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1. To query the value of a single property use the get subcommand like this VBoxManage guestproperty get Windows Vista III VirtualBox GuestInfo OS Product VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3 1 0 C 2005 2009 Sun Microsystems Inc All rights reserved Value Windows Vista Business Edition For more complex needs you can use the VirtualBox programming interfaces see chapter 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces page 150 75 5 Virtual storage As the virtual machine will most probably expect to see a hard disk built into its virtual computer VirtualBox must be able to present real storage to the guest as a virtual hard disk There are presently three methods in which to achieve this 1 Most commonly VirtualBox will use large image files on a real hard disk and present them to a guest as a virtual hard disk This is described in chapter 5 2 Disk image files VDI VMDK VHD page 78 2 Alternatively if you have iSCSI storage servers you can attach such a server to VirtualBox as well this is described in chapter 5 7 iSCSI servers page 83 3 Finally as an experimental feature you can allow a virtual machine to access one of your host disks directly this advanced feature is described in chapter 9 11 Using a raw host hard disk from a guest page 141 Each such virtual storage device image file iSCSI target or physical hard disk will need to be connecte
2. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin St Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license docu ment but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too 237 14 Third party licenses When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain
3. 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WAR RANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EX CEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU AS SUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 241 14 Third party licenses 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LI ABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
4. VBoxManage added command to clone a VDI file to another one having a dif ferent UUID Additions added Linux Additions timesync mouse pointer integration and graphics driver Additions added Shared Folders for Windows guests except NT Linux module fixed compilation problem on SUSE 10 system Linux installer added custom shell script installer 12 39 Version 1 1 2 2006 02 03 Note Guest Additions have to be updated The installation method has changed BIOS fixed CMOS checksum calculation to avoid guest warnings BIOS improved APM support to avoid guest warnings IDE Linux 2 6 14 and OpenBSD now operate the controller in UDMA mode by default VMM fixed hang when rebooting Windows 2000 guests with enabled audio adapter 224 12 Change log VMM fixed random user mode crashes with OpenBSD guests VMM increased timing accuracy PIT RTC reduced PIT query overhead VMM tamed execution thread to make GUI more responsive esp when execut ing real mode guest code such as bootloaders VMM significant performance enhancements for OpenBSD guests VMM several performance enhancements VMM improved memory layout on Windows hosts to allow for large amounts of guest RAM VMM significantly improved VM execution state saving and restoring at the expense of state file sizes ACPI fixed Windows bluescreen when assigning more than 512MB RAM to a guest ACPI correctly report battery state when multiple batteries
5. interface is created on the host And whereas with internal networking the traffic between the virtual machines cannot be seen the traffic on the loopback interface on the host can be intercepted Host only networking is particularly useful for preconfigured virtual appliances where multiple virtual machines are shipped together and designed to cooperate For example one virtual machine may contain a web server and a second one a database and since they are intended to talk to each other the appliance can instruct VirtualBox to set up a host only network for the two A second bridged network would then connect the web server to the outside world to serve data to but the outside world cannot connect to the database To change a virtual machine s virtual network interface to host only mode e either go to the Network page in the virtual machine s settings notebook in the graphical user interface and select Host only networking or e on the command line type VBoxManage modifyvm VM name gt nic lt x gt hostonly see chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 for details For host only networking like with internal networking you may find the DHCP server useful that is built into VirtualBox This can be enabled to then manage the IP addresses in the host only network since otherwise you would need to configure all IP addresses statically e In the VirtualBox graphical user interface you can configure a
6. Sun VirtualBox User Manual Version 3 1 0 BETA c 2004 2009 Sun Microsystems Inc http www virtualbox org Contents 1 First steps 9 1 1 What is virtualization anyway 1 ereen esenee ee ee 9 LAL USECASER Doo cn Pe EO m xe 0906 ow oos 10 1 1 2 Some terminology scons see seke nss k ES OU s 11 1 2 Features OVeEDVEEW 3 olx o6 6o e ee xs a 12 13 Supported host operating systems lese 14 1 4 Installing and starting VirtualBox o o 15 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine 22 ss 4000485 17 16 Running your virtual machine oo o 20 1 6 1 Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines 21 1 6 2 Changing removable media o o 23 1 6 3 Saving the state of the machine 24 17 Emapstol cosas e e GAS 25 1 8 Virtual machine configuration lt c es e ec eeen e 27 l9 Deleting virtual machines lt ss es aioa eeo 9 erro ERR 28 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines 29 Installation details 32 2 1 Installing on Windows hosts 0 0 00 en ee RR E iwr 32 2 1 1 Prerequisites gt e 2 259529 Ee a 32 2 1 2 Performing the installation cen 32 2 1 2 Umninstallario lt ses 2 262 2 bm RR 9 Bs 33 2 1 4 Unattended installation o o 33 2 2 Installing on Mac OS X hosts o o o o e 33 2 21 Performing the installation o conce a 33 2 2 2 lUn
7. To activate the VirtualBox GINA or credential provider module install the Guest Additions with the appropriate option selected in the installation dialog or using the command line switch with autologon To manually install the GINA module extract the Guest Additions see chapter 4 3 4 Manual file extraction page 64 and copy the file VBoxGINA dll to the Windows SYSTEM32 directory Then in the registry create the following key HKEY LOCAL MACHINENSOFTWAREMMicrosoftNWindows NT CurrentVersion Winlogon GinaDLL 133 9 Advanced topics with a value of VBoxGINA dll Note The VirtualBox GINA is implemented as a wrapper around the standard Windows GINA MSGINA DLL so it will most likely not work correctly with 3rd party GINA modules To set credentials use the following command on a running VM VBoxManage controlvm Windows XP setcredentials John Doe secretpassword DOMTEST While the VM is running the credentials can be queried by the VirtualBox logon modules GINA or credential provider using the VirtualBox Guest Additions device driver When Windows is in logged out mode the logon modules will constantly poll for credentials and if they are present a logon will be attempted After retrieving the credentials the logon modules will erase them so that the above command will have to be repeated for subsequent logons For security reasons credentials are not stored in any persistent manner and will be lost
8. When using the X org VESA driver custom modelines have to be calculated and added to the configuration usually in etc X11 xorg conf A handy tool to determine modeline entries can be found at http www tkk fi Misc Electronics faq vga2rgb calc html 138 9 Advanced topics 9 6 Custom VESA resolutions Apart from the standard VESA resolutions the VirtualBox VESA BIOS allows you to add up to 16 custom video modes which will be reported to the guest operating system When using Windows guests with the VirtualBox Guest Additions a custom graphics driver will be used instead of the fallback VESA solution so this information does not apply Additional video modes can be configured for each VM using the extra data facility The extra data key is called CustomVideoMode lt x gt with x being a number from 1 to 16 Please note that modes will be read from 1 until either the following number is not defined or 16 is reached The following example adds a video mode that corresponds to the native display resolution of many notebook computers VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME CustomVideoModel 1400x1050x16 The VESA mode IDs for custom video modes start at 0x160 In order to use the above defined custom video mode the following command line has be supplied to Linux x200 0x160 64 vga 0 vga 8 For guest operating systems with VirtualBox Guest Additions a custom video mode can be set using the video mode hint feature 9 7 Mul
9. a under intellectual property rights other than patent or trademark Licensable by Contributor to use reproduce modify display perform sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such Contributor or portions thereof either on an un modified basis with other Modifications as Covered Code and or as part of a Larger Work and b under Patent Claims infringed by the making using or selling of Modifications made by that Contributor either alone and or in combination with its Contributor Version or portions of such combination to make use sell offer for sale have made and or otherwise dispose of 1 Modifications made by that Contributor or portions thereof and 2 the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with its Contributor Version or portions of such combination c the licenses granted in Sections 2 2 a and 2 2 b are effective on the date Con tributor first makes Commercial Use of the Covered Code d Notwithstanding Section 2 2 b above no patent license is granted 1 for any code that Contributor has deleted from the Contributor Version 2 separate from the Contributor Version 3 for infringements caused by i third party modifications of Contributor Version or ii the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with other software except as part of the Contributor Version or other devices or 4 under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Code in the absence of Modifications ma
10. hostonly if name is the same host only interface name you used with VBoxManage modifyvm vmname hostonlyadapter X hostonly if name Alternatively you can also use the netname option as with internal net works if you know the host only network s name you can see the names with VBoxManage list hostonlyifs see chapter 8 1 VBoxManage list page 108 above The following additional parameters are required when first adding a DHCP server e With ip specify the IP address of the DHCP server itself e With netmask specify the netmask of the network e With lowerip and upperip you can specify the lowest and highest IP address respectively that the DHCP server will hand out to clients Finally you must specify enable or the the DHCP server will be created in the disabled state doing nothing After this VirtualBox will automatically start the DHCP server for given internal or host only network as soon as the first virtual machine which uses that network is started Reversely use VBoxManage dhcpserver remove with the given netname network name or ifname hostonly if name to remove the DHCP server again for the given internal or host only network To modify the settings of a DHCP server created earlier with VBoxManage dhcpserver add you can use VBoxManage dhcpserver modify for a given network or host only interface name 131 9 Advanced topics 9 1 VirtualBox configuration data For each sys
11. Asa consequence read write access is only required for the affected partitions not for the entire disk During creation however read only access to the entire disk is required to obtain the partitioning information In some configurations it may be necessary to change the MBR code of the created image e g to replace the Linux boot loader that is used on the host by another boot loader This allows e g the guest to boot directly to Windows while the host boots Linux from the same disk For this purpose the mbr parameter is provided It specifies a file name from which to take the MBR code The partition table is not modified at all so a MBR file from a system with totally different partitioning can be used An example of this is VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk filename path to file vmdk rawdisk dev sda partitions 1 5 mbr winxp mbr The modified MBR will be stored inside the image not on the host disk For each of the above variants you can register the resulting image for immediate use in VirtualBox by adding register to the respective command line The image will then immediately appear in the list of registered disk images An example is VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk filename path to file vmdk rawdisk dev sda partitions 1 5 relative register which creates an image referring to individual partitions and registers it when the image is successfully created 9 12 Allowing a virtual machine to
12. GUI fixed screen update when switching to fullscreen mode GUI the size of the VM window was sometimes resetted to 640x480 GUI added localizations GUI fixed size report of ISO images greater than 4GB GUI various minor improvements VBoxManage added convertdd command API automatically start and terminate VBoxSVC on Linux and OS X hosts VMM increased startup performance due to lazy memory allocation VMM significantly increased maximum guest memory size VMM fixed issues with V86 mode VMM support V86 extensions VME VMM support guests with a full GDT VMM fixed boot hangs for some Linux kernels 213 12 Change log VMM improved FreeBSD and OpenBSD support VMM improved performance of guests that aggressively patch kernel code very recent Linux 2 6 kernels VMM added workaround for a design flaw in AMD AM2 CPUs where the times tamp counter shows large differences among CPU cores VMM fixed Linux guests with grsecurity VMM fixed issue on 2G 2G Linux kernels even 1G 3G kernels should work VMM fixed Linux detection of Local APIC on non Intel and non AMD CPUs VMM timing improvements with high host system loads VM starvation VMM experimental AMD SVM hardware virtualization support now also handles real and protected mode without paging VMM added system time offset parameter to allow for VMs to run in the past or future VMM provide an MPS 1 4 table if the IOAPIC is enabled VRDP allow binding the VRDP ser
13. My VM VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSFirmwareMajor 3 VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSFirmwareMinor 4 If a DMI string is not set the default value of VirtualBox is used To set an empty string use lt EMPTY gt Changing this information can be necessary to provide the DMI information of the host to the guest to prevent Windows from asking for a new product key On Linux hosts the DMI BIOS information can be obtained with dmidecode t0 and the DMI system information can be obtained with dmidecode t1 9 16 Configuring the guest time stamp counter TSC to reflect guest execution By default VirtualBox keeps all sources of time visible to the guest synchronized to a single time source the monotonic host time This reflects the assumptions of many guest operating systems which expect all time sources to reflect wall clock time In special circumstances it may be useful however to make the TSC time stamp counter in the guest reflect the time actually spent executing the guest This special TSC handling mode can be enabled on a per VM basis and for best results must be used only in combination with hardware virtualization To enable this mode use the following command VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal TM TSCTiedToExecution 1 To revert to the default TSC handling mode use VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal TM TSCTiedToExecuti
14. VDI VMDK VHD page 78 and 2 a textual description file in an XML dialect with an ovf extension These files must reside in the same directory for VirtualBox to be able to import them A future version of VirtualBox will also support packages that include the OVF XML file and the disk images packed together in a single archive To import an appliance in OVF format select File gt Import appliance from the main window of the VirtualBox graphical user interface Then open the file dialog and navigate to the OVF text file with the ovf file extension If VirtualBox can handle the file a dialog similar to the following will appear 29 1 First steps se COREN por Mitra m Appliance Import Settings These are the Virtual Machines as described in the Appliance VirtualBox has done some initial mapping of the various values You can change most of the shown properties by double clicking on the items To disable some of them use the check box near the values Description Configuration d Name Windows XP Professional d Guest OS Type BB Windows XP 3 cpu 1 T ram 956 MB E Floppy e 49 USB Controller jp Sound Card ICH AC97 22 Network Adapter PCnet FAST Ill Am79C973 v Hard Disk Controller IDE PIIX4 8 virtual Disk Image mnt innotek unix vdis winxp disk2 vmdk 8 Virtual Disk Image mnt innotek unix vdis winxp disk1_1 vmdk gt Hard Disk Controller IDE PIIX4 Y Hard Disk Controller
15. VirtualBox provides as a floppy disk and as a CD DVD ROM drive to your VM s guest operating system For both the floppy and CD DVD ROM categories if the Mount checkbox is unchecked VirtualBox will report to the guest that no media is in the drive Oth erwise if the Mount checkbox is set the following options are available e Host drive The physical device of the host computer is connected to the VM so that the guest operating system can read from and write to your physical device This is for instance useful if you want to install Windows from a real installation CD In this case select your host drive from the drop down list presented Image file Quite similar to virtual hard disks this presents a file on your host as a device to the guest operating system To use an image file you must first import it into the Virtual Disk Manager see chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 The image file format varies depending on the type of device For floppies the file must be in raw format For CD and DVD ROMs the file must be in ISO format Most commonly you will select this option when installing an operating system from an ISO file that you have obtained from the Internet For example most Linux distributions are available in this way All these settings can be changed while the guest is running Since the Settings di alog is not available at that time you can also access these settings from the De
16. can attach to a virtual machine s IDE controller So even if your guest operating system has no support for SCSI or SATA devices it should always be able to see the default IDE controller that is enabled by default Of the four slots attached to it one is normally used when you create a virtual machine with the New Virtual Machine wizard of the graphical user interface SCSI is another established industry standard standing for Small Computer System Interface This was established as early as 1986 as a generic interface for data transfer between all kinds of devices including storage devices Today SCSI is still used for connecting hard disks and tape devices but it has mostly been displaced in commodity hardware It is still in common use in high performance workstations and servers Primarily for compatibility with other virtualization software VirtualBox option ally supports LsiLogic and BusLogic SCSI controllers to which up to 16 virtual hard disks can be attached To enable the SCSI controller on the Hard Disks page of a virtual machine s settings dialog check the Enable Additional Controller box and select one of the two SCSI modes from the list below After this the additional controller will appear as a separate PCI device in the virtual machine Warning There are limitations with the default SCSI drivers shipped with some operating systems the standard Windows XP driver for the LsiLogic cont
17. dedicated an entire chapter of this manual to discussing networking configuration please see chapter 6 Virtual networking page 85 54 3 Configuring virtual machines 3 10 Serial ports VirtualBox fully supports virtual serial ports in a virtual machine in an easy to use manner Ever since the original IBM PC personal computers have been equipped with one or two serial ports also called COM ports by DOS and Windows While these are no longer as important as they were until a few years ago especially since mice are no longer connected to serial ports these days there are still some important uses left for them For example serial ports can be used to set up a primitive network over a null modem cable in case Ethernet is not available Also serial ports are indispensable for system programmers needing to do kernel debugging since kernel debugging software usually interacts with developers over a serial port In other words with virtual serial ports system programmers can do kernel debugging on a virtual machine instead of needing a real computer to connect to If a virtual serial port is enabled the guest operating system sees it a standard 16450 type serial port Both receiving and transmitting data is supported How this virtual serial port is then connected to the host is configurable and details depend on your host operating system You can use either the graphical user interface or the command line VBoxManage tool to set u
18. installation directory VMM added support for PAE guest mode VMM added support for hosts running in NX No Execute DEP Data Execu tion Prevention mode Graphics fixes for dynamic resolution handling Linux module yet another kernel panic fix due to weird patches in RedHat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 2 VBoxSVC if VBOX_USER_HOME is set look for configuration in this directory default HOME VirtualBox 12 43 Version 1 0 44 2005 10 25 Note Guest Additions have to be updated Installer greatly improved Windows installer fixed uninstall and perform driver and COM registration through MSI VBoxManage added commands to create and delete Win32 Host Interface Net working adapters VDI updated virtual disk image format for newly created images old images continue to work with enhanced write performance and support for the upcom ing snapshot feature Network performance improvements Graphics added hardware acceleration to virtual graphics adapter and corre sponding Guest Additions driver 227 12 Change log Graphics Additions GUI added dynamic resizing support Graphics added workaround for buggy VESA support in Windows Vista Longhorn VRDP performance and stability improvements added support for graphics ac celeration architecture USB restructured USB subsystem added support for filters to autocapture de vices that meet defined criteria GUI added mouse wheel support VMM added support for PA
19. remotely by use of the Remote Desktop Protocol RDP Sometimes we also use the term virtual machine in a more abstract way In ternally VirtualBox thinks of a VM as a set of parameters that determine its operation These settings are mirrored in the VirtualBox graphical user interface as well as the VBoxManage command line program see chapter 8 VBoxManage reference page 103 They include hardware settings how much memory the VM should have what hard disks VirtualBox should virtualize through which container files what CD ROMs are mounted etc as well as state information whether the VM is currently running saved its snapshots etc In other words a VM is also what you can see in its settings dialog Guest Additions With Guest Additions we refer to special software packages that are shipped with VirtualBox Even though they are part of VirtualBox they are designed to be installed inside a VM to improve performance of the guest OS and to add extra features This is described in detail in chapter 4 Guest Additions page 60 11 1 2 1 First steps Features overview Here s a brief outline of VirtualBox s main features Portability VirtualBox runs on a large number of 32 bit and 64 bit host oper ating systems Windows Linux Mac OS X and Solaris see chapter 1 3 Sup ported host operating systems page 14 for details Virtual machines can easily be imported and exported using the industry standard Open
20. website as any other website logs anony mous usage information such as your IP address geographical location browser type referral source length of visit and number of page views while you visit collectively anonymous data In addition but only if you choose to register the website s bug tracking and forum services store the data you choose to reveal upon registration such as your user name and contact information 2 Cookies The virtualbox org website the bug tracker and the forum services use cookies to identify and track the visiting web browser and if you have registered to facilitate login Most browsers allow you to refuse to accept cookies While you can still visit the website with cookies disabled logging into the bug tracker and forum services will most likely not work without them 3 VirtualBox registration process The VirtualBox application may ask that the user register with Sun through the Sun Online mechanism used by many Sun products This registration is optional If you choose to register your name e mail address country and company will be submitted to Sun and stored together with the IP address of the submitter as well as product version and platform being used The standard Sun Privacy Policy as posted on http www sun com privacy applies to this data 4 Update notifications The VirtualBox application may contact Sun Microsys tems to find out whether a new version of VirtualBox has been r
21. you would like to export to the same OVF file and specify the target OVF file after an additional output or o option Note that the directory of the target OVF file will also receive the exported disk images in the compressed VMDK format regardless of the original format and should have enough disk space left for them Beside a simple export of a given virtual machine you can append several prod uct information to the appliance file Use product producturl vendor vendorurl and version to specify this additional information For legal rea sons you may add a license text or the content of a license file by using the eula and eulafile option respectively As with OVF import you must use the vsys X option to direct the previously mentioned options to the correct virtual machine For virtualization products which aren t fully compatible with the OVF standard 1 0 you can enable a OVF 0 9 legacy mode with the 1egacy09 option 8 8 VBoxManage startvm This command starts a virtual machine that is currently in the Powered off or Saved states Note This is provided for backwards compatibility only We recommend to start virtual machines directly by running the respective front end as you might otherwise miss important error and state information that VirtualBox may display on the console This is especially important for front ends other than VirtualBox our graphical user interface because those cannot displa
22. 10 u5 and higher Other distributions may work if they are based on comparable software releases 4 5 1 Installing the Solaris Guest Additions The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Solaris are provided on the same ISO CD ROM as the Additions for Windows and Linux described above They also come with an installation program guiding you through the setup process Installation involves the following steps 1 Mount the VBoxGuestAdditions iso file as your Solaris guest s virtual CD ROM drive exactly the same way as described for a Windows guest in chapter 4 3 1 1 Mounting the Additions ISO file page 62 67 4 Guest Additions If in case the CD ROM drive on the guest doesn t get mounted observed on some versions of Solaris 10 execute as root svcadm restart volfs 2 Change to the directory where your CD ROM drive is mounted and execute as root pkgadd G d VBoxSolarisAdditions pkg 3 Choose 1 and confirm installation of the guest additions package After the installation is complete re login to X server on your guest to activate the X11 Guest Additions 4 5 2 Uninstalling the Solaris Guest Additions The Solaris Guest Additions can be safely removed by removing the package from the guest Open a root terminal session and execute pkgrm SUNWvboxguest 4 5 3 Updating the Solaris Guest Additions The Guest Additions should be updated by first uninstalling the existing Guest Ad ditions and then installing the
23. 2617 VMM fixed guru meditation for PAE guests on non PAE hosts VT x VMM disallow mixing of software and hardware virtualization execution in gen eral bug 2404 VMM fixed black screen when booting OS 2 1 x AMD V only GUI pause running VMs when the host machine goes into suspend mode Win dows amp Mac OS X hosts GUI resume previously paused VMs when the host machine resumes after sus pend Windows amp Mac OS X hosts GUI save the state of running or paused VMs when the host machine s battery reaches critical level Windows hosts GUI properly restore the position of the selector window when running on the compiz window manager GUI properly restore the VM in seamless mode 2 0 regression GUI warn user about non optimal memory settings GUI structure operating system list according to family and version for improved usability GUI predefined settings for QNX guests IDE improved ATAPI passthrough support Networking added support for up to 8 Ethernet adapters per VM Networking fixed issue where a VM could lose connectivity after a reboot iSCSI allow snapshot diff creation using local VDI file iSCSI improved interoperability with iSCSI targets Graphics fixed handling of a guest video memory which is not a power of two bug 2724 VBoxManage fixed bug which prevented setting up the serial port for direct device access 190 12 Change log VBoxManage added support for VMDK and VHD image crea
24. 32 bit Vista guest the driver will automatically be installed as well If for some reason you would like to install the driver manually you can extract the required files from the 64 4 Guest Additions Windows Guest Additions setup Please consult chapter 4 3 4 Manual file extraction page 64 on how to achieve this You will then find the AMD PCNet driver files in the x86 Network AMD netamd inf subdirectory of the default install directory Alternatively change the Vista guest s VM settings to use an Intel networking card instead of the default AMD PCNet card see chapter 3 9 Network settings page 54 for details Unfortunately there is no 64 bit driver available for the AMD PCNet card So for 64 bit Windows VMs you should always use the Intel networking devices 4 4 Linux Guest Additions Like the Windows Guest Additions the VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux take the form of a set of device drivers and system applications which may be installed in the guest operating system The following Linux distributions are officially supported e Fedora Core 4 5 6 7 8 9 and 11 e Redhat Enterprise Linux 3 4 and 5 e SUSE and openSUSE Linux 9 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 11 0 and 11 1 e Ubuntu 5 10 6 06 7 04 7 10 8 04 8 10 and 9 04 Other distributions may work if they are based on comparable software releases The version of the Linux kernel supplied by default in SUSE and openSUSE 10 2 Ubuntu 6 10 all versions and U
25. 5222 VMM changed VT x AMD V usage to detect other active hypervisors necessary for e g Windows 7 XP compatibility mode Windows amp Mac OS X hosts only bug 4239 VMM guru meditation during SCO OpenServer installation and reboot VI x only bug 5164 VMM fixed accessed bit handling in certain cases bug 5248 VMM fixed VPID flushing VT x only VMM fixed broken nested paging for 64 bits guests on 32 bits hosts AMD V only bug 5285 VMM fixed loading of old saved states snapshots bug 3984 Mac OS X hosts fixed memory leaks bug 5084 Mac OS X hosts Snow Leopard fixed redraw problem in a dual screen setup bug 4942 Windows hosts installer updates for Windows 7 Solaris hosts out of memory handled incorrectly bug 5241 Solaris hosts the previous fix for 5077 broke the DVD host support on Solaris 10 VBox 3 0 8 regression Linux hosts fixed module compilation against Linux 2 6 32rc4 and later Guest Additions fixed possible guest OS kernel memory exhaustion Guest Additions fixed stability issues with SMP guests Windows Additions fixed color depth issue with low resolution hosts netbooks etc bug 4935 165 12 Change log Windows Additions fixed NO MORE FILES error when saving to shared folders bug 4106 Windows Additions fixed subdirectory creation on shared folders bug 4299 Linux Additions sendfile returned EOVERFLOW when executed on a shared folder bug 2921 Linux Addition
26. Before updating or uninstalling VirtualBox you must terminate any virtual machines which are currently running and exit the VirtualBox or VBoxSVC applications To update VirtualBox simply run the installer of the updated version To uninstall VirtualBox invoke the installer like this 39 2 Installation details sudo VirtualBox run uninstall or as root VirtualBox run uninstall Starting with version 2 2 2 you can uninstall the run package by invoking opt VirtualBox uninstall sh To manually uninstall VirtualBox simply undo the steps in the manual installation in reverse order 2 3 4 5 Automatic installation of Debian packages The Debian packages will request some user feedback when installed for the first time The debconf system is used to perform this task To prevent any user interaction during installation default values can be defined A file vvoxconf can contain the following debconf settings virtualbox virtualbox module compilation allowed boolean true virtualbox virtualbox delete old modules boolean true The first line allows compilation of the vboxdrv kernel module if no module was found for the current kernel The second line allows the package to delete any old vboxdrv kernel modules compiled by previous installations These default settings can be applied with debconf set selections vboxconf prior to the installation of the VirtualBox Debian package 2 3 4 6 Automatic installation of rpm package
27. Clipboard Windows host guest fixes Clipboard fixed a SEGFAULT on VM exit Linux host Clipboard fixed a buffer overflow Linux host Shared Folders fixed memory leaks Linux installer remove the old kernel module before compiling a new one Linux host compatibility fixes with Linux 2 6 24 Linux host script fixes for ArchLinux Linux host load correct HAL library to determine DVD floppy libhal so 1 not libhal so 207 12 Change log Linux host make sure the tun kernel module is loaded before initializing static TAP interfaces Windows Additions fixed hang during HGCM communication Windows Additions fixed delay when shutting down the guest Linux Additions added sendfile support to allow HTTP servers to send files on shared folders Linux Additions make Additions work with Fedora 8 SELinux policy added Linux Additions sometimes ARGB pointers were displayed incorrectly Linux Additions several small script fixes 12 25 Version 1 5 2 2007 10 18 This version is a maintenance release and mainly addresses issues discovered in VirtualBox 1 5 0 and improves compatibility with new guest and host OS revisions Windows Installer fixed installation on Windows 2000 hosts Windows Installer proper warning when installing a 32 bit VirtualBox version on 64 bit Windows and vice versa Linux Installer no longer require license acceptance during install instead at first GUI startup addresses issues with hanging installer on Debia
28. For virtual machines that are configured to contain such an operating system hard ware virtualization is enabled automatically e VirtualBox s 64 bit guest support added with version 2 0 and multiprocessing SMP added with version 3 0 both require hardware virtualization to be en abled This is not much of a limitation since the vast majority of today s 64 bit and multicore CPUs ship with hardware virtualization anyway the exceptions to this rule are e g older Intel Celeron and AMD Opteron CPUs The reason for changing the default with version 2 2 is that the hardware has sig nificantly improved with the latest Intel and AMD processors and VirtualBox has also fine tuned its hardware virtualization support to a degree that it is now faster than software virtualization in many situations Warning Do not run other hypervisors open source or commercial virtu alization products together with VirtualBox While several hypervisors can normally be installed in parallel do not attempt to run several virtual ma chines from competing hypervisors at the same time VirtualBox cannot track what another hypervisor is currently attempting to do on the same host and especially if several products attempt to use hardware virtualization features such as VT x this can crash the entire host Also within VirtualBox you can mix software and hardware virtualization when running multiple VMs In cer tain cases a small performance penalty will b
29. Linux and Mac OS X hosts bug 4672 VRDP Remote USB Protocol version 3 SATA fixed hangs and BSODs introduced with 3 0 4 bugs 4695 4739 4710 SATA fixed a bug which prevented Windows 7 from detecting more than one hard disk SATA SCSI fixed rare random guest crashes and hangs SCSI fixed problem with Fedora 11 refusing to boot after kernel update iSCSI fix logging out when the target has dropped the connection fix negotia tion of parameters fix command resend when the connection was dropped fix processing SCSI status for targets which do not use phase collapse 169 12 Change log BIOS fixed a bug that caused the OS 2 boot manager to fail 2 1 0 regression bug 3911 PulseAudio don t hang during VM termination if the connection to the server was unexpectedly terminated bug 3100 Mouse fixed weird mouse behaviour with SMP Solaris guests bug 4538 HostOnly Network fixed failure in CreateHostOnlyNetworkInterface on Linux no GUID HostOnly Network fixed wrong DHCP server startup while hostonly interface bringup on Linux HostOnly Network fixed incorrect factory and default MAC address on Solaris HostOnly Network fixed the problem with listing host only interfaces on Mac OS X when all physical interfaces are down bugs 4698 4790 DHCP fixed a bug in the DHCP server where it allocated one IP address less than the configured range E1000 fixed receiving of multicast packets E1000 fixed up d
30. OR OTHER WISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE Except as contained in this notice the name of the authors shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from him 14 2 14 gSOAP Public License Version 1 3a The gSOAP public license is derived from the Mozilla Public License MPL1 1 The sections that were deleted from the original MPL1 1 text are 1 0 1 2 1 c d 2 2 c d 8 2 b 10 and 11 Section 3 8 was added The modified sections are 2 1 b 2 2 b 3 2 simplified 3 5 deleted the last sentence and 3 6 simplified 1 DEFINITIONS 1 1 Contributor means each entity that creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications 1 2 Contributor Version means the combination of the Original Code prior Mod ifications used by a Contributor and the Modifications made by that particular Con tributor 1 3 Covered Code means the Original Code or Modifications or the combination of the Original Code and Modifications in each case including portions thereof 1 4 Electronic Distribution Mechanism means a mechanism generally accepted in the software development community for the electronic transfer of data 1 5 Executable means Covered Code in any form other than Source Code 1 6 Initial Developer means the individual or enti
31. SCSI BusLogic 8 Virtual Disk Image mnt innotek unix vdis winxp disk3 vmdk Restore Defaults lt Back Import gt Cancel This presents the virtual machines described in the OVF file and allows you to change the virtual machine settings by double clicking on the description items Once you click on Import VirtualBox will copy the disk images and create local virtual ma chines with the settings described in the dialog These will then show up in the list of virtual machines Note that since disk images tend to be big and VMDK images that come with virtual appliances are typically shipped in a special compressed format that is unsuitable for being used by virtual machines directly the images will need to be unpacked and copied first which can take a few minutes For how to import an image at the command line please see chapter 8 6 VBoxMan age import page 115 Conversely to export virtual machines that you already have in VirtualBox select the machines and File gt Export appliance A different dialog window shows up that allows you to combine several virtual machines into an OVF appliance Then you select the target location where the OVF and VMDK files should be stored and the conversion process begins This can again take a while For how to export an image at the command line please see chapter 8 7 VBoxMan age export page 117 30 1 First steps Note OVF cannot
32. USE IN ON LINE EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS EN VIRONMENTS SUCH AS OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES AIRCRAFT NAVIGA TION OR CONTROL OR LIFE CRITICAL APPLICATIONS THE AUTHORS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY RESULTING FROM USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANY SUCH ON LINE EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS AND ACCEPTS NO LIABIL ITY IN RESPECT OF ANY ACTIONS OR CLAIMS BASED ON THE USE OF THE SOFT WARE IN ANY SUCH ON LINE EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY YOU FOR PURPOSES OF THIS PARAGRAPH THE TERM LIFE CRITICAL APPLICA TION MEANS AN APPLICATION IN WHICH THE FUNCTIONING OR MALFUNCTION ING OF THE SOFTWARE MAY RESULT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN PHYSICAL IN 266 14 Third party licenses JURY OR LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AU THORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER 8 TERMINATION 8 1 This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive any termination of this License Provisions which by their nature must remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall survive 8 2 8 3 If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant alleging that such Partic ipant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly
33. VBoxInternal Devices serial 0 LUN 0 AttachedDriver Config IsServer 1 This sets up a serial port in the guest with the default settings for COM1 IRQ 4 I O address 0x3f8 and the Location setting assumes that this configuration is used on a Windows host because the Windows named pipe syntax is used Keep in mind that on Windows hosts a named pipe must always start with pipe On Linux the same config settings apply except that the path name for the Location can be chosen more freely Local domain sockets can be placed anywhere provided the user running VirtualBox has the permission to create a new file in the directory The final command above defines that VirtualBox acts as a server ie it creates the named pipe itself instead of connecting to an already existing one 9 11 Using a raw host hard disk from a guest Starting with version 1 4 as an alternative to using virtual disk images as described in detail in chapter 5 Virtual storage page 76 VirtualBox can also present either entire physical hard disks or selected partitions thereof as virtual disks to virtual machines With VirtualBox this type of access is called raw hard disk access it allows a guest operating system to access its virtual hard disk without going through the host OS file system The actual performance difference for image files vs raw disk varies greatly depending on the overhead of the host file system whether dynamically growing im ages are used
34. VM s running state e The setlinkstate 1 N operation connects or disconnects virtual network cables from their network interfaces 118 8 VBoxManage reference e nic lt 1 N gt null nat bridgedlintnet hostonly With this you can set for each of the VM s virtual network cards what type of networking should be available They can be not connected to the host nu11 use network address translation nat bridged networking oridged or communicate with other virtual machines using internal networking intnet or host only networking hostonly These options correspond to the modes which are described in detail in chapter 6 2 Introduction to networking modes page 86 usbattach and usbdettach make host USB devices visible to the virtual ma chine on the fly without the need for creating filters first The USB devices can be specified by UUID unique identifier or by address on the host system You can use VBoxManage list usbhost to locate this information vrdp on off lets you enable or disable the built in VRDP server vrdpport default ports changes the port or a range of ports that the VRDP server can bind to default or 0 means port 3389 the standard port for RDP For details see the description for the vrdpport option in chapter 8 5 3 Serial port audio clipboard VRDP and USB settings page 114 setvideomodehint requests that the guest system change to a particular video mode This requires that the gues
35. VM performance and statistics 73 4 Guest Additions 2 In addition arbitrary string data can be exchanged between guest and host and in both directions To accomplish this VirtualBox establishes a private communication channel be tween the VirtualBox Guest Additions and the host and software on both sides can use this channel to exchange string data for arbitrary purposes Guest properties are simply string keys to which a value is attached They can be set written to by either the host and the guest and they can also be read from both sides In addition to establishing the general mechanism of reading and writing values a set of predefined guest properties is automatically maintained by the VirtualBox Guest Additions to allow for retrieving interesting guest data such as the guest s exact op erating system and service pack level the installed version of the Guest Additions users that are currently logged into the guest OS network statistics and more These predefined properties are all prefixed with VirtualBox and organized into a hier archical tree of keys Some of this runtime information is shown when you select Session Information Dialog from a virtual machine s Machine menu A more flexible way to use this channel is via the VBoxManage guestproperty command set see chapter 8 25 VBoxManage guestproperty page 129 for details For example to have all the available guest properties for a given running VM listed
36. VirtualBox contains code of the BOCHS VGA BIOS which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL page 242 and Copyright C 2001 2002 the LGPL VGABios developers Team VirtualBox contains code of the BOCHS ROM BIOS which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL page 242 and Copyright C 2002 MandrakeSoft S A Copyright C 2004 Fabrice Bellard Copyright C 2005 Struan Bartlett VirtualBox contains the zlib library which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 6 zlib license page 257 and Copyright C 1995 2003 Jean loup Gailly and Mark Adler VirtualBox may contain OpenSSL which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 7 OpenSSL license page 257 and Copyright C 1995 1998 Eric Young eay cryptsoft com This product in cludes software written by Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com 235 14 Third party licenses VirtualBox may contain NSPR and XPCOM which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 3 Mozilla Public License MPL page 249 and Copyright C The Authors VirtualBox contains Slirp which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 8 Slirp license page 258 and was written by Danny Gasparovski Copyright C 1995 1996 All Rights Reserved VirtualBox contains liblzf which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 9 liblzf license page 259 and Copyright C 2000 2005 Marc Alexander Lehmann lt schmorp schmorp de g
37. Virtualization For mat OVF see chapter 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines page 29 Since the file and image formats used are identical on all the platforms this works between all supported host operating systems Clean architecture unprecedented modularity VirtualBox has an extremely modular design with well defined internal programming interfaces and a clean separation of client and server code This makes it easy to control it from several interfaces at once for example you can start a VM simply by clicking on a button in the VirtualBox graphical user interface and then control that machine from the command line or even remotely See chapter 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines page 93 for details Due to its modular architecture VirtualBox can also expose its full functionality and configurability through a comprehensive software development kit SDK which allows for integrating every aspect of VirtualBox with other software sys tems Please see chapter 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces page 150 for details No hardware virtualization required For many scenarios VirtualBox does not require the processor features built into newer hardware like Intel VI x or AMD V As opposed to many other virtualization solutions you can therefore use VirtualBox even on older hardware where these features are not present More details can be found in chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtual
38. a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program 240 14 Third party licenses If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contri butions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on con
39. a different license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ from this License are offered by You alone not by the Initial Developer or any Contributor If you distribute executable versions containing Covered Code as part of a product you must reproduce the notice in Exhibit B in the documentation and or other materials provided with the product 3 7 Larger Works You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger Work as a single product In such a case You must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Code 3 8 Restrictions You may not remove any product identification copyright propri etary notices or labels from gSOAP 4 INABILITY TO COMPLY DUE TO STATUTE OR REGULATION If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to statute judicial order or regulation then You must a comply with the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible and b describe the limitations and the code they affect Such description must be included in the LEGAL file described in Section 3 4 and must be included with all dis tributions of the Source Code Except to the extent prohibited by statute or regulation such description must be sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it 5 APPLICATI
40. a general introduction Three methods of authentication are available e The null method means that there is no authentication at all any client can connect to the VRDP server and thus the virtual machine This is of course very insecure and only to be recommended for private networks e The external method provides external authentication through a special au thentication library VirtualBox comes with two default libraries for external authentication OnLinux hosts VRDPAuth so authenticates users against the host s PAM system On Windows hosts VRDPAuth d11 authenticates users against the host s WinLogon system In other words the external method per default performs authentication with the user accounts that exist on the host system Any user with valid authentica tion credentials is accepted i e the username does not have to correspond to the user running the VM However you can replace the default external authentication module with any other module For this VirtualBox provides a well defined interface that allows you to write your own authentication module see chapter 9 4 Custom external VRDP authentication page 136 for details e Finally the guest authentication method performs authentication with a special component that comes with the Guest Additions as a result authentication is not performed with the host users but with the guest user accounts This method is currently still in
41. a virtual machine Mini toolbar In full screen or seamless mode VirtualBox can display a small toolbar that contains some of the items that are normally available from the virtual ma chine s menu bar This toolbar reduces itself to a small gray line unless you move the mouse over it With the toolbar you can return from full screen or seamless mode control machine execution or enable certain devices If you don t want to see the toolbar disable this setting 46 3 Configuring virtual machines 3 3 3 Description tab Here you can enter any description for your virtual machine if you want This has no effect of the functionality of the machine but you may find this space useful to note down things like the configuration of a virtual machine and the software that has been installed into it 3 4 System settings The System category groups various settings that are related to the basic hardware that is presented to the virtual machine Note As the activation mechanism of Microsoft Windows is sensitive to hard ware changes if you are changing hardware settings for a Windows guest some of these changes may trigger a request for another activation with Mi crosoft 3 4 1 Motherboard tab On the Motherboard tab you can influence virtual hardware that would normally be on the motherboard of a real computer Base memory This sets the amount of RAM that is allocated and given to the VM when it is r
42. adding this parameter to your GRUB or LILO configuration makes the kernel fail to boot with a weird error message such as failed to mount the root partition then you have probably run into a memory conflict of your kernel and initial RAM disk This can be solved by adding the following parameter to your GRUB configuration uppermem 524288 11 6 Solaris hosts 11 6 1 Cannot start VM not enough contiguous memory The ZFS file system is known to use all available RAM as cache if the default system settings are not changed This may lead to a heavy fragmentation of the host memory preventing VirtualBox VMs from being started We recommend to limit the ZFS cache by adding a line Set zfs zfs arc max XXxx to etc system where xxxx bytes is the amount of memory usable for the ZFS cache 161 11 Troubleshooting 11 6 2 VM aborts with out of memory errors on Solaris 10 hosts Solaris 10 hosts bug 1225025 requires swap space equal to or greater than the host s physical memory size For example 8 GB physical memory would require at least 8 GB swap This can be configured during a Solaris 10 install by choosing a custom install and changing the default partitions For existing Solaris 10 installs an additional swap image needs to be mounted and used as swap Hence if you have 1 GB swap and 8 GB of physical memory you require to add 7 GB more swap This can be done as follows For ZFS as root user zfs create V 8gb ZF
43. addiscsidisk server name ip target target port lt port gt 1un lt lun gt username username password lt password gt type normal writethrough immutable comment lt comment gt intnet where the parameters mean server The host name or IP address of the iSCSI target 125 8 VBoxManage reference target Target name string This is determined by the iSCSI target and used to identify the storage resource port TCP IP port number of the iSCSI service on the target optional lun Logical Unit Number of the target resource optional Often this value is zero username password Username and password for target authentication if required optional Note Currently username and password are stored without encryption i e in cleartext in the machine configuration file type Defines what kind of hard disk type this image should be comment Any description that you want to have stored with this item optional e g Big storage server downstairs This is stored internally only and not needed for operation intnet Connect to the iSCSI target via Internal Networking This needs further con figuration which is described in chapter 5 7 1 Access iSCSI targets via Internal Networking page 83 8 20 VBoxManage getextradata setextradata These commands let you attach and retrieve string data to a virtual machine or to a VirtualBox configuration by specifying global ins
44. and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a The modified work must itself be a software library b You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change c You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License 244 14 Third party licenses d If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the facility other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that in the event an application does not supply such function or table the facility still operates and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful For example a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well defined independent of the application Therefore Subsection 2d re quires that any application supplied function or table used by this function must be optional if the application does not supply it the square root function must still com pute square roots These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library and can be reasonably considered in dependent and separate works in themselves then t
45. and on host OS caching strategies The caching indirectly also affects 141 9 Advanced topics other aspects such as failure behavior i e whether the virtual disk contains all data written before a host OS crash Consult your host OS documentation for details on this Warning Raw hard disk access is for expert users only Incorrect use or use of an outdated configuration can lead to total loss of data on the physical disk Most importantly do not attempt to boot the partition with the cur rently running host operating system in a guest This will lead to severe data corruption Raw hard disk access both for entire disks and individual partitions is imple mented as part of the VMDK image format support As a result you will need to create a special VMDK image file which defines where the data will be stored After creating such a special VMDK image you can use it like a regular virtual disk image For ex ample you can use the Virtual Disk Manager chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 or VBoxManage to assign the image to a virtual machine 9 11 1 Access to entire physical hard disk While this variant is the simplest to set up you must be aware that this will give a guest operating system direct and full access to an entire physical disk If your host operating system is also booted from this disk please take special care to not access the partition from the guest at all On the positive side the physi
46. any such terms You offer 3 7 Larger Works You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger Work as a single product In such a case You must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Code 4 Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to statute judicial order or regulation then You must a comply with the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible and b describe the limitations and the code they affect Such description must be included in the LEGAL file described in Section 3 4 and must be included with all distributions of the Source Code Except to the extent prohibited by statute or regulation such description must be sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it 5 Application of this License This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Code 6 Versions of the License 6 1 New Versions Netscape Communications Corporation Netscape may pub lish revised and or new versions of the License from time to time Each version will be given a distinguishing version number 6 2 Effect of New Versions Once Covered Code has been published under a partic ular
47. as if it were a physical CD ROM Similarly you can give a guest system access to the real network via its virtual network card and if you choose give the host system other guests or computers on the Internet access to the guest system 3 1 Supported guest operating systems Since VirtualBox is designed to provide a generic virtualization environment for x86 systems it may run operating systems of any kind even those that are not officially supported by Sun Microsystems However our focus is to optimize the product s per formance for a select list of guest systems Windows NT 4 0 All versions editions and service packs are fully supported how ever there are some issues with older service packs We recommend to install service pack 6a Guest Additions are available with a limited feature set Windows 2000 XP Server 2003 Vista Server 2008 Windows 7 beta All ver sions editions and service packs are fully supported including 64 bit versions under the preconditions listed below Guest Additions are available DOS Windows 3 x 95 98 ME Limited testing has been performed Use beyond legacy installation mechanisms not recommended No Guest Additions available Linux 2 4 Limited support Linux 2 6 All versions editions are fully supported 32 bits and 64 bits Guest Addi tions are available We strongly recommend using a Linux kernel version 2 6 13 or higher for better performance Note Certain Linux kern
48. blocked receiving thread when a broadcast packet arrives too early to be handled by uninitialized e1000 adapter Networking fixed the problem that caused host freezes crashes when using bridged mode with host s interface having RX checksum offloading on bug 3926 and related Fixes problems with TX offloading as well bug 3870 PXE boot Added support for PRO 1000 MT Server adapter Python bindings fixed keyword conflict SCSI fixed occasional crashes on Win64 Serial allow to redirect the serial port to a raw file bug 1023 VRDP fixed a rare incorrect screen update VMDK fixed creating snapshots 12 9 Version 2 2 2 2009 04 27 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added e Host and guest clipboard fixed a number of issues affecting hosts and guests running the X window system e Guest Additions make sure the virtual mouse autodetection works on first re boot after installing the Additions on X Org server 1 5 and later e Guest Additions properly report process identity number of running services 178 12 Change log Guest Additions clean up properly if the X Window server terminates Linux Additions fixed installation path for OpenGL libraries in some 64 bit guests bug 3693 Solaris Additions fixed installation to work when X Org is not installed on the guest Solaris Additions fixed a bug that could panic the guest when unmounting a busy shared folder Windows Addition
49. by that particular Con tributor 1 3 Covered Code means the Original Code or Modifications or the combination of the Original Code and Modifications in each case including portions thereof 1 4 Electronic Distribution Mechanism means a mechanism generally accepted in the software development community for the electronic transfer of data 1 5 Executable means Covered Code in any form other than Source Code 1 6 Initial Developer means the individual or entity identified as the Initial Devel oper in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A 1 7 Larger Work means a work which combines Covered Code or portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License 249 14 Third party licenses 1 8 License means this document 1 8 1 Licensable means having the right to grant to the maximum extent possible whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently acquired any and all of the rights conveyed herein 1 9 Modifications means any addition to or deletion from the substance or struc ture of either the Original Code or any previous Modifications When Covered Code is released as a series of files a Modification is A Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file containing Original Code or previous Modifications B Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or previous Modifications 1 10 Original Code means Source Code of computer software code whi
50. changes are lost when the virtual machine is closed Technically VirtualBox never writes to an immutable image directly at all All write operations from the VM will be directed to a special differencing disk image 3This restriction is more lenient now than it was before VirtualBox 2 2 Previously each normal disk image could only be attached to one single machine Now it can be attached to more than one machine so long as only one of these machines is running 79 5 Virtual storage which VirtualBox creates automatically when the VM starts The next time the VM is started the differencing image is reset so that every time the VM starts its immutable images have exactly the same content If the automatic discarding of the differencing image on VM startup does not fit your needs you can turn it off using the autoreset parameter of VBoxManage modi fyhd see chapter 8 16 VBoxManage modifyhd page 123 for details With respect to snapshots the behavior of immutable images is identical to that of normal images When reverting to a snapshot taken of an immutable image its state will be fully reset to that of the snapshot As a result as opposed to normal images the same immutable image can be used with several virtual machines without restrictions Normally you would not create an immutable image but instead create a normal image first and then when you deem its contents useful later mark it immutable using VBox
