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DBCP-TD-02 - Japan Oceanographic Data Center

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1. e E LFPW LFPW LFPW LFPW LFPW Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 56 SYNOP HYDRA Reports A142 depending upon station deployment position Refer to table 2 ii coded from 01 to 19 means these values are normally distributed to all weather centres worldwide Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 SHIP BATHY TESAC Reports Aj1A2 depends upon the type of station and the geographical area where the platform is reporting from A1 W for Ocean Weather Stations V for Mobile Ships and other Marine Stations A2 A area between 30N 60S 35W 70E B area between 90N 05N 70E 180E C area between 05N 60S 120W 35W D area between 90N 05N 180W 35W E area between 05N 60S 70E 120W F area between 90N 30N 35W 70E J area south of 60S X more than one area ii generally coded from 01 to 19 means these values are normally distributed to all weather centres worldwide BUFR reports not distributed yet Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 58 9 Direct distribution to Argos users In addition to GTS distribution of the data the Argos GTS sub system is capable of distributing processed data directly to the Argos users This can be done either only to an Argos user or both to an Argos user and to the GTS This distribution mode can be useful for principal investogators to check that the data are being correctly decoded processed and QC ed by the system before effectively ask
2. YYGGgg Time of bulletin Day in the month YY Hour GG and Minutes gg RR For Delayed Routine Meteorological Reports optional The system automatically initiazes part of the bulletin header i e CCCC YYGGgg RR for all types of reports plus T T2 for BATHY HYDRA SHIP SYNOP TESAC reports T T2A 1A for BUOY reports 8 3 2 Information you need to provide BUOY and BUFR Reports containing buoy data ii depending on upon the Argos Processing Centre Toulouse or Largo and the deployment area See tables 3 and 4 below Table 3 Data distributed from the US Argos Global Processing Centre Largo USA Bull header Bull header Deployment area Remark 31 016 6 BUFR TTAAii CCCC TTAAii CCCC SSVX02 KARS IOZX02 KARS SSVX04 KARS IOZX 04KARS North Atlantic and EGOS SSVX06 KARS IOZX 06 KARS Northern Hemisphere SSVX08 KARS IOZX 08 KARS TAO PIRATA Was SSVX40 TAO SSVX10 KARS IOZX 10 KARS Southern Hemisphere Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 _fand ISABP SSVX12 KARS IOZX 12 KARS Arctic Antarctic sea ice Antarctic merged SSVX22 KARS IOZX 22 KARS Hemisphere and Canada Hemisphere SSVX96 KARS IOZX 96 KARS NDBC Table 4 Data distributed from the French Argos Global Processing Centre Toulouse France Bull header Bull header Deployment area Remark 010039 BUFR TTAAii CCCC TTAAITI 6 amp amp EGOS LFPW and ISABP LFPW LFPW ice merged LFPW
3. 38 5 9 Processing blocks e g sub surface floats ccceecceesseeesseeeereeeneeees 39 GS Te Q CAL ION EE A evans deisohustlaniico TE T 41 7 Quality controlas Ens os E oe IA ESE NSS 41 7 1 Tests made for the whole observation ccccccssseceeceeseeesteeeeeeeeeeeees 41 7 2 Tests made for each individual Sensor c ccecsceeseeeteeeeseeeteeeeeees 44 7 2 Tests made for the ODSeIvatlone lt wecctint eee not ak eeeane eens 47 8 GTS distribution oe sascsocs excuse cots casscesseessasnncsousneveescateeedemnanenriawiascasuieenes 49 8 1 Deferred GTS distribution 1i2 cesdaccatsivasttecniccel cai enlacetenineieieust 49 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 O22 GTS B lletins eee aoe ihe eee had oe a eds ed ae act aie 49 8 3 GTS b ll tin ead erst etcees dee ea tet leo stale sachet aie tot ci 54 9 Direct distribution to Argos Users sssesssoocsoosssoessssocesooseooesssooesoosssoossssese 58 9 TESTO formateren a cect sander saree Snipe ratte da ee N 58 9 2 SIMPLE TONNA ta endon te a ne er en 60 10 Automatic modification of GTS technical file via email 0000 61 BOR CAC ACCESS iiinn cata at cs ate Aare Maun ctunia tea A R E O Ea 61 10 2 Write ACCESS aaa a stake ney a ika 61 10 3 SECU Ly ISSUES a a A e a E E ae Ei aes 70 10 4 Information to provide to the User Office 0 cc ceeeeesseceseeeeeeeeeeees 71 Annex A Allocation of WMO numbers to Argos platforms
4. AF Africa AM Central Africa AP Southern Africa AR Arabian Sea area AW Near East EA East Africa EE Eastern Europe EM Middle Europe EU Europe EW Western Europe GA Gulf of Alaska area GX Gulf of Mexico area ME Eastern Mediterranean area Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide AE South East Asia AO West Africa AS Asia EC East China Sea area EN Northern Europe FE Far East IO Indian Ocean Area MM Mediterranean area Sept 2005 53 MP Central Mediterranean area NA North America NT North Atlantic area OH Sea of Okhotsk PA Pacific area PN North Pacific area PQ Western North Pacific PW Western Pacific area PZ Eastern Pacific area SE Southern Ocean area SJ Sea of Japan area ST South Atlantic area XE Eastern Hemisphere XS Southern Hemisphere XT Tropical belt XX for use when other designators are not appropriate Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide MQ Western Mediterranean OC Oceania PE Persian Gulf area PS South Pacific area SA South America SS South China Sea area XN Northern Hemisphere XW Western hemisphere Sept 2005 8 3 GTS bulletin headers 8 3 1 General form GTS bulletins are identified by headers to make sure they reach the right operational centres as detailed below The general form for a GTS bulletin header is T T2A1Apii CCCC YYGGgg RR Where TiT2 Data Type Designator A147 Geographical Designator ii Level or Deployment area Cccc Originating Centre LFPW Toulouse KARS Largo
5. Strategy 16 DBCP Annual Report for 1999 2000 17 Developments in Moored and Drifting Buoy Design Programmes 2000 Sensors and Communications DBCP Workshop Wellington Oct 1999 18 DBCP Annual report for 2000 2001 19 Developments in buoy technology communications and data 2001 applications DBCP Workshop Victoria Oct 2000 20 DBCP Annual report for 2001 2002 21 Dev in buoy technology communications science and data 2002 applications DBCP Workshop Perth Oct 2001 22 Research applications and developments involving data 2003 buoys DBCP Workshop Martinique Oct 2002 23 DBCP Annual report for 2002 2003 24 Research Applications and Developments involving data buoys 2004 DBCP Workshop Angra Dos Reis Brazil October 2003 25 DBCP Annual report for 2003 2004 26 DBCP Annual report for 2004 2005 These publications can be ordered from Etienne charpentier Technical Coordinator of DBCP and SOOP JCOMMOPS Pare Technologique du Canal 8 10 rue Hermes F 31526 Ramonville Saint Agne France Internet mail charpentier jcommops org Telefax 33 5 61 75 10 14 Telephone 33 5 61 39 47 82 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005
6. observation from being transmitted on GTS as it is incomplete This obliges to delay GTS distribution until sufficient number of points is received and validated for GTS distribution The acceptable number of points for the profile is a variable that can be defined i at the platform level i e a constant or ii dynamically as a sensor of type PF POINTS GTS distribution happens as soon as the actual profile number of points exceeds or equals either of these two numbers In case the expected number of points is never achieved then GTS distribution happens anyway after a given maximum delay which is defined at the platform level 8 2 GTS Bulletins Validated sensor data from platforms and satellite passes are grouped if their observation times are identical The WMO Identification Number Location Time of Observation and sensor data set is called an observation An observation coded into a GTS code form is called a GTS Report Observations are sent onto the GTS using requested GTS code forms on the following basis Recommended One observation gt One GTS message if only one GTS code is requested or as follows not recommended Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 One observation gt As many GTS messages as GTS codes requested e g BATHY and SHIP or as follows not recommended One observation gt For each geophysical variable as many GTS messages as GTS codes requested e g Air Pressure d
7. 000 25 BATTERY H 3 DEFAULT Y 0 00 000 0 000 26 AIRTEMP_H 3 AI T Y 0 00 000 0 000 27 TENDCHAR H 3 AI PTC Y 0 00 000 0 000 28 TEND H 3 AI_PT Y 0 00 000 0 000 Columns Ht Sensor order in the declaration SENSOR NAME Sensor name KIND Type of geo physical measurementG GTS distribution on off for the sensor LEVEL Hight Depth of probe A Coefficient A for linear correction Y A Y B B Coefficient B for linear correction Y A Y B PR Processing type for the calibration curve POS Bit position in the Argos essage first message bit 0 BIT Number of bits in the Argos message RF Reference time used for computation of observation time OFFST Time offset for computation of observation time Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide PR POS BIT WWW WW Ww WW WWW Ww WWWWW Ww WW WWW Ww DROGUE N 16 0 26 32 42 48 Cot Oa ar DANDOAEF OO CA Oot CF OH H aa hos ob et SS Sept 2005 73 LONG format compatible with GTSMOD language Example This program is to read calibration information from the GTS Data Base for a given PTT and into a file using the CAL PTT 22121 WMO 55574 Program 00476 User HICKMAN DROGUE N DEPLOYMENT 36 000 161 200 ALTITUDE 0 CODE BUOY Header code SSVX SENSOR ATMPRES Sensor kind AI_ P DISSEM Y LEVEL 0 0000000000E 00 TIME OFFSET 0 Linear Correction a 0 LIMITS 0 9010000000E 03 CALIBRATION TYPE B1 0 0 9000000000E 03 1023 0 105
8. 255 Data words can be a Regular sensor geophysical measurements e g Air Pressure b Timer words containing information related to the observation time of regular sensors c Checksum words containing information calculated by the platform for validating data transmission and message integrity d Block Number of times a block of information is repeated in the Argos message e g repeating Temp Depth for a temperature profile 4 2 Producing GTS bulletins from platform messages Whenever one of the satellites in the Argos system passes within range of a transmitting Argos platform it collects messages It stores these on board and transmits them to the Argos processing centres via ground stations in real or delayed time The processing centres compute the platform locations if your platform is location type and compress identical messages If you do not specify otherwise only the message received identically most often during the satellite pass known as the message with the highest compression index is processed The compressed message is decoded according to information you provide in your Technical File GTS bulletins containing GTS reports coded according to WMO regulations are then produced and sent in real time to operational meteorological and oceanographic centres Data from one platform and one satellite pass can produce more than one report in the following situations e You requested more than
9. 9 OEE Point number within block see paragraph Not Not applicable 5 9 By convention first point in block has applicable value 1 Remark this is not strictly speaking a binary format since point number will be taken in place of a specific data word in the Argos message Campbell binary format Always 16 bits 0 03 0100000000000011 including 1 bit for the sign sgn 0 1 1 1 3 1000000000000011 2 bits for the magnitude exp and 13 bits fo the digits digits Final value v is computed as following v sgn digits 10 In addition binary words can be permuted i e binary word in cut in two halves and then those halves are permutted e g 00001111 gt 11110000 if number of bits are odd permutation is done as on the following example 0001111 gt 1111000 When decoding binary words the GTS sub system first extracts the bits and then permutes the half words if permutation was requested by the users Then binary formats as described above are applied Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 Transfer functions The processing centres will use your transfer function to convert the binary data into physical units as indicated in Table 1 after paragraph 5 6 e g Air Pressure data converted to hectoPascals hPa Transfer functions available B1 Calibration table up to 20 points linear interpolation between points See 5 3 1 B2 Calibration table with compensating sensor
10. Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 C2 C3 C4 C5 Slope for computation of air pressure hPa at station level Pressure cl c2 Count Used only if there is no 2 compensating sensor which returns air pressure at station level directly Phys Comp2 Mean annual air temperature C at station location if no air temperature sensor is available Mean air relative humidity of air layer considered at station location 1 if Sea Level Pressure is required 0 if geopotential is required PI defines isobaric surface to be used for all platform sensors 5 3 5 8 AWI Alfred Wegener Institute module Computes air pressure using algorithm below Main sensor Air Pressure Compensating sensor internal temperature X ive Po P P Qo Q Q R Count Phys Comp X e X e o X e X c X e X cy P Po P Cio Po P2 u Qo Yten C3 Phys Qo R Q R Q Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 24 5 3 5 9 DEWPOINT module Air Dew Point Temperature based on Relative Humidity and Air Temperature Computes the Air Dew Point Temperature based on values of Relative Humidity main sensor or ad compensating sensor and Air Temperature compensating sensor Assumptions main sensor measures air Relative Humidity If there is no 2 compensating sensor then transfer function for main sensor is assumed linear
11. I I XRXR ZoZoToT To 212 T T T i eae ZnZnTpTpTy 999zz 212 T T T 1 wee zaia T Section 3 66666 k D D V V Section 4 D D or 99999 A b npnpny Brief description of the groups for BATHY YYMMJ Day in the month month year GGgg Hour Minutes Q L L L L L Quadrant of the globe 1 NE 3 SE 5 SW 7 NW Latitude 1 1000 degrees LoLoL Lobel Longitude 1 1000 degrees i ddff Units used for wind speed wind direction 10 Deg wind speed s TTT Air temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 k Indicator for digitization T 1 I Instrument type for XBT with fall rate equation coefficients see table 1770 from WMO Manual on codes No 306 Volume I part A XpXp Recorder types see table 4770 from WMO Manual on codes No 306 Volume L part A ZnZyTypinly Depth m modulo 100 Water Temperature ZZ Depth 100 m k5 Indicator for the method of current measurements D D V V Direction of Surface Currents 10 Deg Speed of Surface Currents Knots D D Ship s call sign A Dynpnpnp WMO Identification Number Example of BATHY message JJVV 29013 0600 721222 043522 00723 40125 88887 04222 00124 10082 99901 50022 99999 12345 Marine station WMO 12345 on 29 January 1993 at 06 00 UTC Latitude 21 222 North Longitude 43 522 West Wind Direction 70 Degrees Wind Speed 23 m s Air Temperature 12 5 Celsius Temperatures at selected depths Surface 12 4 C 10 meters 8 2 C 150
12. If U gt 128 then U U 256 Endif If V gt 128 then V V 256 Endif U c U V c V SPEED c SQRT U2 V If V 0 Then If U 0 then DIR 0 Endif If U lt 0 then DIR 270 Endif If U gt 0 then DIR 90 Endif Else If U gt 0 and V gt 0 then DIR ArcTan ABS U V Endif If U gt 0 and V lt 0 then DIR 180 ArcTan ABS U V Endif If U lt 0 and V lt 0 then DIR 180 ArcTan ABS U V Endif If U lt 0 and V lt 0 then DIR 360 ArcTan ABS U V Endif Endif DIR 180 c DIR If Automatic Geo Magnetic Correction Not Requested then DIR DIR c Endif If DIR lt 0 then DIR DIR 360 Endif If DIR gt 360 then DIR DIR 360 Endif Phys Comp SPEED Phys DIR Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Else If c 5 then Temperature Z 307200000 Count X LOG10 c Z Phys 1 c c X c X3 273 15 Else If c 6 then Temperature Y c 5 Count 1024 Phys C F GY Else If c 7 then Temperature Z 400000000 Count X LOG10 c Z Phys 1 c X c4 X3 273 15 Else If c 8 then Humidity Phys c c Count 2 56 End if Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 22 5 3 5 6 MARISONDE module For temperature sensors on buoys with thermistor strings M t o France If Phys_Comp is out of limits then Phys forced to an out of limits value Else U c Count c V INT Phys_Comp U 1 256 c Phy
13. Manual on Codes Volume 1 International Codes WMO N 306 Part B Binary codes for details Specific functionalities included in the Argos GTS sub system encoder e BUFR compression can be turned on off for every platform e When no compression is used Optional completion of delayed replications with missing values to the maximum number of replications of all sub sets from the BUFR report e BUFR operation descriptors managed 20lyyy change data width 202yyy change scale 203yyy change reference value 204yyy add associated field e Management of GTSPP quality class e Management of a sensor s battery voltage and temperature e Variable delayed replication e Sensor height correction e Drifter drogue status e Housekeeping parameters 1 2 and 3 using descriptor 0025028 e Time displacement for cumulative or averaged values BUFR templates which can be used for GTS distribution of platform data collected via Argos are listed below BUFR Template for SHIP 0301036 Ship s call sign and motion type of station date time position coarse accuracy 0007030 Height of station ground above mean sea level 0007031 Height of barometer above mean sea level 0302001 Low altitude station pressure at station level amp RSLP tendency 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0012101 Temperature dry bulb temperature Arg
