forces cgx to write all datasets but w o the internally calculated ones send all frd ds If a sign appears at the end of the ds parameter 67 send all frd ds or send all frd dsl then also the internally calculated values like vMises stress are written The bin parameter has the same meaning as the ds parameter but in this case the result is written in the binary form of the frd format always all datasets In case data should be written for the crack analysis tool Darwin send all dar ds will write all datasets Since Darwin changed the format from version 7 1 on it is possible to change the format with the parameter v7 1 as the last parameter If the set is of the ordered type and includes nodes see fasedj then the data are written in tabular form for use in a 1D crack prop Darwin analysis Missing lower entities nodes points lines etc will be added to the set be fore the set is written if the parameter comp follows For example geometry like bodies send set fbd comp will be extended by surfaces lines and points
128. ti intersectSet p setl set2 set3 generates a set intersectSet with points which are stored in each of the sets 78 setl set2 set3 8 92 seto gt seto lt set gt This keyword is used to enquire open sets seto Or to mark a set as open seto set All newly defined or redefined entities will be members of all open sets See setc how to close an open set 8 93 setr setr lt set gt n e p 1 s 1 b 1 S L se sh lt name gt This keyword is used to remove entities from a set see also The entity will not be deleted It is just not longer a member of that set To remove entities from the set dummy type setr dummy p pl p2 This will remove the points pl and p2 from the set The following entities are known Nodes n Elements e Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S Nurb Lines L other sets se and shapes sh The program will auto matically determine the type of the entities if not specified but then the names must be unique 8 94 shpe gt shpe lt name gt pln lt P1 gt lt P2 gt lt P3 gt cyl con sph This keyword is used to create a shape which can be used to define the interiour of surfaces or to be used as a target for projections seelproj oe to split entities see split A plane shape is defined with the parameter pln followed by the names of three points shpe H001 pln P1 P2 P3 Other types of
129. together with the geometry if you type the Bavej command Of course the sets must have been defined based on geometry and not based on mesh entities like nodes because mesh entities are not saved with the save command You must know that geometry sets know also their mesh entities after a Imesh command If you store your commands to write the boundary conditions in a file you can easily repeat them by just reading this 102 Element Face o Dependent Node Four Independent Nodes At The Element Corners Figure 11 Dependent node on element face to create a connection command file see read Several types of loads can be applied That is forces pressure thermal heat coefficients and radiation etc For unsupported loads write a set of element node or face labels parameter names and apply the desired load to that set in the solver input file Other boundary conditions like single point constraints for structural thermal and fluid calculations can be written The sliding condition parameter slide were nodes are bound to the element faces to which they belong can be used for structural calculations or for fluid calculations In the later case it forces the flow to follow the surface of the elements This is necessary in inviscid calculations to prevent the fluid to penetrate the walls Results from a previous calculation can be written in the solver input format for further calculations parameter ds
130. tor plot will be displayed If a 4th entity is defined then this entity will be used for the basic color plot lc 2 4 10 e 12 13 14 15 In addition it is possible to scale the entities of the specified datasets le 181 2 will scale all entities of dataset 1 by a factor of 1 2 8 14 elem elem lt nr gt lt firstNode gt lt lastNode gt be2 be3 tr3 tr6 gt qu4 qu8 he8 he20 This keyword is used to define elements based on nodes and its type see section Element Typeslin the appendix for the correct node order For example elem 1 1 2 3 4 qu4 creates a shell element with four nodes 30 8 15 elty elty lt set gt be2 be2d be3 tr3 tr3u tr3e tr3s gt tr3c tr6 tr6e tr 6s tr6c qu4 qu4e gt gt qu4s qu4c qu8 qu8e qu8s qu8c he8 gt he8f he8i he8r he20 he20r This keyword is used to assign a specific element type to a set of entities see section Element Types in the appendix The element name is composed of the following parts The leading two letters define the shape be beam tr triangle qu quadrangle he hexahedra then the number of nodes and at last an attribute describing the mathematical formulation or other features c axisymmetric e plain strain s plain stress u unstructured mesh r
131. ually see it type plus ea all Now you see the mesh in green color To see the mesh as a wire frame choose in the main menu Viewing and continue to the entry Toggle Element Edges and then again in Viewing choose Dots To see the mesh illuminated chose in the main menu Viewing and continue to the entry Show Elements With Light To see it filled choose in the main menu Viewing and continue to the entity Fill Most of the time it is sufficient to see the surface elements only For this purpose choose in the main menu Viewing and continue to the entry Toggle Surfaces Volumes If you start cgx in the post processor mode as you did in the first example cgx result frd the surface mode is automatically set To see the interior of the structure choose in the main menu Vievingl and continue to the entity Toggle Culling Back Front To save the mesh in the format used by the solver type send all abq To store the mesh in the result format type send all frd To create a new model start the cgx by typing egx b file where file will be the name of the new model if you later exit the program with the command exit The way to create a model from scratch is roughly as follows create e points with Tapnt or pat e lines with ala e surfaces with gsury e Bodies with abod If possible create higher geometry by sweeping or copying geometry with Bwepj or copy The comman
132. urfaces s Bodies b Node Texts t Nurb Surfaces S Nurb Lines L Sets se and Shapes sh When an entity is deleted all dependent higher entities are deleted as well Special cases are del 10 set lizero were all lines with zero length in set set are deleted and 28 del se0 will delete all empty sets If a background picture was loaded with the Tread command it can be deleted with del pic 8 12 div div lt line gt lt division gt div lt set gt lt division gt mult div lt factor div gt lt factor bias gt auto lt node dist gt lt angle gt This keyword is used to define the division of line s The div keyword also works on a set of lines see gadd The division controls the number of nodes created when the geometry is meshed see and mesh For example div all 4 attaches the division of 4 to all lines With the keyword mult or div in combi nation with a value it is possible to multiply or divide already assigned divisions div all mult 2 Or in case you need a starting point for the individual divisions you can use the option auto with the optional parameters node dist and angle Node dist is the maximum allowed distance between nodes and angle is the maximum al lowed angle defined by three sequential nodes If one parameter is not fulfilled then the division is halved Default values are defined in the file cgx h div all auto Some rules must be fulfill
133. v setl will display the nodes in set setl with their values This is only meaningful in post processing mode see how to assign values to nodes To plot additional entities see plus 8 51 plus plus n e gt 1 gt 1p 1 1 s b S L gt sh si 8 gt Parlar epr ga t ev gt lt set gt WIR Jr Pe lb Py lem ret This keyword is used to display the entities of an additional set after a command was used see also minus Further details are explained in section 8 52 pnt pnt lt name char lt 9 gt lt x gt lt y gt lt z gt lt line gt lt ratio gt lt times gt lt P1 gt lt P2 gt lt ratio gt lt times gt lt setname containing nodes gt This keyword is used to define or redefine a point There are four possibilities to define a point To define a point just with coordinates pnt pl 11 1 2 34 or pnt 11 1 2 34 where the name is chosen automatically It is also possible to create points on a line or in the direction from P1 to P2 by defining a spacing ratio and number of points pnt L1 0 25 3 or pnt P1 P2 0 25 3 will create 3 new points at the positions 0 25 0 5 and 0 75 times the length of the line or the distance from P1 to P2 and it is also possible to create points 47 on the positions of existing nodes The command pnt set will create new points on the positions of the nodes included in the specified set Usually when points are defined interacti
134. ve the command is used 8 53 prnt gt prnt se sq lt RETURN set chars gt Pn e p l 1 1 s b lt entity gt amp lt RETURN amplitude chars gt mat lt RETURN material chars gt This keyword is used to print definition of entities The following entities are known Nodes n Elements e Faces f Points p Lines 1 Surfaces s Bodies b Nurb Surfaces S Nurb Lines L Sets se and Sequences sq To see all known sets type prnt se Or type prnt sq to see all known sequential sets sequences Wildcards can be used to search for setnames of a certain expression In this case all sets matching the expression will be listed prnt se N lists all sets starting with N To see the contents of a specific set type prnt se setName To print the definition of a line type prnt lineName If an ccx or abaqus input file was read then it is also possible to print the amplitudes AMPLITUDE in ccx or the material propperties MATERIAL in ccx 48 prnt amp amplitude name prnt mat material name Wildcards can be used 8 54 proj gt proj lt set gt lt target set gt lt shpe gt gt tra lt dx gt lt dy gt lt dz gt lt offset gt rot lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt offset gt Prot x y z lt offset gt rad lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt offset gt Prad x y z lt offset gt nor
135. x and some references used while writing the code 2 Concept This program uses the openGL library for visualization and the glut library for window management and event handling This results in very high speed if a hardware accelerated openGL library is available and still high speed for software rendering MesaGL The cgx has pre and post processor capabilities It is able to generate and display beam shell and brick elements in its linear and quadratic form fig DJ In addition it can display but not create pentahedra and tetrahedra elements The built in mesher creates a structured mesh based on a description of the geometry For example it uses lines for beam elements surfaces for shell elements and volumes bodies for brick elements The program distinguishes between the mesh and the underlying geometry Elements are made from faces and faces are made from nodes If you move a node the corresponding face s and element s will follow The geometry behaves according to the mesh Lines are made from points surfaces are made from lines and bodies are made of surfaces Surfaces might have 3 to 5 edges and bodies might have 5 to 7 surfaces As aresult if you modify the position of a point all related geometry will follow In other words if the location of geometric entities is changed it is necessary to move the points on which the entities rely It should be noted that faces exist only on free surfaces of the model Even thoug
136. yword is used to create a body see also and body The user might specify a name in the command line or by picking an existing body with the key b Otherwise the program chooses an unused name It is possible to create the body out of five to seven surfaces which are needed to define a body or just of two opposite surfaces but then these two surfaces must be connected on their corner points by lines To be more precise only single lines or existing combined lines will be detected If a combined line would be necessary but does not exist then the user should define a surface using this lines which will create the necessary combined line Other missed surfaces will be created automatically To catch more than one surface with one stroke type a before and create a rectangular picking area by pressing two times the r key Both strokes define opposite corners of the rectangle Type s to select surfaces To catch surfaces individually type i before its also the default After selecting exactly six or two opposite surfaces press g to generate the body Press q to quit the command or u to undo the last action It is also possible to measure distances between two pixels on the screen Just press the key w on the positions of the two pixels The distance is calculated in the scale of the displayed geometry 8 59 qent qent RETURN w n p This keyword is used to define a new center point o

CalculiX USER`S MANUAL - CalculiX GraphiX, Version 2.5 -

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