51. data ACPI properly hide a disabled floppy controller VMM small fixes to protected mode without paging VMDK fixed handling of vmdk images without UUIDs Windows hosts fixed driver parameter validation issue in VBoxDrv sys that could allow an attacker on the host to crash the system Windows hosts installer now contains web service examples mentioned in the manual Linux hosts properly deregister the Linux kernel module before uninstalling a Linux deb rpm package Linux hosts kernel module works now with Linux 2 6 27 Linux hosts fixed a typo in the vboxnet setup script for host network interfaces bug 1714 Linux hosts fixed usage of tar in installer bug 1767 Linux hosts fixed long guest shutdown time when serial port is enabled Solaris hosts refuse to install in Sun xVM hypervisor domO Solaris hosts accept Solaris raw disks when for raw disk access Windows Additions made installation of shared folders more robust Windows Additions improved installation Linux Additions accept every user defined guest video mode in etc X11 xorg conf Linux Additions fixed startup order for recent Linux distributions e g open SUSE 11 12 21 Version 1 6 2 2008 05 28 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added GUI fixed a bug which prevented to add more than one SATA drive from the GUI GUI fixed a regression introduced in 1 6 0 the fullscreen mode was left on every guest video mode switc
52. do not occur Since the proper flush interval depends on the performance of the host and the host filesystem finding the optimal value that makes the problem disappear requires some experimentation Values between 1000000 and 10000000 1 to 10 megabytes are a good starting point Decreasing the interval both decreases the probability of the problem and the write performance of the guest Setting the value unnecessarily low will cost performance without providing any benefits An interval of 1 will cause a flush for each write operation and should solve the problem in any case but has a severe write performance penalty Providing a value of O for b is treated as an infinite flush interval effectively disabling this workaround Removing the extra data key by specifying no value for b has the same effect 11 1 3 Responding to guest IDE SATA flush requests If desired the virtual disk images can be flushed when the guest issues the IDE FLUSH CACHE command Normally these requests are ignored for improved performance The parameters below are only accepted for disk drives They must not be set for DVD drives To enable flushing for IDE disks issue the following command VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 LUN x Config IgnoreFlush 0 The value x that selects the disk is O for the master device on the first channel 1 for the slave device on the first channel 2 for the master device on the second channel or 3
53. easier as you do not have to type the full path You can configure some elements of the VirtualBox Qt GUI such as fonts and colours by executing VBoxQtconfig from the terminal 2 4 3 Uninstallation Uninstallation of VirtualBox on Solaris requires root permissions To perform the unin stallation start a root terminal session and execute pkgrm SUNWvbox After confirmation this will remove VirtualBox from your system If you are uninstalling VirtualBox version 3 0 or lower you need to remove the VirtualBox kernel interface package execute pkgrm SUNWvboxkern 2 4 4 Unattended installation To perform a non interactive installation of VirtualBox we have provided a response file named autoresponse that the installer will use for responses to inputs rather than ask them from you Extract the tar gz package as described in the normal installation Then open a root terminal session and execute pkgadd d VirtualBox 3 1 0 BETA1 SunOS x86 n a autoresponse SUNWvbox 42 2 Installation details To perform a non interactive uninstallation open a root terminal session and exe cute pkgrm n a opt VirtualBox autoresponse SUNWvbox 2 4 5 Configuring a zone for running VirtualBox Starting with VirtualBox 1 6 it is possible to run VirtualBox from within Solaris zones For an introduction of Solaris zones please refer to http www sun com bigadmin features articles solaris zones Jjsp Assuming that VirtualBox has already been i
54. figuration With that configuration in place all TCP connections to port 2222 on the host will be forwarded to port 22 on the guest Protocol can be either of TCP or UDP these are case insensitive To remove a mapping again use the same commands but leaving out the values in this case TCP 22 and 2222 It is not possible to configure incoming NAT connections while the VM is running However you can change the settings for a VM which is currently saved or powered off at a snapshot 6 3 2 PXE booting with NAT PXE booting is now supported in NAT mode The NAT DHCP server provides a boot file name of the form vmname pxe if the directory TFTP exists in the directory where the users VirtualBox xml file is kept It is the responsibility of the user to provide vmname pxe 6 3 3 NAT limitations There are four limitations of NAT mode which users should be aware of ICMP protocol limitations Some frequently used network debugging tools e g ping or tracerouting rely on the ICMP protocol for sending receiving messages While ICMP support has been improved with VirtualBox 2 1 ping should now work some other tools may not work reliably Receiving of UDP broadcasts is not reliable The guest does not reliably receive broadcasts since in order to save resources it only listens for a certain amount of time after the guest has sent UDP data on a particular port As a consequence NetBios name resolution based on broadcasts does not always
55. folder with a virtual machine in VirtualBox you must specify the path of that folder and choose for it a share name that the guest can use to access it Hence first create the shared folder on the host then within the guest connect to it There are several ways in which shared folders can be set up for a particular virtual machine e In the graphical user interface of a running virtual machine you can select Shared folders from the Devices menu or click on the folder icon on the status bar in the bottom right corner of the virtual machine window If a virtual machine is not currently running you can configure shared folders in each virtual machine s Settings dialog e From the command line you can create shared folders using the VBoxManage command line interface see chapter 8 VBoxManage reference page 103 The command is as follows VBoxManage sharedfolder add VM name name sharename hostpath C test There are two types of shares 1 VM shares which are only available to the VM for which they have been defined 2 transient VM shares which can be added and removed at runtime and do not persist after a VM has stopped for these add the transient option to the above command line Shared folders have read write access to the files at the host path by default To restrict the guest to have read only access create a read only shared folder This can either be achieved using the GUI or by appe
56. for the master device on the second channel To enable flushing for SATA disks issue the following command 152 11 Troubleshooting VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 LUN x Config IgnoreFlush 0 The value x that selects the disk can be a value between 0 and 29 Note that this doesn t affect the flushes performed according to the configuration described in chapter 11 1 2 Guest shows IDE SATA errors for file based images on slow host file system page 151 Restoring the default of ignoring flush commands is possible by setting the value to 1 or by removing the key 11 2 Windows guests 11 2 1 Windows bluescreens after changing VM configuration Often customers encounter Windows startup failures the infamous blue screen after performing configuration changes to a virtual machine which are not allowed for an already installed Windows operating system Depending on the presence of several hardware features the Windows installation program chooses special kernel and device driver versions and will fail to startup should these hardware features be removed Most importantly never disable ACPI and the I O APIC if they were enabled at installation time Enabling them for a Windows VM which was installed without them does not cause any harm However Windows will not use these features in this case 11 2 2 Windows 0x101 bluescreens with SMP enabled IPI timeout If a VM is configured to have more than
57. fortunately it is not necessary to read the entire User Manual before you can use VirtualBox With VirtualBox you can virtualize 32 bit and 64 bit operating systems on machines with Intel and AMD processors either by using hardware virtualization features pro vided by these processors or even entirely in software at your option You can find a brief feature overview in chapter 1 2 Features overview page 12 see chapter 12 Change log page 163 for a detailed list of version changes 1 1 What is virtualization anyway With VirtualBox you can run one or more unmodified operating systems including all of the software that is installed on them directly on top of your existing operating system in a special environment called a virtual machine Your physical computer is then usually called the host while the virtual machine is often called a guest The following image shows you how VirtualBox on a Linux host is running Win dows Vista as guest operating system in a virtual machine window E Windows Vista TIT Running Sun xVM VirtualBox _ Machine Devices Help Eile Machine Help Qo New ings Del f Debian 3 1 net A Powered Off Debian 4 0 Powered Off Fedora Core 6 Powered Off Ry MCP2 pre additi Y Powered Off openSUSE 10 Powered Off f RHELS A Powered Off XT Solaris Powered Off ista 1 First steps VirtualBox allows the gue
58. gt remote yes no null VM filters only serialnumber lt string gt maskedinterfaces XXXXXXXX remove index 0 N target lt uuid gt lt name gt global add lt vmname gt lt uuid gt name lt name gt hostpath lt hostpath gt transient readonly remove lt vmname gt lt uuid gt name name transient vmname uuid reset pattern lt pattern gt descriptions list x host vmname lt metric_list gt comma separated setup period lt seconds gt samples lt count gt list host lt vmname gt lt metric_list gt query host lt vmname gt metric list collect period lt seconds gt samples lt count gt list detach host lt vmname gt lt metric_list gt 107 8 VBoxManage reference VBoxManage dhcpserver add modify netname network name ip ip address netmask network mask lowerip lower ip upperip upper ip enable disable VBoxManage dhcpserver remove netname network name Each time VBoxManage is invoked only one command can be executed However a command might support several subcommands which then can be invoked in one sin gle call The following sections provide detailed reference information on the different commands 8 1 VBoxManage list The 1ist command gives relevant information about your system and information about Virtua
59. guest however this may require that you run a modern guest operating system See chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCD SCSI page 76 for details The settings of the first IDE disk the primary master are initially set by the Cre ate VM wizard In many cases you will stick with this default for the rest of a VM s lifetime You may however freely remove add and exchange virtual hard drives after the machine has been set up For example if you wish to copy some files from another virtual disk that you created you can connect that disk as a second hard disk To connect an additional disk double click on the empty space in the list of virtual disks or click on the respective icon to the right of that list You can then select where the virtual disk should be connected to primary master or slave or secondary slave and which image to use If you click on the Select virtual disk icon to the right this will bring up the Virtual Disk Image Manager see chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 for details where you can select a different image To remove a virtual disk select it and click on the remove icon on the right 52 3 Configuring virtual machines We have dedicated an entire chapter of this User Manual to virtual storage please see chapter 5 Virtual storage page 76 3 7 CD DVD ROM and floppy settings In the VM Settings window the settings in these two categories determine what
60. hardware to a virtual machine These hardware features differ between Intel and AMD processors Intel named its technology VI x AMD calls theirs AMD V Note On many systems the hardware virtualization features first need to be enabled in the BIOS before VirtualBox can use them e As opposed to other virtualization software for many usage scenarios VirtualBox does not require hardware virtualization features to be present Through sophisticated techniques VirtualBox virtualizes many guest operating systems entirely in software This means that you can run virtual machines even on older processors which do not support hardware virtualization 49 3 Configuring virtual machines You can select for each virtual machine individually whether VirtualBox should use software or hardware virtualization Prior to VirtualBox version 2 2 software virtu alization was the default starting with version 2 2 VirtualBox will enable hardware virtualization by default for new virtual machines that you create Existing virtual machines are not automatically changed for compatibility reasons and the default can of course be changed for each virtual machine Even though VirtualBox does not always require hardware virtualization enabling it is required in the following three scenarios e Certain rare guest operating systems like OS 2 make use of very esoteric pro cessor instructions that are not supported with our software virtualization
61. image from the registry and optionally delete the image file when doing so e release an image that is detach it from a virtual machine if it is currently attached to one as a virtual hard disk We recommend that you maintain two special folders on your system for keeping images one for hard disk image files which can in the case of dynamically expand ing images grow to considerable sizes and one for ISO files which were probably downloaded from the Internet Hard disk image files can be copied onto other host systems and imported into virtual machines there although certain guest systems notably Windows 2000 and XP will require that the new virtual machine be set up in a similar way to the old one Note Do not simply make copies of virtual disk images If you import such a second copy into a virtual machine VirtualBox will complain with an error since VirtualBox assigns a unique identifier UUID to each disk image to make sure it is only used once See chapter 5 6 Cloning disk images page 82 for instructions on this matter Details about the different container formats supported by VirtualBox are described in chapter 5 Virtual storage page 76 5 6 Cloning disk images You can duplicate hard disk image files on the same host to quickly produce a second virtual machine with the same operating system setup However you should only make copies of virtual disk images using the utility supplied with Virtu
62. infringes any patent where such claim is resolved such as by license or settlement prior to the initiation of patent infringe ment litigation then the reasonable value of the licenses granted by such Participant under Sections 2 1 or 2 2 shall be taken into account in determining the amount or value of any payment or license 8 4 In the event of termination under Sections 8 1 or 8 2 above all end user license agreements excluding distributors and resellers which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive termination 9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY WHETHER TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE SHALL YOU THE INI TIAL DEVELOPER ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COV ERED CODE OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM AGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL WORK STOPPAGE COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EX TENT APPLICABLE LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSE
63. installer described previously you can also perform a manual installation Invoke the installer like this VirtualBox run keep noexec This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory The VirtualBox application files are contained in VirtualBox tar bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system For example sudo mkdir opt VirtualBox sudo tar jxf install VirtualBox tar bz2 C opt VirtualBox Or as root mkdir opt VirtualBox tar jxf install VirtualBox tar bz2 C opt VirtualBox The sources for VirtualBox s kernel module are provided in the src directory To build the module change to the directory and issue make If everything builds correctly issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory sudo make install In case you do not have sudo switch the user account to root and perform 38 2 Installation details make install The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate The above make command will tell you how to create the device node depending on your Linux system The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with a dev directory a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev On certain Linux distributions you might experience difficulties building the mod ule You will have to analyze the error messages from the build system to diagnose
64. it would be imported into VirtualBox together with the optional command line options to influence the import behavior As an example here is the screen output with a sample appliance containing a Windows XP guest VBoxManage import WindowsXp ovf dry run Interpreting WindowsXp ovf OK Virtual system 0 0 Suggested OS type WindowsXP change with vsys 0 ostype lt type gt use list ostypes to list all 1 Suggested VM name Windows XP Professional 1 change with vsys 0 vmname lt name gt 3 Number of CPUs ignored 1 4 Guest memory 956 MB change with vsys 0 memory lt MB gt 5 Sound card appliance expects ensoniq1371 can change on import disable with vsys 0 unit 5 ignore 6 USB controller disable with vsys 0 unit 6 ignore 7 Network adapter orig bridged config 2 extra type bridged 8 Floppy disable with vsys 0 unit 8 ignore 9 SCSI controller type BusLogic change with vsys 0 unit 9 scsitype BusLogic LsiLogic disable with vsys 0 unit 9 ignore 10 IDE controller type PIIX4 disable with vsys 0 unit 10 ignore 11 Hard disk image source image WindowsXp vmdk target path home user disks WindowsXp vmdk controller 9 channel 0 change controller with vsys 0 unit 11 controller lt id gt disable with vsys 0 unit 11 ignore As you can see the individual configuration items are numbered and depending on their ty
65. kept for a virtual machine firmware efi bios Specifies which firmware is used to boot particular virtual machine EFI or BIOS Use EFI only if your fully understand what you re doing 8 5 2 Networking settings The following networking settings are available through VBoxManage modifyvm nic 1 N none null nat bridged intnet hostonly With this you can set for each of the VM s virtual network cards what type of net working should be available They can be not present none not connected to the host nu11 use network address translation nat bridged networking bridged or communicate with other virtual machines using internal network ing intnet or host only networking hostonly These options correspond to the modes which are described in detail in chapter 6 2 Introduction to net working modes page 86 nictype 1 N Am79C970A Am79C973 82540EM This allows you for each of the VM s virtual network cards to specify which networking hardware VirtualBox presents to the guest see chapter 6 1 Virtual networking hardware page 85 cableconnected 1 N on off This allows you to temporarily discon nect a virtual network interface as if a network cable had been pulled from a real network card This might be useful for resetting certain software compo nents in the VM With the nictrace options you can optionally trace network traffic by dumping it to a file for debugging purposes With nictr
66. modifications to it including all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files scripts used to control compilation and installation of an Executable or source code differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another well known available Covered Code of the Contributor s choice The Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form provided the appropriate decompression or de archiving software is widely available for no charge 1 12 You or Your means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under and complying with all of the terms of this License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6 1 For legal entities You includes any entity which controls is controlled by or is under common control with You For purposes of this definition control means a the power direct or indirect to cause the direction or management of such entity whether by contract or otherwise or b ownership of more than fifty percent 50 of the outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity 2 SOURCE CODE LICENSE 2 1 The Initial Developer Grant The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world wide royalty free non exclusive license subject to third party intellectual property claims a under intellectual property rights other than patent or trademark Licensable by Initial Developer to use reproduce modify display perform sublicense and distribu
67. module e g the Additions are not installed or not running or the guest did not respond within a timeout the not reacted status will be returned 9 5 Secure labeling with VBoxSDL When running guest operating systems in fullscreen mode the guest operating system usually has control over the whole screen This could present a security risk as the guest operating system might fool the user into thinking that it is either a different 137 9 Advanced topics system which might have a higher security level or it might present messages on the screen that appear to stem from the host operating system In order to protect the user against the above mentioned security risks the secure labeling feature has been developed Secure labeling is currently available only for VBoxSDL When enabled a portion of the display area is reserved for a label in which a user defined message is displayed The label height in set to 20 pixels in VBoxSDL The label font color and background color can be optionally set as hexadecimal RGB color values The following syntax is used to enable secure labeling VBoxSDL startvm VMNAME securelabel seclabelfnt fonts arial ttf seclabelsiz 14 seclabelfgcol 00FF00 seclabelbgcol OOFFFF In addition to enabling secure labeling a TrueType font has to be supplied To use another font size than 12 point use the parameter seclabelsiz The label text can be set with VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxSDL
68. new ones Attempting to install new Guest Additions without removing the existing ones is not possible 4 6 OS 2 Guest Additions VirtualBox also ships with a set of drivers that improve running OS 2 in a virtual machine Due to restrictions of OS 2 itself this variant of the Guest Additions has a limited feature set see chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 for details The OS 2 Guest Additions are provided on the same ISO CD ROM as those for the other platforms As a result mount the ISO in OS 2 as described previously The OS 2 Guest Additions are located in the directory 132bit1082 As we do not provide an automatic installer at this time please refer to the readme txt file in that directory which describes how to install the OS 2 Guest Additions manually 4 7 Folder sharing Shared folders allow you to access files of your host system from within the guest system much like ordinary shares on Windows networks would except that shared folders do not need require networking Shared folders must physically reside on 68 4 Guest Additions the host and are then shared with the guest sharing is accomplished using a special service on the host and a file system driver for the guest both of which are provided by VirtualBox In order to use this feature the VirtualBox Guest Additions have to be installed Note however that Shared Folders are only supported with Windows 2000 or newer Linux and Solaris guests To share a host
69. not exist yet Here is an example of mounting the shared folder for the user jack on Open Solaris id uid 5000 jack gid 1 other mkdir export home jack mount Spfexec mount F vboxfs o uid 5000 gid 1 jackshare export home jack mount cd mount 1s sharedfilel mp3 sharedfile2 txt Beyond the standard options supplied by the mount command the following are available iocharset CHARSET to set the character set used for I O operations utf8 by default and convertcp CHARSET to specify the character set used for the shared folder name utf8 by default The generic mount options documented in the mount manual page apply also Especially useful are the options uid gid and mode as they allow access by normal users in read write mode depending on the settings even if root has mounted the filesystem 70 4 Guest Additions 4 8 Seamless windows With the seamless windows feature of VirtualBox you can have the windows that are displayed within a virtual machine appear side by side next to the windows of your host This feature is supported for the following guest operating systems provided that the Guest Additions are installed e Windows guests support added with VirtualBox 1 5 e Linux or Solaris OpenSolaris guests with an X org server version 1 3 or higher support added with VirtualBox 1 6 The exception is Fedora 9 due to a bug in its X server After seamless windows are enabled
70. of warranty support indemnity or liability terms You offer 3 6 Distribution of Executable Versions You may distribute Covered Code in Exe cutable form only if the requirements of Section 3 1 3 5 have been met for that Cov ered Code and if You include a notice stating that the Source Code version of the Covered Code is available under the terms of this License including a description of how and where You have fulfilled the obligations of Section 3 2 The notice must be conspicuously included in any notice in an Executable version related documentation 252 14 Third party licenses or collateral in which You describe recipients rights relating to the Covered Code You may distribute the Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license of Your choice which may contain terms different from this License provided that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient s rights in the Source Code version from the rights set forth in this License If You distribute the Executable version under a different license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ from this License are offered by You alone not by the Initial Developer or any Contributor You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of
71. one processor symmetrical multiprocessing SMP some configurations of Windows guests crash with an 0x101 error message indicating a timeout for inter processor interrupts IPIs These interrupts synchronize memory management between processors According to Microsoft this is due to a race condition in Windows A hotfix is available If this does not help please reduce the number of virtual processors to 1 11 2 3 Windows 2000 installation failures When installing Windows 2000 guests you might run into one of the following issues e Installation reboots usually during component registration e Installation fills the whole hard disk with empty log files e Installation complains about a failure installing msgina dll lSee http support microsoft com kb 955076 153 11 Troubleshooting These problems are all caused by a bug in the hard disk driver of Windows 2000 After issuing a hard disk request there is a race condition in the Windows driver code which leads to corruption if the operation completes too fast i e the hardware in terrupt from the IDE controller arrives too soon With physical hardware there is a guaranteed delay in most systems so the problem is usually hidden there however it should be possible to reproduce it on physical hardware as well In a virtual environ ment it is possible for the operation to be done immediately especially on very fast systems with multiple CPUs and the interrupt is signaled so
72. operating systems are fully supported with Guest Additions by VirtualBox The VirtualBox Guest Additions for all supported guest operating systems are pro vided as a single CD ROM image file which is called VBoxGuestAdditions iso This image file is located in the installation directory of VirtualBox To install the Guest Additions for a particular VM you mount this ISO file in your VM as a virtual CD ROM and install from there The Guest Additions offer the following features Mouse pointer integration To overcome the limitations for mouse support that were described in chapter 1 6 1 1 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse page 21 this provides you with seamless mouse support You will only have one mouse pointer and pressing the Host key is no longer required to free the mouse from being captured by the guest OS To make this work a special mouse driver is installed in the guest that communicates with the real mouse driver on your host and moves the guest mouse pointer accordingly Better video support While the virtual graphics card which VirtualBox emulates for any guest operating system provides all the basic features the custom video drivers that are installed with the Guest Additions provide you with extra high and non standard video modes as well as accelerated video performance In addition with Windows and recent Linux Solaris and OpenSolaris guests if the Guest Additions are installed you can resize the virtu
73. or disable ACPI support at installation time AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface the interface that supports SATA devices such as hard disks See chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCI SCSI page 76 AMD V The hardware virtualization features built into modern AMD processors See chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 API Application Programming Interface APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller a newer version of the original PC PIC programmable interrupt controller Most modern CPUs contain an on chip APIC local APIC Many systems also contain an I O APIC input output APIC as a separate chip which provides more than 16 IRQs Windows 2000 and higher use a different kernel if they detect an I O APIC during installation Therefore an I O APIC must not be removed after installation ATA Advanced Technology Attachment an industry standard for hard disk inter faces synonymous with IDE See chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCD SCSI page 76 B BIOS Basic Input Output System the firmware built into most personal computers which is responsible of initializing the hardware after the computer has been turned on and then booting an operating system VirtualBox ships with its own virtual BIOS that runs when a virtual machine is started 274 Glossary C COM Microsoft Component Object Model a programming infrastructure for modular s
74. player inside your VM uses 2D video overlays to play a movie clip then VirtualBox will attempt to use your host s video acceleration hardware instead of performing overlay stretching and color con version in software which would be slow This currently works for Windows Linux and Mac host platforms provided that your host operating system can make use of 2D video acceleration in the first place The 2D video acceleration currently has the following preconditions 1 It is only available for Windows guests XP or later 2 The Guest Additions must be installed 3 Because 2D support is still experimental at this time it is disabled by default and must be manually enabled in the VM settings see chapter 3 3 General settings page 46 Technically VirtualBox implements this by exposing video overlay DirectDraw capa bilities in the guest video driver The driver sends all overlay commands to the host through a special communication tunnel implemented by VirtualBox in order for the host to perform the requested 2D operations via the host s programming interfaces 4 11 Guest properties Starting with version 2 1 VirtualBox allows for requesting certain properties from a running guest provided that the VirtualBox Guest Additions are installed and the VM is running This is good for two things 1 A number of predefined VM characteristics are automatically maintained by VirtualBox and can be retrieved on the host e g to monitor
75. prctl r n project max sem ids v 2048 pid of VBoxSVC 9 10 Using serial ports Starting with version 1 4 VirtualBox provided support for virtual serial ports which at the time was rather complicated to set up with a sequence of VBoxManage 140 9 Advanced topics setextradata statements Since version 1 5 that way of setting up serial ports is no longer necessary and deprecated To set up virtual serial ports use the methods now described in chapter 3 10 Serial ports page 55 Note For backwards compatibility the old setextradata statements whose description is retained below from the old version of the manual take precedence over the new way of configuring serial ports As a result if config uring serial ports the new way doesn t work make sure the VM in question does not have old configuration data such as below still active The old sequence of configuring a serial port used the following 6 commands VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices serial 0 Config IRQ 4 VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices serial 0 Config IOBase 0x3f8 VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices serial 0 LUNF0 Driver Char VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices serial 0 LUN 0 AttachedDriver Driver NamedPipe VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices serial 0 LUN 0 AttachedDriver Config Location NN NpipeNvboxCOMI VBoxManage setextradata YourVM
76. program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program 238 14 Third party licenses You may charge a fee for the p
77. see below VirtualBox suppresses the display of the Desktop background of your guest allowing you to run the windows of your guest operating system seamlessly next to the windows of your host A miaon res stem BG SOSA A M c noto neris MENO MIENNE o ial Mozilla Firefox Startseite Mozilla Firefox Ele Edt Yew History Bookmarks Jools Help q e E LS IGI remo aooate dertretoxrchient freto Firefox Start r Firefox Start Google Wob Bida Tie Dk Vew Paroles Tods Heb ad O D P Asan E roes D 1d voice Tea sla reos Startasite Mozila fos il computer To enable seamless mode after starting the virtual machine press the Host key nor mally the right control key together with L This will enlarge the size of the VM s display to the size of your host screen and mask out the guest operating system s back ground To go back to the normal VM display i e to disable seamless windows press the Host key and L again The X server version is not the same as the version of the entire X org suite You can type X version in a terminal to find out about the X org server version level that is currently installed 71 4 Guest Additions 4 9 Hardware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 The VirtualBox Guest Additions contain experimental hardware 3D support for Win dows Linux and Solaris guests With this feature if an ap
78. settings ll 53 3 8 Audio setings cc eee eee ee Se ENO eR ba ee eS 54 Oo Network setings oe e ea ee a we wea Bm ee FH ee hk oe 54 3 10 Serial porte ooo de sede ee aaa eee tee eeidaaa 55 ALL USE Support Gone we eee uc ERO eee ek RR xoxo eS 56 JILI USB SENES 26522 3993 ras a 56 3 11 2 Implementation notes for Windows and Linux hosts 58 212 Shared faldem fk kik oa a X SR REOR Re Ri Rd 58 3 13 Alternative firmware EFD 00000 eee eens 58 4 Guest Additions 60 AL UMNO ooo Ke ghee ag eee Oe oo SEES Dw os 60 2 ER c D MEER we A ee ee ee bes 61 4 3 Windows Guest Additions 0000 ee eee eee 62 4 3 1 Installing the Windows Guest Additions 62 4 3 2 Updating the Windows Guest Additions 63 4 3 8 Unattended Installation llle een 64 4 3 4 Manual file extraction llle 64 4 3 5 Windows Vista networking llle 64 4 4 Linux Guest Additions a 65 4 4 1 Installing the Linux Guest Additions 65 4 4 2 Video acceleration and high resolution graphics modes 66 4 4 3 Updating the Linux Guest Additions 67 4 5 Solaris Guest Additions ee eee 67 4 5 1 Installing the Solaris Guest Additions 67 4 5 2 Uninstalling the Solaris Guest Additions 68 4 5 3 Updating the Solaris Guest Additions 68 4 6 OS 2 Guest Additions gt oec cers ratare ellen 6
79. specification use e g NN MPhysicalDriveO On a Mac OS X host instead of the above device speci fication use e g dev disk1 Note that on OS X you can only use partitions which are not mounted eject the respective volume first Partition numbers are the same on Linux Windows and Mac OS X hosts The numbers for the list of partitions can be taken from the output of VBoxManage internalcommands listpartitions rawdisk dev sda The output lists the partition types and sizes to give the user enough information to identify the partitions necessary for the guest Images which give access to individual partitions are specific to a particular host disk setup You cannot transfer these images to another host also whenever the host partitioning changes the image must be recreated Creating the image requires read write access for the given device Read write access is also later needed when using the image from a virtual machine If this is not feasible there is a special variant for raw partition access currently only available on Linux hosts that avoids having to give the current user access to the entire disk To set up such an image use 143 9 Advanced topics VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk filename path to file vmdk rawdisk dev sda partitions 1 5 relative When used from a virtual machine the image will then refer not to the entire disk but only to the individual partitions in the example dev sda1 and dev sda5
80. start even with unavailable CD DVD floppy devices When on VM startup a CD DVD or floppy device is unavailable VirtualBox by default prints an error message and refuses to start the virtual machine In some situations this behavior is not desirable The behavior can be changed for the CD DVD drive with the following configuration change command VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 LUN 2 Config AttachFailError 0 The equivalent command for the floppy drive is VBoxManage setextradata YourVM VBoxInternal Devices i82078 0 LUN 0 Config AttachFailError 0 144 9 Advanced topics You will still get a warning message that a device is not available Some guest oper ating systems may show strange behavior when using saved state or snapshots espe cially if a previously mounted medium is no longer available when the virtual machine is resumed 9 13 Fine tuning the VirtualBox NAT engine 9 13 1 Configuring the address of a NAT network interface In NAT mode the guest network interface is assigned to the IPv4 range 10 0 x 0 24 by default where x corresponds to the instance of the NAT interface 2 of that VM So x is 2 if there is only once NAT instance active In that case the guest is assigned to the address 10 0 2 15 the gateway is set to 10 0 2 2 and the name server can be found at 10 0 2 3 If for any reason the NAT network needs to be changed this can be achieved with the following command
81. state of the machine When you click on the Close button of your virtual machine window at the top right of the window just like you would close any other window on your system or press the Host key together with Q VirtualBox asks you whether you want to save or power off the VM 0 Send the shutdown signal Power off the machine Help OK Cancel The difference between these three options is crucial They mean e Save the machine state With this option VirtualBox freezes the virtual ma chine by completely saving its state to your local disk When you later resume the VM by again clicking the Start button in the VirtualBox main window you will find that the VM continues exactly where it was left off All your programs will still be open and your computer resumes operation Saving the state of a virtual machine is thus in some ways similar to suspending a laptop computer e g by closing its lid Send the shutdown signal This will send an ACPI shutdown signal to the vir tual machine which has the same effect as if you had pressed the power button on a real computer So long as a fairly modern operating system is installed and running in the VM this should trigger a proper shutdown mechanism in the VM Power off the machine With this option VirtualBox also stops running the virtual machine but without saving its state This is equivalent to pulling the power plug on a
82. target unavailable iSCSI fixed possible crash when pausing the VM 3D support added missing GL MAX TEXTURE COORDS ARB bug 3246 Windows Additions fixed ERROR e0000101 error during installation bug 1923 Windows Additions fixed Windows Explorer hang when browsing shared folders with 64 bit guests bug 2225 Windows Additions fixed guest screen distortions during a video mode change Windows Additions fixed the Network drive not connected message for mapped shared folders drives after the guest startup bug 3157 Linux Additions fixed occasional file corruption when writing files in O APPEND mode to a shared folder bug 2844 Linux Additions the mouse driver was not properly set up on X Org release candidates bug 3212 Linux Additions fixed installer to work with openSUSE 11 1 bug 3213 Linux Additions disable dynamic resizing if the X server is configured for fixed resolutions Linux Solaris Additions handle virtual resolutions properly which are larger than the actual guest resolution bug 3096 12 12 Version 2 1 2 2009 01 21 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added e USB Linux host support fixes bug 3136 e VMM fixed guru meditation for PAE guests on non PAE hosts AMD V e VMM fixed guru meditation on Mac OS X hosts when using VT x 185 12 Change log VMM allow running up to 1023 VMs on 64 bit hosts used to be 127 VMM several FreeBSD guest relat
83. testing and not yet supported 101 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines 7 4 6 RDP encryption RDP features data stream encryption which is based on the RC4 symmetric cipher with keys up to 128bit The RC4 keys are being replaced in regular intervals every 4096 packets RDP provides three different authentication methods 1 Historically RDP4 authentication was used with which the RDP client does not perform any checks in order to verify the identity of the server it connects to Since user credentials can be obtained using a man in the middle MITM attack RDP4 authentication is insecure and should generally not be used 2 RDP5 1 authentication employs a server certificate for which the client possesses the public key This way it is guaranteed that the server possess the correspond ing private key However as this hard coded private key became public some years ago RDP5 1 authentication is also insecure and cannot be recommended 3 RDP5 2 authentication is based on TLS 1 0 with customer supplied certificates The server supplies a certificate to the client which must be signed by a certificate authority CA that the client trusts for the Microsoft RDP Client 5 2 the CA has to be added to the Windows Trusted Root Certificate Authorities database VirtualBox allows you to supply your own CA and server certificate and uses OpenSSL for encryption While VirtualBox supports all of the above only RDP5 2 authenti
84. the logo vms runningvms ostypes hostdvds hostfloppies bridgedifs dhcpservers hostinfo hostcpuids hddbackends hdds dvds floppies usbhost usbfilters systemproperties uuid name details statistics machinereadable filename uuid name delete name lt name gt ostype lt ostype gt register basefolder path settingsfile lt path gt uuid uuid uuid name name lt name gt ostype lt ostype gt memory lt memorysize in MB gt vram lt vramsize in MB gt acpi onloff ioapic onloff pae onloff hwvirtex on off nestedpaging onloff vtxvpid onloff cpuidset leaf eax lt ebx gt lt ecx gt lt edx gt cpuidremove lt leaf gt cpuidremoveall cpus number monitorcount lt number gt accelerate3d on off firmware bios efi 103 VBoxManage import VBoxManage export 8 VBoxManage reference bioslogofadein on off bioslogofadeout onloff bioslogodisplaytime lt msec gt bioslogoimagepath lt imagepath gt biosbootmenu disabled menuonly messageandmenu biossystemtimeoffset lt msec gt biospxedebug onloff boot 1 4 none floppyldvd disk net nic 1 N none null nat bridged intnet nictype 1 N Am79C970A Am79C973 cableconnected 1 N on off nictrace 1 N on off nictracefile 1 N lt filename gt nicspeed 1 N lt kbps gt bridg
85. to replug devices for VirtualBox to claim them On newer Linux hosts VirtualBox accesses USB devices through special files in the file system When VirtualBox is installed these are made available to all users in the vboxusers system group In order to be able to access USB from guest systems make sure that you are a member of this group On older Linux hosts USB devices are accessed using the usbfs file system There fore the user executing VirtualBox needs read and write permission to the USB file system Most distributions provide a group e g usbusers which the VirtualBox user needs to be added to Also VirtualBox can only proxy to virtual machines USB devices which are not claimed by a Linux host USB driver The Driver en try in proc bus usb devices will show you which devices are currently claimed Please refer to chapter 11 5 7 USB not working page 160 also for details about usbfs 3 12 Shared folders Shared folders allow you to easily exchange data between a virtual machine and your host This feature requires that the VirtualBox Guest Additions be installed in a virtual machine and is described in detail in chapter 4 7 Folder sharing page 68 3 13 Alternative firmware EFI Starting with release 3 1 VirtualBox includes experimental support for the Extended Firmware Interface EFI which is a new industry standard intended to eventually 58 3 Configuring virtual machines replace the legacy BIOS as the primary int
86. using bridged networking Solaris hosts fixed a potential host system deadlock when CPUs were onlined or offlined Solaris hosts installer added missing dependency for UTF 8 package bug 4899 Linux hosts don t crash on Linux PAE kernels lt 2 6 11 in particular RHEL CentOS 4 disable VT x on Linux kernels lt 2 6 13 bug 1842 168 12 Change log Linux Solaris hosts correctly detect keyboards with fewer keys than usual bug 4799 Mac OS X hosts prevent password dialogs in 32 bits Snow Leopard Python WS fixed issue with certain enumerations constants having wrong values in Python webservices bindings Python API several threading and platform issues fixed Python shell added exportVM command Python shell various improvements and bugfixes Python shell corrected detection of home directory in remote case OVF fixed XML comment handling that could lead to parser errors Main fixed a rare parsing problem with port numbers of USB device filters in machine settings XML Main restrict guest RAM size to 1 5 GB 32 bits Windows hosts only Main fixed possible hang during guest reboot bug 3792 GUI fixed rare crash when removing the last disk from the media manager bug 4795 VBoxManage fixed guestpropert y for Mac OS X hosts bug 3806 VBoxManage fixed setting guest properties with flags or flags Webservice fixed a severe memory leak at least on platforms using XPCOM Serial fixed host mode Solaris
87. version of the License You may always continue to use it under the terms of that version You may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms of any subse quent version of the License published by Netscape No one other than Netscape has the right to modify the terms applicable to Covered Code created under this License 6 3 Derivative Works If You create or use a modified version of this License which you may only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered Code gov erned by this License You must a rename Your license so that the phrases Mozilla MOZILLAPL MOZPL Netscape MPL NPL or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license except to note that your license differs from this Li cense and b otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license contains terms which differ from the Mozilla Public License and Netscape Public License Filling in the name of the Initial Developer Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License 7 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY 253 14 Third party licenses COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN AS IS BASIS WITH OUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF DE FECTS MERCHANTABLE FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGING THE ENTIR
88. virtual machines to access the USB devices on your host di rectly To achieve this VirtualBox presents the guest operating system with a virtual USB controller As soon as the guest system starts using a USB device it will appear as unavailable on the host 56 3 Configuring virtual machines Note 1 Be careful with USB devices that are currently in use on the host For example if you allow your guest to connect to your USB hard disk that is currently mounted on the host when the guest is activated it will be disconnected from the host without a proper shutdown This may cause data loss 2 Solaris hosts have a few known limitations regarding USB support please see chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 In addition to allowing a guest access to your local USB devices VirtualBox even allows your guests to connect to remote USB devices by use of the VRDP protocol For details about this see chapter 7 4 4 Remote USB page 100 In the Settings dialog you can first configure whether USB is available in the guest at all and in addition also optionally enable the USB 2 0 EHCI controller for the guest If so you can determine in detail which devices are available For this you must create so called filters by specifying certain properties of the USB device Clicking on the button to the right of the USB Device Filters window creates a new filter You can give the filter a name for referencing it la
89. what audio driver VirtualBox will use on the host On a Linux host depending on your host configuration you can also select between the OSS ALSA or the PulseAudio subsystem On newer Linux distributions Fedora 8 and above Ubuntu 8 04 and above the PulseAudio subsystem should be preferred 3 9 Network settings The Network section in a virtual machine s Settings window allows you to configure how VirtualBox presents virtual network cards to your VM and how they operate When you first create a virtual machine VirtualBox by default enables one virtual network card and selects the Network Address Translation NAT mode for it This way the guest can connect to the outside world using the host s networking and the outside world can connect to services on the guest which you choose to make visible outside of the virtual machine Note If you are installing Windows Vista in a virtual machine you will proba bly have no networking initially See chapter 4 3 5 Windows Vista networking page 64 for instructions how to solve this problem In most cases this default setup will work fine for you However VirtualBox is extremely flexible in how it can virtualize networking It supports up to eight virtual network cards per virtual machine the first four of which can be configured in detail in the graphical user interface All eight network cards can be configured on the command line with VBoxManage Because of this we have
90. when the VM is reset Also the credentials are write only i e there is no way to retrieve the credentials from the host side Credentials can be reset from the host side by setting empty values Depending on the particular variant of the Windows guest the following restrictions apply 1 For Windows XP guests the logon subsystem needs to be configured to use the classic logon dialog as the VirtualBox GINA module does not support the XP style welcome dialog 2 For Windows Vista and Windows 7 guests the logon subsystem does not sup port the so called Secure Attention Sequence CTRL ALT DEL As a result the guest s group policy settings need to be changed to not use the Secure Attention Sequence The following command forces VirtualBox to keep the credentials after they were read by the guest and on VM reset VBoxManage setextradata Windows XP VBoxInternal Devices VMMDev 0 Config KeepCredentials 1 Note that this is a potential security risk as a malicious application running on the guest could request this information using the proper interface 9 3 Automated Windows system preparation Beginning with Windows NT 4 0 Microsoft has offered a system preparation tool in short Sysprep to prepare a Windows system for deployment or redistribution 134 9 Advanced topics Whereas Windows 2000 and XP shipped with Sysprep on the installation media the tool also is available for download on the Microsoft web site In
91. with their respective values use this VBoxManage guestproperty enumerate Windows Vista III VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3 1 0 C 2005 2009 Sun Microsystems Inc All rights reserved Name VirtualBox GuestInfo OS Product value Windows Vista Business Edition timestamp 1229098278843087000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo OS Release value 6 0 6001 timestamp 1229098278950553000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo OS ServicePack value 1 timestamp 1229098279122627000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd InstallDir value C Program Files Sun xVM VirtualBox Guest Additions timestamp 1229098279269739000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Revision value 40720 timestamp 1229098279345664000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Version value 3 1 0 timestamp 1229098279479515000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxControl exe value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279651731000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxHook dll value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279804835000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxDisp dll value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279880611000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxMRXNP dll value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279882618000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxService exe value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279883195000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxTray exe va
92. you can directly specify the register option to avoid having to register it separately The unregistervm command unregisters a virtual machine If delete is also specified then the XML definition file will be deleted 8 4 VBoxManage createvm This command creates a new XML virtual machine definition file 110 8 VBoxManage reference The name lt name gt parameter is required and must specify the name of the machine Since this name is used by default as the file name of the set tings file with the extension xml and the machine folder a subfolder of the VirtualBox Machines folder it must conform to your host operating system s requirements for file name specifications If the VM is later renamed the file and folder names will change automatically However if the basefolder path andthe settingsfile filename options are used the XML definition file will be given the name filename and the machine folder will be named path In this case the names of the file and the folder will not change if the virtual machine is renamed By default this command only creates the XML file without automatically registering the VM with your VirtualBox installation To register the VM instantly use the optional register option or run VBoxManage registervm separately afterwards 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm This command changes the properties of a registered virtual machine Most of the properties that this comm
93. 21 8 14 VBoxManage showhdinfo llle 122 8 15 VBoxManage createhd 2222s RR a 122 5 16 VBoxManage modifyhd ok o cos eo o Oe ee 123 8 17 VBoxManage clonehd o sa errero oer R3 124 8 18 VBoxManage convertfromraw e e 125 8 19 VBoxManage addiscsidisk o ooo a 125 8 20 VBoxManage getextradata setextradata 126 8 21 VBoxManagesetproperty cc o motos mo ee 127 8 22 VBoxManage usbfilter add modify remove 127 8 23 VBoxManage sharedfolder add remove 128 8 24 VBoxManas OLTRE s aa ook oko m m e RR Rh E ee E e us 128 8 25 VBoxManage ouesipraperty sor or m x Room o wow eS 129 9 26 VBoxManas dhepserWer so o areosa ooo ox ROS e e Rm a es 130 Advanced topics 132 9 1 VirtualBox configuration data llle 132 9 2 Automated Windows guest logons 133 9 3 Automated Windows system preparation sls 134 9 4 Custom external VRDP authentication lll 136 9 5 Secure labeling with VBoxSDL o o 137 9 6 Custom VESA resolutions o leen 139 9 7 Multiple monitors for the guest o llle 139 9 8 Releasing modifiers with VBoxSDL on Linux 140 9 9 Launching more than 120 VMs on Solaris hosts 140 9 10 Using serial ports om e444 45 084248 bP EERE 140 9 11 Using a raw host hard disk from a guest 141 9 11 1 A
94. 29 SATA error message when starting a VM with a VMDK connected to a SATA port bug 2182 SATA fixed Guru mediation when booting OpenSolaris 64 most likely applies to other guests as well bug 2292 Network don t crash when changing the adapter link state if no host driver is attached bug 2333 VHD fixed bug which prevents booting from VHD images bigger than 4GB bug 2085 VRDP fixed a repaint problem when the guest resolution was not equal to the client resolution 193 12 Change log Clipboard don t crash when host service initialization takes longer than ex pected Linux hosts only bug 2001 Windows hosts VBoxSVC exe crash bug 2212 Windows hosts VBoxSVC exe memory leak due to a Windows WMI memory leak Vista only bug 2242 Windows hosts VBoxSVC exe delays GUI startup Linux hosts handle jiffies counter overflow VM stuck after 300 seconds of host uptime bug 2247 Solaris hosts fixed host or guest side networking going stale while using host interface networking bug 2474 Solaris hosts added support for using unplumbed network interfaces and Cross bow Virtual Network Interfaces VNICs with host interface networking Solaris hosts reworked threading model improves performance for host inter face networking Windows Additions fixed crash when accessing deep directory structures in a shared folder Windows Additions improved shared folder name resolving bug 1728 Windows Addit
95. 4 4 Remote USB page 100 for details 1 3 Supported host operating systems Currently VirtualBox runs on the following host operating systems e Windows hosts Windows XP all service packs 32 bit Windows Server 2003 32 bit Windows Vista 32 bit and 64 bit Windows Server 2008 32 bit and 64 bit Windows 7 32 bit and 64 bit e Apple Mac OS X hosts Intel hardware is required all versions of Mac OS X supported please see chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 also e Linux hosts 32 bit and 64 bit Among others this includes Debian GNU Linux 3 1 sarge 4 0 etch and 5 0 lenny Fedora Core 4 to 11 Gentoo Linux Redhat Enterprise Linux 4 and 5 SUSE Linux 9 and 10 openSUSE 10 3 11 0 and 11 1 Ubuntu 6 06 Dapper Drake 6 10 Edgy Eft 7 04 Feisty Fawn 7 10 Gutsy Gibbon 8 04 Hardy Heron 8 10 Intrepid Ibex 9 04 Jaunty Jackalope 1Support for 64 bit Windows was added with VirtualBox 1 5 Preliminary Mac support beta stage was added with VirtualBox 1 4 full support with 1 6 3Support for 64 bit Linux was added with VirtualBox 1 4 14 1 First steps Mandriva 2007 1 2008 0 and 2009 1 It should be possible to use VirtualBox on most systems based on Linux kernel 2 6 using either the VirtualBox installer or by doing a manual installation see chapter 2 3 Installing on Linux hosts page 34 N
96. 49 Experimental 3D acceleration via OpenGL see chapter 4 9 Hardware 3D accel eration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 page 72 Experimental LsiLogic and BusLogic SCSI controllers see chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCD SCSI page 76 Full VMDK VHD support including snapshots see chapter 5 2 Disk image files VDI VMDK VHD page 78 New NAT engine with significantly better performance reliability and ICMP echo ping support bugs 1046 2438 2223 1247 New Host Interface Networking implementations for Windows and Linux hosts with easier setup replaces TUN TAP on Linux and manual bridging on Win dows In addition the following items were fixed and or added VMM significant performance improvements for VT x real mode execution VMM support for hardware breakpoints VT x and AMD V only bug 477 VMM VGA performance improvements for VI x and AMD V VMM Solaris and OpenSolaris guest performance improvements for AMD V Barcelona family CPUs only VMM fixed guru meditation while running the Dr Web virus scanner software virtualization only bug 1439 189 12 Change log VMM deactivate VI x and AMD V when the host machine goes into suspend mode reactivate when the host machine resumes Windows Mac OS X amp Linux hosts bug 1660 VMM fixed guest hangs when restoring VI x or AMD V saved states snapshots VMM fixed guru meditation when executing a one byte debug instruction VT x only bug
97. 6 3 6 Hard disk settings In the VM Settings window the Hard Disks section allows you to connect virtual hard disk images to your virtual machine 51 3 Configuring virtual machines Windows 7 beta Settings amp General Hard Disks System Display IDE Controller Type Hard Disks PIIX4 3 CD DVD ROM Enable Additional Controller E Floppy Audio EP Network Attachments 9 Serial Ports Slot Hard Disk a usa IDE Primary Master Windows 7 beta vdi Normal 20 00 e G Shared Folders e C Show Differencing Hard Disks Select a settings category from the list on the left side and move the mouse over a settings item to get more information 9 Hep 9 Cancel 2 ox As with a real PC VirtualBox by default offers you two IDE controllers each with a master and a slave connection With one of these four connectors being reserved to the CD ROM DVD drive see below that leaves you with three possible hard disks each represented by one disk image file You can select which IDE controller type VirtualBox should present to the virtual machine PIIX3 PIIX4 or ICH6 This should not make much of a difference but if you import a virtual machine from another virtualization product the operating system in that machine may expect a particular controller and crash if it isn t found In addition to the IDE controller VirtualBox can also present either an SATA or SCSI controller to the
98. 6 2008 08 26 197 12 20Version 1 6 4 2008 07 30 199 12 21Version 1 6 2 2008 05 28 200 12 22Version 1 6 0 2008 04 30 202 12 23Version 1 5 6 2008 02 19 ci eee ee wae 204 12 24Version 1 5 4 2007 12 29 206 12 25 Version 1 5 2 2007 10 18 occ ess eee om x REA 208 12 26Version 1 5 0 2007 08 31 e 210 12 27Version 1 4 0 2007 06 06 2252s RR 213 12 28Version 1 3 8 2007 03 14 216 12 29Version 1 3 6 2007 02 20 217 12 30Version 1 3 4 2007 02 12 218 12 31 Version 1 2 2 2007 01 15 uu euo a we we 219 12 32Version 1 2 4 2006 11 16 220 12 33 Version 1 2 2 2006 11 14 usd ess ERR ee x EEG 220 12 34Version 1 1 12 2006 11 14 221 12 35Wersion 1 1 10 2006 07 28 duda iro dee og x ms 222 12 36Version 1 1 8 2006 07 17 222 12 37Version 1 1 6 2006 04 18 223 Contents 12 38Version 1 1 4 2006 03 09 12 39Version 1 1 2 2006 02 03 12 40Version 10 50 2005 12 16 gt e eue RE ROG o o9 mom 12 41Version 1 0 48 2005 11 23 12 42Version 1 0 46 2005 11 04 12 43Version 1 0 44 2005 10 25 12 44
99. 8 A7 Pokler smog css a ada ee Ree eee RS 68 8 Contents 4 8 Seamless windows soo eer mom or ee ok oko d e Ege 4 9 Hardware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 4 10 Hardware 2D video acceleration for Windows guests 411 Guest properties esere oo o to eR rmm Rom xo o nm x 9 EORR Virtual storage 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCI SCSI 5 2 Disk image files VDI VMDK VHD o 00000 5 3 Configuring image write operations o rro 5 4 Differencing images 222 RR a ee 55 The Virtual Disk Manager 2 2222 ok oko RR 56 Cloning diik images 2259 age ROME UR RUEDA oS Bef GOD NL SEFVONS Lus ose bk a oo ow de ies Coe RR RUE GE EL due t Us 5 7 1 Access iSCSI targets via Internal Networking Virtual networking 6 1 Virtual networking hardware e 6 2 Introduction to networking modes o o o 6 3 Network Address Translation NAT 6 3 1 Configuring port forwarding with NAT 63 2 PXE booting wih NAT esate ee ee Rr 6 3 5 NAT limititions 2 42 4 40455485 oe ee ESSE ea 64 Bridged networking oec e e e be we m ES Go Intermal nebw rkidg cose ee x9 eR ER RR RR RUE X OK 6 6 Hostonly networking 9 99 3 99 RR x Alternative front ends remote virtual machines pl Inf duchol osos Gor PRX GPS he a S 7 2 Using VBoxManage to control virtual machines 7 3 VBoxSDL the simplified
100. ABLE FOR ANY DIRECT IN DIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SER VICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOW EVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 14 2 12 libxml license Except where otherwise noted in the source code e g the files hash c list c and the trio files which are covered by a similar licence but with different Copyright notices all the files are Copyright C 1998 2003 Daniel Veillard All Rights Reserved Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit per sons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software 260 14 Third party licenses THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTI
101. ARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHER WISE ARISING FROM OUT OF ORIN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE Except as contained in this notice the name of Daniel Veillard shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from him Licence for libexslt Copyright C 2001 2002 Thomas Broyer Charlie Bozeman and Daniel Veillard All Rights Reserved Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit per sons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT 261 14 Third party licenses IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT
102. B controller and allows you to connect arbitrary USB devices to your virtual machines with out having to install device specific drivers on the host USB support is not limited to certain device categories For details see chapter 3 11 1 USB settings page 56 Full ACPI support The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACPI is fully supported by VirtualBox This eases cloning of PC images from real machines or third party virtual machines into VirtualBox With its unique ACPI power status support VirtualBox can even report to ACPI aware guest operating systems the power status of the host For mobile systems running on battery the guest can thus enable energy saving and notify the user of the remaining power e g in fullscreen modes Multiscreen resolutions VirtualBox virtual machines support screen res olutions many times that of a physical screen allowing them to be spread over a large number of screens attached to the host system Built in iSCSI support This unique feature allows you to connect a vir tual machine directly to an iSCSI storage server without going through the host system The VM accesses the iSCSI target directly without the extra overhead that is required for virtualizing hard disks in container files For details see chapter 5 7 iSCSI servers page 83 PXE Network boot The integrated virtual network cards of VirtualBox fully support remote booting via the Preboot Execution Environment PXE e M
103. BoxManage controlvm lt vm gt reset has the same effect on a virtual ma chine as pressing the Reset button on a real computer a cold reboot of the virtual machine which will restart and boot the guest operating system again immediately The state of the VM is not saved beforehand and data may be lost This is equivalent to selecting the Reset item in the Machine menu of the GUI e VBoxManage controlvm lt vm gt poweroff has the same effect on a virtual machine as pulling the power cable on a real computer Again the state of the VM is not saved beforehand and data may be lost This is equivalent to selecting the Close item in the Machine menu of the GUI or pressing the window s close button and then selecting Power off the machine in the dialog After this the VM s state will be Powered off From there it can be started again see chapter 8 8 VBoxManage startvm page 117 e VBoxManage controlvm lt vm gt savestate will save the current state of the VM to disk and then stop the VM This is equivalent to selecting the Close item in the Machine menu of the GUI or pressing the window s close button and then selecting Save the machine state in the dialog After this the VM s state will be Saved From there it can be started again see chapter 8 8 VBoxManage startvm page 117 A few extra options are available with cont rolvm that do not directly affect the
104. BoxManage showvminfo fixed assertion for running VMs bug 2773 VBoxManage convertfromraw added parameter checking and made it de fault to creating VDI files fixed and documented format parameter bug 2776 VBoxManage clonehd fixed garbled output image when creating VDI files bug 2813 VBoxManage guestpropert y fixed property enumeration incorrect parame ters exception 187 12 Change log VHD fixed error when attaching certain container files bug 2768 Solaris hosts added support for serial ports bug 1849 Solaris hosts fix for Japanese keyboards bug 2847 Solaris hosts 32 bit and 64 bit versions now available as a single unified pack age Linux hosts don t depend on 1ibcap1 anymore bug 2859 Linux hosts kernel module compile fixes for 2 6 29 rc1 Linux hosts don t drop any capability if the VM was started by root 2 1 0 re gression Mac OS X hosts save the state of running or paused VMs when the host ma chine s battery reaches critical level Mac OS X hosts improved window resizing of the VM window Mac OS X hosts added GUI option to disable the dock icon realtime preview in the GUI to decrease the host CPU load when the guest is doing 3D Mac OS X hosts polished realtime preview dock icon Windows Additions fixed guest property and logging OS type detection for Win dows 2008 and Windows 7 Beta Windows Additions added support for Windows 7 Beta bugs 2995 3015 Windows Additions f
105. BoxManage storageattach VBoxManage storagectl 8 VBoxManage reference eula lt license text gt eulafile lt filename gt lt uuid gt lt name gt type guilsdl vrdp headless lt uuid gt lt name gt pause resume reset poweroff savestate acpipowerbutton acpisleepbutton keyboardputscancode hex lt hex gt l injectnmi setlinkstate lt 1 N gt on off usbattach lt uuid gt lt address gt usbdetach lt uuid gt lt address gt vrdp onloff vrdpport default lt ports gt setvideomodehint xres yres bpp display setcredentials username password domain allowlocallogon lt yes no gt teleport hostname lt name gt port port password password uuid name uuid name state file uuid name take name description desc pause delete lt uuid gt lt name gt restore lt uuid gt lt name gt edit lt uuid gt lt name gt current name lt name gt description lt desc gt showvminfo lt uuid gt lt name gt disk dvd floppy filename type normal immutable writethrough disk only disk dvd floppy lt uuid gt lt filename gt uuid vmname storagectl name port number device number type dvddrive hdd fdd medium none emptydrive uuid filename host drive passthrough lt on off gt forceunmount uuid vmname name l
106. E RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE IS WITH YOU SHOULD ANY COVERED CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT YOU NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LI CENSE NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER 8 TERMINATION 8 1 This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive any termination of this License Provisions which by their nature must remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall survive 8 2 If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent infringement claim excluding declaratory judgment actions against Initial Developer or a Contributor the Initial Developer or Contributor against whom You file such action is referred to as Partici pant alleging that a such Participant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent then any and all rights granted by such Participant to You under Sections 2 1 and or 2 2 of this License shall upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate prospectively unless if within 60 days after receipt of notice You either i agree in writin
107. E host mode 12 44 Version 1 0 42 2005 08 30 Note The configuration has to be deleted as the format has changed On Linux issue rm rf VirtualBox On Windows remove the directory C Documents and Set tings lt username gt VirtualBox If you fail to do so VirtualBox will not startup Note Guest Additions have to be updated USB added USB support for Windows hosts Network renamed TUN to Host Interface Networking and TAP on Linux Network added support for Host Interface Networking on Windows hosts Network added cable connected property to the virtual network cards Floppy added a virtual floppy drive to the VM and support for attaching floppy images and capturing host floppy drives DVD CD added host CD DVD drive support BIOS added boot order support Saved states made location configurable default global setting machine spe cific setting including VBoxManage command support VMM added support for host CPUs without FXSR e g Via Centaur VMM increased performance of Linux 2 6 guests VMM improved timing VMM fixed traps in XP guests with ACPI enabled VBoxManage added remote session start function tstHeadless has been re moved from the distribution 228 12 Change log VBoxManage restructured commands added numerous improvements GUI propagate hostkey change to all running instances GUI perform image access tests asynchronously GUI added boot order support GUI user interface redesi
108. ES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE 256 14 Third party licenses 14 2 5 X Consortium License X11 Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit per sons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE 14 2 6 zlib license This so
109. ES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHER WISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE Except as contained in this notice the name of Daniel Veillard shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from him 14 2 13 libxslt licenses Licence for libxslt except libexslt Copyright C 2001 2002 Daniel Veillard All Rights Reserved Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit per sons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILL
110. Folders browsable from Windows Explorer Windows guests Shared Folders stability fixes Windows guest Shared Folders case sensitivity fixes Windows guest and Linux host Audio fall back to the NULL audio driver if no voice could be opened NAT fixed crash Guest Additions reworked the shared clipboard for Linux hosts and guests based on user feedback about problems with individual applications Guest Additions don t allow to disable mouse pointer integration for Linux guests as an Xorg hardware mouse cursor cannot be turned into a software mouse Cursor Guest Additions Linux guests shipping Xorg 1 3 e g Fedora 7 Ubuntu Gutsy are now supported Guest Additions added DirectDraw support to the Windows display driver 212 12 Change log 12 27 Version 1 4 0 2007 06 06 General added support for OS X hosts General added support for AMD64 hosts General signed all executables and device drivers on Windows GUI added user interface for Shared Folders GUI added context menu for network adapters GUI added VM description field for taking notes GUI always restore guest mouse pointer when entering VM window Windows host GUI added configuration options for clipboard synchronization GUI improved keyboard handling on Linux hosts GUI added first run wizard GUI improved boot device order dialog GUI auto resize did not work after save restore GUI restore original window size when returning from fullscreen mode
111. Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Library does not specify a license version number you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 14 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision 248 14 Third party licenses will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 15 BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WAR RANTY FOR THE LIBRARY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EX CEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE L
112. HCI from the list below After this the additional controller will appear as a separate PCI device in the virtual machine Warning The entire SATA controller and the virtual disks attached to it in cluding those in IDE compatibility mode will only seen by operating systems that have device support for AHCI In particular there is no support for AHCI in Windows before Windows Vista Windows XP even SP2 will not see such disks unless you install additional drivers We therefore do not recommend installing operating systems on SATA disks at this time To change the IDE compatibility mode settings for the SATA controller please see chapter 8 13 VBoxManage storagectl storageattach page 120 In summary VirtualBox gives you the following categories of virtual hard disk slots 1 three slots attached to the traditional IDE controller which are always present plus one for the virtual CD ROM device 2 16 slots attached to the SCSI controller or 30 slots attached to the SATA con troller provided that your guest operating system can see it In the case of SATA these can either be a in IDE compatibility mode by default slots 0 3 or b in SATA mode 5 2 Disk image files VDI VMDK VHD Disk image files reside on the host system and are seen by the guest systems as hard disks of a certain geometry When creating an image its size needs to be specified which determines this fixed geometry It is therefore not po
113. HERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 14 2 15 2 COPYRIGHT LLNL file This Chromium distribution contains information and code which is covered under the following notice Copyright c 2002 The Regents of the University of California Produced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory For details contact Randall Frank rjfrank IInl gov UCRL CODE 2002 058 All rights reserved This file is part of Chromium For details see accompanying documentation Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the disclaimer below Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the disclaimer as noted below in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution Neither the name of the UC LLNL nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBU TORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OF
114. HETHER EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY IN CLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL ITY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ANY WARRANTY THAT MAY ARISE BY REASON OF TRADE USAGE CUSTOM OR COURSE OF DEALING WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS PRO VIDED AS IS AND THAT THE AUTHORS DO NOT WARRANT THE SOFTWARE WILL RUN UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE LIMITED LIABILITY THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS ASSUMED BY YOU UN DER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL IN DIRECT INCIDENTAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT WARRANTY TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATED TO THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED ON THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE OR IF SUCH DAMAGE COULD HAVE BEEN REASONABLY FORESEEN AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAIL URE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED SUCH LIM ITATION ON DAMAGES INCLUDES BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL LOST PROFITS LOSS OF DATA OR SOFTWARE WORK STOPPAGE COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OR IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER GOODS IN NO EVENT WILL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR THE COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE SOFTWARE OR SERVICES YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THIS SOFT WARE IS NOT DESIGNED FOR
115. Help OK Cancel F 4 ee VA e If you have downloaded installation media from the Internet in the form of an ISO image file most probably in the case of a Linux distribution you would normally burn this file to an empty CD or DVD and proceed as just described With VirtualBox however you can skip this step and mount the ISO file directly VirtualBox will then present this file as a CD or DVD ROM drive to the virtual machine much like it does with virtual hard disk images In this case in the settings dialog go to the CD DVD ROM section and select ISO image file This brings up the Virtual Disk Image Manager where you perform the following steps 1 Press the Add button to add your ISO file to the list of registered images This will present an ordinary file dialog that allows you to find your ISO file on your host machine 2 Back to the manager window select the ISO file that you just added and press the Select button This selects the ISO file for your VM The Virtual Disk Image Manager is described in detail in chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 1 9 Deleting virtual machines The Delete button in the main VirtualBox window lets you remove a virtual machine which you no longer need All settings for that machine will be lost However any hard disk images attached to the machine will be kept you can delete those separately using the Virtual Disk Manager see chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Mana
116. IBRARY AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 16 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MOD IFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CON SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING REN DERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 14 2 3 Mozilla Public License MPL MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1 1 1 Definitions 1 0 1 Commercial Use means distribution or otherwise making the Covered Code available to a third party 1 1 Contributor means each entity that creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications 1 2 Contributor Version means the combination of the Original Code prior Mod ifications used by a Contributor and the Modifications made
117. ISK_CACHE 1 VirtualBox While this will decrease guest disk performance especially writes it does not affect the performance of other applications running on the host 157 11 Troubleshooting 11 5 Linux hosts 11 5 1 Linux kernel module refuses to load If the VirtualBox kernel module vboxdrv refuses to load i e you get an Error in serting vboxdrv Invalid argument check as root the output of the dmesg command to find out why the load failed The most common reasons are e With Linux 2 6 19 and higher the NMI watchdog may be active Add nmi watchdog 0 to the kernel command line e g in your grub configu ration and reboot With the Debian and Ubuntu installation modules execute sudo dpkg reconfigure virtualbox again e The kernel disagrees about the version of the gcc used to compile the module Make sure that you use the same compiler as used to build the kernel 11 5 2 Linux host CD DVD drive not found If you have configured a virtual machine to use the host s CD DVD drive but this does not appear to work make sure that the current user has permission to access the corresponding Linux device file dev hdc or dev scd0 or dev cdrom or similar On most distributions the user must be added to a corresponding group usually called cdrom or cdrw 11 5 3 Linux host CD DVD drive not found older distributions On older Linux distributions if your CD DVD device has a different name VirtualBox may be unable to
118. Manage modifyhd again please see chapter 8 16 VBoxManage modifyhd page 123 Alternatively open an existing image in im mutable mode using VBoxManage openmedium see chapter 8 12 VBoxMan age openmedium closemedium page 120 3 Finally write through hard disks are like normal hard disks in that they fully support read and write operations However their state is not saved when a snapshot is taken and not restored when a VM s state is reverted To create a disk image in VDI format as write through use the VBoxManage createhd command see chapter 8 15 VBoxManage createhd page 122 To mark an existing image as write through use VBoxManage modifyhd see chapter 8 16 VBoxManage modifyhd page 123 To illustrate the differences between the various types with respect to snapshots Assume you have installed your guest operating system in your VM and you have taken a snapshot Imagine you have accidentally infected your VM with a virus and would like to go back to the snapshot With a normal hard disk image you simply revert the state of the VM and the earlier state of your hard disk image will be restored as well and your virus infection will be undone With an immutable hard disk irrespective of the snapshot all it takes is to shut down and restart your VM and the virus infection will be discarded With a write through image however you cannot easily undo the virus infection by means of virtualization but will have to d
119. No ACPI information battery status power source is reported to the guest No support for using wireless with bridged networking On Solaris 10 U4 zones are not supported e Guest Additions for OS 2 Shared folders are not yet supported with OS 2 guests In addition seamless windows and automatic guest resizing will prob ably never be implemented due to inherent limitations of the OS 2 graphics system 234 14 Third party licenses VirtualBox incorporates materials from several Open Source software projects There fore the use of these materials by VirtualBox is governed by different Open Source licenses This document reproduces these licenses and provides a list of the materials used and their respective licensing conditions Section 1 contains a list of the materials used Section 2 reproduces the applicable Open Source licenses For each material a reference to its license is provided 14 1 Materials VirtualBox contains portions of QEMU which is governed by the licenses in chap ter 14 2 5 X Consortium License X11 page 257 and chapter 14 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL page 242 and C 2003 2005 Fabrice Bellard Copyright C 2004 2005 Vassili Karpov malc Copyright c 2004 Antony T Curtis Copyright C 2003 Jocelyn Mayer VirtualBox contains code which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 5 X Consortium License X11 page 257 and Copyright 2004 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
120. ON OF THIS LICENSE This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Code 6 VERSIONS OF THE LICENSE 6 1 New Versions Grantor may publish revised and or new versions of the License from time to time Each version will be given a distinguishing version number 6 2 Effect of New Versions Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version of the License You may always continue to use it under the terms of that version You may also 265 14 Third party licenses choose to use such Covered Code under the terms of any subsequent version of the License 6 3 Derivative Works If You create or use a modified version of this License which you may only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered Code governed by this License You must a rename Your license so that the phrase gSOAP or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license except to note that your license differs from this License and b otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license contains terms which differ from the gSOAP Public License Filling in the name of the Initial Developer Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License 7 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN AS IS BASIS WITH OUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND W
121. ON WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE 270 14 Third party licenses 14 2 16 curl license COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE Copyright c 1996 2009 Daniel Stenberg daniel haxx se All rights reserved Permission to use copy modify and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE Except as contained in this notice the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder 271 15 VirtualBox privacy policy Policy version 1 3 June 29 2009 This privacy policy sets out how Sun Microsystems Inc Sun treats personal information related to the virtualbox org website and the VirtualBox registration pro cess 1 virtualbox org The virtualbox org
122. OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WAR RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUEN TIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTI TUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS IN TERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTH ERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE The licence and distribution terms for any publicly available version or derivative of this code cannot be changed i e this code cannot simply be copied and put under another distribution licence including the GNU Public Licence 14 2 8 Slirp license Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software m
123. P interfaces and bridges which was complex and varied from one distribution to the next None of this is necessary anymore Bridged network was formerly called Host Interface Networking and has been renamed with version 2 2 without any change in functionality 89 6 Virtual networking list at the bottom of the page which contains the physical network interfaces of your systems On a typical MacBook for example this will allow you to select between en1 AirPort which is the wireless interface and enO Ethernet which represents the interface with a network cable Depending on your host operating system the following limitations should be kept in mind e On Macintosh hosts functionality is limited when using AirPort the Mac s wire less networking for bridged networking Currently VirtualBox supports only IPv4 over AirPort For other protocols such as IPv6 and IPX you must choose a wired interface On Linux hosts functionality is limited when using wireless interfaces for bridged networking Currently VirtualBox supports only IPv4 over wireless For other protocols such as IPv6 and IPX you must choose a wired interface Also setting the MTU to less than 1500 bytes on wired interfaces provided by the sky2 driver on the Marvell Yukon II EC Ultra Ethernet NIC is known to cause packet losses under certain conditions On Solaris hosts there is no support for using wireless interfaces Filtering guest traffic using I
124. PFilter is also not completely supported due to technical restrictions of the Solaris networking subsystem These issues would be addressed in a future release of OpenSolaris With VirtualBox 2 0 4 and above it is possible to use Crossbow Virtual Network Interfaces VNICs with bridged networking but with the following caveats A VNIC cannot be shared between multiple guest network interfaces i e each guest network interface must have its own exclusive VNIC The VNIC and the guest network interface that uses the VNIC must be as signed identical MAC addresses 6 5 Internal networking Internal Networking is similar to bridged networking in that the VM can directly com municate with the outside world However the outside world is limited to other VMs which connect to the same internal network Even though technically everything that can be done using internal networking can also be done using bridged networking there are two good reasons why this additional mode was implemented 1 Security In bridged networking mode all traffic goes through a physical inter face of the host system It is therefore possible to attach a packet sniffer such as Wireshark to the host interface and log all traffic that goes over it If for 90 6 Virtual networking any reason you prefer two or more VMs on the same machine to communi cate privately hiding their data from both the host system and the user bridged networking there
125. QUEN TIAL DAMAGES SO THIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU 10 U S GOVERNMENT END USERS 11 MISCELLANEOUS 12 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS As between Initial Developer and the Contributors each party is responsible for claims and damages arising directly or indirectly out of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial Developer and Contributors to dis tribute such responsibility on an equitable basis Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability EXHIBIT A 267 14 Third party licenses The contents of this file are subject to the gSOAP Public License Version 1 3 the License you may not use this file except in compliance with the License You may obtain a copy of the License at http www cs fsu edu engelen soaplicense html Software distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS basis WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND either express or implied See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the Li cense The Original Code of the gSOAP Software is stdsoap h stdsoap2 h stdsoap c stdsoap2 c stdsoap cpp stdsoap2 cpp soapcpp2 h soapcpp2 c soapcpp2 lex l soapcpp2 yacc y error2 h error2 c symbol2 c init2 c soapdoc2 html and soap doc2 pdf httpget h httpget c stl h stldeque h stllist h stlvector h stlset h The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Robert A van Enge
126. Rhen 159 Contents 11 5 7 USBnot working 2 49 be X UE Rmo ee a RES 160 115 8 PAx stseckermels o ccd ea a Rr TR 161 11 5 9 Linux kernel vmalloc pool exhausted 161 ILG Solanis ROSE o eo ad e a a e iak A a sa a a 161 11 6 1 Cannot start VM not enough contiguous memory 161 11 6 2 VM aborts with out of memory errors on Solaris 10 hosts 162 12 Change log 163 12 1 Version 3 1 0 Beta 1 2009 11 10 163 12 2 Version 3 0 10 2009 10 29 o 165 12 3 Version 20 8 2000 10 02 cion a a 166 12 4 Version 3 0 6 2009 09 09 168 12 5 Version 3 0 4 2009 08 04 171 12 6 Version 3 0 2 2009 07 10 172 12 7 Version 3 0 0 2009 06 30 ci RR ER Go Rs 174 12 8 Version 2 2 4 2009 05 29 177 12 9 Version 2 2 2 2009 04 27 178 12 10Version 2 2 0 2009 04 08 180 12 1 version 2 1 44 2009 02 TG 224r RR ER rr 183 12 12Wersiom 2 1 2 200980121 cc r rana c e OR RU YR oy 185 12 13Version 2 1 012008 12 17 s nue oomen RE 189 12 14Version 2 0 8 2009 03 10 191 12 15 Version 2 0 6 2008 11 21 ee oro o om 192 12 16Version 2 0 4 2008 10 24 193 12 17 Version 2 0 2 2008 09 12 sl ese ck zo oo eS 194 12 18Version 2 0 0 2008 09 04 196 12 19Version 1 6
127. S volume swap swap a dev zvol dsk ZFS volume swap To mount if after reboot add the following line to etc vfstab dev zvol dsk ZFS volume swap swap no Alternatively you could grow the existing swap using zfs set volsize 8G rpool swap And reboot the system for the changes to take effect For UFS as root user mkfile 7g path to swapfile img swap a path to swapfile img To mount it after reboot add the following line to etc vfstab path to swap img swap no 162 12 Change log This section summarizes the changes between VirtualBox versions Note that this change log is not exhaustive not all changes are listed VirtualBox version numbers consist of three numbers separated by dots where the first number represents the major version the 2nd number the minor version and the 3rd one the build number Build numbers of official releases are always even An odd build number represents an internal development or test build 12 1 Version 3 1 0 Beta 1 2009 11 10 This version is a major update The following major new features were added e VM states can now be restored from arbitrary snapshots instead of only the last one and new snapshots can be taken from other snapshots as well aka branched snapshots e The network attachment type can be changed while a VM is running e Experimental USB support for OpenSolaris hosts making use of the latest USB enhancements in Solaris Nevada 124 and high
128. STRIBUTION OBLIGATIONS 3 1 Application of License The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this License including without limitation Section 2 2 The Source Code version of Covered Code may be distributed only under the terms of this License or a future version of this License released under Section 6 1 and You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code You distribute You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License or the recipients rights hereunder However You may include an additional document offering the additional rights described in Section 3 5 3 2 Availability of Source Code Any Modification created by You will be provided to the Initial Developer in Source Code form and are subject to the terms of the License 3 3 Description of Modifica tions You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to contain a file document ing the changes You made to create that Covered Code and the date of any change You must include a prominent statement that the Modification is derived directly or indi rectly from Original Code provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of the Initial Developer in a the Source Code and b in any notice in an Executable version or related documentation in which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code 3 4 In
129. SecureLabel The Label Changing this label will take effect immediately Typically full screen resolutions are limited to certain standard geometries such as 1024 x 768 Increasing this by twenty lines is not usually feasible so in most cases VBoxSDL will chose the next higher resolution e g 1280 x 1024 and the guest s screen will not cover the whole display surface If VBoxSDL is unable to choose a higher resolution the secure label will be painted on top of the guest s screen surface In order to address the problem of the bottom part of the guest screen being hidden VBoxSDL can provide custom video modes to the guest that are reduced by the height of the label For Windows guests and recent Solaris and Linux guests the VirtualBox Guest Additions automatically provide the reduced video modes Additionally the VESA BIOS has been adjusted to duplicate its standard mode table with adjusted resolutions The adjusted mode IDs can be calculated using the following formula reduced modeid modeid 0x30 For example in order to start Linux with 1024 x 748 x 16 the standard mode 0x117 1024 x 768 x 16 is used as a base The Linux video mode kernel parameter can then be calculated using 0x200 Ox117 0x30 839 vga vga The reason for duplicating the standard modes instead of only supplying the ad justed modes is that most guest operating systems require the standard VESA modes to be fixed and refuse to start with different modes
130. THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 14 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 1 February 1999 Copyright C 1991 1999 Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute ver batim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL It also counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License version 2 hence the version number 2 1 Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This license the Lesser General Public License applies to some specially designated software packages typically libraries of the Free Software Foundation and other au thors who decide to use it You can use it too but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular cas
131. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA THE U S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OR CON TRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EX EMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO 269 14 Third party licenses PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THE ORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT IN CLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE Additional BSD Notice 1 This notice is required to be provided under our contract with the U S De partment of Energy DOE This work was produced at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No W 7405 ENG 48 with the DOE 2 Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information ap paratus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights 3 Also reference herein to any specific commercial products process or services by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or the U
132. USB devices the same filter rules apply as for other USB devices as described with chapter 3 11 1 USB settings page 56 All you have to do is specify Remote or Any when setting up these rules Accessing remote USB devices is only possible if the RDP client supports this exten sion On Linux and Solaris hosts the VirtualBox installation provides a suitable RDP client called rdesktop vrdp RDP clients for other platforms will be provided in future VirtualBox versions To make a remote USB device available to a VM rdesktop vrdp should be started as follows rdesktop vrdp r usb a 16 N my host address 100 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines Note that rdesktop vrdp can access USB devices only through proc bus usb Please refer to chapter 11 5 7 USB not working page 160 for further details on how to properly set up the permissions Furthermore it is advisable to disable automatic loading of any host driver on the remote host which might work on USB devices to ensure that the devices are accessible by the RDP client If the setup was properly done on the remote host plug unplug events are visible on the VBox log file of the VM 7 4 5 RDP authentication For each virtual machine that is remotely accessible via RDP you can individually determine if and how RDP connections are authenticated For this use VBoxManage modifyvm command with the vrdpauthtype op tion see chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 for
133. VBoxManage modifyvm My VM natnetl 192 168 16 This command would reserve the network addresses 192 168 0 0 192 168 254 254 for the first NAT network instance of My VM The guest IP would be assigned to 192 168 0 15 and the default gateway could be found at 192 168 0 2 9 13 2 Configuring the boot server next server of a NAT network interface For network booting in NAT mode by default VirtualBox uses a built in TFTP server at the IP address 10 0 2 3 This default behavior should work fine for typical remote booting scenarios However it is possible to change the boot server IP and the location of the boot image with the following commands VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN40 Config NextServer 10 0 2 2 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config BootFile srv tftp boot MyPXEBoot pxe 9 13 3 Tuning TCP IP buffers for NAT The VirtualBox NAT stack performance is often determined by its interaction with the host s TCP IP stack and the size of several buffers SO RCVBUF and SO SNDBUF For certain setups users might want to adjust the buffer size for better performance This can by achieved using the following commands values are in kilobytes and can range from 8 to 1024 145 9 Advanced topics VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config SocketRcvBuf 128 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal De
134. VBoxService not running if no Shared Folders are installed Linux Additions implemented ftrunctate bug 4771 167 12 Change log VRDP start VM even if configured VRDP port is in use Networking the PCnet network device stopped receiving under rare conditions bug 4870 VBoxManage implemented controlvm vrdpport command iSCSI fixed issue with NetApp targets 5072 SCSI add support for virtual disks larger than 2TB USB fixed potential crash when unplugging USB2 devices bug 5089 NAT IPSEC did not properly work with Linux guests bug 4801 12 4 Version 3 0 6 2009 09 09 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM fixed IO APIC overhead for 32 bits Windows NT 2000 XP and 2003 guests AMD V only bug 4392 VMM fixed a Guru meditation under certain circumstances when enabling a disabled device bug 4510 VMM fixed a Guru meditation when booting certain Arch Linux guests software virtualization only bug 2149 VMM fixed hangs with 64 bits Solaris amp OpenSolaris guests bug 2258 VMM fixed decreasing rdtsc values AMD V amp VT x only bug 2869 VMM small Solaris OpenSolaris performance improvements VT x only VMM cpuid change to correct reported virtual CPU id in Linux VMM NetBSD 5 0 1 CD hangs during boot VT x only bug 3947 Solaris hosts worked around an issue that caused the host to hang bug 4486 Solaris hosts fixed a rare host system deadlock when
135. VM displayer 7 4 Remote virtual machines VRDP support 7 4 1 Common third party RDP viewers 7 4 2 VBoxHeadless the VRDP only server 7 4 3 Step by step creating a virtual machine on a headless server TAS Remote USB oi eoe 2o ko Roh Sk ee EL e we ed 7 4 5 RDP authentication e e 746 BUPOHOYVPUOD iuc RR AURORA Be A SS 74 7 WRDP multiple connections o o sls rm noo VBoxManage reference B VBoxManagelist ooo o OS US UR RR xs 8 2 VBoxManageshowvminfo 2l eere 8 3 VBoxManage registervm unregistervm llle 8 4 VBoxManage Created ooo ana as Oe RS 8 5 VBoxManage modifyym ce aeg ania eee 9 Contents 5 1 General setHnES ee es eco SO a a eS 111 8 52 Networking settings esce ee ee A Rn 113 8 5 3 Serial port audio clipboard VRDP and USB settings 114 8 6 VBoxManase import oe kso oe RR OE E x xc doge mos 115 8 7 VMbBoxManadpeexpOHE m or ok koh DERE EEE SEE 117 BS VBoxManage SISTEMA ous emo n n 9 9 a RR RR eve E mp 117 8 9 VBoxManagecontrolum 22er 118 8 10 VBosManas discardstate occ e es RR RR Rue o gs 119 8 11 VBoxManagesnapshot ocioso pones RR m Ra 119 8 12 VBoxManage openmedium closemedium 120 8 13 VBoxManage storagectl storageattach l l 120 B 13 1 VBoxManasestorassetl o e cos m n 121 8 13 2 VBoxManagestorageattach o o 1
136. Version 1 0 42 2005 08 30 ee en 12 45Version 1 0 40 2005 06 17 12 46Version 1 0 39 2005 05 05 e e 12 47Wersion 1 0 38 2005 04 27 o zzv o 9 EES OY EE 12 48Version 1 0 37 2005 04 12 o 13 Known limitations 14 Third party licenses 14 1 Materials ooe ow ak ebb E la A E 14 2 LNE oc ge eR ROS hoec ww FOE SES ER Y 3 39 US 14 2 1 GNU General Public License GPL 14 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL 14 2 3 Mozilla Public License MPL leen 145 225 MIT Ligene cs a ue Gu yer e re Ra RO S S3 9o E 14 2 5 X Consortium License X11 c E 40 oce t E A ee E RE 14 2 7 OpenSSL license o oe 220454008844 28 24444455 14 25 o oak doa ee we 369 REO SSSR V Rs 14 2 9 bleib WAS ions ee ee ee ee a Ne AA 142 10libpng licens uuu e oom eae RR Re o ms WAZ line occiso 142 12libuml license 222222 oor mmm eo 14213 libxslt Cenes os icnuu ui yr basa a a e ei 14 2 14gSOAP Public License Version 1 324 14 2 15 Chromitm licenses 2 2 2229 9 ml RR 14 2 16eur NGAGE nuo ak pb Y Re RR EE xs 15 VirtualBox privacy policy Glossary 271 272 274 1 First steps This first chapter of this User Manual will give you a quick introduction to virtualiza tion and how to get your first virtual machine running in Sun VirtualBox Subsequent chapters of this User Manual will go into much more detail but
137. ace lt 1 N gt on off you can enable network tracing for a par ticular virtual network card If enabled you must specify with nictracefile 1 N filename what file the trace should be logged to bridgeadapter 1 N none lt devicename gt If bridged networking has been enabled for a virtual network card see the nic option above otherwise this setting has no effect use this option to specify which host interface the given virtual network interface will use For details please see chapter 6 4 Bridged networking page 89 113 8 VBoxManage reference e hostonlyadapter 1 N none lt devicename gt If host only networking has been enabled for a virtual network card see the nic option above otherwise this setting has no effect use this option to specify which host only networking interface the given virtual network interface will use For details please see chapter 6 6 Host only networking page 91 e intnet 1 N network If internal networking has been enabled for a vir tual network card see the nic option above otherwise this setting has no effect use this option to specify the name of the internal network see chapter 6 5 Internal networking page 90 e macaddress 1 N auto lt mac gt With this option you can set the MAC address of the virtual network card Normally each virtual network card is as signed a random address by VirtualBox at VM creation 8 5 3 Serial port aud
138. acity window manager GNOME leading to unmovable VM windows GUI show an information dialog before entering fullscreen mode about how to get back GUI several fixes and improvements VMM fixed occasional crashes when shutting down a Windows guest VMM fixed crash while loading Xorg on openSUSE 10 2 VMM fixed problems with OpenBSD 3 9 and 4 0 VMM fixed crash while loading XFree86 in SUSE 9 1 VMM fixed Debian 3 1 Sarge installation problem network failure VMM fixed crash during SUSE 10 2 installation VMM fixed crash during Ubuntu 7 04 RC boot VMM fixed crash during ThinClientOS Linux 2 4 33 bootup ATA IDE pause VM when host disk is full and display message ATA IDE fixed incompatibility with OpenSolaris 10 VDI containers do not allocate blocks when guest only writes zeros to it size optimization when zeroing freespace prior to compacting CDROM DVD fixed media recognition by Linux guests Network corrected reporting of physical interfaces fixes Linux guest warnings 218 12 Change log Network fixed IRQ conflict causing occasional major slowdowns with XP guests Network significantly improved send performance Audio added mixer support to the AC 97 codec master volume only Audio added support for ALSA on Linux native no OSS emulation iSCSI improved LUN handling iSCSI fixed hang due to packet overflow iSCSI pause VM on iSCSI connection loss Linux module never fail unloading the module blocks U
139. ackage is kernel devel On SUSE and openSUSE Linux you must install the right versions of the kernel source and kernel syms packages Alternatively if you have built your own kernel usr src linux should point to your kernel sources If you have not removed the files created during the build process then your system will already be set up correctly lSee http en wikipedia org wiki Dynamic Kernel Module Support for an introduction 35 2 Installation details 2 The kernel of your Linux host got updated In that case the kernel module will need to be reinstalled by executing as root etc init d vboxdrv setup 2 3 3 USB and advanced networking support In order to use VirtualBox s USB support the user account under which you intend to run VirtualBox must have read and write access to the USB filesystem usbfs In addition access to dev net tun will be required if you want to use Host Interface Networking which is described in detail in chapter 6 4 Bridged networking page 89 2 3 4 Performing the installation VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions see chapter 1 3 Supported host operating systems page 14 for details In addition there is an alternative generic installer run which should work on most Linux distributions 2 3 4 1 Installing VirtualBox from a Debian Ubuntu package First download the appropriate package for your distri
140. al machine s window and the video resolution in the guest will be automatically adjusted as if you had manually entered an arbitrary resolution in the guest s display settings 60 4 Guest Additions For Linux and Solaris guests the Xorg server version 1 3 or later is required for automatic resizing the feature has been disabled on Fedora 9 guests due to a bug in the X server they supply The server version can be checked with Xorg version Finally if the Guest Additions are installed 3D graphics for guest applications can be accelerated see chapter 4 9 Hardware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Di rect3D 8 9 page 72 Time synchronization With the Guest Additions installed VirtualBox can ensure that the guest s system time is better synchronized This fixes the problem that an operating system normally expects to have 10096 of a computer s time for itself without interference which is no longer the case when your VM runs together with your host operating system and possibly other applications on your host As a result your guest operating system s timing will soon be off significantly The Guest Additions will re synchronize the time regularly Shared folders These provide an easy way to exchange files between the host and the guest Much like ordinary Windows network shares you can tell VirtualBox to treat a certain host directory as a shared folder and VirtualBox will make it available to the guest operating system as a netwo
141. al serial port to a software pipe on the host This depends on your host operating system On a Windows host data will be sent and received through a named pipe You can use a helper program called VMware Serial Line Gate way available for download at http www 14ka org tools vmwaregateway php This tool provides a fixed server mode named pipe at pipe vmwaredebug and connects incoming TCP con nections on port 567 with the named pipe On a Mac Linux or OpenSolaris host a local domain socket is used instead On Linux there are various tools which can connect to a local domain socket or create one in server mode The most flexible tool is socat and is available as part of many distributions In this case you can configure whether VirtualBox should create the named pipe or on non Windows hosts the local domain socket itself or whether VirtualBox should assume that the pipe or socket exists already With the VBoxManage command line options this is referred to as server or client mode respectively Up to two serial ports can be configured simultaneously per virtual machine but you can pick any port numbers out of the above For example you can configure two serial ports to be able to work with COM2 and COMA in the guest 3 11 USB support 3 11 1 USB settings The USB section in a virtual machine s Settings window allows you to configure VirtualBox s sophisticated USB support VirtualBox can allow
142. alBox see chapter 8 17 VBoxManage clonehd page 124 This is because VirtualBox assigns a unique identity number UUID to each disk image which is also stored inside the image and VirtualBox will refuse to work with two images that use the same number If you do 82 5 Virtual storage accidentally try to reimport a disk image which you copied normally you can make a second copy using VirtualBox s utility and import that instead Note that newer Linux distributions identify the boot hard disk from the ID of the drive The ID VirtualBox reports for a drive is determined from the UUID of the virtual disk image So if you clone a disk image and try to boot the copied image the guest might not be able to determine its own boot disk as the UUID changed In this case you have to adapt the disk ID in your boot loader script for example boot grub menu lst The disk ID looks like SCSi SATA VBOX HARDDISK VB5cfdble2 c251e503 The ID for the copied image can be determined with hdparm i dev sda 5 7 iSCSI servers iSCSI stands for Internet SCSI and is a standard that allows for using the SCSI proto col over Internet TCP IP connections Especially with the advent of Gigabit Ethernet it has become affordable to attach iSCSI storage servers simply as remote hard disks to a computer network In iSCSI terminology the server providing storage resources is called an iSCSI target while the client connecting to the server and accessing its re
143. all VirtualBox to and which components to install In addition to the VirtualBox application the following components are available USB support This package contains special drivers for your Windows host that VirtualBox requires to fully support USB devices inside your virtual machines 32 2 Installation details Networking This package contains extra networking drivers for your Windows host that VirtualBox needs to support Host Interface Networking to make your VM s virtual network cards accessible from other machines on your physical network Depending on your Windows configuration you may see warnings about unsigned drivers or similar Please select Continue on these warnings as otherwise VirtualBox might not function correctly after installation The installer will create a VirtualBox group in the programs startup folder which allows you to launch the application and access its documentation With standard settings VirtualBox will be installed for all users on the local system In case this is not wanted you have to invoke the installer by first extracting it by using VirtualBox exe extract and then do as follows VirtualBox exe msiparams ALLUSERS 2 or msiexec i VirtualBox version MultiArch x86 amd64 msi ALLUSERS 2 on the extracted MSI files This will install VirtualBox only for the current user 2 1 3 Uninstallation As we use the Microsoft Installer VirtualBox can be safely unins
144. aller many small improvements for deb and rpm packages Linux installer improved setup of kernel module GUI Host Fn sends Ctrl Alt Fn to the guest Linux guest VT switch GUI fixed setting for Internal Networking GUI show correct audio backend on Windows dsound GUI improved error messages if the kernel module is not accessible GUI never fail to start the GUI if the kernel module is not accessible VMM fixed occasional crashes when shutting down Windows TAP device VMM fixed issues with IBM s 1 4 2 JVM in Linux guests VRDP fixed color encoding with 24bpp BIOS zero main memory on reboot BIOS added release logging USB fixed parsing of certain devices to prevent VBoxSVC crashes USB properly wakeup suspended ports USB fixed a problem with unplugged USB devices during suspend Audio fixed crashes on Vista hosts NAT allow configuration of incoming connections aka port mapping Network hard reset network device on reboot iSCSI fixed a hang of unpaused VMs accessing unresponsive iSCSI disks 216 12 Change log Linux Additions support Xorg 7 2 x Linux Additions fixed default video mode if all other modes are invalid Linux Additions set default DPI to 100 100 Linux Additions fixed initialization of video driver on X server reset 12 29 Version 1 3 6 2007 02 20 Windows installer perform installation for all users instead of just the current user old behavior still available Linux installer fixed license dis
145. ally resizes them by dragging the window switching to fullscreen or seamless mode or sending a video mode hint using VBoxManage This behavior is what most users will want but if you have different needs it is possible to change it by issuing one of the following commands from the command line VBoxManage setextradata global GUI MaxGuestResolution any will remove all limits on guest resolutions VBoxManage setextradata global GUI MaxGuestResolution gt width height lt manually specifies a maximum resolution VBoxManage setextradata global GUI MaxGuestResolution auto restores the default settings Note that these settings apply globally to all guest systems not just to a single machine 9 15 Configuring the BIOS DMI information The DMI data VirtualBox provides to guests can be changed for a specific VM Use the following commands to configure the DMI BIOS information VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSVendor Host BIOS Vendor VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSVersion Host BIOS Version VBoxManage setextradata My VM 147 9 Advanced topics VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSReleaseDate Host BIOS Release Date VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSReleaseMa jor 1 VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices pcbios 0 Config DmiBIOSReleaseMinor 2 VBoxManage setextradata
146. an start it by bringing up the Run dialog press the Windows key and R and typing mstsc You can also find it under Start gt All Programs gt Accessories gt Remote Desktop Connection If you use the Run dialog you can type in options directly mstsc 1 2 3 4 3389 Replace 1 2 3 4 with the host IP adress and 3389 with a different port if nec essary On other systems you can use the standard open source rdesktop program This ships with most Linux distributions but VirtualBox also comes with a modi fied variant of rdesktop for remote USB support see chapter 7 4 4 Remote USB page 100 below With rdesktop use a command line such as the following rdesktop a 16 N 1 2 3 4 3389 As said for the Microsoft viewer above replace 1 2 3 4 with the host IP address and 3389 with a different port if necessary The a 16 option requests a color depth of 16 bits per pixel which we recommend For best performance after 97 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines installation of the guest operating system you should set its display color depth to the same value The N option enables use of the NumPad keys e If you run the KDE desktop you might prefer krdc the KDE RDP viewer The command line would look like this krdc window high quality rdp 1 2 3 4 3389 Again replace 1 2 3 4 with the host IP address and 3389 with a different port if nece
147. anage reference synthcpu on off This setting determines whether VirtualBox will expose a synthetic CPU to the guest to allow live migration between host systems that differ significantly pae on off This enables disables PAE see chapter 3 4 2 Processor tab page 48 hwvirtex on off default This enables or disables the use of hardware virtualization extensions Intel VT x or AMD V in the processor of your host sys tem see chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 hwvirtexexcl on off This specifies whether VirtualBox will make exclu sive use of the hardware virtualization extensions Intel VI x or AMD V in the processor of your host system see chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 If you wish to simultaneously share these extensions with other hypervisors then you must disable this setting Doing so has negative performance implications nestedpaging on off If hardware virtualization is enabled this addi tional setting enables or disables the use of the nested paging feature in the processor of your host system see chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 vtxvpid on off If hardware virtualization is enabled for Intel VT x only this additional setting enables or disables the use of the tagged TLB VPID fea ture in the processor of your host system see chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration
148. and makes available correspond to the VM settings that VirtualBox graphical user interface displays in each VM s Settings dialog these were described in chapter 3 Configuring virtual machines page 44 Some of the more ad vanced settings however are only available through the vBoxManage interface 8 5 1 General settings The following general settings are available through VBoxManage modifyvm e name name This changes the VM s name and possibly renames the inter nal virtual machine files as described with VBoxManage createvm above e ostype ostype This specifies what guest operating system is supposed to run in the VM To learn about the various identifiers that can be used here use VBoxManage list ostypes e memory memorysize This sets the amount of RAM in MB that the vir tual machine should allocate for itself from the host See the remarks in chapter 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine page 17 for more information e vram vramsize This sets the amount of RAM that the virtual graphics card should have See chapter 3 5 Display settings page 51 for details e acpi on off ioapic on off These two determine whether the VM should have ACPI and I O APIC support respectively see chapter 3 4 1 Moth erboard tab page 47 for details e cpus cpucount This sets the number of virtual CPUs for the virtual machine see chapter 3 4 2 Processor tab page 48 111 8 VBoxM
149. apshot The delete operation deletes a snapshot specified by name or by UUID This can take a while to finish since the differencing images associated with the snapshot might need to be merged with their child differencing images The restore operation will restore the given snapshot specified by name or by UUID by resetting the virtual machine s settings and current state to that of the snap shot The previous current state of the machine will be lost After this the given snapshot becomes the new current snapshot so that subsequent snapshots are in serted under the snapshot from which was restored With the edit operation you can change the name or description of an existing snapshot With the showvminfo operation you can view the virtual machine settings that were stored with an existing snapshot 8 12 VBoxManage openmedium closemedium These commands register or unregister hard disk DVD or floppy images in VirtualBox This is the command line equivalent of the Virtual Disk Manager see chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 for more information Note For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox the registerim age and unregisterimage commands are also supported and mapped inter nally to the openmedium and closemedium commands respectively Note however that when you unregister a hard disk image using VBoxManage it will not be deleted from the host computer s hard dr
150. apter 14 2 13 libxslt licenses page 261 and Copyright C 2001 2002 Daniel Veillard and Copyright C 2001 2002 Thomas Broyer Charlie Bozeman and Daniel Veillard 236 14 Third party licenses VirtualBox may contain code from the gSOAP XML web services tools which are licensed under the license in chapter 14 2 14 gSOAP Public License Version 1 3a page 262 and Copyright C 2000 2007 Robert van Engelen Genivia Inc and others VirtualBox may ship with the application tunctl shipped as VBoxTunctl from the User mode Linux suite which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 1 GNU General Public License GPL page 237 and Copyright C 2002 Jeff Dike VirtualBox contains code from Chromium an OpenGL implementation which is goverened by the licenses in chapter 14 2 15 Chromium licenses page 268 and Copyright C Stanford University The Regents of the University of California Red Hat and others VirtualBox contains libcurl which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 16 curl license page 271 and Copyright C 1996 2009 Daniel Stenberg VirtualBox contains dnsproxy which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 4 MIT License page 256 and Copyright c 2003 2004 2005 Armin Wolfermann VirtualBox may contain iniparser which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 4 MIT License page 256 and Copyright c 2000 2008 by Nicolas Devillard 14 2 Licenses 14 2 1 GNU General Public License GPL
151. are present on the host Linux hosts ACPI enabled by default for newly created VMs APIC added optional I O APIC Graphics fixed distortion when changing guest color depth without changing the resolution VRDP added support for remote USB requires special rdesktop client VRDP added support for the Microsoft RDP client VRDP improved audio support Floppy controller can be disabled Floppy fixed no disk in drive reporting Floppy fixed writing to floppy images VBoxManage restructured USB device filter syntax to make it more intuitive VBoxManage added command for setting guest logon credentials Additions added installer for Windows 2000 XP 2003 guests Additions added custom GINA module which hooks MSGINA and can perform automatic logons using credentials retrieved from the VMM Documentation added draft of VirtualBox user manual 225 12 Change log 12 40 Version 1 0 50 2005 12 16 Note Guest Additions have to be updated VMM added support for OpenBSD guests VMM fixed a memory leak Network added Internal Networking to directly wire VMs without using host interfaces and making the traffic visible on the host Network fixed crash hang at exit with TAP on Linux Graphics added support for additional custom VESA modes Graphics added support for VESA modes with y offset VRDP added support for remote audio PCM encoding USB fixed several potential crashes USB fixed revision filter matching USB fix
152. ary This specifies which library the web service uses to authenticate users For details about the VirtualBox web service please refer to the separate VirtualBox SDK reference see chapter 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces page 150 hwvirtexenabled This selects whether or not hardware virtualization support is en abled by default 8 22 VBoxManage usbfilter add modify remove The usbfilter commands are used for working with USB filters in virtual machines or global filters which affect the whole VirtualBox setup Global filters are applied be fore machine specific filters and may be used to prevent devices from being captured by any virtual machine Global filters are always applied in a particular order and only the first filter which fits a device is applied So for example if the first global filter says to hold make available a particular Kingston memory stick device and the second to ignore all Kingston devices that memory stick will be available to any machine with an appropriate filter but no other Kingston device will When creating a USB filter using usbfilter add you must supply three or four mandatory parameters The index specifies the position in the list at which the filter should be placed If there is already a filter at that position then it and the following ones will be shifted back one place Otherwise the new filter will be added onto the end of the list The target parameter selects the virtual machine that the
153. as TRANSIENT the value will not be stored with the VM data when the VM exits RDONLYGUEST the value can only be changed by the host but the guest can only read it RDONLYHOST reversely the value can only be changed by the guest but the host can only read it READONLY a combination of the two the value cannot be changed at all e wait vm pattern timeout timeout This waits for a particu lar value described by pattern to change or to be deleted or created The pattern rules are the same as for the enumerate subcommand above 8 26 VBoxManage dhcpserver The dhcpserver commands allow you to control the DHCP server that is built into VirtualBox You may find this useful when using internal or host only networking Theoretically you can enable it for a bridged network as well but that will likely cause conflicts with other DHCP servers in your physical network Use the following command line options 130 8 VBoxManage reference e If you use internal networking for a virtual network adapter of a virtual ma chine use VBoxManage dhcpserver add netname lt network_name gt where lt network_name gt is the same network name you used with VBoxManage modifyvm lt vmname gt intnet X network name e If you use host only networking for a virtual network adapter of a virtual ma chine use VBoxManage dhcpserver add ifname hostonly if name instead where
154. ation x VRDPAuthResult VRDPAUTHCALL VRDPAuth PVRDPAUTHUUID pUuid VRDPAuthGuestJudgement guestJudgement const char xszUser const char szPassword const char szDomain process request against your authentication source of choice x return VRDPAuthAccessGranted A note regarding the UUID implementation of the first argument VirtualBox uses a consistent binary representation of UUIDs on all platforms For this reason the integer fields comprising the UUID are stored as little endian values If you want to pass such UUIDs to code which assumes that the integer fields are big endian often also called network byte order you need to adjust the contents of the UUID to e g achieve the same string representation The required changes are e reverse the order of byte 0 1 2 and 3 e reverse the order of byte 4 and 5 e reverse the order of byte 6 and 7 Using this conversion you will get identical results when converting the binary UUID to the string representation The second arguments contains information about the guest authentication status For the first call it is always set to VRDPAuthGuestNotAsked In case the function returns VRDPAuthDelegateToGuest a guest authentication will be attempted and another call to the method is made with its result This can be either granted de nied or no judgement the guest component chose for whatever reason to not make a decision In case there is a problem with the guest authentication
155. ation Lookaside Buffers TLBs To enable this feature for a VM you need to use the command line see chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 3 5 Display settings Video memory size This sets the size of the memory provided by the virtual graph ics card available to the guest in MB As with the main memory the specified amount will be allocated from the host s resident memory Based on the amount of video memory higher resolutions and color depths may be available Enable 3D acceleration If the virtual machine has Guest Additions installed you can select here whether the guest should support accelerated 3D graphics Please refer to chapter 4 9 Hardware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 page 72 for details Enable 2D Video acceleration If the virtual machine with Microsoft Windows has Guest Additions installed you can select here whether the guest should support accelerated 2D Video graphics Please refer to chapter 4 10 Hardware 2D video acceleration for Windows guests page 73 for details Remote display Under the Remote display tab you can enable the VRDP server that is built into VirtualBox to allow you to connect to the virtual machine re motely For this you can use any standard RDP viewer such as mst sc exe that comes with Microsoft Windows or on Linux systems the standard open source rdesktop program These features are described in detail in chapter 7 4 Re mote virtual machines VRDP support page 9
156. back VMM workaround for missed cpuid patch some Linux guests refuse to boot on multi core CPUs VMM fixed code for overriding CPUID values VMM improved error handling on out of memory conditions API don t crash when trying to create a VM with a duplicate name API don t crash when trying to access the settings of a VM when some other VMs are not accessible API fixed several memory leaks ATA IDE fixed SuSE 9 1 CD read installer regression Serial several fixes Floppy fixed inverted write protect flag 206 12 Change log Floppy fixed handling of read only images USB virtualize an EHCI controller USB several minor fixes Network fixed MAC address check Network host interface fixes for Solaris guests Network guest networking stopped completely after taking a snapshot Network don t crash if a network card is enabled but not attached PXE fix for PXE EC8 error on soft reboot NAT update the DNS server IP address on every DNS packet sent by the guest VGA reset VRAM access handers after a fullscreen update VGA don t overwrite guest s VRAM when displaying a blank screen ACPI implemented the sleep button event VRDP fixed crash when querying VRDP properties VRDP netAddress fixes VRDP fixed the Pause Break keys over VRDP VRDP workaround for scrambled icons with a guest video mode of 16bpp VRDP reset modifier keys on RDP INPUT SYNCHRONIZE VRDP reset RDP updates after resize to prevent obsolete updates
157. bit on new installations bug 2501 Linux Solaris Darwin hosts verify permissions in tmp vbox SUSER ipc Linux hosts fixed assertion on high network load AMD64 hosts fix for Linux distributions with glibc 2 6 and newer bug 616 Linux hosts don t crash during shutdown with serial ports connected to a host device 192 12 Change log Solaris hosts fixed incompatibility between IPSEC and host interface networking Solaris hosts fixed a rare race condition while powering off VMs with host in terface networking Solaris hosts fixed VBoxSDL on Solaris 10 by shipping the required SDL library bug 2475 Windows Additions fixed logged in users reporting via guest properties when using native RDP connections Windows Additions fixed Vista crashes when accessing shared folders under certain circumstances bug 2461 Windows Additions fixed shared folders access with MS Office bug 2591 Linux Additions fixed compilation of vboxvfs ko for 64 bit guests bug 2550 SDK added JAX WS port caching to speedup connections 12 16 Version 2 0 4 2008 10 24 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM better error reporting for VT x failures VMM don t overflow the release log with PATM messages bug 1775 VMM fixed save state restore in real mode software virtualization only GUI work around a Qt bug on Mac OS X bug 2321 GUI properly install the Qt4 accessible plugin bug 6
158. bits on 32 bit hosts incurs additional overhead VirtualBox only enables this support upon explicit request On 64 bit hosts 64 bit guest support is always enabled so you can simply install a 64 bit operating system in the guest Warning On any host you should enable the I O APIC for virtual machines that you intend to use in 64 bit mode This is especially true for 64 bit Win dows VMs See chapter 3 3 2 Advanced tab page 46 In addition for 64 bit Windows guests you should make sure that the VM uses the Intel network ing device since there is no 64 bit driver support for the AMD PCNet card see chapter 6 1 Virtual networking hardware page 85 If you use the Create VM wizard of the VirtualBox graphical user interface see chapter 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine page 17 VirtualBox will automatically use the correct settings for each selected 64 bit operating system type 1See chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 45 3 Configuring virtual machines 3 3 General settings In the Settings window under General you can configure the most fundamental aspects of the virtual machine such as memory and essential hardware There are four tabs Basic Advanced Description and Other 3 3 1 Basic tab Under the Basic tab of the General settings category you can find these settings Name The name under which the VM is shown in the list of VMs in the main win
159. buntu 6 06 server edition contains a bug which can cause it to crash during startup when it is run in a virtual machine The Guest Additions work in those distributions 4 4 1 Installing the Linux Guest Additions The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux are provided on the same ISO CD ROM as the Additions for Windows described above They also come with an installation program guiding you through the setup process although due to the significant dif ferences between Linux distributions installation may be slightly more complex Installation involves the following steps 1 Before installing the Guest Additions you will have to prepare your guest system for building external kernel modules This works similarly as described in chap ter 2 3 2 The VirtualBox kernel module page 34 except that this step must now be performed in your Linux guest instead of on a Linux host system as described there Again as with Linux hosts we recommend using DKMS for Linux guests as well If it is not installed use this command 65 4 Guest Additions sudo apt get install dkms Install DKMS before installing the Linux Guest Additions 2 Mount the VBoxGuestAdditions iso file as your Linux guest s virtual CD ROM drive exactly the same way as described for a Windows guest in chapter 4 3 1 1 Mounting the Additions ISO file page 62 3 Change to the directory where your CD ROM drive is mounted and execute as root sh VBoxLinuxAddition
160. buntu Debian unin stall Linux module improved compatibility with NMI watchdog enabled Windows Additions fixed hardware mouse pointer with Windows 2003 Server guests Linux Additions compile everything from sources instead of using precompiled objects Linux Additions better compatibility with older glibc versions Linux Additions when uninstalling only delete the files we put there during installation don t remove the directory recursively to prevent unwanted data loss Linux Installer added support for Slackware Linux Additions added support for Linux 2 4 28 to 2 4 34 VRDP fixed sporadic disconnects with MS RDP clients VRDP fixed race condition during resolution resize leading to rare crashes 12 31 Version 1 3 2 2007 01 15 General added experimental support for Windows Vista as a host General added support for Windows Vista as a guest GUI numerous improvements including a redesigned media manager BIOS added DMI information for recent Linux kernels VMM experimental support for AMD SVM hardware virtualization extensions 219 12 Change log VMM significant performance improvements for Linux 2 6 guests VMM performance improvements for Windows guests Network fixed issues with DOS guests Network fixed creation of more than one host interface during process lifetime on Windows VBoxManage added support for compacting VDI files requires zeroing freespace in the guest API startup even when a VM conf
161. bution The following examples assume that you are installing to an Ubuntu Edgy system Use dpkg to install the Debian package sudo dpkg i VirtualBox 3 1 0 BETA1 Ubuntu edgy deb You will be asked to accept the VirtualBox Personal Use and Evaluation License Unless you answer yes here the installation will be aborted The group vboxusers will be created during installation Note that a user who is going to run VirtualBox must be member of that group A user can be made member of the group vboxusers through the GUI user group management or at the command line with sudo usermod a G vboxusers username Also note that adding an active user to that group will require that user to log out and back in again This should be done manually after successful installation of the package The installer will also search for a VirtualBox kernel module suitable for your kernel The package includes pre compiled modules for the most common ker nel configurations If no suitable kernel module is found the installation script tries to build a module itself If the build process is not successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured Please have a look at var log vbox install log to find out why the compilation failed You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel headers see chapter 2 3 2 The VirtualBox kernel module page 34 After correcting any problems do 36 2 Installation details sudo etc ini
162. cal disk can be repartitioned in arbitrary ways without having to recreate the image file that gives access to the raw disk To create an image that represents an entire physical hard disk which will not contain any actual data as this will all be stored on the physical disk on a Linux host use the command VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk filename path to file vmdk rawdisk dev sda This creates the image path to file vmdk must be absolute and all data will be read and written from dev sda On a Windows host instead of the above device specification use e g W XPhysicalDrive0 On a Mac OS X host instead of the above device speci fication use e g dev disk1 Note that on OS X you can only get access to an entire disk if no volume is mounted from it Creating the image requires read write access for the given device Read write access is also later needed when using the image from a virtual machine Just like with regular disk images this does not automatically register the newly cre ated image in the internal registry of hard disks If you want this done automatically add register VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk filename path to file vmdk rawdisk dev sda register 142 9 Advanced topics After registering you can assign the newly created image to a virtual machine with VBoxManage modifyvm WindowsXP hda path to file vmdk When this is done the selected virtual machine will boot from the sp
163. cation should be used in environments where security is a concern As the client that connects to the server determines what type of encryption will be used with rdesktop the Linux RDP viewer use the 4 or 5 options 7 4 7 VRDP multiple connections The VirtualBox built in RDP server supports simultaneous connections to the same running VM from different clients All connected clients see the same screen output and share a mouse pointer and keyboard focus This is similar to several people using the same computer at the same time taking turns at the keyboard The following command enables multiple connection mode VBoxManage modifyvm VMNAME vrdpmulticon on If the guest uses multiple monitors then multiple connection mode must be active in order to use them at the same time see chapter 9 7 Multiple monitors for the guest page 139 102 8 VBoxManage reference When running VBoxManage without parameters or when supplying an invalid com mand line the below syntax diagram will be shown Note that the output will be slightly different depending on the host platform when in doubt check the output of VBoxManage for the commands available on your particular host Usage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage v version q nologo list long 1 showvminfo registervm unregistervm createvm modifyvm print version number and exit suppress
164. cceleration enabled bug 3437 PXE fixed boot hangs when hardware virtualization is used bug 2536 LsiLogic fixed problems with Solaris guests Main API close machine settings XML file when unregistering machine bug 3548 12 11 Version 2 1 4 2009 02 16 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added e Windows hosts fixed host crashes hangs on certain 32 bits Windows systems when running Linux guests bugs 1606 2269 2763 e Windows hosts fixed network component BSOD issue bugs 3168 2916 e Windows hosts fixed installation issues bugs 2517 1730 3130 e Linux hosts fixed occasional kernel oopses bug 2556 183 12 Change log Linux hosts fixed module dependency for shipped modules bug 3115 Linux hosts moved the udev rules for USB forward so that they don t override existing system rules bug 3143 Linux hosts fixed the issue with guest not being able to communicate with each other when attached via TAP interfaces bug 3215 Linux hosts give up probing for USB gracefully if DBus or hal are not available bug 3136 Linux hosts fixed warnings in installer when SELinux was disabled bug 3098 Linux hosts VirtualBox sometimes failed to start if it had been started using sudo previously bug 3270 Solaris hosts fixed high CPU load while running many guests in parallel Solaris hosts fixed inability to start more than 128 VMs VMM fixed performance regre
165. ccess to entire physical hard disk 142 9 11 2 Access to individual physical hard disk partitions 143 9 12 Allowing a virtual machine to start even with unavailable CD DVD floppy CONSE cf ck TTC ET 144 9 13 Fine tuning the VirtualBox NAT engine o o 145 9 13 1 Configuring the address of a NAT network interface 145 Contents 9 13 2 Configuring the boot server next server of a NAT network in io CL 145 9 13 3 Tuning TCP IP buffers for NAT o 145 9 13 4 Binding NAT sockets to a specific interface 146 9 13 5 Enabling DNS proxy in NAT mode 146 9 13 6 Using the host s resolver as a DNS proxy in NAT mode 147 9 14 Configuring the maximum resolution of guests when using the graphi li AI Go EE ek gh Be a we GH 147 9 15 Configuring the BIOS DMI information 147 9 16 Configuring the guest time stamp counter TSC to reflect guest execution148 9 17 Configuring the hard disk vendor product data VPD 149 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces 150 11 Troubleshooting 151 EL SACRED oe see ete a A ee eee Be eS 151 11 1 1 Collecting debugging information 151 11 1 2 Guest shows IDE SATA errors for file based images on slow host o Lus dd doxes dove e GEE RR we teca 151 11 1 3 Responding to guest IDE SATA flush requests 152 11 2 Windows Guests ooo msc exor koh x ee m Rn 153 11 2 1 Windows bl
166. ce reliability and better standards compliance IDE added experimental support for ATAPI passthrough to use CD DVD burners inside VMs VMM fixed user mode IOPL handling hwclock failure VMM fixed crashes upon termination in Linux X servers VMM fixed problems with Knoppix 5 0 and other Linux kernels 2 6 15 VMM improved handling of self modifying code aka Linux 2 6 15 errors VMM introduce release logging for better serviceability VMM significant performance improvements especially for Linux 2 6 guests VRDP several issues have been fixed VRDP fixed enhanced rdesktop to build correctly under Linux 2 6 15 Additions added support for SUSE 10 1 and Fedora Core 5 NAT improved performance and stability NAT handle host IP configuration changes at runtime 222 12 Change log VBoxManage made VRDP authentication configurable VDI added workaround against possible Windows host deadlocks caused by a synchronization flaw in Windows ACPI improved host power status reporting 12 37 Version 1 1 6 2006 04 18 ACPI added workaround for XP SP2 crash in intelppm sys the real problem is a bug in this driver IDE added support for image files of up to 8 terabytes API fixed several race conditions on SMP systems Network significant performance improvements VRDP fixed several issues with USB redirection IDE added workaround for Windows 2000 installation problems due to a bug in the Windows disk driver see troublesho
167. ce code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as ex pressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as
168. ch is de scribed in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as Original Code and which at the time of its release under this License is not already Covered Code governed by this License 1 10 1 Patent Claims means any patent claim s now owned or hereafter ac quired including without limitation method process and apparatus claims in any patent Licensable by grantor 1 11 Source Code means the preferred form of the Covered Code for making modifications to it including all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files scripts used to control compilation and installation of an Executable or source code differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another well known available Covered Code of the Contributor s choice The Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form provided the appropriate decompression or de archiving software is widely available for no charge 1 12 You or Your means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under and complying with all of the terms of this License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6 1 For legal entities You includes any entity which controls is controlled by or is under common control with You For purposes of this definition control means a the power direct or indirect to cause the direction or management of such entity whether by contract or otherwise or b ownership of
169. choose VBoxWindowsAdditions exe from the CD DVD drive inside the guest to start the installer The installer will add several device drivers to the Windows driver database and then invoke the hardware detection wizard Depending on your configuration it might display warnings that the drivers are not digitally signed You must confirm these in order to continue the installation and properly install the Additions After installation reboot your guest operating system to activate the Additions 4 3 2 Updating the Windows Guest Additions Windows Guest Additions can be updated by running the installation program again as previously described This will then replace the previous Additions drivers with updated versions Alternatively you may also open the Windows Device Manager and select Update driver for two devices 1 the VirtualBox Graphics Adapter and 2 the VirtualBox System Device For each choose to provide your own driver and use Have Disk to point the wizard to the CD ROM drive with the Guest Additions 63 4 Guest Additions 4 3 3 Unattended Installation In order to allow for completely unattended guest installations you can specify a command line parameter to the install launcher VBoxWindowsAdditions exe S This automatically installs the right files and drivers for the corresponding platform 32 or 64 bit Note Because of the drivers are not yet WHQL certified you still might get some driver in
170. ckage and has been integrated into the main package Install the VirtualBox package using pkgadd d VirtualBox 3 1 0 BETA1 SunOS pkg 41 2 Installation details Note If you are using Solaris Zones to install VirtualBox only into the current zone and not into any other zone use pkgadd G For more information refer to the pkgadd manual see also chapter 2 4 5 Configuring a zone for running VirtualBox page 43 The installer will then prompt you to enter the package you wish to install Choose 1 or all and proceed Next the installer will ask you if you want to allow the postinstall script to be executed Choose y and proceed as it is essential to execute this script which installs the VirtualBox kernel module Following this confirmation the installer will install VirtualBox and execute the postinstall setup script Once the postinstall script has been executed your installation is now complete You may now safely delete the uncompressed package and aut oresponse files from your system VirtualBox would be installed in opt VirtualBox 2 4 2 Starting VirtualBox on Solaris The easiest way to start a VirtualBox program is by running the program of your choice VirtualBox VBoxManage VBoxSDL or VBoxHeadless from a terminal These are symbolic links to VBox sh that start the required program for you Alternatively you can directly invoke the required programs from opt VirtualBox Using the links provided is
171. cking inside it To return ownership of keyboard and mouse to your host operating system VirtualBox reserves a special key on your keyboard for itself the host key By default this is the right Control key on your keyboard on a Mac host the default host key is the left Command key You can change this default in the VirtualBox Global Settings In any case the current setting for the host key is always displayed at the bottom right of your VM window should you have forgotten about it 21 1 First steps Recycle Bin In detail all this translates into the following e Your keyboard is owned by the VM if the VM window on your host desktop has the keyboard focus and then if you have many windows open in your guest operating system as well the window that has the focus in your VM This means that if you want to type within your VM click on the title bar of your VM window first To release keyboard ownership press the Host key as explained above typically the right Control key Note that while the VM owns the keyboard some key sequences like Alt Tab for example will no longer be seen by the host but will go to the guest instead After you press the host key to re enable the host keyboard all key presses will go through the host again so that sequences like Alt Tab will no longer reach the guest e Your mouse is owned by the VM only after you have clicked in the VM window The host mouse pointer will disappear a
172. ckward and forward in time 26 1 First steps 1 8 Virtual machine configuration When you select a virtual machine from the list in the main VirtualBox window you will see a summary of that machine s settings on the right of the window under the Details tab Clicking on the Settings button in the toolbar at the top of VirtualBox main window brings up a detailed window where you can configure many of the properties of the VM that is currently selected But be careful even though it is possible to change all VM settings after installing a guest operating system certain changes might prevent a guest operating system from functioning correctly if done after installation Note The Settings button is disabled while a VM is either in the running or saved state This is simply because the settings dialog allows you to change fundamental characteristics of the virtual computer that is created for your guest operating system and this operating system may not take it well when for example half of its memory is taken away from under its feet As a result if the Settings button is disabled shut down the current VM first VirtualBox provides a plethora of parameters that can be changed for a virtual ma chine The various settings that can be changed in the Settings window are described in detail in chapter 3 Configuring virtual machines page 44 Even more parameters are available with the command line int
173. code must not be misrepresented 259 14 Third party licenses 2 Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be misrepresented as being the original source 3 This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered from any source or altered source distribution The Contributing Authors and Group 42 Inc specifically permit without fee and encourage the use of this source code as a component to supporting the PNG file format in commercial products If you use this source code in a product acknowledgment is not required but would be appreciated 14 2 11 IwIP license Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WAR RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LI
174. command is also supported and mapped internally to the clonehd com mand 124 8 VBoxManage reference 8 18 VBoxManage convertfromraw This command converts a raw disk image to a VirtualBox Disk Image VDI file The syntax is as follows VBoxManage convertfromraw lt filename gt lt outputfile gt format VDI VMDK VHD variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX VBoxManage convertfromraw stdin lt outputfile gt lt bytes gt format VDI VMDK VHD variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX where the parameters mean format Select the disk image format to create Default is VDI variant Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file It is a comma separated list of variant flags Not all combinations are supported and specifying inconsistent flags will result in an error message The second form forces VBoxManage to read the content for the disk image from standard input useful for using that command in a pipe Note For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox the convertdd command is also supported and mapped internally to the convertfromraw command 8 19 VBoxManage addiscsidisk The addiscsidisk command attaches an iSCSI network storage unit to VirtualBox The iSCSI target can then be made available to and used by a virtual machine as though it were a standard write through virtual disk image This command has the following syntax VBoxManage
175. d Linux module fixed build error on Red Hat 2 4 21 15 EL NT Additions fixed installation and a trap Win2k XP Additions fixed installation 12 48 Version 1 0 37 2005 04 12 Initial build with change log 231 13 Known limitations The following section describes some issues that are known not to work in VirtualBox 3 1 0 BETA1 Unless marked otherwise these issues are planned to be fixed in later releases The following Guest SMP multiprocessor limitations exist Poor performance with 32 bit guests on AMD CPUs This affects mainly Windows and Solaris guests but possibly also some Linux kernel revisions Partially solved in 3 0 6 for 32 bits Windows NT 2000 XP and 2003 guests Requires 3 0 6 or higher Guest Additions to be installed Poor performance with 32 bit guests on certain Intel CPU models that do not include virtual APIC hardware optimization support This affects mainly Windows and Solaris guests but possibly also some Linux kernel revisions 64 bit guests on 32 bit hosts do not support SMP yet except on Mac OS X 64 bit guests on some 32 bit host systems with VT x can cause instabilities to your system If you experience this do not attempt to execute 64 bit guests Refer to the VirtualBox user forum for additional information Direct 3D support in Windows guests For this to work the Guest Additions must be installed in Windows safe mode Press F8 when the Windows guest is booting and selec
176. d Xorg modules path for some Linux distributions bug 2128 e VMDK be more liberal with ambiguous parts of the format specification and accept more format variants bug 2062 VHD fixed a bug in the VHD backend which resulted in reading the wrong data bug 2085 Solaris hosts fixed kernel panic on certain machines when starting VMs with host interface networking bug 2183 Solaris hosts fixed inability to access NFS shares on the host when host interface networking was enabled Solaris hosts installer now detects and reports when installing under the wrong architecture Solaris hosts fixed security hardening that prevented starting VMs from non global zones even as root bug 1948 Solaris Additions combined the 32 bit and 64 bit Additions installer into a single package Mac OS X hosts experimental support for attaching a real serial port to the guest 12 18 Version 2 0 0 2008 09 04 This version is a major update The following major new features were added e 64 bits guest support 64 bits host only e New native Leopard user interface on Mac OS X hosts e The GUI was converted from Qt3 to Qt4 with many visual improvements 196 12 Change log New version notifier Guest property information interface Host Interface Networking on Mac OS X hosts New Host Interface Networking on Solaris hosts Support for Nested Paging on modern AMD CPUs major performance gain Framework for collecting performance and resourc
177. d to the virtual hard disk controller that VirtualBox presents to a virtual machine This is explained in the next section 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCI SCSI In a real PC hard disks and CD ROM DVD drives are connected to a device called hard disk controller which drives hard disk operation and data transfers VirtualBox can emulate the three most common types of hard disk controllers typically found in today s PCs IDE SCSI and SATA AHCI e IDE ATA controllers have been in use since the 1980s Initially this type of interface worked only with hard disks but was later extended to also support CD ROM drives and other types of removable media In physical PCs this stan dard uses flat ribbon parallel cables with 40 or 80 wires Each such cable can connect two devices to a controller which have traditionally been called master and slave Typical hard disk controllers have two connectors for such cables as a result most PCs support up to four devices In VirtualBox each virtual machine has one IDE controller enabled by default You can therefore connect up to four virtual storage devices to a virtual ma chine Since one of these the secondary master is always configured to be a ISATA support was added with VirtualBox 1 6 experimental SCSI support was added with 2 1 and fully implemented with 2 2 76 5 Virtual storage CD ROM DVD drive this leaves you with up to three virtual hard disks that you
178. de by that Contributor 3 Distribution Obligations 3 1 Application of License The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this License including without limitation Section 2 2 The Source Code version of Covered Code may be distributed only under the terms of this License or a future version of this License released under Section 6 1 and You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code You distribute You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License or the recipients rights hereunder However You may include an additional document offering the additional rights described in Section 3 5 3 2 Availability of Source Code Any Modification which You create or to which You contribute must be made available in Source Code form under the terms of this License either on the same media as an Executable version or via an accepted Elec tronic Distribution Mechanism to anyone to whom you made an Executable version available and if made available via Electronic Distribution Mechanism must remain available for at least twelve 12 months after the date it initially became available or at least six 6 months after a subsequent version of that particular Modification has been made available to such recipients You are responsible for ensuring that the 251 14 Third party licenses Source Code vers
179. describe every feature that VirtualBox provides for virtual machines For example snapshot information gets lost on export the disk images will have a flattened state identical to the current state of the virtual machine but any snapshots that were defined for the machine will have been merged 31 2 Installation details As installation of VirtualBox varies depending on your host operating system we pro vide installation instructions in four separate chapters for Windows Mac OS X Linux and Solaris respectively 2 1 Installing on Windows hosts 2 1 1 Prerequisites For the various versions of Windows that we support as host operating systems please refer to chapter 1 3 Supported host operating systems page 14 In addition Windows Installer 1 1 or higher must be present on your system This should be the case if you have all recent Windows updates installed 2 1 2 Performing the installation The VirtualBox installation can be started e either by double clicking on its executable file contains both 32 and 64 bit architectures e or by entering VirtualBox exe extract on the command line This will extract both installers into a temporary directory in which you ll then find the usual MSI files Then you can do a msiexec i VirtualBox version MultiArch x86 amd64 msi to perform the installation In either case this will display the installation welcome dialog and allow you to choose where to inst
180. does not let you specify a separate domain name Instead use domain username in the Username field for example 2 name name must be supplied and must be the name used to log in if the VRDP server is set up to require credentials If it is not you may use any text as the username 9 8 Releasing modifiers with VBoxSDL on Linux When switching from a X virtual terminal VT to another VT using Ctrl Alt Fx while the VBoxSDL window has the input focus the guest will receive Ctrl and Alt keypress events without receiving the corresponding key release events This is an architectural limitation of Linux In order to reset the modifier keys it is possible to send SIGUSR1 to the VBoxSDL main thread first entry in the ps list For example when switching away to another VT and saving the virtual machine from this terminal the following sequence can be used to make sure the VM is not saved with stuck modifiers kill usri pid VBoxManage controlvm Windows 2000 savestate 9 9 Launching more than 120 VMs on Solaris hosts Solaris hosts have a fixed number of IPC semaphores IDs per process preventing users from starting more than 120 VMs While trying to launch more VMs you would be shown a Cannot create IPC semaphore error In order to run more VMs you will need to bump the semaphore ID limit of the VBoxSVC process Execute as root the prct 1 command as shown below The process ID of VBoxSVC can be obtained using the ps list command
181. dow Under this name VirtualBox also saves the VM s configuration files By changing the name VirtualBox renames these files as well As a result you can only use characters which are allowed in your host operating system s file names Note that internally VirtualBox uses unique identifiers UUIDs to identify virtual machines You can display these with VBoxManage Operating system Version The type of the guest operating system that is or will be installed in the VM This is the same setting that was specified in the New Virtual Machine wizard as described with chapter 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine page 17 above 3 3 2 Advanced tab Snapshot folder By default VirtualBox saves snapshot data together with your other VirtualBox configuration data see chapter 9 1 VirtualBox configuration data page 132 With this setting you can specify any other folder for each VM Shared clipboard 1f the virtual machine has Guest Additions installed you can select here whether the clipboard of the guest operating system should be shared with that of your host If you select Bidirectional then VirtualBox will always make sure that both clipboards contain the same data If you select Host to guest or Guest to host then VirtualBox will only ever copy clipboard data in one direction Remember mounted media at runtime If this is checked VirtualBox will save the state of what media has been mounted between several runs of
182. e based on the explanations below When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom of use not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs and that you are informed that you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of the library whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code If you link other code with the library you must provide complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them with 242 14 Third party licenses the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with a two step method 1 we copyright the library and 2 we offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the library To protect each distributor we
183. e Virtual serial ports see chapter 3 10 Serial ports page 55 e Support for 64 bit Windows hosts see chapter 1 3 Supported host operating systems page 14 e Intel PXE 2 1 network boot e Guest Additions for IBM OS 2 Warp In addition the following items were fixed and or added e GUI sometimes two mouse cursors were visible when Windows guest Additions became active e GUI added VI x AMD V settings e GUI disable Show log menu entry to prevent crash if VM list is empty e GUI the log window grabbed the keyboard e GUI fixed error handling if Linux host clipboard initialization fails 210 12 Change log GUI pass the Pause key and the PrtScrn key to the guest Linux hosts GUI increased maximum guest RAM to 2 GB Windows host GUI improved rendering performance Windows host GUI status lights for USB and shared folders GUI properly respect the DISPLAY environment variable GUI download Guest Additions from virtualbox org in case they are not present locally VRDP support for multimonitor configurations in Windows guests VRDP support for MS RDP6 and MS RDP Mac clients VRDP added support for WinConnect RDP client VRDP performance improvements VRDP fixed sporadic client disconnects VBoxManage never delete existing target during clonevdi VBoxManage properly print the size of currently used hard disks VMM fixed Xandros Desktop 4 1 hang VMM fixed VI x AMD V hang with newer versions of gcc L
184. e file systems however require more than a minute to complete a single write if the host cache contains a large amount of data that needs to be written The symptom for this problem is that the guest can no longer access its files during large write or copying operations usually leading to an immediate hang of the guest 151 11 Troubleshooting In order to work around this problem the true fix is to use a faster file system that doesn t exhibit such unacceptable write performance it is possible to flush the image file after a certain amount of data has been written This interval is normally infinite but can be configured individually for each disk of a VM For IDE disks use the following command VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 LUN x Config FlushInterval b For SATA disks use the following command VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 LUN x Config FlushInterval b The value x that selects the disk for IDE is O for the master device on the first channel 1 for the slave device on the first channel 2 for the master device on the second channel or 3 for the master device on the second channel For SATA use values between 0 and 29 Only disks support this configuration option It must not be set for CD ROM drives The unit of the interval b is the number of bytes written since the last flush The value for it must be selected so that the occasional long write delays
185. e server address to connect to as well as the port number that the RDP server is using By default the VRDP server uses the standard RDP TCP port 3389 You will need to change the default port if you run more than one VRDP server since the port can only be used by one server at a time you might also need to change it on Windows hosts since the default port might already be used by the RDP server that is built into Windows itself Ports 5000 through 5050 are typically not used and might be a good choice The port can be changed either in the Display settings of the graphical user inter face or with vrdpport option of the VBoxManage modifyvm command You can specify a comma separated list of ports or ranges of ports Use a dash between two port numbers to specify a range The VRDP server will bind to one of available ports from the specified list For example VBoxManage modifyvm lt vm gt vrdpport 5000 5010 5012 will configure the server to bind to one of the ports 5000 5010 5011 or 5012 See chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 for details The actual port used by a running VM can be either queried with VBoxManage showvminfo command or seen in the GUI on the Runtime tab of the Session Information Dialog which is accessible via the Machine menu of the VM win dow Here follow examples for the most common RDP viewers e On Windows you can use the Microsoft Terminal Services Connector mstsc exe that ships with Windows You c
186. e unavoidable when mixing VT x and software virtualization VMs We recommend not mixing virtualization modes if maximum performance and low overhead are essential This does not apply to AMD V In addition to plain hardware virtualization your processor may also support ad ditional sophisticated techniques e Anewer feature called nested paging implements some memory management in hardware which can greatly accelerate hardware virtualization since these tasks no longer need to be performed by the virtualization software VirtualBox 2 0 added support for AMD s nested paging support for Intel s EPT and VPIDs was added with version 2 1 50 3 Configuring virtual machines On AMD processors nested paging has been available starting with the Barcelona K10 architecture Intel added support for nested paging which they call extended page tables EPT with their Core i7 Nehalem processors Nested paging is still disabled by default even for new machines but it can be enabled for each virtual machine individually in the machine settings If your system supports nested paging AMD V or EPT VT x then you can expect a significant performance increase by enabling hardware virtualization and the nested paging feature e Another hardware feature called Virtual Processor Identifiers VPIDs can greatly accelerate context switching by reducing the need for expensive flushing of the processor s Transl
187. e usage data metrics Added SATA asynchronous IO NCQ Native Command Queuing when accessing raw disks partitions major performance gain Clipboard integration for OS 2 Guests Created separate SDK component featuring a new Python programming interface on Linux and Solaris hosts Support for VHD disk images In addition the following items were fixed and or added VMM VT x fixes AHCI improved performance GUI keyboard fixes Linux installer properly uninstall the package even if unregistering the DKMS module fails Linux Additions the guest screen resolution is properly restored Network added support for jumbo frames gt 1536 bytes Shared Folders fixed guest crash with Windows Media Player 11 Mac OS X Ctrl Left mouse click doesn t simulate a right mouse click in the guest anymore Use Hostkey Left for a right mouse click emulation bug 1766 12 19 Version 1 6 6 2008 08 26 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM fixed excessive logging bug 1901 VMM AMD V stability fixes bug 1685 GUI added support for Ctrl Caps reversed keyboards bug 1891 197 12 Change log SATA fixed BSODs of Windows guests on a SATA disk bug 1941 SATA fixed hard disk detection on Solaris 10 U5 bug 1789 VBoxHeadless don t start the clipboard service bug 1743 VBoxHeadless added vrdp parameter which allows to start the VM session with out VRDP bug 1960 VBoxManage
188. e vendor and product ID are already quite specific to iden tify USB devices if you have two identical devices of the same brand and product line you will also need their serial numbers to filter them out correctly 57 3 Configuring virtual machines 3 Remote This setting specifies whether the device will be local only or remote only over VRDP or either On a Windows host you will need to unplug and reconnect a USB device to use it after creating a filter for it As an example you could create a new USB filter and specify a vendor ID of 046d Logitech Inc a manufacturer index of 1 and not remote Then any USB devices on the host system produced by Logitech Inc with a manufacturer index of 1 will be visible to the guest system Several filters can select a single device for example a filter which selects all Logitech devices and one which selects a particular webcam You can deactivate filters without deleting them by clicking in the checkbox next to the filter name 3 11 2 Implementation notes for Windows and Linux hosts On Windows hosts a kernel mode device driver provides USB proxy support It imple ments both a USB monitor which allows VirtualBox to capture devices when they are plugged in and a USB device driver to claim USB devices for a particular virtual ma chine As opposed to VirtualBox versions before 1 4 0 system reboots are no longer necessary after installing the driver Also you no longer need
189. eadapter 1 N none lt devicename gt intnet 1 N network name natnet 1 N network default macaddress lt 1 N gt auto lt mac gt uart 1 N off lt I O base lt IRO gt uartmode 1 N disconnected server lt pipe gt client lt pipe gt file lt file gt lt devicename gt gueststatisticsinterval lt seconds gt audio none null dsound solaudio oss coreaudio audiocontroller ac97 sb16 clipboard disabled hosttoguest guesttohost bidirectional vrdp onloff vrdpport default lt ports gt vrdpaddress lt host gt vrdpauthtype null external guest vrdpmulticon on loff vrdpreusecon on off usb onloff usbehci on off snapshotfolder default lt path gt teleporterenabled on off teleporterport lt port gt teleporteraddress address empty teleporterpassword lt password gt hardwareuuid lt uuid gt lt ovf gt dry run n more options run with n to have options displayed for a particular OVF machines output o ovf legacy09 vsys lt number of virtual system gt product product name gt producturl product url gt vendor vendor name gt vendorurl vendor url gt version version info gt 104 VBoxManage startvm VBoxManage controlvm VBoxManage discardstate VBoxManage adoptstate VBoxManage snapshot VBoxManage openmedium VBoxManage closemedium V
190. eamless mode Mac OS X hosts only bug 2067 GUI fixed standard menu entries for NLS versions Mac OS X hosts only GUI disable the VI x AMD V setting when it s not supported by the CPU or on Mac OS X hosts VBoxManage fixed crash during internalcommands createrawvmdk bug 2184 VBoxManage fixed output of snapshot showvminfo bug 698 Guest properties added information about guest network interfaces Windows guests only Shared Folders fixed regression that caused Windows guest crashes API fixed number of installed CPUs Solaris hosts only VRDP allow a client to reconnect to an existing session on the VRDP server by dropping the existing connection configurable and disabled by default only relevant when multiconnection mode is disabled VRDP fixed an image repaint problem Linux hosts fixed bug in vboxdrv ko that could corrupt kernel memory and panic the kernel bug 2078 Linux hosts compile fixes for kernel module on Linux 2 6 27 195 12 Change log Mac OS X hosts added Python support Additions fixed a possible hang in HGCM communication after a VM reboot Windows Additions added support for Windows XP 64 bits bug 2117 Linux Additions deactivate dynamic resizing on Linux guests with buggy X servers Linux Additions support Ubuntu 8 10 guests and Fedora 9 guests dynamic resizing disabled for the latter Linux Additions added installer check for the system architecture Linux Additions fixe
191. ecified physical disk 9 11 2 Access to individual physical hard disk partitions This raw partition support is quite similar to the full hard disk access described above However in this case any partitioning information will be stored inside the VMDK image so you can e g install a different boot loader in the virtual hard disk without affecting the host s partitioning information While the guest will be able to see all partitions that exist on the physical disk access will be filtered in that reading from partitions for which no access is allowed the partitions will only yield zeroes and all writes to them are ignored To create a special image for raw partition support which will contain a small amount of data as already mentioned on a Linux host use the command VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk filename path to file vmdk rawdisk dev sda partitions 1 5 As you can see the command is identical to the one for full hard disk access except for the additional partitions parameter This example would create the image path to file vmdk which again must be absolute and partitions 1 and 5 of dev sda would be made accessible to the guest VirtualBox uses the same partition numbering as your Linux host As a result the numbers given in the above example would refer to the first primary partition and the first logical drive in the extended partition respectively On a Windows host instead of the above device
192. ed fixes bugs 2342 2341 2761 VMM fixed guru meditation when installing Suse Enterprise Server 10U2 VI x only bug 3039 VMM fixed guru meditation when booting Novell Netware 4 11 VT x only bug 2898 VMM fixed VERR ADDRESS TOO BIG error on some Mac OS X systems when starting a VM VMM clear MSR K6 EFER SVME after probing for AMD V bug 3058 VMM fixed guru meditation during Windows 7 boot with more than 2 GB guest RAM VT x nested paging only VMM fixed hang during OS 2 MCP2 boot AMD V and VT x only VMM fixed loop during OpenBSD 4 0 boot VI x only VMM fixed random crashes related to FPU XMM with 64 bits guests on 32 bits hosts VMM fixed occasional XMM state corruption with 64 bits guests GUI raised the RAM limit for new VMs to 75 of the host memory GUI added Windows 7 as operating system type VBoxSDL fixed fixed fixedmode parameter bug 3067 Clipboard stability fixes Linux and Solaris hosts only bug 2675 and 3003 3D support fixed VM crashes for certain guest applications bugs 2781 2797 2972 3089 LsiLogic improved support for Windows guests still experimental VGA fixed a 2 1 0 regression where guest screen resize events were not properly handled bug 2783 VGA significant performance improvements when using VI x AMD V on Mac OS X hosts VGA better handling for VRAM offset changes fixes GRUB2 and Dos DOOM display issues VGA custom VESA modes with invalid widt
193. ed support for devices with integrated USB hubs 12 41 Version 1 0 48 2005 11 23 Note The configuration has to be deleted as the format has changed On Linux issue rm rf VirtualBox On Windows remove the directory C Documents and Set tings lt username gt VirtualBox If you fail to do so VirtualBox will not startup Note Guest Additions have to be updated VMM fixed a Linux 2 6 guest panic on certain P4 CPUs VMM performance improvements Graphics fixed y offset handling in dynamic resolution mode secure labeling support VDI added support for immutable independent images part of the upcoming snapshot feature Additions added VBoxControl command line utility to get set the guest video acceleration status Additions video acceleration is turned off by default use VBoxControl to enable it It usually helps for VRDP performance GUI DirectDraw support for faster display handling on Win32 226 12 Change log GUI allow creation and assignment of disk images in the New VM wizard USB fixed high CPU load on certain Linux distributions VBoxSDL fixed several secure labeling issues crash at exit protection against guest video modes greater than what SDL provides on the host VBoxManage convert command line parameters from the current codepage to Unicode 12 42 Version 1 0 46 2005 11 04 Note Guest Additions have to be updated Linux VirtualBox binaries can now be started from directories other than the
194. el releases have bugs that prevent them from exe cuting in a virtual environment please see chapter 11 3 3 Buggy Linux 2 6 kernel versions page 155 for details 44 3 Configuring virtual machines Solaris 10 OpenSolaris Fully supported 32 bits and 64 bits Guest Additions are available FreeBSD Limited support Guest Additions are not available yet OpenBSD Versions 3 7 and later are supported Guest Additions are not available yet OS 2 Warp 4 5 Requires hardware virtualization to be enabled We officially support MCP2 only other OS 2 versions may or may not work Guest Additions are available with a limited feature set 3 2 64 bit guests Starting with version 2 0 VirtualBox supports 64 bit guest operating systems Starting with version 2 1 you can even run 64 bit guests on a 32 bit host operating system The hardware prerequisites are identical for both cases In particular 64 bit guests are supported under the following conditions 1 You need a 64 bit processor with hardware virtualization support see chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 2 You must enable hardware virtualization for the particular VM for which you want 64 bit support software virtualization is not supported for 64 bit VMs 3 If you want to use 64 bit guest support on a 32 bit host operating system you must also select a 64 bit operating system for the particular VM Since supporting 64
195. eleased and notify the user if that is the case In the process anonymous data such as your IP address and a non identifying counter together with the product version and the platform being used is sent so that the server can find out whether an update is available By default this check is performed once a day You change this interval or disable these checks altogether in the VirtualBox preferences 5 Usage of personal information Sun may use anonymous and personal data collected by the means above for statistical purposes as well as to automatically inform you about new notices related to your posts on the bug tracker and forum services to administer the website and to contact you due to technical issues Sun may also inform you about new product releases related to VirtualBox In no event will personal data without your express consent be provided to any third parties unless Sun may be required to do so by law or in connection with legal proceedings 272 15 VirtualBox privacy policy 6 Updates Sun may update this privacy policy by posting a new version on the website You should check this page occasionally to ensure you are happy with any changes 273 Glossary A ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface an industry specification for BIOS and hardware extensions to configure PC hardware and perform power manage ment Windows 2000 and higher as well as Linux 2 4 and higher support ACPI Windows can only enable
196. emented full pointer shape support for all pointer color depths including alpha channel VBoxManage several command extensions 12 46 Version 1 0 39 2005 05 05 Note Guest Additions have to be updated Linux converted XPCOM runtime to a single shared object Linux fixed SIGALRM process crash on certain distributions VMM fixed Linux guests with grsecurity address space scrambling ACPI added experimental ACPI support VRDP added shadow buffer for reduced bandwidth usage VRDP added support for pointer shapes and remote pointer cache GUI added support for pointer shapes Windows Additions added support for high resolution video modes including multi screen modes 2 3 and 4 screens VBoxManage added new command line tool to automate simple administration tasks without having to write application code 12 47 Version 1 0 38 2005 04 27 GUI fixed creation of disk images larger than 4GB GUI added network and audio configuration panels GUI several keyboard issues fixed VBoxSDL fixed tunfd handling and added tundev Linux host IDE significant performance improvements in DMA modes Video VRAM size is now configurable 1MB 128MB default 4MB 230 12 Change log e VMM fixed several crashes and hangs while installing certain builds of Windows 2000 and XP VMM allow guests to have more than 512MB of RAM e VMM resolved compatibility issues with SMP systems Windows Host e VRDP process cleanup on Linux fixe
197. er e VMM significant performance improvements for PAE and AMD64 guests VI x and AMD V only normal non nested paging e Experimental support for EFI Extended Firmware Interface In addition the following items were fixed and or added e VMM reduced IO APIC overhead for 32 bits Windows NT 2000 XP 2003 guests requires 64 bits support VT x only bug 4392 e VMM fixed double timer interrupt delivery on old Linux kernels using IO APIC caused guest time to run at double speed bug 73135 e VMM reinit VI x and AMD V after host suspend or hibernate some BIOSes for get this Windows hosts only bug 5421 e GUI prevent starting a VM with a single mouse click bug 2676 e 3D support major performance improvement in VBO processing 163 12 Change log 3D support added GL EXT framebuffer object GL EXT compiled vertex array support 3D support fix crashes in FarCry SecondLife Call of Duty Unreal Tournament Eve Online 2801 2791 3D support fix graphics corruption in World of Warcraft 772816 iSCSI support iSCSI targets with more than 2TiB capacity VRDP fixed occasional VRDP server crash bug 5424 Network fixed the E1000 emulation for QNX and probably other guests bug 3206 Network even if the virtual network cable was disconnected some guests were able to send receive packets E1000 bug 5366 Network even if the virtual network cable was disconnected the PCNet card received some spurious pac
198. er allow smooth upgrade without deinstallation Linux installer fixed Slackware detection regression Linux installer updated VBoxTunctl allowing to assign a tap device to a group on Linux kernels gt 2 6 23 Windows Additions several fixes in particular for Windows NT4 Windows Additions made them uninstallable Linux Additions fixed installer for Kubuntu 8 04 Linux Additions add default video mode for handling video mode hints from the host Linux host compatibility fixes with Linux gt 2 6 24 205 12 Change log 12 24 Version 1 5 4 2007 12 29 This version is a maintenance release It adds USB 2 0 support and a PulseAudio backend GUI fixed registration dialog crashes GUI allow to enter unicode characters to the name of the registration dialog GUI pre select attached media in the disk manager when opened from the VM settings dialog GUI remember the last active VM GUI ask before reset the VM GUI don t accept empty paths for serial parallel ports in XML GUI fixed NumLock CapsLock synchronization on Windows hosts GUI don t start the kernel timer if no VM is active Linux host GUI fixed accelerators in German translation VMM improved compatibility with Solaris guests VMM properly restore CR4 after leaving VI x mode VMM fix interrupt storm with Windows guests under certain circumstances e g disable re enable the network adapter VMM with VT x a pending interrupt could be cleared behind our
199. er containing the installation data for the guest operating system to install we will assume Windows XP in the following example 3 a terminal connection to that host over which you can access a command line e g via telnet or ssh 4 an RDP viewer on the remote client see chapter 7 4 1 Common third party RDP viewers page 97 above for examples Note again that on the server machine since we will only use the headless server neither Qt nor SDL nor the X Window system will be needed 1 On the headless server create a new virtual machine VBoxManage createvm name Windows XP register Note that if you do not specify register you will have to manually use the registervm command later 2 Make sure the settings for this VM are appropriate for the guest operating system that we will install For example VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP memory 256MB acpi on bootl dvd nicl nat 3 Create a virtual hard disk for the VM in this case 10GB in size and register it with VirtualBox VBoxManage createhd filename WinXP vdi size 10000 remember 4 Set this newly created VDI file as the first virtual hard disk of the new VM VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP hda WinXP vdi 99 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines 5 Register the ISO file that contains the operating system installation that you want to install later VBoxManage openmedium dvd full path to iso iso 6 Attach this ISO
200. er usually found in etc X11 xorg conf VirtualBox can use any default X graphics mode which fits into the virtual video memory allocated to the virtual machine as described in chapter 3 3 General settings 66 4 Guest Additions page 46 You can also add your own modes to the X server configuration file You simply need to add them to the Modes list in the Display subsection of the Screen section For example the section shown here has a custom 2048x800 resolution mode added Section Screen Identifier Default Screen Device VirtualBox graphics card Monitor Generic Monitor DefaultDepth 24 SubSection Display Depth 24 Modes 2048x800 800x600 640x480 EndSubSection EndSection 4 4 3 Updating the Linux Guest Additions The Guest Additions can simply be updated by going through the installation proce dure again with an updated CD ROM image This will replace the drivers with updated versions You should reboot after updating the Guest Additions 4 5 Solaris Guest Additions Like the Windows Guest Additions the VirtualBox Guest Additions for Solaris take the form of a set of device drivers and system applications which may be installed in the guest operating system The following Solaris distributions are officially supported e OpenSolaris Nevada Build 82 and higher this includes OpenSolaris 2008 05 2008 11 and 2009 06 e OpenSolaris Indiana Developer Preview 2 and higher e Solaris
201. er Port 0 Teleporter Address Teleporter Password Storage Controller 0 IDE Controller Storage Controller Type 0 PIIX4 Storage Controller 1 Floppy Controller 1 109 Storage Controller Type 1 182078 IDE Controller IDE Controller Floppy Controller 1 NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC UART 1 UART 2 Ts 0 10 O1 FWD Audio Clipboard Mode VRDP USB 05 Oja 0 1 disabl 8 VBoxManage reference home user windows vdi home user openbsd cd46 iso 0 0 home user floppy img disabl disabl disabl disabl disabl disabl disabl disabl disabl disabl led Driver ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed Bidirectional disabl ed disabl USB Device Filters none Shared folders none Statistics update ed disabled Unknown UUID UUID UUID 46 6e53a 4557 460a 9b95 68b0 17d744b 4335e162 59d3 4512 91d5 b63e94eebe0b 62ac6cch df36 42f2 972e 22f836368137 8 3 VBoxManage registervm unregistervm The registervm command allows you to import a virtual machine definition in an XML file into VirtualBox There are some restrictions here the machine must not conflict with one already registered in VirtualBox and it may not have any hard or removable disks attached It is advisable to place the definition file in the machines folder before registering it Note When creating a new virtual machine with VBoxManage createvm see below
202. er software on your host If you run two VMs at the same time even more memory will be allocated for the second VM which may not even be able to start if that memory is not available On the other hand you should specify as much as your guest OS and your applications will require to run properly A Windows XP guest will require at least a few hundred MB RAM to run properly and Windows Vista will even refuse to install with less than 512 MB Of course if you want to run graphics intensive applications in your VM you may require even more RAM So as a rule of thumb if you have 1 GB of RAM or more in your host computer it is usually safe to allocate 512 MB to each VM But in any case make sure you always have at least 256 to 512 MB of RAM left on your host operating system Otherwise you may cause your host OS to excessively swap out memory to your hard disk effectively bringing your host system to a standstill As with the other settings you can change this setting later after you have cre ated the VM Next you must specify a virtual hard disk for your VM There are many and potentially complicated ways in which VirtualBox can pro vide hard disk space to a VM see chapter 5 Virtual storage page 76 for details but the most common way is to use a large image file on your real hard disk whose contents VirtualBox presents to your VM as if it were a complete hard disk The wizard presents to you the followi
203. erface see chapter 8 VBoxManage reference page 103 For now if you have just created an empty VM you will probably be most interested in the settings presented by the CD DVD ROM section if you want to make a CD ROM or a DVD ROM available the first time you start it in order to install your guest operating system For this you have two options e If you have actual CD or DVD media from which you want to install your guest Operating system e g in the case of a Windows installation CD or DVD put the media into your host s CD or DVD drive Then in the settings dialog go to the CD DVD ROM section and select Host drive with the correct drive letter or in the case of a Linux host device file This will allow your VM to access the media in your host drive and you can proceed to install from there 27 1 First steps Windows Vista III Settings a LE lolx EME General CD DVD ROM Eile Machine E Hard Disks Q E Remote Display p Xi Mount CD DVD Drive N Host CD DVD Drive HL DT ST DVDRAM GSA H10N dev sr0 lew d mu 2 Flo z x id Enable Passthrough 7X pebid P Audio y A o PI p Natwork ISO Image File Serial Ports RHELS Server P 9 UsB Poy Z j Shared Folders FA Fedo O Po MCP2 Po open Q Po E RHEL OQ Po T Solari J Po Select a settings category from the list on the left side and move the mouse over a settings item to get more information 4
204. erface for bootstrapping computers and certain system services later By default VirtualBox uses the BIOS firmware for virtual machines To use EFI for a given virtual machine use the VBoxManage command line interface like this VBoxManage modifyvm vmname firmware efi To switch back to using the BIOS use VBoxManage modifyvm vmname firmware bios One notable user of EFI is Apple s Mac OS X but recent Linuxes such as Fedora 11 and Windows starting with Vista can be booted using EFI as well Note that EFI is experimental and work in progress Please do not enable it in a production environment 59 4 Guest Additions The previous chapter covered getting started with VirtualBox and installing operating systems in a virtual machine For any serious and interactive use the VirtualBox Guest Additions will make your life much easier by providing closer integration between host and guest and improving the interactive performance of guest systems This chapter describes the Guest Additions in detail 4 1 Introduction As said in chapter 1 1 What is virtualization anyway page 9 the Guest Additions are designed to be installed inside a virtual machine after the guest operating system has been installed They consist of device drivers and system applications that optimize the guest operating system for better performance and usability Please see chapter 3 1 Supported guest operating systems page 44 for details on what guest
