university of alaska anchorage - Computer Science & Engineering
Contents
1. The first thing to do right after install is boot the system then log in with the default Raspbian credentials Run the command sudo raspi config Eile Edit Tabs Help then this menu will show 1 Select Expand Filesystem 2 Select Change User Password and change the default password to something else 3 Select Enable Boot to Desktop Scratch and then select Desktop Log in as Figure 4 1 raspi config 18 CHAPTER 4 SETUP AND USER MANUAL user pi at the graphical desktop This will enable the Raspbian OS to automatically log in as the user selected 4 The Raspbian image by default will have a UK keyboard layout Select Internationalisation Options then Change Keyboard Layout and follow the options to choose the desired layout 5 Once done making all the required desired changes Select Finish 6 Enter sudo reboot to restart the Raspberry Pi required for some changes Connecting To A WiFi Network If the Raspberry Pi will be connected via K Audio Jack Control ethernet then skip these steps Keyboard and Mouse Settings E Monitor Settings Synaptic Package Manager We will need an internet connection in order FO Run to download or update the packages available E Shutdown for Raspbian so follow these steps to connect eye Theme and Appearance Settings to your wireless network TT M SES 1 Access the WiFi Configuration tool ES Window Settings from the ma2. the alarm will sound the GUI will be updated and a message will be sent via PubNub to alarm the remote clients about the incident Once the user disarms the alarm the model will become updated along with stopping the alarm Boot Alarm System Connect to Run Sound Run RF Run GUI NodeJS Module Module Locally Activate or Deactivate Sound Send Update via Pubnub Figure 3 3 Flowchart of System s Logic 14 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND TESTING USER INTERFACE 3 3 Testing both User Interface and System Testing Overview To verify that the system is working properly a series of tests are going to be done The GUI will be tested for various inputs button presses to see if any kind error arises The RF transmissions will be tested for correctness and fault The alarm system itself is gonna be let running for an extended amount of time to monitor system usage The Valgrind tool will be used to check for memory leaks All of these test combined should be enough to prove that the alarm system is working properly There isn t much to test the GUI for because of its basic status The GUI tests were done by testing all the buttons Constantly pushing input to see if anything can be found that is not desired The buttons will limit what a user can do Preferable there should be no more option than the usual to avoid any kind of problems that could render the running system inoperable The Tests Turning off and on a transmitter
3. Testing the transmitters and receivers functionality and reliability by watching the input over time and testing the transmitters on and off periodically Uptime test Tested the program by leaving it running for a many hours several time to test false alarm triggers memory leaks by running the top command and monitoring the Rpi s CPU load and memory usage and no random crashes later or runtime issues Testing CPU priorities Tested the program for under different task priority levels along with the default Even though the Rpi won t be running anything other than the alarm system on top of some other OS user processes it is still preferred for it to have priority over the others to mitigate loss of missed RF 1108 messages The command used for this is nice 10 command where 10 gives priority over 0 the default max priority essen 20 lowest priority 19 1000 0 es coupe f os ee m 456 mum um m a oi praspb ainWindov lt Ha s F igure 3 4 Uptime Testing for CPU load and errors 15 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND TESTING USER INTERFACE Verify Integrity of RF Transmissions The RF transmitters and receivers are tested before being implemented into the project After programming the Attiny85 s with the transmission code an RF sniffer is run by itself to make sure there are no hiccups in the messages being sent out Each Attiny85 sends a different ID ie 1000 0111 etc for identification so ensurin
4. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE College Engineering Computer Science and Computer Engineering Home Alarm System With Raspberry Pi by Gabriel A P rez Cort s Supervisor Prof Kirk Scott PhD A CAPSTONE PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT ENGINEERING AT UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE FOR THE DEGREE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Anchorage AK March 2015 Copyright 2015 by Gabriel A Perez Cortes gaperezcortes alaska edu Version 0 0 Abstract The target of this capstone is to present a new new take on a home alarm system The development focuses on making an open source implementation with the use of a Raspberry Pi My work focuses on bringing a flexible and low cost approach to a home alarm system which can also be controlled from a remote android device via Internet without the user needing to do much on his her side The requirements hardware and tools needed are explained The presented system needs to endure indefinite use and be reliable The scope of the project relies on following the agile methodology and management to ensure iterations are made every so often In a chronological manner all the important pieces of the project are done until enough of the system is up and running to make iterations until a full system is complete A lot of the system has been tested for performance issues so as the project and testing has progressed there have been several problems encountered things learned the easy and the hard