14. Pure binary two s complement signed binary or BCD see paragraph 5 2 e All sensor data from a block plus block size if any belong to the same Argos message e Bit positions are given with reference to the first bit of the first data point of the block other sensors refer to the first bit of Argos message By convention first bit of first data point of the block has position 0 e A sensor within a block can have compensating sensors outside or inside the block but not from another block By convention if compensating sensor is declared as itself then the value of the compensating sensor being considered when processing the data will be the value of the considered sensor when processing the previous data point Otherwise if compensating sensor is another sensor from the block then the value considered will be the value of the considered sensor when processing the current data point e All sensors within a block must have an associated level sensor which can be itself e g sensor Depth would have itself for level sensor Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 41 6 Location When an observation is compted by the systrem a location must be associated to it Since buoys or stations are capable of recording observations onboard and later transmitting the data through the satellites there is not necessarily a location available for a given time of observation The system therefore looks for the closest in time
15. SENSOR ii ALL Sensor _Name e Beginning of a sensor s block for the current PTT Sensor Name is the name or beginning of name of one or more geo physical sensor s as defined in the GTS sub on data base e If the wild card asterisk option is used then all the geo physical sensor s of the platform with names beginning with Sensor_Name will be modified the first for each different name if option ALL is not used and in case many sensors have the same name e If the asterisk option is not used then only the geo physical sensor s of the platform with the name matching exactly Sensor_Name will be modified e If option ii is specified e g 02 then only the ii e g second sensor with name Sensor Name will be modified Usage of keyword ALL and option 11 is exclusive e If keyword ALL is specified then all the sensors with the name Sensor Name will be modified e If keyword ALL is omitted then only the first sensor with the name Sensor Name of will be modified Example e SENSOR ATMPRES First ATMPRES sensor found e SENSOR 02 ATMPRES Second ATMPRES sensor found e SENSOR ALL ATMPRES All ATMPRES sensors found e SENSOR AIR For every possible sensor name beginning with AIR only the first of each is used e g first AIRPRES and first AIRTEMP e SENSOR ALL AIR All sensors with names beginning with AIR e SENSOR First sensor for each possible name e SENSOR ALL All th
16. comprised of two or more instructions the first instruction of a block must always be the keyword PTT Argos Id to indicate the platform number Hence the first keyword of a file must be PTT to indicate the platform number of the first platform of the source file When compiling the file the compiler will save the previous block and create a new one automatically each time a new keyword PTT is found When all the blocks are processed and if no error occurred the blocks saved are automatically transferred to the GTS sub system description data base In case an error occurred all informations processed are disregarded and the compiler stops immediately processing the source file The Argos Users Guidance Office will inform you in case such errors occur The compiler reads instructions from the input file sequentially Many instructions per line are possible In that case instructions on a single line but must be separated using the character e g PTT 05566 WMO 64643 Empty lines or instructions are ignored Comments can be included using the character All the characters following the character will be ignored by the compiler ex WMO 64514 WMO Number Instructions can begin or end with an unlimited number of Space or Tab characters which will be ignored by the compiler All instructions are automatically converted into Uppercases before being interpreted The general format of an instruction is KEYWORD ARGUME
17. csss00 74 OA Dat pnbnpnblibaAiciveausceneankoaslukentactonhwns asineentoouas 75 Annex B AGO TESSES denies susssisvelsiedessssonsaovedeaccsuschseneduesauscssesawercansvcivasasenteienness 79 Annex C GTS code forms in use with the Argos system scsscscsssssees 80 C 1 BUOY code WMO code form FM 18 XII BUOY c eee 81 C 2 SYNOP code WMO code forms FM 12 XI Ext SYNOP 83 C 3 SHIP code WMO code form FM 13 XI Ext SHIP eee 85 C 4 BATHY code WMO code form FM 63 XI Ext BATHY 004 87 C 5 TESAC code WMO code form FM 64 XI Ext TESAC 04 88 C 6 HYDRA code WMO code form FM 67 VI HYDRA ceeeeeee 89 C 7 BUFR code WMO code form FM 94 XI Ext BUFR 00 eee 90 Annex D SIOSSATY sesser sessies ressesie eseese iena ais e osis 97 Annex E Referentes cssscsiseiscieisessieeteocds decoucahsvtaeyseasvestetadessaussecabbeteocssceasatabects 101 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 1 Who this guide is for This guide is for e Principal Investigators PIs running Argos programmes and wishing the Argos processing centres to send data onto the Global Telecommunication System GTS e PIs and manufacturers intending to design Argos platforms and messages for transmission onto the GTS e GTS users who receive data from the Argos centres We assume you are already familiar with the basic operation of the Argos system For example the guide does not
18. discuss the type of transmitter you need to use Argos or the daily number of satellite passes you can expect at your latitude For information of this type please contact an Argos User Office see addresses in Annex B 1 2 and 3 of this guide summarize the purpose of the GTS sub system and how to use it 4 describes the three types of Argos messages and how they are processed from reception by the satellite through to distribution on the GTS 5 describes how to define your requirements essentially by filling in a Technical File 6 explains how the GTS sub system deals with localizations 7 explains how the GTS sub system compresses and quality controls your message data 8 summarizes how Argos data are grouped into observations which are formatted as reports for assembly into bulletins Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 2 The GTS sub system at the Argos centres 2 1 What it is for Operational meteorologists rely on real time data to run their numerical prediction models The ground station network is dense and the data of good quality but there is not enough data from the oceans particularly in data sparse areas not covered by commercial ships reporting weather data Many Argos platforms such as drifting and moored buoys and even racing yachts carry sensors to measure the geophysical variables needed such as atmospheric pressure air temperature sea surface temper
19. following code descriptions i Code fields are indicated in bold ii Optional fields are indicated in parentheses iii Underlined fields are constant fields or constant part of the message e g 888 iv Fields in brackets are exclusive Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 81 C 1 BUOY code WMO code form FM 18 XII BUOY Report of a drifting or moored buoy observation Replaced DRIFTER in November 1994 Section 0 is mandatory all other sections are optional Section 0 ZZYY A b npnpny YYMMJ GGggi Q L L L L L L LoL LoLoLe 60 9 Qa Section 1 1110 0 Oddff 1s TTT 2s TaTaTa ox 29UUU 3P P PoPa 4PPPP 5appp Section 2 2229 Q 0S T T T LPP wallwallwa 20P aPwaPwa 214 4aHya Section 3 333Q41Qa2 8887k 225252525 3T TTT 48 S 8 8 22 2 2n2Zy 3T TT T 48 8 8 S 66k 9k3 225 52 o20 d d C 222 22 dydacnenen Section 4 444 19 Q20rwQa 2QnQ7 0 Qz Q LaL L L L LoL oLoL L L or YYMMJ GGgg 32n2Zn2nZy 42 Z lt 5BeBeX Xt 6A A A Ay 7VpVpdgdz 8ViViViVi 9 ZaZaZa Brief description of the groups for BUOY A bynpnpny WMO Identification number YYMMJ Day in the month Month Year GGggi Hour Minutes Indicator for wind units l m s 4 knots Q L L L L L Quadrant of the globe 1 NE 3 SE 5 SW 7 NW Latitude 1 1000 degrees L LoL LoL L Longitude 1 1000 degrees Qi Quality control indicator for the location f
20. made only for WT_T and WT_SA types of sensor For a temperature value T2 result is bad if For pressure lt 500db Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 T2 T3 T1 2 gt 9 0 Celsius For pressure gt 500db T2 T3 T1 2 gt 3 0 Celsius For a salinity value S2 result is bad if For pressure lt 500db S2 S3 S1 2 gt 1 5 PSU For pressure gt 500db S2 S3 S8 1 2 gt 0 5 PSU In case either temperature and salinity sensor values are rejected then whole data point Depth Temp Sal is rejected The first and the last data point from the profile do not go through this test 7 1 8 Temperature and or Salinity profile Stuck value test This test was introduced for the Argo programme initially Result is bad in case all values for the same type of sensor are identical along the profile Test is only applied to WT_T and WT_SA types of sensor In case either temperature and salinity sensor values are rejected then whole data point Depth Temp Sal is rejected 7 1 9 Temperature and or Salinity profile Density test This test was introduced for the Argo programme initially Test result is bad in case water density decreases when depth increases In order to compute test result potential temperature and density anomaly must be computed first for all profile data points after the points have been sorted out by decreasing depth i e towards sea surface Test is only applied to WT_
21. meters 2 2 C Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 88 C 5 TESAC code WMO code form FM 64 XI Ext TESAC Temperature salinity and current report from a sea station Section 1 and 5 are mandatory sections 2 3 and 4 are optional Section 1 KKYY YYMMJ GGgg Q L L L L L LoLoLolglghy i ddf 4s TTT Section 2 888k k I I 1 XpXp 2252 9 52 0 ST T oT To 4S 8 8 S8 22421212 3T T T T 4818 8 S 2ZnZnZnZn 3TaTpTaTn 48n5nSnS 00000 Section 3 66k k k 2ZoZoZoZo dodoCoCoCo 22121212 d d 2ZnZnZnZn dadanCnCnCn Section 4 This section is not used with the Argos system Section 5 D D or 99999 A b n n n Brief description of the groups YYMMJ Day in the month Month Year GGgg Hour Minutes QcLalabalaba Quadrant of the globe 1 NE 3 SE 5 SW 7 NW Latitude 1 1000 Degrees Lo LoLolLobolo Longitude 1 1000 Degrees i ddff Units used for wind speed wind direction 10 Deg wind speed s TTT Air Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 k Indicator for digitization k3 Indicator for salinity II Ix Instrument type for XBT with fall rate equation coefficients see table 1770 from WMO Manual on codes No 306 Volume I part A XpXp Recorder types see table 4770 from WMO Manual on codes No 306 Volume L part A Zn Zn n n Depth m Talalntn Water Temperature at depth C 5000 if lt 0 S 5 5 5 Water Salinity at D
22. observation 10 1 hour 30 3 hours 69 unknown ff Wind Gust m s or Knots depending upon i fff Wind Gust in units indicated by i if gt 99 units Example of SYNOP message AAXX 29061 07510 46 0723 10125 Automatic Station WMO 07510 on 29 January 1993 at 06 00 UTC Wind Direction 70 Degrees Wind Speed 23 m s Air Temperature 12 5 Celsius Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 85 C 3 SHIP code WMO code form FM 13 XI Ext SHIP surface observation from a sea station Used for reporting manned or automatic Report of synoptic surface observations from a sea station Section 0 and 1 are mandatory Sections 2 and 3 are optional Section 0 BBXX Deg 2 6D or YYGGi 99L baD Qe LoLoLoLo A b n n n Section 1 2s TgTaTa ipi VV ddff OOfff 1s TTT or 29UUU 4PPPP 3P P P P or Sappp 6RRRtz 4a hhh 9GGgg Section 2 222 Os slwlwlw LP yaPwaHwalwa 2P P H Hy 70H aHyaHwa 8s T T T Section 3 333 1s T T T 2s T T T 907tt 911ff 00fff Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 86 Brief description of the groups for SHIP D OD A b NpnyNy YYGGi Lalala IIiii 1r i VV ddff fff s TTT SnTaTaTa UUU PPPP PoPoPoPo appp RRRt ahhh GGgg Ss TRT PwaPwa HwaHwa PyPw HyHy HwaHwaHwa T T Th tt ff fff Ship s call sign WMO Identification number Day in the month Hour Ind
23. one GTS code form e g BUOY and BATHY Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 e The satellite recetved more than one observation during the same satellite pass an observation is the set of sensor information available from a transmitter at a given time Satellite pass Msg PTT 1 Msg PTT 1 oeme _o Msg PTT 1 Msg PTT3 Msg PTT 3 Msg PTT 2 Msg PTT 2 Msg PTT 2 Msg PTT3 DEEEH GTS ney 1 GTS Bulletin 2 eg e g SYNOP reports reports Obs Sate PTT same obsenation time N t S Bulletin Obsenetions grouped a GTS by GTS code and deployrent area distribution Figure 2 how GTS bulletins are generated from transmitter PTT messages Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 Defining your data and processing requirements To have your sensor data processed into physical units by the GTS sub system and sent onto the GTS you can define the following Where to specify it ee type initial position GTS oer File aaa format e g pure binary 5 2 Contact an Argos User oo or the TC DBCP1 Transfer function how you 5 3 GTS Technical File want your raw data converted e g using a polynomial function Corrections for 5 4 Contact an Argos User Office or the geomagnetic id TC DBCP1 Associated sensors e g to Contact an Argos User Office or the provide the depth of a TC DBCP1 temperature measurement timers etc Extra GTS format e g us
24. valid for the period 2000 2005 It then automatically adds the correction modulo 360 to the wind direction measurements before GTS distribution 5 4 2 Linear correction Instead of modifying a complete calibration curve the GTS sub system can slightly modify any sensor data sent onto the GTS by applying linear corrections to all physical values for the sensor i e phys phys at b where a and b are provided by the PI This linear correction is independent of the transfer function a is initialized at 1 and b at 0 For example a Air Pressure sensor might need recalibrating by adding 3 4 hPa a 1 b 3 4 or a wind speed sensor by applying a rate factor of 1 24 a 1 24 b 0 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 28 5 5 Associated sensors Extra sensor words can help to interpret the output of or report on the status of a main sensor 5 5 1 Compensating sensors The final result from a geophysical measurement is computed from the binary output of a main sensor and from another sensor word called the compensating sensor For example a main Air Pressure Sensor can be compensated by an Internal Temperature sensor whose binary values are also coded into the Argos message Compensating sensors can only be used with B2 B3 B4 and SM processing Certain SM modules do accept a 2 compensating sensor 5 5 2 Level sensors If a sensor makes measurements at different levels or depths e g XBT water temperature me
25. 0 m accurate Sign and Type of Wet Bulb Temperature measurement Code figure Sign Type of measurement 0 SST gt 0 Measured wet bulb temperature 1 SST lt 0 Measured wet bulb temperature 2 Ice bulb measured wet bulb temperature 3 4 PA Not used 5 SST gt 0 Computed wet bulb temperature 6 SST lt 0 Computed wet bulb temperature 7 Ice bulb computed wet bulb temperature Absolute value of Wet Bulb Temperature Measurement in 1 10 of Celsius Maximal Temperature in the last 24 hours 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 Minimal Temperature in the last 24 hours 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 Period of reference for wind gust ending at the time of observation WMO Table 4077 00 at the observation 10 1 hour 30 3 hours 69 unknown Wind Gust M S or Knots depending upon iy Wind Gust in units indicated by i if gt 99 units Example of SHIP message BBXX 12345 29061 99213 70432 46 0723 10125 Automatic Latitude Marine station WMO Longitude ULE Wind 12345 on 29 January 1993 at 06 00 21 3N 43 2W Wind Direction 70 Degrees Speed 23 m s Air Temperature 12 5 Celsius Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 87 C 4 BATHY code WMO code form FM 63 XI Ext BATHY Report of bathythermal observation Section 1 and 4 are mandatory Sections 2 and 3 are optional Section 1 JJVV YYMMJ GGgg 0 5 U b h gb LoLoLoLoLoLo i ddff 4s TTT Section 2 8888k I
26. 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0008082 Artificial correction of sensor height to another value 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0002169 Anemometer type 0002002 Type of instrumentation for wind measurement 0008021 Time significance 0004025 Time period or displacement 0011001 Wind direction 0011002 Wind speed 0008021 Time significance 0004025 Time period or displacement 0011043 Maximum wind gust direction 0011041 Maximum wind speed gusts 0008082 Artificial correction of sensor height to another value 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0004024 Time period or displacement 0013011 Total precipitation total water equivalent 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0008021 Time significance 0004024 Time period or displacement 0014021 Global radiation integrated over period specified 0008021 Time significance 0025028 Operator or manufacturer defined parameter 0025028 Operator or manufacturer defined parameter 0025028 Operator or manufacturer defined parameter 0031001 Delayed descriptor replication factor 0004024 Time period or displacement 0007062 Depth below sea water surface 0012111 Maximum temperature at height and over period specified Argos GTS
27. 001 Delayed descriptor replication factor 0007062 Depth below sea water surface 0022045 Sea water temperature 0022064 Salinity 0002030 Method of current measurement 0306005 Sub surface current speed amp direction profile Remark Above 6 descriptors were deleted because floats do not measure such variables Note a unique observation identifier will be defined later by SOOP Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 95 BUFR Template for BUOY 0001003 WMO Region number geographical area 0001020 WMO Region sub area 0001005 Buoy platform identifier 0002001 Type of station 0002036 Buoy type 0002149 Type of data buoy 0301011 Year month day 0301012 Hour minute 0008021 Time significance 0301011 Year month day 0301012 Hour minute 0008021 Time significance 0301021 Position lat lon high accuracy 0027004 Alternate latitude high accuracy 0028004 Alternate longitude high accuracy 0007030 Height of station ground above mean sea level 0001051 Platform transmitter ID number 0002148 Data collection and or location system 0001012 Direction of motion of moving observing platform 0001014 Platform drift speed high precision 0002040 Method of removing velocity and motion of platform from current 0033022 Quality of buoy satellite transmission 0033023 Quality of buoy location 0033027 Location quality class range of radius of 66 confidence 002