205. est of this section only applies to those older systems Note The current rdesktop vrdp implementation does not support accessing USB devices through the sysfs As usbfs is a virtual filesystem a chmod on proc bus usb has no effect The permissions for usbfs can therefore only be changed by editing the etc fstab file For example most Linux distributions have a user group called usb or similar of which the current user must be a member To give all users of that group access to usbfs make sure the following line is present 85 is the USB group none proc bus usb usbfs devgid 85 devmode 664 0 0 Replace 85 with the group ID that matches your system search etc group for usb or similar Alternatively if you don t mind the security hole give all users access to USB by changing 664 to 666 The various distributions are very creative from which script the usbfs filesys tem is mounted Sometimes the command is hidden in unexpected places For SuSE 10 0 the mount command is part of the udev configuration file etc udev rules d 50 udev rules As this distribution has no user group called usb you may e g use the vboxusers group which was created by the VirtualBox installer Since group numbers are allocated dynamically the following example uses 85 as a placeholder Modify the line containing a linebreak has been inserted to improve readability DEVPATH module usbcore ACTION add RUN bin mou
206. execution is a sub service in VBoxService exe which will be run every 10 seconds by default You can disable this sub service or increase decrease the waiting time See the command line help by doing a VBoxService ex help for more information The following sequence shows the general behavior of the sysprep execution sub service Check for a value in guest property VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepArgs e If successful detect the sysprep exe based on the operating system If sysprep exe exists execute it with system priviledges using command line arguments given with VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepArgs Wait for sysprep exe to finish 135 9 Advanced topics e Store its exit code in VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepRet In any case the overall status of the sysprep sub service will be written back to VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepRC 0 on success To get a more verbose output of VBoxService exe for debugging do the follow ing e Stop the running VBoxService exe through the Windows Service Control Manager SCM e Open up a console go to SWINDIR System32 and start VBoxService exe with VBoxService ex f vvv This will start VBoxService exe in foreground mode with verbose console logging 9 4 Custom external VRDP authentication As described in chapter 7 4 5 RDP authentication page 101 VirtualBox supports arbi trary external modules to perform authentication with its VRDP servers When the au thentication method is set to e
207. filter should be attached to or use global to apply it to all virtual machines name is a name for the new filter and for global filters action says whether to allow machines access to devices that fit the filter description hold or not to give them access ignore In addition you should specify parameters to filter by You can find the parameters for devices attached to your system using VBoxManage list usbhost Finally you can specify whether the filter should be active and for local filters whether they are for local devices remote over an RDP connection or either 127 8 VBoxManage reference When you modify a USB filter using usbfilter modify you must specify the filter by index see the output of VBoxManage list usbfilters to find global filter indexes and that of VBoxManage showvminfo to find indexes for individual machines and by target which is either a virtual machine or global The properties which can be changed are the same as for usbfilter add To remove a filter use usbfilter remove and specify the index and the target 8 23 VBoxManage sharedfolder add remove This command allows you to share folders on the host computer with guest operat ing systems For this the guest systems must have a version of the VirtualBox guest additions installed which supports this functionality Shared folders are described in detail in chapter 4 7 Folder sharing page 68 8 24 VBoxManage metrics This com
208. find it On older Linux hosts VirtualBox performs the following steps to locate your CD DVD drives 1 VirtualBox examines if the environment variable VBOX_CDROM is defined see below If so VirtualBox omits all the following checks 2 VirtualBox tests if dev cdrom works 3 In addition VirtualBox checks if any CD DVD drives are currently mounted by checking etc mtab 4 In addition VirtualBox checks if any of the entries in etc fstab point to CD DVD devices In other words you can try to set VBOX_CDROM to contain a list of your CD DVD devices separated by colons for example as follows export VBOX_CDROM dev cdrom0 dev cdroml On modern Linux distributions VirtualBox uses the hardware abstraction layer hal to locate CD and DVD hardware 158 11 Troubleshooting 11 5 4 Linux host floppy not found The previous instructions for CD and DVD drives apply accordingly to floppy disks except that on older distributions VirtualBox tests for dev fdx devices by default and this can be overridden with the VBOX_FLOPPY environment variable 11 5 5 Strange guest IDE error messages when writing to CD DVD If the experimental CD DVD writer support is enabled with an incorrect VirtualBox host or guest configuration it is possible that any attempt to access the CD DVD writer fails and simply results in guest kernel error messages for Linux guests or applica tion error messages for Windows guests VirtualBox performs
209. fixed access to host DVD with passthrough disabled bug 4077 Guest Additions fixed problems with KDE 4 not recognizing mouse clicks Windows Additions fixed incorrect 8 bit guest color depth in Windows 7 guests GUI warn if VI x AMD V could not be enabled for guests that require this setting bug 4055 VMM fixed occasional crash due to insufficient memory VMM fixed hanging 64 bits Solaris guests VMM restore from a saved state occasionally failed bugs 3984 and 2742 Clipboard fixed a deadlock while shutting down the shared clipboard on X11 hosts bug 4020 OVF fixed potential hang during import OVF fixed potential crashes during import export on Win64 hosts VBoxManage modifyhd compact fixed bug which could lead to crashes and image corruption bug 3864 177 12 Change log VBoxManage metrics collect now flushes the output stream e VHD made VBoxManage internalcommands sethduuid work for vhd files bug 3443 e VHD some vhd files could not be cloned bug 4080 NAT improvement of TCP connection establishment bug 2987 NAT fixed order of DNS servers in DHCP lease bug 4091 NAT fixed DHCP lease for multiple name servers bug 3692 NAT fixed a potential segfault if the host lost its connectivity bug 3964 Shared Folders deny access to parent directories on Windows hosts bug 4090 Shared Folders make rm rmdir work with Solaris guests on Windows hosts Networking fixed the problem with
210. fixes to creating raw disk partition VMDK files now accepts re movable media on Windows bug 1869 VRDP fixed communication with MS Remote Desktop Connection on Mac OS X bug 1337 VRDP clipboard fixes bug 1410 VRDP fixed crash during PAM authentication bug 1953 Shared Folders fixed a regression introduced in version 1 6 2 the shared folders service was sometimes not properly installed Windows guests only bug 1915 Shared Folders don t deny to load a VM if a shared folder is not accessible bug 822 BIOS allow to specify empty DMI strings bug 1957 OSE archive added missing Makefiles bug 1912 Linux hosts workaround for buggy gcc 4 3 compilers e g openSUSE 11 Linux hosts one more fix for compiling the kernel modules on Linux 2 6 27 bug 1962 Mac OS X hosts shared folders unicode fix Solaris hosts fixed link issue bug 1840 Windows Additions allow to downgrade the package Windows Additions fixed corrupted installer icon on Windows 2000 bug 1486 Windows Additions fixed bug when creating intermediate directories bug 1870 Windows Additions implemented xres yres and depth switches for the installer bug 1990 Linux Additions properly unregister the misc device when unloading the kernel module 198 12 Change log Linux Additions fixed startup order for recent Linux distributions again e g openSUSE 11 Linux Additions attempt to fix the autostart issue of VBoxClient
211. for the Guest Additions of a given virtual machine set the value of its VirtualBox GuestAdd CheckHostVersion guest property to 0 see chapter 4 11 Guest properties page 73 for details 4 3 Windows Guest Additions The VirtualBox Windows Guest Additions are designed to be installed in a virtual machine running a Windows operating system The following versions of Windows guests are supported e Microsoft Windows NT 4 0 any service pack e Microsoft Windows 2000 any service pack Microsoft Windows XP any service pack Microsoft Windows Server 2003 any service pack Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Microsoft Windows Vista all editions Microsoft Windows 7 all editions 4 3 1 Installing the Windows Guest Additions After mounting the Guest Additions ISO file the Windows guest should automatically start the Guest Additions installer which installs the Guest Additions into your Win dows guest Note For Direct 3D acceleration to work in a Windows Guest you must install the Guest Additions in Safe Mode see chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 for details 4 3 1 1 Mounting the Additions ISO file In the Devices menu in the virtual machine s menu bar VirtualBox has a handy menu item named Install guest additions which will automatically bring up the Additions in your VM window If you prefer to mount the additions manually you can perform the following steps 1 Start the virtual mach
212. fore is not an option 2 Speed Internal networking is more efficient than bridged networking as VirtualBox can directly transmit the data without having to send it through the host operating system s networking stack Internal networks are created automatically as needed i e there is no central con figuration Every internal network is identified simply by its name Once there is more than one active virtual network card with the same internal network ID the VirtualBox support driver will automatically wire the cards and act as a network switch The VirtualBox support driver implements a complete Ethernet switch and supports both broadcast multicast frames and promiscuous mode In order to attach a VM s network card to an internal network set its networking mode to internal networking There are two ways to accomplish this e You can use a VM s Settings dialog in the VirtualBox graphical user interface In the Networking category of the settings dialog select Internal Networking from the drop down list of networking modes Now select the name of an exist ing internal network from the drop down below or enter a new name into the entry field e You can use VBoxManage modifyvm VM name gt nic x intnet Op tionally you can specify a network name with the command VBoxManage modifyvm VM name intnet x network name gt If you do not specify a network name the network card will be attac
213. ftware is provided as is without any express or implied warranty In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose including com mercial applications and to alter it and redistribute it freely subject to the following restrictions 1 The origin of this software must not be misrepresented you must not claim that you wrote the original software If you use this software in a product an acknowledg ment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required 2 Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be misrep resented as being the original software 3 This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution Jean loup Gailly Mark Adler jloup gzip org madler alumni caltech edu 14 2 7 OpenSSL license This package is an SSL implementation written by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscape s SSL This library is free for commercial and non commercial use as long as the following conditions are adhered to The following conditions apply to all code found in this distribution be it the RC4 RSA Ihash DES etc code not just the SSL code The SSL documentation included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms except that the holder is Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com Copyright remain
214. g raw partition access bug 1461 Mac OS X hosts improved support for Snow Leopard Linux hosts fixed problems leading to wrong colors or transparency in host windows with some graphics drivers bug 3095 Linux hosts hardware detection fallbacks if the hal service fails to find any DVD drives Linux and Solaris hosts Work around color handling problems in Qt bug 4353 Solaris hosts fixed memory leaks in host only networking Solaris Installer fixed incorrect netmask for Host only interface bug 4590 Solaris Installer added package dependency for Python and Python devel bug 4570 X11 guests prevent windows from being skipped in seamless mode KDE guests bugs 1681 and 3574 X11 guests fixed screen corruption in X11 guests when large amounts of video RAM were allocated bug 4430 X11 guests some fixes when switching between host and guest drawn mouse pointers X11 guests fixed an issue which caused seamless mode to stop working as it should the main issue listed in bug 2238 12 6 Version 3 0 2 2009 07 10 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added e VMM fixed network regressions guest hangs during network IO bug 4343 e VMM guest SMP performance improvements 172 12 Change log VMM fixed hangs and poor performance with Kaspersky Internet Security VT x AMD V only bug 1778 VMM fixed crashes when executing certain Linux guests software virtualizati
215. g to pay Participant a mutually agreeable reasonable royalty for Your past and future use of Modifications made by such Participant or ii withdraw Your litigation claim with re spect to the Contributor Version against such Participant If within 60 days of notice a reasonable royalty and payment arrangement are not mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties or the litigation claim is not withdrawn the rights granted by Participant to You under Sections 2 1 and or 2 2 automatically terminate at the expiration of the 60 day notice period specified above b any software hardware or device other than such Participant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent then any rights granted to You by such Participant under Sections 2 1 b and 2 2 b are revoked effective as of the date You first made used sold distributed or had made Modifications made by that Participant 8 3 If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant alleging that such Participant s Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved such as by license or settlement prior to the initiation of patent in fringement litigation then the reasonable value of the licenses granted by such Partic ipant under Sections 2 1 or 2 2 shall be taken into account in determining the amount or value of any payment or license 254 14 Third party licenses 8 4 In the event of termination under Sectio
216. ge File Name New VM Select the size of the virtual hard disk image in megabytes This size will be reported to the Guest OS as the size of the virtual hard disk Image Size 10 09 GB 4 00 MB 2 00 TB Back Next gt Cancel After having selected or created your image file again press Next to go to the next page 4 After clicking on Finish your new virtual machine will be created You will then see it in the list on the left side of the main window with the name you have entered 1 6 Running your virtual machine You will now see your new virtual machine in the list of virtual machines at the left of the VirtualBox main window To start the virtual machine simply double click on it or select it and press the Start button at the top This opens up a new window and the virtual machine which you selected will boot up Everything which would normally be seen on the virtual system s monitor is shown 20 1 First steps in the window as can be seen with the image in chapter 1 1 What is virtualization anyway page 9 Since this is the first time you are running this VM another wizard will show up to help you select an installation medium Since the VM is created empty it would otherwise behave just like a real computer with no operating system installed it will do nothing and display an error message that it cannot boot an operating system For this reason t
217. ger page 81 28 1 First steps You cannot delete a machine which has snapshots or is in a saved state so you must discard these first 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines Starting with version 2 2 VirtualBox can import and export virtual machines in the industry standard Open Virtualization Format OVF OVF is a cross platform standard supported by many virtualization products which allows for creating ready made virtual machines that can then be imported into a virtualizer such as VirtualBox As opposed to other virtualization products VirtualBox now supports OVF with an easy to use graphical user interface as well as using the command line This allows for packaging so called virtual appliances disk images together with configuration settings that can be distributed easily This way one can offer complete ready to use software packages operating systems with applications that need no configuration or installation except for importing into VirtualBox Note The OVF standard is complex and support in VirtualBox is an ongoing process In particular no guarantee is made that VirtualBox supports all appli ances created by other virtualization software For a list of know limitations please see chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 An appliance in OVF format will typically consist of several files 1 one or several disk images typically in the widely used VMDK format see chap ter 5 2 Disk image files
218. ger ship with drivers for the PCNet card such as Windows Vista see chapter 4 3 5 Windows Vista networking page 64 for details ISupport for the Intel PRO 1000 MT Desktop type was added with VirtualBox 1 6 The T Server variant of the Intel PRO 1000 card was added with VirtualBox 1 6 2 because this one is recognized by Windows XP guests without additional driver installation The MT Server variant was added with VirtualBox 2 2 to facilitate OVF imports from other platforms 85 6 Virtual networking VirtualBox has limited support for so called jumbo frames i e networking packets with more than 1500 bytes of data provided that you use the Intel card virtualiza tion and bridged networking In other words jumbo frames are not supported in NAT mode or with the AMD networking devices in those cases jumbo packets will silently be dropped for both the transmit and the receive direction Guest operating systems trying to use this feature will observe this as a packet loss which may lead to unex pected application behavior in the guest This does not cause problems with guest operating systems in their default configuration as jumbo frames need to be explicitly enabled 6 2 Introduction to networking modes Each of the eight networking adapters can be separately configured to operate in one of the following five modes Not attached In this mode VirtualBox reports to the guest that a network card is present but that there is no connect
219. gine page 145 The network frames sent out by the guest operating system are received by VirtualBox s NAT engine which extracts the TCP IP data and resends it using the host operating system To an application on the host or to another computer on the same network as the host it looks like the data was sent by the VirtualBox application on the host using an IP address belonging to the host VirtualBox listens for replies to the packages sent and repacks and resends them to the guest machine on its private network 6 3 1 Configuring port forwarding with NAT As the virtual machine is connected to a private network internal to VirtualBox and invisible to the host network services on the guest are not accessible to the host ma chine or to other computers on the same network However VirtualBox can make selected services available outside of the guest by using port forwarding This means that VirtualBox listens to certain ports on the host and resends all packets which arrive on them to the guest on the ports used by the services being forwarded To an application on the host or other physical or virtual machines on the network it looks as though the service being proxied is actually running on the host note that this also means that you cannot run the same service on the same ports on the host However you still gain the advantages of running the service in a virtual machine for example services on the host machine or on other virtua
220. gn 12 45 Version 1 0 40 2005 06 17 Note The configuration has to be deleted as the format has changed On Linux issue rm rf VirtualBox On Windows remove the directory C Documents and Set tings lt username gt VirtualBox If you fail to do so VirtualBox will not startup Note Guest Additions have to be updated SDK ship VirtualBox development tools and sample program BIOS made startup logo animation configurable for OEM customers BIOS fixed network card detection under DOS Graphics fixed VESA modes in XP and XFree86 X org Network fixed Linux guest issues Network fixed NAT DHCP server to work with MS DOS TCP IP Network fixed performance issue under heavy guest CPU load Network fixed errors with more than one network card USB added experimental USB support for Linux hosts VMM fixed DOS A20 gate handling in real mode VMM fixed TSS IO bitmap handling crash in Debian Knoppix hardware detec tion routine VMM fixed IO issue which broke VESA in X11 VMM performance improvements for Linux guests VMM added local APIC support VBoxSDL added pointer shape support and use host pointer in fullscreen mode if available GUI determine system parameters e g maximum VDI size using the API 229 12 Change log GUI added detailed error information dialogs GUI special handling of inaccessible media API better error message handling provide system parameters handle inacces sible media Guest Additions impl
221. guration file also in XML format You can globally change some of the locations where VirtualBox keeps extra config uration and data by selecting Global settings from the File menu in the VirtualBox main window Then in the window that pops up click on the General tab e Virtual machine settings and files are by default saved as XML files in a subdi rectory of the VirtualBox Machines directory You can change the location of this main Machines folder in the Global settings dialog By default for each virtual machine VirtualBox uses another subdirectory of the Machines directory that carries the same name as the virtual ma chine As a result your virtual machine names must conform to the con ventions of your operating system for valid file names For example a 132 9 Advanced topics machine called Fedora 6 would by default have its settings saved in VirtualBox Machines Fedora 6 Fedora 6 xml If you would like more control over the file names used you can create the machine using VBoxManage createvm with the settingsfile option see chapter 8 4 VBoxManage createvm page 110 The virtual machine directory will be renamed if you change the machine name If you do not wish this to happen you can create the machine using VBoxManage createvm with the basefolder option In this case the folder name will never change e VirtualBox keeps snapshots and saved states in anot
222. h GUI fixed several minor issues Networking fixed a host interface networking regression introduced in 1 6 0 200 12 Change log VMM fixed starting of VMs with AMD V enabled VMM massive performance enhancements for AMD V VMM stability improvements for AMD V on Windows hosts VMM correctly detect AMD CPUs with erratum 170 AMD V VMM detect inconsistent timestamp counters on certain AMD Phenom mother boards Windows host only VMM fixed KVM check Linux hosts only VMM fixed a regression introduced in 1 6 0 Windows stuck during installation XPCOM fixed several races SATA improved performance with Vista guests SATA fixed statistics counter Shared Folders several fixes iTunes download speed up browsing ATA IDE fixed boot from CDROM if a medium was added while the boot menu was active Networking provide an Intel PRO 1000 T Server 82543GC network device emulation which is recognized by Windows XP guests Networking fixes for the E1000 emulation don t crash if not attached fixed a bug in the statistics counter implementation NAT don t crash if the guest sent a DHCPRELEASE message with an invalid IP address NAT fixed ARP reply for the NAT gateway and for the NAT name server if the guest IP range was changed Internal Networking fixed shutdown if more than two VMs are connected to the same network BIOS allow to change the DMI information see chapter 9 15 Configuring the BIOS DMI informatio
223. he First Start Wizard helps you select an operating system medium to install an operating system from In most cases this will either be a real CD ROM or DVD VirtualBox can then configure the virtual machine to use your host s drive or you might have an ISO image of a CD ROM or DVD handy which VirtualBox can then present to the virtual machine In both cases after making the choices in the wizard you will be able to install your operating system In general you can use the virtual machine much like you would use a real com puter There are couple of points worth mentioning however 1 6 1 Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines 1 6 1 1 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse Since the operating system in the virtual machine does not know that it is not run ning on a real computer it expects to have exclusive control over your keyboard and mouse This is however not the case since unless you are running the VM in full screen mode your VM needs to share keyboard and mouse with other applications and possibly other VMs on your host As a result initially after installing a host operating system and before you install the guest additions we will explain this in a minute only one of the two your VM or the rest of your computer can own the keyboard and the mouse You will see a second mouse pointer which will always be confined to the limits of the VM window Basically you activate the VM by cli
224. he host The following sections describe the available network modes in more detail 86 6 Virtual networking 6 3 Network Address Translation NAT Network Address Translation NAT is the simplest way of accessing an external net work from a virtual machine Usually it does not require any configuration on the host network and guest system For this reason it is the default networking mode in VirtualBox A virtual machine with NAT enabled acts much like a real computer that connects to the Internet through a router The router in this case is the VirtualBox network ing engine which maps traffic from and to the virtual machine transparently The disadvantage of NAT mode is that much like a private network behind a router the virtual machine is invisible and unreachable from the outside internet you cannot run a server this way unless you set up port forwarding described below The virtual machine receives its network address and configuration on the private network from a DHCP server integrated into VirtualBox The IP address thus assigned to the virtual machine is usually on a completely different network than the host As more than one card of a virtual machine can be set up to use NAT the first card is connected to the private network 10 0 2 0 the second card to the network 10 0 3 0 and so on If you need to change the guest assigned IP range for some reason please refer to chapter 9 13 Fine tuning the VirtualBox NAT en
225. hed to the network intnet by default Unless you configure the virtual network cards in the guest operating systems that are participating in the internal network to use static IP addresses you may want to use the DHCP server that is built into VirtualBox to manage IP addresses for the internal network Please see chapter 8 26 VBoxManage dhcpserver page 130 for details As a security measure the Linux implementation of internal networking only allows VMs running under the same user ID to establish an internal network 6 6 Host only networking Host only networking is another networking mode that was added with version 2 2 of VirtualBox It can be thought of as a hybrid between the bridged and internal net working modes as with bridged networking the virtual machines can talk to each other and the host as if they were connected through a physical ethernet switch Sim ilarly as with internal networking however a physical networking interface need not be present and the virtual machines cannot talk to the world outside the host since they are not connected to a physical networking interface 91 6 Virtual networking Instead when host only networking is used VirtualBox creates a new software in terface on the host which then appears next to your existing network interfaces In other words whereas with bridged networking an existing physical interface is used to attach virtual machines to with host only networking a new loopback
226. helps to build kernel modules and to deal with kernel upgrades If DKMS is not already installed execute one of the following e On an Ubuntu system sudo apt get install dkms e On a Fedora system yum install dkms e On a Mandriva system urpmi dkms If DKMS is available and installed the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically and it will be automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated Otherwise there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module 1 The original installation fails This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building external kernel modules Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages normally these will be the GNU compiler GCC GNU Make make and pack ages containing header files for your kernel and making sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up to date kernel included in the distribution The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel you are using With Debian and Ubuntu releases you must install the right version of the linux headers and if it exists the 1inux kbuild package Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases you must install the right version of the kernel headers package On Fedora and Redhat systems the p
227. her special folder for each virtual machine By default this is a subfolder of the virtual machine folder called Snapshots in our example VirtualBox Machines Fedora 6 Snapshots You can change this setting for each machine using VBoxManage as well e VDI container files are by default created in the VirtualBox HardDisks directory In particular this directory is used when the Create new virtual disk wizard is started to create a new VDI file Changing this default is probably most useful if the disk containing your home directory does not have enough room to hold your VDI files which can grow very large 9 2 Automated Windows guest logons When Windows is running in a virtual machine it might be desirable to perform co ordinated and automated logons of guest operating systems using credentials from a master logon system With credentials we are referring to logon information con sisting of user name password and domain name where each value might be empty Since Windows NT Windows has provided a modular system logon subsystem winlogon which can be customized and extended by means of so called GINA modules Graphical Identification and Authentication With Windows Vista the GINA modules were replaced with a new mechanism called credential providers The VirtualBox Guest Additions for Windows come with both a GINA and a credential provider module and therefore enable any Windows guest to perform automated lo gons
228. his License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you dis tribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Library the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Library In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with the Library or with a work based on the Library on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library To do this you must alter all the notices that refer to this License so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License version 2 instead of to this License If a newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared then you can specify that version instead if you wish Do not make any other change in these notices Once this change is made in a given copy it is irreversible for that copy so the ordinary GNU Ge
229. hosts only bug 3723 Shared Folders fixed incorrect permissions for Solaris guests Shared Folders fixed wrong file sizes with Solaris guests CBindings fixed possible memory leak while releasing the IVirtualBox and ISes sion Objects Solaris hosts fixed host only network interface incompatibility with nwam dhcpagent bug 3754 Windows installer fixed several install and uninstall issues bugs 3659 3686 1730 3711 3373 3382 3701 3685 3710 Mac OS X hosts preliminary support for Snow Leopard 12 10 Version 2 2 0 2009 04 08 This version is a major update The following major new features were added OVF Open Virtualization Format appliance import and export see chapter 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines page 29 Host only networking mode see chapter 6 6 Host only networking page 91 Hypervisor optimizations with significant performance gains for high context switching rates Raised the memory limit for VMs on 64 bit hosts to 16GB VT x AMD V are enabled by default for newly created virtual machines USB OHCI amp EHCI is enabled by default for newly created virtual machines Qt GUI only Experimental USB support for OpenSolaris hosts Shared Folders for Solaris and OpenSolaris guests OpenGL 3D acceleration for Linux and Solaris guests see chapter 4 9 Hardware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 page 72 Added C API in addition to C Java Python and Web Services In addi
230. hs are now rounded up to correct ones bug 2895 186 12 Change log IDE fixed ATAPI passthrough support Linux hosts only bug 2795 Networking fixed kernel panics due to NULL pointer dereference in Linux ker nels lt 2 6 20 Linux hosts only bug 2827 Networking fixed intermittent BSODs when using the new host interface Win dows hosts only bugs 2832 2937 2929 Networking fixed several issues with displaying hostif NICs in the GUI Win dows hosts only bugs 2814 2842 Networking fixed the issue with displaying hostif NICs without assigned IP ad dresses Linux hosts only bug 2780 Networking fixed the issue with sent packets coming back to internal network when using hostif Linux hosts only bug 3056 NAT fixed port forwarding Windows hosts only bug 2808 NAT fixed booting from the builtin TFTP server bug 1959 NAT fixed occasional crashes bug 2709 SATA vendor product data VPD is now configurable SATA raw disk partitions were not recognized 2 1 0 regression Windows host only bug 2778 SATA fixed timeouts in the guest when using raw VMDK files Linux host only bug 2796 SATA huge speed up during certain I O operations like formatting a drive SATA IDE fixed possible crash errors during VM shutdown VRDP fixed loading of 1ibpam so 1 from the host Solaris hosts only VRDP fixed RDP client disconnects VRDP fixed VRDP server misbehavior after a broken client connection V
231. hysical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived fr
232. ic name may include an aggregate function The name has the following form Category Metric SubMetric aggregate For example RAM Usage Free min stands for the minimum amount of available memory over all retained data if applied to the host object 128 8 VBoxManage reference Subcommands may apply to all objects and metrics or can be limited to one object or and a list of metrics If no objects or metrics are given in the parameters the sub commands will apply to all available metrics of all objects You may use an asterisk to explicitly specify that the command should be applied to all objects or metrics Use host as the object name to limit the scope of the command to host related met rics To limit the scope to a subset of metrics use a metric list with names separated by commas For example to query metric data on the CPU time spent in user and kernel modes by the virtual machine named test you can use the following command VBoxManage query test CPU Load User CPU Load Kernel The following list summarizes the available subcommands list This subcommand shows the parameters of the currently existing metrics Note that VM specific metrics are only available when a particular VM is running setup This subcommand sets the interval between taking two samples of metric data and the number of samples retained internally The retained data is available for displaying with the query subcommand The 1ist option shows which met
233. iden tify entities VirtualBox makes use of UUIDs to identify VMs Virtual Disk Images VDI files and other entities V VM Virtual Machine a virtual computer that VirtualBox allows you to run on top of your actual hardware See chapter 1 1 What is virtualization anyway page 9 for details VRDP See RDP VT x The hardware virtualization features built into modern Intel processors See chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 277 Glossary X XML The eXtensible Markup Language a metastandard for all kinds of textual infor mation XML only specifies how data in the document is organized generally and does not prescribe how to semantically organize content XPCOM Mozilla Cross Platform Component Object Model a programming infrastruc ture developed by the Mozilla browser project which is similar to Microsoft COM and allows applications to provide a modular programming interface VirtualBox makes use of XPCOM on Linux both internally and externally to provide a com prehensive API to third party developers 278
234. iguration file is inaccessible or corrupted API faster startup using lazy media access checking Linux Additions fixed several installation issues and added better error checks Linux Additions added support for X org 7 1 Installer added packages for Ubuntu 6 10 Edgy Eft Ubuntu 6 06 LTS Dapper Drake and Debian 4 0 Etch 12 32 Version 1 2 4 2006 11 16 Several bug fixes that accidentally didn t make it into 1 2 2 12 33 Version 1 2 2 2006 11 14 Note Guest Additions have to be updated for the enhanced VRDP features to work Linux Additions improved compatibility with Red Hat distributions Linux Additions enhanced display performance solved several issues Linux Additions added color pointer support Linux Additions added support for X org 7 x VMM fixed sporadic mouse reset problem VMM fixed several issues with Linux guests VMM significant performance improvements for Linux 2 6 guests VMM significant general performance improvements VMM fixed sporadic reboot problems logo hang VMM added support for Intel VT x aka Vanderpool 220 12 Change log VMM experimental support for IBM OS 2 Warp requires VT x to be enabled USB added support for isochronous transfers webcams audio etc USB fixed problem with devices not showing up after a guest reboot USB fixed several issues BIOS fixed use of fourth boot device BIOS added boot menu support BIOS added support for disks up to 2 Terabytes VRDP
235. ile the actual clients only have to be capable of displaying VRDP data e Easier software installations Virtual machines can be used by software ven dors to ship entire software configurations For example installing a complete mail server solution on a real machine can be a tedious task With virtualization it becomes possible to ship an entire software solution possibly consisting of many different components in a virtual machine which is then often called an appliance Installing and running a mail server becomes as easy as importing such an appliance into VirtualBox e Testing and disaster recovery Once installed a virtual box and its virtual hard disk can be considered a container that can be arbitrarily frozen woken up copied backed up and transported between hosts On top of that with the use of another VirtualBox feature called snapshots one can save a particular state of a virtual machine and revert back to that state if necessary This way one can freely experiment with a computing environment If something goes wrong e g after installing misbehaving software or infecting the guest with a virus one can easily switch back to a previous snapshot and avoid the need of frequent backups and restores 10 1 First steps 1 1 2 Some terminology When dealing with virtualization and also for understanding the following chapters of this documentation it helps to acquaint oneself with a bit of crucial termi
236. illiseconds Values around 20 are suitable for low bandwidth connections between the RDP client and server Values around 4 can be used for a gigabit Ethernet connection Generally values below 10 achieve a performance that is very close to that of the local input devices and screen of the host on which the Virtual Machine is running Depending whether the setting should be changed for an individual user or for the system either HKEY_CURRENT_USER Software Microsoft Terminal Server Client Min Send Interval or HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Software Microsoft Terminal Server Client Min Send Interval can be set appropriately 11 4 4 Running an iSCSI initiator and target on a single system Deadlocks can occur on a Windows host when attempting to access an iSCSI target running in a guest virtual machine with an iSCSI initiator e g Microsoft iSCSI Ini tiator that is running on the host This is caused by a flaw in the Windows cache manager component and causes sluggish host system response for several minutes followed by a Delayed Write Failed error message in the system tray or in a sepa rate message window The guest is blocked during that period and may show error messages or become unstable Setting the environment variable VBOX_DISABLE_HOST_DISK_CACHE to 1 will enable a workaround for this problem until Microsoft addresses the issue For example open a command prompt window and start VirtualBox like this set VBOX_DISABLE_HOST_D
237. ination it is often important to collect debugging information which can be analyzed by VirtualBox support This section contains information about what kind of information can be obtained Every time VirtualBox starts up a VM a log file is created containing some informa tion about the VM configuration and runtime events The log file is called VBox 1og and resides in the VM log file folder Typically this will be a directory like this SHOME VirtualBox Machines machinename Logs When starting a VM the configuration file of the last run will be renamed to 1 up to 3 Sometimes when there is a problem it is useful to have a look at the logs Also when requesting support for VirtualBox supplying the corresponding log file is mandatory For convenience for each virtual machine the VirtualBox main window can show these logs in a window To access it select a virtual machine from the list on the left and select Show logs from the Machine window 11 1 2 Guest shows IDE SATA errors for file based images on slow host file system Occasionally some host file systems provide very poor writing performance and as a consequence cause the guest to time out IDE SATA commands This is normal behavior and should normally cause no real problems as the guest should repeat commands that have timed out However some guests e g some Linux versions have severe problems if a write to an image file takes longer than about 15 seconds Som
238. ince this setup is very common it is likely that the default configuration of the guest works as expected 11 5 6 VBoxSVC IPC issues On Linux VirtualBox makes use of a custom version of Mozilla XPCOM cross plat form component object model for inter and intra process communication IPC The process VBoxSVC serves as a communication hub between different VirtualBox pro cesses and maintains the global configuration i e the XML database When starting a VirtualBox component the processes VBoxSVC and VirtualBoxXPCOMIPCD are started automatically They are only accessible from the user account they are running under VBoxSVC owns the VirtualBox configuration database which normally resides in VirtualBox While it is running the configuration files are locked Com munication between the various VirtualBox components and VBoxSVC is performed through a local domain socket residing in tmp vbox username ipc In case 159 11 Troubleshooting there are communication problems i e a VirtualBox application cannot communicate with VBoxSVC terminate the daemons and remove the local domain socket directory 11 5 7 USB not working If USB is not working on your Linux host make sure that the current user is a mem ber of the vboxusers group On older hosts you need to make sure that the user has permission to access the USB filesystem usbfs which VirtualBox relies on to retrieve valid information about your host s USB devices The r
239. ine in which you have installed Windows 2 Select Mount CD DVD ROM from the Devices menu in the virtual machine s menu bar and then CD DVD ROM image This brings up the Virtual Disk Man ager described in chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 62 4 Guest Additions 3 In the Virtual Disk Manager press the Add button and browse your host file system for the VBoxGuestAdditions iso file e On a Windows host you can find this file in the VirtualBox installation directory usually under C Program files Sun xVM VirtualBox On Mac OS X hosts you can find this file in the application bundle of VirtualBox Right click on the VirtualBox icon in Finder and choose Show Package Contents There it is located in the Content s MacOS folder On a Linux host you can find this file in the additions folder under where you installed VirtualBox normally opt VirtualBox On Solaris hosts you can find this file in the additions folder under where you installed VirtualBox normally opt VirtualBox 4 Back in the Virtual Disk Manager select that ISO file and press the Select but ton This will mount the ISO file and present it to your Windows guest as a CD ROM 4 3 1 2 Running the installer Unless you have the Autostart feature disabled in your Windows guest Win dows will now autostart the VirtualBox Guest Additions installation program from the Additions ISO If the Autostart feature has been turned off
240. ines must be chosen In the example below adapt the name of the virtual machine the MAC address the IP configuration and the Internal Network ing name MylIntNet according to your needs The following 7 commands must be issued 83 VBoxManage VBox VBoxManage VBox VBoxManage VBox VBoxManage VBox VBoxManage VBox VBoxManage VBox VBoxManage VBox setextradata VMN nternal Devices setextradata VMN nternal Devices setextradata VMN nternal Devices setextradata VMN nternal Devices setextradata VMN nternal Devices setextradata VMN nternal Devices setextradata VMN nternal Devices 5 Virtual storage AME AME ntNetIP 0 Con AME ntNetIP 0 Con AME ntNetIP 0 Con AME ntNetIP 0 LUN AME ntNetIP 0 LUN AME ntNetIP 0 LUN ntNetIP 0 Trusted 1 fig MAC 08 00 27 01 02 0f fig IP 10 0 9 1 fig Netmask 255 255 255 0 0 Driver IntNet 0 Config Network MyIntNet 0 Config IsService 1 Finally the iSCSI disk must be registered with the intnet option to tell the iSCSI initiator to use internal networking VBoxManage addiscsidisk server 10 0 9 30 target iqn 2008 12 com sun sampletarget intnet The target address must be specified as a numeric IP address as there is no DNS resolver for internal networking The virtual machine with the iSCSI target should be started before the VM using it is powered on If a virtual machine using an iSCSI disk is started without having the iSCSI target powered up i
241. ing other code with the library We call this license the Lesser General Public License because it does Less to protect the user s freedom than the ordinary General Public License It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non free programs These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries However the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special circumstances For example on rare occasions there may be a special need to encourage the widest possible use of a certain library so that it becomes a de facto standard To achieve this non free programs must be allowed to use the library A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non free libraries In this case there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only so we use the Lesser General Public License In other cases permission to use a particular library in non free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software For example permission to use the GNU C Library in non free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system as well as its variant the GNU Linux operating system Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users freedom it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
242. initially 2 VBoxManage is our command line interface and is described in the next section 3 VBoxSDL is an alternative simple graphical front end with an intentionally lim ited feature set designed to only display virtual machines that are controlled in detail with VBoxManage This is interesting for business environments where displaying all the bells and whistles of the full GUI is not feasible VBoxSDL is described in chapter 7 3 VBoxSDL the simplified VM displayer page 95 4 Finally VBoxHeadless is yet another front end that produces no visible output on the host at all but merely acts as a VRDP server Now even though the other graphical front ends VirtualBox and VBoxSDL also have VRDP support built in and can act as a VRDP server this particular front end requires no graphics support This is useful for example if you want to host your virtual machines on a headless Linux server that has no X Window system installed For details see chapter 7 4 2 VBoxHeadless the VRDP only server page 98 If the above front ends still do not satisfy your particular needs it is relatively painless to create yet another front end to the complex virtualization engine that is the core of VirtualBox as the VirtualBox core neatly exposes all of its features in a clean API please refer to chapter 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces page 150 93 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines 7 2 Using VBoxManage to control virtua
243. installatio 4 22299 oom mc o9 b eed 34 2 2 3 Unattended installation 62405 645046554444 4005 34 2 3 Installing on Linux hosts es sesers aata eR ee 34 225 1 Prerequisites gt lt s oos x aa Y ooo ee ee ee 34 2 3 2 The VirtualBox kernel module 34 2 3 3 USB and advanced networking support 36 2 3 4 Performing the installation l l 36 235 Starting VirtualBox on Lind e ee e c es eeu o RR RS 41 2 4 Installing on Solaris hosts o ooo a 41 24 1 Performing the installation 0 ceo or 41 2 4 2 Starting VirtualBox on Solaris 42 243 Uninstall cvs ee de ee ee emm 42 Contents 2 4 4 Unattended installation 204 42 2 4 5 Configuring a zone for running VirtualBox 43 3 Configuring virtual machines 44 3 1 Supported guest operating systems o 44 EEG II o MCCC 45 3 9 General settings cou ob ne eda ee AA 46 BAL BE taD uu uox dog en gr wey we we e we we get 46 332 Advanced tab 24 6 4 4 b RR 44 454 46 S02 DENT Tae 2 03 E ORO eS we Ee Es 47 24 Sete SENES ea ee eA UU ree E ee lS 47 3 4 1 Motherboard tab 6 560 088 46 RR ms 47 34 2 Processor tab so ie orco ae eRe EEE EGGS 48 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization 49 205 Display SOS uuu hl ee Go de e RR EL E ee ee Re 51 3 6 Hard disk settings 2221225229 Oa Ee EE OR SOR om 51 3 7 CD DVD ROM and floppy
244. inux hosts VMM improved stability of VI x VMM check for disabled AMD V when detecting support VMM fixed AMD V issue when running OS 2 guests VMM fixed application startup regressions e g VideoReDo VMM fixed regression that broke disk access in OS 2 and OpenBSD guests pos sibly much more VMM fixed crashes if memory allocation failed Linux VMM fixed enabling of Local APIC on AMD hosts fixed Ubuntu Feisty installa tion kernel hang during boot VMM fixed XFree86 4 3 Debian Sarge segfaults when switching to text mode VMM refuse to start when KVM is active Linux Host VMM fixed bootup hangs with ReactOS 211 12 Change log VMM fixed out of memory errors under certain environments with enough ap propriate memory available API fixed occasional crashes of the VBoxSVC server during VM shutdown Linux host API some components were not notified when mounting a CD DVD VMDK improve geometry compatibility with existing VMDK images IDE Floppy optionally make non available host device non fatal IDE improve emulation accuracy of the IRQ line between master and slave drive IDE guest could freeze when unmounting the CD DVD drive VGA several text mode fixes in particular with Windows DOS boxes USB fixed some issues with Windows hosts USB fixed race condition between udev and USB filters Linux host Shared Folders reversed network provider order to increase mapping perfor mance Windows guest Shared
245. io clipboard VRDP and USB settings The following other settings are available through VBoxManage modifyvm e uart 1 N off I O base IRQ With this option you can configure virtual serial ports for the VM see chapter 3 10 Serial ports page 55 for an introduction e uartmode 1 N arg This setting controls how VirtualBox connects a given virtual serial port previously configured with the uartX setting see above to the host on which the virtual machine is running As described in detail in chapter 3 10 Serial ports page 55 for each such port you can specify lt arg gt as one of the following options disconnected Even though the serial port is shown to the guest it has no other end like a real COM port without a cable server lt pipename gt On a Windows host this tells VirtualBox to create a named pipe on the host named lt pipename gt and connect the virtual serial device to it Note that Windows requires that the name of a named pipe begin with pipe On a Linux host instead of a named pipe a local domain socket is used client lt pipename gt This operates just like server except that the pipe or local domain socket is not created by VirtualBox but assumed to exist already lt devicename gt If instead of the above the device name of a physical hardware serial port of the host is specified the virtual serial port is con nected to that hardware port On a Window
246. ion as if no Ethernet cable was plugged into the card This way it is possible to pull the virtual Ethernet cable and disrupt the connection which can be useful to inform a guest operating system that no network connection is available and enforce a reconfiguration Network Address Translation NAT If all you want is to browse the Web download files and view e mail inside the guest then this default mode should be sufficient for you and you can safely skip the rest of this section Please note that the ping utility does not work over NAT and that there are certain limitations when using Windows file sharing see chapter 6 3 3 NAT limitations page 88 for details Bridged networking This is for more advanced networking needs such as network simulations and running servers in a guest When enabled VirtualBox sets up an additional software based network interface on the host to which the virtual machine is connected Internal networking This can be used to create a different kind of software based network which is visible to selected virtual machines but not to applications running on the host or to the outside world Host only networking This can be used to create a network containing the host and a set of virtual machines without the need for the host s physical network in terface Instead a virtual network interface similar to a loopback interface is created on the host providing connectivity among virtual machines and t
247. ion remains available even if the Electronic Distribution Mechanism is maintained by a third party 3 3 Description of Modifications You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to contain a file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and the date of any change You must include a prominent statement that the Modification is derived directly or indirectly from Original Code provided by the Ini tial Developer and including the name of the Initial Developer in a the Source Code and b in any notice in an Executable version or related documentation in which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code 3 4 Intellectual Property Matters a Third Party Claims If Contributor has knowledge that a license under a third party s intellectual property rights is required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections 2 1 or 2 2 Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code distribution titled LEGAL which describes the claim and the party mak ing the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will know whom to contact If Contrib utor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available as described in Section 3 2 Contributor shall promptly modify the LEGAL file in all copies Contribu tor makes available thereafter and shall take other steps such as notifying appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups reasonably calculated to inform those who received the C
248. ions fixed Windows 2000 shutdown crash bug 2254 Windows Additions fixed error code for MoveFile if the target exists bug 2350 Linux Additions fixed seek for files bigger than 2GB bug 2379 Linux Additions support Ubuntu 8 10 Linux Additions clipboard fixes bug 2015 Web services improved documentation and fixed example bug 1642 12 17 Version 2 0 2 2008 09 12 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added e VMM fixed inability to run more than one VM in parallel AMD V on CPUs with erratum 170 only bug 2167 e VMM VIx stability fixes bug 2179 and others 194 12 Change log VMM fixed Linux 2 6 26 kernel crashes used by Ubuntu 8 10 Alpha Fedora 10 Alpha bug 1875 VMM fixed 64 bits Linux 2 6 26 kernel crashes Debian VMM fixed Vista 32 bits guest crash during boot when PAE and NX are enabled applied to 64 bits hosts with VT x enabled only VMM fixed OS 2 guest crashes during boot AMD V bug 2132 GUI fixed crash when trying to release an inaccessible image in the virtual disk manager GUI fixed invalid error message for a changed snapshot path even if that path wasn t changed bug 2064 GUI fixed crash when creating a new hard disk image bug 2060 GUI fixed crash when adding a hard disk in the VM settings bug 2081 GUI fixed a bug where VirtualBox isn t working with the new QGtkStyle plugin bug 2066 GUI fixed VM close dialog in s
249. ird party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or 239 14 Third party licenses c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute cor responding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribu tion and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making mod ifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the sour
250. irtualBox main window click on the Snapshots tab on the top right of the main window and then on the small camera icon for Take snapshot A window will pop up and ask you to name the snapshot This name is purely for reference purposes to help you remember the state of the snapshot For example a useful name would be Fresh installation from scratch no external drivers You can also add a longer description if you want Your new snapshot will then appear in the list of snapshots under the Snapshots tab Underneath you will see an item called Current state signifying that the current state of your VM is a variation based on the snapshot you took earlier If you later take another snapshot you will see that they will be displayed in sequence and each subsequent snapshot is a derivation of the earlier one VirtualBox allows you to take an unlimited number of snapshots the only limi tation is the size of your disks Keep in mind that each snapshot stores the state of the virtual machine and thus takes some disk space 2 You can restore a snapshot by right clicking on any snapshot you have taken in the list of snapshots By restoring a snapshot you go back or forward in time the current state of the machine is lost and the machine is restored to exactly 25 1 First steps the same state as it was when then snapshot was taken By restoring an earlier snapshot and taking more snapshots from there i
251. ish to accept the license agreement for example for performing unattended installations you can add the parameter 1icense accepted unconditionally Finally if you want to use a directory other than the default installation directory add the desired path as an extra parameter sudo VirtualBox run install opt VirtualBox Or if you do not have the sudo command available run the following as root instead VirtualBox run install opt VirtualBox 37 2 Installation details After that you need to put every user which should be able to use VirtualBox in the group vboxusers either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root sudo usermod a G vboxusers username Note The usermod command of some older Linux distributions does not support the a option which adds the user to the given group without affecting membership of other groups In this case find out the current group memberships with the groups command and add all these groups in a comma separated list to the command line after the G option e g like this usermod G group1 group2 vboxusers username If any users on your system should be able to access host USB devices from within VirtualBox guests you should also add them to the appropriate user group that your distribution uses for USB access e g usb or usbusers 2 3 4 3 Performing a manual installation If for any reason you cannot use the shell script
252. isinfect your virtual machine like a real computer Still you might find write though images useful if you want to preserve critical data irrespective of snapshots and since you can attach more than one image to a VM you may want to have one immutable for the operating system and one write through for your data files This behavior also changed with VirtualBox 2 2 Previously the differencing images were discarded when the VM session ended now they are discarded every time the VM starts 80 5 Virtual storage 5 4 Differencing images to be written 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager VirtualBox keeps an internal registry of all available hard disk CD DVD ROM and floppy disk images This registry can be viewed and changed in the Virtual Disk Manager which you can access from the File menu in the VirtualBox main window Virtual Disk Manager Actions Y 9 e New Add Remove Release Refresh Hard Disks CD DVD Images FJ Floppy Images Name Virtual Size Actual Size El amp Debian 3 1 netinst 1 80GB 664 01 MB Debian 4 0 netinst vdi 8 00 GB 3 94 GB Fedora Core 6 vdi 7 81 GB 2 96 GB MCP2 vdi 2 00GB 556 01 MB openSUSE 10 3 c t 22 2007 vdi 8 00 GB l 8 00 GB Solaris vdi 10 45 GB amp Ubuntu 6 10 2 9 45 GB Windows Vista 3 vdi 28 45 GR 13 60 GAL Location Imnt innotek unix vdis RHELS vdi Disk Type Normal Storage Type Virtual Disk Image Attached
253. it A in each file of the Source Code If it is not possible to put such notice in a particular Source Code file due to its structure then You must include such notice in a location such as a relevant 264 14 Third party licenses directory where a user would be likely to look for such a notice If You created one or more Modification s You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described in Exhibit A You must also duplicate this License in any documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code You may choose to offer and to charge a fee for warranty support indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code However You may do so only on Your own behalf and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any Contributor 3 6 Distribution of Executable Versions You may distribute Covered Code in Exe cutable form only if the requirements of Section 3 1 3 5 have been met for that Cov ered Code You may distribute the Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license of Your choice which may contain terms different from this License provided that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient s rights in the Source Code version from the rights set forth in this License If You dis tribute the Executable version under
254. ive 8 13 VBoxManage storagectl storageattach These commands allow to attach new storage controllers to the VM modify or remove the existing ones and also allows the user to change the hard disk DVD or floppy images attached to them The list of the storage controllers attached to the VM can be found by the command VBoxManage showvminfo lt vmname gt See also chapter 8 2 VBoxManage showvminfo page 109 120 8 VBoxManage reference 8 13 1 VBoxManage storagectl This command attaches modifies removes a storage controller The syntax is as fol lows VBoxManage storagectl uuid vmname name lt name gt add lt ide sata scsi floppy gt controller LsiLogic BusLogic IntelAhci PIIX3 P11X4 1CH6 18207 gt sataideemulation 1 4 lt 1 30 gt sataportcount lt 1 30 gt remove where the parameters mean uuid vmname The VM UUID or VM Name Mandatory name Name of the storage controller Mandatory add Define the type of the system bus to which the storage controller must be con nected controller Allows to choose the type of chipset being emulated for the given storage controller sataideemulation This specifies which SATA ports should operate in IDE emulation mode As explained in chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCD SCSI page 76 by default this is the case for SATA ports 1 4 with this command you can map four IDE channels to any of the 30 supported SATA ports satap
