Home

User Manual - Computer Science and Engineering

1. Cancelar Figure 30 Simulation Options Window The Simulation Options window counts with 4 selectable tabs Each tab s settings are shown as follows 12 1 Constants Constants in Icarus are those values that are used by the Icarus Physics Engine to calculate the forces at every simulation step and that do not depend from the scenario s configuration Every scenario can have a different set of simulation constants that are configured by the user and are kept when the scenario is saved http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 55 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 The following list describes each constant and their meaning Time Differential Indicates the time lapse between different discrete steps of the simulation The smaller the lapse the more precise will be the simulation while bigger lapses will allow a faster simulation Therefore a balance between performance and speed should be obtained with this value A negative differential can be used for backward simulation More Information Icarus Physics Engine Manual Gravitational Constant G Allows setting the Universal Gravitational Constant By default this value is set to the real G value However it can be modified to any other value More Information Icarus Physics Engine Manual Coulomb s Constant Allows setting the Coulomb constant By default this value is set to the real k value However it can be modified to
2. Figure 11 Scenario Properties Window http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 14 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 5 Scenario Types While creating a scenario in Icarus an scenario type describing the nature of the simulation must be selected This is used by Icarus to better guide the user to an easier usage of the interface Each scenario type allows restricts the insertion of different types of objects and determines which types of interaction rules can be added Besides it automatically configures the magnitudes constants and simulation settings that adjust better to the type of simulation required A brief description of each scenario type and its restrictions are shown below 5 1 Gravitation Allows simulating gravitational interactions between bodies with mass Allows inserting Mass Bodies Gravitational Interaction Rules Restricts inserting Charges Galaxies Electric Charges Magnetic Charges Electric Interaction Rules Magnetic Interaction Rules 5 2 Electromagnetism Allows simulating interactions between charges with other charges and magnetic and electric fields Allows inserting Charges Electric Charges Magnetic Charges Electric Interaction Rules http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 15 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Magnetic Interaction Rules Restricts inserting Mass Bodies Gravitational Interacti
3. WZ Regiones E Es nogatta Figure 13 Scenery Tab Upon selecting any element from this tab you will be able to see and modify the objects properties position velocity among others using the Properties Tab Figura 14 4 or directly from the Visualization Window Figura 14 3 More details about each of these windows can be found later in this chapter http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 18 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 It is important that auxiliary elements won t be visible during the simulation but will during Edit Mode 6 3 Context Menu of Objects Scenery All the Scenario objects and props provide a set of actions and options that can be used from this context menu that can be activated by right clicking on the object Objetos WZ Campos El ctricos 2 Campos Magn ticos rs Cargas HB Neutr Enfocar C mara HB Protor Acercar Camara Eliminar Renombrar Propiedades Context Menu From the context menu you can focus camera approach camera delete rename or see the properties of the selected object 6 4 3D Visualization Window At the 3D Visualization Window Figure 14 3 you can view the 3D representation of the created scenario You can also see navigate move the active camera ans select and move objects directly from this window The Visualization Window provides two modes of use each one with different actions that can be
4. ICARUS DOCUMENT ICARUS USER MANUAL Icarus User Manual Version 1 0 Revisions History Contents Table 1 Introduction 4 1 1 Purpose 4 1 2 Scope 4 1 3 Definitions Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 1 4 References 4 1 5 Website 4 2 What is Icarus 5 2 1 Who can use Icarus 5 2 2 What is a scenario 5 3 Installing Icarus 7 3 1 System Requirements 7 4 Acquainting with Icarus 9 4 1 Load a Scenario 9 4 2 Creating a new Scenario 11 4 3 Save Scenario 13 4 4 Changing the Scenario s Name and Description 13 5 Scenario Types 15 5 1 Gravitation 15 5 2 Electromagnetism 15 5 3 Galactic Simulations 16 5 4 Customized 16 6 User Interface 17 6 1 Objects Tab 17 6 2 Scenery Tab 18 6 3 Context Menu of Objects Scenery 19 6 4 3D Visualization Window 19 6 5 Properties Tab 19 Date 14 10 2010 6 6 Icons Bar 20 6 7 Menu Bar 20 6 8 Magnitudes Bar 21 7 Navigating Editing the Scenario 22 7 1 Navigation Mode 22 7 2 Edit Mode 23 8 Running the Simulation 25 8 1 Simulation Mode 26 8 2 Simulation Mode with Video Recording 26 9 Scenario Elements 28 9 1 Mass Bodies 28 9 2 Charges 31 9 3 Galaxies Error Bookmark not defined 9 4 Fields Electric Magnetic 37 10 Scenery 40 10 1 Cameras 40 10 2 Light Sources 43 10 3 Prop Decorative Object 45 10 4 Regions 48 11 Simulation Rules 51 11 1 Interaction Rules 51 11 2 Collision Rules 53 12 Simulation Options 55 12 1 Constants 55 12 2 Magnitudes 56 12 3 Numerical Repr
5. Camara 1 Figure 19 Camera 10 1 1 Setting the active Camera During Edit Mode http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 40 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 In order to use a camera use it as viewpoint you must select the Use this camera option Figure 24 from the context menu by right clicking over the scenery tab Escenografia E a C maras E Camara Manual a 2 Decoraci n Utilizar esta C mara H a Luces Y Regiones Renombrar Eliminar Figure 20 Setting the active camera During Simulation Mode The order and duration of each camera activation during Simulation Mode is determined by what was configured by the Camera Manager 10 1 2 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows Property Value Available in Scenario Types Todos Applicable Interaction Rules N A Applicable Collision Rules N A Can be moved with movement axes Yes Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode No Can be selected with the Mouse Yes Can be selected from the object s tab Yes http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 41 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 1 3 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the X component of the position Position Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the posit
6. Change 3D Shape buttons respectively x Nombre Carga_0 0 Ejemplos Pre Dise ados electron y Posici n gt pWelocidad _ p Previsualizaci n Eje x 77 2094 Eje x 0 Eje Y 30 3333 Eje Y 0 Ejez 8 77607 eZ fo y Caracteristicas _ Visualizaci n 7 Radio 1 Textura electron JPG La Masa 1 Forma sphere mesh Carga 1 Escala 1 Cambiar Forma Cambiar Textura Cancelar Figure 18 Insert Charge Window http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 32 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 9 2 4 Modifying a Charge To modify an already inserted mass body in the scenario you must first select it There are two ways of selecting such body Selecting it from the objects tab Figure 14 1 By clicking on it while in Edit Mode Upon selecting the object its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 The user can modify any of its attributes at will 9 3 Galaxies Galaxies in Icarus are formed by a set of non selectable nodes that represent the morphology of a modeled galaxy These nodes do not have mass nor produce interactions they are only attracted by the nucleus of the galaxis and of other galaxies depending on the Interaction Rules being used The mass of the galaxy is independent from the amount of nodes The more nodes the better visual model will result but this won t affect the final position
7. Icarus is physics simulation engine that allows visualizing 3D phenomena related to gravity and electromagnetism applied to mass bodies or point charges Icarus allows creating customized scenarios according the necessities of its users or loading previously created scenarios In Icarus Scenarios the user can add mass charged bodies and electric magnetic fields and establish their interactions Once the scenario is defined the user can initiate the simulation and watch its course in real time It can also be paused and observed from different angles 2 1 Who can use Icarus Icarus can be used as educational software focused to improve the learning of physics phenomena The following user profiles can benefit from its use Students Can easily visualize and configure in real time and 3D the solution of physics exercises Teachers Using a projector or in a laboratory can show students difficult to explain physical phenomena on board or on paper Researchers Can model real high complexity systems and get analytical results of extreme accuracy 2 2 What is a scenario An Icarus Scenario represents the set of bodies simulation configuration and video settings set by the user Everything that can be modified in Icarus is saved in the Scenario and therefore loaded in the future recovering the entire scenario s data Each Scenario in Icarus has a particular name that distinguished it from others there canno