28. 032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0011001 Wind direction 0011002 Wind speed Note a unique observation identifier will be defined later by SOOP Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 94 BUFR Template for subsurface profiling floats 0001003 WMO Region number geographical area 0001020 WMO Region sub area 0001005 Buoy platform identifier 0001085 Observing platform manufacturer s model 0001086 Observing platform manufacturer s serial number 0002036 Buoy type 0002149 Type of data buoy 0301011 Year month day 0301012 Hour minute 0301021 Position lat lon high accuracy 0007030 Height of station ground above mean sea level 0002040 Method of removing velocity and motion of platform from current 0022067 Instrument type for water temperature profile measurement 0022068 Water temperature profile recorder types 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0022055 Float cycle number 0022056 Direction of profile 0022063 Total water depth 0302021 Waves direction period height 0002032 Indicator for digitization 0002033 Method of salinity depth measurement 0031
29. 2063 Total water depth 0302021 Waves direction period height 0302022 Wind Waves direction period height 0302023 Swell waves direction period height 0008081 Type of equipment 0025026 Battery voltage large range 0008081 Type of equipment 0025026 Battery voltage large range 0008081 Type of equipment 0025026 Battery voltage large range 0008081 Type of equipment 0002034 Drogue type 0022060 Lagrangian drifter drogue status 0007070 Drogue depth 0002190 Lagrangian drifter submergence time submerged 0025086 Depth correction indicator 0002035 Cable length 0002168 Hydrostatic pressure of lower end of cable thermistor string 0020031 Ice deposit thickness 0002038 Method of sea surface temperature measurement 0306004 Sub surface water temperature amp salinity profile 0002030 Method of current measurement 0306005 Sub surface current speed amp direction profile 0007031 Height of barometer above mean sea level 0008081 Type of equipment 0012064 Instrument temperature 0302001 Low altitude station pressure at station level amp RSLP tendency Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 96 0008081 Type of equipment 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0012101 Temperature dry bulb temperature 0012103 Dew point temperature 0013003 Relative humidity
30. 3449951E 04 SENSOR SEATEMP Sensor kind WT T DISSEM Y LEVEL 0 0000000000E 00 TIME OFFSET 0 Linear Correction a 0 LIMITS 0 3000000000E 01 CALIBRATION TYPE B1 0 0 3250000000E 01 255 0 3500000000E 02 SENSOR ATMPRES_ H 1 Sensor kind AI_P DISSEM Y LEVEL 0 0000000000E 00 TIME OFFSET 0 Linear Correction a 0 LIMITS 0 9010000000E 03 CALIBRATION TYPE B1 0 0 9000000000E 03 1023 0 1053449951E 04 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide to convert this information IBRATION compiler instructions Header PTT 03 1000000000E 01 b 0 0000000000E 00 0 1050000000E 04 1000000000E 01 b 0 0000000000E 00 0 3490000153E 02 1000000000E 01 b 0 0000000000E 00 0 1050000000E 04 Sept 2005 Annex A Allocation of WMO numbers to Argos platforms When data from Argos platforms are intended for transmission through the GTS an identifier called the WMO identification number or WMO number is used in place of the Argos identifier This provides stations with identifying numbers similar to the station index numbers assigned to land meteorological stations for operational storage and retrieval purposes at national Meteorological Centres The WMO identification number is allocated depending upon which GTS code form is used the type of the platform and its deployment position BUOY A bynpnpnp commonly called WMO numner Al WMO Regional Association area in which platform is deployed see
31. 345 29013 0756 761567 022345 611 11119 0 40145 Platform WMO 12345 on 29 January 1993 at 7 56 UTC 61 567N 22 345W good time and good location Good Air Pressure 1014 5 hPa Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 83 C 2 SYNOP code WMO code forms FM 12 XI Ext SYNOP Report of surface observation from a land station Used for reporting synoptic surface observations from a land station manned or automatic Section 0 and 1 are mandatory Sections 2 and 3 are optional Section 0 AAXX YYGGi ITiii Section 1 2s TaTaTa ipi VV ddff 00fff 1s TTT or 29UUU 4PPPP 3P P P P or Sappp 6RRRtz 4a hhh 9GGgg Section 2 22200 OSTIT LPwaPwaHwallwa 2PyPyHyHy 70H yaHwallwa 8s T T T Section 3 333 1s T T T 2s T aT aTh 4 sss 907tt 911ff 00fff Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 84 Brief description of groups for SYNOP YYGGi Day in the month Hour Indicator for wind units l m s 4 knots ITiii WMO Identification number ik Indicator for precipitation data i Type of station 3 Manned 6 Automatic VV Horizontal visibility ddff Wind Direction 10 degrees Wind Speed m s or Knots depending upon iw fff Wind speed in units indicated by iw s TTT Air Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 SnTaTaTa Dew Point Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 UUU Air Humidity PPPP Air Pressure at mean sea lev
32. 5 29 750 wWT_T 50 29 050 WIT 75 27 750 WET 100 25 240 WET 125 23 330 WET 150 18 020 WIT 200 13 480 WIT 250 10 600 WT_T 300 9 700 wrt 500 7 770 WI T 750 5 760 AIT 0 29 100 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 60 9 2 SIMPLE format Each observation is coded as following coded fields indicated in bold below are separated by commas records can have varying length BEGIN Argos ID WMO YYYYMMDDHHmmss Nb_Capt Latitude Longitude YY Y YMMDDHHmmss QCLoc Repeat Nb_ sensor times Sensor_name Sensor_type Level Sensor_value QC_Flags END With Field Coding 2 characters number of sensor values to follow for the observation 16 characters sensor name as declared in the system e g SEATEMP 8 characters F8 1 probe level in meters lt 0 for probes below sea surface QC Flags 6 characters QC flag results 1 character for each QC test 0 0K 1 not tested 2 dubious 3 bad 6 flags coded here See list of QC tests in paragraph 7 3 characters coded END Example BEGIN 17193 PTFM1 20001120110400 02 40 0000 20 0000 20001120105917 03 AIRTEMP AL_T i 0 0 14 261176 000110 ATMPRES AI_P i 0 0 1011 291373 000110 END Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 10 Automatic modification of GTS technical file via email Argos GTS users can access read or write technical files of GTS platforms via Email The system reads r
33. C are figures you provide C is an integer For arithmetic summation A and B are integers For logical summation A and B can only be 0 1 or 1 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 You must therefore provide e Number of different formats used for each platform 1 if messages are not multiplexed e For each format format number number of bits in platform message for that format how to recognize format option 1 2 or 3 summation operator logical xor or arithmetic modulo value M if arithmetic summation is used definition of X as a summation state N n and P definition of Y as a summation state N n and P values of A B and C vvvvvvvyvy y 5 8 2 Concatenation of the last bits of previous Argos message In case multiplexing method as described in paragraph above is used it is also possible to concatenate to the beginning of an Argos message which was recognized as format number n up to 40 bits of the last bits of another Argos message recognized as format n 1 In other words for an Argos message of format n which satellite collection time is T the system will look in the satellite pass and or database for possible existing messages of format n 1 with satellite collection time in the range T X to T X minutes X is a value provided by the user for every platform Bits concatenated at the beginning of a current message are numbered with negative values e g in case 40 bits are conca
34. East 18 00 00 on Aug 14 09 43 11 2001 e g 90 West on Aug 12 06 00 00 on Aug 2001 12 2001 e g 165 East 11 00 00 on Aug 12 2001 00 00 UTC or 12 00 on data collection day Time of last message in satellite pass that collected 08 57 03 on Aug 09 12 27 on Aug the message 12 2001 satellite pass time Multiple of N minutes preceding data collection 08 57 03 on Aug 08 40 00 on Aug time PI provides E g n 20 12 2001 12 2001 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 13 No reference time if a Time sensor provides it Pea oo o o Eo o o a 4 1 Uses as observation time a previous observation 08 57 03 on Aug 02 12 22 on Aug time when one exists for the same platform in the period satellite pass time N minutes to Satellite i Ti pass If such a time was not found then satellite i pass time is used as observation time Value of N is i given by the user for every sensor e g N 720 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 7 5 Reference Period Reference Period depends upon Reference Time as follows Code OO NET 9 10 12 other Reference Period 1 hour 3 hours 24 hours 24 hours 12 hours N minutes as defined by PI for Reference Time 0 5 7 6 Coefficient A Define A 1 or 1 for the associated Time sensor if any 5 7 7 Offset Constant in minutes Each sensor on each platform can have a different offset in accordance with your requirem
35. Humidity cj c2 Count If there is a 2 compensating sensor then physical value of that sensor Phys Comp2 is assumed to be air relative humidity in and Count value of main sensor is ignored compensating sensor measures Air Temperature If Air Temperature is not measured or not valid Dew Point Temperature is forced out of limits The processed physical value of the main sensor will be the Air Dew Point Temperature Module coefficients are c Offset for computation of air Relative Humidity at station level Offset cl coefficient Humidity cl c2 Count Used only if there is no 2 compensating sensor which returns air relative humidity directly Phys _Comp2 c2 Slope c2 coefficient for computation of air Relative Humidity Used only if there is no 2 compensating sensor which returns air relative humidity directly Phys Comp2 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 5 10 SAL78 module Computation of water salinity based upon conductivity temperature depth Main sensor Conductivity sensor Compensating sensor Temperature sensor in Celsius physical value of compesating sensor is used here for temperature 2 Compensating sensor Optional water pressure in Deci Bars Phys _Comp2 If there is no 2 compensating sensor value of coefficient c3 is taken for constant average water pressure in Deci Bars SAL78 computes salinity based on conductivity and temperature Conductivity
36. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission World Meteorological Organization of UNESCO DATA BUOY COOPERATION PANEL REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE GTS SUB SYSTEM OF THE ARGOS PROCESSING SYSTEM REVISION 1 6 DBCP Technical Document No 2 2005 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries FOREWORD The original Argos processing system was designed and implemented primarily to support the Global Weather Experiment in 1978 79 The processing requirement for the Global Telecommunication System GTS of WMO was intended to facilitate rapid global dissemination of data in standard format from the observation platforms initially drifting buoys and constant level balloons to the responsible research centres evaluating the observing systems By the end of the 1980 s however the diversity of users had expanded dramatically and it was apparent that the overall processing system was not well matched to the needs of either operational or research users of the Argos system The DBCP and CLS Service Argos together decided therefore to undertake the design and impl
37. NT1 ARGUMENT 2 is the separator and are used to indicate optional arguments Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 All arguments in excess of required ones will be ignored e g PTT 05566 Argos ID Number Arguments are separated by a separator which can be one of the following characters Q Spaces or Tabs e g PTT 05566 or PTT 05566 or PTT 05566 are valid instructions wn Arguments can be included in quotes or in order for the compiler to ignore possible separators or spaces e g ARGUMENTI TEMP AIR Quotes are not necessary when no ambiguity is possible e g ARGUMENT SST ARGUMENT i can take the form ARGUMENT1 ARGUMENT2 which stands for ARGUMENT or ARGUMENT2 Important In the Argos GTS sub system sensors are referenced by names Normally these names are defined by the programme manager at the time he fills out his GTS Technical File It is however possible e g the programme manager did not fill out a GTS Technical File and submitted the information in a free format that the programme manager is not aware of the sensor names used for these of his platforms which are reporting on GTS In that case he can request the Argos Users Guidance Office to provide him with the list of sensor names used for every kind of GTS platform he is using Also for consistency purposes it is recommended that the following names be used in the GTS Technical File Sensor name Sensor S
38. Q t RRRR Period for precipitations Total amount of precipitations ts T T T Nature of the Temperature reading Temperature of the element indicated by t 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 DDDss Ice thickness cm Depth of snow on ice cm Example of HYDRA message HHXX 2906 00019 17001 22 0040 33 1251 55 10123 3152 Hydrological station 17001 on 29 January 1993 at 06h00 UTC Stage 40 cm discharge 1250 dm s Air Temperature 12 3 C Maximum Temperature in the last 24 hours 15 2 C Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 90 C 7 BUFR code WMO code form FM 94 XI Ext BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data BUFR Identification section Optional section Data description section Data section 7777 BUFR is basically a self defining binary code for exchanging meteorological data A BUFR message is a contiguous binary stream composed of 6 sections Section 0 contains the coded characters BUFR and Section 5 the coded characters 7777 indicating the beginning and the end of a BUFR message Section 1 Identification Section contains information about the contents of the data such as type of data time of data and whether or not the optional Section 2 is included in the message Section 3 contains the description of the data that is represented in Section 4 Standard BUFR descriptors defined in BUFR tables B C and D are used for that purpose Refer to the WMO
39. SMOD The purpose of the GTSMOD facility is changing calibration coefficients and other platform status information automatically by submitting a file which follows GTSMOD syntax Input file contains description information of GTS platforms already existing in the GTS Sub System and already properly defined sensors etc The basic advantages are i to implement calibration coefficients automatically in the system with no risk of typographical error and ii to modify very quickly the values of fields which can change after the platform started reporting on GTS change the WMO number remove the platform or one of its sensor from GTS change the limits or the coefficient values etc Certain fields or operations e g remove or add a sensor change calibration type cannot be handled by GISMOD interpreter and must therefore be done manually through the Argos Users Guidance Office Syntax and other types of errors can happen e g Non existing keyword or Syntax error Inconsistent sequence of keywords Reference to a non existing platform Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Reference to a non existing sensor for the platform Wrong calibration type Inconsistent calibration coefficients Wrong values for the fields Ete 10 2 2 GTSMOD Syntax pseudo language instructions The source file is supposed to include blocks of PTT description information one block per PTT A block is
40. T and WT_SA types of sensor All profile data points Depth Temp Sal are rejected in case this test fails First and last data points do not go through this test 7 1 10 Computation of salinity based upon conductivity temperature and depth This test was introduced for the TAO moored buoy array It computes salinity based upon water conductivity C temperature T and depth D values as computed by the system according to technical file definition A dedicated sub programme UNESCO formula SAL78 http ioc unesco org oceanteacher resourcekit M3 Classroom Tutorials Processing Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 CTDDataProcess htm uses computed values of C T and D to compute salinity prior to GTS encoding and distribution 7 2 Tests made for each individual sensor These tests are defined at the sensor level 7 2 1 Gross Error Check For each kind of geophysical variable sensor data are compared with constant limits Out of range data are not sent onto the GTS Note that limit values are considered as valid 7 2 2 User Limit check Each sensor measurement is compared with limits you provide Each sensor can have its own limits Out of range data are not sent onto the GTS Note that limit values are considered as valid 7 2 3 Compression Index Checksum Sensor data for which the Compression Index by Sensor CIS is lower than a minimum acceptable value entered for each individual platfo