255. ixed Windows 2000 guest freeze when accessing files on shared folders bug 2764 Windows Additions fixed CTRL ALT DEL handling when using VBoxGINA Windows Additions Installer added extract switch to only extract not install the files to a directory can be specified with D path Linux installer and Additions added support for the Linux From Scratch distri bution bug 1587 and recent Gentoo versions bug 2938 Additions added experimental support for X Org Server 1 6 RC on Linux guests Linux Additions fixed bug which prevented to properly set fmode on mapped shared folders bug 1776 Linux Additions fixed appending of files on shared folders bug 1612 Linux Additions ignore noauto option when mounting a shared folder bug 2498 188 12 Change log Linux Additions fixed a driver issue preventing X11 from compiling keymaps bug 2793 and 2905 X11 Additions workaround in the mouse driver for a server crash when the driver is loaded manually bug 2397 12 13 Version 2 1 0 2008 12 17 This version is a major update The following major new features were added Support for hardware virtualization VI x and AMD V on Mac OS X hosts Support for 64 bit guests on 32 bit host operating systems experimental see chapter 3 2 64 bit guests page 45 Added support for Intel Nehalem virtualization enhancements EPT and VPID see chapter 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization page
256. ization page 49 Guest Additions shared folders seamless windows 3D virtualization The VirtualBox Guest Additions are software packages which can be installed inside of supported guest systems to improve their performance and to provide addi tional integration and communication with the host system After installing the Guest Additions a virtual machine will support automatic adjustment of video resolutions seamless windows accelerated 3D graphics and more The Guest Additions are described in detail in chapter 4 Guest Additions page 60 In particular Guest Additions provide for shared folders which let you access files from the host system from within a guest machine Shared folders are described in chapter 4 7 Folder sharing page 68 Great hardware support Among others VirtualBox supports 12 1 First steps Guest multiprocessing SMP VirtualBox can present up to 32 virtual CPUs to a virtual machine irrespective of how many CPU cores are actually present in your host Hardware compatibility VirtualBox virtualizes a vast array of virtual de vices among them many devices that are typically provided by other virtu alization platforms including an Input Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller I O APIC which is found in many modern PC sys tems This eases cloning of PC images from real machines or 3rd party virtual machines into VirtualBox USB device support VirtualBox implements a virtual US
257. k controllers IDE SATA AHCD SCSI page 76 Experimental Physical Address Extension PAE support In addition the following items were fixed and or added GUI added accessibility support 508 GUI VM session information dialog VBoxHeadless renamed from VBoxVRDP VMM reduced host CPU load of idle guests 202 12 Change log VMM many fixes for VI x SVM hardware supported virtualization ATA IDE better disk geometry compatibility with VMware images ATA IDE virtualize an AHCI controller Storage better write optimization prevent images from growing unnecessarily Network support PXE booting with NAT Network fixed the Am79C973 PCNet emulation for Nexenta guests NAT improved builtin DHCP server implemented DHCPNAK response NAT port forwarding stopped when restoring the VM from a saved state NAT make subnet configurable XPCOM moved to libxml2 XPCOM fixed VBoxSVC autostart race Audio SoundBlaster 16 emulation USB fixed problems with USB 2 0 devices Mac OS X fixed seamless mode Mac OS X better desktop integration several look n feel fixes Mac OS X switched to Quartz2D framebuffer Mac OS X added support for shared folders Mac OS X added support for clipboard integration Solaris added host audio playback support experimental Solaris made it possible to run VirtualBox from non global zones Shared Folders many bugfixes to improve stability Seamless windows added support for Linux guests Lin
258. kets which might confuse the guest bug 4496 VMDK fixed handling of split image variants VHD fixed incompatibility with Hyper V OVF create manifest files on export and verify the content of an optional mani fest file on import X11 based hosts allow the user to specify their own scan code layout bug 2302 Mac OS X hosts don t auto show the menu and dock in fullscreen bug 4866 Solaris hosts combined the kernel interface package into the VirtualBox main package Solaris hosts support for OpenSolaris Boomer architecture with OSS audio backend Shared folders fixed changing case of file names bug 2520 Shared folders VBOXSVR is visible in Network folder bug 4842 Windows and Linux Additions added balloon tip notifier if VirtualBox host ver sion was updated and Additions are out of date Solaris Additions fixed as pagelock failed errors affecting guest properties bug 5337 Windows Additions added automatic logon support for Windows Vista and Win dows 7 164 12 Change log Windows Additions fix crash in seamless mode contributed by Huihong Luo Linux Additions added support for uninstalling the Linux Guest Additions bug 4039 SDK added object oriented web service bindings for PHP5 12 2 Version 3 0 10 2009 10 29 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM guest SMP stability fixes VMM fixed guru meditation with nested paging and SMP guests bug
259. key Backspace to send Ctrl Alt Backspace to restart the graphical user interface of a Linux guest x Host key F1 or other function keys to simulate Ctrl Alt F1 or other function keys i e to switch between virtual terminals in a Linux guest For some other keyboard combinations such as Alt Tab to switch between open windows VirtualBox allows you to configure whether these combinations will affect the host or the guest if a virtual machine currently has the focus This is a global setting for all virtual machines and can be found under File gt Global settings gt Input gt Auto capture keyboard 1 6 2 Changing removable media While a virtual machine is running you can change removable media in the Devices menu of the VM s window Here you can select in detail what VirtualBox presents to your VM as a CD DVD or floppy 23 1 First steps The settings are the same as would be available for the VM in the Settings dialog of the VirtualBox main window but since that dialog is disabled while the VM is in the running or saved state this extra menu saves you from having to shut down and restart the VM every time you want to change media Hence in the Devices menu VirtualBox allows you to attach the host drive to the guest or select a floppy or DVD image using the Disk Image Manager all as described in chapter 1 8 Virtual machine configuration page 27 1 6 3 Saving the
260. l General i 2 Name Windows Vista III e Debian 3 1 netinst Debian 3 1 net OS Type Windows Vista Powered Off Base Memory 512 MB Video Memory 8 MB fe Debian 4 0 Boot Order Floppy CD DVD ROM Hard Disk Powered Off ACPI Enabled 10 APIC Disabled fe Fedora Core 6 VT JAMD V Disabled Powered Off E Hard Disks Ex MCP2 pre additions install Primary Master Windows Vista 3 vdi Normal 28 45 GB Y Powered Off COIDVD ROM A openSUSE 10 3 c t 22 2007 Not mounted Powered off Floppy LJ Not mounted RHELS A Powered off Audio Host Driver ALSA Audio Driver Y Solaris Controller ICH AC97 Powered Off Network ows Vista Ill Adapter 0 PCnet FAST Ill NAT off Serial Ports Nicahlad lap iJ gi j I 16 1 First steps 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine Click on the New button at the top of the VirtualBox window A wizard will pop up to guide you through setting up a new virtual machine VM i Create New Virtual Machine Welcome to the New Virtual Machine Wizard This wizard will guide you through the steps that are necessary to create a new virtual machine for VirtualBox Use the Next button to go the next page of the wizard and the Back button to return to the previous page Cancel On the following pages the wizard will ask you for the bare minimum of information that is needed to create a VM in particular 1 Ana
261. l developed by Microsoft as an extension to the ITU T 128 and T 124 video conferencing protocol With RDP a PC sys tem can be controlled from a remote location using a network connection over 276 Glossary which data is transferred in both directions Typically graphics updates and au dio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse input events are sent from the client VirtualBox contains an enhanced implementation of the relevant standards called VirtualBox RDP VRDP which is largely compatible with Microsoft s RDP implementation See chapter 7 4 Remote virtual machines VRDP support page 96 for details S SATA Serial ATA an industry standard for hard disk interfaces See chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCI SCSI page 76 SCSI Small Computer System Interface An industry standard for data transfer be tween devices especially for storage See chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCD SCSI page 76 SMP Symmetrical Multiprocessing meaning that the resources of a computer are shared between several processors These can either be several processor chips or as is more common with modern hardware multiple CPU cores in one pro cessor U UUID A Universally Unique Identifier often also called GUID Globally Unique Iden tifier is a string of numbers and letters which can be computed dynamically and is guaranteed to be unique Generally it is used as a global handle to
262. l machines This section will give you a brief introduction to VBoxManage and how you can use it to create and operate virtual machines In essence VBoxManage supports everything that our graphical user interface al lows you to do with the click of a button VBoxManage supports a lot more than that however It exposes really all the features of the virtualization engine even those that cannot yet be accessed from the GUI You will need to use the command line if you want to e use a different user interface than the main GUI for example VBoxSDL or the VBoxHeadless server e control some of the more advanced and experimental configuration settings for a VM There are two main things to keep in mind when using VBoxManage First VBoxManage must always be used with a specific subcommand such as list or createvm or startvm All the subcommands that VBoxManage supports are de scribed in detail in chapter 8 VBoxManage reference page 103 Second most of these subcommands require that you specify a particular virtual machine after the subcommand There are two ways you can do this e You can specify the VM name as it is shown in the VirtualBox GUI Note that if that name contains spaces then you must enclose the entire name in dou ble quotes as it is always required with command line arguments that contain spaces For example VBoxManage startvm Windows XP e You can specify the UUID which is the in
263. l machines cannot be compromised or crashed by a vulnerability or a bug in the service and the service can run in a different operating system than the host system You can set up a guest service which you wish to proxy using the command line tool VBoxManage You will need to know which ports on the guest the service uses and to decide which ports to use on the host often but not always you will want to 87 6 Virtual networking use the same ports on the guest and on the host You can use any ports on the host which are not already in use by a service An example of how to set up incoming NAT connections to an ssh server on the guest requires the following three commands VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config guestssh Protocol TCP VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUNf 0 Config guestssh GuestPort 22 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config guestssh HostPort 2222 The above example assumes a PCNet virtual network card if you have configured the guest to use the Intel PRO 1000 replace pcnet with e1000 in the above com mands Similarly if you want to configure a different interface instance replace the 0 with the appropriate index pcnet and e1000 are counted separately in this respect and counting starts at O for both types The name guestssh is an arbitrary one chosen for this particular forwarding con
264. lBox s current settings The following subcommands are available with VBoxManage list e vms lists all virtual machines currently registered with VirtualBox By default this displays a compact list with each VM s name and UUID if you also specify long or 1 this will be a detailed list as with the showvminfo command see below e runningvms lists all currently running virtual machines by their unique identi fiers UUIDs in the same format as with vms e hdds dvds and floppies all give you information about virtual disk images currently registered in VirtualBox including all their settings the unique iden tifiers UUIDs associated with them by VirtualBox and all files associated with them e ostypes lists all guest operating systems presently known to VirtualBox along with the identifiers used to refer to them with the modi fyvm command e hostdvds hostfloppies and hostifs respectively list DVD floppy and host networking interfaces on the host along with the name used to access them from within VirtualBox e hostusb supplies information about USB devices attached to the host notably information useful for constructing USB filters and whether they are currently in use by the host e usbfilters lists all global USB filters registered with VirtualBox that is filters for devices which are accessible to all virtual machines and displays the filter parameters 108 8 VBoxManage reference e systemproperties display
265. len Portions created by Robert A van Engelen are Copyright C 2001 2004 Robert A van Engelen Genivia inc All Rights Reserved Contributor s Note The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly form the text of the notices in the Source Code files of the Original code You should use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text found in the Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications EXHIBIT B Part of the software embedded in this product is gSOAP software Portions cre ated by gSOAP are Copyright C 2001 2004 Robert A van Engelen Genivia inc All Rights Reserved THE SOFTWARE IN THIS PRODUCT WAS IN PART PROVIDED BY GENIVIA INC AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CON SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSI NESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 14 2 15 Chromium licenses 14 2 15 1 Main license Copyright c 2002 Stanford University All rights reserved Some portions of Chromium are c
266. ll these items in the global settings via File gt Settings gt Network which lists all host only networks which are presently in use Click on the network name and then on the Edit button to the right and you can modify the adapter and DHCP settings e Alternatively you can use VBoxManage dhcpserver on the command line please see chapter 8 26 VBoxManage dhcpserver page 130 for details 92 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines 7 1 Introduction As briefly mentioned in chapter 1 2 Features overview page 12 VirtualBox has a very flexible internal design that allows you to use different front ends to control the same virtual machines To illustrate you can for example start a virtual machine with VirtualBox s easy to use graphical user interface and then stop it from the command line With VirtualBox s support for the Remote Desktop Protocol VRDP you can even run virtual machines remotely on a headless server and have all the graphical output redirected over the network In detail the following front ends are shipped in the standard VirtualBox package 1 VirtualBox is our graphical user interface GUI which most of this User Manual is dedicated to describing especially in chapter 3 Configuring virtual machines page 44 While this is the easiest to use of our interfaces it does not yet cover all the features that VirtualBox provides Still this is the best way to get to know VirtualBox
267. lt and must be manually enabled in the VM settings see chapter 3 3 General settings page 46 Note Enabling 3D acceleration may expose security holes to malicious soft ware running the guest The third party code that VirtualBox uses for this purpose Chromium is not hardened enough to prevent every risky 3D oper ation on the host 2OpenGL support for Windows guests was added with VirtualBox 2 1 support for Linux and Solaris fol lowed with version 2 2 With version 3 Direct3D 8 9 support was added for Windows guests OpenGL 2 0 is now supported as well 72 4 Guest Additions Technically VirtualBox implements this by installing an additional hardware 3D driver inside your guest when the Guest Additions are installed This driver acts as a hardware 3D driver and reports to the guest operating system that the virtual hardware is capable of 3D hardware acceleration When an application in the guest then requests hardware acceleration through the OpenGL or Direct3D programming interfaces these are sent to the host through a special communication tunnel imple mented by VirtualBox and then the host performs the requested 3D operation via the host s programming interfaces 4 10 Hardware 2D video acceleration for Windows guests Starting with version 3 1 the VirtualBox Guest Additions contain experimental hard ware 2D video acceleration support for Windows guests With this feature if an application e g a video
268. lue 3 1 0r40720 74 4 Guest Additions timestamp 1229098279885027000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxGuest sys value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279886838000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxMouse sys value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279890600000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxSF sys value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279893056000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestAdd Components VBoxVideo sys value 3 1 0r40720 timestamp 1229098279895767000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo OS LoggedInUsers value 1 timestamp 1229099826317660000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo OS NoLoggedInUsers value false r r r r timestamp 1229098455580553000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo Net Count value 1 timestamp 1229099826299785000 flags Name VirtualBox HostInfo GUI LanguageID value C timestamp 1229098151272771000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo Net 0 V4 1P value 192 168 2 102 timestamp 1229099826300088000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo Net 0 V4 Broadcast value 255 255 255 255 timestamp 1229099826300220000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo Net 0 V4 Netmask value 255 255 255 0 timestamp 1229099826300350000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo Net 0 Status value Up timestamp 1229099826300524000 flags Name VirtualBox GuestInfo OS LoggedInUsersList value username timestamp 1229099826317386000 flags
269. ly or indirectly out of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial Devel oper and Contributors to distribute such responsibility on an equitable basis Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability 13 MULTIPLE LICENSED CODE Initial Developer may designate portions of the Covered Code as Multiple Licensed Multiple Licensed means that the Initial De 255 14 Third party licenses veloper permits you to utilize portions of the Covered Code under Your choice of the NPL or the alternative licenses if any specified by the Initial Developer in the file described in Exhibit A EXHIBIT A Mozilla Public License The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1 1 the License you may not use this file except in compliance with the License You may obtain a copy of the License at http www mozilla org MPL Software distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS basis WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND either express or implied See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License The Original Code is The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Portions created by are Copyright C All Rights Reserved Contributor s Alternatively the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the license the ___ License in which case the provisions
270. m is as usual with VirtualBox command line parameters the name or UUID of an existing virtual machine 7 4 Remote virtual machines VRDP support VirtualBox the graphical user interface has a built in server for the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol VRDP This allows you to see the output of a virtual machine s window remotely on any other computer and control the virtual machine from there as if the virtual machine was running locally VRDP is a backwards compatible extension to Microsoft s Remote Desktop Protocol RDP Typically graphics updates and audio are sent from the remote machine to the client while keyboard and mouse events are sent back As a result you can use any standard RDP client to control the remote VM With VirtualBox the graphical user interface the VRDP server is disabled by default but can easily be enabled on a per VM basis either in the Display settings see chapter 3 5 Display settings page 51 or with VBoxManage VBoxManage modifyvm vmname vrdp on If you use VBoxHeadless described further below VRDP support will be auto matically enabled since VBoxHeadless has no other means of output 96 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines 7 4 1 Common third party RDP viewers You can use any standard RDP viewer to connect to such a remote virtual machine examples follow below For this to work you must specify the IP address of your host system not of the virtual machine as th
271. mage file will grow every time a disk sector is written to for the first time While this format takes less space initially the fact that VirtualBox needs to constantly expand the image file consumes additional computing re sources so until the disk has fully expanded write operations are slower than with fixed size disks However after a dynamic disk has fully expanded the performance penalty for read and write operations is negligible 5 3 Configuring image write operations For either of the above image formats VDI VMDK or VHD and irrespective of whether an image is fixed size or dynamically expanding you can also specify how write op erations from the VM should affect the image 1 With normal images the default setting there are no restrictions on how guests can read from and write to the disk When you take a snapshot of your virtual machine as described in chapter 1 7 Snapshots page 25 the state of such a normal hard disk will be recorded together with the snapshot and when reverting to the snapshot its state will be fully reset While you can attach the same normal image to more than one virtual ma chine only one of these virtual machines attached to the same image file can be executed simultaneously as otherwise there would be conflicts if several ma chines write to the same image file 2 By contrast immutable images only remember write accesses temporarily while the virtual machine is running all
272. make ssh port forwarding available from host only 9 13 5 Enabling DNS proxy in NAT mode For resolving network names the DHCP server of the NAT engine offers a list of regis tered DNS servers of the host For some reason you might need to hide the DNS server list thereby forcing the VirtualBox NAT engine to react to changes in the host network settings for example about the end of DHCP leases Replacing of the real list with the address of the DNS proxy can be achieved with the following command VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config DNSProxy 1 146 9 Advanced topics 9 13 6 Using the host s resolver as a DNS proxy in NAT mode For resolving network names the DHCP server of the NAT engine offers a list of regis tered DNS servers of the host If for some reason you need to hide this DNS server list and use the host s resolver settings thereby forcing the VirtualBox NAT engine to in tercept DNS requests and forward them to host s resolver use the following command VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config UseHostResolver 1 9 14 Configuring the maximum resolution of guests when using the graphical frontend When guest systems with the Guest Additions installed are started using the graphical frontend the normal VirtualBox application they will not be allowed to use screen resolutions greater than the host s screen size unless the user manu
273. mand supports monitoring the usage of system resources Resources are represented by various metrics associated with the host system or a particular VM For example the host system has a CPU Load User metric that shows the percentage of time CPUs spend executing in user mode over a specific sampling period Metric data is collected and retained internally it may be retrieved at any time with the VBoxManage metrics query subcommand The data is available as long as the background VBoxSVC process is alive That process terminates shortly after all VMs and frontends have been closed By default no metrics are collected at all Metrics collection does not start until VBoxManage metrics setup is invoked with a proper sampling interval and the number of metrics to be retained The interval is measured in seconds For example to enable collecting the host processor and memory usage metrics every second and keeping the 5 most current samples the following command can be used VBoxManage metrics setup period 1 samples 5 host CPU Load RAM Usage Specifying 0 as either the interval or as the number of retained samples disables metric collection again Note that the VBoxManage metrics setup subcommand discards all samples that may have been previously collected for the specified set of objects and metrics The host and VMs have different sets of associated metrics Available metrics can be listed with VBoxManage metrics list subcommand A complete metr
274. me for your VM and the type of operating system OS you want to install The name is what you will later see in the VirtualBox main window and what your settings will be stored under It is purely informational but once you have created a few VMs you will appreciate if you have given your VMs informative names My VM probably is therefore not as useful as Windows XP SP2 For Operating System Type select the operating system that you want to install later Depending on your selection VirtualBox will enable or disable certain VM settings that your guest operating system may require This is particularly im portant for 64 bit guests see chapter 3 2 64 bit guests page 45 It is therefore recommended to always set it to the correct value 2 The amount of memory RAM that the virtual machine should have for itself Every time a virtual machine is started VirtualBox will allocate this much mem ory from your host machine and present it to the guest operating system which will report this size as the virtual computer s installed RAM 17 1 First steps Note Choose this setting carefully The memory you give to the VM will not be available to your host OS while the VM is running so do not specify more than you can spare For example if your host machine has 1 GB of RAM and you enter 512 MB as the amount of RAM for a particular virtual machine while that VM is running you will only have 512 MB left for all the oth
275. more than fifty percent 50 of the outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity 2 Source Code License 2 1 The Initial Developer Grant The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world wide royalty free non exclusive license subject to third party intellectual property claims a under intellectual property rights other than patent or trademark Licensable by Initial Developer to use reproduce modify display perform sublicense and distribute the Original Code or portions thereof with or without Modifications and or as part of a Larger Work and b under Patents Claims infringed by the making using or selling of Original Code to make have made use practice sell and offer for sale and or otherwise dispose of the Original Code or portions thereof c the licenses granted in this Section 2 1 a and b are effective on the date Initial Developer first distributes Original Code under the terms of this License 250 14 Third party licenses d Notwithstanding Section 2 1 b above no patent license is granted 1 for code that You delete from the Original Code 2 separate from the Original Code or 3 for infringements caused by i the modification of the Original Code or ii the combina tion of the Original Code with other software or devices 2 2 Contributor Grant Subject to third party intellectual property claims each Contributor hereby grants You a world wide royalty free non exclusive license
276. n page 147 RTC fixed UIP emulation to prevent jumping of time in Solaris guests Windows host VirtualBox installation directory corrected for 64 bits Windows Windows host fixed VBoxVRDP exe symlink Windows host solved locking problems in raw partition VMDK support 201 12 Change log Windows host fixed stability during high system load page fault in KeQueryAc tiveProcessors Mac OS X host fixed crashes under certain conditions Shared Folders limited users without admin rights now also can use Shared Folders on Windows guests Linux hosts fixed default runlevel for the kernel module helper script Solaris hosts enabled support for VI x and AMD V Solaris hosts dynamic loading of libdlpi fixes a problem where Solaris 10 was not able to start a VM Linux Additions fixed runlevels for kernel module helper scripts Linux Additions compatibility fixes with Linux 2 6 26 Linux Additions fixed occasional guest kernel crash during unload of the vbox add guest kernel module X11 Guest Additions fixed a problem preventing clipboard transfers over 1K from host to guest 12 22 Version 1 6 0 2008 04 30 This version is a major update The following major new features were added Solaris and Mac OS X host support Seamless windowing for Linux and Solaris guests Guest Additions for Solaris A webservice API see chapter 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces page 150 SATA hard disk AHCI controller see chapter 5 1 Hard dis
277. n based distri butions GUI added user registration dialog GUI fixed crashes on 64 bit Linux hosts GUI several fixes and improvements to seamless mode GUI fixed DirectDraw mode with certain video cards e g Intel i915 GUI fixed incorrect guest resolution after leaving fullscreen mode GUI improved keyboard handling on Linux host GUI show fatal VM aborts aka Guru Meditation GUI fixed crashes due to a display update race condition on some systems GUI added ACPI shutdown option to the VM close dialog GUI NLS improvements BIOS fixed floppy boot menu 208 12 Change log BIOS expose the VM UUID in the DMI SMBIOS area VGA fixed CGA video modes VGA fixed 8 bit DAC handling Solaris setup VMM fixed issue with VI x on Windows 64 bit hosts VMM improved compatibility with Linux KVM VMM fixed issues with Fedora 8 guests VMM fixed fatal errors while installing Windows guests when using AMD V VMM fixed sporadic hangs when minimizing VM window and using VI x AMD V VMM fixed high load of ksoftirq on tickless Linux hosts VMM fixed Windows 2000 guests hangs related to IRQ sharing VMM fixed sporadic errors during openSUSE 10 3 installation VMM fixed issue with Linux 2 6 23 guests VMM fixed issues with Solaris guests VMM fixed stability issue related to incorrect relocations Serial significantly reduced CPU utilization Network fixed issues with FreeBSD guests Network added MII support 100MBit de
278. nage commands 129 8 VBoxManage reference e enumerate lt vm gt patterns lt pattern gt This lists all the guest prop erties that are available for the given VM including the value This list will be very limited if the guest s service process cannot be contacted e g because the VM is not running or the Guest Additions are not installed If patterns pattern is specified it acts as a filter to only list properties that match the given pattern The pattern can contain the following wildcard characters x asterisk represents any number of characters for example VirtualBox would match all properties beginning with VirtualBox question mark represents a single arbitrary character for example fo would match both foo and for pipe symbol can be used to specify multiple alternative patterns for GG example sx tx would match anything starting with either s or t e get vm This retrieves the value of a single property only If the property cannot be found e g because the guest is not running this will print No value seti e set lt vm gt lt property gt lt value gt flags lt flags gt This allows you to set a guest property by specifying the key and value If lt value gt is omitted the property is deleted With flags you can optionally specify ad ditional behavior you can combine several by separating them with comm
279. napshot means that all changes bit by bit that had been made to the machine s disks will be undone as well Strictly speaking this is only true for virtual hard disks in normal mode You can configure disks to behave differently with snapshots see chapter 5 3 Config uring image write operations page 79 Even more formally and technically cor rect it is not the virtual disk itself that is restored when a snapshot is restored Instead when a snapshot is taken VirtualBox creates differencing images which contain only the changes since the snapshot were taken and when the snapshot is restored VirtualBox throws away that differencing image thus going back to the previous state This is both faster and uses less disk space For the details which can be complex please see chapter 5 4 Differencing images page 81 e Finally if you took a snapshot while the machine was running the memory state of the machine is also saved in the snapshot so that when you restore the snapshot execution resumes at exactly the point when the snapshot was taken 5Both the terminology and the functionality of restoring snapshots has changed with VirtualBox 3 1 Before that version it was only possible to go back to the very last snapshot taken not earlier ones and the operation was called Discard current state instead of Restore last snapshot The limitation has been lifted with version 3 1 It is now possible to restore any snapshot going ba
280. nce increase VT x AMD V only VHD properly write empty sectors when cloning of VHD images bug 4080 VHD fixed crash when discarding snapshots of a VHD image VHD fixed access beyond the block bitmap which could lead to arbitrary crashes 175 12 Change log VBoxManage fixed incorrect partition table processing when creating VMDK files giving raw partition access bug 3510 VBoxManage support cloning to existing image file OVF several OVF 1 0 compatibility fixes OVF fixed exporting of disk images when multiple virtual machines are exported at once Virtual mouse device eliminated micro movements of the virtual mouse which were confusing some applications bug 3782 Shared Folders sometimes a file was created using the wrong permissions 2 2 0 regression bug 3785 Shared Folders allow to change file attributes from Linux guests and use the correct file mode when creating files Shared Folders some content was incorrectly written under certain conditions bug 11187 Shared Folders fixed incorrect file timestamps when using Windows guest on a Linux host bug 3404 X11 clipboard fix duplicate end of lines bug 4270 X11 guests a number of shared clipboard fixes Linux guests Guest Additions support for SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 Linux guests new daemon vboxadd service to handle time synchronization and guest property lookup Linux guests implemented guest properties OS info logged in users basic netwo
281. nd EHCI the VBoxInternal Devices usb ohci 0 Config FrameRate CFG key is no longer necessary and no longer sup ported USB fixed BSOD on the host with certain USB devices Windows hosts only bug 1654 E1000 properly handle cable disconnects bug 3421 181 12 Change log VRDP fixed hangs when VRDP server is enabled or disabled in runtime Shared Folders respect umask settings on Linux OSX and Solaris hosts when creating files X11 guests prevented setting the locale in vboxmouse as this caused problems with Turkish locales bug 3563 X11 guests show the guest mouse pointer at the right position if the virtual desktop is larger than the guest resolution bug 2306 Linux Additions fixed typo when detecting Xorg 1 6 bug 3555 Solaris guests added xpg4 xcu4 dependency to the Guest Additions installer bug 3524 Windows guests bind the VBoxMouse sys filter driver to the correct guest point ing device bug 1324 Windows hosts fixed BSOD when starting a VM with enabled host interface bug 3414 Linux hosts do proper reference counting to prevent unloading the vboxnetflt module as long as this code is in use bug 3104 Linux hosts do not leave zombies of VBoxSysInfo sh bug 3586 Linux installers fixes for Slackware Arch Linux and Linux from Scratch systems Windows installers combined installer executable which contains both 32 and 64 bit architectures VBoxManage less cryptic command line e
282. nd how authorization will be performed see chapter 7 4 5 RDP authentication page 101 for details vrdpmulticon on off This enables multiple VRDP connections to the same VRDP server see chapter 7 4 7 VRDP multiple connections page 102 monitorcount count This enables multi monitor support for VRDP see chapter 9 7 Multiple monitors for the guest page 139 usb on off This option enables or disables the VM s virtual USB controller see chapter 3 11 1 USB settings page 56 for details usbehci on off This option enables or disables the VM s virtual USB 2 0 controller see chapter 3 11 1 USB settings page 56 for details 8 6 VBoxManage import This command imports a virtual appliance in OVF format by copying the virtual disk images and creating virtual machines in VirtualBox See chapter 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines page 29 for an introduction to appliances The import subcommand takes at least the path name of an OVF file as input and expects the disk images if needed in the same directory as the OVF file A lot of additional command line options are supported to control in detail what is being imported and modify the import paramters but the details depend on the content of the OVF file 115 8 VBoxManage reference It is therefore recommended to first run the import subcommand with the dry run or n option This will then print a description of the appliance s contents to the screen how
283. nd some 2 6 17 versions introduced a race condition that can cause boot crashes in VirtualBox Please use a kernel version 2 6 19 or later e With hardware virtualization and the I O APIC enabled kernels before 2 6 24 rc6 may panic on boot with the following message Kernel panic not syncing IO APIC timer doesn t work Boot with apic debug and send a report Then try booting with the noapic option If you see this message either disable hardware virtualization or the I O APIC see chapter 3 4 System settings page 47 or upgrade the guest to a newer kernel 11 3 4 Shared clipboard auto resizing and seamless desktop in X11 guests Guest desktop services in guests running the X11 window system Solaris Linux and others are provided by a guest service called VBoxClient which runs under the ID of the user who started the desktop session and is automatically started using the following command lines 2See http www mail archive com git commits headtvger kernel org msg30813 html for details about the kernel fix 155 11 Troubleshooting VBoxClient clipboard VBoxClient display VBoxClient seamless when your X11 user session is started if you are using a common desktop environ ment Gnome KDE and others If a particular desktop service is not working correctly it is worth checking whether the process which should provide it is running The VBoxClient processes create files in the user s home directory with name
284. nd your mouse will drive the guest s pointer instead of your normal mouse pointer Note that mouse ownership is independent of that of the keyboard even after you have clicked on a titlebar to be able to type into the VM window your mouse is not necessarily owned by the VM yet To release ownership of your mouse by the VM also press the Host key As this behavior can be inconvenient VirtualBox provides a set of tools and device drivers for guest systems called the VirtualBox Guest Additions which make VM key board and mouse operation a lot more seamless Most importantly the Additions will get rid of the second guest mouse pointer and make your host mouse pointer work directly in the guest This will be described later in chapter 4 Guest Additions page 60 1 6 1 2 Typing special characters Operating systems expect certain key combinations to initiate certain procedures Some of these key combinations may be difficult to enter into a virtual machine as 22 1 First steps there are three candidates as to who receives keyboard input the host operating sys tem VirtualBox or the guest operating system Who of these three receives keypresses depends on a number of factors including the key itself Host operating systems reserve certain key combinations for themselves For example it is impossible to enter the Ctrl Alt Delete combination if you want to reboot the guest operating system in your virtual machine becau
285. nding the parameter readonly when creating the shared folder with VBoxManage Then you can mount the shared folder from inside a VM the same way as you would mount an ordinary network share e In a Windows guest starting with VirtualBox 1 5 0 shared folders are browseable and are therefore visible in Windows Explorer So to attach the host s shared folder to your Windows guest open Windows Explorer and look for it under My Networking Places gt Entire Network gt VirtualBox Shared Folders By right clicking on a shared folder and selecting Map network drive from the menu that pops up you can assign a drive letter to that shared folder Alternatively on the Windows command line use the following 69 4 Guest Additions net use x vboxsvr sharename While vboxsvr is a fixed name note that vboxsrv would also work replace x with the drive letter that you want to use for the share and sharename with the share name specified with VBoxManage In a Linux guest use the following command mount t vboxsf o OPTIONS sharename mountpoint In a Solaris guest use the following command mount F vboxfs o OPTIONS sharename mountpoint Replace sharename use lowercase with the share name specified with VBoxManage or the GUI and mountpoint with the path where you want the share to be mounted on the guest e g mnt share The usual mount rules apply that is create this directory first if it does
286. nds with root privi leges Linux hosts fixed runtime assertion in semaphore implementation which was triggered under certain conditions bug 616 Linux hosts change the default USB access mode on certain distributions bugs 3394 and 4291 Linux hosts on hardened Gentoo the VBoxSVC daemon crashed by opening the VM network settings bug 3732 Linux hosts Solaris hosts pass the XAUTHORITY variable along the DISPLAY variable when starting a VM from VBoxManage or from the VM selector bug 5063 Linux hosts use sysfs to enumerate host drives if hal is not available Solaris hosts fixed a bug which would hang the host sporadically as interrupts were not re enabled every time Solaris hosts fixed a kernel panic with bridged and host only networking bug 4775 Solaris hosts fixed incorrectly persistent CD DVD ROMs when changing them bug 5077 X11 based hosts support additional function keys on Sun keyboards bug 4907 Mac OS X hosts Snow Leopard fixed problem starting headless VMs without a graphical session bug 5002 Mac OS X hosts fixed problem listing host only adapter names with trailing garbage attached VMs won t start Windows Additions now work with Vista 64 bit Home editions bug 3865 Windows Additions fixed screen corruption with ZoomText Magnifier Windows Additions fixed NPGetUniversalName failure bug 4853 Windows Additions fixed Windows NT regression bug 4946 Windows Additions fixed
287. neral Public License applies to all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library into a program that is not a library 4 You may copy and distribute the Library or a portion or derivative of it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 245 14 Third party licenses 5 A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library but is de signed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it is called a work that uses the Library Such a work in isolation is not a derivative work of the Library and therefore falls outside the scope of this License However linking a work that uses the Library with the Library creates an exe cutable that is a derivative of the Library because it contains portions of the Library rather than a work that uses
288. networking VirtualBox therefore ships a driver for that card with the Windows Guest Additions see chapter 4 3 5 Windows Vista networking page 64 Starting with version 1 6 0 VirtualBox can emulate an Intel E1000 network device which is supported by Vista without any third party drivers 11 2 6 Windows guests may cause a high CPU load Several background applications of Windows guests especially virus scanners are known to increases the CPU load notably even if the guest appears to be idle We recommend to deactivate virus scanners within virtualized guests if possible 154 11 Troubleshooting 11 3 Linux and X11 guests 11 3 1 Linux guests may cause a high CPU load Some Linux guests may cause a high CPU load even if the guest system appears to be idle This can be caused by a high timer frequency of the guest kernel Some Linux distributions for example Fedora ship a Linux kernel configured for a timer frequency of 1000Hz We recommend to recompile the guest kernel and to select a timer frequency of 100Hz 11 3 2 AMD Barcelona CPUs Most Linux based guests will fail with AMD Phenoms or Barcelona level Opterons due to a bug in the Linux kernel Enable the I O APIC to work around the problem see chapter 3 3 2 Advanced tab page 46 11 3 3 Buggy Linux 2 6 kernel versions The following bugs in Linux kernels prevent them from executing correctly in VirtualBox causing VM boot crashes e The Linux kernel version 2 6 18 a
289. ng window 18 1 First steps Create New Virtual Machine Virtual Hard Disk Select a hard disk image to be used as the boot hard disk of the virtual machine You can either create a new hard disk using the New button or select an existing hard disk image from the drop down list or by pressing the Existing button to invoke the Virtual Disk Manager dialog If you need a more complicated hard disk setup you can also skip this step and attach hard disks later using the VM Settings dialog The recommended size of the boot hard disk is 2048 MB Boot Hard Disk Primary Master f Existing lt Back Next gt Cancel The wizard allows you to create an image file or use an existing one Note also that the disk images can be separated from a particular VM so even if you delete a VM you can keep the image or copy it to another host and create a new VM for it there In the wizard you have the following options e If you have previously created any virtual hard disks which have not been attached to other virtual machines you can select those from the drop down list in the wizard window e Otherwise to create a new virtual hard disk press the New button e Finally for more complicated operations with virtual disks the Existing button will bring up the Virtual Disk Manager which is described in more detail in chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 Mo
290. niversity of California The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes 14 2 15 3 COPYRIGHT REDHAT file This Chromium distribution contains information and code which is covered under the following notice Copyright 2001 2002 Red Hat Inc Durham North Carolina All Rights Reserved Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation on the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to per mit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice including the next para graph shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON INFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL RED HAT AND OR THEIR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTI
291. nmount If this option is specified then you can unmount the DVD CD Floppy or mount a new DVD CD Floppy even if the previous one is locked down by the guest for reading Note The option medium none doesn t work when the VM is running because you can t remove DVD Floppy Drives or Harddisks when the VM is running 8 14 VBoxManage showhdinfo This command shows information about a virtual hard disk image notably its size its size on disk its type and the VM it is in use by Note For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox the showvdiinfo command is also supported and mapped internally to the showhdinfo com mand 8 15 VBoxManage createhd This command creates a new virtual hard disk image The syntax is as follows 122 8 VBoxManage reference VBoxManage createhd filename filename size megabytes format VDI VMDK VHD default VDI variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX type normal writethrough default normal comment lt comment gt remember where the parameters mean filename Allows to choose a file name Mandatory size Allows to define the image capacity in 1 MiB units Mandatory format Allows to choose a file format for the output file different from the file format of the input file variant Allows to choose a file format variant for the output file It is a comma separated list of variant flags Not all combinations are sup
292. nology especially the following terms Host operating system host OS the operating system of the physical computer where VirtualBox is running There are versions of VirtualBox for several host operating systems see chapter 1 3 Supported host operating systems page 14 for further information While the various VirtualBox versions are usually discussed together in this document there may be platform specific differences which we will point out where appropriate Guest operating system guest OS the operating system that is running inside the virtual machine Theoretically VirtualBox can run any x86 operating sys tem DOS Windows OS 2 FreeBSD OpenBSD but to achieve near native performance of the guest code on your machine we had to go through a lot of optimizations that are specific to certain operating systems So while your favorite operating system may run as a guest we officially support and optimize for a select few which however include the most common ones See chapter 3 1 Supported guest operating systems page 44 for further informa tion Virtual machine VM When running a VM is the special environment that VirtualBox creates for your guest operating system So in other words you run your guest operating system in a VM Normally a VM will be shown as a window on your computer s desktop but depending on which of the vari ous frontends of VirtualBox you use it can be displayed in full screen mode or
293. ns 8 1 or 8 2 above all end user license agreements excluding distributors and resellers which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive termination 9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LE GAL THEORY WHETHER TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE CONTRACT OR OTH ERWISE SHALL YOU THE INITIAL DEVELOPER ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PAR TIES BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITA TION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL WORK STOPPAGE COMPUTER FAIL URE OR MALFUNCTION OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPIY TO LIA BILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY S NEG LIGENCE TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU 10 U S GOVERNMENT END USERS The Covered Code is a commercial item as that term is defined in 48 C F R 2 101 Oct 1995 consisting of commercial com puter software and commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used in 48 C F R 12 212 Sept 1995 Consistent wi
294. nstalled into your zone you need to give the zone access to VirtualBox s device node This is done by performing the following steps Start a root terminal and execute zonecfg z vboxzone Inside the zonecfg prompt add the device resource and mat ch properties to the zone Here s how it can be done zonecfg vboxzone add device zonecfg vboxzone device set match dev vboxdrv zonecfg vboxzone device end zonecfg vboxzone verify zonecfg vboxzone exit If you are running VirtualBox 2 2 0 or above on OpenSolaris or Nevada hosts you should add a device for dev vboxusbmon too similar to what was shown above This does not apply to Solaris 10 hosts due to lack of USB support Replace vboxzone with the name of the zone in which you intend to run VirtualBox Next reboot the zone using zoneadm and you should be able to run VirtualBox from within the configured zone 43 3 Configuring virtual machines Whereas chapter 1 First steps page 9 gave you a quick introduction to VirtualBox and how to get your first virtual machine running the following chapter contains more details about how to configure virtual machines You have considerable latitude in deciding what virtual hardware will be provided to the guest The virtual hardware can be used for communicating with the host system or with other guests For instance if you provide VirtualBox with the image of a CD ROM in an ISO file VirtualBox can present this image to a guest system
295. nt t usbfs usbfs proc bus usb and add the necessary options make sure that everything is in a single line DEVPATH module usbcore ACTION add RUN bin mount t usbfs usbfs proc bus usb o devgid 85 devmode 664 Debian Etch has the mount command in etc init d mountkernfs sh Since that distribution has no group usb it is also the easiest solution to allow all members of the group vboxusers to access the USB subsystem Modify the line 160 11 Troubleshooting domount usbfs usbdevfs proc bus usb onoexec nosuid nodev so that it contains domount usbfs usbdevfs proc bus usb onoexec nosuid nodev devgid 85 devmode 664 As usual replace the 85 with the actual group number which should get access to USB devices Other distributions do similar operations in scripts stored in the etc init d di rectory 11 5 8 PAX grsec kernels Linux kernels including the grsec patch see http www grsecurity net and derivates have to disable PAX MPROTECT for the VBox binaries to be able to start a VM The reason is that VBox has to create executable code on anonymous memory 11 5 9 Linux kernel vmalloc pool exhausted When running a large number of VMs with a lot of RAM on a Linux system say 20 VMs with 1GB of RAM each additional VMs might fail to start with a kernel error saying that the vmalloc pool is exhausted and should be extended The error message also tells you to specify vmalloc 256MB in your kernel parameter list If
296. nterface using a network cable the host can send data to the guest through that interface and receive data from it This means that you can set up routing or bridging between the guest and the rest of your network For this to work VirtualBox needs a device driver on your host system The way bridged networking works has been completely rewritten with VirtualBox 2 0 and 2 1 depending on the host operating system From the user perspective the main differ ence is that complex configuration is no longer necessary on any of the supported host operating systems Note Even though TAP is no longer necessary on Linux with bridged network ing you can still use TAP interfaces for certain advanced setups since you can connect a VM to any host interface which could also be a TAP interface To enable bridged networking all you need to do is to open the Settings dialog of a virtual machine go to the Network page and select Bridged network in the drop down list for the Attached to field Finally select desired host interface from the For Mac OS X and Solaris hosts net filter drivers were already added in VirtualBox 2 0 as initial support for Host Interface Networking on these platforms With VirtualBox 2 1 net filter drivers were also added for the Windows and Linux hosts replacing the mechanisms previously present in VirtualBox for those platforms especially on Linux the earlier method required creating TA
297. ntirely from distribution of the Library If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contri butions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a conse quence of the rest of this License 12 If the distribution and or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 13 The
298. nutes or so keeping the configuration files locked In other rare cases the COM server might experience an internal error and subsequently other processes fail to initialize it In these situations it is recommended to use the Windows task manager to kill the process VBoxSVC exe 11 4 2 CD DVD changes not recognized In case you have assigned a physical CD DVD drive to a guest and the guest does not notice when the medium changes make sure that the Windows media change notification MCN feature is not turned off This is represented by the following key in the Windows registry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE System CurrentControlSet Services Cdrom Autorun 156 11 Troubleshooting Certain applications may disable this key against Microsoft s advice If it is set to 0 change it to 1 and reboot your system VirtualBox relies on Windows notifying it of media changes 11 4 3 Sluggish response when using Microsoft RDP client If connecting to a Virtual Machine via the Microsoft RDP client called Remote Desktop Connection there can be large delays between input moving the mouse over a menu is the most obvious situation and output This is because this RDP client collects input for a certain time before sending it to the VRDP server built into VirtualBox The interval can be decreased by setting a Windows registry key to smaller values than the default of 100 The key does not exist initially and must be of type DWORD The unit for its values is m
299. nux hosts fixed occasional kernel oopses bug 2556 Solaris hosts fixed high CPU load while running many guests in parallel 191 12 Change log Solaris hosts fixed inability to start more than 128 VMs Solaris Web services fixed SMF script to set home directory correctly Linux Additions fixed occasional file corruption when writing files in O APPEND mode to a shared folder bug 2844 12 15 Version 2 0 6 2008 11 21 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM fixed Guru meditation when running 64 bits Windows guests bug 2220 VMM fixed Solaris 10U6 boot hangs VT x and AMD V bug 2565 VMM fixed Solaris 10U6 reboot hangs AMD V only bug 2565 GUI the host key was sometimes not properly displayed Windows hosts only bug 1996 GUI the keyboard focus was lost after minimizing and restoring the VM window via the Windows taskbar bugs 784 VBoxManage properly show SATA disks when showing the VM information bug 2624 SATA fixed access if the buffer size is not sector aligned bug 2024 SATA improved performance SATA fixed snapshot function with ports gt 1 bug 2510 E1000 fixed crash under rare circumstances USB fixed support for iPhone and Nokia devices Linux host bugs 470 amp 491 Windows host installer added proper handling of open VirtualBox applications when updating the installation Windows host installer fixed default installation directory on 64
300. of License are applicable instead of those above If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms of the License and not to allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice and other provisions required by the License If you do not delete the provisions above a recipient may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the __ License NOTE The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly from the text of the notices in the Source Code files of the Original Code You should use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text found in the Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications 14 2 4 MIT License Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit per sons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTI
301. of the library if the user installs one as long as the modified version is interface compatible with the version that the work was made with 246 14 Third party licenses c Accompany the work with a written offer valid for at least three years to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a above for a charge no more than the cost of performing this distribution d If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from a designated place offer equivalent access to copy the above specified materials from the same place e Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or that you have already sent this user a copy For an executable the required form of the work that uses the Library must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the executable from it However as a special exception the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions of other pro prietary libraries that do not normally accompany the operating system Such a con tradiction means you cannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that you distribute 7 You may place libra
302. oftware COM allows applications to provide application programming inter faces which can be accessed from various other programming languages and applications VirtualBox makes use of COM both internally and externally to provide a comprehensive API to 3rd party developers D DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol This allows a networking device in a network to acquire its IP address and other networking details automatically in order to avoid having to configure all devices in a network with fixed IP ad dresses VirtualBox has a built in DHCP server that delivers an IP addresses to a virtual machine when networking is configured to NAT see chapter 6 Virtual networking page 85 DKMS Dynamic Kernel Module Support A framework that simplifies installing and updating external kernel modules on Linux machines see chapter 2 3 2 The VirtualBox kernel module page 34 E EHCI Enhanced Host Controller Interface the interface that implements the USB 2 0 standard G GUI Graphical User Interface Commonly used as an antonym to a command line interface in the context of VirtualBox we sometimes refer to the main graphical VirtualBox program as the GUI to differentiate it from the VBoxManage interface GUID See UUID IDE Integrated Drive Electronics an industry standard for hard disk interfaces See chapter 5 1 Hard disk controllers IDE SATA AHCI SCSI page 76 l O APIC See APIC 275 Glossary iSCSI Inte
303. om the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribu tion medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any th
304. on Note that if you use the special TSC handling mode with a guest operating system which is very strict about the consistency of time sources you may get a warning or error message about the timing inconsistency It may also cause clocks to become unreliable with some guest operating systems depending on they use the TSC 148 9 Advanced topics 9 17 Configuring the hard disk vendor product data VPD VirtualBox reports vendor product data for its virtual hard disks which consist of hard disk serial number firmware revision and model number These can be changed using the following commands VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 Config Port0 SerialNumber serial VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 Config Port0 FirmwareRevision firmware VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 Config Port0 ModelNumber model The serial number is a 20 byte alphanumeric string the firmware revision an 8 byte alphanumeric string and the model number a 40 byte alphanumeric string Instead of Port0 referring to the first port specify the desired SATA hard disk port Additional three parameters are needed for CD DVD drives to report the vendor product data VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 Config Port0 ATAPIVendorId vendor VBoxManage setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 Config Port0 ATAPIProductId product VBoxManage
305. on only bugs 2696 amp 3868 ACPI fixed Windows 2000 kernel hangs with IO APIC enabled bug 4348 APIC fixed high idle load for certain Linux guests 3 0 regression BIOS properly handle Ctrl Alt Del in real mode iSCSI fixed configuration parsing bug 4236 OVF fix potential confusion when exporting networks OVF compatibility fix bug 4452 OVF accept ovf disk specifiers with a single slash in addition to ovf disk bug 4452 NAT fixed crashes under certain circumstances bug 4330 3D support fixed dynamic linking on Solaris OpenSolaris guests bug 4399 3D support fixed incorrect context window tracking for multithreaded apps Shared Folders fixed loading from saved state bug 1595 Shared Folders host file permissions set to 0400 with Windows guest bug 4381 X11 host and guest clipboard fixed a number of issues including bug 4380 and 4344 X11 Additions fixed some issues with seamless windows in X11 guests bug 3727 Windows Additions added VBoxServiceNT for NT4 guests for time synchro nization and guest properties Windows Additions fixed version lookup Linux Installer support Pardus Linux Linux hosts workaround for buggy graphics drivers showing a black VM window on recent distributions bug 4335 Linux hosts fixed typo in kernel module startup script bug 4388 Solaris hosts several installer fixes 173 12 Change log Solaris host fixed a preemption issue causing VMs