8. E Escenograf a 22 Objetos Magnitudes en uso 7 Metro Kilogramo Segundo Coulomb Figure 12 Icarus Main Interface Objects Tab At the objects tab Figure 14 1 the user can find and select any of the objects created for the scenario All the new objects to be inserted can be found and selected in this tab The following types of objects can be found in the Objects Tab Charges Bodies Electric Fields Magnetic Fields Galaxies http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 17 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Each one of the object types will be shown hidden regarding the Scenario Type For example if the scenario has Electromagnetism type no entry for mass objects will be found in the Objects Tab Upon selecting any element from this tab you will be able to see and modify the objects properties position velocity among others using the Properties Tab Figura 14 4 or directly from the Visualization Window Figura 14 3 More details about each of these windows can be found later in this chapter 6 2 Scenery Tab In the Scenery Tab Figure 14 2 and Figure 15 you can find and select any of the auxiliary elements previously inserted Every auxiliary element on the scenario can be found and selected on this tab The types of elements that can be found in this tab are the following Cameras Props Lights Regions E C maras W W Decoraci n
9. that will allow indicating initial values for all the object s attributes The appearance of the object can be previewed before inserting it in the preview box at the right This preview will refresh when changing the texture or 3D shape To change the texture or 3D shape press the Change Texture o Change 3D Shape buttons respectively http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 29 de 70 User Manual http www icarus physics com Insertar Cuerpo Nombre Cuerpo_0 Posicion Eje X 71 8308 Eje y 49 086 Eje 2 57 7992 Velocidad Date 14 10 2010 x a Ejemplos Pre Dise ados Ejex fo Eje y 0 Ejez fo r Caracteristicas Radio 17 38 Masa 7349 m Visualizaci n Textura umbriel jpg Forma sphere mesh Previsualizaci n Escala 1 Cambiar Forma Cambiar Textura cancer Figure 17 Insert Body Window Modifying a mass body To modify an already inserted mass body in the scenario you must first select it There are two ways of selecting such body Selecting it from the objects tab Figure 14 1 By clicking on it while in Edit Mode Upon selecting the object its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 The user can modify any of its attributes at will Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 30 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 9 2 Charges Charges are points with no volu
10. 2010 7 Navigating Editing the Scenario Icarus provides the user with an interface that allows navigating and editing the scenario using the keyboard and the mouse in a simple and easy to understand setting To make it easier to learn different actions are divided into two different modes Edit Mode and Navigation Mode In Edit Mode the keyboard and the mouse are used to modify the position inclination and appearance of the elements of the scenario In the Navigation mode they are used to move and rotate the active camera To switch between both modes the user must press the Space Bar More information about their commands and features are shown as follows 7 1 Navigation Mode In Navigation Mode Figure 16 all commands from the keyboard and the mouse are used to move the active camera Besides the mouse pointer is hidden to allow a free camera movement To get back to Edit Mode the user must press the Space Bar rra Espaciadora Entrar a Modo Edicion Ba Fi Lista de Comandos Figure 14 Navigation Mode http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 22 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 The following table shows the commands that can be performed during this mode and their actions Command Action Mouse Movement Rotates the camera angle Left Click Go Forward Right Click Go Backwards Key A Go Left Key D Go Right Key W Go Up Key S Go Down Key Increase Ca
11. Rastros V e Grosor de L nea 1 0 0 Longitud M xima 1000 Figure 38 Traces Tabs In order to visualize the traces from the objects trails you must first enable traces in the check box within this tab Then you must select which objects are to leave a trace by selecting such objects and activate their traces as shown in Figure 43 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 64 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 x Espectrometro de Masas Icarus Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda Oe gt we EFA Propiedades Escenografia Modo Edicion Proton y E ra C maras WZ Decoraci n Y Luces 100 0 Regiones 20 0 Proton Caracter sticas Radio Masa Carga Apariencia Forma 3D Textura 22 0 50 0 0 00000 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 sphere mesh proton JPG Activa Desactiva mostrar el rastro del objeto al moverse en el transcurso de la simulaci n Barra Espaciadora Entrar a modo Navegacion CTRL Fi Lista de Comandos 22 Escenograf a Coulomb Metro Kilogramo Figure 39 Enabling an object s trace Magnitudes en uso By doing this you can decide which objects will leave a trace and which will not You can also define a different color for each one In Figure 44 an example is shown of a charge s trace while trapped in a magnetic field during a simulation MM ventana de Simulacion
12. To add a new rule you must first select the interaction type The list of possible interaction types depend on the scenario type Once you select the interaction type the Collisions Manager will show a list of possible interacting objects Once the three component of a rule are selected you can press the Add button and add the new rule to the list It is not possible to add repeated rules 11 2 4 Delete Rule To delete a rule you must first select it from the list by clicking on it Them you must press the Delete key If you wish to clean the whole list you can press the Clean List button http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 54 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 12 Simulation Options Icarus allows the user changing almost every variable used to configure the simulation This configuration includes the constants magnitudes numerical representaion and performance settings In order to configure the simulation options you must first open the Simulation Options window Figure 34 by selecting the next option from the Icarus menu Options gt Simulation Options Opciones de Simulaci n x Configuraci n del Motor de Simulaci n Magnitudes Representaci n Num rica Constantes Performance Diferencial de Tiempo 0 1e 4 Constante Gravitatoria 0 667428e 10 Constante de Coulomb 0 8987551744e10 m Tiempo Total de Simulaci n 0 Ilimitado gt Sr
13. ambient light but this can be deleted or changed at will Luz Ambiente Figure 21 Light Source 10 2 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows Property Value Available in Scenario Types All Applicable Interaction Rules N A Applicable Collision Rules N A Can be moved with movement axes Yes Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode No Can be selected with the Mouse Yes Can be selected from the object s tab Yes http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 43 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 2 2 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the X component of the position Position Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the position Position Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the position Intensity Indicates the light s intensity Range Indicates the light s maximum reach distance Constant Indicates how the light intensity diminishes in every position Attenuation Lineal Indicates how it diminishes linearly with the distance Quadratic Indicates how it diminishes as the square of the distance Color Indicates the color of the light generated by the light source Activate Indica if the selected light is the active light 10 2 3 Inserting a Light Source To insert a light the
14. an unit scale scale 1 the radius is equivalent to its representation in the screen The radius is also used to evaluate collision rules Mass Indicates the mass of the object Indicates the 3D Shape to assign Any mesh shape file can be 3D Shape used or added to the list of shapes By default it is set to spherical Texture Indicates the object s texture Any texture from the list or any http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 31 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 image files can be used By default it is set to solid white Indicates the visual scale multiplier of the object It only affects the object s visualization and does not affect the simulation Scale nor its results Doubling the scale will double the visible size of the object By default it is set to 1 Charge Indicates intensity and sign of the charge 9 2 3 Inserting a Charge To insert a Charge the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Charge By selecting this option a new insert body window will appear Figure 21 that will allow indicating initial values for all the object s attributes The appearance of the object can be previewed before inserting it in the preview box at the right This preview will refresh when changing the texture or 3D shape To change the texture or 3D shape press the Change Texture o
15. any other value More Information Icarus Physics Engine Manual Total Simulation Time Indicates the total simulation time lapse When the elapsed time reaches this value the simulation will stop This is especially useful for recorded simulations n n Insert O for infinite time 122 Magnitudes Magnitudes define the unit types to be used in the scenario In order to allow different types of scenarios with different time differentials charge and mass units Icarus allows configuring each one of these units using multiples of Meter Gram Second Coulomb Constantes Performance Magnitudes Representaci n Num rica Unidad de Distancia a Unidad de Masa Kilogramo Unidad de Tiempo segundo Y Unidad de Carga Coulomb z e le e le Figure 31 Magnitudes Tab http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 56 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 The magnitudes in use only affect the representation of numbers When the user changes a unit type all numeric attributes in the scenario that relate to that type are converted to preserve their relation As a result a change in a unit type will not affect the result of a simulation The unit types currently used can be visualized in the bottom bar of the main interface Figure 14 7 12 3 Numerical Representation Icarus allows defining how the numbers are represented in the interface and the visualization window The numerical representation do