41. amaica KB Kiribati KN Kenya CM Cameroon CR Spain Canary Islands CU Cuba CZ Czechoslovakia DN Denmark EG Egypt ES El Salvador FG French Guiana FK Falklands Malvinas FW Wallis and Futuna Islands GC Cayman Islands GH Ghana GM Guam GQ Equatorial Guinea GW Guinea Bissau HE St Helena HU Hungary IC Comoros IL Iceland IR Iran Islamic Republic of TY Italy JP Japan KI Christmas Island KO Korea Republic of KR Democratic People s Republic of Korea LA Lao People s Democratic Republic KW Kuwait LB Lebanon LN southern Line Islands LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya MC Morocco LC Saint Lucia LS Lesotho MA Maturitius MD Madeira BA Bahamas BE Bermuda BJ Benin BN Barhain BR Barbados BW Bangladesh BZ Brazil CD Chad CH Chile CN Canada CS Costa Rica CV Cape Vert DJ Djibouti DO Dominica EQ Ecuador ET Ethiopia FI Finland FP St Pierre et Miquelon GD Grenada GI Gibraltar GN Guinea GR Greece GY Guyana HK Hong Kong HV Burkina Faso ID Indonesia IN India IS Israel JD Jordan KA Caroline Islands KK Cocos Islands KP Cambodia KU Cook Islands LI Liberia LU Aleutian Islands MB Marion Island MF Saint Martin Saint Bartholomew Guadeloupe and other French islands in the vicinity Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 52 MG Madagascar MH Marshall Islands MI Mali MK Macquarie Island ML Malta MN St Maarten St Eustasius and Saba MO Mongolia MR Martini
42. ared in the GTS sub system description data base Processing type can be only B1 B4 or SM VALUES binary physical Keyword VALUES is optional To define coefficient values of a B1 calibration curve This instruction must follow a CALIBRATION TYPE B1 instruction or another VALUES instruction Many instructions can be used to define as many tabulations as needed up to a maximum of 20 AQ value To define the value of coefficient A0 of a B4 calibration curve this instruction must be preceded by a CALIBRATION_TYPE B4 instruction Al value To define the value of coefficient Al of a B4 calibration curve this instruction must be preceded by a CALIBRATION_TYPE B4 instruction or a AO value instruction A2 A5 B1 B5 Same as for the other B4 coefficients Coefficients not listed are forced to zero Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 CO01 value To define the value of coefficient C1 of a SM calibration curve this instruction must be preceded by a CALIBRATION_TYPE B4 instruction C02 value To define the value of coefficient C2 of a SM calibration curve this instruction must be preceded by a CALIBRATION_TYPE B4 instruction or a Cl1 value instruction C03 C20 Same as for the other SM coefficients Coefficients not listed are forced to zero 10 3 Security issues Authentication Authentication is realized through the email address of originating message Authorisation For a given Argos Prog
43. asurements a sensor can encode the levels into the Argos message A level sensor must be defined with a B1 B2 B3 B4 or SM calibration curve and be associated with one or more sensors If the level is constant and defined e g Salinity at 50 meters a level sensor is unnecessary 5 5 3 Duplicated sensors If a platform has two or more similar sensors e g two Air Pressure sensors its data can be sent onto the GTS according to the priorities you define Hence if Quality Control rejects the first sensor value in the list the GTS sub system will process the next sensor value in the list 5 5 4 Time sensor A timer can provide the measurement time See 5 7 for details 5 5 5 Checksum sensors Checksums validate sensor data on reception at the processing centres to prevent bad data going onto the GTS Degradation can occur in the platform to satellite link or satellite to ground link or at the processing centre See 7 3 2 for details Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 29 5 6 Using more than one format Platform sensors can each use different code forms to report onto the GTS For example if a platform has Air Pressure Air Temperature Sea Surface Temperature and Sub Surface Temperature sensors it can report onto the GTS using SHIP code for surface measurements Air Pressure Air Temperature Sea Surface Temperature and BATHY for Surface and Sub Surface Water Temperature However we recommend t
44. ature wind speed and direction Principal Investigators of Argos programmes are therefore regularly asked for permission to send their data onto the GTS These data need decoding processing into geophysical units and quality controlling This is what the Argos GTS sub system does It also encodes the data according to World Meteorological Organization WMO formats for distribution onto the GTS It is increasing both the quantity and the quality of Argos data sent onto the GTS The GTS sub system operates at the Argos Global Processing Centres Largo Maryland in the United States Toulouse France You can both receive raw data on line from an Argos centre and have geophysical units sent through the GTS sub system for GTS distribution see Figure 1 below Before sending results onto the GTS the sub system automatically traps data from failed sensors and other bad data by 1 comparing data with limits you supply 2 checking for gross errors 3 compressing identical platform messages or sensor data from the same satellite pass 4 using checksums to check message integrity if you wish and if your platform message is compatible with this technique 2 2 The Global Telecommunication System The GTS is a public international communication network for weather centres to exchange data gathered by their observation networks It is coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization WMO World Weather Watch WWW The data are fo
45. aves Height of waves Period of waves 1 10 s accurate Height of waves 1 10 m accurate Quality control indicator for temperature salinity profile O not checked l good 2 inconsistent 3 doubtful 4 wrong 5 data changed Quality control indicator for current speed and direction profile O not checked l good 2 inconsistent 3 doubtful 4 wrong 5 data changed Indicator for salinity Depth m Water Temperature at depth C 5000 if lt 0 Water Salinity at Depth 1 100 of psu Method for removing ship s velocity and motion from current measurement Duration and time of current measurement Depth m Direction 10 Deg and Speed cm s of Marine Currents at Depth Quality control indicator for Air Pressure O0 good l bad Quality control indicator for the first housekeeping parameter 0 good l bad Quality control indicator for the water surface temperature measurement O good 1 bad Quality control indicator of the air temperature 0O good l bad Quality of the satellite transmission O0 good 1 doubtful Quality of Location 0 OK 1 Latest known location If the value is 1 then the date and time of the location fix is given by the groups YYMMJ GGgg of section 4 Location quality class range of radius of 66 confidence 0 gt 1500m 1 500 1500m 2 250 500m 3 lt 250m not available Depth correction indicator Indication whether probe depths as reported in Section 3 are corrected using hydrostatic pressur
46. bits in a string of contiguous bits from the Argos message is bad The platform computes the sum of some of the words in the message and encodes it into the message When the GTS sub system receives and processes the messages it recalculates the sum and compares it with the sum in the platform message If the sums don t match the part of the message in which the sum was computed is rejected there were apparently one or more bit errors during transmission The system does not send the data onto the GTS Note If the checksum is unavailable or if the platform s message format does not provide one the GTS sub system only sends the data onto the GTS if it receives at least two identical messages The PTT message contains the value MC of a checksum computed on board and then recalculated by the system CC for comparison In order to be considered as correct a checksum from the message must agree with the following formula Classical checksum K1 CC K2 MC K3 modulo M 0 CC Computed Checksum is the summation of contiguous data words of the same length Hamming codes CC K1 MC K3 modulo M 0 CC Computed Checksum is computed according to Hamming algorithm which uses a constant polynom value K2 is the number of zero bits to add at the end of the bit stream before starting computation Webb checksum K1 CC K2 MC K3 modulo M 0 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 46 CC Computed Check
47. bwnbnbnbnbnb where Q a letter not currently used as the first letter of a ship s call sign to indicate that the report is from an Argo float A WMO region of float deployment with 7 used for the Southern Ocean south of 60 S by 9 to signify a float NpNpNpNpnp a unique number for each float deployed in area Aj allocated serially This identifier is used in Section 5 of TESAC only when the report is from a profiling float and is used in place of the ship call sign D D not the buoy identifier The existing five digit buoy identifier group will be retained for TESAC reports originating from drifting and moored surface buoys The seven digit float identifier in TESAC was implemented for all floats deployed on and after 1 June 2001 SYNOP Iiii commonly called WMO Station Index Number II WMO block Number see Volume A of WMO publication No 9 ill Station Number within WMO block II HYDRA AC and BBipipin A WMO Regional Association area Ci Indicator for country of Hydrological Basin BB Hydrological Basin in the WMO Region See Vol II of WMO Manual on Codes for the list of basins iyigig National Hydrological Observing Station Identifier within the basin BUFR Once BUFR is implemented the type of identification number may differ depending on the type of platform and may take the form of one of the identification number detailed above for BUOY BATHY TESAC SYNOP SHIP or HYDRA code forms For the allocati
48. c3 X c4 Y F c5 Z F cer TY C7 X Z ale Cg Y Z an co X Y Z A co X T TaD oh Cp Z C13 X cyg Y cy5 Z Remark When using blocks this makes it possible to encode incremental values of a sensor relative to i an initial value outside the block or 11 the preceeding value withing block e g Phys Preceeding Phys Delta_Phys Where Phys main sensor declared using bits for delta value Delta Phys delta value as encoded in block X Preceeding Phys Preceeding physical value of sensor Y i e Physo outside the block declared as 2 compensating sensor or preceeding value within block of the main sensor previous Phys declared as 1 compensating sensor Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 5 5 ATLAS module For TOGA TAO array ATLAS moored buoys in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean May also be useful for platforms using the types of sensor data processing shown below according to the value of c1 If c 1 then Temperature Z 768000000 2 525 Count 7680 X LOGIO c Z Phys 1 c 3 X c X3 273 15 Else If c 2 then Water Pressure Phys 0 68947 c 76800 c Count Else If c 3 then Wind Wind is encoded in the Argos message using U and V vector components The Main sensor represents V before processing and wind direction after processing the Compensating sensor represents U before processing and wind speed after processing U Count_Comp V Count
49. c7 cg Y c9 Y2 C10 Y3 c11 5 3 5 3 POLYN_XY module For sensors with transfer functions in the following form X Count or Phys Comp2 in case a 2 compensating sensor is used Y Phys Comp Phys ci het Xoo tk c X c X4 Ce Y ce Y2 c Y3 cot Y4 Cio X Y c X Y cp X Y Gist X2 Y c ket Ye Git ROY This makes it possible to encode incremental values of a sensor relative to another sensor e g Phys Phys Comp c2 Count Attention There is now the possibility to have a second compensating sensor declared for each main sensor If this is the case then value X is not the binary value of the main sensor count but the physical value of the second compensating sensor Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 5 4 POLYN_XZY module For sensors with transfer functions in the following form X Binary decimal value of main sensor If cj 0 or Compensating sensor 1 found by real time Y Physical value of compensating sensor 1 Else Y Physical value of compensating sensor 2 Endif Z Physical value of compensating sensor 2 In other words Comp 1 exists Comp 1 doesn t exist c 0 X Bin of Main sensor X Bin of Main sensor Y Phys of Comp 1 Y Phys of Comp 1 Z Phys of comp 2 Z Phys of comp 2 c 40 X Bin of Main sensor X Bin of Main sensor Y Phys of Comp 1 Y Phys of Comp 2 Z Phys of comp 2 Z Phys of comp 2 Phys C2
50. ce addresses Annex B 1 If you are starting a new programme fill out a Programme Application Form and send it to your User Office for submission to the Argos Operations Committee This takes about a month 3 2 Check that your data fits into a WMO format The sensor data must be meteorological or oceanographic The Argos GTS sub system must also be able to convert the raw data into one of these GTS formats sometimes known as code forms see Annex C Name Code __ S BUOY SHIP Sub surface temperature salinity and TESAC FM 64 XI Ext current observations from a sea station Report from a hydrological stations HYDRA FM 67 VI Binary Universal Form for the BUFR FM 94 X Ext Representation of meteorological data Note BUFR is not available yet Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 3 3 Obtain WMO numbers for your platforms Contact your National Weather Service or National Focal Point for Drifting Buoy Programmes see Annex B 2 to request WMO identifier numbers for each platform see Annex A Your National Focal Point will also tell you if your country has any other procedures to follow for inserting data onto the GTS 3 4 Designate a Principal GTS Coordinator for your programme We recommend you to designate a PGC such as yourself if you are the Principal Investigator The PGC will be the only person who can ask the Argos User Office to make changes impacting the data delivered onto the GTS such as re
51. d b shall be allocated from the series 000 up to 499 but in the case of drifting buoys and other mobile platforms 500 shall be added to the original n n n number A number allocated to a particular programme may effectively be used twice for that programme only directly as allocated for a fixed platform and with the addition of 500 for a mobile platform After the operational life time of a given platform that reported onto the GTS its WMO number may be re used for another similar platform once provided the rules above are still met e g the platform is deployed in the same area Non re used WMO numbers may be released after 3 months of non transmission Examples 14015 No 15 buoy deployed in sub area 4 in region I stationary 46673 No 173 buoy deployed in sub area 6 in region IV drifting The identifier may be allocated to fixed as well as drifting buoy stations mobile ship stations and in some cases land based remote stations Drifting buoys and similarly other mobile platforms retain the original identifier applicable to the WMO region Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Py ir ie and sub area in which they were set adrift As adopted by Recommendation 5 CBS Ext 85 stations at sea located on a drilling rig or oil gas production platform shall also carry an identifier number In the case of such semi mobile platforms a new number will be required if the platform changes its geographical location
52. date of deployment e Name of international experiment to which platform belongs e g WOCE TOGA if any e WMO number see Annex A e Number of bits in Argos message e Any multiplexing methods used with format see 5 8 e For drifting buoys whether it is a Lagrangian drifter whether a drogue is present and if any the depth and shape of the drogue e g holey sock If requested drogue information can be coded in BUOY messages see Annex C 1 If the drogue detaches tell the Argos User Office so that the drogue information can be updated in your GTS messages e List of sensors to be sent onto the GTS with a description of each sensor status e List of requested GTS code forms needed for GTS distribution plus GTS bulletin header information Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 2 Binary format The processing centre obtains the binary value of each word from its position in the Argos message the number of bits and the binary format Bits are numbered from 0 first most significant bit to 255 last least significant bit The number of bits in a word can vary from to 31 You can define the following binary formats No Format Example Pf Decimal Binary coding Pure binary e g 4 bits 1111 Pure binary in twos complement e g 4 1 1111 7 0111 87 digit Binary Coded Decimal BCD 4 bits pe 10000111 e g 2 digits 8 bits ASCIl e g 8 bit characters 31 00110011 and 00110001 6 E
53. e Contact an Argos User Office or the both SHIP and BATHY not TC DBCP 1 recommended Observation time e g report GTS Technical File your measurements according to UTC time Multiplexing if 256 bits are Contact an Argos User Office or the not enough you can spread data TC DBCP 1 over several Argos messages Repeating blocks of 5 Contact an Argos User Office or the information in Argos messages TC DBCP 1 e g temp depth profiles IIf the technical specifications of your Argos transmitter do not match the information requested in GTS Technical File they may still be compatible with the GTS sub system Please contact your User Office or the TC DBCP and submit the specifications in your own format Requests are examined on a case by case basis Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 1 Platform Enter the following information in your Technical File Again if the technical specifications of your Argos transmitter do not match the information requested in the GTS Technical File please contact your Argos User Office or the TC DBCP and submit the specifications in your own format e Type of platform e g drifting buoy moored buoy fixed platform ship Quality control procedures depend upon the type of platform For example very old locations can be used for fixed platforms or moored buoys but drifter locations older than a couple of days are not sent onto the GTS e Initial position of platform and
54. e Value Value of time sensor expressed as Date and or Time You must provide values of the bit positions and number of bits for the Date and or Time components in the Argos message 5 7 10 Timer Vall Raw value of timer expressed as Number of N second periods You must provide the value of N and the bit positions and number of bits for the timer value in the Argos message 5 7 11 Timer Val2 Raw value of second timer i e Number of M second periods when an N second and M second period are used You must provide the value of N and M and the bit positions and number of bits for the timer values in the Argos message 5 7 12 WAAP correction Y or N Says whether WAAP algorithm should be used or not Defined in conjunction with the time sensor 5 7 13 WAAP_modulo Modulo value defined in conjunction with time sensor if WAAP algorithm is used 5 7 14 WAAP test value Test value defined in conjunction with time sensor if WAAP algorithm is used 5 7 15 WAAP_ offset Offset value defined in conjunction with time sensor if WAAP algorithm is used Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 8 Message multiplexing 5 8 1 Argos message recognition If you have too much data for a single 256 bit Argos message you can spread observations across several messages i e multiplex the data The multiplexing method you use must be compatible with the standard method used for the GTS sub system This is bas
55. e or not 0 not corrected l corrected missing Code talbe 3318 Hydrostatic pressure of lower end of cable Pressure is expressed in units of 1000 Pa i e centibars If group 32Zn 2n n2n is present then group 422 22 is mandatory E Length of cable in meters thermistor strings Buoy type code table 0370 Type of data buoy BUFR table 0 02 150 e g 00 unspecified drifting buoy 0l Lagrangian drifter 02 FGGE 03 Wind FGGE 04 Ice float 08 sub surface float 16 unspecified moored buoy 7 NOMAD 18 3 meter discus 19 10 12 meter discus 20 ODAS 30 series 21 ATLAS 22 TRITON 24 Omnidirectional wave rider 25 Directional wave rider missing Drogue type code table 4880 Drogue Type BUFR table 0 02 034 e g 01 Holey sock 00 unspecified missing Anemometer height above station level decimeters A value of 999 shall be used to say that anemometer height is artificially corrected to 10 meters by applying a formula Unknown value Group omitted if wind is not measured Anemometer type 0 Cup 1 propeller rotor 2 WOTAN missing Group ommitted if wind is not measured Code table 0114 Speed and direction of the buoy at the last known position Speed V V is given in cm s and Direction dgdg is given in tens of degrees Housekeeping Parameter number i up to 3 parameters Depth of the drogue m coded if requested by the Principal Investigator Example of BUOY message ZZYY 12
56. e sensors Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 DISSEM yes_no DISSEM Y The current sensor is authorized for GTS distribution DISSEM N The current sensor is removed from GTS distribution LEVEL probe_level To define the elevation or depth i e level of the probe compared to the station level lt 0 if below station level gt 0 if above station level e g depths are negative numbers BITS pos nb_bits Change bit position pos and number of bits nb bits of sensor in Argos message Argos message starts with position zero TIME_OFFSET offset_value To indicate the time offset for the sensor in minutes MAGVAR yes_no MAGVAKR Y To ask for automatic Geo Magnetic Variation MAGVAR N To ask for no automatic Geo Magnetic Variation RECALIBRATE RESET The coefficients for the linear correction are initialized to a 1 and b 0 RECALIBRATE a b Sensor is recalibrated PHYS a PHYS b Previous values of a and b are therefore corrected accordingly LIMITS low high Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Change the lower and upper limits for the user limits QC test 10 2 3 4 Calibration coefficients CALIBRATION _FROM_SENSOR Sensor_ Name Coefficients of the sensor which name is Sensor_Name are copied to the current sensor Sensor Name must exist in a preceding sensor block for the current PTT CALIBRATION_TYPE process_type Processing Type used cannot be changed must match with what is decl
57. eceived messages on an hourly basis processes the messages and replies to the users 10 1 Read Access Technical file access request is done via Email according to the following rules e User provides the Argos User Office with Email address he will use to send messages This address is inserted into a list updated by the Argos User Office This list permits to check identity of the user and to send results back to him e User sends one message per platform for which he wants to read GTS TechnicalFile e Based upon what Argos centre the platform belongs to the message is sent to an Internet address in SAI Largo USA or CLS Toulouse France e Toulouse gts_tf diane cls fr e Largo gts tf argosinc com e Subject line follows the syntax below o To get technical file in SHORT format TF READ USER UserName PTT Argos_ID o To get technical file in LONG format TF READ USER UserName PTT Argos_ ID FORMAT LONG As seen above FORMAT keyword is optional Its default value is SHORT see examples of SHORT and LONG formats below Text of the message is free It will not be processed by the system but will be archived The system recognises the UserName and the Internet origin of the message It checks that the two match via the list of Email addresses maintainedby the User Office If they don t the message is ignored and no error message is sent back to the originator but one is sent to the Argos user If they do match Technical File data a
58. ecommunication System No 386 DBCP Guide to data collection and location services using Service Argos DBCP document series Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 102 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS ISSUED WITHIN THE DATA BUOY COOPERAYION PANEL SERIES No Title Year of first Last revision issue and year 1 DBCP Annual Report for 1994 1995 2 Reference Guide to the GTS Sub system of the Argos Processing 1995 Rev 1 6 System 2005 3 Guide to Data collection and Location Services Using Service Argos 1995 4 WOCE Surface Velocity Programme Barometer Drifter 1995 Rev 2 2005 Construction Manual 5 Surface Velocity Programme Joint Workshop on SVPB drifter 1995 evaluation 6 DBCP Annual Report for 1995 1996 7 Developments in buoy technology and enabling methods DBCP 1996 workshop Pretoria Oct 1996 8 Guide to moored buoys and other ocean data acquisition systems 1997 9 DBCP Annual report for 1996 1997 10 Development in buoy and communications technologies DBCP 1997 workshop Henley on Thames Oct 1996 11 DBCP Annual report for 1997 1998 12 Developments in buoy technology and data applications DBCP 1998 workshop La R union Oct 97 13 DBCP Annual report for 1998 1999 14 Variety in buoy technology and data applications DBCP workshop 1999 Marathon Florida Oct 98 15 Global drifting buoy observations A DBCP Implementation 1999 Rev 5 2005
59. econd sub surface water temperature Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 10 2 3 List of possible instructions and keywords for GTSMOD Keywords are indicated in Uppercases Arguments in lowercases optional elements are inside brackets 10 2 3 1 General Remark These commands are for the moment only available to the Argos Users Guidance Office QUIT Quits the program and disregard any information entered so far EXIT Quits the program and save any information entered so far HELP command HELP List all the possible commands possible at this point HELP command Explains command in argument 10 2 3 2 PTT description CURRENT Types the informations entered so far for the current PTT This command is only available to the Argos Users Guidance Office PTT argos _id To indicate select the Argos Number WMO wmo id To change the WMO Number GTS yes_no Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 GTS Y GTS Distribution of the platform is authorized GTS N The Platform is removed from GTS distribution DEPLOYMENT latitude longitude To indicate the platform deployment position in degrees The deployment date is then forced to the current date ALTITUDE altitude To indicate the platform altitude in meters DROGUE yes_no DROGUE Y The Drogue is attached DROGUE N The Drogue is detached Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 10 2 3 3 Sensor description
60. ed on the method used by ATLAS TOGA TAO Array moored buoys in the equatorial Pacific Ocean The different Argos messages can be coded using different formats For example a platform could transmit surface data using format 1 then sub surface data using format 2 etc However the data from messages in different formats and the information needed to identify the format must be independent of other messages Consider a set of Argos messages during a given satellite pass As a first step for each compressed Argos message the system tries to identify the message format from the list you defined for that platform Once it identifies the format it processes the messages as if they were non multiplexed If it does not identify a format it assumes a transmission error and flags this in the GTS database The message lengths may be different e g format 1 32 bits format 2 256 bits They are assumed to be independent so that the data can be processed even if a transmission error occurs in another message containing the same observation but in a different format For a given format define which of the following options you require to identify the format 1 A X B Y C gt 0 2 A X B Y C 0 3 A X B Y C 0 where X and Y are two summation values logical bit by bit xor summation or arithmetic summation modulo M of contiguous data words from the Argos message e g N words of n bits starting from position P A B
61. el 1 10 hPa P P PoPS Air Pressure at station level 1 10 hPa appp Characteristic of air pressure tendency air pressure tendency in the last 3 hours 1 10 hPa 3H Refer to table number 200 of the WMO Manual on Codes Volume I WMO No 306 Part D for the possible values of a RRRtz Precipitations period for precipitations Refer to WMO Manual on Codes for details a3hhh Isobaric surface 1 1000 hPa 5 500 7 700 8 850 Geopotential M Modulo 1000 GGgg Hour and minutes of time of observation if asynoptic time Ss Sign and Type of Sea Surface Temperature measurement Code figure Sign Type of measurement 0 SST gt 0 Intake 1 SST lt 0 Intake 2 SST gt 0 Bucket 3 SST lt 0 Bucket 4 SST gt 0 Hull Contact Sensor 5 SST lt 0 Hull Contact Sensor 6 SST gt 0 Other 7 SST lt 0 Other Twlwlw Sea Surface Temperature 1 10 C sign is given by 8 PyaPwa Period of waves HyaHwa Height of waves PpP Period of wind waves HH Height of wind waves AyaHwaHwa Height of waves 1 10 m accurate Swlplplp Wet bulb or ice bulb temperature S Indicator fo the sign and type web ice bulb of web bulb temp T T T p Wet bulb or ice bulb temperature in 1 10 of Celsius s T T T Maximal Temperature in the last 24 hours 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 SnTaTaTah Minimal Temperature in the last 24 hours 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 sss Total depth of snow cm tt Period of reference for wind gust ending at the time of observation WMO Table 4077 00 at the
62. ementation of a new sub system within the overall Argos processing system specifically for the management of data destined for operational distribution over the GTS Specification for the Argos GTS Sub system were subsequently prepared by the DBCP Technical Coordinator Mr Etienne Charpentier and development of the sub system was undertaken by a commercial company Funding for the work was provided jointly by CLS Service Argos as an Argos development project and by the DBCP The sub system finally became fully operational in 1993 A Reference Guide to the Argos GTS Processing Sub system was prepared and issued at that time DBCP Technical Document No 2 to assist Principal Investigators PIs running Argos programmes and wishing their data to be distributed on the GTS PIs and manufacturers intending to design Argos platforms and messages for GTS distribution and GTS users who receive data from the Argos centres This guide has recently been updated to reflect various changes that have been made in the last few years and to clarify certain issues The guide should be read in conjunction with the Guide to Data Collection and Services Using Service Argos DBCP Technical Document No 3 which provides details of the structure of the sub system and provides background on the system s various applications The Argos system has now become a very widely used and integral part of many worldwide programmes and it is hoped this guide will assist furth
63. ents Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 36 5 7 8 Computed Time Value of Time sensor if any If there is no Time sensor Computed Time is forced to 0 Time sensors can be dedicated to any sensor on any platform Computed Time can be coded into the Argos message as Date and or Time word s Date and Time words can be encoded in the following binary formats provided that all elements of a given date and or time have the same binary format e Pure binary e Two s complement binary e Signed binary e BCD Each binary word can be binary permuted See paragraph 5 2 for details regarding binary formats Date and or Time word s can be defined as follows 1 Define Date by either of the following options e Julian day e Year or Year in Millennium or Year in Century or Year in Decade and either Calendar day in year or Month and Day in month 2 Define Time by either of the following options e Number of N second periods please provide N Time is coded as P1 x N e Number of N second periods plus number of M second periods provide N and M Time is coded as P1 x N P2 x M e Hour Minutes and Seconds e Hour and Minutes e Hour Note with the WAAP algorithm introduced for NOAA s National Data Buoy Center WAAP type buoys only timers in the form of Number of N second periods are used for Computed Time Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 7 9 Date Tim
64. epth 1 100 of psu k3 Duration and time of current measurement k Period of current measurement ke Method for removing ship s velocity and motion from current measurement dadap CnCnCn Direction 10 Deg and Speed cm s of Marine Currents at Depth D D Ship s call sign A b npnpny WMO Identification number Example of TESAC message KKYY 29013 0600 721223 043523 00723 40125 88871 04222 20000 30124 20010 30082 40035 20150 30022 99999 12345 Marine station WMO 12345 on 29 January 1993 at 06 00 UTC Latitude 21 223 North Longitude 43 523 West Wind Direction 70 Degrees Wind Speed 23 m s Air Temperature 12 5 Celsius Temperatures at selected depths Surface 12 4 C 10 meters 8 2 C 150 meters 2 2 C Salinity at 10 meters 35 psu Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 C 6 HYDRA code WMO code form FM 67 VI HYDRA Report of hydrological observation from a hydrological station Section 1 is mandatory other sections are optional Section 1 HHXX YYGG 000AC BBinipig Section 2 22 H H H H Section 3 33 QQQe9 Section 4 44 t RRRR Cased ai sh e Section 5 55 ts T T T oe es 4 Section 6 66 DDDss Brief description of the groups YYGG Day in the month Synoptic hours AC WMO Regional association area Country BBiyipyiy Basin National hydrological observing station identifier H H H H Stage cm QQQeo Discharge first 3 digits of discharge in dm s exponent for QQ
65. er in extending the usage of the system I am confident that the guide will continue and build on the good work of the previous issue It is after all in the best interests of all involved in the marine meteorology and oceanography community to have a reliable timely and standardized method for exchanging data I feel sure that this guide will assist PIs to distribute their buoy data on the GTS and thus continue to increase the quantity and quality of such data available to support operational meteorology and oceanography In closing I would like to thank Mr Charpentier for his efforts in updating this guide and commend its use to all users of the Argos system Graeme Brough Chairman DBCP Contents 1 WHOIS CUI 1S TON ss ccssccseccsiiscsivaidsticsccdedseessarchevascsestiusesasieesSivaddstatasesdseddsgavess 1 2 The GTS sub system at the Argos Centres sscscssccssssecsscseccscscesssceesssees 2 2e WAL is foreso e E te hia tO oie Ril nc Bees 2 2 2 The Global Telecommunication System c cccccecsseceeseeeeeeeesteesseeeenes 2 2 3 Advantages of the GTS sub system for Argos users c cecsseeeeeeeeeees 4 2 4 No additional cost to Argos users ccecceessceessecsseeeeseecseeenseeesseessaeensees 4 2 5 How to stop data from being sent onto the GTS ee eeeeeeseeeeteeeeees 4 26 HOW toget helii noe tne cst sone EAE pees uence tenant reeds 4 3 How to have Argos data sent onto the GTS sse
66. figure 3 by Sub area belonging to area A see figure 3 Note that sub surface floats are allocated value 9 for by DpNpNh Buoy type and serial number 500 is added to the original value of this number to indicate a drifting buoy The number is left as is for moored buoys Hence in distributed GTS reports it is always between 0 and 499 for moored buoys and between 500 and 999 for drifting buoys BATHY TESAC SHIP Ajbynpnpnp WMO number or D D Ship s Call Sign Al WMO Regional Association area in which the platform is deployed see figure 3 by Sub area belonging to area A see figure 3 Npnpnp Type and serial number of the platform or D D Ship s Call Sign Platform identifier in TESAC for profiling floats Observational data from profiling sub surface floats deployed under Argo and similar projects are distributed on the GTS in TESAC code The Data Buoy Cooperation Panel DBCP has developed an extension of the existing buoy identifier system to facilitate easy identification of the reports from these floats as well as retain a unique ID number for all floats deployed without recycling The new identifier is to be used in place of the ship s call sign D D not the buoy identifier It extends the existing buoy ID structure from five to eight characters for floats but Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 retains the same format with the addition of the letter Q as the first character QA
67. from one area to another e g from region III South America to region 1 Africa Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 WMO Regional Chart of sea areas Aqbyw for use in assigning buoy identifiers Ay Figure 3 Association area in which the buoy is deployed 1 Region I 2 Region II etc by Sub area belonging to the area indicated by A1 ere can oi ena i init Na ae 2 2 i00 120 i60 180 2 a a an im i io ia w Sept 2005 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide 79 Annex B Addresses Annex B 1 Argos User Offices See addresses at http www cls fr html cls activite adresses_en html Annex B 2 DBCP technical coordinator See references at http www dbcp noaa gov dbcp 1d html TC Annex B 3 National Focal Points for drifting buoy programmes See up to date list on the DBCP web site at http www dbcp noaa gov dbcp Infpfbp html Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 80 Annex C GTS code forms in use with the Argos system Note This is neither an official description of WMO GTS code forms nor a detailed one it is rather written taking into consideration how these code forms can be generated from the Argos GTS sub system For formal WMO regulations and details see the WMO Manual on Codes Volume 1 International Codes WMO N 306 Particularly groups not used with the Argos system do not appear in the code descriptions below In the
68. given in the lines of text of module for the considered sensor Values separated by comas e g 950 1 900 0 850 750 1 700 654 55 500 77 5 3 5 13 PRESDEDUC module extraction of physical value from a table A table TABLE is provided by the principal investigator Table is sorted by increasing geo physical values first value has index 1 values are sperated by comas e g 1000 950 1 800 750 Y Corrected Physical Value of 1 Compensating Sensor Y_ Index Index in the table of Y or of value immediately preceeding Y in the table Phys TABLE c Y_Index 1 This module is used when an approximate value for Phys is known and correct value can only be found from closest value in a table 5 3 5 14 EXP module Exponential function X Count Y Phys Comp Phys c exp c2 X c3 Y c4 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 4 Corrections 5 4 1 Geomagnetic variation correction For buoys measuring wind direction using compass data can be automatically corrected for takinf geomagnetic variations into account The correction depends upon the observation time and the platform position The GTS sub system computes a geomagnetic variation for that time and the platform position using the World Chart 2000 global field Geomagnetic variation model IGRF 2000 which was obtained from the Geomagnetic Data Group of the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center http www ngdc noaa gov seg potfld geomag shtml Version is
69. hat you use only one code form per sensor See Annex C for details Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 30 Table 1 Geophysical variables with units and formats Mnemo Code Variable Units Buoy Synop Ship Bathy Tesac Hydra Bufr AI GEOP 33 Geopotential M X ig AI HUM 31 Air Relative Humidity i b ig AI P 3 Atmospheric Pressure hPa s AI PT 4 Air Press Tendency gt 0 hPa 3H AI PTC 5 Charact of Pr Tend Table AL PTS 16 Sign of pressure tendency AI PV 50 Air Press Variation hPa 3H 2 AL SLP 32 Sea Level Pressure hPa ALT 2 Air Temperature C ig s AI TD 30 Air Dew Point C AL TN06 39 Air Temp Min in 6 hrs G y i AL TN12 38 Air Temp Min in 12 hrs C AI TN24 37 Air Temp Min in 24 hrs C i AL TX06 42 Air Temp Max in 6 hrs Cc AI TX12 Al Air Temp Max in 12 hrs C AI TX24 40 Air Temp Max in 24 hrs C w ig ALTITUDE 57 Altitude of station m ig CU_DI 1 lt 0 11 Current direction Deg bd gt CU_DI 1 0 1 Surface Current Dir Deg s CU SP 1 lt 0 10 Current Speed cm s 2 CU_SP 1 0 0 Surface Current Speed cm s DEFAULT 1000 Default type of sensor hg DEPTH 100001 Dep
70. icator for wind units l m s 4 knots Latitude 1 10 degrees Quadrant of the globe 1 NE 3 SE 5 SW 7 NW Longitude 1 10 degrees WMO Identification number Indicator for precipitation data Type of station 3 Manned 6 Automatic Horizontal visibility Wind Direction 10 degrees Wind Speed m s or Knots depending upon iw Wind speed in units indicated by iw Air Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 Dew Point Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 Air Humidity Air Pressure at mean sea level 1 10 hPa Air Pressure at station level 1 10 hPa Characteristic of air pressure tendency and air pressure tendency in the last 3 hours 1 10 hPa 3H Refer to the table number 200 of the WMO Manual on Codes Volume I WMO No 306 Part D for the possible values of a Precipitations period for precipitations refer to the WMO Manual on Codes for details Isobaric surface 1000 Hour and minutes of time of observation if asynoptic time Sign and Type of Sea Surface Temperature measurement Code figure Sign Type of measurement 1 1000 hPa 5 500 7 700 8 850 Geopotential M Modulo 0 SST gt 0 Intake 1 SST lt 0 Intake 2 SST gt 0 Bucket 3 SST lt 0 Bucket 4 SST gt 0 Hull Contact Sensor 5 SST lt 0 Hull Contact Sensor 6 SST gt 0 Other 7 SST lt 0 Other Absolute value of Sea Surface Temperature 1 10 C Period of waves Height of waves Period of wind waves Height of wind waves Height of waves 1 1
71. ing for GTS distribution of the data Data can be received by the users either in GTS format or in two specific formats called STD and SIMPLE 9 1 STD format Each observation is coded as following coded fields indicated in bold below are separated by commas STD Argos ID WMO YYYYMMDDHHmm Latitude Longitude Y YY YMMDDHHmm QCLoc Nb_ Sensor Repeat Nb _ Sensor times If Option 1 then Sensor_name Level Sensor_value Sinon Sensor_type Level Sensor_value Finsi With Field Coding YYYYMMDDHHm 12 characters observation date amp time 8 characters F8 4 Latitude 9 characters F9 4 Longitude 2 characters Localization class observation 6 characters sensor name as declared in the system first 6 characters e g SEATEMP 6 characters sensor type first 6 characters e g WT_T Level 5 characters probe level in meters lt 0 for probes below sea surface YYYYMMDDHHm 12 characters date de la localisation Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 59 8 characters F8 3 sensor value Example Option 1 sensor names STD 17193 XBTTEST 199909300500 40 0000 20 0000 19990930052955 03 4 BUOY N O 6 000 WINDIR 0 170 385 WINDSP 0 2 000 AIRTEM 0 29 100 Option 2 sensor types STD 20392 52083 200109192100 7 9910 156 0068 200109191826 03 18 AIT 0 29 200 AIP 0 1009 500 AI HUM 0 69 200 WIT 0 29 820 WI DI 0 158 000 WI SP O 1 000 WIT 2 29 820 WET 2
72. is obtained as a linear function of main sensor count Conductivty cl c2 Count Conductivity is expressed here in MilliSiemens cM Obtained salinity is expressed in psu Practical Salinity Units part per thousand cl Offset for computing conductivity c2 Slope for computing conductivity c3 Average water pressure Remark For the computation the algorithms uses and computes so called Conductivity Ratio defined as Conductivity divided by Conductivity of standard seawater of 35 psu salinity 15C temperature and standard surface atmospheric pressure 5 3 5 11 SIGNATURE module Computation of the signature of an Argos message Signature of an Argos message is a real number 32 bits computed based 32 gt Abs Octet Octet _ 13 bits i 2 32 gt Octet gt 13 bits i l upon the value of a whole Argos message The 32 bits of the Argos message signature are computed as follows 13 13 6 bits 32 octet modulo 64 gt 6 bits i l Obtained 32 bits I are transformed into a real number using following formula Phys I 10000 I modulo 10000 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 5 12 TABLE module extraction of physical value from a table IF there is a compensating sensor 2 then X Physical value of compensating sensor 2 Else X Binary decimal value of main sensor Count Endif Y Corrected Physical Value of 1 Compensating Sensor Phys c4 cs TABLE c X co Y c3 TABLE is
73. istributed in SHIP format Sub Surface Temperatures distributed in BATHY and TESAC GTS Reports are grouped according to whether their GTS code forms are identical and depending on the GTS code form additional criteria such as identical observation time and area of deployment A set of grouped GTS Reports using a single GTS code form is called a GTS bulletin Bulletins are distributed onto the GTS Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 51 Table 2 A1A2 for GTS bulletin Headers of SYNOP and HYDRA reports from Table C1 Part II of WMO Manual on the Global Telecommunication System Volume I Global Aspects WMO No 386 Table 2 part I Countries or territories AB Albania AI Ascension Island AN Angola AU Australia BC Botswana BH Belize BK Banks Islands BO Bolivia BU Bulgaria BX Belgium Luxembourg AG Argentina AK Alaska AH Afghanistan AL Algeria AT Antigua St Kitts and other British islands in the vicinity AZ Azores BD Brunei Darussalam BI Burundi BM Myanmar BQ Baltic Sea Area BV Bouvet Island BY Belarus CA Caribbean area and Central America CE Central African Republic CG Congo CI China CO Colombia CT Canton Island CY Cyprus DL Germany DR Dominican Republic ER United Arab Emirates FA Faeroes FJ Fiji FR France GB Gambia GE Gough Island GL Greenland GO Gabon GU Guatemala HA Haiti HO Honduras HW Hawaiian Islands IE Ireland IQ Iraq IV Cote d Ivoire JM J
74. ix O not checked 1 good 2 inconsistent 3 doubtful 4 wrong 5 data changed Qe Quality control indicator for the time of observation 0 not checked l good 2 inconsistent 3 doubtful 4 wrong 5 data changed Qa Location quality class range of radius of 66 confidence 0 gt 1500m 1 500 1500m 2 250 500m 3 lt 250m not available Qa Quality control indicator for the section O not checked 1 good 2 inconsistent 3 doubtful 4 wrong 5 data changed Qx Number of the only group of the section whose Quality Control indicator is not 1 Otherwise this group is coded 9 ddff Wind Direction 10 degrees Wind Speed m s or Knots depending upon iw s TTT Air Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 SnTaTaTa Dew Point Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if gt 0 UUU Air Humidity P P6PoPo Air Pressure at station level 1 10 hPa PPPP Air Pressure reduced at sea level 1 10 hPa appp Characteristic of air pressure tendency air pressure tendency in the last 3 hours 1 10 hPa 3H a is coded as follows 2 pressure is increasing 4 pressure is steady 7 pressure is decreasing S Tylwlw Sea Surface Temperature 1 10 C sn 1 if lt 0 sn 0 if 50 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 PyaPwa HyaHwa PyaPwaPwa HwaHwaHwa Qa Qaz k2 SnSnSnSn kg k3 Qp Q2 Qrw Q4 Qn Qi Qa Qz ZnZnZnZn ZoZoZoZo B B XXe A AnAn Ay VpVpdgdg ViViViV ZaZaZa 82 Period of w
75. linear interpolation between points See 5 3 2 B3 Polynomial function with break point and compensating sensor See 5 3 3 B4 Polynomial function with compensating sensor up to degree 5 See 5 3 4 SM Software Module a dedicated module e g FORTRAN program can be implemented to convert raw data into physical units Example Laplace module for reducing air pressure to sea level See 5 3 5 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 1 B1 calibration table linear interpolation The first entry in the table must correspond to a sensor output with all bits set to zero The last entry in the table must correspond to a sensor output with all bits set to 1 e g 24 for an 8 bit sensor Entries must be arranged in order of increasing sensor output There must be 2 to 20 physical values Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 2 B2 calibration table with compensating sensor linear interpolation Mainsencor output Compensating sensor output Comments The table consists of physical values and may contain a maximum of 11 columns and 9 rows Sensor output corresponds to raw decimal values extracted from platform message according to your defined binary format The first entry in the table must correspond to a sensor output with all bits zero The last entry in the table must correspond to a sensor output with all bits set to 1 e g 24 if an 8 bit sensor En
76. location available in the data base for the considered platform and associates that location to the observation It is also possible to ask the system to find two close locations and to make an interpolation or extrapolation in order to have an estimated location at the exact time of observations This method is only effective for platforms with relatively straight trajectories such as ships Certains platforms are equipped with GPS receivers GTS sub system can decode latitudes longitudes time of location and use this information for the location For buoys Argos location class is encoded in BUOY reports 7 Quality control The GTS sub system does automatic Quality Control to prevent bad data going onto the GTS You can select different tests for different platforms or sensors They are listed below 7 1 Tests made for the whole observation These tests are defined at the platform level 7 1 1 Location index Location index values 0 to 4 in GTS sub system must be greater or equal to a minimal value to be provided by the platform operator for the location to be accepted 7 1 2 Multiplexing error This test rejects data when no of the defined format has been recognized see paragraph 5 8 7 1 3 Lan Sea test Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 This test was introduced for the Argo programme initially Checks whether the platform is at sea using a 1 x1 resolution file If station is on land then ob
77. moving a platform from GTS distribution removing or recalibrating a sensor etc The Technical Coordinator of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel TC DBCP will gladly be your PGC if you wish 3 5 Decide how you want your data processed The GTS sub system offers a wide variety of processing options described in 5 below The way to define how you want us to process your data is by filling out a GTS Technical File available from your User Office Feel free to contact the TC DBCP for any help you need The other information to provide to your User Office is Quality Control which of the available options you wish to use The six QC checks described in 7 can be turned on or off on request information you wish us to include in your GTS bulletins see 8 2 3 6 Test some processing options To see which options give the best results it is often possible to simulate an Argos GTS programme with raw data telemetry If you are interested please contact the TC DBCP Requests are examined on a case by case basis Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 4 Argos messages and message processing 4 1 Types of sensor The Argos message also known as the PTT message for Platform Transmitter Terminal contains the data your platform sends to the satellite either instantaneously or from memory The data is split into words often called sensors The Argos message can contain 32 to 256 data bits Bits are numbered 0 to
78. nity psu WT_SA 1 0 9 Mixed Layer Salinity psu id WT_T 1 lt 0 6 Water Temperature probe C ig WT_T 1 0 6 SST hull contact C j WT_T_BUCK 54 Water temp bucket C Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 31 Mnemo Code Variable Units Buoy Synop Ship Bathy Tesac Hydra Bufr WT_T_INTK 53 Water temp intake C WT_T_OTHER 55 Water temp other than T T INTK T BUCK C x ig _SE 01 65537 Sensor number 1 Comments on Table 1 l 0 means measurement at sea surface and l lt 0 means measurement below surface If an Air Pressure Tendency AI_PT always positive sensor is used it should be in conjunction with a Characteristic of Pressure Tendency AI PTC sensor see group appp in Annex C 1 C 2 and C 3 Characteristic of Pressure Tendency sensor is used then an Air Pressure Variation Sensor AI_ PV should be used instead positive or negative BUOY code replaced DRIFTER in November 1994 BUFR is not available at the time of writing June 2000 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 392 5 7 Reporting observation time Most measurements are averaged over a few minutes just before being encoded into the Argos message then sent to the satellite every 90 seconds or so until another set of averaged data is available The default observation time also sometimes called measurement time is
79. of sensor above water surface 0004024 Time period or displacement 0012111 Maximum temperature at height and over period specified 0004024 Time period or displacement 0012112 Minimum temperature at height and over period specified 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0002002 Type of instrumentation for wind measurement 0008021 Time significance 0004025 Time period or displacement 0011001 Wind direction 0011002 Wind speed 0008021 Time significance 0004025 Time period or displacement 0011043 Maximum wind gust direction 0011041 Maximum wind speed gusts Notes 1 Within RA IV the maximum temperature at 1200 UTC is reported for the previous calendar day i e the ending time of the period is not equal to the nominal time of the report Thus in these cases a delayed replication factor of 2 may be used to construct a time range Conversely in all other cases a delayed replication factor of 1 is sufficient Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 92 2 If plain language text is reported within Section 2 this information can be conveyed in BUFR via the use of an appropriate 205YYY field as an extra descriptor following the above basic template Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 93 BUFR Template for XBT XCTD 0001003 WMO Region number geographical area 0001020 WMO Region