306. oner than on a physical system The solution is to introduce an artificial delay before delivering such inter rupts This delay can be configured for a VM using the following command VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxInternal Devices piix3ide 0 Config IRQDelay 1 This sets the delay to one millisecond In case this doesn t help increase it to a value between 1 and 5 milliseconds Please note that this slows down disk performance After installation you should be able to remove the key or set it to 0 11 2 4 How to record bluescreen information from Windows guests When Windows guests run into a kernel crash they display the infamous bluescreen Depending on how Windows is configured the information will remain on the screen until the machine is restarted or it will reboot automatically During installation Win dows is usually configured to reboot automatically With automatic reboots there is no chance to record the bluescreen information which might be important for problem determination VirtualBox provides a method of halting a guest when it wants to perform a reset In order to enable this feature issue the following command VBoxManage setextradata VMNAME VBoxInternal PDM HaltOnReset 1 11 2 5 No networking in Windows Vista guests Unfortunately with Vista Microsoft dropped support for the virtual AMD PCNet card that we are providing to virtual machines As a result after installation Vista guests initially have no
307. oot VMM fixed OS 2 ACP2 boot floppy hang VT x only VMM small performance improvement for OpenSolaris guests AMD V only VMM fixed CentOS Xen reboot software virtualization only bug 4509 SATA fixed hangs BSOD during Windows XP installation bug 4342 SATA mark the ports as non hotpluggable bug 3920 3D support fix deadlocks and context window tracking for multithreaded ap plications bug 3922 3D support fix memory leaks when terminating OpenGL guest applications 3D support fix crash in Call of Duty NAT using two or more NAT adapters in one VM was broken 3 0 0 regression NAT fixed network communication corruptions bugs 4499 4540 4591 4604 NAT fixed passive ftp access to host server bug 4427 iSCSI fixed cloning to from iSCSI disks GUI fixed path separator handling for the OVF export on Windows bug 4354 GUI the mini toolbar was only shown on the first host display bug 4654 GUI added a VM option to display the mini toolbar on top GUI don t crash when adding plus configuring host only network interfaces 171 12 Change log Shared Folders fixed selection of a drive root directory as a shared folder host path in VirtualBox Windows host only USB fixed a bug that may have rendered USB device filter settings inactive 3 0 2 regression bug 4668 Guest Additions report the Guest Additions version to the guest properties bug 3415 Mac OS X hosts fix creation of VMDK files givin
308. opyrighted by individiual organizations Please see the files COPYRIGHT LLNL and COPYRIGHT REDHAT for more information Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met e Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 268 14 Third party licenses e Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution e Neither the name of Stanford University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBU TORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPY RIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCI DENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OT
309. ortcount This determines how many ports the SATA controller should support remove Removes the storage controller from the VM config 8 13 2 VBoxManage storageattach This command attaches modifies removes a storage medium connected to the storage controller named by storagectl The syntax is as follows VBoxManage storageattach lt uuid vmname gt storagectl lt name gt port number device number type lt dvddrive hdd fdd gt medium lt none emptydrive uuid filename host lt drive gt gt passthrough lt on off gt forceunmount where the parameters mean uuid vmname The VM UUID or VM Name Mandatory 121 8 VBoxManage reference storagectl Name of the storage controller Mandatory port Port number to which the medium has to be attached detached modified Mandatory device Device Number to which the medium has to be attached detached modified Mandatory type Define the type of the drive to which the medium is being attached detached modified medium Allows to specify if the DVD Floppy drive or Harddisk is to be completly detached none or just an empty DVD Floppy drive needs to be attached emp tydrive If uuid filename or host lt drive gt is specified then it is attached to the storage controller at the specified port and device number passthrough With this you can enable DVD writing support currently experimental see chapter 3 7 CD DVD ROM and floppy settings page 53 forceu
310. ost s power status information to the guest ACPI is the current industry standard to allow operating systems to recognize hardware configure motherboards and other devices and manage power As all modern PCs contain this feature and Windows and Linux have been supporting it for years it is also enabled by default in VirtualBox Warning All Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000 install different kernels depending on whether ACPI is available so ACPI must not be turned off after installation of a Windows guest OS Turning it on after installation will have no effect however Enable I O APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers APICs are a newer x86 hardware feature that have replaced old style Programmable Interrupt Con trollers PICs in recent years With an I O APIC operating systems can use more than 16 interrupt requests IRQs and therefore avoid IRQ sharing for improved reliability Note Enabling the I O APIC is required for 64 bit guest operating systems especially Windows Vista it is also required if you want to use more than one virtual CPU in a virtual machine However software support for I O APICs has been unreliable with some operat ing systems other than Windows Also the use of an I O APIC slightly increases the overhead of virtualization and therefore slows down the guest OS a little Warning All Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000 install diffe
311. ote that starting with VirtualBox 2 1 Linux 2 4 based host operating systems are no longer supported Solaris hosts 32 bit and 64 bit are supported with the restrictions listed in chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 OpenSolaris 2008 05 and higher Nevada build 86 and higher Solaris 10 u5 and higher 1 4 Installing and starting VirtualBox VirtualBox comes in many different packages and installation depends on your host platform If you have installed software before installation should be straightforward as on each host platform VirtualBox uses the installation method that is most common and easy to use If you run into trouble or have special requirements please refer to chapter 2 Installation details page 32 for details about the various installation methods After installation you can start VirtualBox as follows e On a Windows host in the standard Programs menu click on the item in the VirtualBox group On Vista or Windows 7 you can also type VirtualBox in the search box of the Start menu e On a Mac OS X host in the Finder double click on the VirtualBox item in the Applications folder You may want to drag this item onto your Dock e On a Linux or Solaris host depending on your desktop environment a VirtualBox item may have been placed in either the System or System Tools group of your Applications menu Alternatively you can type VirtualBox in a terminal When y
312. oting section VRDP provide extensive connection information also exposed through VBox Manage Linux module added support for Linux 2 6 16 VBoxManage improved support for immutable disk images iSCSI several fixes USB several fixes VBoxSDL added switch for fixed video mode and guest image centering VMM improved performance of Linux 2 6 x guests 12 38 Version 1 1 4 2006 03 09 Note The configuration file format has been changed After applying this update ex ecute VBoxManage updatesettings to convert your configuration to the new format Note Guest Additions have to be updated General added support for multi generation snapshots VMM fixed Linux guest reboot regression 223 12 Change log VRDP added client authentication through external authentication libraries WinLogon and PAM interfaces are provided as sample code VRDP close TCP connection immediately when receiving bad data from the re mote side VRDP improved Microsoft RDP client support XPCOM fixed race condition on SMP systems that could lead to hung client processes Linux host API fixed race condition on SMP systems Network added AMD PC Net II 1OOMBit network card Am79C973 Network added PXE boot ROM for network boot Audio fixed regression with Windows 2000 guests Audio pause playback when VM is paused iSCSI added standards compliant iSCSI initiator for transparent access of iSCSI targets VBoxSDL ship on Windows as well
313. ou start VirtualBox for the first time a window like the following should come up Support for OpenSolaris was added with VirtualBox 1 6 15 1 First steps Ni Sun VirtualBox Jale File Machine Help O e j amp Details Snapshots Description ss 7 Y New Settings Start Discard Welcome to VirtualBox The left part of this window is intended to display a list of all virtual machines on your computer The list is empty now because you haven t created any virtual machines yet In order to create a new virtual machine press the New button in the main tool bar located at gt L2 the top of the window SR You can press the F1 key to get instant help or visit www virtualbox org for the latest information NA and news On the left you can see a pane that will later list all your virtual machines Since you have not created any the list is empty A row of buttons above it allows you to create new VMs and work on existing VMs once you have some The pane on the right displays the properties of the virtual machine currently selected if any Again since you don t have any machines yet the pane displays a welcome message To give you an idea what VirtualBox might look like later after you have created many machines here s another example Sun xVM VirtualBox File Machine Help amp Details gj Snapshots Description Oo SO X 9 o E New Settings Delete Start Discard E
314. overed Code that new knowledge has been obtained b Contributor APIs If Contributor s Modifications include an application program ming interface and Contributor has knowledge of patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement that API Contributor must also include this information in the LEGAL file 3 5 Required Notices You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit A in each file of the Source Code If it is not possible to put such notice in a particular Source Code file due to its structure then You must include such notice in a location such as a relevant directory where a user would be likely to look for such a notice If You created one or more Modification s You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described in Exhibit A You must also duplicate this License in any documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code You may choose to offer and to charge a fee for warranty support indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code However You may do so only on Your own behalf and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any Contributor You must make it absolutely clear than any such warranty support indemnity or liability obligation is offered by You alone and You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result
315. own link notification after resuming a VM NAT fixed ethernet address corruptions bug 4839 NAT fixed hangs dropped packets and retransmission problems bug 4343 Bridged Network fixed packet queue issue which might cause DRIVER POWER STATE FAILURE BSOD for Windows hosts bug 4821 Windows Additions fixed a bug in VBoxGINA which prevented selecting the right domain when logging in the first time Windows host installer should now also work on unicode systems like Korean bug 3707 Windows host installer check for sufficient disk space Shared clipboard do not send zero terminated text to X11 guests and hosts bug 4712 Shared clipboard use a less CPU intensive way of checking for new data on X11 guests and hosts bug 4092 Guest Additions do not hide the host mouse cursor when restoring a saved state bug 4700 Windows guests fixed issues with the display of the mouse cursor image bugs 2603 2660 and 4817 170 12 Change log SUSE 11 guests fixed Guest Additions installation bug 4506 Guest Additions support Fedora 12 Alpha guests bugs 4731 4733 and 4734 12 5 Version 3 0 4 2009 08 04 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM 64 bits guest stability fixes AMD V only bugs 3923 amp 3666 VMM SMP stability fixes AMD V only VMM SMP performance improvement esp for Solaris guests VMM eliminated several bugs which could lead to a host reb
316. own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License You must supply a copy of this License If the work during execution displays copyright notices you must include the copyright notice for the Library among them as well as a reference directing the user to the copy of this License Also you must do one of these things a Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine readable source code for the Library including whatever changes were used in the work which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above and if the work is an executable linked with the Library with the complete machine readable work that uses the Library as object code and or source code so that the user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified executable containing the modified Library It is under stood that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application to use the modified definitions b Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library A suitable mechanism is one that 1 uses at run time a copy of the library already present on the user s computer system rather than copying library functions into the executable and 2 will operate properly with a modified version
317. p virtual serial ports For the latter please refer to chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 in that section look for the uart and uartmode options In either case you can configure up to two virtual serial ports simultaneously For each such device you will need to determine 1 what kind of serial port the virtual machine should see by selecting an I O base address and interrupt IRQ For these we recommend to use the traditional values which are a COMI I O base 0x3F8 IRQ 4 b COM2 I O base Ox2F8 IRQ 3 c COM3 I O base 0x3E8 IRQ 4 d COM4 I O base 0x2E8 IRQ 3 2 Then you will need to determine what this virtual port should be connected to For each virtual serial port you have the following options e You can elect to have the virtual serial port disconnected which means that the guest will see it as hardware but it will behave as if no cable had been connected to it e You can connect the virtual serial port to a physical serial port on your host On a Windows host this will be a name like COM1 on Linux or OpenSolaris hosts it will be a device node like dev ttyS0 VirtualBox 3Serial port support was added with VirtualBox 1 5 4See for example http en wikipedia org wiki COM hardware interface 55 3 Configuring virtual machines will then simply redirect all data received from and sent to the virtual serial port to the physical device You can tell VirtualBox to connect the virtu
318. pe support different command line options The import subcommand can be directed to ignore many such items with a vsys X unit Y ignore option where X is the number of the virtual system zero unless there are several virtual system descriptions in the appliance and Y the item number as printed on the screen In the above example Item 1 specifies the name of the target machine in VirtualBox Items 9 and 10 specify hard disk controllers respectively Item 11 describes a hard disk image in this case the additional cont roller option indi cates which item the disk image should be connected to with the default coming from the OVF file You can combine several items for the same virtual system behind the same vsys option For example to import a machine as described in the OVF but without the sound card and without the USB controller and with the disk image connected to the IDE controller instead of the SCSI controller use this VBoxManage import WindowsXp ovf vsys 0 unit 5 ignore unit 6 ignore unit 11 controller 10 116 8 VBoxManage reference 8 7 VBoxManage export This command exports one or more virtual machines from VirtualBox into a virtual appliance in OVF format including copying their virtual disk images to compressed VMDK See chapter 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines page 29 for an introduction to appliances The export command is simple to use list the machine or the machines that
319. play to not block installation Linux installer added RPM for openSUSE 10 2 GUI fixed problems with several keyboard layouts on Linux hosts GUI added online help on Linux hosts using kchmviewer GUI fixed handle leak on Windows hosts Graphics increased VRAM limit to 128MB BIOS fixed CD DVD ROM detection in Windows Vista guests VMM fixed incompatibility with OpenBSD 4 0 VDI fixed issues with snapshot merging Network fixed incompatibility between Vista UAC and Host Interface Network ing Network fixed issues with Windows NT 4 0 guests Audio fixed problem with ALSA on Linux before 2 6 18 causing system reboots VRDP added support for MS RDP 6 0 clients VRDP fixed issue with PAM authentication on certain distributions VRDP fixed sporadic disconnects with MS RDP clients iSCSI improved behavior when pausing a VM with iSCSI connections iSCSI improved read timeout handling 217 12 Change log 12 30 Version 1 3 4 2007 02 12 General fixed unresolved symbol issue on Windows 2000 hosts General added warnings at VirtualBox startup when there is no valid Linux kernel module General fixed problem with unrecognized host CDROM DVD drives on Linux General fixed compatibility issue with SELinux GUI improved USB user interface easier filter definitions menu to directly at tach specific devices GUI added VM settings options for VRDP GUI fixed GDI handle leak on Windows hosts GUI worked around issue in the Met
320. plication inside your virtual machine uses 3D features through the OpenGL or Direct3D 8 9 programming interfaces instead of emulating them in software which would be slow VirtualBox will attempt to use your host s 3D hardware This works for all supported host platforms Windows Mac Linux Solaris provided that your host operating system can make use of your accelerated 3D hardware in the first place The 3D acceleration currently has the following preconditions 1 It is only available for certain Windows Linux and Solaris guests In particular e For Windows guests support is restricted to 32 bit versions of XP and Vista Both OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 are supported experimental e OpenGL on Linux requires kernel 2 6 27 and higher as well as X org server version 1 5 and higher Ubuntu 8 10 and Fedora 10 have been tested and confirmed as working e OpenGL on Solaris guests requires X org server version 1 5 and higher 2 The Guest Additions must be installed Note For Direct 3D acceleration to work in a Windows Guest VirtualBox needs to replace Windows system files in the virtual machine As a result the Guest Additions installation program offers Direct 3D acceleration as an op tion that must be explicitly enabled Also you must install the Guest Additions in Safe Mode see chapter 13 Known limitations page 232 for details 3 Because 3D support is still experimental at this time it is disabled by defau
321. ported and specifying inconsistent flags will result in an error message type Only honored if remember is also specified Defines what kind of hard disk type this image should be comment Allows to attach a comment to the image remember Keep the destination image registered after it was successfully written Note For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox the createvdi command is also supported and mapped internally to the createhd com mand 8 16 VBoxManage modifyhd With the modifyhd command you can change the type of an existing image between the normal immutable and write through modes see chapter 5 3 Configuring image write operations page 79 for details Note For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox the modifyvdi command is also supported and mapped internally to the modifyhd com mand For immutable differencing hard disks only the modifyhd autoreset onloff command determines whether the disk is automatically reset on every VM startup 123 8 VBoxManage reference again see chapter 5 3 Configuring image write operations page 79 The default is on In addition the modifyhd compact command can be used to compact disk im ages i e remove blocks that only contains zeroes For this operation to be effective it is required to zero out free space in the guest system using a suitable software tool Microsoft provides
322. re fore by modifying or distributing the Library or any work based on the Library you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it 10 Each time you redistribute the Library or any work based on the Library the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions You may not 247 14 Third party licenses impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License 11 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain e
323. real computer without shutting it down properly If you start the machine again after powering it off your 24 1 First steps operating system will have to reboot completely and may begin a lengthy check of its virtual system disks As a result this should not normally be done since it can potentially cause data loss or an inconsistent state of the guest system on disk The Discard button in the main VirtualBox window discards a virtual machine s saved state This has the same effect as powering it off and the same warnings apply 1 7 Snapshots With snapshots you can save a particular state of a virtual machine for later use At any later time you can revert to that state even though you may have changed the VM considerably since then You can see the snapshots of a virtual machine by first selecting a machine from the list on the left of the VirtualBox main window and then selecting the Snapshots tab on the right Initially until you take a snapshot of the machine that list is empty except for the Current state item which represents the Now point in the lifetime of the virtual machine There are three operations related to snapshots 1 You can take a snapshot If your VM is currently running select Take snapshot from the Machine pull down menu of the VM window If your VM is currently in either the saved or the powered off state as dis played next to the VM in the V
324. rent kernels depending on whether an I O APIC is available As with ACPI the I O APIC therefore must not be turned off after installation of a Windows guest OS Turning it on after installation will have no effect however 3 4 2 Processor tab On the Processor tab you can set how many virtual CPU cores the guest operating systems should see Starting with version 3 0 VirtualBox supports symmetrical multi processing SMP and can present up to 32 virtual CPU cores to each virtual machine You should not however configure virtual machines to use more CPU cores than you have available physically 48 3 Configuring virtual machines In addition the Enable PAE NX setting determines whether the PAE and NX capa bilities of the host CPU will be exposed to the virtual machine PAE stands for Physical Address Extension Normally if enabled and supported by the operating system then even a 32 bit x86 CPU can access more than 4 GB of RAM This is made possible by adding another 4 bits to memory addresses so that with 36 bits up to 64 GB can be addressed Some operating systems such as Ubuntu Server require PAE support from the CPU and cannot be run in a virtual machine without it 3 4 3 Acceleration tab hardware vs software virtualization On this page you can determine whether and how VirtualBox should use hardware virtualization extensions that your host CPU may support In most cases the default
325. responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DIS TRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any
326. rics have been modified as the result of the command execution query This subcommand retrieves and displays the currently retained metric data Note The query subcommand does not remove or flush retained data If you query often enough you will see how old samples are gradually being phased out by new samples collect This subcommand sets the interval between taking two samples of metric data and the number of samples retained internally The collected data is displayed periodically until Ctrl C is pressed unless the detach option is specified With the detach option this subcommand operates the same way as setup does The 1ist option shows which metrics match the specified filter 8 25 VBoxManage guestproperty The guestproperty commands allow you to get or set properties of a running virtual machine Please see chapter 4 11 Guest properties page 73 for an introduction As explained there guest properties are arbitrary key value string pairs which can be written to and read from by either the guest or the host so they can be used as a low volume communication channel for strings provided that a guest is running and has the Guest Additions installed In addition a number of values whose keys begin with VirtualBox are automatically set and maintained by the Guest Additions The following subcommands are available where vm in each case can either be a VM name or a VM UUID as with the other VBoxMa
327. rk information Windows host installer VirtualBox Python API can now be installed automati cally requires Python and Win32 Extensions installed USB Support for high speed isochronous endpoints has been added In addition read ahead buffering is performed for input endpoints currently Linux hosts only This should allow additional devices to work notably webcams bug 242 USB fixed error handling for some USB dongles Web service fixed inability to handle NULL pointers for object arguments which are valid values for a lot of APIs in both the raw and the object oriented web service 176 12 Change log Web service object oriented bindings for JAX WS did not exhibit interface inher itance correctly fixed Web service added support for Display and IGuest interfaces which were pre viously unavailable Registration dialog uses Sun Online accounts now 12 8 Version 2 2 4 2009 05 29 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added Windows Installer fixed a potential hang during installation Windows Installer fixed several problems bug 3892 Solaris hosts make it work with Solaris build 114 or later bug 3981 Solaris hosts fixed a bug serial port character handling found during loopback bug 3120 Linux hosts adapted vboxdrv sh to the latest changes in VBoxManage list runningvms bug 4034 Windows hosts fixed a crash caused by host only bridged networking Mac OS X hosts
328. rk share For details please refer to chapter 4 7 Folder sharing page 68 Seamless windows With this feature the individual windows that are displayed on the desktop of the virtual machine can be mapped on the host s desktop as if the underlying application was actually running on the host See chapter 4 8 Seamless windows page 71 for details Shared clipboard With the Guest Additions installed the clipboard of the guest op erating system can optionally be shared with your host operating system see chapter 3 3 General settings page 46 Automated Windows logons Credentials passing Windows guests only For de tails please see chapter 9 2 Automated Windows guest logons page 133 4 2 Versions Each version of VirtualBox even minor releases ship with their own version of the Guest Additions While the interfaces through which the VirtualBox core communi cates with the Guest Additions are kept stable so that Guest Additions already installed in a VM should continue to work when VirtualBox is upgraded on the host for best results it is recommended to keep the Guest Additions at the same version Starting with VirtualBox 3 1 the Windows and Linux Guest Additions therefore check automatically whether they have to be updated If the host is running a newer VirtualBox version than the Guest Additions a notification with with further instruc tions is displayed in the guest 61 4 Guest Additions To disable this update check
329. rnet SCSI see chapter 5 7 iSCSI servers page 83 MAC Media Access Control a part of an Ethernet network card A MAC address is a 6 byte number which identifies a network card It is typically written in hexadecimal notation where the bytes are separated by colons such as 00 17 3A 5E CB 08 N NAT Network Address Translation A technique to share networking interfaces by which an interface modifies the source and or target IP addresses of network packets according to specific rules Commonly employed by routers and fire walls to shield an internal network from the Internet VirtualBox can use NAT to easily share a host s physical networking hardware with its virtual machines See chapter 6 3 Network Address Translation NAT page 87 O OVF Open Virtualization Format a cross platform industry standard to exchange vir tual appliances between virtualization products see chapter 1 10 Importing and exporting virtual machines page 29 P PAE Physical Address Extension This allows accessing more than 4 GB of RAM even in 32 bit environments see chapter 3 3 2 Advanced tab page 46 PIC See APIC PXE Preboot Execution Environment an industry standard for booting PC systems from remote network locations It includes DHCP for IP configuration and TFTP for file transfer Using UNDI a hardware independent driver stack for accessing the network card from bootstrap code is available R RDP Remote Desktop Protocol a protoco
330. roller does not detect a hard disk attached to the controller s first port and the BusLogic controller does not work with Windows NT4 guests Finally Serial ATA SATA is a newer standard introduced in 2003 Compared to IDE it supports both much higher speeds and more devices per hard disk con troller Also with real hardware devices can be added and removed while the system is running The standard interface for SATA controllers is called Advanced Host Controller Interface AHCI For compatibility reasons AHCI controllers by default operate the disks attached to it in a so called IDE compatibility mode unless SATA support is explicitly requested IDE compatibility mode means that the BIOS can operate these drives Disks assigned to those slots will operate in full speed AHCI mode once the guest operating system has loaded its AHCI device driver Like a real SATA controller VirtualBox s virtual SATA controller operates faster and also consumes less CPU resources than the virtual IDE controller Also this allows you to connect up to 30 virtual hard disks to one machine instead of just three as with IDE Of these the first four numbered 0 3 in the graphical user interface are operated in IDE compatibility mode by default 77 5 Virtual storage To enable the SATA controller on the Hard Disks page of a virtual machine s settings dialog check the Enable Additional Controller box and select SATA A
331. rror messages VBoxManage list vms commands now default to compact format VBoxManage controlvm dvdattach did not work if the image was attached before VBoxManage allow creation of all supported disk image variants VBoxManage showvminfo don t spam the release log if the Guest Additions don t support statistics information bug 3457 VBoxManage big command line processing cleanup the legacy single dash op tions are deprecated and will be removed in the next major release so switch to the new options now Hard disks improved immutable disk support to auto reset diff file at VM startup related to bug 2772 182 12 Change log GUI enable the audio adapter by default for new VMs GUI warn if VI x AMD V is not operational when starting a 64 bit guest e GUI deactivate 64 bit guest support when the host CPU does not support VT x AMD V GUI removed floppy icon from the status bar GUI show build revision in about dialog GUI fixed sticky status bar text GUI improved error dialogs GUI fail with an appropriate error message when trying to boot a read only disk image bug 1745 GUI Mac OS X fixed disabled close button GUI Windows re enabled support for copy and paste Windows hosts 2 0 re gression bug 2065 3D support added OpenGL select feedback support bug 2920 3D support close OpenGL subsystem for terminated guest applications bug 3243 3D support fixed VM hangs when starting guests with 3D a
332. ry facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License and distribute such a combined library provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted and provided that you do these two things a Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library uncombined with any other library facilities This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above b Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part of it is a work based on the Library and explaining where to find the accompanying uncom bined form of the same work 8 You may not copy modify sublicense link with or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sub license link with or distribute the Library is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 9 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License The
333. s The rpm format does not provide a configuration system comparable to the deb conf system To configure the installation process of our rpm packages a file etc default virtualbox is interpreted The automatic generation of the udev rule can be prevented by the following setting INSTALL NO UDEV 1 The creation of the group vboxusers can be prevented by INSTALL NO GROUP 1 If the line INSTALL NO VBOXDRV 1 is specified the package installer will not try to build the vboxdrv kernel module if no module according to the current kernel was found 40 2 Installation details 2 3 5 Starting VirtualBox on Linux The easiest way to start a VirtualBox program is by running the program of your choice VirtualBox VBoxManage VBoxSDL or VBoxHeadless from a terminal These are symbolic links to VBox sh that start the required program for you The following detailed instructions should only be of interest if you wish to exe cute VirtualBox without installing it first You should start by compiling the vboxdrv kernel module see above and inserting it into the Linux kernel VirtualBox consists of a service daemon VBoxSVC and several application programs The daemon is automatically started if necessary All VirtualBox applications will communicate with the daemon through Unix local domain sockets There can be multiple daemon in stances under different user accounts and applications can only communicate with the daemon running under
334. s fixed incorrect disk usage value non Windows hosts only Linux installer register the module sources at DKMS even if the package pro vides proper modules for the current running kernel 3D support removed invalid OpenGL assertion bug 5158 Network fixed the Am79C973 PCNet emulation for QNX and probably other guests bug 3206 VMDK fix handling of split image variants VHD do not delay updating the footer when expanding the image to prevent image inconsistency USB stability fix for some USB 2 0 devices GUI added a search index to the chm help file GUI Windows hosts fixed CapsLock handling on French keyboards bug 2025 Shared clipboard X11 hosts fixed a crash when clipboard initialisation failed bug 4987 12 3 Version 3 0 8 2009 10 02 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM fixed 64 bits guest on 32 bits host regression in 3 0 6 VT x only bug 4947 VMM fixed a recompiler triple fault guru meditation VI x amp AMD V only bug 5058 VMM fixed hang after guest state restore AMD V 32 bits Windows guest and IO APIC enabled only bug 5059 VMM fixed paging issue with OS 2 guests VMM fixed guru meditation in rare cases 2 0 regression software virtualization only 166 12 Change log VMM fixed release assertion during state restore when using the Sound Blaster 16 emulation bug 5042 Security fixed vulnerability that allowed to execute comma
335. s fixed mouse pointer integration of some Windows guests 2 2 0 regression bug 3734 Windows Additions fixed installation on Windows Server 2008 Core bug 2628 Main do not try to use older versions of D Bus Linux hosts only bug 3732 VMM fixed out of memory conditions on Windows hosts bug 3657 VMM fixed occasional hangs when attaching USB devices during VM startup 2 2 0 regression bugs 3787 VMM fixed guru meditation related to memory management software virtual ization only Virtual disks fix possible data corruption when writing to diff images incorrect detection of redundant writes GUI reworked network settings dialog GUI properly show the detailed settings dialog of NAT networks bug 3702 GUI HostKey could not be changed 2 2 0 regression bug 3689 GUI fixed memory textfield size Windows hosts only bug 3679 GUI fixed crash when selecting a shared folder path Windows hosts only bugs 3694 3751 3756 VBoxManage modifyhd compact implemented again for VDI files and now supports relative paths bug 2180 2833 VBoxManage snapshot discard made it work again 2 1 0 regression bug 3714 NAT on some Windows hosts the guest didn t receive a DHCP lease bug 3655 NAT fixed release assertion during pollQ bug 3667 179 12 Change log Networking fixed a deadlock caused by the PCnet network device emulation 2 2 0 regression bug 3676 Clipboard fixed random crashes X11
336. s Eric Young s and as such any Copyright notices in the code are not to be removed If this package is used in a product Eric Young should be given attribution as the author of the parts of the library used This can be in the form of a 257 14 Third party licenses textual message at program startup or in documentation online or textual provided with the package Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright notice this list of condi tions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement This product includes cryptographic software writ ten by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com The word cryptographic can be left out if the routines from the library being used are not cryptographic related 4 If you include any Windows specific code or a derivative thereof from the apps directory application code you must include an acknowledgement This product includes software written by Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS
337. s host the device name will be a COM port such as COM1 on a Linux host the device name will look like dev ttys0 This allows you to wire a real serial port to a virtual machine 114 8 VBoxManage reference audio none nullloss With this option you can set whether the VM should have audio support clipboard disabled hosttoguest guesttohost bidirectional With this setting you can select whether the guest operating system s clipboard should be shared with the host see chapter 3 3 General settings page 46 This requires that the Guest Additions be installed in the virtual machine vrdp on off With the VirtualBox graphical user interface this enables or disables the built in VRDP server Note that if you are using VBoxHeadless see chapter 7 4 2 VBoxHeadless the VRDP only server page 98 VRDP output is always enabled vrdpport default lt ports gt A port or a range of ports the VRDP server can bind to default or 0 means port 3389 the standard port for RDP You can specify a comma separated list of ports or ranges of ports Use a dash be tween two port numbers to specify a range The VRDP server will bind to one of available ports from the specified list Only one machine can use a given port at a time For example the option vrdpport 5000 5010 5012 will tell the server to bind to one of following ports 5000 5010 5011 or 5012 vrdpauthtype null external guest This allows you to choose whether a
338. s may have output on the console Especially in case of startup errors such output might be desirable for problem diagnosis Note that when you use VBoxHeadless to start a VM since the headless server has no other means of output the built in VRDP server will always be enabled regardless of whether you have enabled the VRDP server in the VM s settings If this is undesirable for example because you want to access the VM via ssh only start the VM like this VBoxHeadless startvm uuid name vrdp off Before VirtualBox 1 6 the headless server was called VBoxVRDP For the sake of backwards compatibility the VirtualBox installation still installs an executable with that name as well 98 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines To have the VRDP server use the setting from the VM configuration as the other front ends would use this VBoxHeadless startvm uuid name vrdp config 7 4 3 Step by step creating a virtual machine on a headless server The following instructions may give you an idea how to create a virtual machine on a headless server over a network connection We will create a virtual machine establish a VRDP connection and install a guest operating system all without having to touch the headless server All you need is the following 1 VirtualBox on a server machine with a supported host operating system for the following example we will assume a Linux server 2 an ISO file on the serv
339. s not work correctly on host systems with multiple monitors e Mac OS X host The following restrictions apply all of which will be resolved in future versions No support for audio input The numlock emulation has not yet been implemented The CPU frequency metric is not supported 3D OpenGL acceleration In general the OpenGL support for Linux guest is experimental This counts especially in combination with compiz enabled window managers Additional we are aware of the following issues OpenGL windows aren t updated in the Dock Icon real time preview There are several redraw problems with compiz enabled window man agers on Linux guests E g after save restore state or a resize of the guest window OpenGL host support is not yet available on 64 bit kernels Mac OS X 10 6 e Linux hosts There are a few problems when compiz is used as the host s win dow manager notably seamless mode does not work well garbled screen display if no windows are open in the guest OpenGL guest acceleration added with 2 1 is very slow If you experience these problems you way want to try using a different window manager such as metacity e Solaris hosts For OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 U5 U6 the following restrictions apply There is no support for USB on Solaris 10 hosts Experimental USB support for OpenSolaris Nevada hosts versions 124 and higher recommended 233 13 Known limitations
340. s of the form vboxclient x pid when they are running in order to prevent a given service from being started twice It can happen due to misconfiguration that these files are created owned by root and not deleted when the services are stopped which will prevent them from being started in future sessions If the services cannot be started you may wish to check whether these files still exist 11 4 Windows hosts 11 4 1 VBoxSVC out of process COM server issues VirtualBox makes use of the Microsoft Component Object Model COM for inter and intra process communication This allows VirtualBox to share a common configuration among different virtual machine processes and provide several user interface options based on a common architecture All global status information and configuration is maintained by the process VBoxSVC exe which is an out of process COM server Whenever a VirtualBox process is started it requests access to the COM server and Windows automatically starts the process Note that it should never be started by the end user When the last process disconnects from the COM server it will terminate itself after some seconds The VirtualBox configuration XML files is maintained and owned by the COM server and the files are locked whenever the server runs In some cases such as when a virtual machine is terminated unexpectedly the COM server will not notice that the client is disconnected and stay active for a longer period 10 mi
341. s some global VirtualBox settings such as mini mum and maximum guest RAM and virtual hard disk size folder settings and the current authentication library in use e hddbackends lists all known hdd backends of VirtualBox Beside the name of the backend itself descriptions about the capabilities configuration and other useful informations are displayed 8 2 VBoxManage showvminfo The showvminfo command shows information about a particular virtual machine This is the same information as VBoxManage list vms long would show for all virtual machines You will get information similar to the following VBoxManage showvminfo Windows XP VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3 1 0 C 2005 2009 Sun Microsystems Inc All rights reserved Name Windows XP Guest OS Other Unknown UUID 1bf3464d 57c6 4d49 92a9 a5cc3816b7e7 Config file home username VirtualBox Machines Windows XP Windows XP xml Memory size 512MB VRAM size 12MB Number of CPUs 2 Synthetic Cpu Oft Boot menu mode message and menu Boot Device 1 DVD Boot Device HardDisk 233 Boot Device 3 Not Assigned Boot Device 4 Not Assigned ACPI on IOAPIC on PAE on Time offset 0 ms Hardw virt ext on Hardw virt ext exclusive on Nested Paging on VT x VPID off State powered off since 2009 10 20T14 52 19 000000000 Monitor count 1 3D Acceleration off 2D Video Acceleration off Teleporter Enabled off Teleport
342. s x86 run In a 64 bit Linux guest use VBoxLinuxAdditions amd64 run instead The VirtualBox Guest Additions contain several different drivers If for any reason you do not wish to install them all you can specify the ones which you wish on the command line for example sh VBoxAdditions run x11 to install the X Window graphic drivers Type in the command sh VBoxAdditions run help for more information To recompile the guest kernel modules use this command etc init d vboxadd setup After compilation you should reboot your guest to ensure that the new modules are actually used 4 4 2 Video acceleration and high resolution graphics modes In Linux guests VirtualBox video acceleration is available through the X Window Sys tem Typically in today s Linux distributions this will be the X Org server During the installation process X will be set up to use the VirtualBox video driver On recent Linux guests that is guests running X Org server version 1 3 or later with the exception of Fedora 9 graphics modes can be selected by resizing the VirtualBox window using the mouse or sending video mode hints using the VBoxManage tool If you are only using recent Linux guests systems you can skip the rest of this section On older guest systems whatever graphics modes were set up before the installation will be used If these modes do not suit your requirements you can change your setup by editing the configuration file of the X serv
343. se this key combination is usually hard wired into the host OS both Windows and Linux intercept this and pressing this key combination will therefore reboot your host Also on systems running the X Window System the key combination Ctrl Alt Backspace normally resets the X server to restart the entire graphical user interface in case it got stuck As the X server intercepts this combination pressing it will usually restart your host graphical user interface and kill all running programs including VirtualBox in the process Third on systems supporting virtual terminals the key combination Ctrl Alt Fx where Fx is one of the function keys from F1 to F12 normally allows to switch between virtual terminals As with Ctrl Alt Delete these combinations are intercepted by the host operating system and therefore always switch terminals on the host If instead you want to send these key combinations to the guest operating sys tem in the virtual machine you will need to use one of the following methods Use the items in the Machine menu of the virtual machine window There you will find Insert Ctrl Alt Delete and Ctrl Alt Backspace the lat ter will only have an effect with Linux guests however Press special key combinations with the Host key normally the right Con trol key which VirtualBox will then translate for the virtual machine x Host key Del to send Ctrl Alt Del to reboot the guest Host
344. setextradata My VM VBoxInternal Devices ahci 0 Config Port0 ATAPIRevision revision The vendor id is a 8 byte alphanumeric string the product id an 16 byte alphanu meric string and the revision a 4 byte alphanumeric string Instead of PortO referring to the first port specify the desired SATA hard disk port 149 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces VirtualBox comes with comprehensive support for third party developers The so called Main API of VirtualBox exposes the entire feature set of the virtualization engine It is completely documented and available to anyone who wishes to control VirtualBox programmatically With VirtualBox all programming information documentation reference informa tion header and other interface files as well as samples have been split out to a separate Software Development Kit SDK which is available for download from http www virtualbox org In particular the SDK comes with a Program ming Guide and Reference in PDF format which contains among other things the information that was previously in this chapter of the User Manual 150 11 Troubleshooting This chapter provides answers to commonly asked questions In order to improve your user experience with VirtualBox it is recommended to read this section to learn more about common pitfalls and get recommendations on how to use the product 11 1 General 11 1 1 Collecting debugging information For problem determ
345. settings will be fine VirtualBox will have picked sensi ble defaults depending on the operating system that you selected when you created the virtual machine In certain situations however you may want to change these preconfigured defaults As a general introduction VirtualBox allows software in the virtual machine to run directly on the processor of the host but an array of complex techniques is employed to intercept operations that would interfere with your host Whenever the guest attempts to do something that could be harmful to your computer and its data VirtualBox steps in and takes action In particular for lots of hardware that the guest believes to be accessing VirtualBox simulates a certain virtual environment according to how you have configured a virtual machine For example if the guest attempts to access a hard disk VirtualBox redirects these requests to whatever you have configured to be the virtual machine s virtual hard disk normally an image file on your host There are two ways in which VirtualBox can achieve virtualization either entirely in software or with newer processors using certain hardware features e For some years Intel and AMD processors have had support for so called hard ware virtualization This means that these processors aid virtualization soft ware such as VirtualBox in intercepting potentially dangerous operations that a guest operating system may be attempting and in presenting virtual
346. significantly enhanced performance and reduced bandwidth usage through new acceleration architecture VBoxManage added support for capturing network traffic GUI added fullscreen mode GUI fixed several problems 12 34 Version 1 1 12 2006 11 14 Additions enabled more display modes for X org 7 x VMM stability improvements VMM resolved excessive performance degradation caused by Symantec An tivirus iSCSI fixed memory corruption issue VBoxSDL made hostkey configurable VRDP report error in case binding to the port fails VRDP added mouse wheel support NAT significant performance improvements Network stability fixes Network significant performance improvements ACPI improved host power status reporting PXE added support for Microsoft RIS ProxyDHCP PXE fixed several issues added diagnostic messages 221 12 Change log 12 35 Version 1 1 10 2006 07 28 IDE added workaround for Acronis TrueImage violates IDE specification IDE resolved issues with certain Linux guests ACPI further improved host power status reporting API fixed several race conditions and improved reliability API increased maximum guest RAM size to 2GB Linux host and 1 2GB Win dows host USB added option to set the OHCI timer rate VMM fixed several issues VRDP fixed infinite resize loop GUI changed the default host key to Right Control 12 36 Version 1 1 8 2006 07 17 IDE new ATA implementation with improved performan
347. sistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a conse quence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries ei ther by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limi tation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation
348. sources is called iSCSI initiator VirtualBox can transparently present iSCSI remote storage to a virtual machine as a virtual hard disk The guest operating system will not see any difference between a virtual disk image VDI file and an iSCSI target To achieve this VirtualBox has an integrated iSCSI initiator VirtualBox s iSCSI support has been developed according to the iSCSI standard and should work with all standard conforming iSCSI targets To use an iSCSI target with VirtualBox you must first register it as a virtual hard disk with VBoxManage see chapter 8 19 VBoxManage addiscsidisk page 125 The target will show up in the list of disk images as described in chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 and can thus be attached to one of the VM s three hard disk slots the usual way 5 7 1 Access iSCSI targets via Internal Networking As an experimental feature VirtualBox allows for accessing an iSCSI target running in a virtual machine which is configured for using Internal Networking mode as de scribed in chapter 6 5 Internal networking page 90 The setup of the virtual machine which uses such an iSCSI target is done as described above The only difference is that the IP address of the target must be specified as a numeric IP address The IP stack accessing Internal Networking must be configured in the virtual ma chine which accesses the iSCSI target A free static IP and a MAC address not used by other virtual mach
349. specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WAR RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT IN DIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SER VICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOW EVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 14 2 10 libpng license The PNG Reference Library is supplied AS IS The Contributing Authors and Group 42 Inc disclaim all warranties expressed or implied including without limitation the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose The Contributing Authors and Group 42 Inc assume no liability for direct indirect incidental spe cial exemplary or consequential damages which may result from the use of the PNG Reference Library even if advised of the possibility of such damage Permission is hereby granted to use copy modify and distribute this source code or portions hereof for any purpose without fee subject to the following restrictions 1 The origin of this source
350. ssary The rdp bit is required with krdc to switch it into RDP mode 7 4 2 VBoxHeadless the VRDP only server While the VRDP server that is built into the VirtualBox GUI is perfectly capable of running virtual machines remotely it is not convenient to have to run VirtualBox if you never want to have VMs displayed locally in the first place In particular if you are running servers whose only purpose is to host VMs and all your VMs are supposed to run remotely over VRDP then it is pointless to have a graphical user interface on the server at all especially since on a Linux or Solaris host VirtualBox comes with dependencies on the Qt and SDL libraries which is inconvenient if you would rather not have the X Window system on your server at all VirtualBox therefore comes with yet another front end called vBoxHeadless which produces no visible output on the host at all but instead only delivers VRDP data To start a virtual machine with VBoxHeadless you have two options e You can use VBoxManage startvm lt vmname gt type vrdp The extra type option causes the VirtualBox core to use VBoxHeadless as the front end to the internal virtualization engine e The recommended way however is to use VBoxHeadless directly as follows VBoxHeadless startvm uuid name This is the recommended way because when starting the headless interface through vBoxManage you will not be able to view or log messages that VBoxHeadles
351. ssible to change the size of the virtual hard disk later VirtualBox supports two variants of disk image files e Normally VirtualBox uses its own container format for guest hard disks Virtual Disk Image VDI files In particular this format will be used when you create a new virtual machine with a new disk e VirtualBox also fully supports the popular and open VMDK container format that is used by many other virtualization products in particular by VMware Initial support for VMDK was added with VirtualBox 1 4 since version 2 1 VirtualBox supports VMDK fully meaning that you can create snapshots and use all the other advanced features described above for VDI images with VMDK also 78 5 Virtual storage e Finally VirtualBox also fully supports the VHD format used by Microsoft Irrespective of the disk format as briefly mentioned in chapter 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine page 17 there are two options of how to create a disk image fixed size or dynamically expanding e If you create a fixed size image of e g 10 GB an image file of roughly the same size will be created on your host system Note that the creation of a fixed size image can take a long time depending on the size of the image and the write performance of your hard disk e For more flexible storage management use a dynamically expanding image This will initially be very small and not occupy any space for unused virtual disk sectors but the i
352. ssion for Windows guests bug 3172 VMM ignore CPU stepping when restoring a saved state snapshot REM fixed inability to use gdb to debug programs in Linux guests with software virtualization bug 3245 GUI fixed dead key handling on Solaris hosts bug 3256 GUI in the shutdown dialog disable the action send the shutdown signal if the guest is currently not using ACPI GUI suppress additional key release events sent by X11 hosts when keys are auto repeated bug 1296 API restore case insensitive OS type name lookup bug 3087 VBoxHeadless really don t start X11 services clipboard service 3D acceleration Solaris amp Darwin hosts only bug 3199 NAT fixed occasional crashes when the guest is doing traceroute non Windows hosts bug 3200 NAT fixed crashes under high load bug 3110 NAT fixed truncated downloads Windows hosts only bug 3257 NAT don t intercept TFTP packages with a destination address different from the builtin TFTP server bug 3112 USB several fixes for USB passthrough on Linux hosts 184 12 Change log USB reduced host CPU utilization if EHCI is active VRDP fixed VRDP server black screen after a client reconnect bug 1989 VRDP modified rdesktop client rdesktop vrdp now uses NumLock state syn chronization bug 3253 LsiLogic make FreeBSD guests work bug 3174 ATA fixed deadlock when pausing VM due to problems with the virtual disk e g disk full iSCSI
353. st code to run unmodified directly on the host computer and the guest operating system thinks it s running on a real machine In the back ground however VirtualBox controls and manipulates the code that runs in the virtual machine to make sure that it does not interfere with other programs on the host 1 1 1 Use cases The techniques and features that VirtualBox provides are useful for several scenarios e Operating system support With VirtualBox one can run software written for one operating system on another for example Windows software on Linux without having to reboot to use it You can even install an old operating system such as DOS or OS 2 in a virtual machine if your real computer s hardware is too advanced to be supported e Infrastructure consolidation Virtualization can significantly reduce hardware and electricity costs The full performance provided by today s powerful hard ware is only rarely really needed and typical servers have an average load of only a fraction of their theoretical power So instead of running many such physical computers that are only partially used one can pack many virtual ma chines onto a few powerful hosts and balance the loads between them With VirtualBox you can even run virtual machines as mere servers for the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol VRDP with full client USB support This allows for consolidating the desktop machines in an enterprise on just a few RDP servers wh
354. st probably if you are using VirtualBox for the first time you will want to create a new disk image Hence press the New button This brings up another window the Create New Virtual Disk Wizard VirtualBox supports two types of image files e A dynamically expanding file will only grow in size when the guest actu ally stores data on its virtual hard disk It will therefore initially be small on the host hard drive and only later grow to the size specified as it is filled with data e A fixed size file will immediately occupy the file specified even if only a fraction of the virtual hard disk space is actually in use While occupying 19 1 First steps much more space a fixed size file incurs less overhead and is therefore slightly faster than a dynamically expanding file For details about the differences please refer to chapter 5 2 Disk image files VDI VMDK VHD page 78 To prevent your physical hard disk from running full VirtualBox limits the size of the image file Still it needs to be large enough to hold the contents of your operating system and the applications you want to install for a modern Windows or Linux guest you will probably need several gigabytes for any serious use ym Create NeW Virtual Disk Virtual Disk Location and Size Press the Select button to select the location and name of the file to store the virtual hard disk image or type a file name in the entry field Ima
355. stallation popups depending on the Windows guest version For more options regarding unattended guest installations consult the command line help by using the command VBoxWindowsAdditions exe 4 3 4 Manual file extraction If you would like to install the files and drivers manually you can extract the files from the Windows Guest Additions setup by typing VBoxWindowsAdditions exe extract To explicitly extract the Windows Guest Additions for another platform than the current running one e g 64 bit files on a 32 bit system you have to ex ecute the appropriate platform installer VBoxWindowsAdditions x86 exe or VBoxWindowsAdditions amd64 exe with the extract parameter 4 3 5 Windows Vista networking Earlier versions of VirtualBox provided a virtual AMD PCNet Ethernet card to guests by default Since Microsoft no longer ships a driver for that card with Windows starting with Windows Vista if you select Windows Vista or newer as the guest operating system for a virtual machine VirtualBox will instead present a virtual Intel network controller to the guest see chapter 6 1 Virtual networking hardware page 85 However if for any reason you have a 32 bit Windows Vista VM that is configured to use an AMD PCNet card you will have no networking in the guest initially As a convenience VirtualBox ships with a 32 bit driver for the AMD PCNet card which comes with the Windows Guest Additions If you install these in a
356. t Safe mode then install the Guest Additions Otherwise Windows file protection mechanism will interfere with the replacement DLLs installed by VirtualBox and keep restoring the original Windows system DLLs Shrinking virtual disk images is limited to VDI files The VBoxManage modifyhd compact command is currently only implemented for VDI files At the moment the only way to optimize the size of a virtual disk images in other formats VMDK VHD is to clone the image and then use the cloned image in the VM configuration OVF import export Some virtual machine properties supported by VirtualBox s own XML file format are not exported As a result when exporting and then re importing a virtual machine with VirtualBox the settings need not be identical This is especially true for the I O APIC setting 3D acceleration hardware virtu alization nested paging and other VM properties 232 13 Known limitations OVF localization multiple languages in one OVF file is not yet supported Some OVF sections like StartupSection DeploymentOptionSection and In stallSection are ignored OVF environment documents including their property sections and appli ance configuration with ISO images are not yet supported OVA archives TAR containers are not yet supported Remote files via HTTP or other mechanisms are not yet supported e Vista 64 bit hosts have stability issues when using USB e Seamless mode doe