5. a number pad along with some other buttons that provide certain functionalities This UI replicates exactly that for an intuitive easy to use experience Casuality Casuality is some kind of representation of anything after an action All the buttons in the UI provide a visual feedback when pushed and will emit some kind of beeping sound so the user definitely knows something is going on The panel in the top is there to show the status of the alarm system therefore after any action done by the user there will be an update message according to the alarm s current status 12 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND TESTING USER INTERFACE Visible Constraints Because of the Ul s basic structure the user will be limited to only being able to push some buttons but won t really be able to do anything other than that Mapping The natural mapping of the UI takes advantage of physical representations The UI has a number pad on the left side exactly how many other physical forms of keypads The right side contains some self explanatory buttons These button groups combined create a natural intuitive layout c o Gb QD Stay ug c L Ill MV TRU au Ww a M Tu D GE D Figure 3 1 A Traditional Home Alarm System The user interface this project is using is done with the Qt 4 toolkit The Raspberry Pi provides support for this toolkit Qt 4 was picked mainly due to preference the software support for GUI crea
6. ainwindow u ts P a AKI r Ler vecone II Object Css Jy Layouts mi IR tan S vertical Layout Hello World v centralwidget Qwidget lineEdit OLineEdit m Horizontal Layout Button pushButton amp QPus ttor 444 Grid Layout 4 Form Layout Spacers Bd Horizontal Spacer E Vertical Spacer M Buttons Push Button MainWindow QMainWindow He fohold N Tool Button hroperty Value g Radio Button palette Inherited font A Droid San Help U Debug Wf check Box Q Command Link Button Button Box Draid Sans v Item Views Model Based List View R Tree view Action Editor Signals amp Slots Editor E IET resu aiao compie ou E omas con E Figure 2 5 Qt Creator s UI Designer 2 4 Agile Methodology The Agile methodolody is adapted for the project development Unlike older more traditional development methods Agile provides flexibility and direction throughout the products lifecycle It provides the ability to re plan and optimize a code iterations unlike other methods which a product is committed to before it s even coded Due to all the flexibilities a developer or development team wouldn t crash and burn because something was miscalculated in the planning of the entire project unlike the waterfall method which relies on that every requirement will be identified and carefully planned before any coding occurs Iterations help evolve a product rather than just develo
7. allows for enabling or disabling the alarm more features to be implemented in the future Arming The System Press the Arm button Note that once the system is armed nothing can be done with it until it is disarmed Figure 4 3 Armed nn Disabling Armed Tripped Alarm Disarmed Press on the buttons corresponding to the pin then press the pound sign If the 7 8 wrong pin was input press the pound sign to clear the buffer as nothing will happen if on a wrong input B S 0 Figure 4 4 Disarmed N EEE 21 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUDING THE PROJECT Chapter 5 Concluding The Project 5 1 Summary And Reasons Quick Summary This alarm system uses a Raspberry Pi 2 which brings plenty flexibility and low power consumption allowing this home security system to acquire plenty of potential and ability for later upgrading Changes can be made to the UI Why C and not Python C eb D U t h O N At first the project was going to be developed with the use of Python 3 The reason for this Figure 5 1 C or Python was preference I already knew the Python 2 7 and 3 programming language and given all the libraries that are provided with and contributed online by other developers constructing functions such as sound and socket programming would be much easier to implement in contrast to C However C was a must because some one of the librar
8. er on the left which listens for signals sent by any 433 MHz RF transmitters These transmitters will send a message periodically out a heartbeat All the hardware communication is handled by the software run by the Raspberry Pi and the GPIO The RPi plays the most important role as it s a small credit card sized cheap computer that can perform very powerful tasks Having a 700 MHz processor and GPIO allows for parallel tasks to happen The Raspberry Pi will be handle all the RF communications and facilitated with the use of the 433Utils by reading the input provided by the RF receiver as a series of bits A front end GUI that contains some input output widgets responsible of carrying out commands by the user and visual responses Also local TCP server and a PubNub relay running in parallel receive remote commands from any of the android devices attached and send messages to them when any event in the alarm happens such as tripping locking unlocking The sole purpose of an Arduino Mini in this project is to program our ATtiny85 microcontrollers although it could be used to handle the RF transmissions if the RPi needed extra computing power CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND MODELING 2 2 Hardware Components Chapter 1 3 provides an introduction to the relevant hardware along with their specifications prices common uses and reasons to why they are used for this project Figure 2 1 Hardware Setup RPi top RF receiver left RF tran