80. on of a GTS bulletin used to route bulletin to a weather centre GTS code form used for hydrological observations from a hydrological station Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Integer for a given date Julian day 1 is 1 January 1950 The 26 November 1990 is the 14939th day after 1 January 1950 its Julian day is therefore 14939 Drifting buoy designed to follow water motion Used to measure sea surface current Sept 2005 MEDS Modulo Moored buoy NDBC NOAA NFP Observation PGC PI PTT PTT message QC Raw data Report RMS SHIP Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Marine Environment Data Service Canada Modulo operator on integer numbers remainder of the Euclidian division of two integer numbers i e R A mod B lt gt A B Q R with R lt B See buoy National Data Buoy Center of NOAA Stennis Space Center Mississippi USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration USA National Focal Point for Drifting Buoy Programmes Set of geophysical measurements from a transmitter at a given time Principal GTS Coordinator Designated by the Principal Investigator of an Argos programme as point of contact to request any status changes the Argos User Office is to do on platforms reporting onto the GTS Principal Investigator e g in drifting buoy programs usually the platform owner Argos Platform Transmitter Terminal or Argos platform Coded set of informa
81. on of these identifiers programme managers must receive platform numbers from CLS Service Argos Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 WMO numbers from their national Meteorological Service or from their National Focal Point for Drifting Buoy Programmes NFP for drifting or moored buoys see Annex B 2 for the list of NFPs NFPs in turn obtain national allocations of buoy identification numbers from the WMO Secretariat which maintains a master list The following rules only apply to buoys When submitting requests the geographical positions and nature of platforms should be specified the position of initial deployment for drifting buoys Requests for WMO numbers can also be made via the Technical Coordinator of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel TC DBCP See Annex B for address and telephone number The symbolic form A b n n n of the identifier is used in FM 13 X SHIP FM 63 X Ext BATHY FM 64 IX TESAC and FM 18 X BUOY Specifications of symbolic letters are as follows A WMO Regional Association area in which buoy has been deployed see figure 3 Region I Africa Region II Asia Region III South America Region IV North and Central America Region V South West Pacific Region VI Europe 7 Antarctic by Sub area belonging to the area indicated by A see figure 3 N N N Type and serial number of buoy Nn BWN Important Serial numbers for buoys in each maritime sub area identified by A an
82. or on any PTT with 20 coefficients per sensor Please submit your specifications to the Argos User Office Do not exceed 25 lines of FORTRAN Based on the complexity of the task the Argos system operator CLS may or may not agree Software modules are for converting raw sensor data into geophysical values and may not be used for say time computation Notation Count Main sensor raw value as encoded in Argos message Count_Comp Compensating sensor raw value Phys Processed physical value of main sensor Phys Comp Processed physical value of compensating sensor if any Phys _Comp2 Processed physical value of second compensating sensor if any C1 20 Calibration coefficients each sensor of any platform is assigned a dedicated coefficient General form SUBROUTINE SOFTWARE MODULE Input Count Input Count_ Comp Input Phys_ Comp Output Phys The software modules available at the time of writing September 2001 are Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 5 1 IDENTITY module Simply copies raw sensor value into sensor geophysical value without converting 1 e Phys Count 5 3 5 2 TEMP_LOGA module For temperature sensors with transfer functions in the following form IF there is a compensating sensor 1 then X Physical value of compensating sensor 1 Else X Binary decimal value of main sensor Count Endif Resistance cy X c2 c3 X c4 Y LOG Resistance LOG c5 Phys c6
83. os GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 91 0012103 Dew point temperature 0013003 Relative humidity 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0020001 Horizontal visibility 0007033 Height of sensor above water surface 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0013023 Total precipitation past 24 hours 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0302004 General cloud information 0302005 Vertical significance cloud 0020031 Ice deposit thickness 0020032 Rate of ice accretion 0020033 Cause of ice accretion 0020034 Sea ice concentration 0020035 Amount and type of ice 0020036 Ice situation 0020037 Ice development 0020038 Bearing of ice edge see note 3 0002038 Method of sea surface temperature measurement 0022043 Sea water temperature 0302021 Waves direction period height 0302024 Wind waves amp 2 systems of swell waves 0020003 Present weather see note 1 0004024 Time period or displacement 0020004 Past weather 1 see note 2 0020005 Past weather 2 see note 2 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0004024 Time period or displacement 0013011 Total precipitation total water equivalent 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0007033 Height
84. ossooccooosssoesssosecoossssesesosseo 5 3 1 Have your programme approved ccscccesscessceessecsseceeseeeeaeecsecesneeesaees 5 3 2 Check that your data fits into a WMO format cccceesseeeseeeereeeeeees 5 3 3 Obtain WMO numbers for your platforms c ceecceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeseeneees 6 3 4 Designate a Principal GTS Coordinator for your programme 6 3 5 Decide how you want your data processed cecccsssecsseceeeeeeteeesteenees 6 3 6 Test SOME processing options cos 4 siedscaciacens dienes Sedeas epecdsie descndecddan deed 6 4 Argos Messages ANd message PFOCESSING cccscccsssccssceecsscssecsssesessssssesees 7 4 1 EV Pes OF SENSO inaiitan en hae isc a letersi eaten ea wk eee Nees 7 4 2 Producing GTS bulletins from platform messages ccceesseeeteeeeees 7 5 Defining your data and processing requirements scccscccssesssecssseees 9 OP MTEL OITA Dente Detaled sec aaah ener neels tab ete sdals aces dnass dub Od euaeds Ota 10 5 2 Binary FONDA ostis einiog ents foes toate vent a hae cc than asda isolate tnd 11 5 3 Transfer functions eta ie cee ht a AER ete ee ee ha he ees 12 Deh OUTS CHING eeen a vatospailvs a oa 27 SS AsSociated SEMSOTS ine a a ERE 28 5 6 Using more than one format voce aera ieee 29 5 1 4 R porting observation TING sisne iie r i i e a E 32 5 8 Message multiplexing sx tceee sect extanetet dente tmoul th seaueernanntolanicmaenceemaiat
85. que MS Malaysia MT Mauritania MU Macao MV Maldives MW Malawi MX Mexico MY Mariana Islands MZ Mozambique NC New Caledonia NF Norfolk Island NG Papua New Guinea NI Nigeria NK Nicaragua NL Netherlands NM Namibia NO Norway NP Nepal NR Niger NU Netherlands Antilles Aruba Bonaire Curacao NV Vanuatu NW Nauru NZ New Zealand OM Oman OR South Orkney Islands OS Austria PF French Polynesia PH Philippines PI Phoenix Islands PK Pakistan PL Poland PM Panama PO Portugal PR Peru PT Pitcairn Island PU Puerto Rico PY Paraguay QT Qatar RA Russian Federation Asia RE Reunion and associated islands RO Romania RS Russian Federation Europe RW Rwanda SB Sri Lanka SC Seychelles SD Saudi Arabia SG Senegal SI Somalia SK Sarawak SL Sierra Leone SM Suriname SN Sweden SO Solomon Islands SP Spain SR Singapore SU Sudan SV Swaziland SW Switzerland SX Santa Cruz Islands SY Syrian Arab Republic SZ Spitzbergen TC Tristan da Cunha TD Trinidad and Tobago TG Togo TH Thailand TI Turk Islands TK Tokelau Islands TM Timor TN Tanzania United Republic of TO Tonga TP Sao Tome and Principe TS Tunisia TU Turkey TV Tuvalu UG Uganda UK United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UR Ukrain US United States of America UY Uruguay VI Virgin Islands VN Venezuela VS Viet Nam WK Wake Island YE Yemen YG Yugoslavia ZA South Africa ZB Zambia ZM Western Samoa ZR Zaire ZW Zimbabwe Table 2 part II Vast areas such as continents hemispheres AA Antarctic AC Arctic
86. ramme the PrincipalGTS Co ordinator PGC is the only person allowed by the Argos programme manager to make modifications to GTS technical files manually via the User Office and remotely However a programme manager is not obliged to designate a PGC In this case only the programme manager himself plus authorised users will be in a position to do so Users can be authorised to access to all programmes of a given programme manager or to one or more programmes or to one or more platforms of the programme manager Above aspects of security are already taken into account in the GTS subsystem Access restriction If a user has reservations regarding the level of security offered he can ask that all of his platforms of all of his programmes be removed from remote access mode For a programme he can also forbid remote access or limit it to read access only By default remote reading as well as writing access is forbidden A user will therefore have to explicitly ask for read or read write access for each of his programmmes if he wants to use these facilities Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 10 4 Information to provide to the User Office If a user wants to remotely access to his GTS Technical Files he must e For each of his programmes provide the User Office with either the name of the Principal GTS Coordinator PGC who will be authorised to access technicalfile data remotely or with the list of users who will have authori
87. re read and returned to the user in less than 1 hour to the address given to theUser Office If an error occures e g syntax error in the subject line or inexisting PTT numbers or unauthorized access then an error message is returned to the originator 10 2 Write access Write access follows similar rules as above except for the following ones Writing unit is still the platform User sends a message per platform for which he wants to modify the GTS TechnicalFile Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Subject line follows the syntax below TF WRITE USER UserName Message text includes instructions for modification of a platform TechnicalFile according to the so called GISMOD language see description of language and example below for LONG format Hence a user will be able to re use a reading file FORMAT LONG to modify it and to submit it via Email The system recognises the UserName and the Internet origin of the message System checks email address as for the read option If email addresses match Technical File data are modified and confirmation returned to the user in less than 1 hour to the address given to the User Office If an error occures e g syntax error in theGTSMOD text submitted or inexisting PTT numbers then an error message is returned to the originator User must be aware that the operational system will not be able to take the modification into account before a delay of 1 minute to one hour 10 2 1 GT
88. rest 0 Not rounded 1 Second 2 Minute 3 Hour 4 3 hours 5 30 minutes 6 15 minutes 7 10 minutes 8 5 minutes 5 7 1 UTC Time The final observation time sent onto the GTS 5 7 2 Special Correction Values can be No Special Correction A Offset After Correction B Offset Before Correction 5 7 3 Data collection time Time at which platform sends Argos message to satellite Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 34 5 7 4 Reference Time Baseline for assigning a time to your observations Each sensor can have a different reference time as defined using one of the following codes Data collection Reference time time Jan 1 of current year year in which data was 08 57 03 on Aug 00 00 00 on Jan 1 collected 12 2001 2001 Specific date submitted by PI ooo First day in current month month in which data was 00 00 00 on Aug 1 Exact data collection time 08 57 03 on Aug 08 57 03 on Pacterccteeionte aon za 2001 below 12 2001 Aug 12 2001 Data collection time rounded to closest hour 08 57 03 on Aug 09 00 00 on on Data collection time rounded to synoptic time 08 57 03 on Aug 06 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 06 00 00 etc immediately 12 2001 Aug 12 2001 NR o Saad E hour 12 2001 Aug 12 2001 Sai 00 00 00 UTC on data collection day 12 2001 Aug 12 2001 fp B 00 00 solar time on data collection day i e depends on platform longitude e g 90
89. rm sensor usually 2 are automatically rejected from GTS distribution unless a checksum sensor returns OK 7 2 3 1 Compression index Compression means grouping identical values from a given satellite pass and platform 7 2 3 1 1 Compression by message Identical Argos messages from a given satellite pass and platform are grouped together The number of identical Argos messages received during the same satellite pass is called the Compression Index by Message CIM You can choose between the following options 1 Keep the message with the highest compression index CIS as described in 7 3 1 2 is forced to the value of CIM or 2 Keep all the messages so that full sensor compression can be applied see 7 3 1 2 Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 45 7 2 3 1 2 Compression by sensor Identical sensor measurements from all messages collected in a given satellite pass from the same platform are grouped together provided the sensor is in the same position in the Argos message the sensor level is the same and the computed observation time the same The number of identical sensor measurements is called the Compression Index by Sensor CIS The sensor measurements with the highest CIS are stored and sent onto the GTS 7 2 3 2 Checksums Checksum sensors validate the transmission link between the platform the satellite and the ground station A bad checksum usually indicates that one or more
90. rmatted using WMO GTS code formats such as BUOY for drifting buoys see Annex C 1 and disseminated using formal WMO protocols Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Trans mitting Argos Platforms PT Ts Orbiting satellites Doppler information Argos PTT messages Argos Global Processing Centres Location fixes Processed sens or data Location fixes Principal Investigators Raw sensor data Argos GTS sub system GTS Figure 1 sending Argos data onto the GTS Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 2 3 Advantages of the GTS sub system for Argos users The weather centres quality control GTS data in delayed time You are therefore informed if a sensor fails or needs recalibrating Since the GTS sub system is separate from the main Argos system it does not affect the data delivered to Principal Investigators For example quality control and recalibrations have no impact on Argos data The separation between the two systems also means you can receive the raw data while the processed data are distributed onto the GTS 2 4 No additional cost to Argos users Argos recognizes the need for more cooperation in the environmental data user community You pay no extra charges for the Argos centres to handle your platforms for transmission of the data onto the GTS e g declare your requirements in the system send your data onto the GTS provide help and advice 2 5 How to s
91. s U V 256 c Endif 5 3 5 7 LAPLACE module Reduction to Sea Level Geopotential Reduces air pressure to sea level or computes geopotential of an isobaric surface at a standard pressure level i e 1000 500 700 or 850 hPa For land meteorological stations making air pressure measurements at station level when sea level pressure or geopotential is required for GTS distribution Assumptions air relative humidity is constant throughout the year for the air layer considered air temperature varies with a vertical gradient of 0 65 Celsius per 100 meters of elevation main sensor measures air pressure at station level If there is no 2 compensating sensor then transfer function for main sensor is assumed linear station level pressure cj c2 Count If there is a 2 compensating sensor then physical value of that sensor Phys _Comp2 is assumed to be air pressure at station level in hPa and Count value of main sensor is ignored compensating sensor measures air temperature if applicable If not measured air temperature is assumed constant throughout the year The processed physical value of the main sensor will be pressure reduced to sea level or geopotential as required Module coefficients c Offset for computation of air pressure hPa at station level Pressure cl c2 Count Used only if there is no 2 compensating sensor which returns air pressure at station level directly Phys Comp2
92. s or zeros 7 2 6 Sensor blockage test If the reported sensor data are always identical during a user definable period or number of identical values then data will be automatically removed from GTS distribution 7 2 7 Bad associated compensating sensor Main sensor value is rejected if the compensation sensor or 2 compensating sensor was rejected by the QC tests 7 2 8 Same value transmitted X minutes before Sensor value measured at H is rejected if the same sensor value observed at H minus X minutes has already be distributed on GTS Value of X is given by the user for each sensor X corresponds to the value of Reference period as detailed in paragrpah 5 7 5 7 2 9 Climatological test This test was introduced for the Argo programme initially Test is only applied to WT_T and WT_SA types of sensor Test result is bad in case sensor value is out of climatological limits Limits are obtained from a climatological file 1 resolution which provides minimum and maximum values for the platform location Sensor level or depth is not taken into account at this point In case either temperature and salinity sensor values are rejected then whole data point Depth Temp Sal is rejected 7 2 Tests made for the observation 7 3 1 Managing duplicate times of observation Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 48 Because of the nature of the Argos system and the way data are processed GTS sub sy