357. t VirtualBox may ship with a modified copy of rdesktop which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 1 GNU General Public License GPL page 237 and Copyright C Matthew Chapman and others VirtualBox may ship with a copy of kchmviewer which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 1 GNU General Public License GPL page 237 and Copyright C George Yunaev and others VirtualBox may contain Etherboot which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 1 GNU General Public License GPL page 237 with the exception that ag gregating Etherboot with another work does not require the other work to be re leased under the same license see http etherboot sourceforge net clinks html Etherboot is Copyright C Etherboot team VirtualBox may contain code from Wine which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 2 GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL page 242 and Copyright 1993 Bob Amstadt Copyright 1996 Albrecht Kleine Copyright 1997 David Faure Copyright 1998 Morten Welinder Copyright 1998 Ulrich Weigand Copyright 1999 Ove Koven VirtualBox contains code from lwIP which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 11 IwIP license page 260 and Copyright C 2001 2002 Swedish Institute of Computer Science VirtualBox contains libxml which is governed by the license in chapter 14 2 12 libxml license page 260 and Copyright C 1998 2003 Daniel Veillard VirtualBox contains libxslt which is governed by the license in ch
358. t PIIX4 improves compatibility with Windows guests created by VMware VMM fixed a bug which could lead to memory corruption under rare circum stances VMM improved performance of Solaris guests VRDP fixed a 1 5 4 regression VRDP client and server were out of sync if the VM was started using the GUI VRDP proper error handling if the VRDP library could not be loaded VRDP fixed compilation of the Linux rdesktop client on newer Linux kernels 204 12 Change log VRDP install rdesktop vrdp on Linux hosts VBoxManage fixed crash during clonevdi VBoxManage added list runningvms command VBoxManage improved the compatibility when reading the partition table of a raw disk Shared Folders added support for read only shared folders Shared Clipboard several fixes Network don t crash if the device is activated but not attached Network experimental support for Intel Gigabit Ethernet E1000 device emu lation iSCSI better check for misconfigured targets iSCSI allow to directly attach to internal networks with integrated mini IP stack PulseAudio don t hang during VM initialization if no sound server is available VDI fixed sized virtual disk images are now completely written during creation to workaround buggy sparse file handling on some OS e g Vista VDI VMDK prevent indexing of vdi and vmdk files on Windows hosts ACPI added sleep button event Serial proper handling of inaccessible host devices Windows install
359. t additions be installed and will not work for all guest systems The setcredentials operation is used for remote logons in Windows guests For details please refer to chapter 9 2 Automated Windows guest logons page 133 8 10 VBoxManage discardstate This command discards the saved state of a virtual machine which is not currently running which will cause its operating system to restart next time you start it This is the equivalent of pulling out the power cable on a physical machine and should be avoided if possible 8 11 VBoxManage snapshot This command is used to control snapshots from the command line A snapshot con sists of a complete copy of the virtual machine settings copied at the time when the snapshot was taken and optionally a virtual machine saved state file if the snapshot was taken while the machine was running After a snapshot has been taken VirtualBox creates differencing hard disk for each normal hard disk associated with the machine so that when a snapshot is restored the contents of the virtual machine s virtual hard disks can be quickly reset by simply dropping the pre existing differencing files 119 8 VBoxManage reference The take operation takes a snapshot of the current state of the virtual machine You must supply a name for the snapshot and can optionally supply a description The new snapshot is inserted into the snapshots tree as a child of the current snapshot and then becomes the new current sn
360. t can take up to 200 seconds to detect this situation The VM will fail to power up 84 6 Virtual networking As briefly mentioned in chapter 3 9 Network settings page 54 VirtualBox provides up to eight virtual PCI Ethernet cards for each virtual machine For each such card you can individually select 1 the hardware that will be virtualized as well as 2 the virtualization mode that the virtual card will be operating in with respect to your physical networking hardware on the host Four of the network cards can be configured in the Network section of the settings dialog in the graphical user interface of VirtualBox You can configure all eight network cards on the command line via VBoxManage modifyvm see chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 This chapter explains the various networking settings in more detail 6 1 Virtual networking hardware For each card you can individually select what kind of hardware will be presented to the virtual machine VirtualBox can virtualize the following five types of networking hardware e AMD PCNet PCI II e AMD PCNet FAST III the default e Intel PRO 1000 MT Desktop e Intel PRO 1000 T Server e Intel PRO 1000 MT Server The PCNet FAST III is the default because it is supported by nearly all operating systems out of the box as well as the GNU GRUB boot manager As an exception the Intel PRO 1000 family adapters are chosen for some guest operating system types that no lon
361. t d vboxdrv setup This will start a second attempt to build the module If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built the installation script will attempt to load that module If this fails please see chapter 11 5 1 Linux kernel module refuses to load page 158 for further information Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured you can start it by selecting VirtualBox in your start menu or from the command line see chapter 2 3 5 Starting VirtualBox on Linux page 41 2 3 4 2 Using the alternative installer VirtualBox run The alternative installer performs the following steps e It unpacks the application files to a target directory of choice By default opt VirtualBox will be used e It builds the VirtualBox kernel module vboxdrv and installs it e It creates etc init d vboxdrv an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module e It creates a new system group called vboxusers e It creates symbolic links to VirtualBox VBoxSDL VBoxVRDP VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage in usr bin e It creates etc udev 60 vboxdrv rules a description file for udev if that is present which makes the module accessible to anyone in the group vboxusers e It writes the installation directory to etc vbox vbox cfg The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter If you do not want the installer to ask you whether you w
362. t is even possible to create a kind of alternate reality and to switch between these different histories of the virtual machine Note Restoring a snapshot will affect the virtual hard drives that are con nected to your VM as the entire state of the virtual hard drive will be reverted as well This means also that all files that have been created since the snap shot and all other file changes will be lost In order to prevent such data loss while still making use of the snapshot feature it is possible to add a second hard drive in write through mode using the VBoxManage interface and use it to store your data As write through hard drives are not included in snap shots they remain unaltered when a machine is reverted See chapter 5 3 Configuring image write operations page 79 for details 3 You can also delete a snapshot which will not affect the state of the virtual machine but only release the files on disk that VirtualBox used to store the snapshot data thus freeing disk space Think of a snapshot as a point in time that you have preserved More formally a snapshot consists of three things e It contains a complete copy of the VM settings so that when you restore a snap shot the VM settings are restored as well For example if you changed the hard disk configuration that change is undone when you restore the snapshot e The state of all the virtual disks attached to the machine is preserved Going back to a s
363. t name gt add lt ide sata scsi floppy gt controller lt LsiLogic BusLogic IntelAhci PIIX3 PIIX4 ICH6 182078 gt sataideemulation 1 4 lt 1 30 gt sataportcount lt 1 30 gt remove 105 VBoxManage showhdinfo VBoxManage createhd VBoxManage modifyhd VBoxManage clonehd VBoxManage convertfromraw VBoxManage convertfromraw VBoxManage addiscsidisk VBoxManage getextradata VBoxManage setextradata VBoxManage setproperty VBoxManage usbfilter 8 VBoxManage reference lt uuid gt lt filename gt filename filename size lt megabytes gt format VDI VMDK VHD default VDI variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX type normal writethrough default normal comment lt comment gt remember lt uuid gt lt filename gt type normal writethrough immutable autoreset on off compact lt uuid gt lt filename gt lt outputfile gt format VDI VMDK VHD RAW lt other gt variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX type normal writethrough immutable remember existing filename outputfile format VDI VMDK VHD variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX stdin lt outputfile gt lt bytes gt format VDI VMDK VHD variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX server lt name gt lt ip gt target target port lt port gt lun lt lun gt encodedlun lt lun gt username lt
364. tab hardware vs software virtualization page 49 accelerate3d on off This enables if the Guest Additions are installed whether hardware 3D acceleration should be available see chapter 4 9 Hard ware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 page 72 You can influence the BIOS logo that is displayed when a virtual machine starts up with a number of settings Per default a VirtualBox logo is displayed With bioslogofadein on off and bioslogofadeout on off you can determine whether the logo should fade in and out respectively With bioslogodisplaytime lt msec gt you can set how long the logo should be visible in milliseconds With bioslogoimagepath lt imagepath gt you can if you are so inclined replace the image that is shown with your own logo The image must be an uncompressed 256 color BMP file biosbootmenu disabled menuonly messageandmenu This specifies whether the BIOS allows the user to select a temporary boot device menuonly suppresses the message but the user can still press F12 to select a temporary boot device 112 8 VBoxManage reference boot 1 4 none floppy dvd disk net This specifies the boot order for the virtual machine There are four slots which the VM will try to access from 1 to 4 and for each of which you can set a device that the VM should attempt to boot from snapshotfolder default lt path gt This allows you to specify the folder in which snapshots will be
365. tain PAE guests e g Linux 2 6 29 kernels VMM some Windows guests detected a completely wrong CPU frequency bug 2227 174 12 Change log VMM fixed hanging and unkillable VM processes bug 4040 VMM fixed random infrequent guest crashes due XMM state corruption Win64 hosts only VMM performance improvements for network I O VI x AMD V only GUI added mini toolbar for fullscreen and seamless mode Thanks to Huihong Luo GUI redesigned settings dialogs GUI allow to create remove more than one host only network adapters non Windows hosts GUI display estimated time for long running operations e g OVF im port export GUI fixed rare hangs when open the OVF import export wizards bug 4157 3D support fixed VM crashes for client applications using incorrect OpenGL states 3D support fixed memory corruption when querying for supported texture com pression formats 3D support fixed incorrect rendering of glDrawRangeElements 3D support fixed memory leak when using VBOs 3D support fixed glew library detection 3D support fixed random textures corruption VRDP support Windows 7 RDP client Networking fixed another problem with TX checksum offloading with Linux kernels up to version 2 6 18 NAT fixed open ports on virtual router 10 0 2 2 513 514 forum NAT allow to configure socket and internal parameters NAT allow to bind sockets to specific interface PXE boot significant performa
366. talled at any time by choosing the program entry in the Add Remove Programs applet in the Windows Control Panel 2 1 4 Unattended installation Unattended installations can be performed using the standard MSI support 2 2 Installing on Mac OS X hosts 2 2 1 Performing the installation For Mac OS X hosts VirtualBox ships in a disk image dmg file Perform the following steps 1 Double click on that file to have its contents mounted 2 A window will open telling you to double click on the VirtualBox mpkg in staller file displayed in that window 3 This will start the installer which will allow you to select where to install VirtualBox to After installation you can find a VirtualBox icon in the Applications folder in the Finder 33 2 Installation details 2 2 2 Uninstallation To uninstall VirtualBox open the disk image dmg file again and double click on the uninstall icon contained therein 2 2 3 Unattended installation To perform a non interactive installation of VirtualBox you can use the command line version of the installer application Mount the disk image dmg file as described in the normal installation Then open a terminal session and execute sudo installer pkg Volumes VirtualBox VirtualBox mpkg target Volumes Macintosh HD 2 3 Installing on Linux hosts 2 3 1 Prerequisites For the various versions of Linux that we support as host operating systems please refer to chapter 1 3 S
367. te the Original Code or portions thereof with or without Modifications and or as part of a Larger Work and b under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by Initial Developer to make have made use and sell offer to sell and import the Original Code Modifi cations or portions thereof but solely to the extent that any such patent is reasonably necessary to enable You to utilize alone or in combination with other software the Original Code Modifications or any combination or portions thereof c d 2 2 Contributor Grant Subject to third party intellectual property claims each Contributor hereby grants You a world wide royalty free non exclusive license a under intellectual property rights other than patent or trademark Licensable by Contributor to use reproduce modify display perform sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such Contributor or portions thereof either on an un modified basis with other Modifications as Covered Code and or as part of a Larger Work and b under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by Contributor to make have made use and sell offer to sell and import the Contributor Version or por tions thereof but solely to the extent that any such patent is reasonably necessary to enable You to utilize alone or in combination with other software the Contributor Version or portions thereof 263 14 Third party licenses c d 3 DI
368. tead of a virtual machine name You must specify a key as a text string to associate the data with which you can later use to retrieve it For example VBoxManage setextradata Fedora5 installdate 2006 01 01 VBoxManage setextradata SUSE10 installdate 2006 02 02 would associate the string 2006 01 01 with the key installdate for the virtual ma chine Fedora5 and 2006 02 02 on the machine SUSE10 You could retrieve the information as follows VBoxManage getextradata Fedora5 installdate which would return VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3 1 0 C 2005 2008 Sun Microsystems Inc All rights reserved Value 2006 01 01 126 8 VBoxManage reference 8 21 VBoxManage setproperty This command is used to change global settings which affect the entire VirtualBox installation Some of these correspond to the settings in the Global settings dialog in the graphical user interface The following properties are available hdfolder This specifies the default folder that is used to keep disk image files vdi vmdk vhd machinefolder This specifies the default folder in which virtual machine definitions are kept see chapter 9 1 VirtualBox configuration data page 132 for details vrdpauthlibrary This specifies which library to use when external VRDP authenti cation has been selected for a particular virtual machine see chapter 7 4 5 RDP authentication page 101 for details websrvauthlibr
369. tection fix Network improved MAC address handling Network added PXE release logging IDE large reads from CD could exceed the I O buffer size Audio load ALSA dynamically on Linux ie do not fail when ALSA is not present VRDP support additional RDP clients SunRay WinConnect Mac OS X VRDP fixed issues when client color depth is higher than server color depth VRDP make PAM authentication service name configurable VRDP increased stack size to deal with stack consuming PAM library calls Additions various fixes and enhancements to clipboard handling 209 mouse drivers Windows Additions Windows Additions Windows Additions Windows Additions Windows Additions 12 Change log fixed issues with Additions on NT 4 guests added support for 8 bit video modes allow specifying custom resolutions for secondary screens several fixes and improvements for DirectDraw improved the mouse filter driver compatibility with other Linux Additions several fixes and enhancements to Shared Folders Linux Additions added support for X org Server 1 4 Shared Folders fixed MS Powerpoint access issues Linux host API fixed RPC E CHANGED MODE startup error on Windows hosts API fixed SMP race condition on Linux hosts API fixed stability issues on Windows hosts in low memory conditions 12 26 Version 1 5 0 2007 08 31 As major new features Version 1 5 adds e Seamless windows see chapter 4 8 Seamless windows page 71
370. tellectual Property Matters a Third Party Claims If Contributor has knowledge that a license under a third party s intellectual property rights is required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections 2 1 or 2 2 Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code distribution titled LEGAL which describes the claim and the party mak ing the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will know whom to contact If Contrib utor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available as described in Section 3 2 Contributor shall promptly modify the LEGAL file in all copies Contribu tor makes available thereafter and shall take other steps such as notifying appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups reasonably calculated to inform those who received the Covered Code that new knowledge has been obtained b Contributor APIs If Contributor s Modifications include an application program ming interface and Contributor has knowledge of patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement that API Contributor must also include this information in the LEGAL file c Representations Contributor represents that except as disclosed pursuant to Section 3 4 a above Contributor believes that Contributor s Modifications are Con tributor s original creation s and or Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conveyed by this License 3 5 Required Notices You must duplicate the notice in Exhib
371. tem user VirtualBox stores configuration data in the user s home directory as per the conventions of the host operating system e On Windows this is SHOMEDRIVE HOMEPATH VirtualBox typically something like C Documents and Settings Username VirtualBox e On Mac OS X this is SHOME Library VirtualBox e On Unix like systems Linux Solaris this is SHOME VirtualBox VirtualBox creates this configuration directory automatically if necessary Op tionally you can supply an alternate configuration directory by setting the VBOX_USER_HOME environment variable VirtualBox stores all its global and machine specific configuration data in XML doc uments We intentionally do not document the specifications of these files as we must reserve the right to modify them in the future We therefore strongly suggest that you do not edit these files manually VirtualBox provides complete access to its configura tion data through its the VBoxManage command line tool see chapter 8 VBoxManage reference page 103 and its API see chapter 10 VirtualBox programming interfaces page 150 In the configuration directory VirtualBox xml is the main configuration file This includes global configuration options and the media and virtual machine reg istry The media registry links to all CD DVD floppy and disk images that have been added to the Virtual Disk Manager For each registered VM there is one entry which points to the VM confi
372. ter and specify the filter criteria The more criteria you specify the more precisely devices will be selected For instance if you specify only a vendor ID of 046d all devices produced by Logitech will be available to the guest If you fill in all fields on the other hand the filter will only apply to a particular device model from a particular vendor and not even to other devices of the same type with a different revision and serial number In detail the following criteria are available 1 Vendor and product ID With USB each vendor of USB products carries an identification number that is unique world wide the vendor ID Similarly each line of products is assigned a product ID number Both numbers are commonly written in hexadecimal that is they are composed of the numbers 0 9 and the letters A F and a colon separates the vendor from the product ID For example 046d c016 stands for Logitech as a vendor and the M UV69a Optical Wheel Mouse product Alternatively you can also specify Manufacturer and Product by name To list all the USB devices that are connected to your host machine with their respective vendor and product IDs you can use the following command see chapter 8 VBoxManage reference page 103 VBoxManage list usbhost On Windows you can also see all USB devices that are attached to your system in the Device Manager On Linux you can use the 1susb command 2 Serial number Whil
373. term modification Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making mod ifications to it For a library complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running a program using the Library is not restricted and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library s complete source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropri ately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Library and copy
374. ternal unique identifier that VirtualBox uses to refer to the virtual machine Assuming that the aforementioned VM called Windows XP has the UUID shown below the following command has the same effect as the previous VBoxManage startvm 670e746d abea 4ba6 ad02 2a3b043810a5 You can type VBoxManage list vms to have all currently registered VMs listed with all their settings including their respective names and UUIDs Some typical examples of how to control VirtualBox from the command line are listed below e To create a new virtual machine from the command line and immediately reg ister it with VirtualBox use VBoxManage createvm with the register option like this TFor details see chapter 8 4 VBoxManage createvm page 110 94 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines VBoxManage createvm name SUSE 10 2 register VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3 1 0 C 2005 2008 Sun Microsystems Inc All rights reserved Virtual machine SUSE 10 2 is created UUID c89fc351 8ec6 4f02 a048 57f4d25288e5 Settings file home username VirtualBox Machines SUSE 10 2 SUSE 10 2 xml As can be seen from the above output a new virtual machine has been created with a new UUID and a new XML settings file e To show the configuration of a particular VM use VBoxManage showvminfo see chapter 8 2 VBoxManage showvminfo page 109 for details and an example e To change VM settings use VBoxManage modif
375. th 48 C F R 12 212 and 48 C F R 227 7202 1 through 227 7202 4 June 1995 all U S Government End Users acquire Covered Code with only those rights set forth herein 11 MISCELLANEOUS This License represents the complete agreement concerning subject matter hereof If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable This License shall be governed by California law provisions except to the extent applicable law if any provides otherwise excluding its conflict of law provisions With respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of or an entity chartered or reg istered to do business in the United States of America any litigation relating to this License shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern Dis trict of California with venue lying in Santa Clara County California with the losing party responsible for costs including without limitation court costs and reasonable attorneys fees and expenses The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded Any law or reg ulation which provides that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter shall not apply to this License 12 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS As between Initial Developer and the Contribu tors each party is responsible for claims and damages arising direct
376. th support for named pipes local domain sockets on the host Audio fixed problem with ALSA on Linux before 2 6 18 blocking other ALSA clients on the system Audio fixed problem with ALSA on AMD64 hosts Input fixed PS 2 mouse detection in Win 3 x guests Shared Folders fixed VM save restore behaviour Shared Folders functionality and stability fixes Shared Folders allow non admin users to map folders Additions added clipboard synchronization Windows Additions fixed dynamic resolution changes after save restore Windows Additions added AMD PCNet driver for Windows Vista guests with kind permission from AMD Linux Additions fixed a dependency problem which caused the vboxadd kernel module sometimes start after the X server Linux Additions make VBox version visible in Linux modules with modinfo Linux Additions make X11 guest video driver accept arbitrary X resolutions Linux Additions make X11 setup work if tmp uses a separate file system Linux Additions better support unknown distributions 215 12 Change log Linux Installer force a non executable stack for all binaries and shared libraries Linux Installer make it work on SELinux enabled systems Linux Installer ship VBoxTunctl 12 28 Version 1 3 8 2007 03 14 Windows installer fixed installation problem if UAC is active Linux installer added RPM for rhel4 and Mandriva 2007 1 Linux installer remove any old vboxdrv modules in lib modules misc Linux inst
377. that program using a modified version of the Library 243 14 Third party licenses The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow Pay close attention to the difference between a work based on the library and a work that uses the library The former contains code derived from the library whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPY ING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License also called this License Each licensee is addressed as you A library means a collection of software functions and or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs which use some of those functions and data to form executables The Library below refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms A work based on the Library means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Library or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated straightforwardly into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the
378. the cause of the problems In general make sure that the correct Linux kernel sources are used for the build process Note that the user who is going to run VirtualBox needs read and write permission on the VirtualBox kernel module device node dev vboxdrv You can either define a vboxusers group by entering groupadd vboxusers chgrp vboxusers dev vboxdrv chmod 660 dev vboxdrv or alternatively simply give all users access insecure not recommended chmod 666 dev vboxdrv You should also add any users who will be allowed to use host USB devices in VirtualBox guests to the appropriate USB users group for your distribution This group is often called usb or usbusers Next you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module cp opt VirtualBox vboxdrv sh etc init d vboxdrv assuming you installed VirtualBox to the opt VirtualBox directory and activate the initialization script using the right method for your distribution You should create VirtualBox s configuration file mkdir etc vbox echo INSTALL DIR opt VirtualBox etc vbox vbox cfg and for convenience create the following symbolic links ln sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VirtualBox ln sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VBoxSVC ln sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VBoxManage ln sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VBoxHeadless ln sf opt VirtualBox VBox sh usr bin VBoxSDL 2 3 4 4 Updating and uninstalling VirtualBox
379. the default installation of Windows Vista and 7 Sysprep already is included Sysprep mainly consists of the executable called sysprep exe Starting with VirtualBox 3 0 10 the Guest Additions offer a way to launch a system preparation on the guest operating system triggered from the host side To achieve that several guest properties are available which can be used in order to start or wait for the system preparation VBoxService exe which runs in the guest if the Guest Additions are installed takes care of the host guest communication as well as launching sysprep exe with system privileges Note Specifying the location of sysprep exe is not possible instead the following paths are used based on the operating system e C sysprep sysprep exe for Windows NT 4 0 2000 and XP e SWINDIR NSystem32NSysprepNsysprep exe for Windows Vista 2008 Server and 7 The following guest properties are used for automated system preparation e VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepArgs specifies the arguments you want to hand over to sysprep exe This property also is used to determine whether the whole system preparation should be executed by VBoxService exe Only can be written from the host side due to security reasons e VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepRet holds the exit code of sysprep exe after its run e VirtualBox HostGuest SysprepRC holds the return code of the whole system preparation process done by VBoxService exe The sysprep
380. the library The executable is therefore covered by this License Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables When a work that uses the Library uses material from a header file that is part of the Library the object code for the work may be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked without the Library or if the work is itself a library The threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law If such an object file uses only numerical parameters data structure layouts and accessors and small macros and small inline functions ten lines or less in length then the use of the object file is unrestricted regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6 Otherwise if the work is a derivative of the Library you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself 6 As an exception to the Sections above you may also combine or link a work that uses the Library with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library and distribute that work under terms of your choice provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer s
381. the sdelete tool for Windows guests Execute sdelete c in the guest to zero the free disk space before compressing the virtual disk image Com paction works both for base images and for diff images created as part of a snapshot 8 17 VBoxManage clonehd This command duplicates a registered virtual hard disk image to a new image file with a new unique identifier UUID The new image can be transferred to another host system or imported into VirtualBox again using the Virtual Disk Manager see chapter 5 5 The Virtual Disk Manager page 81 and chapter 5 6 Cloning disk images page 82 The syntax is as follows VBoxManage clonehd lt uuid gt lt filename gt lt outputfile gt format VDI VMDK VHD RAW lt other gt variant Standard Fixed Split2G Stream ESX type normal writethrough immutable remember where the parameters mean format Allow to choose a file format for the output file different from the file format of the input file variant Allow to choose a file format variant for the output file It is a comma separated list of variant flags Not all combinations are supported and specifying inconsistent flags will result in an error message type Only honored if remember is also specified Defines what kind of hard disk type this image should be remember Keep the destination image registered after it was successfully written Note For compatibility with earlier versions of VirtualBox the clonevdi
382. the user account as the application The local domain socket resides in a subdirectory of your system s directory for temporary files called vbox username ipc In case of communication problems or server startup problems you may try to remove this directory All VirtualBox applications VirtualBox VBoxSDL VBoxManage and VBoxHeadless require the VirtualBox directory to be in the library path LD LIBRARY PATH VBoxManage showvminfo Windows XP 2 4 Installing on Solaris hosts For the various versions of Solaris that we support as host operating systems please refer to chapter 1 3 Supported host operating systems page 14 If you have a previously installed instance of VirtualBox on your Solaris host please uninstall it first before installing a new instance Refer to chapter 2 4 3 Uninstallation page 42 for uninstall instructions 2 4 1 Performing the installation VirtualBox is available as a standard Solaris package Download the VirtualBox SunOS package which includes both the 32 bit and 64 bit versions of VirtualBox The installa tion must be performed as root and from the global zone as the VirtualBox installer loads kernel drivers which cannot be done from non global zones To verify which zone you are currently in execute the zonename command Execute the following commands gunzip cd VirtualBox 3 1 0 BETAl SunOS tar gz tar xvf Starting with VirtualBox 3 1 the VirtualBox kernel package is no longer a separate pa
383. the usual consistency checks when a VM is powered up in particular it aborts with an error message if the device for the CD DVD writer is not writable by the user starting the VM but it can not detect all misconfigurations The necessary host and guest OS configuration is not specific for VirtualBox but a few frequent problems are listed here which occurred in connection with VirtualBox Special care must be taken to use the correct device The configured host CD DVD device file name in most cases dev cdrom must point to the device that allows writing to the CD DVD unit For CD DVD writer units connected to a SCSI controller or to a IDE controller that interfaces to the Linux SCSI subsystem common for some SATA controllers this must refer to the SCSI device node e g dev scd0 Even for IDE CD DVD writer units this must refer to the appropriate SCSI CD ROM device node e g dev scdO if the ide scsi kernel module is loaded This module is required for CD DVD writer support with all Linux 2 4 kernels and some early 2 6 kernels Many Linux distributions load this module whenever a CD DVD writer is detected in the system even if the kernel would support CD DVD writers without the module VirtualBox supports the use of IDE device files e g dev hdc provided the kernel supports this and the ide scsi module is not loaded Similar rules except that within the guest the CD DVD writer is always an IDE device apply to the guest configuration S
384. tion VBoxManage added support for image conversion VDI VMDK VHD RAW Solaris hosts added IPv6 support between host and guest when using host in terface networking Mac OS X hosts added ACPI host power status reporting API redesigned storage model with better generalization API allow attaching a hard disk to more than one VM at a time API added methods to return network configuration information of the host system Shared Folders performance and stability fixes for Windows guests Microsoft Office Applications 12 14 Version 2 0 8 2009 03 10 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added VMM fixed guest hangs when restoring VI x or AMD V saved states snapshots VMM fixed memory allocation issues which can cause VM start failures with VERR PGM MAPPING CONFLICT error VMM fixed host crashes hangs on certain 32 bits Windows systems when run ning Linux guests bugs 1606 2269 2763 XPCOM Main fixed synchronization bug caused by SYSV semaphore key colli sions ATA fixed deadlock when pausing VM due to problems with the virtual disk e g disk full iSCSI target unavailable iSCSI fixed possible crash when pausing the VM iSCSI fix PDU validity checking and detect final PDU reliably VBoxHeadless really don t start X11 services clipboard service 3D acceleration Solaris amp Darwin hosts only bug 3199 Networking fixed issue where a VM could lose connectivity after a reboot Li
385. tion the following items were fixed and or added 180 12 Change log VMM FreeBSD guest related fix for V86 flags bug 2342 VMM fixed guru meditation when booting an AsteriskNow Linux VM bug 2342 VMM fixed PGMPOOLKIND FREE guru meditation bugs 3356 3431 VMM fixed Windows XP boot hang guest PAE nested paging only VMM allow mixing of VI x AMD V and software virtualization VMM fixed extremely slow safe mode booting in e g Windows 2008 VT x AMD V only VMM significant speedup of certain GRUB boot loaders e g Solaris VT x AMD V only VMM real mode IOPL fix for DOS guests VI x only VMM fixed VI x detection with certain BIOSes that enable VI x but don t set the lock bit in MSR IA32 FEATURE CONTROL VMM fixed hibernation issues on Windows XP hosts VT x only bug 1794 VMM properly emulate RDMSR from the TSC MSR should fix some NetBSD guests VMM emulate RDPMC fixes Windows guests crashes when using the Kaspersky virus scanner bug 1778 NAT fixed truncated downloads FTP bug 73257 NAT blocked UDP packets caused a crash bug 3426 NAT allow to configure the next server and the boot file via VBoxManage bug 2759 IDE fixed hard disk upgrade from XML 1 2 settings bug 1518 Hard disk support more VMDK file variants including fixed size ESX server images Hard disks refuse to start the VM if a disk image is not writable USB further reduced host CPU utilization for OHCI a
386. tiple monitors for the guest VirtualBox allows the guest to use multiple virtual monitors Up to sixty four virtual monitors are supported Note 1 Multiple monitors currently work only with Windows XP guests and Guest Additions must be installed as the implementation resides in the Guest Additions video driver 2 Multiple monitors work only with the VBoxHeadless frontend You must also enable VRDP multiconnection mode see chapter 7 4 7 VRDP mul tiple connections page 102 to access two or more VM displays when the guest is using multiple monitors 3 The guest video RAM size should be increased when multiple monitors are used The VRAM is shared among the virtual monitors so that only part of it is available for each one Therefore the available resolutions and color depths will be reduced if the VRAM size remains the same and multiple monitors are enabled 139 9 Advanced topics The following command enables three virtual monitors for the VM VBoxManage modifyvm VMNAME monitorcount 3 The following command enables VRDP multiconnection mode for the VM VBoxManage modifyvm VMNAME vrdpmulticon on The RDP client can select the virtual monitor number to connect to using the domain logon parameter If the parameter ends with followed by a number VBox Headless interprets this number as the screen index The primary guest screen is selected with 81 the first secondary screen is 2 etc The MS RDP6 client
387. to RHELS Snapshot Help ox The Disk Image Manager shows you all images that are currently registered with VirtualBox conveniently grouped in three tabs for the three possible formats These formats are e Hard disk images either in VirtualBox s own Virtual Disk Image VDI format or in the widely supported VMDK format e CD DVD images in standard ISO format e floppy images in standard RAW format 5With the VMDK support of VirtualBox you can continue using VMDK images you may have created with another virtualization product that uses the VMDK format See chapter 5 2 Disk image files VDI VMDK VHD page 78 for details 81 5 Virtual storage As you can see in the screenshot above for each image the Virtual Disk Manager shows you the full path of the image file and other information such as the virtual ma chine the image is currently attached to if any Also as can be seen in the screenshot if you have created snapshots for a virtual machine additional differencing hard disk images may automatically be created see chapter 1 7 Snapshots page 25 for details The Virtual Disk Manager allows you to e create new hard disk images using the New button this will bring up the Create Disk Image wizard already described in chapter 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine page 17 e import existing VDI or VMDK files from your hard drive into VirtualBox using the Add button e remove an
388. to never start on Solaris 10 bug 4328 Solaris guest fixed mouse integration for OpenSolaris 2009 06 bug 4365 Windows hosts fixed high CPU usage after resuming the host bug 2978 Fixed a settings file conversion bug which sometimes caused hardware accelera tion to be enabled for virtual machines that had no explicit configuration in the XML 12 7 Version 3 0 0 2009 06 30 This version is a major update The following major new features were added Guest SMP with up to 32 virtual CPUs VT x and AMD V only see chapter 3 4 2 Processor tab page 48 Windows guests ability to use Direct3D 8 9 applications games experimental see chapter 4 9 Hardware 3D acceleration OpenGL and Direct3D 8 9 page 72 Support for OpenGL 2 0 for Windows Linux and Solaris guests In addition the following items were fixed and or added Solaris hosts allow suspend resume on the host when a VM is running bug 3826 Solaris hosts loosen the restriction for contiguous physical memory under cer tain conditions Mac OS X hosts fixed guest PAE Linux hosts kernel module compile fixes for 2 6 31 bug 4264 VMM fixed occasional guru meditation when loading a saved state VT x only VMM eliminated IO APIC overhead with 32 bits guests VT x only some Intel CPUs don t support this feature most do bug 638 VMM fixed 64 bits CentOS guest hangs during early boot AMD V only bug 3927 VMM performance improvements for cer
389. to the virtual machine so it can boot from it VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP dvd full path to iso iso Alternatively you can use VBoxManage controlvm dvdattach directly without having to register the image first see chapter 8 9 VBoxManage con trolvm page 118 for details 7 Start the virtual machine using VBoxHeadless VBoxHeadless startvm Windows XP If everything worked you should see a copyright notice If instead you are returned to the command line then something went wrong 8 On the client machine fire up the RDP viewer and try to connect to the server see chapter 7 4 1 Common third party RDP viewers page 97 above for how to use various common RDP viewers You should now be seeing the installation routine of your guest operating system in the RDP viewer 7 4 4 Remote USB As a special feature on top of the VRDP support VirtualBox supports remote USB devices over the wire as well That is the VirtualBox guest that runs on one computer can access the USB devices of the remote computer on which the RDP data is being displayed the same way as USB devices that are connected to the actual host This allows for running virtual machines on a VirtualBox host that acts as a server where a client can connect from elsewhere that needs only a network adapter and a display capable of running an RDP viewer When USB devices are plugged into the client the remote VirtualBox server can access them For these remote
390. ty identified as the Initial Devel oper in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A 1 7 Larger Work means a work which combines Covered Code or portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License 1 8 License means this document 1 8 1 Licensable means having the right to grant to the maximum extent possible whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently acquired any and all of the rights conveyed herein 1 9 Modifications means any addition to or deletion from the substance or struc ture of either the Original Code or any previous Modifications When Covered Code is released as a series of files a Modification is A Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file containing Original Code or previous Modifications B Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or previous Modifica tions 1 10 Original Code means Source Code of computer software code which is de scribed in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as Original Code and which at the time of its release under this License is not already Covered Code governed by this License 262 14 Third party licenses 1 10 1 Patent Claims means any patent claim s now owned or hereafter ac quired including without limitation method process and apparatus claims in any patent Licensable by grantor 1 11 Source Code means the preferred form of the Covered Code for making
391. uescreens after changing VM configuration 153 11 2 2 Windows 0x101 bluescreens with SMP enabled IPI timeout 153 11 2 3 Windows 2000 installation failures 153 11 2 4 How to record bluescreen information from Windows guests 154 11 2 5 No networking in Windows Vista guests 154 11 2 6 Windows guests may cause a high CPU load 154 11 3 Linnie snd AU Oeste Loue cem la a a 155 11 3 1 Linux guests may cause a high CPU load 155 11 3 2 AMD Barcelona CPUS lt o ses s ea RR Re me 155 11 3 3 Buggy Linux 2 6 kernel versions rns 155 11 3 4 Shared clipboard auto resizing and seamless desktop in X11 o ANC Oe do A PR EA ee ew el e 155 11 4 Windows hosts o s se ego momo o oo m RR eS 156 11 4 1 VBoxSVC out of process COM server issues 156 11 4 2 CD DVD changes not recognized 156 11 4 3 Sluggish response when using Microsoft RDP client 157 11 4 4 Running an iSCSI initiator and target on a single system 157 IL5 Dine ashe 22x a Glaser end ox komo de A oe ae CIELOS 158 11 5 1 Linux kernel module refuses to load 158 11 5 2 Linux host CD DVD drive not found 158 11 5 3 Linux host CD DVD drive not found older distributions 158 11 5 4 Linux host floppy not found 159 11 5 5 Strange guest IDE error messages when writing to CD DVD 159 l11 5 b VBoxSVC IPC SHeS 2 2 lomo mm yc a
392. ultigeneration snapshot trees VirtualBox can save arbitrary snapshots of the state of the virtual machine You can go back in time and revert the virtual machine to any such snapshot and start an alternative VM configuration from there effectively creating a whole snapshot tree For details see chapter 1 7 Snapshots page 25 Remote machine display You can run any virtual machine in a special VirtualBox program that acts as a server for the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Pro tocol VRDP With this unique feature VirtualBox provides high performance remote access to any virtual machine A custom RDP server has been built di rectly into the virtualization layer and offers unprecedented performance and feature richness 13 1 First steps VRDP support is described in detail in chapter 7 4 Remote virtual machines VRDP support page 96 On top of this special capacity VirtualBox offers you more unique features Extensible RDP authentication VirtualBox already supports Winlogon on Windows and PAM on Linux for RDP authentication In addition it includes an easy to use SDK which allows you to create arbitrary interfaces for other methods of authentication see chapter 9 4 Custom external VRDP authentication page 136 for details USB over RDP Via RDP virtual channel support VirtualBox also allows you to connect arbitrary USB devices locally to a virtual machine which is running remotely on a VirtualBox RDP server see chapter 7
393. unning The specified amount of memory will be requested from the host operating system so it must be available or made available as free memory on the host when attempting to start the VM and will not be available to the host while the VM is running This is the same setting that was specified in the New Virtual Machine wizard as described with guidelines under chapter 1 5 Creating your first virtual machine page 17 above Generally it is possible to change the memory size after installing the guest operating system provided you do not reduce the memory to an amount where the operating system would no longer boot Boot order This setting determines the order in which the guest operating system will attempt to boot from the various virtual boot devices Analogous to a real PC s BIOS setting VirtualBox can tell a guest OS to start from the virtual floppy the virtual CD DVD drive the virtual hard drive each of these as defined by the other VM settings the network or none of these If you select Network the VM will attempt to boot from a network via the PXE mechanism This needs to be configured in detail on the command line please see chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 47 3 Configuring virtual machines Enable ACPI VirtualBox can present the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACPI to the guest operating system for configuring the virtual hardware In addition via ACPI VirtualBox can present the h
394. upported host operating systems page 14 You will need to install the following packages on your Linux system before starting the installation some systems will do this for you automatically when you install VirtualBox e Qt 4 4 0 or higher e SDL 1 2 7 or higher this graphics library is typically called 1ibsd1 or similar Note To be precise these packages are only required if you want to run the VirtualBox graphical user interfaces In particular VirtualBox our main graphical user interface requires both Qt and SDL VBoxSDL our simplified GUI requires only SDL By contrast if you only want to run the headless VRDP server that comes with VirtualBox neither Qt nor SDL are required 2 3 2 The VirtualBox kernel module VirtualBox uses a special kernel module to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of the processor for guest system execution Without this kernel module you will still be able to work with virtual machines in the configuration interface but you will not be able to start any virtual machines 34 2 Installation details The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox To maintain it with future kernel updates for recent Linux distribu tions for example Fedora Core 5 and later Ubuntu 7 10 Gutsy and later and Man driva 2007 1 and later generally we recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support DKMS This framework
395. username gt password lt password gt type normal writethrough immutable comment lt comment gt intnet global lt uuid gt lt name gt lt key gt enumerate global lt uuid gt lt name gt lt key gt lt value gt no value deletes key hdfolder default lt folder gt machinefolder default lt folder gt vrdpauthlibrary default lt library gt websrvauthlibrary default null library loghistorycount value add lt index 0 N gt target lt uuid gt lt name gt global name lt string gt 106 VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage VBoxManage usbfilter usbfilter sharedfolder sharedfolder vmstatistics metrics metrics metrics metrics 8 VBoxManage reference action ignore hold global filters only active yes no ves vendorid lt XXXX gt null productid lt XXXX gt null revision lt IIFF gt null manufacturer string null product lt string gt null remote yes no null VM filters only serialnumber string null maskedinterfaces XXXXXXXX modify index 0 N target lt uuid gt lt name gt global name lt string gt action ignore hold global filters only active yes no vendorid lt XXXX gt productid lt XXXX gt revision lt IIFF gt manufacturer lt string gt product lt string
396. ust display the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by Danny Gasparovski THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WAR RANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER 258 14 Third party licenses CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL DANNY GASPAROVSKI OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUP TION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CON TRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 14 2 9 liblzf license Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
397. ux installer support DKMS for compiling the kernel module Linux host compatibility fixes with Linux 2 6 25 Windows host support for USB devices has been significantly improved many additional USB devices now work Windows Additions automatically install AMD PCNet drivers on Vista guests Linux Additions several fixes experimental support for RandR 1 2 Linux Additions compatibility fixes with Linux 2 6 25 203 12 Change log 12 23 Version 1 5 6 2008 02 19 This version is a maintenance release It adds an experimental Intel Gigabit Ethernet device emulation and read only shared folders GUI fixed several error messages GUI fixed registration dialog crashes once and for all GUI really ask before resetting the VM GUI release mouse and keyboard before the host activates the screensaver GUI fixed issue with license display on big screens GUI added setting for network name for internal networks GUI added setting for network device type GUI keyboard fixes GUI seamless mode and fullscreen mode fixes GUI fixed soaked hostkey keyup event under certain conditions GUI more informative message dialog buttons GUI VM selector context menu VBoxSDL added termacpi switch VBoxSDL fixed automatic adaption of the guest screen resolution to the size of the VM window VMM under heavy guest activity for example when copying files to from a shared folder the VM could crash with an assertion VMM added an option to selec
398. ver to a specific interface VRDP added support for clipboard synchronization VRDP fixed problems with OS X RDP client VRDP added support for multiple simultaneous connections to one VM VRDP added support for MS RDP6 clients Vista Storage experimental support for VMDK images writethrough mode only no snapshots yet Storage raw host disk support including individual partitions IDE improve CHS geometry detection IDE fixed problem that only one VM could open an immutable image NAT allow more than one card configured for NAT networking NAT pass first entry in DNS search list Linux host or primary DNS suffix Win dows host as domain name in DHCP NAT support UDP broadcasts which enables using Windows shares NAT only warn if the name server could not be determined no fatal error any more 214 12 Change log NAT fix a potential problem with incorrect memory allocation Internal Networking fixed issue on Windows hosts Host Interface Networking fixed sporadic crashes on interface creation destruction Windows host Host Interface Networking reworked TAP handling for Linux 2 6 18 compati bility PXE show error for unsupported V86 case PXE small fix for parsing PXE menu entry without boot server IP Network fixed network card hang after save restore USB rewrote Windows USB handling without the need for a filter driver USB possible to steal arbitrary devices in Windows Serial added serial ports wi
399. vices menu of your virtual machine window Note The identification string of the drive provided to the guest which in the guest would be displayed by configuration tools such as the Windows Device Manager is always VBOX CD ROM irrespective of the current con figuration of the virtual drive This is to prevent hardware detection from being triggered in the guest operating system every time the configuration is changed Using the host drive normally provides a read only drive to the guest As an ex perimental feature which currently works for data only audio is not supported it is possible to give the guest access to the CD DVD writing features of the host drive if available 53 3 Configuring virtual machines VBoxManage storageattach lt vmname gt storagectl storage controller name gt port number device number passthrough on See also chapter 8 13 VBoxManage storagectl storageattach page 120 This deliberately does not pass through really all commands Unsafe commands such as updating the drive firmware are blocked 3 8 Audio settings The Audio section in a virtual machine s Settings window determines whether the VM will see a sound card connected and whether the audio output should be heard on the host system If audio is enabled for a guest you can choose between the emulation of an Intel AC 97 controller or a SoundBlaster 16 card In any case you can select
400. vices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config SocketSndBuf 128 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config TcpRevSpace 128 VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config TcpSndSpace 128 Each of these buffers has a default size of 64KB 9 13 4 Binding NAT sockets to a specific interface By default VirtualBox s NAT engine will route TCP IP packets through the default port assigned by the host s TCP IP stack The technical reason for this is that the NAT engine uses sockets for communication If for some reason you want to change this behavior you can tell the NAT engine to bind to a particular IP address instead Use the following command VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config BindIP 10 45 0 2 After this all outgoing traffic will be sent through the interface with the IP address 10 45 0 2 Please make sure that this interface is up and running prior to this assign ment Also if you have configured port forwarding for the NAT engine as described in chapter 6 3 1 Configuring port forwarding with NAT page 87 you can bind this con figuration only to a particular interface as well Assuming that you have configured port forwarding for a guestssh service you would use the following additional com mand VBoxManage setextradata Linux Guest VBoxInternal Devices pcnet 0 LUN 0 Config guestssh BindIP 127 0 0 1 This would
401. want to make it very clear that there is no warranty for the free library Also if the library is modified by someone else and passed on the recipients should know that what they have is not the original version so that the original author s reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced by others Finally software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free program We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent holder Therefore we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license Most GNU software including some libraries is covered by the ordinary GNU Gen eral Public License This license the GNU Lesser General Public License applies to certain designated libraries and is quite different from the ordinary General Public Li cense We use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non free programs When a program is linked with a library whether statically or using a shared library the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work a derivative of the original library The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteria of freedom The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria for link
402. with Mandriva guests bug 1699 Linux Additions fixed detection of patched Linux 2 6 18 kernels of RHEL5 FC6 CentOS 5 2 bugs 1899 1973 Linux Additions added new mount flags dmode fmode umask dmask and fmask allowing to override the file mode bug 1776 Documentation added a note that jumbo frames don t work bug 1877 Documentation document special host interface names on openSUSE11 bug 1892 12 20 Version 1 6 4 2008 07 30 This is a maintenance release The following items were fixed and or added AMD V VT x stability fixes Shared Folders fixed host crash Solaris host only bugs 1336 1646 Shared Folders fixed BSOD when debugging with Visual Studio bug 1627 Shared Folders fixed BSOD when compiling on a shared folder bug 1683 Shared Folders several fixes stability improvements SATA fixed a race that could cause an occasional Windows guest system hang SATA fixed spurious BIOS log messages Networking fixed NIC tracing with NAT interfaces bug 1790 USB fixed crash under certain conditions when unplugging a USB device bug 1295 Settings fixed bug when converting 1 5 x settings VRDP fixed enabling the RDP server during runtime VRDP properly detect the rdesktop 1 6 0 RDP client VRDP fixed RDP crash bug 1521 VRDP updated modified rdesktop client to version 1 6 0 GUI NLS improvements 199 12 Change log BIOS added SMBIOS header to make Solaris and Vista recognize the DMI
403. work but WINS always works As a workaround you can use the numeric IP of the desired server in the server share notation 88 6 Virtual networking Protocols such as GRE are unsupported Protocols other than TCP and UDP are not supported This means some VPN products e g PPTP from Microsoft can not be used There are other VPN products which use simply TCP and UDP Forwarding host ports lt 1024 impossible On Unix based hosts e g Linux So laris Mac OS X it is not possible to bind to ports below 1024 from applications that are not run by root As a result if you try to configure such a port forward ing the VM will refuse to start These limitations normally don t affect standard network use But the presence of NAT has also subtle effects that may interfere with protocols that are normally work ing One example is NFS where the server is often configured to refuse connections from non privileged ports i e ports not below 1024 6 4 Bridged networking With bridged networking VirtualBox uses a device driver on your host system that filters data from your physical network adapter This driver is therefore called a net filter driver This allows VirtualBox to intercept data from the physical network and inject data into it effectively creating a new network interface in software When a guest is using such a new software interface it looks to the host system as though the guest were physically connected to the i
404. xternal for a particular VM VirtualBox calls the library that was specified with VBoxManage setproperty vrdpauthlibrary This li brary will be loaded by the VM process on demand i e when the first RDP connection is made by an external client External authentication is the most flexible as the external handler can both choose to grant access to everyone like the null authentication method would and delegate the request to the guest authentication component When delegating the request to the guest component it will still be called afterwards with the option to override the result A VRDP authentication library is required to implement exactly one entry point include VRDPAuth h kx Authentication library entry point Decides whether to allow a client connection Parameters pUuid Pointer to the UUID of the virtual machine which the client connected to guestJudgement Result of the guest authentication szUser User name passed in by the client UTF8 szPassword Password passed in by the client UTF8 szDomain Domain passed in by the client UTF8 Return code 136 9 Advanced topics VRDPAuthAccessDenied Client access has been denied VRDPAuthAccessGranted Client has the right to use the virtual machine VRDPAuthDelegateToGuest Guest operating system must authenticate the client and the library must be called again with the result of the guest authentic
405. y error messages in a popup window See chapter 7 4 2 VBoxHeadless the VRDP only server page 98 for more information The optional t ype specifier determines whether the machine will be started in a window GUI mode which is the default or whether the output should go through VBoxHeadless with VRDP enabled or not see chapter 7 4 2 VBoxHeadless the VRDP only server page 98 for more information The list of types is subject to change and it s not guaranteed that all types are accepted by any product variant The following values are allowed gui Starts a VM showing a GUI window This is the default vrdp Starts a VM showing a GUI window with its graphics card output accessible by an RDP client 117 8 VBoxManage reference headless Starts a VM without a window for remote RDP display only 8 9 VBoxManage controlvm The cont rolvm subcommand allows you to change the state of a virtual machine that is currently running The following can be specified e VBoxManage controlvm lt vm gt pause temporarily puts a virtual machine on hold without changing its state for good The VM window will be painted in gray to indicate that the VM is currently paused This is equivalent to selecting the Pause item in the Machine menu of the GUI e Use VBoxManage controlvm vm resume to undo a previous pause com mand This is equivalent to selecting the Resume item in the Machine menu of the GUI e V
406. yvm e g as follows VBoxManage modifyvm Windows XP memory 512MB For details see chapter 8 5 VBoxManage modifyvm page 111 e To control VM operation use one of the following To start a VM that is currently powered off use VBoxManage startvm see chapter 8 8 VBoxManage startvm page 117 for details To pause or save a VM that is currently running use VBoxManage controlvm see chapter 8 9 VBoxManage controlvm page 118 for details 7 3 VBoxSDL the simplified VM displayer VBoxSDL is a simple graphical user interface GUI that lacks the nice point and click support which VirtualBox our main GUI provides VBoxSDL is currently primarily used internally for debugging VirtualBox and therefore not officially supported Still you may find it useful for environments where the virtual machines are not necessarily controlled by the same person that uses the virtual machine As you can see in the following screenshot VBoxSDL does indeed only provide a simple window that contains only the pure virtual machine without menus or other controls to click upon and no additional indicators of virtual machine activity 95 7 Alternative front ends remote virtual machines wi Sun xVM VirtualBox Windows Vista III eS umoeller windscheid LLer vindscheid 18 To start a virtual machine with VBoxSDL instead of the VirtualBox GUI enter the following on a command line VBoxSDL startvm vm where v

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