16. n Gr fica x Opciones de Configuraci n Gr fica Opciones de Video vectores Escenario Rastros Pantalla Completa Resoluci n de video 640 x 480 32 t y 0 Frecuencia de Actualizaci n feo Hz Distancia M xima de Visi n 1e 008 m Opciones de Posproceso 0 I Glow HDR Tonemapping e le I Gaussian Blur Aceptar Figure 34 Display Options The Simulation Options window counts with 4 selectable tabs Each tab s settings are shown as follows 13 1 Video Settings The video settings allow configuring the video output options on Icarus Each settings in this tab are described as follows 13 1 1 Full Screen Allows displaying the simulation window in full screen once the simulation is started http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 60 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 13 1 2 Video Resolution Allows defining the video resolution during the simulation 13 1 3 Refresh Rate Allows defining the refresh rate for the edition and simulation modes It won t affect the recorded simulation mode 13 1 4 Max Visualization Distance Indicates the maximum visualization distance of an object regarding the active camera The objects situated further from this value won t be visualized 13 1 5 PostProcessing Options Allows activating video postproduction effects Enable Disable these effects at will 13 2 Vectores Vectors are elements that allow showing f
17. of the galaxy center at the end of the simulation The user must choose the amount of nodes that result in both optimal visual quality and optimal performance Using more nodes more computational demand is required to run each simulation step To generate simulations with a high visual quality the usage of Simulation with Video Recording is encouraged These recordings are independent from the time taken for the CPU to simulate each step and the generated video will display at a constant fluid rate 9 3 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows Property Value Available in Scenario Types Galactic Simulation Customized Applicable Interaction Rules Galaxy Galaxy Gravity Galaxy Galaxy Pause Applicable Collision Rules Galaxy Galaxy Merge Can be moved with movement axes No Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode Yes Can be selected with the Mouse Yes Can be selected from the object s tab Yes 9 3 2 Attributes http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 33 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the X component of the position Position Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the position Position Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the position Velocity X Axis Indicates the X component of the initia
18. performed over them Edit Mode Allows selecting and moving objects Navigation Mode Allows navigating moving the active camera through the scenario and change the point of view 6 5 Properties Tab At the Properties Tab Figure 14 4 you can modify all the attributes from the selected object element Besides when an attribute is selected you can see a context help that indicates its meaning http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 19 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 6 6 Icons Bar En la barra de conos Figura 14 5 se encuentran los conos que permiten desarrollar varias acciones al hacerles un clic A continuaci n se describe el nombre y acci n de cada cono Icon Name Action D nos New Invokes the New Scenario Window cenario gt Open Scenario Invokes the Open Scenario Window El Save Scenario Saves the current Scenario Simulation Mode Switches to Simulation Mode More information about this mode can be found later in this Manual Simulation Mode Switches to Simulation Mode with Video Recording LS with Video More information about this mode can be found later Recording in this Manual Moves the camera towards the closest point of the X Go to X Axis Axis and points it towards 0 0 0 It is very useful to visualize the scenario from different angles without moving the camera manually F Go to Y Axis Same as Go to X Axis Zz Go to Z Axis Same a
19. the States Navigator Key Fi Display commands list Key R Revert simulation to the initial state Key B Reverse Simulation Key PageUp Increase Time Differential Key PageDown Decrease Time Differential Key V Display Vectors Key G Enable Disable simulation visualization This can be useful to quickly advance the simulation Key F Show FPS Key H Displays Hides the HUD Keys X Y Z Go to Axis X Y y Z respectively Change between Edit Navigation Modes Space Bar Only if the camera is lt Manual gt and doesn t point to any object 8 2 Simulation Mode with Video Recording Simulation Mode with Video Recording allows the user to record the simulation to a video file The recording is set to 1 frame per Simulation step making sure 24 frames per second are always reached http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 26 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 By selecting Simulation Mode with Video Recording a dialog will appear that allows selecting the codec to use and the file extension Once it is selected the simulation window will display Then the simulation will run just as in the normal Simulation Mode Once the simulation ends the user presses ESC or closes the window the video file is saved and can be opened by the user The recording can be used along the Camera Manager to allow following objects without imprecise mouse movements http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Mata
20. user can change them later There are two ways of creating a new scenario 4 2 1 Create a new scenario from the Icarus welcome window A new scenario can be created by selecting the option Create New Scenario from the Icarus welcome window Figure 2 4 2 2 Creating a new scenario from the main window The user can load an scenario selecting the File gt New Scenario Figure 6 option from the menu or by clicking the new file icon Figure 7 Sin Nombre Icarus Sin Nombre Icarus Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda O IES a A El A ESS ES Escenograf a Modo Edicion E Guardar Escenario Ctrl S Guardar Escenario Como E gg C maras Propiedades del Escenario WF Decoraci n Luces Salir W W Regiones Figure 6 New Scenario From Menu Figure 6 New Scenario from Icon http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 11 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Once selected a new scenario window will open Figura 8 In this window the user must first insert the name of the new scenario 8 1 and then choose the scenario type that will be used 8 2 A brief explanation of each scenario type will show in the text box below 8 3 Once all the options are defined the user must click on OK to create the new 8 5 Nuevo Escenario Nombre al Sistema Solar Tipo 2 Gr
21. 70 Date 14 10 2010 8 Running the Simulation Once you have finished configuring the scenario you can start the simulation When the simulation starts a new window opens Figure 19 where you can view the simulation in real time guided by the Interaction and Collision rules specified In the simulation window some of the auxiliary elements are hidden such as Cameras Lights Regions W ventana de Simulacion Modo Simulacion frranscurrido 13305 a Figure 16 Simulation Mode http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 25 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 During the simulation the user can pause and resume it at any moment The visualization will be guided by the settings of the Camera Manager More information about the Camera Manager will be shown later in this manual The user will only be able to move the camera manually if the active camera is configured as manual The elapsed simulation time can be seen at the bottom right corner There are two different simulation modes Simulation Mode y Simulation Mode with Video Recording Details about each one are explained as follows 8 1 Simulation Mode The following table shows the keyboard and mouse commands and their actions during Simulation Mode Command Action Key ESC Stop the simulation close simulation window Pause Resume simulation Key P It also generates a new state accessible from
22. Figure 40 Traces use example http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 65 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 The options included in the traces tab are described as follows 13 4 1 Enable Traces Allows enabling the visualization of moving objects traces during the simulation Once enabled they must be configured for each object individually and a color must be selected for each object Click on any object to enable this option 13 4 2 Line Thickness Allows defining the object s trace line thickness 13 4 3 Max Length Defines the length of the object s trace n n Once the max value is reached it starts erasing from the beginning http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 66 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 14 States Navigator In Icarus after running and stopping a scenario it comes back to the initial state from which it started However the user may want to continue editing it from an intermediate or final state To achieve this Icarus has a State Navigator Figure 45 It allows working on the initial intermediate and final states These are named based on the time on which they were saved Navegador de Estados x Seleccione un estado 0 034369999 054475002 0 93142998 1 2000901 Cancelar Figure 41 States Navigator The initial and final states are always saved automatically The intermediate states are saved every time the user presses the pau