9. g unique ID s are sent is a must Valgrind Valgrind is a very useful tool that helps the developer identify memory management and threading problems The tool is integrated with the Qt Creator to provide fast alongside Qt Creator however it is used from the command line in the Rpi because the program is compiled with itself main cpp Line 18 Col 42 Ex X ilf class Leak 12 public 13 Foo o 14 v Leak 1 15 0 new Foo 16 T 17 v Leak 18 missing destruction of Foo 19 20 21 22 v int main 0 M 24 Leak leak new Leak 25 cout Hello World endl 26 delete leak 27 return 60 28 29 30 t m Valgrind Memory Analyzer CIE e E M 1 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of1 in Leak Leak in main cpp 15 in 0x0 Figure 3 5 A Valgrind Positive Memory Leak Example 3 4 Agile Management The agile coding methodology is an approach to developing software through iterations Basically writing code from a skeleton to a full blown program through updates and changes In comparison the agile management approach deals with an oversight of the project and the agile development team So the project manager will facilitate the agile process in the developing of a project by capturing and keeping track of data analyzing it and adjusting timelines accordingly acting as a liaison between the team and the customer promotes good engineering practices The manager has a leadershi
10. ies for dealing with RF communications was written in C although there was a wrapper class for Python but turned out to be buggy with some broken functions as well Even though C wasn t my strongest language this project forced me learn more about it and polish my skill so it definitely was something profitable 22 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUDING THE PROJECT 5 2 Application To Field The project is not meant to make a difference in the field of software as there is no research done However with the completion of all the basic functionalities of this alarm system users can take advantage of the code provided to learn or use as an example on the Qt4 toolkit to learn on their own or become familiarized with a toolkit that is not provided with the language itself such as Microsoft Visual C C Java Swing FX This can help introduce Raspberry Pi enthusiasts to the capabilities of the little credit card sized computer and how to use the GPIOs along with external hardware Since it s all open source and the repository will be available to anyone a user can take upon him herself to make their own project with the use of the provided 5 3 Alternate Paths Future Development And Final Thoughts Things I would have done differently The project currently implements the RF communications with the Raspberry Pi Since version 2 has much more computing power available this isn t a problem However version 1 has very limited computing power in compariso
11. ill be entirely open source and will be released under the GNU GPL Home break ins are a common crime in today s world When a person breaks into a house having an alarm could easily deter the criminal from continuing their crime Alerting a homeowner is crucial when they re in their own home allowing for a better handle on the current situation Some statistics In 2013 there were an estimated 8 632 512 property crime offenses in the nation In 2013 the rate of property crime was estimated at 2 730 7 per 100 000 inhabitants CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Of all property crimes in 2013 larceny theft accounted for 69 6 percent Burglary accounted for 22 3 percent and motor vehicle theft for 8 1 percent Property crimes in 2013 resulted in losses estimated at 16 6 billion This project is intended for those Raspberry Pi tech savvy and DYI enthusiasts This alarm system is intended as an open source project therefore people will be able to use this and modify to their liking for a do their own project with its own features Maybe we could see expansions of the project with additions such as security cameras automated control of house lights locks etc 1 2 Overview The Raspberry Pi will the main component here for the user It will be connected to a 433 MHz receiver a WiFi module and a touchscreen eventually The receiver will be able to get signals from any 433 MHz transmitter These transmitters are each connected to an Attin
