PDF document
Contents
1. http www allianceforwaterefficiency org Toilet Retrofit Devices aspx 6 U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Efficient Toilets http www epa gov WaterSense products toilets html 7 Alliance for Water Efficiency Frugal Flushing http www home water works org indoor use toilets 8 U S Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Costs and Federal Funding http water epa gov lawsregs guidance sdwa upload 2009 08 28 sdwa fs 30ann dwsrf web pdf 8 U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Efficient Showerheads http www epa gov WaterSense products showerheads html 9 U S Environmental Protection Agency Green Building Laundry Room amp Basement http www epa gov greenhomes Basement htm 10 Mekonnen M M and Hoekstra A Y 2010 The green blue and grey water footprint of farm animals and animal products Value of Water Research Report Series No 48 UNESCO IHE 11 Hoekstra 2008 The water footprint of food http www waterfootprint org Reports Hoekstra 2008 WaterfootprintFood pdf The following pages are for reference information only and don t need to be discussed at the water session Transition Streets 3 23 OTHER WATER SAVING OPTIONS Rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting is a great way to reduce your overall water use wherever you live in the country Rainwater is ideal for ornamental landscaping as well as edible gardens though it may be questionable fo2. As we saw in the energy section we can t manage something if we can t measure it Because they come so infrequently relying on meter readings from your regular water bill does not give you much information about your water consumption or if it is going up or down as a result of the actions you are taking Also it is difficult to determine if you have a water leak as it will blend in to the baseline water use Read your own water meter regularly Just being more aware of how much water you use can have a positive impact on your household s water wastage It also shows you the actual results and savings from all your efforts with the other actions in this section Your water meter is likely located outside near the curb in front of your home in a concrete box labeled water or with a stamp of your water providers logo In some areas usually in colder climates your water meter may be located inside your home Indoor meters are usually found in the basement Carefully remove the lid or housing for your meter and look out for insects that may be living in the dark box See page 3 6 for advice on reading your meter To check for leaks turn off all taps and water using appliances Then check your meter If the dial is still turning then you likely have a leak Yes but have no idea where my meter is If you can t find your meter then call your local water provider and they will be able to tell you where it is Tr
3. tremendously in how much water they use per wash Older models can use as much as 56 gallons per load where the modern high efficiency models average closer to 14 4 gallons per load For households that do many small loads of laundry there are smaller machines that are even more water efficient When using your washing machine make sure you know about the different cycles many have a half load or eco load option Take a look at the manual which should tell you how much water and energy the different options use If you plan to buy a new one make sure that it s water efficient Washing at a lower temperature doesn t save water but it will save on your water heating costs Many powders and liquids are designed to work at lower temperatures and they work well Yes but have to keep up with the washing or else it becomes a mountain in this house Consider how often you really need to wash your clothes After every wear We often wash things that don t need it out of habit if it doesn t look dirty or smell too bad it may last another day Transition Streets 3 14 WASHING CLOTHES e When replacing your old washing machine make sure to buy a water efficient model See product comparisons at www energystar gov products Also check with your local water provider for information on potential rebates e More expensive models that use less water will generally still save you money in the long run e When using your w
4. 3 Spend less on water TRANSITION Transition Streets The Practica 3 1 SPEND LESS ON WATER action P Water covers about 70 of the Earth s surface however less than 1 of that water is available for human consumption This small fraction must be shared globally for domestic agricultural industrial and environmental needs In the US the average person uses about 99 gallons of water every day 1 and national consumption appears to be growing annually 2 In the last five years nearly every region of the county has experienced water shortages 2 In Fall 2014 the US Pentagon declared that Climate Change was a major threat to US National security as rising temperature and changing precipitation patterns present a risk to food and water security If we do not take action now climate change population growth and wasteful behavior will mean facing increased water stress in the future The good news is that through awareness of how we use water we can make decisions about how to conserve this precious resource and in doing so create more resilient and sustainable communities In the US approximately 60 of domestic water is used outdoors and the other 40 inside of our homes The key to efficiency is reducing waste not necessarily restricting your use You can easily Indoor Household Water Use leaks 13 7 Other 2 3 reduce waste by making 3 small behavioral changes Dishwasher 1 4 Toilet 26 8 and by