23. Icarus Installer front page 3 1 System Requirements 3 1 1 Minimum Requirements The list of minimum system requirements to run Icarus are shown below Operating System Windows 2000 XP Vista 7 8 RAM Memory 256 Mb Free space in hard disk 50 Mb http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 7 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 CPU 1 0 Ghz GPU compatible with DirectX 9 0 The Multi threading option will only improve the performance if the processor has more than one core 3 1 2 Software Requirements The list of minimum software requirements to run Icarus are shown below It must be compatible with Direct3D and DirectDraw Microsoft NET Framework 3 0 or later Visual C Redistributable Package Icarus will install it if not present http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 8 de 70 Icarus User Manual Date 14 10 2010 4 Acquainting with Icarus The first window presented when executing Icarus is the welcome message Bienvenida a Icarus Simulador f sico 3D de alta precisi n x Crear un Escenario Cargar un Escenario nuevo predise ado Figure 2 Welcome Message Spanish The user can choose whether create a new scenario load an existing scenario or exit Icarus Each one of these options is explained below 4 1 Load a Scenario Icarus allows the user loading an existing scenario whether it is an example pre included
24. L Nuevo Escenario KE TL 2 EL Abrir Escenario Ctri 0 Escenograf a Modo Edicion GQ Guardar Escenario Ctri S Guardar Escenario Como E C maras ARPA 2 Decoraci n ropiedades del Escenario at Luces Salir gg Regiones Figure 8 Saving a Scenario from the Menu Figure 9 Saving an Scenario from the Icon 4 4 Changing the Scenario s Name and Description In order to change the Scenario s name and description after creating it you can accede the Scenario Properties window from the main menu Figura 12 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 13 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 A Icarus Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda o Nuevo Escenario a gt Abrir Escenario Ctri O PPM FTA m Guardar Escenario Ctri S Guardar Escenario Como Propiedades del Escenario Salir Figure 10 Scenario Properties Menu By selecting this option a new scenario properties window will open Figure 13 where the name and description can be changed Propiedades del Escenario gy x Nombre Espectrometro de Masas Tipo Electromagnetismo Descripci n Simula un instrumento para conocer la masa de una part cula Consta de dos partes 1 Selector de velocidad Dentro de una jaula met lica aislante interact an dos campos 1 2 Analizador de masa Conociendo la velocidad de las part culas que lograron atravezar Cancelar
25. ario configuration Magnitudes Representaci n Num rica Constantes Performance Nivel de Multi Threading Cantidad de Hilos fi I Algoritmo de Resoluci n Num rica Resoluci n Simple z Figure 33 Performance Tab http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 58 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 A description and examples of each performance setting are shown as follows 12 4 1 Multithreading level Thread count Indicates the amount of processing threads that will be used during the simulation Select the number that better adjusts to the amount of cores your processor has to obtain the best performance 12 4 2 Numerical Resolution Algorithm Indicates the finite differential numeric resolution algorithm to use The functioning of each algorithm is explained in the Icarus Physics Engine Manual http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 59 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 13 Display Options Icarus allows the user configuring the way that the Interface and Simulation screens will look Besides it allows activating auxiliary elements in the simulation such as force vectors and traces that add educational information to the basic visualization In order to configure the simulation options you must first open the Display Options window Figure 38 by selecting the next option from the Icarus menu Options gt Display Options Configuraci
26. avitaci n z m Descripci n Se crear un nuevo escenario configurado para la simulaci n de interacciones gravitatorias entre objetos con masa 3 4 Configuraci n Avanzada gt gt 5 cencelar_ Figure 7 New Scenario Window Optionally the user can accede to the scenarios advanced configuration 8 4 In this window Figure 9 the user can pre configure the magnitudes 9 1 and the time differential to use 9 2 More information about these variables can be found later in this manual Magnitudes a utilizar Distancia Terametra Masa toctogramo y Tiempo a toctosegundo y Carga LA Coulomb y 0 Diferencial de tiempo 2 08 Figure 9 Advanced configuration Window http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 12 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 4 3 Save Scenario Icarus allows saving the current scenario to be loaded later By saving all the scenario s bodies and settings are saved Therefore while loading a saved scenario the user recovers the exact state in which the scenario was saved A scenario can be saved by selecting the menu option File gt Save Scenario Figure 10 or clicking over the Save Scenario Icon Figure 11 Sin Nombre Icarus Sin Nombre Icarus Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda
27. corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Scenery gt Light By selecting one of these options a light by default will be added 10 2 4 Modifying a Light Once the light source was added you can modify it only after selecting it You can select a field by either Selecting it from the Scenery tab Figure 14 1 By clicking it during Edit Mode Upon selecting it all its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 44 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 3 Prop Decorative Object Props are elements that can be inserted into the scenario only for visual purposes They do not affect the simulation or the interface They are not selectable from Edit Move and do not impede the selection of other objects They are useful to represent objects that won t interact with the simulation but serve as a visual aid to understand the simulated problem Figure 22 Prop example a Faraday cage 10 3 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows Property Value Available in Scenario Types Todos Applicable Interaction Rules N A Applicable Collision Rules N A Can be moved with movement axes Yes Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode Yes Can be selected with the Mouse No Can be selected from the object s tab Yes http www icarus phy
28. dicates the component X of the Field s Lower Bound Axis Lower anes Indicates the component Y of the Field s Lower Bound rower ies Indicates the component Z of the Field s Lower Bound a Indicates the component X of the Field s Upper Bound Ba ae Indicates the component Y of the Field s Upper Bound cares Indicates the component Z of the Field s Upper Bound Indicates the intensify of the field Each one of the 5 possible combinations of Nature Shape has a Intensit different magnitude unit for this attribute More information on Y each magnitude can be found later in this manual The more absolute value the stronger force will be produced on each charge affected by it Color Indicates the representation color of the field By default it will be set as light blue Indicates the visual scale multiplier of the object It only affects the object s visualization and does not affect the simulation Scale nor its results Doubling the scale will double the visible size of the object By default it is set to 1 9 43 Inserting a Field To insert a field the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 38 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Insert gt Field gt Electric gt Lineal Insert gt Field gt Electric gt Superficial Insert gt Field gt Electric gt Uniform Insert gt Field gt Magnetic gt Li
29. e 14 10 2010 9 3 4 Modifying a Galaxy Icarus does not allow the modification of the galaxy s attributes once it is inserted yet 9 4 Fields Electric Magnetic Fields in Icarus have visual representations that allow the user view the select the and have a notion of its direction and limits Upon selecting a field you can visualize the flow of arrows that indicate its direction and sign These also remain visible during the simulation You can define bounds for each field For example those separated by a Faraday cage The bounds are visible in the sense that no arrows will be displayed outside these limits These limits are only defined by a region aligned to the normalized axis No angles limits can be defined The bounds of the field define a spatial region within which the field interacts with charges as long as Interaction Rules are set Outside these limits no interaction with the field is calculated The fields are defined by its nature Electric or Magnetic and its shape Superficial Lineal or Uniform The possible combinations are illustrated in the following table Electric Magnetic Superficial Si No Uniform Si Si Lineal Si Si Inducted by Current 9 4 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows http www icarus physics com Property Value Available in Scenario Types Electromagnetism Customized Applicable Interaction Rules C