12. in menu Figure 4 2 Getting to WiFi Configuration 2 Hitthe Scan button to bring up a list of available networks 3 Double click the desired network 4 Click Connect Grabbing The Needed Software There are several programs and libraries we will need to download and install to our OS before we can do anything 1 Open a terminal 2 Update the repository versions with sudo apt get update 3 Upgrade the system with sudo apt get upgrade 4 Install the Qt4 compiler with sudo apt get y install qt4 qmake 5 Install WiringPi to the system e Clone the WiringPi repository git clone git git drogon net wiringPi Enter cd wiringPi to go into the directory of the cloned repo 19 CHAPTER 4 SETUP AND USER MANUAL Enter sudo build to build and install the library to your system Enter cd to go back into your home directory Prep The PiTFT 3 5in If you don t want have SSH enabled then leave this step for very last Setting up a PiTFT Touchscreen is fairly easy with the use of some scripts provided to facilitate job removing the need for manual task Go to https learn adafruit com adafruit pitft 3 dot 5 touch screen for raspberry pi for the easy advanced guides on how to get the screen up and running 4 4 Setting Up The Alarm System Setup The Code 1 Download the repository with git clone https github com gaperezcortes CSCE470 git 2 Put your PIN in the code no other way at the moment 3 To setup re
13. mote access set up the PubNub keys Open the Server js file in the nodejs folder with the default text editor or any other and replace the following your PubNub keys var pubnub PUBNUB init publish key pub x xxxXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX subscribe key sub x XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX ssl true 4 Compile the code Open a terminal Enter cd CSCE470 to go into the directory of the cloned project repository Enter make to compile all the code Go grab a cup of tea or whatever beverage Program is ready to be launched If desired run now the program will use sudo since RF needs SU privileges to work by entering launcher into the terminal 20 CHAPTER 4 SETUP AND USER MANUAL Autostart Program The alarm system should be able to boot automatically as soon as the X server and desktop environment are up and running It would be unnecessary to start the alarm system manually and basically renders it useless if for any reason the Raspberry Pi would reboot power outage manual reboot some kind of crash To enable the alarm system to autostart 1 Add the launcher as a desktop shortcut to the autostart folder config autostart 2 Ensure that the RF receiver data pin is hooked up to the GPIO 27 also known as PIN 13 RPi A B B RPi2 3 Reboot the system to verify alarm system boots on startup 4 5 Using The Alarm System The alarm system is currently at its most basic state It only
14. n so running the RF sniffer is very tasking to the point of introducing errors to the system To address this problem and arduino handling the RF communications would offload a lot of computational power allowing the Raspberry Pi 1 to run the alarm system flawlessly Future Additions These are things that I would implement later on after the semester ends e Add system logging to keep track of any events that happened throught time e Parameterizable features like declaring zones for transmitters Update the User Interface to allow for more implemented features e Use an SMTP server to send text messages to a phone number in case of alarm trip Final Thoughts Constructing the Raspberry Pi Home Alarm System project was indeed fun It allowed me to apply many of the skills I ve been taught and have learned on my own throughout my school years as a computer science major and to also prove myself as a software developer 23 APPENDIX A Appendix A UML lt lt interface gt gt Observer CommandParser Observable Extends AlarmSystem Qt4 Front End RF Handler APPENDIX B Appendix B Source Code For the source code refer to e https github com gaperezcortes CSCE470 tree RPi BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography Property Crimes in the US 2013 http www fbi gov about us cjis ucr crime i
15. n the u s 2013 crime in the u s 2013 property crime property crime topic page propertycrimemain_final Arduino Mini information http arduino cc en Main ArduinoBoardMini Raspberry Pi information http downloads element14 com raspberryPil html Attiny85 information http www atmel com devices attiny85 aspx Raspberry Pi projects https hackaday io projects tag raspberry 20p1 Qt Creator Info http qt project org wiki Category Tools QtCreator Valgrind http valgrind org Node js http nodejs org about 433Utils https github com ninjablocks 433Utils 10 The Agile Samurai October 5 2010 11 How to write effective Test cases procedures and definitions http www softwaretestinghelp com how to write effective test cases test cases procedures and definitions 12 Agile Management http agilemethodology org 13 Valgrind Quickstart http valgrind org docs manual quick start html quick start mcrun 17
16. nd transmitter Hardware SEUD i e aE erat Modena Ned addu N dud eL EET eder eei pU RPiHardwar ConneCtions u owes ied wk sige de EG ME ERG ME a AA RR RF Transmitter Connections Estimated Timeline of the Project eh Ot Creators UL Designer exi eI uev PARED EUER EINEN BAUR EE A Traditional Home Alarm System The First Iteration of The a RE RA E Rd aR E TE a H Flowchart of System s Logic Uptime Testing for CPU load and errors A Valgrind Positive Memory Leak Example R spl Config Lan sg duct ape outa ede NI nes Mates wade Mies ave ted Beak S Getting to WiFi Configuration Armed Disarmed xiii v 0000 AARUN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks for the help Dr Scott You have taught me plenty of programming and pointed me in the right direction to continue honing my skills as a computer scientist CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction This project will be a home alarm system It will be made using a Raspberry Pi an RF receiver some RF transmitters The primary purpose will be to alert the homeowners with some kind of sound and maybe push notifications to registered Android devices It w