5. and small raised beds e Giving your plants roots a good soaking once or twice a week in dry weather is much better than lightly watering them every day Water should be directed underneath the foliage There should be enough to wet the top few inches of soil where most plants roots are e Don t over water there is no need for hanging baskets and containers to drip after watering Many plants can still do well when watered little but daily Over watering may also weaken plants e Sprinklers can use as much as 260 gallons of water per hour If you really must use it early in the morning or late in the evening e Mulching soil around your plants will not only keep away water loving weeds but will also keep the soil cool and decrease evaporation e Invest ina rain barrel Every 1 000 square feet of roof area collects about 600 gallons of water for every inch of rainfall This free source of water can be used during dry periods between storms and can significantly reduce your use of fresh potable water e Grey water systems are a great way to reuse sink and shower water to irrigate your landscape instead of using fresh drinking water see section 3 24 for more info When using grey water be cautious that you do not treat grey water as an excuse to be lax with indoor water use e Rather than washing your car with a running hose try using a bucket and sponge instead ideally fill the bucket from the rain barrel e For more i
6. ansition Streets 3 4 KNOW HOW MUCH YOU ARE USING Sample water meter readings log Water Meter Reading cu ft n a 1 08 2015 20 130 1 15 2015 20 221 oOo a 1 22 2015 20 307 86 Next steps hints amp tips e Complete the usage calculator on page 3 22 to estimate your average daily consumption Compare it to the national average of 99 gallons 13 2 cubic feet per person per day e Check your meter at least monthly particularly if your meter is located outside your property You pay for all water that flows through the meter even leaks e If you re making changes to reduce water use try reading your meter weekly for a while and see what difference it s making Use the sample water meter readings log provided above e Keep the log visible stick it on the fridge so everyone in the household can see it You may consider rewarding everyone for their efforts by sharing some of the savings e lf there is more than one meter outside your house find the meter with the number that listed on your water bill Notes Transition Streets 3 5 ADVICE ON READING YOUR METER There are two common types of water meters the straight reading meter which resembles the mileage indicator in an automobile soeedometer see Figure 1 and the round reading meter which has several separate dials see Figure 2 In Figure 1 the reading is taken from the figures shown under the words cubic feet The meter reads 008171 which is
7. ap wastes over 1 7 gallons per minute l8 Dripping taps are not just annoying they can add up to staggering water losses if left untreated as you can see in the table below Dripping taps often just need a new washer which only cost a few cents Leaky pipes are also just dripping away your money inside or out 1 drop per second 1 300 2 60 Drops breaking to a stream 8 200 16 40 Cost estimates based on approximate national average of 2 1 000 gallons Check regularly for drips and leaks To fix a dripping tap first of all try changing the washer Also make sure your water pipes and external taps are insulated in time for the cold winter months Burst water pipes can cause serious damage as well as waste a lot of water In addition to fixing your leaks consider old faucets with a WaterSense faucet or accessory These devices reduce water flow rates by 30 from a standard faucet while maintaining water pressure Yes but changed the washer and it s still dripping A dripping tap usually means that the tap washer needs renewing but it can also be caused by a damaged valve seating If the drip is from a mixer nozzle then change both tap washers Transition Streets vactical 3 10 TAPS DRIPS amp LEAKS n Plan You can save an additional 3 000 gallons of water a year if you turn off the tap while you brush your teeth assuming you do this for 2 minutes twice a day You can improve on Search for a Yo
8. ashing machine make sure to use a full load every time Surveys have shown that a typical load of laundry is usually much less than the maximum capacity of the model e If you really need to do a wash but don t have a full load use the half load feature However some half loads will use almost as much water as a full load so two half loads will use more water and energy than one full load e If you re purchasing a new machine choose a model with a capacity that is appropriate for your situation If you live alone consider a smaller apartment sized model e Familiarize yourself with your washing machine s cycle options Some settings provide the same cleaning power but with less water and energy Check your user manual or contact the manufacturer e Avoid pre washing Most modern washing machines and washing powders are so effective that you don t have to pre rinse e Use the High Efficiency HE detergents with the modern front loading machines They are specifically designed to keep dirt and grime suspended in lower volumes of water e For a great explanation about different machine types visit htto www allianceforwaterefficiency org Residential Clothes Washer Intro duction aspx Notes Transition Streets 3 15 THE KITCHEN SINK The kitchen tap and dishwasher account for about 16 of water used in the home so there s a huge opportunity here to reduce water wastage P Kitchen taps vary tremendously in