30. ectado por Tipo de Interacci n Es afectado por Tipo de Interacci n Electron Proton El ctrica Electron Proton El ctrica Proton Electron El ctrica e 3 E lt Figure 27 Unilateral Rule Figure 28 Reciprocal Rule 11 1 2 Add Rule To add a new rule you must first select the interaction type The list of possible interaction types depend on the scenario type Once you select the interaction type the Interactions Manager will show a list of possible interacting objects Once the three component of a rule are selected you can press the Add button and add the new rule to the list It is not possible to add repeated rules 11 1 3 Delete Rule To delete a rule you must first select it from the list by clicking on it Them you must press the Delete key If you wish to clean the whole list you can press the Clean List button http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 52 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 11 2 Collision Rules Collision Rules in Icarus allow defining an action in case two objects or an object and a region contact each other The list of rules is evaluated for each simulation step Therefore the more rules to be evaluated the more computing time will each step demand To review the collision rules list or add remove a rule you must first open the Collisions Manager Window Figure 33 by selecting the following option from the Icarus Menu Tools gt Co
31. el tipo de Escenario 1 Electromagnetismo h Escenarios almacenados 2 Ejercicio 10 Ejercicio 8 Espectrometro Alfa spectrometro de Masas Selector de Velocidad Selector de Velocidad Alfa Descripci n 3 Previsualizaci n 4 Simula un instrumento para conocer la masa de una part cula Consta de dos partes 1 Selector de velocidad Dentro de una jaula met lica aislante interact an dos campos uno el ctrico y otro magn tico Existe una velocidad de equilibrio definida por v B E por la cual una particula ingresando por el orificio de un lado cruza por el otro sin desviarse Cualquier otra velocidad produce desviaciones que se filtran al contacto con las paredes de la caja sl Figure 4 Open Scenario from Icon x ul Abrir Cancelar Figure 5 Open Scenario Window The user can select now one of the scenarios from the list 5 2 After choosing a scenario its description is displayed 5 3 along with a preview image 5 4 Once the scenario is selected the user must click the Open button 5 5 to load the scenario http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 10 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 4 2 Creating a new Scenario Icarus allows creating a new scenario from the predesigned templates for each type of scenario These templates have the initial configuration by default that are adequate for each type of scenarios although the
32. es not affect the simulation results nor the data involved Constantes Performance Magnitudes Representaci n Num rica Modo de Representaci n Modo Cientifico Modo Extensivo 0 Cantidad de decimales a mostrar Me Figure 32 Numerical Representation Tab The following list describes representation mode and and their meaning Scientific Notation Indicates that the scientific numerical display will be used Syntax Mantissa e Exponent Example 1 23e 10 Extensive Notation Indicates that the extensive numerical display will be used Syntax Number Example 1 00025 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 57 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Decimals to Display Allows limiting the amount of decimals after the comma to be shown Important This will not affect the simulation precision as it only limits its representation on the screen Example taking the number 0 123456789 shown in Extensive Notation and Scientific Notation With 2 decimals to display 0 12 1 2e 1 With 5 decimals to display 0 12345 1 2345e 1 With 9 decimals to display 0 123456789 1 23456789e 1 With 12 decimals to display 0 123456789 1 23456789e 1 12 4 Performance Icarus allows configuring its performance options that could optimize the speed and efficiency of its simulation engine The efficiency of these options depends on the hardware capabilities and on each scen
33. esentation 57 12 4 Performance 58 13 Display Options 60 13 1 Video Settings 60 13 2 Vectores 61 13 3 Scenario Tab 63 13 4 Traces 64 14 States Navigator 67 14 1 States Generation 67 14 2 Goto State 68 15 Camera Manager 69 15 1 Manual Mode 70 15 2 Director Mode 70 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 3 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 User Manual 1 Introduction 1 1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to describe the capabilities functioning use and installation of Icarus High Precision 3D Physics Simulator 1 2 Scope In this document we discuss the meaning and use of a scenario in Icarus which elements that it includes how it is configured how to start a simulation how it is optimized and how to visualize and edit it It also presents the interface that allows the user edit and navigate the scenario easily Some of the images used are taken from the Spanish version of this manual 1 3 Definitions Acronyms and Abbreviations IPE Icarus Physics Engine Scenario the set of bodies objects scenery simulation configuration and video settings editable by the user 1 4 References Icarus Physics Engine Manual English doc 1 5 Website In Icarus website you can freely download the latest version of its software http www icarus physics com http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 4 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 2 What is Icarus
34. exture or 3D shape To change the texture or 3D shape press the Change Texture o Change 3D Shape buttons respectively http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 46 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Insertar Objeto Decorativo Nombre Jaula de Faraday 0 m Posici n m Previsualizaci n Ejex 4 16242 Rey 87 76558 Ejez 37 6577 m Visualizaci n Textura Forma box_metal mesh Tama o 1 z Cambiar Forma Cambiar Textura cancelar Figure 23 Insert Prop Window 10 3 4 Modifying a Prop Once the light source was added you can modify it only after selecting it You can select a field by either Selecting it from the Scenery tab Figure 14 2 By clicking it during Edit Mode Upon selecting it all its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 47 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 4 Regions Regions in Icarus are imaginary boxes defined by Upper and Lower XYZ bounds and aligned to the axes that allow determining at any moment of the simulation if an object is inside outside it Regions can only be used to define collision rules These rules allow pausing the simulation when an object collides with any of these regions For example we can define regions to represent the shape of an already inserted prop prop such as the Faraday Cage Figura 26 we can
35. harge Electric Field Electric Applicable Collision Rules Charge Magnetic Field Magnetism Can be moved with movement axes Yes Lineal Si Superficial No Uniform Can be rotated with movement axes Si Todos Visible in Simulation Mode Yes Can be selected with the Mouse Yes Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 37 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Can be selected from the object s tab Yes 9 4 2 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the component X of the position of the reference point of the field in space only for lineal and superficial Indicates the component Y of the position of the reference point of the field in space only for lineal and superficial Indicates the component Z of the position of the reference point of the field in space only for lineal and superficial Direction Indicates the component X of the field s direction in lineal X Axis fields it only indicates the direction of the electric current Direction Indicates the component Y of the field s direction in lineal Y Axis fields it only indicates the direction of the electric current Direction Indicates the component Z of the field s direction in lineal Z Axis fields it only indicates the direction of the electric current Lower Bound X Position Y Axis Position Z Axis In
36. in Icarus or one created by the user This allows designing an scenario and load it later to use or simulate it for example during a lecture There are two ways of loading an scenario 4 1 1 Load an scenario upon starting Icarus You can load an scenario by selection the option Load an example scenario from the Icarus welcome window see Figure 1 4 1 2 Loading an scenario from the main window The user can load an scenario selecting the File gt Open Scenario Figure 3 option from the menu or by clicking the load file icon Figure 4 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 9 de 70 Icarus User Manual Sin Nombre Icarus Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda Date 14 10 2010 Sin Nombre Icarus Herramientas Insertar Opciones Ayuda D Nuevo Escenario w Guardar Escenario Ctrl S I Guardar Escenario Como Propiedades del Escenario Salir Figure 3 Open scenario from Menu Els Abrir Escenario cno EEE Eso PRZFZA Modo Edicion WZ C maras W W Decoraci n Luces WZ Regiones Once selected a Open Scenario will open Figure 5 In this window the user should first choose the type of scenario 5 1 that he she wishes to load Upon selecting it a list with the existing scenarios from that type will load and display Abrir Escenario Seleccione
37. ine more than one camera pointing to a fixed place or following an object Then you must define their order and activity time for each one Figure 46 shows an example of a director mode of camera usage http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 70 de 70