17. or HDMI preferable for obvious reasons Some of the operating systems this device can run are Linux distributions Raspbian Debian Fedora Arch RISC FreeBSD and NetBSD The RPi shines due to its cheap cost and big Figure 1 2 Raspberry Pi Model B community but the best feature it has to offer is its GPIO General Purpose Input Output It opens a whole new world of opportunities to DIY hobbyists Some of the many projects out there include home automation home media centres personal servers HTTP FTP SMTP cloud storage phones time lapse cameras jukeboxes karaoke machines 3D printers drones and robotics CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Arduino Mini The Arduino Mini is a ATmega328 microcontroller based on the ATmega168 It comes with 14 digital I O pins 8 analog Input Pins 32 KB flash memory 2 KB SRAM and a clock speed of 16 MHz Its primary purpose in this project will be to program the ATtiny85 microcontrollers The Arduino Mini could be used for the same purpose as the ATtiny85 s but it turns out that these are much cheaper in comparison Figure 1 3 Arduino Mini Figure 1 4 ATtiny85 ATtiny85 The ATTiny85 is a high performance low power microcontroller It comes with 6 GPIO General Purpose Input Output pins 8KB of memory 512B of SRAM and has a clock speed of 20 MHz This chip is low cost and with low power consumption between 2 7 5 5 volts it can execute powerful commands so it has a great balance of p
18. ower consumption vs performance Excellent to pair up with a transmitter and send bits of info 433MHz RF i For development purposes a 433MHZ RF receiver with 433MHz RF transmitters will be used A pair of a receiver transmitter can be found online relatively cheap 2 3 on eBay J Figure 1 5 433 MHz receiver left and transmitter right CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 4 Tools Arch Linux Arch Linux is a Linux distribution composed mainly of free open source software Its minimalistic approach makes it the perfect Linux to use with the Raspberry Pi due to the constraint in computing resources Since Arch comes bare bones it is up to the user set up the system from the ground up or use a pre built image consequently this makes Arch very flexible in terms of keeping the system light by installing only necessary software LXDE LXDE or Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment is a fast and lightweight desktop environment for mainly Linux systems Because LXDE uses less computer resources than most other desktop environments it is the best suited for the amount of computational power offered by the Raspberry Pi LXDE is so minimal on resources that it can be run on a Pentium II CPU and will take about 45 MB of RAM on i386 machines so a system with only 128 MB of memory can support it Qt4 Qt4 is a cross platform toolkit mainly used for developing applications with graphical user interfaces The cross platform a
19. p not a supervisor role 16 CHAPTER 4 SETUP AND USER MANUAL Chapter 4 Setup And User Manual 4 1 Introduction This is a manual with the instruction on how to set up the alarm system with a Raspberry Pi You will need Technical skills Patience A Raspberry Pi 2 B preferably or Raspberry Pi B B An SD card for your OS Some kind of way of connecting your SD card to a computer An Arduino Uno Mini PiTFT 3 5 Touchscreen for Model B or B Model B works with B and RPi2 An Internet connection The guide will run you through installing the operating system changing some necessary settings connecting to a wifi network grabbing the necessary software compiling and running the project 17 CHAPTER 4 SETUP AND USER MANUAL 4 2 Installing The OS Get Raspbian Raspbian is a Debian based Linux distribution specifically made for the Raspberry Pi Download at http www raspbian org RaspbianImages Flashing image file to SD card For Windows Systems Download Win32 Disk Imager at http sourceforge net projects win32diskimager and flash the image file to the SD card with the provided GUI For Linux Systems Use the dd tool from the command line to flash the image like in this example dd if path to image img of dev sdx bs 1M where if is the image file of is the path to the SD card usually sdb depending on how many other devices have been mounted prior 4 3 Post OS Install Raspbian Settings To Change
20. ping the given project Each iteration means a developer can look at the current stage of the product and plan any changes fixes anything necessary to better the next since development is much easier as it is hard for any coder to envision the product s final stage from the very beginning 11 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND TESTING USER INTERFACE Chapter 3 Design and Testing User Interface 3 1 User Interface Explanation User Interface is a very important aspect of this project An alarm system needs some kind of interface for the user home owner to interact with This system particularly won t use a membrane keypad with some kind of basic LCD display so a decent GUI will be developed to create a good user experience that can be expanded with future updates The goal is to eventually most likely after the deadline due to time constraints a more than just a keypad full blown GUI with settings options which will be of an appropriate proportion for a medium sized touchscreen Why The UI Works The user interface follows an intuitive conceptual model built from the following Visual Affordance For visual affordance the perceived and actual fundamental properties of the objects should determine how they can be used So anything put in the UI should match some kind of object the user is acquainted with which in our case it resembles a typical alarm system Transfer Effects The transfer effects are pretty obvious An alarm system has
21. r The logic is responsible for handling commands from the GUI accepting credentials parsing remote commands and if time allows extra functionalities such as system logging and zones Useful Tools The Qt Creator is a full scale Integrated Development Environment IDE built for designing software written in C and Qt toolkits This IDE provides a set of tools to expedite the development process A built in User Interface UT designer which is very straight forward and provides all of the Qt toolkit widgets that are available for your particular version Qt4 or Qt5 The UI file is incredibly easy to import and get running into C code however the IDE creates this for the user on UI creation Qt Creator supports for creation of compiler profiles Since Qt supports cross compiling if need be a the program could be compiled ahead of time for the Armv6 architecture used by the RPi or any other supported architecture A built in debugger that allows the user to see memory jump in and out of methods and step through code line by line 10 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND MODELING Valgrind integrated into the IDE This is a powerful tool that checks aids the developer to find any misuse of memory memory leaks in C or C code As long as the code is compiled with debug flags Valgrind can do its work and pinpoint the source of memory issues mainwindow ui HelloWorld Qt Creator File Edit Build Debug Analyze Tools Window m
22. role for the alarm A NodeJS relay server will be in charge of handling PubNub messages It is relatively easy to set up due to the simplicity NodeJS brings when handling websockets APIs that use websockets The reason for setting up the PubNub server like this is because there s a library required by the C version of the API which is buggy and notorious for compiling issues setup problems and lack of documentation 9 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND MODELING A local NodeJS server that runs in parallel with the PubNub relay This server will be in charge of allowing a local connection from the Alarm System via TCP and forwarding messages to and from the PubNub relay A portion of the system is in charge of handling the information received by the RF receiver attached to the RPi The heavy work is done by the 433Utils library found online for both RPi and Arduino The handler uses the 433Utils API to constantly read input provided by the RF modules The Graphical User Interface GUI is responsible for handling user input and visual responses The basic GUI will contain a pin pad just like any alarm system would and a status bar showing the current state locked unlocked tripped It will implement the MVC design pattern for code cleanliness and ease of use The system logic is the core of the project and probably the biggest part for several reasons It ties together the graphical user interface remote communications RF handle
23. smitter with ATtiny85 right The Raspberry Pi will supply power to the RPiB GPIO RF receiver via its GPIO 5v and ground pins 5V VCC The communication between these two is done with a single GPIO pin The RF transmitter and Attiny85 will both need some kind of external power source A battery GPIO 27 could be used but for testing purposes an external 5v power supply will be attached to the breadboard Data communications is also done via a single GPIO pin from the microcontroller Figure 2 2 RPi Hardware Connections CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND MODELING ATtiny85 Figure 2 3 RF Transmitter Connections 2 3 Software Design Overview Timeline explained The timeline is split into each major component The system logic and front end GUI are estimated to be the two biggest pieces of the puzzle The extra portion is small useful additions that could be done as long as time allows Any mistiming or delays in development time will result in getting only the basic product completed Time 03 01 03 07 03 08 03 14 03 15 03 21 03 22 03 28 03 29 04 04 04 05 04 11 04 12 04 18 02 22 02 28 Component NodeJS Relay Local Server RF Handler System Logic GUI Extra Figure 2 4 Estimated Timeline of the Project Components The system is broken down into several software components which almost all play an equally important in