9. at grey water including plumbing codes system designs and best maintenance practices Transition Streets 3 24 REDUCING YOUR WATER FOOTPRINT The World Wildlife Fund WWF and other experts believe that it s essential to break the link between economic growth and higher water usage They suggest that agricultural practices like rainwater harvesting for irrigation are one way We could also cut consumption patterns that require ever more water e g buy less water heavy goods often grown miles away from us in countries that have water shortages like cotton from Pakistan See the table below for some hidden water costs in our food 14J Average Water Use in oe Gallons Pound Apple or pear 83 Banana 102 Beef 1 832 Cabbage 24 Cheese 591 Chicken 461 Coffee 17 Cucumber or pumpkin 28 Dates 355 Groundnuts in shell 366 Lettuce 15 Maize 106 Mango 189 Olives 520 Orange 54 Peach or nectarine 142 Pork 567 Potato 30 Rice 402 Sugar from sugar cane 4 Tomato 14 Values calculated from Hoekstra 2008 Controversially as water becomes scarcer some countries may have to give up growing certain crops and rearing animals When the water needed to grow crops has to be pumped hundreds of metres from below the true cost of food on supermarket shelves becomes clearer wrote journalist John Vidal The Guardian 29 09 06 For more info visit http www waterfootprint org page files Animal products
10. choosing more Bath 1 7 Y water efficient appliances Saving water will not only help reduce environmental impacts if you are ona water meter it will also save you money on your water Shower 16 7 a nd power bi Is Source Awwa Research Foundation 1999 Percent breakdown of indoor water use Faucet 15 7 Clothes Washer 21 7 Each of these actions can significantly reduce the amount of water that your household uses Even if you are not on a meter it is important to conserve this most precious resource and to consider the related carbon emissions that come from the transport treatment and heating of all the water that we use Some of these actions will cost you nothing and some will cost you a little money but this can be offset by the reduction in your water and power bills In your group have a brief chat about the items and then decide which ones you want to tackle and when Record your own action plan on the page at the end of this section Know how much you are using 3 3 e Feeling flushed 3 6 e Taps drips amp leaks 3 9 e Showers amp baths 3 11 e Washing clothes 3 13 e The kitchen sink 3 15 e Outdoors 3 17 The actions listed above are the basic but most cost effective things you can do in your home At the end of the section are several other actions that you may wish to consider once you ve done the basics Notes Transition Streets is 3 KNOW HOW MUCH YOU ARE USING
11. ectric showers or low pressure gravity shower systems e Buy an aerated showerhead which adds air pressure to the flow These too may not suitable for some electric or low pressure gravity systems e Geta shower timer to help limit your and your teenager s time Some can tell you how much water you are using and alerts you when you ve had the max recommended amount e These products are generally available online through sites such as www biggreensmile com e Take a cooler shower which also helps you to avoid temporary varicose veins You ll tend to get out of there quicker too e Save the cold water that runs while waiting for the hot keep a bucket or watering can handy then water the plants or use it to flush the toilet once you re finished e If you do have a bath you can siphon out your bath water and use it to water your garden or flush your toilet e For more info call your local water provider or visit http www epa gov WaterSense products showerheads html Notes Transition Streets 13 WASHING CLOTHES The average water consumption of washing machines is about 31 45 gallons per wash although modern machines use less than older models it s still quite a bit of water Washing clothes accounts for about 22 of the water that we use in our homes so by reducing wastage in this area we can make significant water savings the average family does almost 400 loads a year 34 91 Washing machines vary