38. ion Position Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the position Indicates the time that the camera will remain active during Simulation Mode The order in which each camera will be activated depends on what is configured in the Camera Manager Indicate 1 for infinite time Time Lapse Indicates to which body charge galaxy the camera will constantly follow If you select an object the camera will follow and focus it and cannot be manually moved Indicate lt Manual gt to allow for a free camera movement it won t follow any object Point to 10 1 4 Inserting a Camera To insert a Camera the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Scenery gt Camera By selecting one of these options a camera by default will be added 10 1 5 Modifying a Camera Once the camera was added you can modify it only after selecting it You can select a field by either Selecting it from the Scenery tab Figure 14 1 By clicking it during Edit Mode Upon selecting it all its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 42 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 2 Light Sources Light sources lights are elements that allow the user create an adequate light settings for the scenario It is possible to define its intensity its attenuation and its color By default all scenarios are created with an
39. iptic Galaxies Es el factor que determina la forma de las galaxias el pticos Definido por Hubble es un n mero real de 0 a 7 donde 0 es una forma perfectamente esf rica y 7 representa una galaxia casi plana 9 Edges Count Only for Elliptic Galaxies Determines inversely the separation between the edges of the elliptic galaxy The more edges the more uniform will the galaxy result Adding more edges may require adding more nodes to maintain the nodes density 10 Generate and Preview Galaxy Once all the factors are configured the user may press the Generate button By doing this the new galaxy is generated and matured this may take some minutes Once this process finishes the new galaxy can be previewed in the box at the right If the result was not satisfactory the user can change one of its attributes and generate it again without inserting the intermediate results into the scenario 11 Defining Color and Angle After generating a galaxy the user may define its color and insertion angle The color can be chosen from the menu at the bottom The angle can be manually defined or automatically defined by the galaxy s speed If it is defined as a function of the speed the galaxy will have a parallel inclination to its velocity 12 Insert Galaxy To insert a galaxy into the scenario it only takes to click the Add button http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 36 de 70 Dat
40. is Indicates the Z component of the velocity Indicates the radius of the object All objects with a Radius property are considered spherical in the simulation even though its 3D shape is not spherical Therefore using a non spherical shape won t affect the Radius http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 28 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 simulation s result The radius defined for the object affects the size of its display In an unit scale scale 1 the radius is equivalent to its representation in the screen The radius is also used to evaluate collision rules Mass Indicates the mass of the object Indicates the 3D Shape to assign Any mesh shape file can be 3D Shape used or added to the list of shapes By default it is set to spherical Indicates the object s texture Any texture from the list or any Texture image files can be used By default it is set to solid white Indicates the visual scale multiplier of the object It only affects the object s visualization and does not affect the simulation Scale nor its results Doubling the scale will double the visible size of the object By default it is set to 1 9 13 Inserting a mass body To insert a mass body the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Body By selecting this option a new insert body window will appear Figure 20
41. l velocity Velocity Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the velocity Velocity Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the velocity Indicates the Galaxy s nucleus radius The nucleus radius is user to group the majority of nodes within the center at the Nucleus Radius moment of its generation The radius of this nucleus does not affect the visualization as it is only used to evaluate collision rules Mass Indicates the mass of the galaxy Color Indicates the color of the galaxy 9 3 3 Generating a Galaxy To generate and insert a Galaxy the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Galaxy By selecting this option a new insert galaxy window will appear Figure 22 that will allow indicating initial values for all the galaxy s attributes Icarus Galaxy Generator allows the user generating a galaxy from a completely customizable configuration You can start by selecting one of the pre generated examples or starting a new one from scratch Each one of the steps and parameters for the generation of a new galaxy are shown as follows 1 Select Galaxy Type The user can choose between three different types of galaxies according to the Hubble s classification Spiral Elliptic and Barred 2 Galaxy Mass The mass of the galaxy won t affect its initial appearance but will affect the radial velocity of its nodes the more mass the faster its nodes ha
42. llisions Manager Administrador de Colisiones x Colisiones a Evaluar TN Nueva colision a evaluar Objeto 1 Objeto 2 Accion Proton Region_0 Pausar Simulaci n Accion Proton Region_1 Pausar Simulaci n Pausar Simulaci n y Proton Region_2 Pausar Simulaci n Proton Region_3 Pausar Simulaci n Objeto 1 Proton Objeto 2 Regiono ie Agregar impor Lito _ Figure 29 Collisions Manager 11 2 1 Rules List In the list of rules you can see which collision rules have already been inserted Collision rules in Icarus have the format Object 1 Object 2 Action Object 1 One of the objects to evaluate Object 2 The other object region to evaluate Action The type of action that will be automatically performed as soon as the two objects contact each other Collision rules are reciprocals and only one rule should be added to evaluate a collision between two objects http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 53 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 11 2 2 Actions There are two diferent types of action that can be performed as soon as the two objects region contact Merge objects Only for gravitational scenarios The two objects are merged using a center of mass method to sum their masses radiuses velocities and positions Pause Simulation The simulation is automatically paused letting the user resume it by pression the P Key 11 2 3 Add Rule
43. lues for all the region s attributes http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 49 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Insertar Region x Nombre Region_1 Limites Inferiores gt r Limites Superiores Ejex 50 Ejex 50 Eje y so Eje y so Ejez 50 Ejez 50 Cancelar Figure 25 Insert Region Window 10 4 4 Modifying a region Once the region was added you can modify it only after selecting it You can select a field by either Selecting it from the Scenery tab Figure 14 2 Upon selecting it all its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 50 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 11 Simulation Rules Simulation Rules in Icarus define the forces to be evaluated between the objects and fields of the scenario There are two types of simulation rules Interaction Rules Collision Rules Both types are defined as follows 11 1 Interaction Rules Interaction rules define which elements will interact between each other during the simulation They also define what kind of interaction will these elements exchange The list of rules is evaluated for each simulation step Therefore the more rules to be evaluated the more computing time will each step demand More information about how these rules work can be found in the document Icarus Physics Engine Manual To review the interactio
44. me that interact with both electric and magnetic forces They have the same attributes as the mass bodies but also have charge 9 2 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows Property Value Available in Scenario Types Electromagnetism Customized Charge Charge Electric Applicable Interaction Rules Charge Electric Field Electric Charge Magnetic Field Magnetism Applicable Collision Rules Charge Region Pause Can be moved with movement axes Yes Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode Yes Can be selected with the Mouse Yes Can be selected from the object s tab Yes 9 2 2 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the X component of the position Position Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the position Position Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the position Velocity X Axis Indicates the X component of the initial velocity Velocity Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the velocity Velocity Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the velocity Indicates the radius of the object All objects with a Radius property are considered spherical in the simulation even though its 3D shape is not spherical Therefore using a non spherical shape won t affect the Radius simulation s result The radius defined for the object affects the size of its display In
45. mera Speed Key Decrease Camera Speed Key F Show FPS Space Bar Go to Edit Mode show mouse pointer 7 2 Edit Mode In Edit Mode Figure 17 all keyboard and mouse commands are used to select and edit the elements on the Scenario To go back to Navigation Mode you must press the Space Bar Electron Barra Espaciadora Entrar a modo Navegacion TRL Fl Lista de Comandos Figure 18 Edit Mode http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 23 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 The following table shows the commands that can be performed during this mode and their actions Command Action Left Click Select an Object Right Click Rotate Camera Angle Over an Object Pulls Pushes the object towards away Left Right Click from the camera Key F Show FPS 7 2 1 Movement Axes If the user hold the Shift key after selecting an object its movement axes will appear like it is shown in Figure 18 Figure 15 Movement Axes over a Charge By left licking and holding the mouse over any of these axes the user can modify its position by moving it in parallel to the axis clicked By doing this the user can modify the object s position over an axis without changing the others If the same procedure is performed over an electric magnetic field you can rotate the direction of the field lines http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 24 de