93. sation e For each programme for the designated PGC or for each authorised user provide the User Office with the Email address he will use to access the system The User Office will then provide the user with User Names for the PGC or authorised users e For each programme ask for read or read write access Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 72 SHORT Format in read access Example GTS Technical file information for an Argos platform SHORT PTT 18646 WMO 73502 GTS N Program 01155 User MORRISSY CODE BUOY Bulletin Header SSVX03 SENSOR NAME KIND G LEVEL A B 01 HOUR TIME 02 SEATEMP WT_T Y 0 00 000 0 000 03 ATMPRES AI_P Y 1 00 000 0 000 04 BATTERY DEFAULT 05 00 000 0 000 05 AIRTEMP AI T Y 0 00 000 0 000 06 TENDCHAR AI_PTC Y 0 00 000 0 000 07 TEND AI_PT Y 0 00 000 0 000 08 HOUR_H 1 TIME 09 SEATEMP H 1 WT_T Y 1 00 000 0 000 0 ATMPRES_ H 1 AI_P Y 0 00 000 0 000 1 BATTERY H 1 DEFAULT Y 0 00 000 0 000 2 AIRTEMP H 1 AI T Y 0 00 000 0 000 3 TENDCHAR_H 1 AI_PTC Y 0 00 000 0 000 4 TEND _ H 1 AI_PT Y 0 00 000 0 000 5 HOUR H 2 TIME 6 ATMPRES H 2 AI P Y 0 00 000 0 000 7 SEATEMP H 2 Wr T Y 0 00 000 0 000 8 BATTERY H 2 DEFAULT Y 0 00 000 0 000 9 AIRTEMP H 2 AI T Y 0 00 000 0 000 20 TENDCHAR H 2 AI PTC Y 0 00 000 0 000 21 TEND H 2 AI PT Y 0 00 000 0 000 22 HOUR_H 3 TIME 23 ATMPRES H 3 AI_P Y 0 00 000 0 000 24 SEATEMP H 3 Wr T Y 0 00 000 0
94. servation is rejected This test only works for marine observing stations 7 1 4 Not used This test is not defined yet and is reserved for future use 7 1 5 Not used This test is not defined yet and is reserved for future use 7 1 6 Temperature and or Salinity profile Spike test This test was introduced for the Argo programme initially Test rejects a data point Depth Temp Sal in case a value departs too much from nearby points after the profile was sorted out by decreasing depth i e towards surface Test is only applied to WT_T and WT_SA types of sensor For a temperature value T2 result is bad if For pressure lt 500db T2 T3 T1 2 T3 T1 2 gt 6 0 Celsius For pressure gt 500db T2 T3 T1 2 T3 T1 2 gt 2 0 Celsius For a salinity value S2 result is bad if For pressure lt 500db S2 S3 8 1 2 S3 S1 2 gt 0 9 PSU For pressure gt 500db S2 S3 8 1 2 S3 S1 2 gt 0 3 PSU In case either temperature and salinity sensor values are rejected then whole data point Depth Temp Sal is rejected The first and the last data point from the profile do not go through this test 7 1 7 Temperature and or Salinity profile Gradient test This test was introduced for the Argo programme initially Result is bad in case temperature or salinity gradient is too high once the profile is sorted out by decreasing values of depth i e towards sea surface This test is
95. ssarily consecutive Sensor used in conjunction with the transfer function of another sensor to calculate its geophysical value For example an Air Pressure sensor can be compensated corrected by an internal temperature sensor because the temperature of the pressure sensor modifies its reading Sept 2005 Data base DBCP Drifting Buoy Drogue Flag FORTRAN FRGPC Geomagnetic Variation Gray Codes GTS Header HYDRA IOC Julian day Lagrangian drifter Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Organized data structure Data Buoy Cooperation Panel Joint body of the World Meteorological Organization WMO and of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOC See buoy Device attached to a drifting buoy either for the drifter to stay a long time in a given ocean area or for it to follow the water motion Binary descriptor 0 1 yes no good bad etc Programming Language French Argos Global Processing Centre Toulouse Difference between true North and Magnetic North high in polar areas Can be used to correct wind direction data when these are measured with reference to magnetic North Sequence of binary words of N bits successive words differ one from another in only one bit position Global Telecommunication System of the World Meteorological Organization used by the meteorological centres to exchange data in real time all over the world GTS Bulletin Header identification secti
96. stem can produce duplicates and quasi duplicates very close observation times To deal with this problem several solutions are offered e Rounding times of observation See paragraph 5 7 This field is defined for every sensor e Setting a duplicate tolerance a number of seconds If two observations for one PTT are within indicated value for duplicate tolerance then only the first processed observation is distributed on GTS By default duplicate tolerance is set to zero which means that all observations are accepted This field is defined at the platform level Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 8 GTS distribution 8 1 Deferred GTS distribution System is capable of deferred GTS distribution By default GTS reports are sent immediately Deferred time GTS distribution can be useful when e User can easily accepts additional delays e g sub surface oceanographic data e All neccessary information to compile an observation is obtained through several satellite passes Deferred distribution for profile data A specific algorithm was developped to make profile data more timely profile data can include large number of data points within a profile e g about 200 for an Argo profiling float profile which require encoding in several Argos messages for the satellite data transmission Hence when a satellite pass is being processed not all the points of the profile might have been received preventing the corresponding
97. sub area 0001005 Buoy platform identifier 0001011 Ship or mobile land station identifier 0001019 Long Station or site name 0001080 Ship line number according to SOOP 0005036 Ship transect number according to SOOP 0001036 Agency in charge of operating the Observing platform 0301011 Year month day 0301012 Hour minute 0301021 Position lat lon high accuracy 0007030 Height of station ground above mean sea level 0002040 Method of removing velocity and motion of platform from current 0022067 Instrument type for water temperature profile measurement 0022068 Water temperature profile recorder types 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0008080 Qualifier for GTSPP quality flag 0033050 Global GTSPP quality flag 0025100 XBT XCTD fall rate equation coefficient a 0025101 XBT XCTD fall rate equation coefficient b 0022063 Total water depth 0302021 Waves direction period height 0306004 Sub surface water temperature amp salinity profile 0002030 Method of current measurement 0306005 Sub surface current speed amp direction profile 0007032 Height of sensor above local ground or deck of marine platform 0012101 Temperature dry bulb temperature 0012103 Dew point temperature 0007
98. sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 Annex D Glossary ATLAS BATHY BCD Bit BUFR Bulletin Buoy Calendar Day Checksum CIM CIS Compensating sensor Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System TAO Array moored buoys deployed in the equatorial Pacific Ocean initially for TOGA GTS code form used for bathythermal observations Binary Coded Decimal The smallest possible quantity of information 0 or 1 Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data GTS Bulletin set of GTS reports coded using the same GTS code form and grouped for GTS distribution Drifting and moored buoys are automatic observing systems deployed in the oceans to gather geophysical data The day of the year e g 31 December is calendar day 365 ina non leap year The platform computes the sum of consecutive words from the platform message and inserts it in the message When the GTS sub system receives the sum it re calculates it and compares it with the sum in the message If the numbers do not match a transmission error has occurred one or several bits are wrong Compression Index by platform Message i e number of consecutive identical original platform messages from a platform during a satellite pass Compression Index by Sensor i e number of identical data fields for a given sensor on a given platform during a satellite pass Identical fields are not nece
99. sum is computed according to Webb algorithm which uses a constant polynom value Where CC is Computed Checksum computed by system MC is Message Checksum computed by platform and encoded into message K1 K2 and K3 are constants M is a constant modulo value Summation can be either an arithmetic or a logical xor exclusive or bit by bit summation i e parity in which case no Modulo operation is done It means N contiguous data words of n bits starting at position P in the Argos message Information to provide e name of algorithm to use Default Hamming Webb e summation operator logical xor or arithmetic e Modulo value M if arithmetic summation is used convention if M 0 then no Modulo operation is done e definition of MC as a data word from the Argos message i e first bit position and number of bits e definition of CC as a summation of data words from the Argos message i e values of N n and P e values of integer constants K1 K2 and K3 e Value of the polynom a 32 bit number which value is provided in hexadecimal Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 7 2 4 Level rejected by QC If a level sensor stating the depth at which a main sensor makes measurements is is rejected by QC then the main sensor is also rejected 7 2 5 All bits identical test If requested data can be automatically removed from GTS distribution if all the bits in the sensor word are one
100. tenated they would be numbered from 40 to 1 Hence sensors of format n can be defined with bit position values in the range 40 to 256 256 bit Argos message 5 9 Processing blocks e g sub surface floats Blocks are contiguous blocks of sensor values which are repeated in the Argos message Although only 64 sensors can be defined for each PTT in the data base of the GTS sub system using blocks it is possible to process more than 64 sensor values within an Argos message For example depth Z temperature T and salinity S values can be repated in the Argos message to code a number of Z T S data points i e a T S profile If all temperature sensors have the same declaration except for the bits blocks permit to only declare one T sensor in the GTS sub system data base technical files GTS sub system can basically process 120 points of 4 sensors that way Following rules apply Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 40 e A block can contain up to 10 sensors knowing that memory allocated for blocks is allocated for 120 points of 4 sensors e A block only contains geo phyical sensors i e no timers no checksums If timers or checksums are used they must be declared outside a block e A block can be defined as static number of points is constant and must be provided or dynamic number of points is encoded in the Argos message If block is dynamic number of points can be encoded in the Argos message in
101. th of probe m DISCHARGE 44 Discharge hydro sta dm s a HK 1 12 Housekeeping Param Free HK 2 13 Housekeeping Param Free HK 3 14 Housekeeping Param Free H_VISI 34 Horizontal Visibility m T ICE_THICK 48 Ice Thickness cm ig INT_T 100000 Internal platform temp C LATITUDE 58 Latitude of station Deg bg LONGITUDE 59 Longitude of station Deg s NB_TMP 17 Number of temperatures bd PF_POINTS 90 Required nb of points PRECIPO1 21 Precipitations in 1 hr mm be x ig PRECIPO2 22 Precip in 2 hours mm x i by PRECIP03 23 Precip in 3 hours mm a PRECIP06 24 Precip in 6 hours mm k PRECIP09 25 Precip in 9 hours mm y PRECIP12 26 Precip in 12 hours mm PRECIP15 27 Precip in 15 hours mm PRECIP18 28 Precip in 18 hours mm PRECIP24 29 Precip in 24 hours mm k SNOW_DEPTH 45 Depth of Snow Layer cm y SNOW_ICE 49 Layer of snow on ice depth cm ig SNOW_WAT24 47 Snow in 24h Wat Equiv mm SNOW_WATER 46 Snow Layer Wat Equiv mm STAGE 43 Stage hydro station cm ig TIDE GAUGE Sea Level m a WA_HT 8 Wave height m ig WA_PE 7 Wave period s a WIWA_HT 36 Wind wave height m hg WIWA_PE 35 Wind wave period s WL DI 15 Wind direction Deg WI_GU 56 Wind gust at the obs m s WL GUO1 51 Wind gust in prev hour m s WL _GU03 52 Wind gust in prev 3 hours m s WI_SP 1 Wind Speed m s i WT_SA 1 lt 0 9 Water Sali
102. tions sent by a PTT to the satellite Argos message Quality Control Original binary values of sensors as coded in the Argos messages GTS Report platform observation coded in a GTS message using a GTS code form Root Mean Square GTS code form used for surface observations from a sea station Sept 2005 SYNOP Synoptic observation TAO TC DBCP TOGA USGPC UTC WMO WMO number WOCE Word Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide 100 GTS code form used for surface observations from a land station Observation done at a specific synoptic time Synoptic times are 00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 UTC Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Technical Coordinator of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Programme US Argos Global Processing Centre in Largo Universal Time Coordinated World Meteorological Organization international Platform Identification Number used for exchange of data on the GTS World Ocean Circulation Experiment A set of contiguous bits from a given regular sensor timer or checksum Exclusive logical bit by bit or operator 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Sept 2005 101 Annex E References Argos User Manual WMO Manual on Codes Volume 1 International codes WMO No 306 Part A Character Codes WMO Manual on Codes Volume 1 International codes WMO No 306 Part B Binary Codes WMO Manual on the Global Tel
103. top data from being sent onto the GTS You can contact your Argos User Office at any time and request that GTS transmission of data from any of your platforms or programmes be stopped If you intend to recover a platform please ask the Argos User Office in advance to remove it from the GTS Please also let us know as soon as you know a platform is dying 2 6 How to get help Feel free to contact your User Office or the Technical Coordinator of the DBCP TC DBCP at any time An easy way to contact the User Office is Argos e mail using the MESS command See Annex B for TC DBCP and User Office references l The Data Buoy Cooperation Panel DBCP is an official joint body set up by the World Meteorological Organization WMO and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOC It was formally established in 1985 The DBCP s most important task is to internationally coordinate drifting buoy programmes Substantial increases are expected in the number of buoys deployed on the global oceans and in the amount of good quality operational oceanic and atmospheric data available for the meteorological and oceanographic community The DBCP is served by a full time Technical Coordinator Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 3 How to have Argos data sent onto the GTS 3 1 Have your programme approved Your Argos programme must be approved in the regular way if you are new to the Argos system please contact your Argos User Offi
104. tries must be arranged in order of increasing sensor output Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 3 B3 polynomial function with break point and compensating sensor Algorithm IF X lt TC THEN X X 20 X A X B IF X lt PC THEN X X 20 R C C X C X C X where R is the result of B3 processing i e the computed physical value TC is the compensating sensor break point Xi and Xj are the main and compensating sensor outputs respectively i e raw decimal values extracted from PTT message using your defined binary format nj and nj are the number of bits output by the main and compensating sensors respectively PC is the main sensor break point Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 4 B4 polynomial function with compensating sensor Function RSA rks Ay X A X2 A X3 A XA A X5 bile B X B X B X 3 B X 4 B X gt where R is the result of B4 processing i e the computed physical value Xj and Xj are the main and compensating sensor outputs respectively i e raw decimal values extracted from the platform message using your defined binary format Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 5 3 5 SM software module For transfer functions which B1 B2 B3 or B4 processing cannot approximate accurately enough you can have a dedicated FORTRAN subroutine SM implemented in the GTS processing sub system It can be assigned to any defined sens
105. when the satellite collects the message satellite time However the GTS sub system also offers other options described below The Argos GTS sub system computes the observation time for each sensor according to the algorithm below terms described in 5 7 1 to 5 7 15 Different sensors can be initialized differently If WAAP_Correction Then If Timer Vall Modulo WAAP_MODULO 0 Then Time is not valid UTC Time NIL Exit Else If WAAP_TEST_VALUE lt gt 0 Then If Timer Vall lt WAAP_TEST_VALUE Then Computed Time Timer Val1 N WAAP_OFFSET 60 Else Computed Time Timer Val1 N Endif Else Computed Time Timer Vall Modulo WAAP_MODULO N Endif Endif Else If timer in the form of Date Time then Computed Time Date Time Value Else Computed Time Timer Val1 N Timer Val2 M Endif Endif UTC Time Reference Time A Computed Time If Special Correction Offset After Correction Then If UTC Time gt Data collection time Then UTC Time UTC Time Reference Period Endif Endif UTC Time UTC Time Offset If Special Correction Offset Before Correction Then If UTC Time gt Data collection time Then UTC Time UTC Time Reference Period Endif Endif Argos GTS sub system Reference Guide Sept 2005 If you wish UTC Time can then be rounded to the nearest hour minute or second etc according to the following code Code Rounding times to the nea

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