12. er scarcity Photos above from flickr Sprinkler by Robert Couse Baker and rain barrel by Metropolitan Planning Council Licensed under Creative Commons https creativecommons org licenses by 2 0 When planning your landscaping consider using native or horticultural varieties of native plants These plants are typically better suited for the local weather patterns and provide excellent micro habitat for native insect and bird species By using water efficient gardening practices like drip irrigation mulching and soil moisture sensors you can still have a beautiful living garden even in times of extreme drought Try to avoid using tap water to water the garden Instead collect rainwater in a rain barrel rainwater is also better for your plants and or consider reusing water or grey water on the garden See reference section at end for more info on grey water and on rainwater harvesting systems Yes but can t use my old bath water for the garden due to the bath soap Biodegradable soaps are now widely available These soaps use compounds that easily break down over time in the soil Transition Streets 3 18 OUTDOORS Your hose uses as much as 23 gallons of water per minute 4 Placing a nozzle on your hose can reduce the water output to under gallon a minute by cutting the waste between watering areas and allowing you to use water where and when you really need it e Use a watering can for watering potted plants
13. flow volume and behaviors such as how much you twist the tap and for how long you leave it turned on influence how much water is used when you wash up Photo via flickr by Steve Johnson Licensed under Creative Commons https creativecommons org licenses by 2 0 legalcode Washing up or rinsing dishes under a running tap can use dozens of gallons of water but if you use a washing up bowl or plug your sink you can dramatically reduce water wastage A common misconception is that dishwashers use more water In fact these machines can be water savers if used wisely In the 1980s dishwashers used as much as 14 gallons per cycle but modern models can use as little as 4 gallons sometimes even less than washing up by hand 4 If you are thinking about buying a new dishwasher you can refer to the rankings on www energystar gov products for guidance on which models are the most water efficient Yes but sometimes I have to wait for ages for hot water to arrive at the tap which wastes lots of cold water down the sink Collect all the waste cold water in a watering can that you leave by the sink then use it on the garden or your houseplants Transition Streets 3 16 THE KITCHEN SINK Next steps hints amp tips e Consider installing a more water efficient tap or a tap aerator Aerators in particular are cheap and simple quick fixes that you can do yourself e When washing up by hand either use a washing up bowl or pl
14. labeled your local waste water provider e Many water providers will offer saving you money in the long run free water displacement devices for their customers e Make your own from a large plastic bottle filled with water or filled with sand and seal it well e Flush less often if it s yellow let it mellow if it s brown flush it down This can drastically reduce usage Put trash in a trash can e Check that the water level in your not the toilet tank is set correctly to the mark which will be about 25mm below the overflow If it is just below the overflow it will be flushing about one litre more than the designed amount Notes e For more info visit www epa gov watersense prod uct s toilets or call your local water provider Transition Streets 3 8 FEELING FLUSHED Water Consumption 1950s 1980s Single 7 0 5 0 gallons 1980 1994 Single 3 5 4 5 gallons 1994 present standard Single 1 6 gallons 1994 present high efficiency Single 1 3 gallons Present Dual 1 1 gallon on average Note All toilets are stamped with a date which will be more helpful than trying to figure out your toilet s age based on the photo More information is available from the Alliance for Water Efficiency 7 Transition Streets 3 9 TAPS DRIPS amp LEAKS Often our water bill is higher than it needs to be and we re not even using all of the water we re paying for For example a running t
15. llons and beef about 1 800 gallons 14 If present levels of consumption continue two thirds of the global population will live in areas of water stress by 2025 Over the last decade extreme weather events such as heat waves floods and droughts occurring at greater frequencies Though many parts of our country are as lush and rainy those regions are not immune from water scarcity problems We too can run out of water e What do you think is an acceptable level of water consumption gallons per person per day e Besides water efficiency what else can we do to reduce our overall water consumption e Do you feel you have enough information to make informed choices about the water impacts of what you buy from t shirts to hamburgers See section 3 26 for more e Should the government insist that all households are metered to help ensure we take water efficiency more seriously Notes Transition Streets 3 21 QUICK USAGE ESTIMATER Activity Times Per Day Weekly Estimated Total Amount of Water Used fin gallons Tues Thur Sun Mon Fr Pa Toilet Flushing Short Shower 5 10 minutes og Long Shower maS gt 10 minutes a Cc T Bu gy rr T aS o M Brushing Teeth running water Brushing Teeth water turned a Shaving Washing Dishes running water 30 Washing Dishes Filling a basin PJ hh in Running a Dishwasher 10 20 Washing 5 Clothes Wate