24. spect is made so little to no change needs to be done to the code for it to be compiled and ran natively Qt4 contains a full set of GUI widgets as a developer would expect from any of the other well known toolkits such as the ones provided in Visual Studio and Java This is available for commercial and open source licenses Qt Creator A great cross platform IDE to develop C applications that use Qt as a front end GUI It supports the standard features of the better known IDEs and comes packed with many tools that will help expedite the development process Qt Creator supports both the Qt4 and Qt5 toolkits 433Utils The 433Utils is an API designed to assist a developer in the usage of 433 MHz RF transmitters and CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION receivers with Arduino boards and the Raspberry Pi PubNub PubNub is an easy to use realtime communications service There is an API for all the major SDKs and popular systems being used in the present Arduino IDE An open source IDE that facilitates writing code and uploading it to Arduino boards The IDE is written in Java and can run in Windows Mac and Linux systems CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND MODELING Chapter 2 System Integration and Modeling 2 1 System Overview The system setup is relatively easy considering there s only three main components a Raspberry Pi 433 MHz RF receiver and 433 MHz RF transmitter connected to an ATtiny85 The Raspberry Pi is connected to the receiv
25. tion and use and due to the widgets support Cascading Style Sheets CSS which provides the power to create very nice look and feel for GUIs The CSS support adds a lot of flexibility and removes the need to programatically do changes to the visual aspects i e widget aesthetic changes on events formatting the entire program to look uniform program wide fonts The intended use for this UI is for the user to be able to push buttons according to whatever action they want to take They shouldn t need to look at many instructions to get the system up and going After all keeping it simple is usually the better choice As a user I wouldn t want to see cryptic messages or buttons that mean absolutely nothing 13 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND TESTING USER INTERFACE Meas Casse 203 in a i Figure 3 2 The First Iteration of the GUI 3 2 Design Boot NodeJS Pubnub Server Logic of the System The design of the alarm system is meant to be as straight forward as possible The figure 3 3 shows the logical path the system goes through in order to function The NodeJS server contains the Pubnub logic and a TCP server that waits for the alarm system that connects to it locally The next run independently from each other so these are multi threaded The alarm s logic is updated via RF switches tripped via GUI updates ie the user disables the alarm with the pin number or via a remote message pushed When the alarm is triggered
26. way With all the testing made there have been some conclusions pointing towards the production of a new version that takes different angles with some aspects Contents 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction 1 2 Overview 1 3 Hardware 1 4 Tools cR 2 System Integration and Modeling 2 1 System Overview 2 2 Hardware Components 2 3 Software Design Overview 2 4 Agile Methodology 3 Design and Testing User Interface 3 1 User Interface 3 2 Design 3 3 Testing both User Interface and System 3 4 Agile Management 4 Setup And User Manual 4 1 Introduction 4 2 Installing the OS 4 3 Post OS Install 4 4 Setting Up The Alarm System 4 5 Using The Alarm System S Concluding The Project 5 1 Summary And Reasons 5 2 Application To Field 5 3 Alternate Paths Future Development And Final Thoughts vi I 1 LA LA a List of Figures 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 1 3 2 3 4 3 5 4 1 42 43 44 Simple System Diagramme cieli at ne Pu bi eink RN us x De ee Raspberry Pi Model B Ard uimo Mini ss ees ere ee MSN CLA A he ATtiny85 433 MHz receiver a
27. y85 This microcontroller will send via the transmitter a specific code like a unique ID for differentiation purposes when Raspberry Pi Touchscreen WiFi Android Device with Remote Client E J3 viel ATtiny85 433MHz Transmitter Figure 1 1 Simple System Diagram received by the host The wireless communication can be used enabled for internet communication 2 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION between Android devices and the Raspberry Pi Both will handle messages via PubNub For ease of use the only thing needed by the devices is the PubNub application s publisher and subscriber keys consequently the user will not need to handle any network side configurations such as setting a static IP address in the router s DHCP and port forwarding PubNub allows for encrypted messages so security between the devices will not be a problem The Android client will be able to control the alarm system locking unlocking modifying certain settings from anywhere with an active internet connection 1 3 Hardware Raspberry Pi model B The Raspberry Pi is a computer the size of a credit card that was developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation which costs 35 USD It s intention was to promote computer science in schools The RPi model B has a 700 MHz single core processor with ARMv6 architecture with 512 MB RAM It has a low power consumption of 3 5 watts uses SD cards for non volatile memory Its video outputs can be done via RCA
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