46. meras Manager Administrador de C maras xj Orden de Filmaci n Camara_2 Camara_3 Camara_4 Camara Manual Bajar Subir Tiempo de Actividad de C mara 2 Modificar Aceptar Figure 42 Cameras Manager In the Cameras manager window the filming order is shown starting from the first camera to use on top and indicating the total activity time that it will use The cameras order can be changed the Up and Down buttons The activity time can be changed by changed its value and then pressing the Modify button In order to specify an infinite time indicate 1 Each camera management mode is shown as follows http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 69 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 15 1 Manual Mode The manual mode is defined by default when creating a new scenario In order to configure the manual mode you must define a unique camera with infinite time Figure 47 shows how to configure a manual camera Administrador de C maras x Orden de Filmaci n Bajar Subir m Tiempo de Actividad de C mara 0 1 000000 Modificar Aceptar Figure 43 Manual Mode Configuration 15 2 Director Mode The director mode is especially useful for video recorded simulations because based on the way that simulations are run using the manual camera can result in undesirable movements To make use of the Director Mode you must def
47. n rules list or add remove a rule you must first open the Interactions Manager Window Figure 30 by selecting the following option from the Icarus Menu Tools gt Interactions Manager Administrador de Interacciones x Lista de Reglas Nueva Regla Es afectado por Tipo de Interacci n 3 Proton Campo_Magnetico Magn tica ea aN Proton Campo_Electrico El ctrica P Proton Campo_Magnetico_2 Magn tica El ctrica y Objeto Afectado Proton y Afectado por campo_Electrico a Agregar Limpiar Lista Figure 26 Interactions Manager http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 51 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 11 1 1 List of Rules In the list of rules you can see which interaction rules have already been inserted Rules in Icarus have the format Object Influenced by Interaction Type Object Is the one that is influenced by the attraction repulsion force of the interaction Influenced by Is the object that will provoke the force over the influenced object Since rules are not reciprocal this object will not suffer a contrary force Interaction Type It determines the nature of the interaction that is being evaluated It can be gravitational electric or magnetic Since rules are not reciprocal it is necessary to insert two different and opposed rules for two objects to interact completely See Figures 31 y 32 Lista de Reglas Lista de Reglas Es af
48. neal Insert gt Field gt Magnetic gt Uniform By selecting one of these options a field by default will be added 9 44 Modifying a field Once the field was added you can modify it only after selecting it You can select a field by either Selecting it from the object s tab Figure 14 1 By clicking it during Edit Mode except uniform fields Upon selecting it all its attributes will appear in the properties tab Figure 14 4 http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 39 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 Scenery In this chapter you can find a detailed description of the functions and properties of every scenery element that support the visualization of the simulation like cameras lights and props and those that affect the simulation regions The attributes of a scenery element can be specified at the moment of inserting it from the insert menu item or from the properties tab after selecting them Except for props none of these elements are visible during the simulation in the scenario 10 1 Cameras Cameras in Icarus are the elements that define the position an angle from which the simulation is going to be seen during the simulation Several cameras can be created and the user can define intervals for each one to be activated See Camera Manager later in this manual At every moment only one camera can remain active Which is the point from which the simulation will be seen
49. nza Page 27 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 9 Scenario Elements Here is a detailed description of each element type that can be part of a Scenario The attributes of each element can be specified at the moment of insert it from the Insert menu from the menu bar or from the Properties Tab after selecting an object 9 1 Mass Bodies Mass bodies are objects that only interact with gravitational forces As their name indicates it they possess mass as main attribute and do not possess charge they are neutral 9 1 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows Property Value Available in Scenario Types Gravitation Custom Applicable Interaction Rules Body Body Gravitation Body Body Pause Applicable Collision Rules Body Body Merge Body Region Pause Can be moved with movement axes Yes Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode Yes Can be selected with the Mouse Yes Can be selected from the object s tab Yes 9 1 2 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the X component of the position Position Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the position Position Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the position Velocity X Axis Indicates the X component of the initial velocity Velocity Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the velocity Velocity Z Ax
50. on Rules Galaxies 5 3 Galactic Simulations Allows simulating interactions and collisions between galaxies Allows inserting Galaxies Gravitational Interaction Rules Restricts inserting Charges Electric Charges Magnetic Charges Electric Interaction Rules Magnetic Interaction Rules Mass Bodies 5 4 Customized Allows simulating any types of scenarios without restrictions Allows inserting Charges Electric Charges Magnetic Charges Electric Interaction Rules Magnetic Interaction Rules Mass Bodies Galaxies Gravitational Interaction Rules http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 16 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 6 User Interface 6 1 Once the scenario is loaded or created its configuration and objects are loaded and shown in the main interface Figure 14 Its components and functions are shown as following l0 x Archivo Opciones Herramientas Insertar Ayuda 6 Ose Pw ETEAS 4 Objetos Modo Edicion Electron b Campos El ctricos 2 Campos Magn ticos El Posici n EY Cargas E Y Electron Y 70 0 a Neutron Z 30 0 E Proton E Velocidad 0 0 0 0 0 0 El Caracter sticas Radio 1 0 Masa 1 0 Carga 1 0 El Apariencia Forma 3D sphere mesh Textura electron JPG Escala 1 000000 El Rastro v x 1 Especifica el componente X de la posici n Barra Espaciadora Entrar a modo Navegacion CTRL Fl Lista de Comandos
51. options that affect the visualization of the space and elements of the scenario Opciones de Video Vectores Escenario Rastros Escala Visual Color Ambiente A Imagen de Fondo spaces Color de Fondo na Velocidad de C mara E Tama o de ejes E 5 e e e fe Figure 37 Scenario Tab Each settings in this tab are described as follows 13 3 1 Visual Scale Allows setting the visualization scale for the size of objects in the screen It is useful to augment the apparent size of object that are too far away from each other This does not affect the simulation results 13 3 2 Ambient Color Allows defining the scenario s ambient color By default it is set to white 13 3 3 Background Image It allows specifying a background image for the scenario It will be visualized in the shape of a Skybox 13 3 4 Background Color Allows defining the ambient color for the scenario in case that no background image is selected 13 3 5 Camera Speed Defines the camera s movement speed It is expressed in units of distance per movement http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 63 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 action 13 3 6 Axes Size Allows defining the size of the Cartesian axes Indicate 0 to disable them 13 4 Traces In the Traces Tab Figura 42 you can configure the options that affect the objects trail visualization when they move through the simulation space Habilitar
52. orce intensity lines for each object in the simulation It has an educational value as it allows knowing the amount of force being exercised over every object charge Opciones de Video Vectores Escenario Rastros 0 0 Tipo Escala Color IV Aceleraci n 1 IV Velocidad 1 2 Fuerza Magn tica 1 V Fuerza El ctrica IF IV Fuerza Gravitatoria 55s Fuerza Total os e INN Figure 35 Vectors Tab In the visualization the vector is shown as a colored line that starts in the object and points towards the direction of the force and has a length equivalent to the intensity of the force In Figure 40 you can see an example of a force over a charge where the total magnetic force is represented in purple and the total electric force is shown in cyan http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 61 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 W ventana de Simulacion Modo Simulacion ESC Parar simulacion P Pausar simulacion Fi Lista completa de hotkeys Figure 36 Vectors use example In the vectors tab Figure 39 the user can select which forces velocities will be represented by activating the corresponding check boxes You could also define a scale that will increase its size linearly and a different color for each one http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 62 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 133 Scenario Tab In the Scenario Tab Figura 41 you can configure the