16. nformation on Rainwater Harvesting and drought resilient landscaping see Brad Lancaster s series at www harvestingrainwater com e For more information on plants that are native to your area check out your local Native Plant Society Transition Streets 3 19 YOUR WATER ACTION PLAN Possible actions JJ S e Know how much you are using showers amp Baths 3 11 3 3 e Washing clothes 3 13 Feeling flushed 3 6 Q a L a E e The kitchen sink 3 15 amp e Taps drips amp leaks 3 9 r Outdoors 3 17 What other ideas does your team have that aren t covered above Add them below if you think they are relevant for you My actions Already When PII done do this How can you help each other out in your team List team actions here with named person and due date O x O 2 Transition Streets 3 20 WATER THE BIGGER PICTURE DISCUSSION Each American uses about 99 gallons of tap water a day but if you include the amount of water embedded within products our water consumption is actually around 2 000 gallons every day About 20 percent of the embedded water that we consume comes from other nations as we import goods and services into our country 13 About two thirds of the water that we consume is embedded in our food For example a pound of tomatoes have about 14 gallons of water embedded in them apples about 83 gallons tofu about 240 gallons pork about 570 ga
17. oilet dam or aan early closing toilet flapper These devices reduce the amount of water used per flush by displacing space in the water chamber above the toilet or reducing the amount of water released by closing the plunger faster than a traditional buoyant flapper Note that these devices are only suitable for 3 5 gpf toilets and above Performance can vary between toilet types If it does not work or you want more advice contact your local water provider Yes but Our toilet doesn t flush well anyway won t this make it even worse Don t use a water reduction device on tanks of 3 5 or less Try a smaller device if you need to flush twice Remove it altogether if even the smallest one causes a problem the idea is to reduce flushing not increase it Transition Streets 3 7 FEELING FLUSHED By replacing old inefficient toilets e Many water providers offer rebates the average family can reduce water for upgrading to more efficient used by toilets by 20 60 equating to toilet models 13 000 gallons per home every year e Use the table on the next page to The savings on water use can also identify what type of toilet you save more than 110 pear year 6 have and what type of water displacement device you should Avoiding using your toilet as a waste probably be using All toilets have basket will also save money and help a date stamp and most should have reduce the maintenance costs for the gallons per flush
18. r use with root vegetables When managed properly rainwater harvesting can also help reduce urban runoff from your property Designs range from sophisticated systems with large underground tanks with pumps storing thousands of gallons to smaller scale DIY systems that simply gravity feed rainwater from large wall mounted barrels through the outside wall to a toilet tank The garden rain barrel is the simplest way of collecting rainwater It does not need any treatment or mains backup and it does not have to supply water when temperatures are below freezing Be sure you check your local plumbing code before installing a system as many states prohibit capturing runoff at home The website www harvestingrainwater com has links to helpful information online and some of the best literature on rainwater harvesting and other ways to make your outdoor environment more drought tolerant Greywater reuse systems Grey water refers to all household wastewater other than wastewater from the toilet blackwater Grey water from baths showers and laundry is less contaminated than that from the kitchen The most basic systems simply divert cooled and untreated water to irrigate the garden More advanced systems treat water for re use in toilets It is important that all grey water systems be free of bleach dyes salts cleansers or shampoos and soaps containing non biodegradable compounds The website greywateraction org offers a comprehensive look
19. ring Lawn 300 rt Washing Car og Total Weekly Water Use gallons Average Daily Water Use gallons 77 average Individual Daily Water Use fgallans f by number of people living at home You and your group can use this quick and easy water use estimator to give you an idea about how much water your house uses every week More thorough calculators are also available online Wecalc org offers a very in depth evaluation of your households water use based on behavior appliances used in your home and the age of your homes appliance The final screen lets you know not only how much water you use but provides targeted recommendations and estimates your carbon foot print from the water you consume Transition Streets 3 22 REFERENCE INFO 1 USGS Domestic water withdrawals and deliveries 2005 http water usgs gov edu wateruse pdf wudomestic 2005 pdf 2 U S Environmental Protection Agency WaterSense 2008 http www epa gov WaterSense pubs supply htm 3 Aquacraft Residential End Uses of Water 1999 http listserver energy ca gov appliances 2013rulemaking documents responses Water Appliances 12 AAER 2C California IOU Response to CEC Invitation to Participate Toilets and Urinals REFERENCES Aquacraft 1999 Residential End Uses of Water Study pdf 4 WECalc 2014 http wecalc org WECalc data and assumptions pdf 5 Alliance for Water Efficiency Toilet Retrofit Devices Introduction
20. the total number of cubic feet of water recorded since the meter was installed The large hand is used only for testing purposes and leak detection Newer meters also have a small triangle that is usually red or blue that spin when water is used They are sensitive and can even detect small water drops that are leaking The round meter has several small dials in a circle and is a little more difficult to read The dials are marked off in ten divisions and are read much like a clock except that the hand on every other dial turns counterclockwise In figure 2 to check the readings start with the 100 000 dial and the readings are 8 O 6 3 and 2 or 80 632 cubic feet Please call your local water utility if you have any difficulties in reading the figures on your meter Note If you live in an older property you may have a different type of meter CUBIC FEET 0l0 8 1 Fai TP 2701 4 y Figure 1 Transition Streets a 6 FEELING FLUSHED About a quarter of all the clean drinkable expensive water we use in our homes is flushed down a toilet An old style pre 1980s single flush toilet can use up to 7 gallons of water in one flush New more water efficient Watersense labeled toilets use as little as 1 3 gallons per flush 4 New dual flush toilets use on average as little as 1 1 gallons per flush If your toilet was made before 1992 consider installing a water displacement device such as a t
21. uTube video called e Some water providers distribute free faucet aerators to their customers these savings by doing the same Collins DIY Survival Demos How when you wash the veggies or rinse to Fix a Dripping Tap the dishes e See your local hardware store They often offer written guides or will give you specific advice e If you re not into DIY contact a local plumber or handyman to do it for you e Check your pipes regularly for visible leaks also see section 3 4 e Use dye tabs to check if your toilet has a leak Replacement flappers are often under S5 e Use the leftover water from your night time drinks to water houseplants e Call your local water provider to ask about free leak detection kits and water reduction devices e For more info visit Www epa gov watersens prducts b athroom sink faucets Transition Streets ay s 3 11 SHOWERS amp BATHS Action P CO2 d low medium Baths and showers make up over 16 of the average American s water use and represent one of the most opportune areas for indoor water conservation Baths typically use 45 gallons of water whereas an ordinary shower uses about a half of that amount Over a year if you take 4 baths a week this equates to an extra 20 worth of water plus all the costs of heating the water 4 Using showers most of the time with the occasional bath will give significant savings The average American spends 8 2 minutes in the sho
22. ug your sink Then you can use what s left over to water your houseplants e Try to avoid thawing frozen foods under running water e Keep a jug of water in the fridge so that you don t have to run the tap for ages while waiting for cold water to flow e Consider composing your food waste instead of using your garbage disposal unit in your sink they require lots of water to operate properly e When using your dishwasher make sure to use a full load every time Two half loads still use more water and energy than one full load e Become familiar with your dishwasher s cycle options for lower temperature duration cycles Check your user manual or contact the manufacturer e Most modern dishwashers are so effective that you don t ever have to pre rinse e Use the minimum amount of water required when you boil water in Saucepans and kettles you ll save energy as well as water e For more info visit www energystar gov products or htto www allianceforwaterefficiency or Transition Streets 3 17 OUTDOORS S Savings med CO2 saved low Cost low med high medium Outdoor water use accounts for around 60 percent of the total water use but this number varies drastically across the country P Many of us still use water that has been treated to drinking quality to irrigate thirsty lawns and gardens Improving our outdoor water use efficiency is one of the best ways we can improve our resiliency to times of drought and wat
23. wer and this average is increasing Multi head showers are very popular and can easily use more water than a bath While invigorating they can more than double the water use of your shower using more than the average person living in the developing world gets through in a day Hansgrohe Many modern showerheads are designed to reduce the water flow rate but maintain good pressure By replacing your showerhead with a more water efficient model it is possible to reduce your water consumption by more than half while still enjoying a great shower 4 A shower timer shows how much time you have spent in the shower and can help you save water Yes but really do need to shower every day Don t take fewer showers reduce the volume of water used and the time you spend in the shower You can still have a great shower experience save money on water and energy preserve a valuable resource and reduce your carbon emissions Transition Streets 3 12 SHOWERS amp BATHS Replacing an old showerhead with a low flow showerhead could save an average household approximately 32 gallons of water every day and 70 per year off your water and energy bills In fact the average family could same more than 370 kilowatt hours of electricity annually enough to power a house for 13 days e Buy a low flow showerhead which can limit the water flow to as little as 1 3 gallons a minute Note these are not suitable for el
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search