53. s Go to X Axis A Point camera Points the camera towards the coordinate origin towards origin 0 0 0 It is useful to recall the camera s angle 6 7 Menu Bar At the Menu Bar Figure 14 6 the user can accede to the rest of the available options All these options are shown as following Name Description Provides all the actions regarding the creation File i i loading saving and properties of the scenario Options Provides access to the simulation and video configuration windows Provides acces to the Interaction Rules Manager the Tools Collision Rules Manager the Camera Manager and the States Navigator More information on these http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 20 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 manager can be found later in this manual Allows inserting new elements objects to the scenario These elements can be objects galaxies charges electric fields magnetic fields regions ds cameras lights and props More information about each of these objects can be found later in this manual Help Contiene opciones de ayuda al usuario e informaci n sobre Icarus 6 8 Magnitudes Bar At the Magnitudes bar Figure 14 7 all the unit types currently used are displayed These units can be changed from the Simulation Options Window http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 21 de 70 Date 14 10
54. se P key 14 1 States Generation The following figure shows how the states are generated and placed in the states list http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 67 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 To 0 Ti T2 Te Time Elapsed from the beginning of the simulation In order to go to another state you must open the States Navigator window selecting this option on the Icarus Menu Tools gt States Navigator 14 2 Go to State The states navigator allows taking back advance a simulation to its initial final states of an already ran simulation It also allows saving intermediate states by pressing p during the simulation Each state is expressed in time units from the beginning of the simulation Once selected press Go to State to load it http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 68 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 15 Camera Manager Icarus allows two camera management modes Manual Mode The angle and position of the camera is changed manually using the mouse and keyboard during the whole simulation Director Mode The angle and position of the cameras are changed automatically during the simulation You can define more than one camera and the order in which they will be used In order to set the way in which the cameras will be used during the simulation you must open the Camera Manager window Figure 46 selecting this option on the Icarus Menu Tools gt Ca
55. sics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 45 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 10 3 2 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Position X Axis Indicates the X component of the object s position Position Y Axis Indicates the Y component of the object s position Position Z Axis Indicates the Z component of the object s position Size Allows increasing decreasing the size of the object Indicates the 3D Shape to assign Any mesh shape file can be 3D Shape used or added to the list of shapes By default it is set to spherical Indicates the object s texture Any texture from the list or any Texture image files can be used By default it is set to solid white Indicates the visual scale multiplier of the object It only affects the object s visualization and does not affect the simulation Scale nor its results Doubling the scale will double the visible size of the object By default it is set to 1 10 3 3 Inserting a Prop To insert a Prop the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Scenery gt Prop By selecting this option a new insert body window will appear Figure 27 that will allow indicating initial values for all the object s attributes The appearance of the object can be previewed before inserting it in the preview box at the right This preview will refresh when changing the t
56. stop the simulation as soon as any charge collides with the cage walls Figure 24 A Region in Icarus 10 4 1 Properties The properties of these objects are shown as follows http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 48 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Property Value Available in Scenario Types Todos Applicable Interaction Rules N A Body Region Pause Applicable Collision Rules Charge Region Pause Galaxy Region Pause Can be moved with movement axes Yes Can be rotated with movement axes No Visible in Simulation Mode No Can be selected with the Mouse No Can be selected from the object s tab Yes 10 4 2 Attributes A description of its attributes is shown as follows Attribute Description Lower ae Indicates the component X of the Field s Lower Bound Lower OS Indicates the component Y of the Field s Lower Bound Lower o Indicates the component Z of the Field s Lower Bound Upper Pound Indicates the component X of the Field s Upper Bound X Axis o Indicates the component Y of the Field s Upper Bound iS Indicates the component Z of the Field s Upper Bound 10 4 3 Insertando una regi n To insert a region the corresponding option should be selected first from the menu bar Insert gt Scenery gt Region By selecting this option a new insert body window will appear Figure 29 that will allow indicating initial va
57. t be two scenarios with the same name a description and a classification http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 5 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 The name and the description of the scenario can be changed by the user in any moment The classification from now on referred to as Scenario Type defines the purpose of the scenario at the moment of its creation and cannot be changed later There are 4 different types of scenario Gravitation Electromagnetism Galaxy Simulation Customized Each scenario limits the type of bodies that will intervene in the simulation This helps to a better understanding of the software and a better classification of the scenarios created http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 6 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 3 Installing Icarus In order to install Icarus in your computer first download the last version from http icarus physics com icarus downloads html Once downloaded execute the file and follow the installer s steps Instalar Icarus Simulador F sico 3D 504 xj Bienvenido al asistente de instalaci n de Icarus Simulador F sico 3D Este programa instalar Icarus Simulador F sico 3D versi n 1 20 Beta en su sistema Se recomienda que cierre todas las dem s aplicaciones antes de continuar Haga clic en Siguiente para continuar o en Cancelar para salir de la instalaci n Cancelar Figure 1
58. the collision occurs if the distance from each galaxy centers is less than the sum of their radii 4 External Radius The external radius is only relevant at the time of generating the galaxy and only determines the distance from the center of the galaxy to the farthest node This also determines the apparent size of the galaxy The higher the external radius the less density of nodes Therefore if you wish to maintain the nodes density while extending the galaxy size you should add more nodes http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 35 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 5 Node Count Indicates the amount of nodes that will form the galaxy With more nodes a better visual representation will be obtained However adding more nodes will affect the performance of the simulation e2 1 Maturity Indicates the simulation steps that will be ran exclusively over the generated galaxy before inserting it into the scenario This is necessary to give the galaxy s characteristic shape that cannot be obtained in one step Galaxies generated with more maturity will look more real compared to those non matured However maturing a galaxy will take some processing time 7 Arms Count Only for Spiral and Barred galaxies Indicates the amount of arms that the galaxy will have Each arm will consume additional nodes so the amount of nodes should be also increased 0 1 Elliptic Factor Only for Ell
59. ve to go around it and the intensity of the attraction with other galaxies http www icarus physics com Universidad Nacional de La Matanza Page 34 de 70 Date 14 10 2010 Generador de Galaxias Icarus xj Nombre Galaxia_0 0 Posici n _ Velocidad Eje x 70000 Eje fo Eje Z 30000 Tipo de Galaxia Espiral y Eje Xx 139 Eje y o Ejez 50 Caracter sticas Masa ass Radio del Nucleo izo tt lt Radio Externo 22027 t lt s Cantidad de Nodos 2520 0 Madurez 300 Cantidad de Brazos a Factor El ptico Cantidad de Aristas Ejemplos Pre Disefiados andromeda E Previsualizaci n Ajustes R pidos 7 Inclinaci n X Y 2 Color Ajustado a la velocidad Aplicar C manual p R of i Agregar Cancelar Figure 23 Icarus Galaxies Generator 3 Nucleus Radius The radius of the galaxy s nucleus determines several aspects of the galaxy i During generation the nucleus radius has more node density than in the galaxy arms This is allows better representing the mass distribution that exists in real galaxies where visible matter is highly concentrated in its center ii During visualization the radius has no effects whatsoever The internal radius is not visible by itself but betrayed by the higher density of nodes iii En the evaluation of Collision Rules

User Manual - Computer Science and Engineering

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents