Home

D-MOD2000 - GeoMotions, LLC

1. The use for the master and auxiliary output files is limited as D MOD2000 processes them and creates graphical output The processing results in creation of another set of auxiliary files used with various plot options as follows The first file created identified with the extension ACC contains acceleration time histories for the different layers in the profile The next file identified with the DPL extension contains the displacement time history computed for the layers Maximum values of acceleration strain normalized stress and normalized pore water pressure are saved in the file with the extension MAX The normalized shear stress time histories are saved in the file with the extension NTS Pore water pressure 5 calculations For most users graphical presentation of the results will suffice D MOD2000 Page No 5 We describe these output files as some Federal agencies e g United States Department of Energy require this level of documentation of ratio vs time histories are saved in the file with the extension PWP Strain and stress time histories for soil profile layers are stored in the files with the extensions STN and STS respectively The file with the extension VEL contains the velocity time history data All these files are ASCII text files thus they can be used with other software e g Microsoft Excel M etc to plot the results While advanced users and researchers prefe
2. Notes Bull references are provided in the References section of this manual N A Not Applicable o vertical effective stress PI Plasticity Index LL Liquid Limit OCR Overconsolidation Ratio k saturated hydraulic conductivity Er unloading rebound modulus of soil D MOD2000 Page No 157 B VNP Clay VTCA Clay A VTCB Clay x VTCC Clay VTCD Clay PLASTICITY INDEX 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 LIQUID LIMIT 70 80 90 100 Figure B 1 Plasticity Chart for Cyclically Degradable Clays Referred to in Table B 2 E Warrenton Oregon Silt PLASTICITY INDEX sun suit 0 10 20 3 TERI aaa 0 40 50 60 LIQUID LIMIT 70 80 90 100 Figure B 2 Plasticity Chart for Cyclically Degradable Silt Referred to in Table B 1 continued D MOD2000 Page No 158 Appendix C Evaluation of Rayleigh Damping Coefficients D MOD2000 Page No 159 D MOD2000 Page No 160 Role of Viscous Damping in Non Linear Analysis D MOD 2 solves the dynamic equation of motion in time domain using Newmark s f algorithm The dynamic equation of motion is typically written as M C t K u f t 1 where M C and K are the diagonal mass matrix viscous damping matrix and non linear stiffness matrix respectively f t is excitation at the base of the layer and u and are the displacem
3. Notes P B and s were determined by curve fitting of modulus reduction and damping curves published in references listed in this column Use spreadsheet in MKZ form to develop new sets of MKZ model constants Yr Tmol Gmo Where Gmo is the initial small strain shear modulus and Tmo is the shear stress at shear strain equal Ymo For design based upon generic parameters use y and Gmo to calculate Tmo D MOD2000 Page No 150 OWI Silt at depth of 6 m OWI Sand at depth of 6 m Percent Finer by Weight 10 1 0 1 0 01 0 001 Particle Size mm Figure A 1 Grain Size Distribution Curves for Liquefiable Sands and Silts Referred to in Table A 1 SHEAR STRESS t kPa SHEAR STRAIN 46 Figure A 2 Stress Strain Curves of Liquefiable Sands Referred to in Table A 1 D MOD2000 Page No 151 D MOD2000 Page No 152 Appendix B Generic Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants for Effective Stress Analysis D MOD2000 Page No 153 D MOD2000 Page No 154 Table B 1 Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants of the Pore Water Pressure and Degradation Models Sand and Low Plasticity Silt k Degradation Pore Water Material Reference Model Pressure Model Ye ft s v f p F s Banding Sand BS poorly graded commercially available sand D 40 4 Da0 1 C0 CTA yas 00 pee Dobry et al 1985 5 5x 10 1 0 1
4. C 2 Option 2 Soil Profile No 1 St Louis MO Cc 3 Option 4 Material Properties SHAKE 2000 Short Course Response Spectrum 4 Option 5 Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Layer 17 C Time Histories 5 Option 6 Saguenay Earthquake 1988 51 Component 000 C Compare Results of Several Analyses B Option 7 Saguenay Earthquake 1988 51 Component 000 Time Dependant Variables for Layer Other Analyses amp Utlities Options Earthquake Engineering Analyses amp Utilities X Automatically save EDT amp Input Files X Check input data before running D MOD Directory of Output Files ND MOD2000NDUTPUT T SI units Figure 1 D MOD2000 Main Menu Form EDT File The EDT file i e file identified by the EDT extension is the main working file of D MOD2000 This file stores data required for coordination of other input files required for execution of various D MOD2000 options No limit is imposed on the number of data sets for each option in this file However a total number of all of the options combined is limited to 32 000 Upon selecting options from EDT file the D MOD2000 INP input file is created by pressing the Save button The difference between an EDT file and other input files is that D MOD2000 options are saved sequentially beginning with option 1 and so on For example an EDT file for D MOD2000 could be composed by the options shown in Figure 2 Option 1 Master Control C
5. Spudich P Joyner W B Lindh A G Boore D M Margaris B M and Fletcher J B 1999 SEA99 A revised ground motion prediction relation for use in extensional tectonic regimes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 80 Number 5 pp 1156 1170 October 1999 D MOD2000 Page No 143 Stewart J P Chiou S J Bray J D Graves R W Somerville P G and Abrahamson N A 2001 Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance Based Design PEER Report 2001 09 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering University of California Berkeley September 2001 Stewart J P Liu A H and Choi Y 2003 Amplification Factors for Spectral Acceleration in Tectonically Active Regions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 93 No 1 pp 332 352 February 2003 Stewart Jonathan P Annie On Lei Kwok Youssef M A Hashash Neven Matasovic Robert Pyke Zhiliang Wang Zhaohui Yang 2008 Benchmarking of Nonlinear Geotechnical Ground Response Analysis Procedures PEER Report 2008 04 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering University of California Berkeley August 2008 Stokoe K H and Lodde P F 1978 Dynamic Response of San Francisco Bay Mud Proc Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics ASCE Pasadena California pp 940 959 Stokoe K H and Nazarian S 1985 Use of Rayleigh waves in liquefaction studies Proc Me
6. eese ennemi 49 Grain Size Distribution Curve Matching eese enne enne 50 Graphics Print Men er t eere t E RE LEER ertet elei eoe coe koe ile Ee EAE ENE 52 Graphics WirdOW 2 THERE Ue e eH eon Lee deed ere Hee ertt Leda reda 54 Ground Motion Attenuation Relations eese nennen nnne ener enne nen 55 Ground Motion Parameters uc e de eb RU ce RE decre ee 62 IBC Response S pectra iere eec e epe err EP RA EN ect ee teer heey 64 Import Acceleration Data si tier tt t t ie ben E e UE eret eee boe eee Pre aera 66 Input File Orders t ere iet tide ee etie 69 Legend Text eee Re e ede pt e ege dte ete ege eae 70 Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants eese eene nennen rennen 71 Mean Scaling Response Spectrum eese ener entren enr enn enne 12 MKZ Nonlinear Stress Strain Model esee eee enne nennen nennen nne 78 INFHRP Response S peCtra a cete ette etre terree Ueesteh eoe ace qe nep ep te p eeep ese thee eto ie prb n eee a 81 Newmark Displacement Analysis eese eene nennen ennt eterne enne 82 Newmark Displacement Ground Motion File eese eene nennen 84 Nonlinear Earthquake Response Analysis eese en rennen 87 Option Eit ec iter e eet lect sedie te enit esie iet ELE IRE EUH eee Pose oot e eL EH ce oodd 95 Options for Table of Results a coii edere eet dee eeepc 96 Plasticity Chart of Cyclically
7. 1 Santa Monica Beach Sand SMB clean dense sand similar to Monterey No 0 void ratio 0 56 D 75 V 867 ft s Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 0 00049 ymo 1 Silty Sand co 25 kPa or 552 psf Darendeli et al 2001 0 0002 ymo 1 Silty Sand co 100 kPa or 2 089 psf Darendeli et al 2001 0 0004 ymo 1 Silty Sand co 400 kPa or 8 354 psf Darendeli et al 2001 0 0008 ymo 1 Silty Sand co 1600 kPa or 33 418 psf Darendeli et al 2001 0 0016 ymo 1 Owi Island Sand Placed as hydraulic fill at depths ranging from 6 to 14 m b g s 18 lt fines lt 35 Darendeli et al 2001 0 001730 ymo 1 Owi Island Silt Placed as hydraulic fill at a depth of 6 m b g s 50 lt fines lt 85 96 Darendeli et al 2001 0 003300 ymo 1 MKZ Model Parameters p Ss 5 5 1 7 0 67 1 5 0 68 1 0 0 98 1 9 0 70 1 7 0 80 1 1 0 92 1 1 0 90 1 1 0 87 1 1 0 85 6 0 1 10 0 9 0 95 Notes P See Figure A 1 for grain size distribution of the WSA WSB CF PB and SMB sands and OWI Island hydraulic fills and Figure A 2 for stress strain curve plot B and s were determined by curve fitting of modulus reduction and damping curves published in references listed in this column Use spreadsheet MKZ model form to develop new sets of the MKZ model constants G Gino to calculate Tmo 9 o isotropic ef
8. 2 in 50 yrs C 1993 C CEUS C WUS C 5 in 50 yrs C 2003 C Al C C 10 in 50 yrs c Hazard Matrix hortCourse D MOD USGS Marysville_ PGA_2008 txt Ss Site Marysville 122 170 W 48 050 N USGS 2008 Return Period PGA Epsilon Interval 2475 years Mean Hazard wall GMPEs All Epsilon X 2008 USGS Seismic Hazard Maps Frequency Probability Region PGA e 2 C CEUS C 1Hz C 5 wUS fwus bd C 5Hz C 10 This form is used to retrieve the Peak Ground Acceleration from the files of gridded points used to make the 1996 1999 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps Frankel et al 1996 the updates of some of these maps Frankel et al 2002 U S Geological Survey 2003a and 2003b 2008 2010 and also to plot the results of the seismic hazard deaggregation for a site in the Conterminous United States For more information to view or to download these maps visit the USGS web site at http earthquake usgs gov research hazmaps The files used in D MOD2000 are for PGA with 296 596 or 1096 probability of exceedance in 50 years for the Conterminous United States Alaska Hawaii and Puerto Rico The original files are approximately 80 Mb in size For D MOD2000 the files have been reprocessed and reduced to a more manageable size and are installed in the USGSmaps subdirectory Please note that the program uses two sets of maps The 2008 and 2010 maps are included with the program for comparison purposes only i e a
9. Conver View Remove Reset Target Scale Plot Export Average Response Spectrum Description Match of Average to Target Spectra Target Spectrum Average Response Spectrum File C Program Files D MOD2000 default spa Attenuate 5 F 3 A EuroCode File of Acceleration Time History File No Time Scaling No Values No Motion Pair C Bc No Values Step Factor Header per Line Digits Identification c X ical sigmaspectra example 0141 270 at2 1 9387 005 1 fa 5 fis g141 270 2 4 a ped ser s X ica siomaspectra example O141 260 at2 2 8387 o5 fi fa 5 is parse fa IX Geometic Mean X ical sigmaspectra example 5080 270 at2 35 11031 005 1 4 5 15 5080 270 4 X T Match 1 i 4 nos oos 1 In 5 fis 5080 360 3 Comparison Data chnical sigmaspectra example 531 e at2 E 4150 M 1 4 5B fis fue Is Tmin 10 01 Tmax 5 Motion Selector Suite 1of10 Median RMSE 0 0501 Max Error 11 708 Std RMSE 0 3833 Sigma Inf 1 00 2 RMSE 3728 This form can be used to obtain the mean spectral acceleration response spectrum for a series of ground motion records The mean value can then be compared to a target spectrum in order to visually evaluate how well the shape of the average spectrum compares to the shape of the target spectrum A more detailed explanation about selecting ground motion records for analysis based on how well they match a target spectrum is given by B
10. D MOD2000 G Gmax Curves Database Help Close Clay Pl 0 G Gmax C1 CLAY PI 0 10 Sun et al 198 Clay Pl 10 G Gmax C2 CLAY PI 10 20 Sun et al 198 Clay Pl 20 G Gmax C3 CLAY PI 20 40 Sun et al 198 Clay Pl 40 G Gmax C4 CLAY PI 40 80 Sun et al 198 Clay PI gt 80G Gmax C5 CLAY PI gt 80 Sun et al 198 SandS1 G Gmax S1 SAND CP lt 1 0 KSC 3 11 1988 SandS2 G Gmax 2 SAND CP 1 3 KSC 3 11 1988 SandS3 G Gmax 3 SAND CP gt 3 0 KSC 3 11 1988 YB Mud G Gmax Young Bay Mud Sun et al EERC 88 15 Waste S amp M G Gmax Waste Material Singh amp Murphy 1990 To select a G Gmax curve click on the material to highlight it and then on the Choose command button You will return to the MKZ Non Linear Stress Strain Model form You can also double click on the material to select it and return to the MKZ model form Some of the curves included with D MOD2000 where obtained from the following references Sukhmander Singh and Bruce J Murphy 1990 Kavazanjian E Jr Matasovic N and Caldwell J 1998 Idriss L M Fiegel Gregg Hudson Martin B Mundy Peter K and Herzig Roy 1995 Gazetas G and Dakoulas P 1992 Seed H B Wong R T Idriss I M and Tokimatsu K 1986 Vucetic M and Dobry R 1991 Rollins K M Evans M D Diehl N B and Daily W D III 1998 Yegian M K Harb J N and Kadakal U 1998 Makdisi F I and Seed H B 1978 Schnabel P B 1973 Seed
11. Measured MKZ Model Difference MKZ Model DES ae i ee ee ee ee ee ee 29 85 4 no3 oss foooos 08 oss05 oo oses2 864 RR e ir RT A A pos os eee ea ee 25 i724 foo 073 joo e5 07323 on 62672 358 i heh Lo pee pee pies e Te 38 o1 0 23 031 fies a28 amp 221788 344 fe dos ee Sand Avg G Gmax SAND Average Seed amp Idriss 1970 Sand Avg Dsmping for SAND Average Seed amp ldriss 1970 n M S Dam ping 96 0 0 M 0 0 00001 0 0001 0 001 0 01 0 1 0 00001 0 0001 0 001 0 01 Strain 36 Strain 96 Measured MKZ Model Measured MKZ Model This form is used to calculate the modulus reduction and damping curves using the MKZ non linear stress strain model Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 It is also used to find the MKZ model parameters f and s by trial and error and to calculate stiffness proportional Rayleigh coefficients o and fy More detailed information about the Rayleigh coefficients is provided in Appendix C The required input is in blue for the MKZ model fit and in green to evaluate Rayleigh damping coefficients ar and Jp although the viscous damping term is shown in green it is also used in the MKZ model fit For D MOD 2 analysis use 0 1 lt lt 5 0 for most practical applications and
12. UBC Design spectra using the 1997 Uniform Building Code UBC method can be determined by clicking on the UBC button This button will display the UBC Design Spectra form Check to plot Once you have selected a response spectra option Attenuate NEHRP IBC Target UBC or AASHTO the corresponding option will be enabled i e will not be grayed out The purpose of this option is to allow the user to switch on and off the plotting of the response spectra For example if you have selected the NEHRP spectra and entered the coefficients an x will appear in the check box next to the NEHRP label This means that every time that you click on the Plot command button these spectra will be plotted together with any other spectra selected If you click on the check box the x will be removed and when you click on the Plot button the NEHRP spectra will not be plotted To plot them again just click on the check box again You don t need to re enter the coefficients The response spectra data can be saved to a text file by selecting the Save Spectrum Data option This text file can then be open with other applications e g Excel for further use The path and name of the text file can be changed by clicking on the command button with the folder icon next to the text box D MOD2000 Page No 118 Rp amp R Distance D MOD2000 Rjb amp Rx Distance Open Help m Distance R km R km km b k 7 0597 fo 7 1191 318 z 7 5779 275
13. e g 8F9 6 Examples of data saved in the ground motion files included with D MOD2000 and the format used to define them follow Format 4E15 7 1059027E 04 1461820E 04 1690261E 04 1506594E 04 D MOD2000 Page No 45 Format 8F9 6 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000001 From the format string D MOD2000 gets the number of digits that form each value and combines this number with the value entered in the Values Line box to determine the length of each value and the number of values to read from a ground motion file For more information on format types please refer to a FORTRAN Programming Language book After you have modified the information click on the Edit command button to include the new information on the database file You will be asked if you want to proceed with the changes However even if you accept the information on the d mod2000 eq file will not be changed until after you leave this form using the Ok command button Thus even if you have changed the information on several of the files but ultimately elect not to modify the information in the d mod2000 eq file click on the Cancel command button to cancel all of the changes To remove a file from the database click on the Delete command button You will be asked if you want to proceed with removal of the file s information or not Add Information about a New Ground Motion File To add information about a
14. 1 9685039 0 30479999 60 0 30 48 3 2808399 196 850394 100 0 0 508001 Meters minute 0 3048 D MOD2000 Page No 172
15. 122 775 W 47 021 N USGS 2008 6 Eps gt 2 1 lt Eps lt 2 0 lt Eps lt 1 Hijhest Eps htevalContrbutbn X Source to Site Distance km Y Contrbutbn to Hazard 6 Z Magniude Mw 150km 5 PGA z 5537 g for 2475 years Mean Hazard w all GMPEs D MOD2000 Page No 128 Please note that different colors are used for the graph bars These colors represent the interval of epsilon from the hazard matrix file that contributes the most to that pair For example a section of the results from the hazard matrix file for the above graph are shown below Deaggregation of Seismic Hazard at One Period of Spectral Accel Data from U S G S National Seismic Hazards Mapping Project 2008 version PSHA Deaggregation contributions site Lacey long 122 775 W lat 47 021 N Vs30 m s 760 0 some WUS atten models use Site Class not Vs30 NSHMP 2007 08 See USGS OFR 2008 1128 dM 0 2 below Return period 2475 yrs Exceedance PGA 20 5537 g Weight Computed Rate Ex 0 403E 03 Pr at least one eq with median motion gt PGA in 50 yrs 0 00011 This deaggregation corresponds to Mean Hazard w all GMPEs DIST KM MAG MW ALL EPS EPSILON 2 l EPS 2 O EPS 1 1 EPS 0 2 lt EPS lt 1 EPS 2 73 3 5205 0 631 0 437 0 194 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 53 2 5 05 0 162 0 162 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 01 0 8 80 0 397 0 194 0 203 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 62 4 9 00 4 569 0 733 2 918 0 918 0 000 0 000 0 000 01 0 9 00 1 663 0 6
16. Alternatively the program will D MOD2000 Page No 88 use the maximum acceleration value in SHAKE s Option 3 to calculate an acceleration scaling constant after reading the acceleration data from the ground motion file e D MOD requires the ground motion file to be in the FORTRAN F format e g 8F9 6 etc The program will display a warning message if any of the ground motion files in SHAKE s Option 3 is not in the F format but will not change the formatting of the file You will need to manually change the format of the file before using this ground motion file in the D MOD analysis e Based on the values in SHAKE s Option 4 the program will create a D MOD s Option 5 if the ground motion is assigned as an outcrop motion The program will also set the half space control number in D MOD s Option 1 to 1 to reflect this e For D MOD s Option 1 the program will by default assign layer number 2 as the top saturated layer and the last layer as the bottom saturated layer e In D MOD s Option 1 the analysis type control number will be set by default to 1 i e total stress analysis e If there are more than one set of a SHAKE option in the input file the program will create a D MOD option for each After importing the SHAKE information you need to review and modify the different D MOD options created to ensure the default data are appropriate for your D MOD analysis To differentiate the input file from the EDT d
17. Any other copying selling or otherwise distributing this software is hereby expressly forbidden All products and brand names are trademarks and or registered trademarks of their respective holders Export Law Assurances You agree that the software will not be shipped transferred or exported directly into any country prohibited by the United States Export Administration Act and the regulations there under nor will be used for any purpose prohibited by the Act If you do not agree to these terms and conditions please return the full product with proof of purchase within 30 days for a full refund minus shipping and handling costs D MOD2000 Page No vi D MOD2000 User s Manual D MOD2000 Page No vii D MOD2000 Page No viii Table of Contents D MOD2000 GGETESIS AH soweaggteeeets 1 ANT CHILE CUD 208 eite ot et ecules Set ea TS CEI Le Eod M tetur SSE eut utat Sas ta EE cU 2 ID cuit 2 BD Piles iere ER e e o di i es 3 Processing of Output Files eto mp E teer na edere ie nete ie eere dots 4 D MOD2000 Package Fotrtmns 4 rnit nere iens ree etc pe costes pet leere dee tutae o Pn n cH Sea eR ERI 7 AASHTO s Resporise Spectra 2 21 ede ge He OR eot eer Pee pee etre ce ede Ec Lee eee e o oot 9 Choose Output DiIrectOty u enin UuETDE 11 Company amp Project Information 2 toin tie d ette iec
18. Basically the program opens the file reads NHEAD number of header lines and then it will read the first line of data Next the program obtains the length of this line i e the total number of characters on the line Then it will use the NREC number i e the number of acceleration values per line to obtain the number of characters that form each value For example say that the length of the data line is 72 characters and the number of values per line NREC is 8 Thus each value will be formed by 72 8 9 characters Thus the program will create an acceleration value by selecting groups of 9 characters If there are any errors when plotting the time history it is likely due to reading of the data Check that the data lines are of uniform length A copy of the ground motion file is saved in the EDT file If you wish to restore the file click on the Restore command button A copy of the file with the same name will be then created in the same folder where the input file is saved D MOD2000 Page No 37 Database of Damping Ratio Curves D MOD2000 Damping Ratio Curves Database Help Close Clay Damping for CLAY Ma Soil Pl 0 Damping Soil with Pl 0 OCR 1 8 Vucetic amp Dobry JGE 1 91 Soil Pl 15 Damping Soil with Pl 15 OCR 1 8 Vucetic amp Dobry JGE 1 91 Soil Pl 30 Damping Soil with Pl 30 OCR 1 8 Vucetic amp Dobry JGE 1 91 Soil PI 50 Damping Soil with Pl 50 OCR 1 8 Vucetic amp Dobry JGE 1 91 Soil Pl 10
19. D MOD2000 Page No 91 determined based on the values entered in variables NC and NCPR of Option 6 The total number of points is partially determined by the NC variable i e the total number of numerical integrations to be performed If NC is set equal to the number of values in the ground motion input file then the entire accelerogram will be used to calculate the dynamic response of the soil column However the number of results in the output file is also determined by the values of the NCPR variable i e the partial number of numerical integrations to be performed prior to printing of time history values in the master output file For example if NC is set equal to the total number of values in the input ground motion and NCPR is set equal to 1 then results will be saved in the master output file at every time step Hence the time step for the results will be the same as the time step for the input ground motion The time histories are saved for each layer of the soil column If auxiliary output files were created for a specific layer then an additional file will be created that can be used for example in a Newmark Displacement analysis This file will have the extension of AHL and will save the acceleration time history data The file will have the same name as the output files plus the letter A followed by a number representing the number of the analysis conducted and the letter L followed by a number that corresponds
20. E Reading C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Parkfield TMB205 AT2 10 0 3 0 69956 Reading C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Parkfield TMB295 AT 2 v Reading C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Superstition Hills B SUP045 1 2 E 4 5 6 7 8 9 salna in enie2 v Interpolate period Remove Period Interpolation Reading C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Superstition Hills B SUP 135 Reading C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Victoria CPE045 AT 2 Reading C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Victoria CPE315 AT 2 Selecting suites Scaling suites a 1 10 Median RMSE 0 0704 Max Error 24 0343 Std RMSE 0 4838 Sigma Inf 1 00 Spacing Logarithmic v 2 10 Median RMSE 0 0708 Max Error 18 1245 Std RMSE 0 4769 Sigma Inf 1 00 0 01s 3 10 Median RMSE 0 0721 Max Error 21 8924 Std RMSE 0 4890 Sigma Inf 1 00 L 4 10 Median RMSE 0 0727 Max Error 26 8634 Std RMSE 0 4987 Sigma Inf 1 00 Maximum 10 00 s lt gt Number of Points 300 ORM RRRR 100 ETC 07 09 am Cance Compute After the library is created use the Select Path command button to select the path where the library of ground motion files is stored As shown on the previous form for this example the path selected would be c Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Then use the Number of motions in suite and Seed combination size options to select
21. January February 1997 Campbell K W 2000a Erratum Empirical Near Source Attenuation Relationships for Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration Peak Ground Velocity and Pseudo Absolute Acceleration Response Spectra Seismological Research Letters Volume 71 Number 3 May June 2000 Campbell K W 2000b Erratum Empirical Near Source Attenuation Relationships for Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration Peak Ground Velocity and Pseudo Absolute D MOD2000 Page No 137 Acceleration Response Spectra Seismological Research Letters Volume 72 Number 4 July August 2000 Campbell K W 2002 Development of Semi Empirical Attenuation Relationships for the CEUS USGS External Research Program Annual Technical Summary http erp Web er usgs gov reports annsum vol43 ni ni vol43 htm Campbell K W 2003 Prediction of Strong Ground Motion Using the Hybrid Empirical Method and Its Use in the Development of Ground Motion Attenuation Relations in Eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 93 No 3 pp 1012 1033 June 2003 Campbell K W 2004 Erratum Prediction of Strong Ground Motion Using the Hybrid Empirical Method and Its Use in the Development of Ground Motion Attenuation Relations in Eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 94 No 6 pp 2418 December 2004 Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2003a
22. Kilonewtons cubic meter kN m To convert from Centimeter second cm sec Feet second fps Meters second m sec Feet minute Grams square centimeter Kilograms square meter Pounds square foot Pounds square inch Tons short square foot Kilonewtons square meter Pounds square foot Pounds square inch Tons short square foot Meters of water Kips square foot Kilograms square centimeter Bars MegaPascals atmospheres Unit Weight To Kilograms cubic meter Pounds cubic inch Pounds cubic foot Kilonewtons cubic meter Grams cubic centimeter Pounds cubic inch Pounds cubic foot Kilonewtons cubic meter Grams cubic centimeter Kilograms cubic meter Pounds cubic foot Kilonewtons cubic meter Grams cubic centimeter Kilograms cubic meter Pounds cubic inch Kilonewtons cubic meter Grams cubic centimeter Kilograms cubic meter Pounds cubic inch Pounds cubic foot Velocity To Meters second Feet second Feet minute Meters second Feet minute Centimeters second Feet second Feet minute Centimeters second Centimeters second D MOD2000 Page No 171 1033 23 10332 3 2116 22 14 696 1 0581 101 325 20 886 0 145 0 01044 0 1020 0 02089 0 01020 0 01 0 001 0 00987 Multiply by 1000 0 0 036127292 62 427961 9 8039 0 001 3 6127292 x 10 0 062427961 9 80584 x 10 27 679905 27679 905 1728 271 37 0 016018463 16 018463 5 78703704 x 10 0 157099 0 1020 101 98 0 003685 6 3654 Multiply by 0 01 0 032808399
23. Northridge b Figure 3 Sample input files To create an EDT file you have two options First you may start from scratch by creating new options using the New command button Or second you can edit an existing file by opening a file using the Open command button The former will create a set of each option and use default values for each You will have to enter your project s specific data for each option using the editing forms provided with D MOD2000 The latter allows you to simply modify existing data without the need to retype data that is similar to each project like the dynamic material properties Once you have edited the data for each option you can create an input file for the program engine To differentiate the input file from the database file you should give it a different name and extension The file does not need to have the EDT extension however by default when opening an existing file D MOD2000 will present you with a list of files that end with this extension Processing of Output Files After a successful run of D MOD2000 depending on the output option selected in the input file The engine will generate a master output file and zero two or eleven auxiliary output files The master output file echoes the input information provides information on the initial stress state in the profile lists the peak values of time dependent variables for all layers in the profile and defines the content file nam
24. Spectral accelerations 2008 Maps amp Ty Longitude 123 degrees 12 minutes 0 seconds Sa for Short period S 13347 g s Latitude 47 degrees 6 minutes o seconds Sa for 1 second period 54 0 5073 a s Enter spectral acceleration values manually MCE Spectrum Long Period Transition Ty 4 sec Region Probability Year of Data Soil Profile Type Conterminous United States 2 in 50 yrs voo iJ c C 2003 C Alaska t is 2008 J C 2010 C amp Hard Rock B Rock C C Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock C D Stiff Soil Profile C E Soft Soil Profile C F Soil requiring site specific evaluation This form is used to select the options and or enter the data necessary to plot a MCE or a design response spectrum in accordance with the IBC International Code Council 2003 ASCE 2006 The procedure followed to obtain the spectrum starts by first selecting spectral accelerations at short period S and at 1 second period S from the Maximum Considered Earthquake MCE Ground Motion Maps provided in the IBC code The MCE maps were based on the U S Geological Survey USGS probabilistic hazard maps Leyendecker et al 2000 Frankel et al 1996 Frankel et al 2002 USGS 2008 2010 however for some selected areas the USGS maps were modified to incorporate deterministic ground motions and to apply engineering judgment In D MOD2000 either the S or S values can be entered manually or they can
25. Updated Near Source Ground Motion Attenuation Relations for the Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration and Acceleration Response Spectra Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 93 Number 1 pp 314 331 February 2003 Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2003b Erratum Updated Near Source Ground Motion Attenuation Relations for the Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration and Acceleration Response Spectra Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 93 Number 3 pp 1413 June 2003 Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2003c Erratum Updated Near Source Ground Motion Attenuation Relations for the Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration and Acceleration Response Spectra Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 93 Number 4 pp 1872 August 2003 Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2004a Erratum Updated Near Source Ground Motion Attenuation Relations for the Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration and Acceleration Response Spectra Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 94 No 6 pp 2417 December 2004 Campbell Kenneth W and Yousef Bozorgnia 2007 Campbell Bozorgnia NGA Ground Motion Relations for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of Peak and Spectral Ground Motion Parameters PEER Report 2007 02 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering
26. Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 Trifunac M D and Lee V 1973 Routine computer processing of strong motion accelerograms Report No EERL 73 03 Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA U S Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project 2003a Explanation of April 2003 Revision http geohazards cr usgs gov eq html 2002apr03 html April 2003 D MOD2000 Page No 144 U S Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project 2003b Explanation for the October 2003 Revision of the National Seismic Hazard Maps http geohazards cr usgs gov eq html 20020ct03 html October 2003 U S Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Maps 2008 2008 United States National Seismic Hazard Maps http earthquake usgs gov research hazmaps products_data 2008 U S Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Maps 2010 Revision III January 2010 http earthquake usgs gov hazards products conterminous 2008 update_201001 Vucetic M 1986 Pore Pressure Buildup and Liquefaction of Level Sandy Sites During Earthquakes Ph D Thesis Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 616 p Vucetic M and Dobry R 1988 Cyclic Triaxial Strain Controlled Testing of Liquefiable Sands Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock ASTM STP 977 American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia pp 475 485 Vucetic M and Dobry R 1991 Effect of So
27. When you select this option an x is shown on the check box you only need to provide the No Values Time Step and No Header values and then select the dimensions for the Y axis by clicking on the up or down arrow keys next to the Units text box To be free format the data in the file have to be separated by at least one blank space or be in different lines The View command button can be used to view the contents of a ground motion file This will help you to collect the information needed to define the formatting of the file if necessary To do this first select a file using the Other button to select other files The first 60 lines of the file will be displayed on a form with the first three characters displayed in red representing the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a These characters are not part of the source file and are only shown to number the rows After the row numbers the alphanumeric characters that constitute the information saved in the file for each row are shown Note that the characters are displayed as blue on a white background and that every tenth character is displayed in red However if the tenth character is a blank space then the character is not shown This is done to guide the user when defining the order of the data in the file D MOD2000 Page No 86 Nonlinear Earthquake Response Analysis D MOD2000 Nonlinear amp Effective Stress Seismic Response Analysis Save Edit New A
28. amp Youngs R 2008 NGA and Campbell Bozorgnia amp Hachem 2010 relations To enter Rj and Rx click on the Rjb command button to display the Rj and Rx Distance form Note that the program will plot the PHA vs Distance where for the NGA equations the distance is R up and for the Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 it is Rseis Accordingly when Rj and or R are needed these should be computed and entered in the respective columns of the Ri and R Distance form Similarly for the Boore amp Atkinson NGA and the Akkar amp Bommer relations the program will also plot the PHA vs Distance wherein distance is assumed to be R up but the program will use Rj entered in the respective column of the Rp and R Distance form for the computations The single value of Rj or R distance used for computation of response spectra can be entered in the rj km or R text box respectively For the Boore amp Atkinson NGA the value of distance entered in the rj km text box is used instead of the value entered in the Distance text box The figure shown in the next page and included in the PEER NGA Excel spreadsheet will help you understand the distance definition in a more clear way For a definition of the parameters in the NGA Parameters section of the form please refer to references for the NGA attenuation relations The user can manually enter a value for each parameter or enter the DEF string to use the default values For the Z and
29. including the implied warranties of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose and non infringement No oral or written information or advice given by the authors distributors dealers or agents shall increase the scope of the above warranties or create any new warranties Some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties so the above exclusion may not apply to you In that event any implied warranties are limited in duration to ninety 90 days from the date of delivery of the software This warranty gives you specific legal rights You may have rights which vary from state to state Limitation of Liability The software is a complex program which requires engineering expertise to use correctly The authors assume absolutely no responsibility for the correct use of this software AII results obtained should be carefully examined by an experienced professional engineer to determine if they are reasonable and accurate Although the authors D MOD2000 Page No v have endeavored to make the software error free the program is not and cannot be certified as infallible Therefore the authors make no warranty either implicit or explicit as to the correct performance or accuracy of this software In no event shall the authors be liable to anyone for special collateral incidental or consequential damage in connection with or arising out of purchase or use of this software The sole and exclusive liability to the authors regardless
30. ta Surface DMOD2 Full f 3 f Surface DMOD2 Futl f 5 f Pseudo Spectral Acceleration g 0 1 1 100 01 0 1 1 10 Period s Period s Figure D 2 Comparison of Response Spectra for Simi Valley Knolls School Site Kwok et al 2006 Figure D 2 shows that ar is the dominant parameter in the Rayleigh damping model Figure D 2 further shows that a relative close approximation of acceleration response spectra calculated by SHAKE91 can be obtained by careful selection of the damping model parameters D MOD2000 Page No 163 Example Calculations Given fundamental period frequency of soil deposit T 1 f 0 153 s calculate Rayleigh damping coefficients using either Equations 1 through 3 or MKZ model form of the program Simplified Rayleigh damping formulation use Equation 3 Assume ar 0 5 Or 0 and Br 0 000244 Full Rayleigh damping formulation use Equations 4 and 5 Assume n 5 and a 0 5 ar 0 342221 and Br 0 000041 Figure D 3 below shows the surface acceleration response spectra calculated from surface acceleration response using SHAKE91 Idriss and Sun 1992 and D MOD 2 These plots are based on total stress analysis and within motion with a stiff base For reference spectra of the within input motion are also shown in Figure D 3 In Hole Motion 77 ft b g s PHGA 0 07 g Surface Response SHAKES1 Surface Response D MOD 2 Full Damping
31. them to a target response spectrum conversion of ground motion records to a format compatible with D MOD2000 Newmark s permanent seismic displacement method ratio or response spectrum and USGS seismic hazard data These programs are invoked by pressing the Earthquake Engineering Analyses amp Utilities button in the main menu form The results generated by these auxiliary programs can be within the same graphic platform compared to D MOD2000 input output data results D MOD2000 Page No 2 D MOD2000 Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis Save Edit New Add Delete Clear Order D MOD Process Ok Help About Exit Options available in EDT file C D MOD2000 Short Course stlouis_short EDT Master Output File Name stlouis out Option 1 Master Control Card St Louis MO Name of Plot Files stlouis Soil Profile No 1 St Louis MO e Material Properties SHAKE2000 Short Course Output Generated for Layer 1 Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Layer 17 5 input Moien vee hee sis ia Input amp Qutput File Options Saguenay Earthquake 51 Componen Input Motion USGS Modal 2 Import Data from SHAKE 2000 Input File Saguenay Earthquake 1988 1 Component 000 Print Summary of Master Dutput File C Print EDT File C Print Input File Options saved in Input File C D MOD2000 Output stlouis INP Plotting Options Maximum Values 1 Option 1 Master Control Card St Louis MO Partial Results at Uniform Time Step
32. 317 Battaglia Glenn J 1996 Mean Square Error AMP Journal of Technology Vo 5 June 1996 Berge Thierry C Cotton F and Scotti O 2003 New Empirical Response Spectral Attenuation Laws for Moderate European Earthquakes Journal of Earthquake Engineering Volume 7 No 2 pp 193 222 D MOD2000 Page No 136 Bennett M J McLaughlin P V Sarmiento J S and Youd T L 1984 Geotechnical investigation of liquefaction sites Imperial Valley California Open File Report 84 252 U S Geological Survey Menlo Park California 103 p Bhatia S K 1981 The Verification of Relationships for Effective Stress Method to Evaluate Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Sands Ph D Dissertation Civil Engineering Department University of British Columbia Vancouver B C Bierschwale J G and Stokoe K H 1984 Analytical evaluation of liquefaction potential of sands subjected to the 1981 Westmorland Earthquake University of Texas Geotechnical Engineering Report GR 84 15 23 p Bommer J J and Beatriz Acevedo A 2004 The Use of Real Earthquake Accelerograms as Input to Dynamic Analysis Journal of Earthquake Engineering Vol 8 Special Issue 1 pp 43 91 Bommer J J Douglas J and Strasser F O 2003 Style of Faulting in Ground Motion Prediction Equations Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 1 171 203 Boore D M and Atkinson G M 2008 Ground motion prediction equations for the average horizontal componen
33. D MOD2000 Page No 23 TITLE NPTYPE NLAYER NMAT ITMBY NUNIT D MOD Option 1 Master Control Card MOD2000 Option 1 Master Control all m Help Cancel D MOD Identification for Input Data Set Master Control Card Wildlife Site D M0D2000 Tutorial Title Wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial Analysis type control number Number of material layers in the profile Number of material property sets specified Half space control number System of units to be used Stress Strain model control number Viscous damping control number Top hydraulic boundary condition control number Bottom hydraulic boundary condition control number Irregular stress strain behavior accuracy control No 1 Irregular stress strain behavior accuracy control No 2 Number of the top saturated soil layer Number of the bottom saturated soil layer Up to 75 alphanumeric characters to describe the analysis Analysis type control number 1 Total Stress Analysis no cyclic degradation of soil properties during shaking i e dynamic response with neither pore water pressure generation nor cyclic degradation via the generalized degradation index 2 Effective Stress Analysis cyclic degradation of soil properties but without hydraulic interaction between layers i e dynamic response with pore water pressure generation and or cyclic degradation but with no pore water pressure dissipation 3 Effective Stress
34. For example in addition to displaying the input data and calculation results current version of the package plots peak values of time histories along the profile marks liquefied layers and can be used to plot attenuation of input ground motions with distance in both linear and logarithmic scales The program generated graphs can be imported into another application such as a word processing program and or spreadsheet and thus facilitate preparation of presentations and or reports Execution To run D MOD2000 the user either needs to create a new working file or to edit an existing input file This is done through the options of the main menu form Figure 1 A tutorial enclosed in Appendix A is provided to guide a novice user through the file creation program execution process In general the process starts with use of the Edit button to generate or edit the option data The Add button is used to select options user wants to employ in the analysis The D MOD button is used to start the analysis Upon termination of the analysis DOS window disappears shortly the Process button is used to retrieve and process relevant results from the output files generated by site response calculation These relevant results can be graphed by use of the Plot Options A number of auxiliary programs included in D MOD2000 package can be used independently e g ground motion attenuation relationships processing and scaling of ground motion records to compare
35. Geological Survey 2003a 2003b 2008 2010 For Alaska the program uses the maps developed in either 1999 or 2007 for Hawaii the maps developed in 1999 and for Puerto Rico the 2003 maps The 2008 and 2010 updates of the maps were recently released by the USGS 2008 2010 Although these latest updates have not been adopted for use in the IBC code these maps are included with the program for comparison purposes only i e at this moment they should not be used for any other purpose other D MOD2000 Page No 64 than to compare the values To use a specific year click on the year s option to select it The issue year for the maps used is shown on the Spectral acceleration in g s label For the 2010 and WUS options a Vs 39 value can be selected from the down list However it is recommended to visit the USGS web site for the most recent information and values regarding the hazard maps If you want to use the maps to obtain the spectral accelerations S and S4 first click on the Enter the site s location to obtain spectral accelerations from USGS maps option to select it and then enter the latitude and longitude of your site in degrees minutes and seconds There is no need to enter a negative sign for the longitude value as required by the online NEHRP website Next select one of the Region options and the site class by selecting one of the Soil Profile Type options The spectral values for the four grid points that surround your site are r
36. H B and Idriss I M 1970 Sun J I Golesorkhi R and Seed H B 1988 Wehling et al 2003 Darendeli M 2001 EPRI 1993 Roblee and Chiou 2004 Martirosyan et al 2003 Singh and Donovan 1977 Matasovic N 1993 and Zekkos et al 2008 D MOD2000 Page No 39 Dynamic Material Properties Model D MOD2000 Dynamic Material Properties Model a m f 3 Help A Material Properties Model Darendeli M B Model Darendeli M B 2001 Plot Property Cuve Mean Effective Confining Stress atm Ishibashi amp Zhang 1993 C Shear Modulus Zhang Andrus amp Juang 2005 Damping Curve Overconsolidation Ratio Mean C Mean Std Dev C Mean Std Dev Number of Loading Cycles Soil Plasticity Loading Frequency Hz This form is used to enter the input data for the different relationships for estimating normalized shear modulus and material damping ratio of soils The relationships included with D MOD2000 are those developed by Darendeli M B 2001 Ishibashi and Zhang 1993 and Zhang Andrus and Juang Zhang et al 2005 Andrus et al 2003 Zhang et al 2008 For the Darendeli 2001 relationship it is necessary to enter values for the mean effective confining stress c m in atmospheres the soil plasticity index as percentage overconsolidation ratio loading frequency and number of loading cycles For the Zhang Andrus amp Juang 2005 relationship you need to enter a
37. Headers Accelerogram Description Card s There are NHEAD cards to describe the accelerogram TITLE Up to 72 alphanumeric characters to describe the accelerogram Card 2 0 Earthquake Record Accelerogram Cards There are NCARD accelerogram cards AE LJ Acceleration values digitalized at time step At The time step should be specified on Option 6 The acceleration values need to be input in accelerogram input file in either of the following FORTRAN F formats 1F9 1 1F9 2 IF9 8 4F9 1 4F9 8 10F9 1 10F9 8 The most commonly used format is 8F9 6 i e eight columns nine digits in each column out of nine digits one is decimal point six are decimals D MOD2000 Page No 36 Earthquake Records You can select an object motion listed in the earthquake records database by clicking on the Quakes button to display a listing of the records saved in the D MOD2000 EQ file Once the list is displayed you can choose a record by highlighting it and clicking on the Ok button or by double clicking on it The New Option 6 option when selected allows you to automatically create a corresponding Option 6 for this Option 7 If you want to use the data saved in a file that is not included in D MOD2000 EQ use the Other command button to display the Object Motion File dialog box to select the file After you choose a file the name of the file will be displayed on the text box below the FINPEQ label The Convert comm
38. Method Displacement Analysis Response Spectra for Ground Motion U S Geological Survey Seismic Hazard This form presents a list of different features and other utilities useful for geotechnical earthquake engineering analyses To execute one of these options first click on the option to select it and then on the Ok command button Ground Motion Attenuation Relations This option is used to plot attenuation relations for peak ground acceleration and peak horizontal velocity with distance and pseudo absolute acceleration and pseudo relative velocity response spectra Several equations are used as described in the Ground Motion Attenuation Relations section of this manual Ground Motion Parameters Plotting Scaling This option is used to plot the acceleration time history for an earthquake record to compute the mean response spectrum for a series of ground motion records and to obtain various parameters useful in characterizing ground motions For example you can use this option to plot the object motion that is used as input for the D MOD_2 analysis The Plot Object Motion form will be displayed to allow you to select the object motion to be plotted Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database With this option the user can convert ground motion files to different units and or formatting Also the information on the database of ground motion files can be edited and data about new files added Newmark Displac
39. Motion File section of this manual Upon returning to this form the information used to read the file is displayed in their respective columns The View command button can be used to view the contents of a ground motion file This will help you to collect the information needed to define the formatting of the file if necessary To do this first select a file by clicking on its name path then click on View When you click on the file s name path the check box will be selected or de selected Note that when the check box is not selected the file will not be used for computation of the average spectrum The first 60 lines of the file will be displayed on a form with the first characters displayed in red representing the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a P These characters are not part of the source file and are only shown to number the rows After the row numbers the alphanumeric characters that constitute the information saved in the file for each row are shown Note that the characters are displayed as blue on a white background and that every tenth character is displayed in red However if the tenth character is a blank space then the character is not shown This is done to guide the user when defining the order of the data in the file As noted before the average spectrum will be compared to a target spectrum There are six options used to select the target spectrum Attenuate EuroCode IBC NEHRP and User s Select o
40. Silt 2 Lean clay to silt CL ML 11 6 Sand WSA Sandy silt ML fines content 78 149 Sand WSB Silty sand SM fines content 36 182 Sand W SB sity sand SM fines content 36 22 45 Sand w SB Silty sand SM fines content 36 2475 Sand WSB Silty sand SM fines content 36 of of e e ef e m o This form is used to enter information to create a soil column that will be displayed with the data input from Options 2 and 4 The soil column is made up of layers and for each layer you need to enter the depth to the bottom of the layer and a description for the soil type on the layer To enter the data first place the cursor on the text box for the Depth to Layer Bottom column and type in the depth to the bottom of the layer e g 10 5 Next press the Tab key once to move the cursor to the text box for the Soil Type column and type in a short up to 24 characters description of the soil that forms the layer e g Silty Sand with Gravel Move the cursor to the text box for the Soil Description column and enter a longer description for the soil in the layer e g Brown loose to medium dense wet some organics etc Depending on the space allowed for printing on each layer D MOD2000 will display first the information entered in the Soil Type column and then display the information entered in the Soil Description column If there is not enough space to display the
41. Step Header per Line Digits PX c d mod2000 sample wildshbal 3 ahl 1 934 72 19392 005 3 8 15 X c d mod2000 sample wildshcal I5 ahl 2 1347 68 19392 005 3 8 15 Click Choo lect a file Click C a file Click Chaose to select a file a a No Values Time Step No Header Values Line No Digits Units s ooo o T d s There are four options for selecting an accelerogram for the Newmark s method e The first one is to use a file that was obtained from processing of the output files from D MOD 2 The file is given a name such as xxxxxA L MAHL or xxxxxA L HEA where xxxxx is the label used to name the output files A stands for analysis and the number following it is the analysis number and L means layer and is followed by three numbers which are the layer number Files identified with the extension AHL or acceleration history at layer are those created from the acceleration time histories and those with the extension HEA or horizontal equivalent acceleration are those created from the shear stress time histories As explained in Bray et al 1995 for the seismic analysis of landfills the HEA or horizontal equivalent acceleration at a specific depth and time can be obtained as the ratio of the shear stress to the total vertical overburden stress Accordingly these files are created using the shear stress histories computed and the overburden stress computed u
42. Vol 5 Nos 1 2 pp 237 264 Matasovic N and Vucetic M 1993 Cyclic Characterization of Liquefiable Sands ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol 119 No 11 pp 1805 1822 Matasovic N and Vucetic M 1995 Generalized Cyclic Degradation Pore Pressure Generation Model for Clays ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol 121 No 1 pp 33 42 Newmark N M 1965 Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments Geotechnique 15 2 139 160 Nigam N C and Jennings P C 1968 SPECEQ UQ Digital Calculation of Response Spectra from Strong Motion Earthquake Records Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California Pankow K L and Pechmann J C 2004 The SEA99 Ground Motion Predictive Relations for Extensional Tectonic Regimes Revisions and a New Peak Ground Velocity Relation Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 94 No 1 pp 341 348 February 2004 Park D 2003 Estimation of Non Linear Seismic Site Effects for Deep Deposits of the Mississippi Embayment Doctoral Thesis Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Urbana University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign p 337 Park D and Hashash Y M A 2004 Soil Damping Formulation in Nonlinear Time Domain Site Response Analysis Journal of Earthquake Engineering 8 2 pp 249 274 D MOD2000 Page No 142 PEER Ground Motion Selection and Modification Working G
43. Z 5 parameters the default values are based on relationships provided in Abrahamson amp Silva 2008 Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2008 and Chiou amp Youngs 2008 based on the Vs30 For the Zi and Width values the program will use the relations presented in Kaklamos et al 2010 In the Sabetta amp Pugliese 2009 relation the data for the Joyner Boore distance are used Further when computing response spectra the program will use the distance entered in the rj text box The ground motion parameters recommended by Stewart Liu amp Choi 2003 are taken as the product of their amplification factors and the median attenuation values for rock obtained from the Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 relation For this relation a classification category can be selected from the Stewart combo list in the Other Site Conditions amp Options section of the form In addition the effect of the hanging wall can be accounted for by selecting the Stewart option of the Hanging Wall options D MOD2000 Page No 58 Rx R positive i i Ry positive P 5 Surface H Pte Mte Surface Width Fault Width a Strike slip faulting b Reverse or normal faulting hanging wall site Rx negative i e 1 Rp Surface Width c Reverse or normal faulting foot wall site When an attenuation relation can be applied to more than one site condition e g rock and deep soil D MOD2000 w
44. Zhang 2008 M Quatemary PI 15 50 kPa Sand ato Ooo Gd i Sirah Cuves MKZ Model Measured Modeled Damping This form is used to find the MKZ model parameters f and s for more than one material at a time by either modifying the values by trial and error or by using an automatic optimization routine After you have selected the modulus reduction and damping ratio curves for the materials in Option 4 set the Curve Fitting Parameters for MKZ Model form can be used to speed up the process of matching f and s This form is only available after every material has been assigned both modulus reduction and damping ratio curves and when there are at least 3 materials in the Option 4 set For a trial and error search enter the values of f s and in the respective text box or use the up down arrows to increase reduce the values by 0 05 units right side or 0 01 units left side The curves will be automatically updated to show the effects of changing the values An automatic linear data optimization ALDO routine is also included that will speed up the process of matching the curves There are three options for this optimization Modulus match modulus reduction curves only Modulus Damping match both modulus reduction and damping curves and Damping match damping ratio curves only Select one of these options using the down arrow and then click on the ALDO command button to optimize the matching process
45. a series of ground motion files that can be used for seismic analysis with D MOD2000 Basic information for each record is saved in the D MOD2000 EQ data base file located in the same directory where D MOD2000 is installed This file is an ASCII text file that can be modified to include new information about new records However the formatting in the file should not be modified Use the Directory command button to choose the path to directory where the earthquake motion files are stored After clicking on this button the Path to Earthquake Files form will be displayed Use the mouse to select the drive and directory and then click on the Ok button The directory will be displayed on the text box next to the Path to Earthquake Files check box In the DDMOD2000 EQ data file the name of the earthquake ground motion file is stored as shown on the data box next to the Ground Motion File label Due to restrictions on D MOD2000 it is difficult to include the entire path to the file in the D MOD2000 EQ file For example if the path to the earthquake file is saved as quakes alaska eq in the D MOD2000 EQ file but the physical path to the file in the hard disk is c D MOD2000 quakes alaska eq and depending on the last directory path used D MOD2000 may not be able to find the file to plot it This is because D MOD2000 will look for it in the last directory path from which data was accessed and if in this path the subdirectory quakes is not found then the file
46. alaska eq will not be found either and an error will occur during plotting To work around this use the Directory command button to select the C D MOD2000 path Then D MOD2000 will look for the file c D MOD2000 quakes alaska eq instead of only quakes alaska eq To select an D MOD2000 Page No 114 earthquake record click on it to highlight it The information stored in d mod2000 eq for this file will be displayed on the corresponding cells If you wish to scale the ground motion to a different value of peak acceleration enter the new peak value in the Scale Acc text box Each acceleration value will be scaled proportionally to the ratio of the specified scale acceleration to the maximum acceleration of the time history Using an object motion file not included in the D MOD2000 EQ file If you want to use the data saved in a file that is not included in D MOD2000 EQ use the Other command button to display the Open Object Motion File dialog box to select the file that you want to plot The name of the file will be displayed next to the option button on the bottom section of the form Now you need to enter the following information on the data cells below the file name First you need to select the file by clicking on the check box next to the Other Ground Motion File cell an x is shown on the check box This will enable i e the mouse cursor changes to the I beam appearance when placed on the cells the data cells to enter the data We ll use
47. changed the graph is automatically redrawn on the preview window To zoom in on the preview graph double click on it with the left mouse button To zoom out double click on it with the right mouse button Use the Copy command button to copy the graph to the clipboard You can use then the Paste or Paste Special commands on other Windows applications i e Microsoft Word to insert the graph into other documents D MOD2000 Page No 52 X coordinate This cell is used to enter the X coordinate from the top left corner of the graph The origin of the coordinate system is at the top left corner of the paper sheet Use the Tab key to move to the other data cells and the Delete key to delete the contents of a cell Once the value of this cell is modified the margins shown will be automatically updated Y coordinate This cell is used to enter the Y coordinate from the top left corner of the graph The origin of the coordinate system is at the top left corner of the paper sheet Use the Tab key to move to the other data cells and the Delete key to delete the contents of a cell Once the value of this cell is modified the margins shown will be automatically updated Graph width Set the width of the graph using the units defined by the paper size set on the window s print setup dialog Use the Tab key to move to the other data cells and the Delete key to delete the contents of a cell Once the value of this cell is modified the margins shown w
48. curve i e acceleration or velocity vs Distance for specific periods When selecting more than one attenuation relation the attenuation curve will be displayed only for those equations that have coefficients for that specific period Check the Period column for each attenuation relation s coefficients to determine if a period value is acceptable Enter the value for the period in the text box next to the label Depending on the attenuation relation selected there are other options that can be used Some relations classify the faulting mechanism of an earthquake into one of a number of categories The different categories are shown in the Style of Faulting section of the form By default the Strike Slip type is chosen You can select other types by clicking on any of the options shown The type selected will be used for all of the relations that it applies to when those relations are selected Note that an attenuation relation will not be selected i e an x is shown on the check box if the Style of Faulting option selected does not apply to this relation The Subduction option in the Style of Faulting list only applies to the Zhao et al 2006 relation The Intraslab and Interface options apply to the Youngs Chiou Silva amp Humphrey 1997 Atkinson amp Boore 2003 and Zhao et al 2006 relations By default the Intraslab option is selected thus the attenuation relation for intraslab events will be used To use the attenuation relation f
49. enter the value manually in the respective text box or use the up down arrows to increase reduce the values by 0 05 units right side or 0 01 units left side The curves will be automatically updated to show the effects of changing the values After you have entered the values for strain G G mo and damping you can fit a curve by varying the values of initial t 0 tangent shear modulus Gmo shear stress at reference strain Tmo reference shear strain y and the curve fitting parameters f and s Different materials of Option 4 may use the same G Gmo and Damping Ratio vs strain curves as the one shown on the form If that is the case you can then update the values of f and s for each material by selecting the Update f amp s for material type option However you may still need to check the other materials to determine if the new values of B and s are appropriate as how well the model fits the curves also depends on the values of Gmo and Tmo for each material The way the program determines which materials are the same is based on comparing the description of both the G G mo and damping ratio curves i e the program will compare the description shown on the G G Curve and Damping Curve text boxes on this form with every other material and for those materials for which the descriptions are identical the program will set the same values of p and s A description of the G G mo or damping ratio curve can be entered in the text box
50. for acceleration velocity and displacement in the same file each as a column of data Thus the main purpose of this form is to extract the acceleration data from the file convert them to g s and save them to a formatted text file that can be used by D MOD 2 This form has two other functions First it can be used to enter information about a new ground motion file and then add the information to the database of ground motion files used by D MOD2000 Second the user can access the form used to edit information about a ground motion file in the database Conversion of a ground motion file involves the following steps 1 opening the original or source ground motion file 2 defining the way the data in the source file are to be read and 3 defining the way the data will be written to the new converted ground motion file For the first step use the Open command button to display the Open Source Ground Motion File dialog form change to a different folder and or subdirectory if necessary and click on the file that needs to be converted to select it This file needs to be a text or ASCII file Then click on the Open command button of the dialog form to open it After a few seconds the first few lines of the file up to 99 lines will be displayed on the top list box of the form D MOD2000 Page No 15 The first three characters displayed in red are the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a P These characters are not part
51. information i e the space is even smaller than the font size used for the text then no information will be shown After you have entered the information for each layer click on the Save command button to save the information on an ASCII text file You can retrieve the information for future use with the Open command button To return to the previous form click on the Ok command button Each time you place the cursor on the Depth Soil Type or Soil Description column the Add and Delete command buttons are enabled If you want to add data for a layer place the cursor on the layer where the new layer will be located and click on the Add button A new layer will be created and the depth type and description for the new layer will be the same as those for the layer immediately below Now you need to modify the information for the depth type and description for the new layer The Delete button is used to delete a layer from the soil column Place the cursor on the Depth Soil Type or Soil Description column and then click on the Delete button The data for the layer will be removed from the soil column and the information for the other layers updated accordingly The Reset command button will delete the information for all of the soil layers D MOD2000 Page No 123 Target User Defined Response Spectrum D MOD2000 Target Response Spectrum 5 m Help Cancel 204986 j 251402 TE 332531 i 403763 CE 353096 398489 41268
52. information for the coordinates and thickness for the new line The Delete button is used to delete a line from the form Place the cursor on either the Label or Information columns and then click on the Delete button The data for the line will be removed from the form and the information for the other lines updated accordingly The Reset command button will delete the information for all of the lines D MOD2000 Page No 13 Comparison of Results D MOD2000 Comparison of Results pen Read Delete Reset Help Close Results Variable File Description Maximum Values Acceleration X C AD MOD2000S ample Nwildshaaux max Wildlife Site SHA C Partial Results C X C D MOD2000 S ample wildshbaux max wildlife Site SHB Sine G X CAD MOD2000 S ample WwildS HCaux max wildife Site SHC Shear Strain C Li C Normalized Shear Stress E C PWP Ratio c This form is used to select a number of result files in order to compare the results from different analyses To compare results first choose one of the Results and one of the Variable options Depending on the Results option selected the appropriate Variable options will be enabled Then select the output files using the Open command button The file name and path will be shown on the File section of the form You can select up to 6 output files After selecting the files click on the Read command button The program will check that the number of layers an
53. line Now press the Tab key to move the cursor to the text box on the X right column and enter 8 Place the cursor on the text box for the Y right column and enter 9 7 By default a line thickness of 25 pixels is shown when entering data for a new line We will reduce the thickness to 15 by clicking on the down arrow key next to the text box on the Thickness column until 15 is shown init A new line has been added to the form on the bottom right corner To D MOD2000 Page No 112 magnify the form double click on the graphics window with the left button of the mouse Double clicking with the right button reduces the size of the drawing Repeat the above procedure for the following lines X left Y left Xright Y right Thickness 6 9 9 8 9 9 15 6 10 1 8 10 1 15 6 10 3 8 10 3 15 If you select the Box option an x is shown on the check box then the coordinates entered will be taken as the upper left and bottom right corners respectively of a rectangle To save the information for the form click on the Save command button to display the file dialog form and then click on Save to save the data You can enter a different file name to save each form you create to a new file When you create your own forms you can enter a description for the form on the text box next to the Description label This description can be up to 80 characters long and will not be shown on the form Each time you place the cursor on either the X left Y left X
54. materials greater or equal than the maximum number entered in the Material Type column A different set of Option 4 can be chosen on the form where the graphs are displayed D MOD2000 Page No 28 D MOD Option 4 Material Description Card D MOD2000 Option 4 Material Description Ok New Delete MKZ Sand Clay Fit Help Cancel Set No Material Description Set Identification 1 Material Properties Short Course Median No Materials Material 29 No 1 SP SC PI 15 G mo x mo kN m 2 kN m 2 B ID 136006 8 44 0662 o 85 sP sc PI 15 Vs E K m sec kN m 2 2 m n 266 fo 0025 0 43 0 62 Tsat Twet k kN m 3 kN m 3 m sec ag orc Pr 18 85 17 85 2 011 704E 03 0 00000E00 c 70361E 04 Tey F o 02 For each different material up to 24 constants may be specified depending on NPTYPE and MOTYP selected Note that 5 cards must be used to describe each material even though some of the constants parameters may be omitted There are 5 NMAT cards for this data set Use the MKZ command button to display the MKZ Non Linear Stress Strain Model form This form is used to calculate the modulus reduction and damping curves using the MKZ non linear stress strain model Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 It is also used to find the MKZ model parameters f and s by trial and error and to calculate the stiffness proportional Rayleigh coefficients ag and fs Upon ret
55. modify the d mod2000 eq file If you are adding data for a file converted using the Conversion of Ground Motion File form then the text boxes where the information are displayed will not be enabled i e you will not be able to modify the information These boxes are enabled if you are adding information about a file that has not been converted with the conversion form Edit the D CMOD2000 EQ File with a Text Processor The database file can be modified manually using a text processor Please remember that the formatting in the file i e the way the information is saved in columns should not be modified If you choose to do this the following section explains the way the information is saved in the file which will help you edit the file manually D MOD2000 Page No 46 Earthquake Records File D MOD2000 EQ Format D MOD2000 EQ File Earthquake Database Number of Earthquake Records 2363 Identification Path No Acc Time Step Mx Acc Header Values Format Alaska 7 30 72 Sitka Record M 7 5 Dis 48 km Amax 0 091g Rock outcrop alaska eq 2048 0 02 3 8 8F9 6 Apeel 7 crystal spr pulgas 0 deg pulgas0 eq 2000 0 02 1 8 8F9 6 Apeel 7 upper crystal spr pulgas 90 deg pulgas90 eq 2000 0 02 1 8 8F9 6 ANZA 02 25 80 1047 ANZA FIRE STATION 225 USGS STATION 5160 PEER Database azf225 eq 2058 0 0050 4 6 6E15 7 The first two lines in the file i e D MOD2000 EQ File amp Earthquake Database should
56. motion records for download Please note that the following Internet addresses were valid at the time this User s Manual was written 1 PEER Strong Motion Databases These databases contains over 1000 records from 140 earthquakes from tectonically active regions http peer berkeley edu smcat http peer berkeley edu nga search html 2 Cosmos Virtual Data Center http db cosmos eq org scripts earthquakes plx It is highly recommended that you use the above web sites to search for records given specific characteristics e g mechanism soil classification magnitude etc When downloading a file from an internet site you need to save the file as a text file Once you have an appropriate record for your D MOD2000 Page No 42 analysis you may need to transform the record to a format compatible with D MOD2000 You can use the Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database option of the Main Menu to convert the file D MOD2000 Page No 43 Edit Add Ground Motion File Information D MOD2000 Edit Add Ground Motion File Information Help Cancel CHI CHI 09 20 99 TCLIO70 w CWB CHI CHI 09 20 99 TCUD 0 N CWB COALINGA 07 22 83 0239 SKUNK HOLLOW 360 USGS STATION 1605 COALINGA 07 22 83 0239 SKUNK HOLLOW 270 USGS STATION 1605 LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 ANDERSON DAM DOWNSTREAM 360 USGS STATION 1652 LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 ANDERSON DAM DOWNSTREAM 270 USGS STATION 1652 PALM SPRINGS 07 08 86 0320
57. motion solver Wilson s 0 algorithm used in earlier versions of the program was replaced by the Newmark f algorithm D MOD 2 further allowed for modeling of soil profile with up to 200 soil layers and 200 material parameter sets as opposed to 15 layers materials in D MOD and for up to 2 000 nodes for calculation of pore water pressure dissipation 100 in early versions of the program D MOD 2 was further modified to allow for use of the extended Rayleigh damping formulation matching of target damping ratio at up to four frequencies and for direct calculation of average acceleration of sliding mass within the profile for use in Newmark type seismic deformation analysis Other notable improvements with respect to the previous version of the program include adjustments for dissipation of negative suction pore water pressure negative pore water pressures occur in overconsolidated clays subjected to cyclic straining and when in composite soil profile may reduce positive porewater pressures in liquefiable layers an extension of the nonlinear stress strain model to simulate seismically induced slip along the composite landfill liner interfaces and introduction of an option for quasi 2 D site response analysis of earthfill dams levees and slopes The latest version of the program V9 3 1 incorporates routines for the processing and error checking of output data and for displaying that output in a form familiar to geotechnical enginee
58. n 0 for simplified Rayleigh damping or n 1 3 5 or 7 for full Rayleigh damping More detailed information on the computation of the Rayleigh damping coefficients is presented in Appendix C To find the MKZ model parameters and s by trial and error you can either enter the values for strain G Gmo and damping ratio manually or you can import model a curve G Gmo curves can be imported by clicking on the G Gmo command button to display the G Gmax Curves Database form After selecting a material the data for the curve will be shown in the respective text boxes Similarly a damping ratio curve for a material can be imported by clicking on the Damping command button to display the Damping Ratio Curves Database form The G Gg and damping ratio curves can also be estimated using any of the theoretical models included with the program Click on the Model command button to display the Dynamic Material Properties D MOD2000 Page No 78 Model form This form is used to enter the input data for the different relationships for estimating normalized shear modulus and material damping ratio of soils The relationships included with D MOD2000 are those developed by Darendeli M B 2001 Ishibashi and Zhang 1993 and Zhang Andrus and Juang 2005 If you enter your own data for the G Gmo and Damping ratio curves these can be added to the database of material properties using the Dbase command button To change a value of s and amp
59. n 5 0 5 surface Response D MOD 2 Simpitied Damping n O 0 555 Spectral Acceleration g 0 01 0 10 1 00 10 00 Period seconds Figure D 3 Response Spectra of Input Motion and Surface Responses Calculated by SHAKE91 and D MOD 2 The D MOD 2 results with both full Rayleigh damping n 5 and 0 596 and simplified Rayleigh damping n 0 and ar 0 596 show lower spectral ordinates than SHAKE91 at short periods lt 0 13 s and the identical spectral ordinates at higher periods The effect of full Rayleigh damping versus simplified Rayleigh damping is typically restrained to short periods and in this example relatively small The simplified Rayleigh damping results are lower than the other solutions SHAKE91 and or D MOD 2 with full Rayleigh damping at short periods D MOD2000 Page No 164 Concluding Remarks In general use of the full Rayleigh damping formulation calibrated against SHAKE91 analysis is recommended However for many practical situations e g evaluation of soil liquefaction potential Newmark type seismic displacement analysis site response of shallow soil profiles simplified analysis with n set to O and c to 0 5 should suffice D MOD2000 Page No 165 D MOD2000 Page No 166 Appendix D Conversion Factors D MOD2000 Page No 167 D MOD2000 Page No 168 To convert from Inches in Feet ft Meters m To convert from Square meters m Square
60. next to the Shear Modulus Curve or Damping Ratio Curve label respectively If the curves are imported or modeled the description will be entered automatically upon returning to this form This label will be displayed as a graph title When entering data for either curve a new data row can be inserted at the cursor s location by clicking on the Add command button Similarly a data row can be removed by clicking on the Delete command button The Reset command button is used to delete the data for both curves The Display data for options are used to switch between calculated values of y or Strain in the above form t G Eta 1 and Eta 2 for G G or damping These data would be different if the values for strain used to define the G G mo curve are different from the values of strain used to define the damping ratio curve The stiffness proportional Rayleigh coefficient f is calculated by entering values for viscous damping coefficient amp an odd integer n and predominant period of the soil deposit T A dry run of D MOD 2 can be used to calculate the predominant period of the soil deposit or it can be computed by selecting the Period from Option 2 Set No option With this option the thickness and material type for each layer will be obtained from the Option 2 set chosen Knowing the material type for each layer the value of Vs is obtained from Option 4 for each material The period is then calculated as 4H V avg where H is th
61. not be modified The third line Number of Earthquake Records 2363 is the number of records listed in the file Every time you add or delete a record this number should be modified accordingly For the above example there is information listed for 2363 different records The next line is a blank line followed by two lines that limit the fields for the information necessary for each record The next line is a blank line Each record is described by two lines The first line Identification describes the record e g Alaska 7 30 72 Sitka Record M 7 5 Dis 48 km Amax 0 091g Rock outcrop This line can contain as many as 128 characters The following line i e Path No Acc Time Step Mx Acc Header Values Format gives information about the record that is used in Option 7 of D MOD2000 and also to plot the object motion The first field i e IPath is 30 characters long from columns 1 through 30 and describes the path in your hard drive where the file is stored or the file name only For the above example the first record is saved as a file named alaska eq and assumed to be saved in the quakes directory of the hard drive You could also only include the name without the subdirectory The INo Acc field from columns 36 through 45 is the number of acceleration values in the object motion The time interval between acceleration values is entered in the ITire Step field from columns 46 through 55 The next field IMx Acc from co
62. obtained by clicking on the Help command button of these pages To print a copy of the graph or to copy the graph to the Windows Clipboard for use by other applications click on the Print command button to display the Graphics Print Menu form D MOD2000 Page No 98 Plot Object Motion D MOD2000 Plot Object Motion EDT Other Quakes view GMP Sae Help Close EDT File C D MOD2000 ShortCourse Wildlife edt Plot Time History for Acceleration C Velocity C Displacement 005 1 4E15 6E2 C Allthree Earthquake File Name amp Path File Number of Time Acceleration Format No Values Step Factor NSHORTCOURSES328N15IV w A EQ 1 19392 Cc Initial value for V 10 0 ft sec D 0 0 ft Units for Time Histories 5 gskfeet v r C Earthquake File C D MOD2000 ShortCourse 328n1 5IV_WOa eq Baseline Correction Parabolic C Frequency Wave No Values TimeStep No Header Values Line No Digits Units Free Format 13382 0 005 n E s zl AND File e D MOD2000 0utput default avd 5 Using object motion files included as Option 7 sets in an EDT file You can plot the object motions included as Option 7 in an EDT file To do this click on the EDT command button to open the Open EDT File with Object Motion Files dialog box to select the file The file name and path are displayed on the text box next to the EDT File l
63. of the form of action shall not exceed the purchase price of this software USB Hardware Key Title to the USB Hardware Key s associated with a license belongs to GeoMotions LLC You are wholly responsible for maintaining and safeguarding the USB Hardware Key We reserve the right to determine the cost of replacing a lost or stolen USB Hardware Key up to and including the cost of a new license Support The authors will provide telephone or electronic mail support at no charge to assist the licensee in the installation of the software on his or her computer system Additionally general assistance may be provided in aiding the licensee in understanding the capabilities of the various features of the software However no cost assistance is not provided for help in applying the software to specific user defined problems We reserve the right to determine what qualifies as no cost assistance and what requires payment In all instances the user is encouraged to send the problem description and or data files to the authors by electronic mail in order to minimize the amount of time spent trying to define the problem and or to provide help with a problem Copyright Notice The software and accompanying manual are copyrighted with all rights reserved by the authors respectively Under United States Copyright Laws the software and its accompanying documentation may not be copied in whole or in part except to make a backup copy for archival purpose only
64. on the Cancel button The Reset command button is used to restore the original legends for the curves D MOD2000 Page No 70 Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants D MOD2000 Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants Help Cancel Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants of the Pore Water Pressure and Degradation Models for Sand Material Material Description Banding Sand BS Banding Sand BS poorly graded commercially available sand Dr approximately 40 D50 0 19 Cc 0 9 Cu 1 4 minimum dry unit weight of 90 pcf maximum dry unit weight of 106 pcf Reference Dobry et al 1985 k Tew ft sec X 00055 This form is used to display the material parameters and curve fitting constants for the different models used in D MOD The data included in this form are the same as those shown in Appendices A and B To select the parameters and or constants for use in one of the materials of Option 4 first click on the down arrow of the Material list and then select a material by clicking on it The material and or parameters will be updated on the respective text boxes To use these values for the material in Option 4 click on the Choose command button Click on Cancel if you don t want to select any material and return to Option 4 without importing any values D MOD2000 Page No 71 Mean Scaling Response Spectrum D MOD2000 Mean Response Spectrum Open Save Dther Quakes
65. option is selected by default When this option is selected the data in the different options that form the input data will be checked to determine if there are any errors that may cause problems during the execution of D MOD 2 For example a different number of soil layers in Options 1 and 2 will cause D MOD 2 to crash The program attempts to detect this and other errors before execution of D MOD 2 is started The user will be provided with detailed information on the error If you are sure that your data are correct and do not wish to check the data before execution of D MOD 2 starts click on the check box to de select this option When the Automatically save EDT amp Input Files option is selected an x is shown on the check box the EDT and Input files will be automatically saved every time you return from editing an option using the Edit command button or previously to execute D MOD 2 with the D MOD command button D MOD2000 Page No 89 By default D MOD2000 will use English units for most of the data used in the program If you wish to use SI units select the SI units option by clicking on the check box Please note that the original source code for D MOD 2 was written to work in Imperial units Accordingly when working with SI units the input data for D MOD 2 are transformed to English units before executing D MOD 2 This transformation only takes place for the data saved in the input file and does not affect the data shown on t
66. pick generic values using the Sand or Clay command buttons or use generic values from Tables A 1 and A 2 D Curve fitting parameter that controls cyclic degradation of saturated sand Set v 1 0 for all practical applications For research purposes check in Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 decimal D MOD2000 Page No 30 YLBL ID Up to 6 alphanumeric characters to describe e g to number the material sets optional Card 4 2 The Pore Water Pressure Dissipation and Redistribution Model and Physical Properties of Soils Part I E Unloading rebound modulus of soil E decimal psf Default generic values for clay is provided in Table B 3 in Appendix B Leave blank to have the program calculate E from the Martin et al 1975 model recommended especially for sand Note that in sand E is a function of e K gt m n where K gt m n are constants defined below 12 Use this option only if E is to be evaluated from special laboratory testing testing program described in Martin et al 1975 paper Otherwise leave this column blank to have D MOD 2 calculate E recommended K Constant used to calculate E from Martin et al 1975 model decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 3 m Constant used to calculate E from Martin et al 1975 model decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 3 Card 4 3 The Pore Water Pressure Dissipation and Redistribution Motel and Physical Propert
67. refer to the respective reference for each relation To enter the data place the cursor on the text box for Rj column and type in the values in kilometers Please note that the default values shown on the Rj and R columns are not representative of any particular field situation Also enter values for Distance based on the attenuation relation being used For example for the Campbell amp Bozorgnia NGA the values on the Distance column will correspond to the values for Ray When computing the attenuation values the program will linearly interpolate between the values entered to obtain the corresponding Rp and R when specific values for a distance are not entered The program will only accept values greater than 1 for distance After you have entered the information for each R and R click on the Ok command button to return to the Ground Motion Attenuation Relations form Each time you place the cursor on the Distance R or R columns the Add and Delete command buttons are enabled If you want to add data for a new Distance place the cursor on the distance where the new values will be located and click on the Add button New values will be created and the values will be the same as those for the Distance immediately below The Delete button is used to delete the data for a D MOD2000 Page No 119 Distance from the table Place the cursor on the Distance Rj or R value column and then click on the Delete button The data for the Distance
68. sm m4 3 1 D MOD2000 Page No 9 The user needs to enter the value for A and select the site classes To select a site class click on the check box next to the class An x will appear in the box when the class is selected You can select all of the classes Once you enter a value for A and select at least one class the Ok command button is enabled You can click on Ok to return to the previous form D MOD2000 Page No 10 Choose Output Directory D MOD2000 Choose Output Directory 5 aj 3 Ok Help Cancel Output Directory C D MOD2000 SAMPLE Directory Dirve amp 9 c System Qc Cy3D MOD2000 This form is used to select the directory where the output files generated by D MOD2000 will be stored There is a directory list box that shows the directories of the current drive and a drive list box that can be used to change drives To select a folder double click on it The folder path will be shown on the text box next to the Output Directory label Once you have selected a directory click on the Ok button to return to the Main Menu or the Earthquake Response Analysis form The output directory will be shown on the output directory cell D MOD2000 Page No 11 Company amp Project Information D MOD2000 Company amp Project Information Ok Open Save Print A Font Logo Reset Help Close Description D MOD2000 Default Report Information Label Information X left Yleft Center in i Pro
69. the modulus reduction value this is KZ mode mo M l mo measured Difference 100 G no measured When returning to the Option 4 form the program will update all of the other materials to change the amp value based on the option selected and recalculate the values of a and B If you change the value of amp on the form but do not select the Update all amp using option then will only change for this material The program will also compute new values for other materials if the value of T or n changes When using the Small y option the program will set minimum and maximum default values of 0 5 and 5 if the values from the damping ratio curve are less or greater than respectively If you still would like to use different values you can manually change them D MOD2000 Page No 80 NEHRP Response Spectra D MOD2000 NEHRP Response Spectra j Reset Help Cancel Site Class Spectral Site Response Coefficients 21 20 g s F 1 amp Hard Rock B Rock S 0 419 gs F 1 3 M C Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock epus C D Stiff Soil 4 sec C E Soil with Vs lt 600 ft s 180 m s X MCE Spectrum c This form is used to select the options and or enter the data necessary to plot a response spectrum in accordance with Section 3 3 of NEHRP Building Seismic Safety Council 2004a amp 2004b The procedure followed to obtain the spectrum starts by first entering spectral ac
70. the number of motions per suite and the size of the seed combination for the analysis respectively Refer to Kottke and Rathje 2007 for more detailed information on these options Data for the target response spectrum i e period spectral acceleration and standard deviation are entered in their respective columns located on the Target Response Spectrum section of the previous form The data can be entered manually i e place the cursor on the text box and type in the numbers or you can copy the data from another application e g Excel and paste them in the respective data colum using the Paste command of the Edit menu item sigmaSpectra uses the periods entered for the target spectrum to compute the response spectrum for the ground motions used in the matching process If you would like to increase the number of periods you can use the Interpolate period option Click on the check box for this option to select it and then use the options in the Period Interpolation section of the form to define the settings and values for the interpolation D MOD2000 Page No 75 After you have selected the ground motion library and set other options and values click on the Compute command button to do the matching Once the program has completed the calculations the results for the first suite of ground motions will be automatically displayed as shown below L sigmaSpectra Suite List Accel Response Spectrum Standard Deviation Time Series
71. time step 1 e first numerical integration step for which data were saved in the master output file will be displayed when loading this form or when changing the variable If you would like to display the results for other time steps click on the left or right arrow buttons to move through the results one time step at a time backwards or forwards respectively Also click and hold the mouse down on the sliding bar and slide the bar to move faster through the time history of results The button with a camcorder icon is used to animate the graph i e a movie like presentation of the results starting at the first time step and automatically continuing until the last time step will be presented To stop the animation click on the icon with the red cross on the camcorder The I lt and I gt buttons will draw the first time step or the entire graph respectively D MOD2000 Page No 103 You can create a movie file AVI that can be played with the Windows Media Player or other players by first selecting the Record Movie option The movie will be saved to the path and file shown on the text box at the bottom of the form If you want to save the movie to a different file click on the open folder icon to change it The number in the Rate text box controls how often a frame is added to the movie For example a value of 5 will indicate that every fifth frame will be added to the movie file In other words when the animation starts the g
72. to display the printer dialog window For this example first place the cursor on the text box next to the Description label Type in a description for the information e g D MOD2000 standard form Press the Tab key to move the cursor to the text box on the Label column for string No 1 and enter Project Next press the Tab key twice to move the cursor to the text box on the X left column and enter 6 05 Press the Tab key once and enter 9 575 on the Y left column Note that the string is now shown on the bottom right corner of the form Next follow the same procedure to enter the following Label X left Y left File No 6 05 9 775 Date 6 05 9 975 Initials 6 05 10 17 The coordinates in this example are such that the text will print on the bottom right corner of the form created in the example of the Report Form Development section of this manual After you have entered the information click on the Save command button to save the data on an ASCII text file The data can be retrieved for future use using the Open command button Each time you place the cursor on either the Label or Information columns the Add and Delete command buttons are enabled If you want to add data for a new line place the cursor on the line where the new line will be located and click on the Add button A new line will be created and the coordinates and thickness for the new line will be the same as those for the line immediately below Now you need to modify the
73. to enter a value for the static factor of safety Based on the method proposed by Houston et al 1987 the static factor of safety is used to compute the upslope component of the yield acceleration based on the following equation E T os 1 Gy upslope i Gy downslop FS 1 static Where a downslope is the downslope value of yield acceleration To enter the static factor of safety place the cursor on the text box next to the Static Factor of Safety label and enter the value When working with English units a default value of 386 4 in sec is used for the acceleration due to gravity A value of 981 cm sec is used when working with SI units However you can change this value to obtain the results using a different system of units Select a different acceleration value by clicking on the down arrow key of the list box next to the Acceleration due to Gravity label and choose a new value After you have entered all the information the displacements are computed automatically The results will be displayed in the Maximum Minimum and Average displacement text boxes A value of displacement is computed by using the acceleration data as they are saved in the input file If the acceleration time history is significantly unsymmetrical then Houston et al 1987 recommend that the history be reversed A second value of displacement is calculated by first reversing the acceleration time history i e the sign of each value is changed and then by co
74. to the layer number entered in the Output Generated for Layer text box Display Print Input amp Output Options To print the EDT or Input file first click on the Print EDT File or the Print Input File option respectively and then click on the Print command button This will display the Print EDT and Input Files form The Print Summary of Master Output File option will display the first section of the master output file i e the input data and the bottom section of the master output file i e the table of maximum values After you have selected this option click on the Print button to display the form Plotting Options To execute a plot option click on the option to select it and then click on the Plot button to plot the data saved in the file The file for each option is formed by using the path shown in the text box next to the Directory of Output Files label the file name shown in the Name of Plot Files text box and the file extension for each option For example the c D MOD2000 output exampleaux acc file would store the acceleration values for each soil layer for every numerical integration step used The data in this file would be read when using any of the options in this group Maximum Values This option will plot a graph of the maximum values for acceleration shear strain normalized shear stress and PWP Ratio versus depth along the soil column After selecting this option click on the Plot command button to display t
75. type enter the total number of columns of data on each row For example for the above example you would enter a 4 Next place the cursor on the text box below the Acceleration Column In this text box you enter the number of the column that forms the acceleration value In the above example this is the second column thus you would enter a 2 Then place the cursor on the Format text box Formatted Data If you did not select the Free Format option then you need to provide either the number of values per row and the length as number of characters of the values or the number of data columns per row the number of the column with the acceleration values and the length as number of characters of the columns For the first alternative you need to define the way the values are separated in each row by indicating the number of values per row and the number of characters that form each value The number of characters should be the same for every value For example 4 values per row each value is 15 characters long including blank spaces and exponent 1059027E 04 1461820E 04 1690261E 04 1506594E 04 8 values per row each value is 9 characters long including blank spaces 0 00000 0 00434 0 00860 0 00540 0 00565 0 00944 0 00369 0 00669 8 values per row each value is 9 characters long 0 000001 0 000002 0 000001 0 000001 0 000000 0 000001 0 000000 0 000001 After you have entered the data for number of values time s
76. will be removed from the table and the information for the other Distances updated accordingly The Reset command button will delete all the information on the table and display the default values The Save command button is used to save the data in a text file for future use These data can be retrieved using the Open command button The Rjb Rx command button can be used to compute values of R and R for the distances shown on the Distance column or Rp on the figure The computation of the distance is based on the geometries shown on the following figures a b and c included in the PEER NGA Excel spreadsheet 1 Rx positive 1 i Rx Rp positive i E Site Surface z I LI I Zror i 4 Rra LI p LI P DIP Width Fault Width a Strike slip faulting b Reverse or normal faulting hanging wall site Rx negative 1 Rp Surface Width c Reverse or normal faulting foot wall site For the computation of the Rj and Ra distances the program will first assume default values of either R or R and then use the equations presented by Kaklamanos et al 2010 to compute Ra For these equations the value of the source to site azimuth can be entered in the Azimuth text box D MOD2000 Page No 120 The information and data used for the computation i e dip style of faulting Zror and width are entered in the Gro
77. 0 1 00 10 9 1 00 0 017 Yd max 106 pcf Wildlife Site Sand A WSA void ratio 0 84 Vucetic and Dobry v to 0 85 37 96 fines N 5 V 350 ft s 1988 9 8x 10 1 0 2 0 1 04 2 6 1 70 0 020 Wildlife Site Sand B WSB void ratio 0 74 Vucetic and Dobr to 0 76 25 fines N 6 to 13 V 450 to y 6 6 x 10 1 0 2 0 1 04 2 6 1 70 0 020 1988 500 ft s Heber Road Site Sand PB void ratio 0 70 15 Vucetic and Dobry zd fines V 500 to 600 ft s 1988 1 4x 10 1 0 2 0 1 05 1 706 1 09 0 024 Heber Road Site Sand CF void ratio 0 70 22 Vucetic and Dobry 5 fines V 400 to 466 fi s 1988 3 9x 10 1 0 1 0 1 071 1 333 1 08 0 022 Santa Monica Beach Sand SMB clean uniform beach sand similar to Monterey No Matasovic 4 0 void ratio 0 56 zero fines dense V 1993 JAK 2B B Don Ne 1 09 Oral 867 ft s Owi Island Sand at depths from 6 to 14 m Thilakaratne and b g s silty fine sand placed as hydraulic fill 6 6 x 10 1 0 2 0 1 005 3 0 1 80 0 025 Vucetic 1987 18 96 fines 35 96 Owi Island Silt at depth of 6 m placed as Thilakaratne and 4 hydraulic fill 50 lt fines lt 85 Vucetic 1987 RUM i 29 0 23 Am 1 60 0 015 Notes D Grain size distribution curves for all of the sands and silts listed in this table are shown in Figure A 1 All model parameters were developed based upon cyclic DSS strain controlled testing References listed in this column contain more detailed material characterization informatio
78. 0 Damping Soil with Pl 100 OCR 1 8 Vucetic amp Dobry JGE 1 91 Soil Pl 200 Damping Soil with Pl 200 OCR 1 8 Vucetic amp Dobry JGE 1 91 Sand Damping for SAND February 1971 YB Mud Damping for Young Bay Mud Waste S amp M Damping for Waste Material Singh amp Murphy 1990 To select a damping curve click on the material to highlight it and then on the Choose command button You will return to the MKZ Non Linear Stress Strain Model form You can also double click on the material to select it and return to the MKZ model form Some of the curves included with D MOD2000 where obtained from the following references Sukhmander Singh and Bruce J Murphy 1990 Kavazanjian E Jr Matasovic N and Caldwell J 1998 Idriss I M Fiegel Gregg Hudson Martin B Mundy Peter K and Herzig Roy 1995 Gazetas G and Dakoulas P 1992 Seed H B Wong R T Idriss I M and Tokimatsu K 1986 Vucetic M and Dobry R 1991 Rollins K M Evans M D Diehl N B and Daily W D III 1998 Yegian M K Harb J N and Kadakal U 1998 Makdisi F I and Seed H B 1978 Schnabel P B 1973 Seed H B and Idriss I M 1970 Sun J I Golesorkhi R and Seed H B 1988 Wehling et al 2003 Darendeli M 2001 EPRI 1993 Roblee and Chiou 2004 Martirosyan et al 2003 Singh and Donovan 1977 Matasovic N 1993 and Zekkos et al 2008 D MOD2000 Page No 38 Database of G G max Curves
79. 00 Page No 51 Graphics Print Menu MOD2000 Graphics Print Menu Set graph coordinates and dimensions X coordinate 0 75 in E Width 10 in Y coordinate 0 75in Height 6 45in Note Origin 0 0 of coordinates at upper left corner of paper sheet Set other graph options X Print in color Save as Windows metafile Print report form P Physical Page Printer paper size and orientation LORI Brother MFC 420CN USB Printer Letter 8 1 2 x 11in Cr EE E The graph can also be printed using the System Property Page of the graphics server To do so click on the toolbar at the top of the graphics window to display the property pages Select the System tab You can also use this page to save an image of the graph to a file in either metafile or bitmap format For further information or help click on the question mark icon D MOD2000 uses the standard printer dialog form from Windows to select a printer and or to change the properties of the printer and paper used to print the graph This form can be displayed by clicking on the Printer command button Print Setup Printer Name S MFC 420CN USB Printer Properties Status Ready Type Brother MFC 420CN USB Printer Where USB001 Comment Brother MFC 420CN USB Paper Orientation Size Letter C Portrait Source Auto Select Landscape Network OK Cancel me Lem Every time the size or position of the graph is
80. 01 CEUS Single Corner X Youngs Chiou Silva amp Humphrey 1997 Magnitude 7 5 Distance km 10 Depth km E Dip deo 90 ib km 10 Rs km 10 Median C MzSigma C M f1 Sigma Curve for specific period T X Axis Frequency Plot Target SPC Shear Wave Velocity to 30 m 760 m sec NGA Parameters Ztor or top km DEF Z1 0 km DEF Z 2 5 km DEF Width km DEF Site Class Site Class amp Site Class B C Site Class C C Site Class D C Site Class E Atkinson amp Boore Cascadia Japan C Other Component Horizontal c CMS Epsilon f1 Period 0 1 Y Style of Faulting Generic Normal blique Dther Unspecified Reverse Reverse Oblique Reverse Thrust Strike Slip Subduction Thrust Subduction C Interface Intraslab eeceeveveee Hanging Wall Abrahamson Bozorgnia Chiou amp Youngs Stewart Duration A amp S 1996 BSA 2009 K amp S 2006 Ground Motion Parameter C Peak Ground Acceleration C Peak Ground Velocity Acceleration Spectrum GM WA Velocity Spectrum Other Site Conditions amp Options E a l ABA Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 Deep Soil ARS NGA and CAY NGA Vs Estimated A amp S NGA and C amp Y NGA Aftershock Akkar amp Bommer Stiff Soft Atkinson amp Boore 2003 Regional SD Atkinson amp Boore 2006 ENA Soil Berge Thierry et al Europe Alluvi
81. 2000 Movie PwPmovie avi Layer 2 DS 1 Site DS 1 Site Time 23 7 sec Time 23 8 sec o m m w S Acceleration g s Depth ft w B soba tir iti TT TUTUP 04 05 Time sec PWP Ratio D M CD2000 AVI File 2 MOD2000 AVI Fie This form is used to play up to 2 movies created with D MOD2000 To select a movie click on the open folder icon browse to the folder where the movie file AVI is located and click on Open Then click on the Play gt command button to start the videos To pause the movie click on Il and then on gt to start the movie again To return to the D MOD2000 main menu form click on the cross button on the upper right corner of the form to close this form D MOD2000 Page No 131 Yield Acceleration Function D MOD2000 Yield Acceleration Function al a Help Cancel Time Yield Acc sec g s 0 joa add 10 0 08 DU o Remove o 05 Reset Description Yield Acceleration Function This form is used to enter data to define a yield accleration K function i e a description of a change in K with time or displacement Houston et al 1987 Matasovic et al 1998 You need to enter a value for either time in seconds or for displacement in the units selected for gravity in the Newmark Displacement Analysis form and a value for yield acceleration in g s To enter the data fir
82. 28 1 036 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 45 1 9 00 0 200 0 200 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 62 4 9 20 1 791 0 245 1 003 0 543 0 000 0 000 0 000 80 2 9 20 3 040 0 597 2 354 0 089 0 000 0 000 0 000 01 0 9 20 0 738 0 228 0 510 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 45 1 9 20 0 106 0 086 0 020 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 Summary statistics for above PSHA PGA deaggregation R distance e epsilon Contribution from this GMPE 100 0 Mean src site R 52 4 km M 7 23 eps0 1 52 Mean calculated for all sources Modal src site R 80 2 km M 9 00 epsO 1 20 from peak R M bin MODE R 80 2km M 9 00 EPS INTERVAL 1 to 2 sigma CONTRIB 5 550 Modal source dmetric distance to rupture surface Rrup or Rod Principal sources faults subduction random seismicity having 3 contribution Source Category contr R km M epsilonO mean values Cascadia M8 3 M8 7 Floating 7 44 77 8 8 53 1 54 Cascadia Megathrust 23 04 77 8 9 02 1 35 WUS Compr crustal gridded 10 87 8 3 6 12 Lll 50 km Deep Intraplate 43 46 539 5 6 61 1 99 Puget Lowlands gridded 14 13 TD 6531 0 94 Individual fault hazard details if its contribution to mean hazard 2 Fault ID contr Rcd km M epsilonO Site to src azimuth d d End of deaggregation corresponding to Mean Hazard w all GMPEs g For this example the pair with the highest epsilon interval contribution corresponds to an M 9 0 event at a distance of 80 2 km highlighted in yellow For this particular pair
83. 287 15 3736 1 9944 Marine Clay OCR 4 0 Matasovic and Vucetic 1995 0 1 0 042 0 423 11 2634 21 4595 11 2404 1 0443 Notes The PWP generation cyclic degradation of clay model parameters have been developed based upon strain controlled testing of five marine clays VNP VTCA VTCB VTCC and VTCD clays These clays are characterized in Figure B 1 Note index properties of these clays 50 PI 100 20 lt LL x 60 Reference cited in this column contain more detailed material characterization information as well as verification of curve fitting constants and material parameters on case histories Volumetric threshold shear strain Valid for 0 y lt 0 15 y shear strain D MOD2000 Page No 156 Table B 3 Pore Water Pressure Dissipation Model Sand and Clay Typical Values of k Er and Martin s PWP Dissipation Model Curve Fitting Constants k E Martin s PWP Dissipation Material ft sec Reference sf Model p K m n Ottawa Sand D 44 1 x 107 to 1 x 10 Bhatia 1981 N A 0 0025 0 43 0 62 Crystal Silica Sand D 45 Ov 4 3 1 000 4 000 psf 1x10 to1x10 Martin et al 1975 N A 0 0025 0 43 0 62 Monterey No 0 Sand SP D 6096 Dso 4 3 036mm C 0 9 C 1 5 1x10 to1x10 Bhatia 1981 N A 0 0025 0 43 0 62 Marine Clays 50 x PI lt 100 20 LL lt 8 7 6 60 1 lt OCR lt 4 1x 10 to1x 10 Matasovic 1993 7 53 x 10 N A N A N A
84. 3 Enter value for new position in input file Enter the value for the new position of an option in the input file For example if you set Option 4 Material Properties in position 4 and Option 7 Input Motion in position 3 you will need to reorganize your input file so that D MOD 2 executes Option 4 before Option 7 To do this click on Option 4 on input file option s list of the Non Linear Earthquake Response Analysis form and then click the Order button Then enter 3 on the data cell and click on the Ok button Control will be returned to the Non Linear Earthquake Response Analysis form and the options will be reorganized automatically To cancel this action without modifying the order click on the Cancel button D MOD2000 Page No 69 Legend Text D MOD2000 Legend Text Reset Help pm Curve 1 Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 Rock shallow soil Strike Slip M 7 5 Curve 2 Curve 3 Curve 4 Curve 5 This form is displayed by clicking on the Legends command button on the graphics window When the form is displayed the legends for the first five curves are shown in the text boxes To edit the legend place the cursor on the text box and enter the new legend Each legend has a maximum length of 80 characters To display the legends for the following set of five curves click on the Next button Click on the Ok button to return to the graphics window If you don t want to modify the legends click
85. 41 7 9576 36721 8 4207 4 5901 Rib Rx p5543 ss02 g Azimuth 9 5465 6 4262 33 10 1871 7 3443 Fak 108676 8 2623 Normal n ns s1903 H Foot Wall 12 3214 10 0984 13 0844 11 0164 13 8662 11 9345 14 6638 12 8525 G Rib amp Rx Distance Description D MOD2000 Short Course Rrup Rib amp Rx distances Rib amp Rx Distance File C Geotechnical GeoMotions ShortCourse D MOD RrupDistance RJX Reset This form is used to enter Rp or the closest distance to the surface projection of fault rupture used by the Akkar amp Bommer 2007 Europe Middle East Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2008 NGA Boore D amp Atkinson G 2008 NGA Chiou B amp Youngs R 2008 NGA and the R distance used by the NGA attenuation relations Note that the program will plot the PHA vs Distance where for the NGA equations the distance is Rup and for Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 it is Ri Accordingly for the NGA relations Rj and R should be computed and entered in the Rj and Rx columns of the Ri and R Distance form Similarly for the Boore amp Atkinson NGA relation the program will also plot the PHA vs Distance wherein distance is assumed to be R up but the program will use Rj entered in the respective column of the Rj and R Distance form for the computations For further information on these distances please
86. 501sec Mean Period Tm 0 332 sec Husid Plot Fourier Spectrum Plot Ground Motion Amplitude vs Period Response Spectrum Smooth Points 0 Power Spectrum This form presents various parameters used to characterize a ground motion which can then be used to select a representative time history for site specific response analyses These parameters include peak ground acceleration Arias Intensity Root Mean Square of the acceleration time history RMSA bracketed duration Trifunac amp Brady duration and predominant period Hu et al 1996 Kavazanjian et al 1997 Kramer 1996 In addition you can plot a graph of the Normalized Arias Intensity or Husid Plot together with the ground motion and the computed and smoothed Fourier Amplitude Spectra The Peak Acceleration Value is the maximum absolute acceleration value of the time history The energy content of the acceleration time history provides another means of characterizing strong ground motions A measure of the total energy content of a ground motion is given by the Arias Intensity which is defined by the following relation Where fy is the duration of ground shaking a t the ground acceleration and g is the acceleration of gravity A plot of the increase of the energy content as a ratio of the total energy versus time is known as a Normalized Husid Plot The root mean square of the acceleration time history or RMSA is also used as a measure of the energ
87. 6 Attenuation Relations of Strong Ground Motion in Japan Using site Classification Based on Predominant Period Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 96 No 3 pp 898 913 June 2006 D MOD2000 Page No 145 D MOD2000 Page No 146 Appendix A Generic Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants for Total Stress Analysis D MOD2000 Page No 147 D MOD2000 Page No 148 Table A 1 Curve Fitting Constants of the MKZ Stress Strain Model Part A Liquefiable Sands and Silts Material Reference 3 yt Banding Sand BS poorly graded commercially available sand D 40 D5 0 19 C 0 9 C 1 4 Yamax 106 pcf Dobry et al 1985 modified 5 Wildlife Site Sand A WSA lose silty sand that liquefied in the past void ratio 0 84 to 0 85 D 20 37 fines N 5 V 350 ft s Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 0 00128 ymo 1 Wildlife Site Sand B WSB loose silty sand that liquefied in the past void ratio 0 74 to 0 76 D 25 25 fines N 6 to 13 V 450 to 500 ft s Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 0 00163 ymo 1 Heber Road Site Sand CF lose sand void ratio 0 70 D 40 96 V x 400 to 466 ft s Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 0 00046 ymo 1 Heber Road Site Sand PB medium dense clean sand that liquefied in the past void ratio 0 70 D 45 V 500 to 600 ft s Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 0 00088 ymo
88. 6 1 M 510092 12 KA 466243 13 13 461648 14 M 588316 15 15 603417 gt Target Response Spectrum Wildlife Site Superstition Hills 360 Degrees Surface Target Response Spectrum File C D MOD 200045 ample wildS urface360deg tat This form is used to enter values for a user defined spectrum that can be plotted together with other spectra or spectra values used with the Ratio of Response Spectrum analysis You need to enter a value for the period in seconds and a value for the spectra values in the appropriate dimensions To enter the data first place the cursor on the text box for the Period column and type in the value Next press the Tab key once to move the cursor to the text box for the PSV Sa or Spectral Value column and type in the value for the spectra An alternative way of entering the data is to use one of the standard spectra available in D MOD2000 The form used to define one of the standard spectra can be displayed by clicking on the Attenuate EuroCode IBC or NEHRP command button For example clicking on the Attenuate command button will display the Ground Motion Attenuation Relations form In this form select one attenuation relation enter the parameters or select the options used by the attenuation relation and then click on the Plot command button You need to plot the spectra to calculate the values This also helps you determine if the spectrum is t
89. 7 Gulf Region of NA References Toro G R Abrahamson N A and Schneider J F 1997 Silva W Pyke R Youngs R and Idriss I M 1996 Electric Power Research Institute EPRI 1993 and Toro Gabriel R 2002 25 Toro et al 1997 Mid Continent of NA References Toro G R Abrahamson N A and Schneider J F 1997 Silva W Pyke R Youngs R and Idriss I M 1996 Electric Power Research Institute EPRI 1993 and Toro Gabriel R 2002 26 Youngs Chiou Silva amp Humphrey 1997 Reference Youngs R R Chiou S J Silva W J and Humphrey J R 1997 27 Zhao et al 2006 Japan Reference John X Zhao et al 2006 Three equations for prediction of significant duration are also provided 28 Abrahamson amp Silva 1996 Reference Abrahamson and Silva 1996 29 Bommer Stafford amp Alarcon 2009 Reference Bommer et al 2009 30 Kempton amp Stewart 2006 Reference Kempton and Stewart 2006 Please refer to the above references for detailed information on the use and application of these attenuation relations To plot an attenuation relation first select what type of plot you would like to use by choosing one of the four options on the top right section of the form There are four options Peak Ground Acceleration Peak Ground Velocity Acceleration Spectrum and Velocity Spectrum Depending on what type of ground motion parameter you choose different relations will be availa
90. 8 Note that NBT and NBB are used by the program only when NPTYPE 3 The irregular stress strain behavior accuracy control number No 1 0 Do not recalculate all time dependant variables with two smaller time steps each time when reversal in stress strain loop occurs this option speeds up calculation 1 Recalculate all time dependant variables with two smaller time steps each time when reversal in stress strain loop occurs recommended The irregular stress strain behavior accuracy control number No 2 0 Do not apply correction forces for the departure of the stress point from the stress strain curve this option speeds up calculation 1 Apply correction forces for the departure of the stress point from the stress strain curve recommended Number of the top saturated soil layer considered for pore water pressure generation and dissipation calculation D MOD2000 Page No 25 NLAST Number of the bottom saturated soil layer considered for pore water pressure generation and dissipation calculation Note that saturated soil lies between NFIRST and NLAST layer including these two layers D MOD2000 Page No 26 D MOD Option 2 Layer Description Card D MOD2000 Option 2 Soil Profile Help Cancel Soil Profile Set Identification Wildlife Site Analytical Soil Profile Material Number of Thickness Width GWT Control PWP Control Material Type Subdivisions ft ft Number Number Description 4 Iu
91. AL TILL GRND LEV 2 STORY BLDG AR 240 CHANNEL 1 N315E SCALE 1 925 PER 0520 DAMP 59 EVENT 1975 JAN 01 03 55 61 920N 149 720W 58KM M 6 0 V EPIC DIST 81KM AZIMUTH AT STN 183 FILTERS HI PASS 0 15HZ ORD 3 LO 50 100HZ TAPER BASELINE YEAR 0 JULIAN DAY 0 HOUR 0 MINUTE 0 SECOND 0 COMPONENT SAMPLES SEC 200 FILTER TYPE BUTTERWORTH CORNER 0 15 ORDER 3 DATA TYPE AC NO OF POINTS 3720 UNITS CM SEC 2 CM SEC AND CM D MOD2000 Page No 99 049344 0 011564 0 044214 0 036526 0 027073 0 039972 0 039483 0 030785 035475 0 026584 0 014714 0 013246 0 000550 0 000876 0 007465 0 015113 009943 0 012849 0 011799 0 012492 0 013971 0 011197 0 011350 0 016224 002152 0 000184 0 001245 0 003100 0 001377 0 001204 0 003773 0 003376 002223 0 002468 0 002356 0 001785 0 000602 0 000215 0 000439 0 000572 This example shows the top 12 and bottom 2 lines of an acceleration time history file Using this information you will need to enter the following data to describe the time history No Values This is the total number of acceleration values that form the object motion file For the above example there are 3720 points in the file thus you will enter 3720 in this cell Time step Enter the time interval between each acceleration value For this example it is SAMPLES SEC or 1 200 0 005 second
92. ALM SPR P D 300 USGS STATION 5070 PALM SPRINGS 07 08 86 0920 N PALM SPR P O 210 USGS STATION 5070 NAHANNI CANADA 12 23 85 SITE 2 330 Ground Motion File No Values Time Step ScaleAcc No Header Yalues Line Format Crustal T CUO 0 W_AT2 eq 18000 0 005 8 8 8F9 6 a Source File Chi Chis TCUO70 W_AT2 txt D MOD2000 Conversion 18000 005 8 8 3 8 95 Acceleration Units g s No Values 18000 Time Step 005 secs Data Format 89 6 No Header Lines 8 PEER STRONG MOTION DATABASE RECORD PROCESSING BY PACIFIC ENGINEERING v Damping Ratios in decimal 05 Period spacing File for Response Spectra Data C D MoOD2000 0 uakes Crustal LOBO90_AT2 spc 0 01 sec xj x C D MOD2000 0 uakes Crustal LOBO90_AT2 eq No Values Time Step ScaleAcc No Header Values Line No Digits E X Path to Earthquake Files EAD MOD2000 Quakes This form is used to compute the response spectra for a ground motion The routine used by D MOD2000 is based on the SPECTR computer program Donovan 1972 To compute the response spectra first select a ground motion file There are two ways you can select a ground motion file First you can use the information stored in the D MOD2000 EQ file or second by using the Other command button to select a file and then entering the information necessary to read the data 1 Ground Motion Files defined in D C MOD2000 EQ Included with D MOD2000 is
93. AR file will be used This option is used to facilitate the calibration of the nonlinear analysis against an equivalent linear analysis when estimating the viscous damping When using this option you can change the values of T n and amp After changing these values click on the D MOD command button to conduct a new analysis After the D MOD DOS window closes click on Process to process the output file and then click on Plot to compare the spectra To change the VAR file click on the Time Dependant Variables for a Layer option and then on Plot The next time you use the calibration option you will be asked for a new VAR file The best way to estimate viscous damping is by calibrating the D MOD analysis against an equivalent linear i e SHAKE analysis that has a constant value of viscous damping at all frequencies To this end n and can be evaluated in an iterative procedure as follows 1 Develop a SHAKE column and perform the SHAKE analysis to obtain the response spectrum at the surface level Limit the input ground motion to lt 0 4 g s and shear strains to lt 0 5 2 Develop the D MOD column to match the SHAKE column as close as possible and use n 5 and amp z 0 5 3 Perform the nonlinear analysis using the D MOD command button D MOD2000 Page No 93 4 Compare the response spectrum from SHAKE to the response spectrum from D MOD use the Process command button to process the output file load the VAR file and then plo
94. Analysis cyclic degradation of material properties with hydraulic interaction between layers i e dynamic response pore water pressure generation pore water pressure dissipation and redistribution Number of material soil layers in the profile min 2 max 50 student version or max 200 full version Note Single degree of freedom system can be analyzed by specifying NLAYER 1 Number of material soil property sets specified min 2 max 50 student version or max 200 full version Half space control number 0 Half space is infinitely stiff omit Option 5 in this case 1 Half space is visco elastic Setting ITMBY 0 simulates an infinitely stiff half space Use this option to specify an in hole i e within motion Setting ITMBY 1 introduces a fictitious layer transmitting boundary at the base of the profile Use this option to simulate the outcropping motion Note that for this fictitious layer only the absolute velocity is printed in the master output file System of units to be used in the master input and master output files D MOD2000 Page No 24 NLINEL NDAMP NBT NBB ITERRV ICKFB NFIRST 6699 0 Ib ft sec system U S except acceleration which is in g 1 metric Stress Strain model control number applies to all layers in the profile 0 Linear elastic model is used i e T Gmo 1 Non linear hysteretic model
95. D MOD2000 A Computer Program for Seismic Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits Earthfill Dams and Solid Waste Landfills User s Manual Neven Matasovic Gustavo A Ord ez Pseudo Absolute Acceleration g Period sec Copyright 2007 2011 GeoMotions LLC All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage or retrieval systems without the prior written permission of GeoMotions LLC D MOD2000 Page No ii D MOD2000 A Computer Program Package for Seismic Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits Earthfill Dams and Solid Waste Landfills By Neven Matasovic Ph D Gustavo A Ord ez GeoMotions LLC September 2011 Revision D MOD2000 Page No iii D MOD2000 Page No iv Terms and Conditions for Licensing the Software YOU SHOULD READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SOFTWARE INSTALLATION OF THE SOFTWARE INTO YOUR COMPUTER INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THEM YOU SHOULD RETURN THE PACKAGE PROMPTLY AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED These programs are provide
96. Degradable Clays eese enne 97 Plot M ximutri Values 1 hee e amd Ha RH Hp tede e e EE eee Linee nta 98 D MOD2000 Page No ix Plot Object Motion eic e bee e dote ec e o P ese ee 99 Plot Partial Results at Uniform Time Step eese eene nennen 103 Plot Response SpeCctr m ne tuit Ue eto Ce He oct ila eri Len SR pe pete stayed eel tuewsceds 105 Plot Soil Profile 4 56 ertt trece tete teh EN e uf UAI C DE n suf 107 Plot Time Histories une ei Pe Pep nde d e ep eene E ee eeu e 108 Print Menu ias E pe eee eet ee ren e MUS 110 Report Form Developments esere a enne ener e eren neee trennen tenete nennt 112 Response Spectra for Ground Motion essere eene 114 Response Spectrum Plot Ment eire pg ee reete need pedet diese eee teet dope eed pee 117 Bio amp Re Distatice eene rhet Rr I sedendendsibeshesudestesteveesesosvoseceitsersenrdeegecsevtesress 119 Soil Column Layers s ne pnn aa MU lee etches EE eig ii eddy A a MR PIT ERR dS 122 Soil Profile Information sinaosan i E E Hoe Deuter eee ERE Ree aslo eames 123 Target User Defined Response Spectrum esseeseseeeeeeeeeeeee eene nennen nnne nennen 124 UBC 1907 Response SDpeCtraz eite oerte in eee erred ee Maced ance td ree 126 U S Geological Survey Seismic Hazard esses enne eead 127 Video Player aie td euo ese o RE eed te OT E p Re 131 Yield Acceleration Function 2 etie rette ree eadeni eee er
97. ERATION 161 63023 CMS SEC SEC AT 10 9400 SEC S152 29 Sol 309 364 125 134 LIT 17 176 147 49 86 88 69 103 15 65 234 176 27 86 26 42 26 L85 181 The fifth line of the header section indicates that the units are seconds and G 10 and from the tenth line you can see that the acceleration values are given in cm sec Thus to convert the values to g s you need first to divide each value by 10 and then divide the result by 980 665 For example for the first value of 152 E S10 015500 980 665 However this is equivalent to multiplying each value by a factor of 1 9806 65 or 0 000102 Thus you would enter a value of 0 000102 in the Multiplier text box If you select the Other option of the Output Units list you can enter a description of the other units e g gals in the Other Units text box The RspMatch option of the Output Units list is used to convert files to a format compatible with the RspMatch computer program After selecting the multiplication factor place the cursor on the text box below the Database Header Line label or Option 7 Set ID Line label if converting a file for use in Option 7 of D MOD 2 Here you would enter a value that represents the line from the header section that will be used to identify the converted file in the database of ground motion files or in the set identification of Option 7 For example for the above record you could use the first line to be included in the database thus yo
98. Export Rank Jedian Erro Stdev Erro za 0 0742 0 4677 0 0736 0 4787 0 0730 0 4754 0 0730 0 4771 0 0729 0 4884 0 0727 0 4987 0 0721 0 4890 0 0708 0 4769 0 0704 0 4838 rn e un oon On fw M e jo o ejojoj jojoi o Spectral Accel g 5 o in SE o i Period s Motions of Selected Suite Name Scale PGA g PGV cm s PGD m Dur 5 75 s Dur 5 95 s 1 Duzce 1061 E 2 36 0 31 32 24 19 31 8 92 15 63 DUZCE 11 12 99 1061 E LAMONT STATION 1061 2 Imperial Valley H CPE147 1 69 0 29 19 62 7 18 16 52 29 71 IMPERIAL VALLEY 10 15 79 2316 CERRO PRIETO 1 3 Imperial Valley H PTS225 1 99 0 22 35 32 24 47 6 99 17 93 IMPERIAL VALLEY 10 15 79 2316 PARACHUTE TEST 4 Landers MVHO00 1 64 0 31 27 36 15 58 20 43 30 95 LANDERS 6 28 92 1158 MORANGO VALLEY 000 US 5 Morgan Hill G06000 2 00 0 44 22 76 4 90 3 12 7 29 MORGAN HILL 04 24 84 04 24 GILROY ARRAY 6 C 6 Morgan Hill GILO67 5 25 0 60 18 69 4 59 5 04 8 58 MORGAN HILL 04 24 84 04 24 GILROY GAVILAN COI 7 Parkfield c 12320 4 05 0 26 27 38 14 37 14 74 26 62 PARKFIELD 06 28 66 04 26 CHOLAME 12 320 CD v lt gt This form shows the response spectra for each ground motion on the suite the target median and median standard deviation response spectra and the ground motion files that form the suite It also lists the different suites created on the upper left corner of the form To vie
99. If you want to print the string centered at this point then click on the check box of the Center column to select it an x is shown on the check box when this option is selected The string will be vertically centered with respect to the Y coordinate To change the font type size or style of a string click on the Font command button to display the font dialog form Select a different font size or style and then click on Ok to return to the form The information for the string s font will be displayed on the Font Style and Size text boxes Every time you move the cursor to a text box on the Label or Information columns the characteristics of the font for the string will be displayed on the respective text boxes You can also display a logo on the page at a specific location The position of the logo is determined by the coordinates for the upper left and bottom right corners of a rectangle as entered in the coordinate text boxes at the bottom of the form This logo should be a bitmap metafile or an icon type file To select a D MOD2000 Page No 12 logo click on the Logo command button to display the file dialog window select a file and then click on the Open command button Then enter the coordinates for the box where in the logo will be displayed The example described in the following paragraph is for a letter size paper 8 5 x 11 and portrait orientation To change paper type or orientation click on the Printer command button
100. N PALM SPR P O 300 USGS STATION 5070 PALM SPRINGS 07 08 86 0320 N PALM SPR P O 210 USGS STATION 5070 NAHANNI CANADA 12 23 85 SITE 2 330 Description of Ground Motion File used in Database LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 SANTA CRUZ UCSC LICK OBS 090 CDMG STATION 58135 Ground Motion File No Values Time Step Max Acc No Header Values Line Format LOBOS0_AT2 eq 7 8 8 F38 X Path to Earthquake Files C D MOD2000 Quakes This form is used to edit the database of ground motion files used by D MOD2000 The information about the files e g file name number of values etc is saved in the D MOD2000 EQ file and can be accessed by different features of DD MOD2000 to get the information for the ground motion For example this database can be accessed from the Option 7 editor form to select a ground motion file used in the D MOD 2 analysis or from the response spectra form to select a ground motion for which the response spectra is computed The editing functions that can be performed with this form are twofold First you can edit the data for an existing ground motion file or you can remove a file from the database Second you can add the information about a new file in the database Edit Information about a Ground Motion File To display this form you need to first select the Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database option of the Analyses amp Utilities form and then click on
101. ND OF AGRAM DATA string It is also assumed that the acceleration values are in cm sec units Once the number of header lines acceleration values and time interval are determined the program will proceed to convert the ground motion file Please note that the USGS files contain data for 6 seismograms For example am0 am0b mOfa 1 642E 25 0 000EH 00 npw2 dt total duration 16384 0 00500 81 9 Begin Scaled Accelerogram Data T Al cm s2 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 0 0000 8 2623E 04 2 9951E 04 3 0377E 04 2 8430E 04 3 0169E 04 4 7918E 04 In the above section of a USGS file the first column corresponds to the time for the acceleration value and the A1 through A6 columns each correspond to a different seismogram By default the program will read the acceleration values for the first column of acceleration data i e the A1 column If you wish to obtain the data for any of the other acceleration columns change the value on the Acceleration Column text box as explained below Another option that applies to the USGS files is Match Sa The motions downloaded from the USGS web site are no longer scaled to the probabilistic motion For example for the 1996 synthetic seismogram option if the probabilistic 2 second spectral acceleration for the 296 probability of exceedance in 50 years was 0 1 g then each seismogram was scaled so that its 2 second spectral acceleration with 5 damping was 0 1 g This is no longer the case for
102. Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 24 40 Atkinson G M and Boore D M 2003 Empirical Ground Motion Relations for Subduction Zone Earthquakes and Their Application to Cascadia and Other Regions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 93 No 4 pp 1703 1729 August 2003 Atkinson G M and Boore D M 2006 Earthquake Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 96 No 6 pp 2181 2205 December 2006 Atkinson G M and Boore D M 2008 Erratum to Empirical Ground Motion Relations for Subduction Zone Earthquakes and Their Application to Cascadia and Other Regions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 98 No 5 pp 2567 2569 October 2008 Atkinson Gail M and David M Boore 2011 Modifications to Existing Ground Motion Prediction Equations in Light of New Data Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 101 No 3 pp 1121 1135 June 2011 Atkinson G M and Silva W 2000 Stochastic Modeling of California Ground Motions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Volume 90 pp 255 274 Baker Jack W 2009 The Conditional Mean Spectrum A tool for ground motion selection ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering in press Baker J W and Jayaram N 2008 Correlation of spectral acceleration values from NGA ground motion models Earthquake Spectra 24 1 299
103. Set No Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Set Identification 1 wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial Dynamic Analysis Solution Time Step INTYP NC NCPR NCPRM NPLD sec 19382 50 fioo 2 o 005 NEQ Set equal to 1 this version of the program reads only single horizontal acceleration time history from the accelerogram input file INTYP Set equal to 1 this version of the program performs step by step numerical integration using Newmark s Beta method NC Total number of numerical integrations to be performed by the program Note that if NC is set as NC NCARD NREC recommended see option 7 the entire accelerogram will be used to calculate the dynamic response of the deposit NCPR Partial number of numerical integrations to be performed prior to printing time history values in the master output file For example if the time step of the numerical integration is 0 01 seconds and NCPR is 100 then values will be printed in the master output file for every second since 100 0 01 1 NCPRM This variable controls what will be printed in the master output file In other words it is used to specify partial number of numerical integrations to be performed prior to printing peaks of the time histories in the master output file For example if the time step of numerical integration is 0 01 seconds and NCPRM 500 then maximum values that occurred in intervals of 0 5 5 10 seconds etc will be printed in the master outpu
104. Then click on the Ok button to return to the Response Spectrum Plot Menu form The value of damping shown is the first value selected in the Response Spectrum Plot Menu form The value for the soil parameter S can be changed to 1 4 for the special case when the subsoil includes an alluvial surface layer with thickness varying between 5 and 20 m underlain by much stiffer materials of class A European Committee for Standardization 2000 To do this place the cursor on the text box adjacent to the S label and enter 1 4 Please note that this is only allowed when Class B of the Subsoil Class options is selected If a different value is entered the program will set the default value for the soil parameter based on the type of spectrum selected D MOD2000 Page No 48 G G amp Damping Ratio Curves Database D MOD2000 G Gmo Curves Database Help Close Darendeli 2001 Mean OCR 1 PI 0 1 atm 1 Hz 10 Cycles SandAvg G Gmax SAND Average Seed amp Idriss 1970 Sand Avg G Gmax SAND Average Seed amp Idriss 1970 SandAvg G Gmax SAND Average Seed amp Idriss 1970 Clay Pl 0_ G Gmax C1 CLAY PI 0 10 Sun et al 198 Clay Pl 10 G Gmax C2 CLAY PI 10 20 Sun et al 198 Clay Pl 20 G Gmax C3 CLAY PI 20 40 Sun et al 198 The current damping data entered in the MKZ nonlinear Stress Strain Model form can be added to the database of material properties First click on the Dbase command button on th
105. This file can be opened with Excel for further processing The CSV file will only save the data for one response spectrum When obtaining response spectra the GM option will compute the geometric mean spectrum for the set of relations selected for the common range of periods The WA option is used to obtain a weighted spectrum i e different weights summing up to 1 0 can be assigned to the relations selected to compute a weighted spectrum To enter the weights first select between 2 and 10 relations and then click on the Weight command button to display the Model Weight form D MOD2000 Model Weight Ground Motion Attenuation Relation Youngs Chiou Silva amp Humphrey 1997 Atkinson amp Boore 2003 Subduction Zhao et al 2006 Japan D MOD2000 Page No 60 In this form enter the weights for each relation in their respective text boxes The weights should add up to 1 0 and each weight should be greater than 0 0 Also when obtaining target response spectrum the geometric mean or the weighted spectrum will be used as the target To enter the data for a target response spectrum that can be plotted with the other spectra click on the Target button to display the Target Response Spectrum form In this form you can enter values of period and spectra for a target response spectrum To plot the target spectrum also select the Plot Target SPC option Conditional Mean Spectrum This option is provided to comput
106. University of California Berkeley May 2007 Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2008 NGA ground motion model for the geometric mean horizontal component of PGA PGV PGD and 596 damped linear elastic response spectra for periods ranging from 0 01 to 10 s Earthquake Spectra 24 173 215 Chiou B S J and Youngs R R 2008 Chiou Youngs NGA ground motion relations for the geometric mean horizontal component of peak and spectral ground motion parameters Earthquake Spectra 24 173 215 Crespellani T Facciourusso J Madiai C and Vannucchi G 2003 Influence of uncorrected accelerogram processing techniques on Newmark s rigid block displacement evaluation Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Volume 23 pp 415 424 D MOD2000 Page No 138 Crouse C B 1991 Ground Motion Attenuation Equations for Earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake Spectra Vol 7 No 2 1991 pp 201 236 Darendeli M B 2001 Development of a New Family of Normalized Modulus Reduction and Material Damping Curves Ph D Dissertation The University of Texas at Austin August 2001 http www seas ucla edu jstewart usgs_report Darendeli 2001a pdf Darendeli M B Stokoe K H II Rathje E M and Roblee C J 2001 Importance of Confining Pressure on Nonlinear Soil Behavior and its Impact on Earthquake Response Predictions of Deep Sites Proc 15 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Istan
107. a Cancel button that can be used to stop printing When printing either the EDT or input file the Print Page option is selected by default When this option is selected only the displayed page will be printed If you would like to print the entire document select the Print Document option By default the file will be printed using tables and descriptions for the different data Use the I lt lt gt or I gt buttons to display other pages of data Print report form Select this option to print a form on the same sheet of paper as the table of results To create the form click on the Report command button to display the Company amp Project Information form and then on the Form command button to display the Report Form Development form D MOD2000 Page No 110 Physical page This option determines whether the logical page used by the printer control should correspond to the entire physical page or only to its printable area Most printers have a logical paper size that corresponds to the printer s printable area and a physical paper size that corresponds to the actual page size The physical paper size is always a little larger than the logical paper size If this option is selected an x is shown on the check box the program will print to the physical page This option only works when the Print report form option is selected New margins for the paper sheet can be entered in the Set margins text boxes or by clicking on
108. abel and the name of the object motion files from the Option 7 sets displayed next to the option buttons on the upper part of the form In the Format text box you will define how the data in the ground motion file will be read This is done by defining the format i e the way the data are written on the file of the acceleration values This is based on the syntax used in the Format statement of the FORTRAN computer language e g 8F9 6 4E15 6E2 Additional information on the object motion is shown next to each file To plot a file click on the option button for the file and then click on the Plot command button After a few seconds the object motion will be plotted on the screen Using an object motion file not included in an EDT file If you want to use the data saved in a file that is not included as an Option 7 in an EDT file use the Other command button to display the Open Object Motion File dialog box to select the file that you want to plot The name of the file will be displayed next to the Earthquake File option button on the bottom section of the form Now you need to enter the following information on the data cells below the file name First you need to select the file by clicking on the option button This will enable the data cells to enter the data We ll use the following example to explain the information necessary to plot the object motion Example STATION 2702 AMU ANCHORAGE GOULE HALL 61 189N 149 801W SL GLACI
109. ade Japan or Other option and the Regional SD option for region specific error terms For the Toro et al 1997 attenuation relations the equations used are those for Moment Magnitude For Bozorgnia amp Campbell 2003 when considering the effect of the hanging wall it is necessary to enter rj or the closest distance to the surface projection of fault rupture Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2003a Boore et al 1997 Alternatively the fault dip angle 6 can be used instead To enter rj click on the Rjb command button to display the Rj and R Distance form On this form enter the rj distance for each value of r is If you need more information about this distance please refer to Cambpell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2003a and Abrahamson N A and Shedlock K M 1997 The dip angle value can be entered in the dip deg text box By default the peak ground acceleration is estimated using the attenuation relation for uncorrected PGA To use the corrected PGA attenuation relation click on the Corrected option of the Bozorgnia PGA options Please note that the value of PGA used in the computation of the standard deviation Omy is determined based on the choice of the Bozorgnia PGA options The Rp and R distances are also required when using the Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 Abrahamson amp Silva 2008 NGA Akkar amp Bommer 2008 Boore D amp Atkinson G 2008 NGA Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2008 NGA Chiou B
110. and the value of Zior entered in the Ztor text box for the BSA The Mediand Sigma options also apply to these equations By default for Abrahamson and Silva the equation for rock is used If you wish to use the equation for soil click on the Abrahamson amp Silva 1996 Duration Soil option to select it The base model by Kempton and Stewart can be corrected for near fault conditions by selecting the Kempton amp Stewart 2006 Near Fault option The result plotted will be the D 5 95 value i e the time interval between 5 95 of the Arias Intensity as a function of the acceleration record For those attenuation relations that yield pseudo velocity PRV the Pseudo Absolute Acceleration PAA is obtained using the following equation _ 2x PRV nec 981 T In addition for those attenuation relations that yield pseudo absolute acceleration the Pseudo Relative Velocity is obtained using the following equation pave OSUT ras In which T is period in seconds The attenuation data can be saved to a text file by selecting the Save Attenuation Data option This text file can then be open with other applications e g Excel for further use The path and name of the text file can be changed by clicking on the command button with the folder icon next to the text box When plotting acceleration response spectra a CSV comma separated values file will also be created in the same path using the same name but with the extension csv
111. and button is used to display the Conversion of Ground Motion File form that can be used to convert ground motion files to different units and or formatting Further information on this feature is provided in the Conversion of Ground Motion File section of this manual The View command button can be used to view the contents of a ground motion file This will help you to collect the information needed to define the formatting of the file if necessary To do this first select a file using the Other button to select other files The first 60 lines of the file will be displayed on a form with the first three characters displayed in red representing the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a These characters are not part of the source file and are only shown to number the rows After the row numbers the alphanumeric characters that constitute the information saved in the file for each row are shown Note that the characters are displayed as blue on a white background and that every tenth character is displayed in red However if the tenth character is a blank space then the character is not shown This is done to guide the user when defining the order of the data in the file The Plot command button is used to display a graph of the acceleration time history The program will read the data from the file using the information on this form A value that may cause problems is the number of characters that will be read to create a number
112. ansportation Federal Highway Administration Washington D C 163 pp Kempton Justin J and Jonathan P Stewart 2006 Prediction Equations for Significant Duration of Earthquake Ground Motions Considering Site and Near Source Effects Earthquake Spectra Volume 22 No 4 pages 985 1013 November 2006 Kottke Albert and Mary Ellen Rathje 2007 Semi Automated Selection and Scaling of Earthquake Ground Motions 4 International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Paper 1248 Thessaloniki Greece June CD ROM Kramer S L 1996 Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Prentice Hall Inc Upper Saddle River NJ pp 653 Kwok O L A Stewart J P Hashash Y M A Matasovic N Pyke R Wang Z and Yang Z 2006 Practical Implementation of Analysis Routines for Nonlinear Seismic Ground Response Analysis Proc 8 U S National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 8NCEE San Francisco California CD ROM Paper No 546 Lee M K W and Finn W D L 1978 DESRA 2 Dynamic Effective Stress Response Analysis of Soil Deposits with Energy Transmitting Boundary Including Assessment of Liquefaction Potential Soil Mechanics Series No 36 Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada 60 p D MOD2000 Page No 141 Leyendecker E V Hunt R J Frankel A D and Rukstales K S 2000 Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps Spectra Earthquake Engineerin
113. ar by specifying c at only one frequency e g f in Figure D 1 which is termed the simplified Rayleigh damping formulation at two frequencies f and f2 which is termed the full Rayleigh damping formulation Hudson 1994 and at four frequencies f through f4 which is termed the extended D MOD2000 Page No 161 Rayleigh damping formulation Park and Hashash 2004 D MOD 2 accommodates all of these viscous damping formulations and allows for different viscous damping to be specified for each layer in the profile Simplified Rayleigh Damping Formulation The simplified Rayleigh damping formulation is the simplest and most commonly used formulation to introduce Rayleigh damping into the non linear analysis see e g Lee and Finn 1978 Matasovic 1993 In this formulation the first Rayleigh damping coefficient ar is set to be zero while the second coefficient Bp is calculated as Br Star T ER 3 where Star Target damping ratio T Fundamental period of soil deposit calculated as T 4 H Vs avg H Thickness of the soil deposit and V savg Average shear wave velocity of soil deposit weighted average Review of Equation 2 shows that modeling of Rayleigh damping with the simplified formulation is equal to an assumption that viscous damping is solely stiffness proportional The basis for this assumption is the fact that the mass matrix is always numerically much smaller than the stiffness matrix Full Ra
114. ard Option gt Soil Profile Option iz Material Properties Case SHA Option e Material Properties Case SHB Option 5 Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Loma Prieta Option B Dynamic Analysis Solution Northridge Option ae Input Ground Motion Loma Prieta Option 7 Input Ground Motion Northridge Figure 2 Sample EDT File for D MOD2000 D MOD2000 Page No 3 The Sample EDT file shown in Figure 2 contains 1 set of options 1 2 and 5 data and 2 sets of options 4 6 and 7 data By selecting specific options from this database you could create different input files for D MOD2000 For example you could create two different input files as shown on Figure 3 wherein the same soil profile is analyzed using two different object motions Notice the difference in the way the options are ordered in Figures 2 and 3 The options in Figure 2 are ordered sequentially beginning with option 1 Those on Figure 3 are ordered in a way that tells D MOD2000 to conduct an analysis using the data provided Option 1 Master Control Card Option 2 Soil Profile Option 4 Material Properties Case SHA Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Loma Prieta Option 7 Input Ground Motion Loma Prieta a Option 1 Master Control Card Option 2 Soil Profile Option 4 Material Properties Case SHA Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Northridge Option 7 Input Ground Motion
115. asurements and use of Shear Wave Velocity for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties GED ASCE Denver Colorado Tavakoli B and Pezeshk S 2005 Empirical Stochastic Ground Motion Prediction for Eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 95 No 6 pp 2283 2296 December 2005 Thilakaratne V and Vucetic M 1987 CLASS A Prediction of Accelerations and Seismic Pore Pressures at the Owi Island Site during October 4 1985 Earthquake in Tokyo Bay Report No 87 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam New York 92 p Thilakaratne V and Vucetic M 1989 Analysis of liquefaction occurrence at the Wildlife Site during 1987 Superstition Hills earthquake Research Report Civil Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California 131 p Toro Gabriel R and Silva Walter J 2001 Scenario Earthquakes for Saint Louis MO and Memphis TN and Seismic Hazard Maps for the Central United States Region Including the Effect of Site Conditions Risk Engineering Inc Boulder CO Toro G R 2002 Modification of the Toro et al 1997 Attenuation Equations for Large Magnitudes and Short Distances Risk Engineering Inc June 12 2002 Toro G R Abrahamson N A and Schneider J F 1997 Model of Strong Ground Motions from Earthquakes in Central and Eastern North America Best Estimates and Uncertainties Seismological Research Letters
116. at least one blank space and if each row of acceleration values is formed only by acceleration data 1 e some old ground motion files used to have an integer number either at the beginning or at the end of the row that identified the row number this number is not an acceleration value and thus should not be read If you select the free format option then this value will be read If this check box is selected an x is shown then you don t need to enter values for Values Line and No Digits If the values in the file are not separated by blank spaces i e they appear as a continuous row of numbers then the numbers entered in the Values Line and No Digits columns are used as a means of separating the numbers in columns After you have entered the information above or selected a file with either the EDT or Quakes command button click on the Plot button to display the time history The All three option of the Plot Time History for options allows you to plot the acceleration velocity and displacement time histories in one graph D MOD2000 Page No 100 The View command button can be used to view the contents of a ground motion file This will help you to collect the information needed to define the formatting of the file if necessary To do this first select a file from the list of ground motions in the EDT file use the Quakes command button to select a file from the database of ground motion files or use the Other button to select other f
117. ata drawing of the graph will take several minutes By default the axis of the stress strain loops graph are scaled according the range of values being plotted i e the scale shown on the axis will change every time the graph is drawn If you want to plot the graph with axes that are not redrawn every time a point is plotted select the Fixed Axis option If you would like to display the results for other time steps click on the left or right arrow buttons to move through the results one time step at a time backwards or forwards respectively Also click and hold the mouse down on the sliding bar and slide the bar to move faster through the time history of results D MOD2000 Page No 108 The button with a camcorder icon is used to animate the graph i e a movie like presentation of the results starting at the first time step and automatically continuing until the last time step will be presented To stop the presentation click on the button with the red cross icon You can create a movie file AVI that can be played with the Windows Media Player or other players by first selecting the Record Movie option The movie will be saved to the path and file shown on the text box at the bottom of the form If you want to save the movie to a different file click on the open folder icon to change it The number in the Rate text box controls how often a frame is added to the movie For example a value of 5 will indicate that every fifth fram
118. atabase file you should give it a different name and extension when saving them The main database file does not need to have the EDT extension however by default when using the Open command button D MOD2000 will present you with a list of files that end with this extension When the database file is saved the options will be saved in numeric order and all the sets for each option will be grouped together The options available in the EDT file are shown on the top list box i e the EDT File s Option List This list is used to select the options that the user can edit and options to be included in the input file The vertical scroll bars on the right side of the list box can be used to scroll between the options To edit an option click on it to highlight it and then click on the Edit button You can also double click on the option to edit it If you want to remove an option from the EDT file highlight it and then click on the Delete button The option cannot be un erased To create a specific option that is not included in the EDT file or to create a new set of an existent option click on the New button This button will display the Option List form used to select new options To save the EDT and Input files click on the Save button The files can be saved automatically after you edit an option or before you execute D MOD 2 by selecting the Automatically save EDT amp Input Files check box The Check input data before running D MOD
119. aye Another indicator of frequency content of accelerograms is the Mean Period Tm defined as Rathje et al 1998 Stewart et al 2001 re Tel m 3 e Where C Fourier amplitudes of the entire accelerogram f Discrete Fourier transform frequencies between 0 25 and 20 Hz The value for Tm is shown on the text box next to the Mean Period Tn label On the bottom section of the form there are two plotting options The Husid Plot option will display a graph of the Normalized Husid Plot If you select the Plot Ground Motion option then the acceleration time history will be plotted on the same graph with the Husid Plot In the plot the section of the Husid Plot for the Trifunac amp Brady duration is shown as a red curve The Fourier Spectrum option will plot the Fourier amplitude spectrum By default the Fourier response spectrum is plotted using frequency values in the X axis Alternatively to plot the Fourier amplitudes vs period click on the Amplitude vs Period check box to select it After selecting one of the plotting options click on the Plot command button to display the graphs When plotting the response and the Fourier spectra Tp To Tayg and Tm will be shown on the graphs You can print the results by using the Print command button D MOD2000 Page No 63 IBC Response Spectra D MOD2000 IBC Response Spectra Ok Help Cancel Enter the site s location to obtain spectral accelerations from USGS maps
120. be automatically obtained from the files of gridded points used to create the USGS hazard maps However as previously noted the maps included in the IBC are not exactly the same as the USGS maps for selected areas Accordingly the second option in D MOD2000should only be used for those regions for which the USGS maps were not modified Leyendecker et al 2000 briefly explain where the probabilistic USGS maps are and or are not applicable We recommend that you review the article by Leyendecker et al 2000 for more information about the creation of the Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps Also before using the automatic option check that your site is located in a region where the USGS maps are applicable or use this option to obtain approximate values of S and S that are to be compared to the values on the IBC maps In accordance with the IBC the maps used in D MOD2000 are for 0 2 and 1 0 second spectral response acceleration with 246 probability of exceedance in 50 years for the Conterminous United States Alaska Hawaii and Puerto Rico For the other maps included in the IBC i e Culebra Vieques St Thomas St John St Croix Guam and Tutuilla the user needs to enter the values for S and S manually Please note that the program uses two sets of maps for the Conterminous United States region i e the data maps generated in 2003 and 2008 updates of the National Seismic Hazard Maps Frankel et al 2002 U S
121. ble For example by default when the Peak Ground Acceleration option is chosen most of the equations are enabled i e they are not grayed out If you choose the Peak Ground Velocity option then only the Atkinson amp Boore 1997 Cascadia Atkinson amp Boore 2006 ENA Atkinson amp Silva 2000 California Campbell K W 1997 D MOD2000 Page No 56 Sabetta amp Pugliese 1996 and SEA99 Spudich et al relations will be enabled and the others will be disabled i e shown as grayed out options Next select which attenuation relations you want to use by clicking on the check box next to each An x appears in the box when an attenuation relation is selected Use the Tab key or the mouse to place the cursor on the Magnitude text box and enter the earthquake magnitude Enter the distance and depth in the Distance and Depth text boxes respectively Select other options as explained below depending on the relations chosen The Plot command button is enabled when at least one attenuation relation is selected Click on the Plot button to display the curve Please note that the depth value used in the Campbell 1997 equation is the depth to basement rock Thus if you are using several relations at the same time use the Ground Motion Attenuation Relations Parameters form to enter depth values for each attenuation relation The Curve for specific period option allows you to plot the spectral acceleration or velocity attenuation
122. bul Turkey Dickenson S 2008 Nonlinear Effective Stress Modeling of Dynamic Soil Response Proposed Oregon LNG Facility Warrenton Oregon Technical Memorandum Stephen Dickenson Corvallis Oregon Dobry R R D Borcherdt C B Crouse I M Idriss W B Joyner G R Martin M S Power E E Rinne and R B Seed 2000 New Site Coefficients and Site Classification System Used in Recent Building Seismic Code Provisions Earthquake Spectra Volume 16 No 1 February 2000 Dobry R Pierce W G Dyvik R Thomas G E and Ladd R S 1985 Pore Pressure Model for Cyclic Straining of Sand Research Report Civil Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 56 p Donovan N C 1972 SPECTR Spectra Response Analysis Program Documentation Dames amp Moore San Francisco California Electric Power Research Institute EPRI 1993 Guidelines for Site Specific Ground Motions Palo Alto California Electric Power Research Institute November TR 102293 European Committee for Standardization 2000 Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance CEN TC250 SCS N269 Part 1 General rules seismic actions and rules for buildings Draft No 1 FERC 2004 Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects Chapter 13 Draft Federal Energy Regulatory Commission http www ferc gov industries hydropower safety eng guide chap13 draft asp Frankel A Mueller C Barnha
123. cel Liquid Limit Plasticity 2 Index Plasticity Chart for Cyclically Degradable Clays Bo ja 1 didi L La Soil ID J A VNP Clay Marine Clay Overconsolidation Ratio C OCR 1 0 C OCR 1 4 OCR 20 C OCR 4 0 Wi VTCA Clay Y VICB Clay 4 VICC Clay Plasticity Index A VICD Clay O User s Marine Clay T 60 Liquid Limit The user can use this form to see if his her soil falls within the range of soils for which parameters of the Matasovic and Vucetic 1995 model have been developed In general if subject soil falls within the limits shown on the plot generic model parameters may be used The liquid limit and plasticity index values should be entered in the appropriate text boxes The label for your soil can be entered in the text box below the Soil ID label This label will be shown as the last legend on the legend section of the graph Also select a value of OCR if applicable After entering the information for your soil click on the Ok command button to return to the materials form Note that the PWP generation cyclic degradation model for clay was developed for cyclic analysis of offshore foundations not for geotechnical earthquake engineering applications However the model can be used for the earthquake engineering applications within the shear strain range for which it has been developed i e 0 lt y lt 0 15 The red ellipse delineates the zone of generic model pa
124. celerations at short period S and at 1 second period S from the Maximum Considered Earthquake MCE Ground Motion Maps provided as Figures 3 3 1 through 3 3 14 on the NEHRP Provisions These values are entered in the S and S text boxes respectively By default a Long period transition period Ti of 4 seconds is shown on the T text box If you would like to use a different value enter the appropriate value in this text box The program will only accept values of 4 6 8 12 or 16 seconds for T as these are the only values used in the maps on Figures 3 3 16 through 3 3 21 of NEHRP Next select the site class by choosing one of the Site Class options The F and F values will be computed and displayed in their corresponding text boxes on the upper right corner of the form By default the program will compute the design spectrum If you need to use the MCE spectrum click on the MCE Spectrum option to select it When the spectrum is plotted either Design or MCE will be shown on the plot label to indicate which spectrum is being used When this form is called from the RRS form the default spectrum will be MCE If you would like to manually enter the values for period and spectral acceleration select the User option The User command button will be enabled when this option is selected This option will display the User Defined Response Spectrum form In this form you can enter values of period and spectra for a user defined response spectru
125. cessary to create the acceleration time history file In ProShake D MOD2000 will only read the first 6 acceleration time histories in the file Click on the Read command button to start reading the output file After a few seconds some information for the acceleration time histories will be displayed in the text boxes on the form The number shown on the History No column indicates the position of this time history in the output file In ProShake the number of the soil layer for which the acceleration time history was computed is shown on the Layer No column For Quake W the number of the node will be shown in the Node No column As noted in the Newmark Method Accelerogram File section of this document a weighted average file created from a series of files can be used in the Newmark Method included with D MOD2000 To D MOD2000 Page No 66 create this average file you need to know the weight of the soil column above the layer However this value is not read from the ProShake or Quake W output file thus a number is not shown on the Column Weight column for the time history If you know this value you can enter it in the specific text box for each time history otherwise a value of 0 00 zero will be saved in the new time history file The number of values for each time history is shown in the No Values column and the time step for the acceleration time history in the Time Step column A description for each history found in the output
126. ctral Acceleration Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering January 2005 Vol 3 No 1 pp 55 73 Ambraseys N N Simpson K A and Bommer J J 1996 Prediction of Horizontal Response Spectra in Europe Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 25 pp 371 400 as referenced in Earthquake Engineering Handbook 2003 edited by Wai Fah Chen and Charles Scawthorn CRC Press D MOD2000 Page No 135 American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE 2006 ASCE 7 05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Andrus R D Zhang J Ellis B S and Juang C H 2003 Guide for estimating the dynamic properties of South Carolina soils for ground response analysis Report No FHW A SC 03 07 South Carolina Department of Transportation Columbia S C Atkinson G M 1997 Empirical ground motion relations for earthquakes in the Cascadia Region Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Volume 24 No 1 1997 Atkinson G M 2001 An Alternative to Stochastic Ground Motion Relations for Use in Seismic Hazard Analysis in Eastern North America Seismological Research Letters Volume 72 Number 2 March April 2001 pp 299 306 Atkinson G M and Boore D M 1997a Stochastic point source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 74 85 Atkinson G M and Boore D M 1997b Some Comparisons Between Recent Ground Motion Relations Seismological
127. cy or reliability of this software or related documentation As such they cannot be held responsible for incorrect results or damages resulting from the use of this software It is the responsibility of the user to determine the usefulness and technical accuracy of this software in his her own environment e This software was not developed as a network application Thus it should not be installed on a Network Server e Installation of the software onto your computer indicates your acceptance of the terms and conditions in this agreement Terms The license is effective until terminated You may terminate it any time by destroying the software together with any back up copies It will also terminate if you fail to comply with any term or condition of this agreement You agree upon such termination to destroy the software together with any back up copies modifications and or merged portions in any form Warranty The authors will correct any errors in the code at no charge after the purchase date of the software Notification of a suspected error must be made in writing with a complete listing of the input and output files and description of the error If in the judgment of the authors the code does contain an error the authors will at their option correct or replace the copy at no cost to the user or refund the initial purchase price of the software These warranties are exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties whether expressed or implied
128. d Enter the number of header lines in the text box below the No Header Lines label If you selected the Free Format option skip the next two text boxes and place the cursor on the text box below the Number of Columns label When reading the acceleration values in free format the values should be ordered in one of two ways Either each row of data is formed only by values of acceleration or on each row of data there are also other values For the second type each row of data may have a column for period acceleration velocity and displacement For example in the section of the ground motion file below each row of data is formed only by acceleration values There are 10 values of acceleration in cm sec in each row SAMPLES SEC 100 FILTER TYPE BUTTERWORTH CORNER 0 10 ORDER 3 DATA TYPE AC NO OF POINTS 6228 UNITS CM SEC 2 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 17 0 18 0 20 0 20 0 20 22 0 25 0 27 0 28 amp 0 27 amp 0 23 0 29 e 32 amp 0 35 0 38 0 39 D MOD2000 Page No 18 If your source file is of the above type skip the Number of Columns and Acceleration Column boxes and place the cursor on the text box below the Format label On the other hand each row of data on the file below has one value for time acceleration velocity and displacement m0444r01 8 0 25 6 147 6 75 9 0 65 sec cm sec 2 cm sec cm 0 00 0 1934E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 400 0 01 0 1938E 00 0 1900E 02 0 0000E 00 If the source file is of this second
129. d by the authors Title to the media on which the software is recorded and to the documentation in support thereof is transferred to the customer but title to the software is retained by the authors GeoMotions LLC owns all intellectual property in the programs GeoMotions LLC permits you to use the programs only in accordance with the terms of this agreement You assume responsibility for the selection of the software to achieve your intended results and for the installation of the software the use of and the results obtained from the software License e You may use the software on only one machine at any one time e You may copy the software for back up only in support of such use e You may not use copy modify or transfer the software or any copy in whole or part except as expressly provided in this document e You may not sell sub license rent or lease this software e You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the programs to obtain the source code e Although the software was tested you are solely responsible for using and interpreting the results obtained from execution of the software e When first using the software you should compare the results from the software with manual calculations and or results from other computer software to verify the reliability of the program e The software is not a teaching tool for one dimensional seismic site response analysis e The authors do not guarantee nor imply the accura
130. d the thickness and depth to the middle of the layer are the same for each file Those files with the same layering will be selected and an x will be shown on their check boxes The data from the files will be read and stored in the computer s memory for plotting Only those files which are selected i e an x is shown on the check box next to the file name will be read The other files will be ignored If you would like to remove a file from the list of files click on the file and then on the Delete command button You can enter a description for the results in the Description text boxes The label entered in this box will be used to identify the curve when plotting To plot the results click on the Plot command button D MOD2000 Page No 14 Conversion of Ground Motion File D MOD2000 Conversion of Ground Motion File Open View Save Convert Dbase Spectra Help Close Source Ground Motion File END MOD2000 Sample 326n1 BIV W a t t WILDLIFE LIQUEFACTION ARRAY 7 5 M DOWNHOLE 360 DEGREES APPROX EARTHQUAKE OF NOVEMBER 24 1987 1315 GMT BUITERWORTH AT 25 HZ ORDER 4 YEAR 1987 JULIAN DAY 328 HOUR 13 MINUTE 16 SECOND 0 COMPONENT 360 SAMPLES SEC 200 FILTER TYPE BUITERWORTH CORNER 0 25 ROP 4 DATA TYPE AC NO OF POINTS 19399 UNITS CM SEC 2 CM SEC AND CM 0 31 0 52 0 05 0 04 0 19 0 12 0 13 0 22 0 11 0 lt gt Source File No Values TimeStep No Header Values per No Digits Numberof Acceleration F
131. dd Delete Clear Order D MOD Process Ok Help About Exit Options available in EDT file technical GeoMotions ShortCourse D MOD CharlestonDS1 FEE edt Master Output File Name DS 1 FEE out Master Control Card DS 1 Site Name of Plot Files DS 1 FEE Option 2 Soil Profile No 1 DS 1 Site Option 4 Material Properties Short Course Median Output Generated for Layer 2 Option 5 Visco Elastic Half Space at Layer 39 Option 6 Input Motion SCDOT FEE 10 in 50 years Input amp Output File Options Option 7 Input Motion SCDOT FEE 10 in 50 years Create new EDT file using default data C Import SHAKE2000 Input Use Fmax EA Hz Calibrate with Frequency Domain Analysis Te 758 m 5 5 C Print Summary of Master Output File C Print EDT File Options saved in Input File Program Files D MOD20004ShortCourse CharlestonDS 1 FEE inp C Print Input File Input Set Description Input Set No 1 x Plotting Options C Masi Val 1 Option 1 Master Control Card DS 1 Site sour ne Uniform Time S 2 Option 2 Soil Profile No 1 DS 1 Site artial Results at Uniform Time Step 3 Option 4 Material Properties Short Course Median C Response Spectrum 4 Option 5 Visco Elastic Half Space at Layer 39 C Time Histories 5 Option B Input Motion SCDOT FEE 10 in 50 years C Cc E Option 7 Input Motion SCDOT FEE 10 in 50 years Compare Results of Several Analyses Time Dependant Variables for Layer C Play AVI Mov
132. e height of the soil profile and V avg is the weighted averaged shear wave velocity of the soil profile The viscous damping coefficient value is typically in the 0 1 to 5 range More rigorous procedures to establish o and f can be found in Hudson et al 1994 D MOD2000 Page No 79 When entering values of viscous damping there are a number of options that can be used to use the same value for all of the other materials To use this value of amp for all of the other materials first click on the Update all amp using option to select it After this one of two options can be used The first Same is used when the same value of amp will be used For example on the form on the previous page a value of 3 would be assigned to each material of Option 4 If instead you prefer to use the small strain damping ratio from the curve select then the Small y option With this option the program will assign the damping ratio for the smallest strain from the curve as the value for amp for each material Please note that will depend on the damping ratio curve used for each material it may or may not be the same for every material For example on the form on the previous page if the Small y option is selected then the program will use amp 0 36 for the current material To evaluate the goodness of fit the Difference column shows the difference between the measured value and the value obtained from the MKZ model For example for
133. e Le reine ee Ere doe wetted 132 Reft renee8 n eoe ete etit OU e ee oe uem M D eter im et te e eee toda 135 Appendix A Generic Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants for Total Stress Analysis 147 Appendix B Generic Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants for Effective Stress Analysis 153 Appendix C Evaluation of Rayleigh Damping Coefficients eese 159 Appendix D Conversion Factors 5 einer pre ree erede deti e ie Deae iege edere pe pede gent 167 D MOD2000 Page No x D MOD2000 Genesis The computer program package D MOD2000 an interactive Windows based platform built by GeoMotions LLC around D MOD 2 D MOD 2 is an enhanced version of D MOD which was developed by Matasovic 1993 D MOD combined a dynamic response model of DRAIN 2D as implemented in computer program DESRA 2 with the nonlinear stress strain model developed by Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 Dobry et al 1985 porewater pressure generation model for sand with modification made by Vucetic and Dobry 1988 to simulate quasi two directional pore water pressure response and a porewater pressure generation cyclic degradation model for clay developed by Matasovic and Vucetic 19952 In D MOD 2 modifications have been made with respect to stress strain constitutive model employed reference strain has been introduced to facilitate evaluation of the nonlinear stress strain model material parameters and dynamic equation of
134. e MKZ form Then click on the Add command button You will be asked if you would like to add the data to the position highlighted in the list of materials Data for a specific material can be deleted from the database To do this highlight the material to be deleted and then click on the Delete command button You will be asked if you wish to continue with deletion of this material D MOD2000 Page No 49 Grain Size Distribution Curve Matching D MOD2000 Grain Size Distribution Curve Matching Ok Open Save Print Help Cancel Particle Size Percent Finer mm A Grain Size Distribution Curves for Liquefiable Sands and Silts 100 0 7316 96 15 92 63 B316 88 62 84 47 5316 8 5 71 72 62 65 49 68 28 65 19 06 10 93 5 85 eo e eo Takoak ER A PB Sand m SMB Sand Banding Sand CF Sand ET A WSB Sand C WSA Sand V Upper Bound Tsuchida 1970 Lower Bound Tsuchida 1970 Percent Finer by Weight amp OW Silt Q 6 m m OW Sand 6m User s Monterey No 0 d EE WO iE TO VERO B josie a one P Kx iz IE Curve ID T Monterey No 0 01 Curve Matched to Particle Size mm SMB Sand In this form the user can enter the gradation curve for his her own material and then compare this curve to those from other liquefiable sands and or silts Matasovic N 2006 Based on
135. e No 50 Banding Sand BS poorly graded commercially available sand D 40 Ds 0 19 C 0 9 C 1 4 Yamin 90 pcf Yamax 106 pcf Reference Dobry et al 1985 Wildlife Site Sand A WSA void ratio 0 84 to 0 85 37 fines N 5 Vs 350 ft sec Reference Vucetic and Dobry 1988 Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 Wildlife Site Sand B WSB loose silty sand that liquefied in the past void ratio 0 74 to 0 76 D 25 25 fines N 6 to 13 Vs 450 to 500 ft sec Reference Vucetic and Dobry 1988 Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 Heber Road Site Sand CF loose sand void ratio 0 70 22 fines D 40 Vs 400 to 466 ft sec Reference Vucetic et al 1986 Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 Heber Road Site Sand PB medium dense clean sand that liquefied in the past void ratio 0 70 15 fines D 45 Vs 500 to 600 ft sec Reference Vucetic et al 1986 Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 Santa Monica Beach Sand SMB clean dense sand similar to Monterey No 0 void ratio 0 56 zero fines D ze 75 Vs 867 ft sec Reference Matasovic N 1993 Matasovic and Vucetic 1993 Owi Island Sand at depths from 6 to 14 m b g s silty fine sand placed as hydraulic fill 18 lt fines lt 35 Reference Tilakaratne and Vucetic 1987 Ishihara et al 1987 Owi Island Silt at depth of 6 m b g s placed as hydraulic fill 50 lt fines lt 85 Reference Tilakaratne and Vucetic 1987 Ishihara et al 1987 D MOD20
136. e file are in units other than g s then you need to select a factor to convert the values to units compatible with D MOD2000 i e fractions of acceleration of gravity g s if necessary Some files provide motion data in different units for example cm sec ft sec etc To convert the units select a factor that represents the units of the acceleration data in the source file from the list of options shown on the Acceleration Units list box Remember that these are the units of the source or original data Click on the down arrow of the list and select an option After selecting a unit a multiplication factor value will be displayed on the Multiplier box This is the multiplication factor that D MOD2000 Page No 67 will be used to convert the values For example to convert values of acceleration from cm sec to g s you need to divide each value by 980 665 cm sec which is equivalent to multiply each value by 1 980 665 2 1 0191716E 03 If the accelerations in the source file are in units that are not shown in the list select the Other option and then enter the correct multiplication factor in the Multiplier text box The Directory command button can be used to select the directory where the acceleration files generated will be stored This button will display the Choose Output Directory form D MOD2000 Page No 68 Input File Order D MOD2000 Input File Order C Help Cancel Enter value for new position in input file
137. e the conditional mean spectrum as defined by Baker 2009 and further explained in Baker amp Cornell 2005a 2005b 2006a 2006b 2008 and Baker amp Jayaram 2008 An example of the applicability of this spectrum in the selection of ground motions for analysis is provided by PEER Ground Motion Selection and Modification Working Group 2009 This option only works with a few selected ground motion relations To select this option click on the Epsilon check box then enter a value for epsilon in the text box Based on the ground motion relation selected a list of periods will be displayed when clicking on the down arrow for the Period list Click on the down arrow to display the list and then click on the period that you would like to use for computation of the conditional mean spectrum To plot the results click on the Plot command button Both the ground motion spectrum and the conditional mean spectrum will be displayed When obtaining target response spectrum only the conditional mean spectrum will be plotted D MOD2000 Page No 61 Ground Motion Parameters D MOD2000 Ground Motion Parameters m F Print Help Close Peak Acceleration Value 0 09g RMS of the Acceleration Time History 0 0165 g Arias Intensity 0 4217 ft sec Bracketed Duration 136sec Trifunac amp Brady Duration 2273s Smoothed Spectral Predominant Period To 0184 sec Predominant Spectral Period Tp 0125sec Average Spectral Period Tava O
138. e updated and those for the motions not included in the suite will be changed to 1 0 Then click on the Scale command button to conduct the matching analysis and use the Plot command button to display the results as explained before After you have obtained a suite of motions that fit the target spectrum the information about the ground motions can be exported to an EDT file in the form of Options 6 amp 7 used by D MOD To do this first click on the Export command button to display the Export to EDT File dialog form Select the EDT file you would like to add the information to and then click on Save If you wish to add this information for use with the random creation of data feature first create the random EDT file before exporting the data D MOD2000 Page No 77 MKZ Nonlinear Stress Strain Model D MOD2000 MKZ Nonlinear Stress Strain Model Ok Print G Gmo Damping Model Dbase Add Delete Reset Help Cancel G T mo mo T S Display data for psf pst T sec n 3 E i G Gmo izes nza 32400004 3 wr 83 o427 E f s xj ie2z 113265604 C Damping G Gmo Curve SandAvg G Gmax SAND Average Seed amp Idriss 1970 Period from Option 2 Set No 1 gt Update all using Same Damping Curve Sand Avg Damping for SAND Average Seed amp Idriss 1970 Update B amp s for material type C Small Y G Gmo G Gmo Damping Damping Strain T G Eta1 Eta2 G Gmo X Damping Strain Measured Strain
139. e will be added to the movie file In other words when the animation starts the graph is updated every time step however with a value of 5 for frame rate every fifth time step a frame will be added to the movie file The value in the Speed text box can be interpreted as the time between frames The greater this number the slower the movie will play i e the longer the time a frame will be shown on the screen before a new frame is displayed It should be noted that movie files can be very large hundreds of megabytes or a few gigabytes So before creating a movie file check that there is enough space on the hard drive or drive where the movie file 1s to be stored Also the creation of the movie can take a considerable amount of time e g a couple of hours for a movie with a couple of thousand frames To determine the best settings for the movie i e how often a frame is created from the graph and the time between frames you will need to try different combinations The list of options below the Rate and Speed text boxes is a list of video compressor options available in your computer The selection of the option that works best for you is a trial and error approach We recommend the use of the Microsoft Video 1 option if available If the Fail to save AVI file error message is displayed when creating a movie try a different compressor option The I lt button will draw the results for the very first time step i e the graph will be de
140. ectrum is plotted If you want to plot other spectra e g relative velocity absolute acceleration etc click on the Graph command button to display the Response Spectrum Plot Menu In this form you will be able to select other computed spectra and other spectra from codes and attenuation relations The View command button can be used to view the contents of a ground motion file This will help you to collect the information needed to define the formatting of the file if necessary To do this first select a file using the Other button to select other files The first 60 lines of the file will be displayed on a form with the first three characters displayed in red representing the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a These characters are not part of the source file and are only shown to number the rows After the row numbers the alphanumeric characters that constitute the information saved in the file for each row are shown Note that the characters are displayed as blue on a white background and that every tenth character is displayed in red However if the tenth character is a blank space then the character is not shown This is done to guide the user when defining the order of the data in the file The ground motion can be plotted by clicking on the Motion command button When this form is called from the Ratio of Response Spectra form the damping ratio text boxes and the list of period values will be disabled i e t
141. eft click on a symbol on any of the graphs except the soil layers graph the X and Y coordinates for that point will be displayed on the text boxes above the graphics window Also note that when you click on a graph that graph will become the default graph when using the Property command button Graph Properties The properties of a graph e g symbol color axis values etc can be modified using the property pages of the graphics server To display the property pages for a graph first left click on any symbol of the graph to display its coordinates and then click on the Property command button To obtain more information about the different properties of the graph click on the Help command button of the property pages Option 4 Set If there is more than one set of Option 4 in the EDT file you can select a different set of material properties to display with the soil column To select a different set click on the down arrow to display the list of Option 4 sets available and click on the one you would like to display Printing To print the graphs click on the Print command button to display the Graphics Print D MOD2000 Page No 107 Plot Time Histories D MOD2000 Plot Results Brint Property Help Close aft Dependant Time Variables at Layer 3 Layer 3 Wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial Time 96 96 sec Acceleration C Velocity Displacement C Shear Strain Shear Stress Normalized Shear Stress N
142. eleration time history for node 79 extracted from a Quake W history node file The output files created have the following format 0 2048 0 0200 3 8 9 ProShake Output File C ProShake Output Shake lyr Acceleration Time History 17 0 1 C Download EduShake TREAS EQ 2048 0200 000408 002954 002443 000820 000282 000451 000215 000442 The values shown on the first line are the weight of the soil column above the layer e g 0 the number of values in the acceleration time history e g 2048 the time step for the acceleration time history e g 0 02 seconds the number of header lines in this file e g 3 header lines the number of data columns used to write the acceleration values e g 8 columns are used see line four and the number of digits that form each data column e g 9 digits per column see line four The second line describes the type of output file used to create this file and its path e g a ProShake output file named Shake lyr located in the C ProShake Output directory The third line shows the header line found in the original ProShake output file for this specific acceleration time history The fourth and subsequent lines are the values of acceleration for the time history saved in the file This file can now be used in D MOD2000 to perform the Newmark Displacement Analysis as explained in the Newmark Displacement Analysis section of this document If the acceleration values in the sourc
143. ement Analysis This option allows you to determine permanent slope displacements due to earthquake shaking using the Newmark Method Response Spectra for Ground Motion This option is used to compute the response spectra for a ground motion U S Geological Survey Seismic Hazard This form is used to retrieve the Peak Ground Acceleration from the files of gridded points used to make the 1996 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps Frankel et al 1996 for the updates Frankel et al 2002 U S Geological Survey 2003a and 2003b 2008 2010 and also to plot the results of the seismic hazard deaggregation for a site in the conterminous states of the United States D MOD2000 Page No 41 Earthquake Records Database D MOD2000 Earthquake Records Database CHI CHI 09 20 99 TCUO O w CWB 20 CHI CHI 09 20 99 TCUO O N CWB COALINGA 07 22 83 0238 SKUNK HOLLOW 360 USGS STATION 1605 COALINGA 07 22 83 0239 SKUNK HOLLOW 270 USGS STATION 1605 LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 ANDERSON DAM DOWNSTREAM 360 USGS STATION 1652 LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 ANDERSON DAM DOWNSTREAM 270 USGS STATION 1652 PALM SPRINGS 07 08 86 0920 N PALM SPR P O 300 USGS STATION 5070 PALM SPRINGS 07 08 86 0920 N PALM SPR P 0 210 USGS STATION 5070 NAHANNI CANADA 12 23 85 SITE 2 330 Ground Motion File No Values Time Step Max Acc No Header Values Line Format CrustaNTCUO70 W AT2 eq 19000 000s 8 8 GF38 Source File C
144. ent variables will be generated and stored To execute D MOD 2 click on the D MOD command button You will be prompted to save the input file When the D MOD DOS window opens you will be prompted to enter the name of the input file the name of master output file and depending on the value of the NPLD variable in Option 6 the number of the layer for which time dependent variables will be generated and saved Please note that for both the input and master output files you need to provide the path to the file if these files are not saved in the same path as the D MOD executable file The D MOD executable file is saved in the folder where D MOD2000 was installed After you have executed D MOD 2 you need to process the master output file created D MOD2000 will read the output file and extract the information that is most useful to the user and store it in a series of ASCII files that are used by the Plot Data options described below To process the output file click on the Process command button A message window will be displayed after processing is completed The time for processing depends on the amount of data stored in the master output file It could take from a few seconds to a few minutes For example for the extreme case when using a soil column with 200 layers a ground motion record with 32 000 points with data being saved for every time step and running the program on a Pentium Celeron 2 2 laptop processing of the output file to
145. ents velocities and accelerations of the mass M relative to the base If C is zero or close to zero acceleration response of a layer cannot be calculated and the program crashes ERROR MESSAGE ACCELERATION RESPONSE TOO LARGE appears in the printout Viscous damping is frequency dependent while the damping in soil is not frequency dependent One may hypothesize that viscous damping may be used to provide for damping in the nonlinear site response analysis at very small strains where the hysteretic damping inherent to the non linear soil models is nearly zero To make this hypothesis valid the viscous damping must be introduced into the non linear site response analysis in a way that provides for hysteretic damping at very small strains with minimum variation of viscous damping over the range of frequencies of interest In the non linear analysis viscous damping is expressed through viscous damping ratio c which is commonly modeled as c g M xX Br k 2 where ag and Bp are the Rayleigh damping coefficients and m and k are elements of the mass and stiffness matrices respectively Figure D 1 illustrates how viscous damping expressed through c changes with frequency Fuli Rayleigh Damping Viscous Damping Ratio 96 Figure D 1 Schematic Illustration of Viscous Damping Change with Frequency after Park and Hashash 2004 The viscous damping ratio can be brought closer to a constant value of target damping ratio Ci
146. ere are 8 values Note that there are no blank spaces separating the values when a negative sign is included 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000001 In the line below there are 8 values and there are blank spaces separating the values The last number e g 1 only identifies the row number Thus you would enter an 8 in this cell for this specific example 0 00000 0 00434 0 00860 0 00540 0 00565 0 00944 0 00369 0 00669 1 The last information needed for the file is the Format value The format string tells D MOD2000 how to read the ground motion values from the file This string is based on the syntax used in the Format statement of the FORTRAN computer language In this statement edit descriptors specify how the values are read The edit descriptors supported by D MOD2000 in this feature are Fw d Real values Ew d Ee Real values with exponents Gw d Real values extended range Dw d Double precision real values Iw Integer values In these descriptors the field is w characters wide with a fractional part d decimal digits wide and an optional exponent width of e Remember that the field w also includes any blank spaces and the sign You can also indicate that a given data format is repeated a number of times For example 8F9 6 repeats a nine character real value with six decimal digits descriptor eight times The first character on the format field should be a and the last character a
147. es variable and units of the auxiliary output files The auxiliary output files contain time dependent D MOD2000 Page No 4 variables calculated for a specified layer Depending upon selection one of the two auxiliary output files sets will be generated Set 1 alternative with two auxiliary files File Name i plotl prn 1 plot2 prn Contents Time axis Acceleration in layer i y Shear strain in layer i ormalized shear stress in layer i N lized shear st l e Normalized Pore water pressure in layer i Degradation index in layer i clay only Time axis Scaled base input acceleration Surface acceleration same as in layer i 1 Velocity in layer i Displacement in layer i 66599 Shear stress in layer i Set 2 alternative with eleven auxiliary files File Name i time prn i baccel prn i saccel prn i accel prn i veloc prn i displ prn i gamma o prn i tau prn i ustar prn i dindex prn i taustr prn Contents Time axis Scaled base input acceleration Surface acceleration same as in layer i 1 66599 Acceleration in layer i Velocity in layer i Displacement in layer i 66599 Shear strain in layer i Shear stress in layer i Normalized pore water pressure in layer i Degradation index in layer i clay only 66599 Normalized shear stress in layer i Units sec g g g ft sec ft psf
148. etrieved from the files and if necessary the values interpolated between the four grid points The S and S values are displayed in their corresponding text boxes on the upper right corner of the form To enter the values of S and S manually first click on the Enter values of spectral acceleration manually option to select it Then enter the value for S on the text box next to the S for Short period S label and the value for S on the text box next to the S for 1 second period S label In this option you also need to select one of the Soil Profile Type options The long period transition period T needs to be entered in the Long Period Transition T text box By default the program will compute the design spectrum If you need to use the MCE spectrum click on the MCE Spectrum option to select it When the spectrum is plotted either the Design or MCE word will be shown on the plot label to indicate which spectrum is being used When this form is called from the RRS form the default spectrum will be the MCE If you would like to manually enter the values for period and spectral acceleration select the User option The User command button will be enabled when this option is selected This option will display the User Defined Response Spectrum form In this form you can enter values of period and spectra for a user defined response spectrum that will be used to compute the modified spectrum using the results of the RRS analysis In t
149. ewmark Method To access this feature click on the Import command button to display the Import Acceleration Data form Using other acceleration history file If you want to use the data saved in a file different from the ones described above use the Other command button to display the Acceleration Time History dialog box to select the file that you want to use The name of the file will be displayed next to the option button on the bottom section of the form Now you need to enter the following information on the data cells below the file name First you need to select the file by clicking on the button next to the Other Acceleration Time History label This will enable i e the mouse cursor changes to the beam appearance when placed on the cells the data cells to enter the data We ll use the following example to explain the information necessary to plot the object motion Example D MOD2000 Sample Object Motion Time Period 0 01 Number of Points 2048 0 024455 0 000868 0 019352 0 012488 0 003331 0 030202 0 021586 0 022183 1 0 050340 0 025930 0 000123 0 020366 0 000176 0 008401 0 013457 0 014927 2 No Values This is the total number of acceleration values that form the object motion file For the above example there are 2048 points in the file thus you will enter 2048 in this cell Time step Enter the time interval between each acceleration value For this example it is 0 01 seconds No Header or Number of header line
150. fective confining stress Pick appropriate Darendeli et al 2001 parameters based upon site specific o D MOD2000 Page No 149 Yr Tmo Gmo Where Gino is the initial small strain shear modulus and Tmo is the shear stress at shear strain equal Ymo For design based upon generic parameters use y and Table A 2 Curve Fitting Constants of the MKZ Stress Strain Model Part B Other Soils MKZ Model Material Reference h Parameters S Gravel Similar to weak rock that comes with SHAKE91 Shibuya et al 1990 0 000722 ymo 0 1 Js 0 40 Generic Sand PI 0 Vucetic and Dobry 1991 0 000324 ymo 0 4 1 5 0 90 Generic Clay PI 15 Vucetic and Dobry 1991 0 000920 ymo 1 1 3 0 85 Generic Clay PI 30 Vucetic and Dobry 1991 0 001600 ymo 1 1 1 0 85 Generic Clay PI 50 Vucetic and Dobry 1991 0 002440 ymo 1 1 0 0 85 Generic Clay PI 100 Vucetic and Dobry 1991 0 003610 ymo 1 0 7 0 90 Generic Clay PI 200 Mexico City Clay Vucetic and Dobry 1991 0 004610 ymo 1 0 6 1 00 San Francisco Bay Mud PI 49 Stokoe and Lodde 1978 0 000990 ymo 0 3 0 5 1 20 Sherman Island Peat Boulanger et al 1998 0 01 ymo 1 1 0 0 80 Generic Solid Waste Geoenvironment 2000 Kavazanjian and Matasovic 1995 0 00160 ymo 1 2 5 0 60 OII Landfill Solid Waste Recommended Curve Matasovic and Kavazanjian 1998 0 00316 ymo 1 0 5 1 10
151. feet ft Square centimeters cm Square inches in To convert from Cubic centimeters cm Cubic meters m Cubic inches in Cubic feet ft To convert from Pounds 1b Kips Length To Feet Centimeters Meters Inches Centimeters Meters inches feet centimeters Area To Square feet Square centimeters Square inches Square meters Square centimeters Square inches Square meters Square feet Square inches Square meters Square feet Square centimeters Volume To Cubic meters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic feet Cubic centimeters Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic feet Cubic centimeters Cubic meters Cubic centimeters Cubic inches Force To grams kilograms Tons short kips Newtons Pounds D MOD2000 Page No 169 Multiply by 0 083333 2 54 0 0254 12 0 30 48 0 3048 39 370079 3 2808399 100 Multiply by 10 76387 10000 1550 0031 0 09290304 929 0304 144 0 0001 0 001076387 0 1550031 0 00064516 0 0069444 6 4516 Multiply by 1 x 106 3 5314667 x 10 0 061023744 35 314667 1000000 61023 74 1 6387064 x 10 5 787037 x 107 16 387064 0 0283 16847 28316 847 1728 Multiply by 453 59243 0 45359243 5x10 1 x 10 4 44822 1000 Tons short T Kilograms kg Kilonewtons kN To convert from Pounds square foot Ib ft Pounds square inch Ib in Tons short square foot T Kips square foot ksf Kilograms square centimeter kg cm Atmosp
152. file Single Sand Layer within Clay Deposit Option 2 Soil Profile Clay Deposit Option 4 Material Description Option 5 Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Card Option 7 Input Motion CHI CHI 09 20 99 ALS E CWB Option 7 Input Motion Nisqually WA Earthquake 2 2001 Olympia DNR Building By selecting specific options from this database you could create different input files for D MOD 2 For example you could create an input file as shown in the following D MOD2000 Page No 87 Option 1 Master Control Card Single Sand Layer within Clay Deposit Option 2 Soil Profile Single Sand Layer within Clay Deposit Option 4 Material Description Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Card Option 7 Input Motion Nisqually WA Earthquake 2 2001 Olympia DNR Building To create an EDT file you have four options First you may select the Create new EDT file using default data option Second you may start from scratch by creating sets for each option using the New command button to display the Option List form Each new option will use default values You will have to enter your project s specific data for each option using the editing forms provided with D MOD2000 Third you can edit an existing file by using the Open command button to display the Open Existing EDT File dialog form This allows you to simply modify existing data without the need to retype da
153. file is shown on the History Information column For ProShake if a file of type RAW is read this description is usually a number that identifies the ground motion used e g 1 2 etc For files of type LYR this description will be the path to the ground motion file used in the analysis e g C PROSHAKE YERBA EQ and other information such as number of values period etc For Quake W the information on this text box will be the information shown in the second line of the history node file You can modify the description for the history by entering up to 128 characters in this text box To create the acceleration time history files compatible with D MOD2000 click on the Export command button An individual file will be created for each time history displayed in this form For ProShake each file will have a name such as PrSk L AHL wherein the number before the L is the number on the History No column and the number after the L is the number shown on the Layer No column For example for the time history shown on the fifth row in the form above the file name will be PrSk5L17 AHL i e this is the file for the fifth time history in the file and it is for layer 17 The files will be written to the directory shown on the Export Directory box For Quake W each acceleration file will have a name that starts with the string QkeW followed by the number in the Node No column and will have an extension of AHL For example QkeW79 AHL is the acc
154. g Research Institute Oakland CA Volume 16 No 1 pp 21 40 February 2000 Martin G R Finn W D L and Seed H B 1975 Fundamentals of Liquefaction under Cyclic Loading Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE Vol 101 No GT5 pp 423 438 Martirosyan A U Dutta N Biswas A Papageorgiou and R Combellick 2002 Determination of Site Response in Anchorage Alaska on the Basis of Spectral Ratio Methods Earthquake Spectra Volume 18 No 1 pp 85 104 February 2002 Matasovic J 1993 Analysis of seismic records obtained on November 24 1987 at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array Master s Thesis Civil Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California Matasovic Neven 1993 Seismic Response of Composite Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits Ph D Dissertation Civil Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles 483 p Matasovic N 2006 D MOD 2 A Computer Program for Seismic Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits Earthfill Dams and Solid Waste Landfills User s Manual GeoMotions LLC Lacey Washington Matasovic N and Kavazanjian E Jr 1998 Cyclic Characterization of OII Landfill Solid Waste ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Vol 124 No 3 pp 197 210 Matasovic N Kavazanjian E and Giroud J P 1998 Newmark Seismic Deformation Analysis for Geosynthetic Covers Geosynthetics International
155. g constant decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 2 Degradation parameter fitting constant decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 2 Degradation index fitting constant decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 2 Degradation index fitting constant decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 2 Degradation index fitting constant decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 2 Degradation index fitting constant decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 2 For clayey soils the volumetric threshold shear strain 7 should also be provided in the material properties set for the soil D MOD2000 Page No 32 D MOD Option 5 Properties of the Visco Elastic Half Space D MOD2000 Option 5 Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Dor Set No Help Cancel Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Set Identification 1 wild Life Site Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Unit Weight Shear Wave pet ft sec 25000 150 This card is used only if ITMBY 1 Otherwise omit this card and go directly to Option 6 YE Unit weight of the visco elastic half space yg decimal pcf Vse Shear wave velocity of the visco elastic half space Vsg decimal ft sec D MOD2000 Page No 33 D MOD Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Card D MOD2000 Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Cc m 3 Help essa
156. he Plot Results form Partial Results at Uniform Time Step This option will plot a graph of the dependent variable versus depth and time along the soil column After selecting this option click on the Plot command button to display the Plot Results form The graph in this form can also be animated i e the change of the variable with time and depth will be displayed D MOD2000 Page No 92 Response Spectrum Select this option to display plots of response spectrum for different damping ratios for any layer The different response spectra plotted are Relative Displacement Sa Relative Velocity S Pseudo Relative Velocity PSV Absolute Acceleration S and Pseudo Absolute Acceleration PSA versus Period After selecting this option click on the Plot command button to display the Plot of Response Spectrum form By default the absolute acceleration spectrum for 5 damping for layer number 1 will be displayed upon loading of the form You can select other layers or other damping rations in the form Time Histories This option is used to plot the dependent variable time history for a layer of the soil column After selecting this option click on the Plot command button to display the Plot Results form By default the acceleration time history for layer 1 will be displayed upon first loading of the form Compare Results of Several Analyses This option is used to plot simultaneously results from up to 6 different analyses The resu
157. he different D MOD2000 forms Similarly the output data provided by D MOD 2 are in English units When working with SI units these data are converted to SI units during processing of the data The Create Excel CSV Files option can be used to save the output data from D MOD as comma separated values CSV files that can be opened with Excel The program will use the name shown in the Name of Plot Files text box and add three letters to identify the data in the file For example D MODout ACC csv will save the acceleration time histories The files will be created in the folder shown on the Directory of Output Files text box A few of the features included in D MOD2000 are available only on SI units e g the attenuation relations This is the case when the feature has been originally developed using the SI units and to support the worldwide move towards a common system based on the SI units For most data used in D MOD2000 the units for each value are shown on each form To create an input file for D MOD2000 select the options you want to include from the top list 1 e EDT File s Option List in the order they will be executed by D MOD 2 The options selected will be shown on the bottom list box Input File s Option List with the order number next to them To include an option in the input file first select the option by clicking on it to highlight it and then click on the Add button More than one set of input options can be created in order t
158. he form The graphics routine includes a number of property pages that can be used for customization of the graph For example you could add a 3 D look to the graph or change the colors The property pages are accessed through the Property command button More help on the graph control property pages can be obtained by clicking on the Help command button of these pages To print a copy of the graph or to copy the graph to the Windows Clipboard for use by other applications click on the Print command button to display the Graphics Print Menu form D MOD2000 Page No 104 Plot Response Spectrum D MOD2000 Plot of Response Spectrum Plot Graph Legend Print 5 Help Close lil Efi Eac it 2B aa 8 w R aE Damping Response Spectrum for Layer 1 Wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial LayeNo 1 04 TET i E Spacing 0 01 sec v D MOD2000 SA 5 Damping Absolute Acceleration g s my 0 1 Period sec This form is used to plot the response spectrum calculated using the acceleration time history computed for a layer By default the 5 damping Absolute Acceleration spectrum for layer number 1 i e the surface layer is plotted when loading this form To plot the response spectrum for a different layer click on the lt or gt command buttons to scroll through the different layers or type in the layer number in the text box Then click on the Plot command button to d
159. he one you want to use After plotting the spectra click on the Ok command button to return to this form The periods and spectra values will be shown on the data cells of the form A description of the spectrum will be shown on the text box below the Target Response Spectrum label This description can be modified and or entered manually by placing the cursor in the text box and typing in the desired information After you have entered the information for each period spectra pair click on the Ok command button to return to the previous form Each time you place the cursor on the Period PSV Sa or Spectra Value columns the Add and Delete command buttons are enabled If you want to add data for a new period spectra pair place the cursor on the period where the new values will be located and click on the Add button A new period spectra pair will be created and the values for the new pair will be the same as those for the pair immediately below D MOD2000 Page No 124 Now you need to modify the information for the period and spectral value The Delete button is used to delete a pair from the table Place the cursor on the Period Spectra Value Sa or PSV column and then click on the Delete button The data for the pair will be removed from the table and the information for the other pairs updated accordingly The Reset command button will delete all the information on the table The Save command button is used to save the data in a text file f
160. he user will not be able to modify these values The Ok command button will be enabled after the spectrum has been computed for the respective motion using the Spectra command button D MOD2000 Page No 116 Response Spectrum Plot Menu D MOD2000 Response Spectrum Plot Menu Dk Help Betum ACC File C AD MOD2000T urkeyFla T urkey152aux acc X Axis Project Turkey Flat Valley Center Within full damping n 5 c 0 5 Period 7 Frequency Profile Turkey Flat Valley Center Within full damping n 5 c 20 52 LlaeNo 1 Earthquake C D MOD200 Damping Values Type of Response Spectrum X Response spectrum for 5 damping Relative Displacement AASHTO NEHRP Relative VERE Attenuate Other Pseudo Relative Velocity TT Pseudo Absolute Acceleration de ue Save Spectrum Data CAD MOD2000 dmodspc t t i This form is used to select different response spectra and damping ratio options for plotting To display the spectrum for a damping value place the cursor on the damping check box and then click the left button on the mouse An x will appear in the check box to indicate your selection To choose a Type of Response Spectrum click on the appropriate check box then click on the Ok button to display the graph To cancel a selection click on the box again to remove the x There are three possible combinations for displaying the response spectrum e Select one damping value a
161. heres Tons short kilograms kilograms pounds Kips grams pounds Tons short kips newtons pounds Tons short kips kilograms Stress and Pressure To Pounds square inch Kips square foot Kilograms square centimeter Tons square meter atmospheres Kilonewtons square meter kilopascals Pounds square foot Kips square foot Kilograms square centimeter Tons square meter atmospheres Kilonewtons square meter atmospheres Kilograms square meter Pounds square inch Pounds square foot Kips square foot Kilonewtons square meter Pounds square inch Pounds square foot Tons short square foot Kilograms square centimeter Kilonewtons square meter Pounds square inch Pounds square foot Feet of water 4 C Kips square foot Tons square meter atmospheres Kilonewtons square meter bars Kilograms square centimeter D MOD2000 Page No 170 0 5 453 59243 907 18474 2000 2 1000 2 2046223 11 023113 x 107 2 2046223 x 10 9 80665 224 81 0 1124 0 22481 101 97 Multiply by 0 0069445 1 x 10 0 000488243 0 004882 4 72541 x 10 0 04788 144 0 144 0 070307 0 70307 0 068046 95 76 0 945082 9764 86 13 8888 2000 2 0 95 76 6 94445 1000 0 5 0 488244 47 88 14 223 2048 1614 32 8093 2 0481614 10 0 96784 98 067 1 0133 1 03323 Kilonewtons square meter kPa To convert from Grams cubic centimeter g cm Kilograms cubic meter kg m Pounds cubic inch Ib in Pounds cubic foot Ib ft
162. hi Chis TCUO70 W_AT2 txt D MOD2000 Conversion 18000 005 8 8 3 8f9 6 3 Acceleration Units g s No Values 18000 Time Step 005 secs Data Format 8f9 6 No Header Lines 8 PEER STRONG MOTION DATABASE RECORD PROCESSING BY PACIFIC ENGINEERING X Path to Earthquake Files CAD MOD2000 Quakes This form is used to display a listing of earthquake records available in your system Basic information for each record is saved in the D MOD2000 EQ database file located in the same directory where D MOD2000 is installed This file is an ASCII text file that can be modified either manually or through the Edit Database of Ground Motion Files form to include new information about new records or to edit current information To select an earthquake record click on it to highlight it and then click on the Choose button You will return to either the Option 7 editor where the data will be displayed on the corresponding cells or to the Plot Object Motion form where the data will be displayed on the bottom section of the form Use the Directory command button to choose the path to the directory where the earthquake motion files are stored After clicking on this button the Path to Earthquake Files form will be displayed Use the mouse to select the drive and directory and then click on the Ok button The directory will be displayed on the text box next to the Path to Earthquake Files label The following web sites provide ground
163. his way you can enter a user defined spectrum and select the IBC 80 design spectrum to be plotted on the same graph with the modified spectrum After you have entered the above input information click on the Ok button to compute the spectrum and to return to the previous form If you click on the Cancel button you will return to the previous form without modifying the input information if any had been selected previously If any of the options is disabled or results for any of the parameters are not shown on the respective text box this is due to the maps for this option or for these parameters not being available from the USGS D MOD2000 Page No 65 Import Acceleration Data D MOD2000 Import Acceleration Data Bead Esport Directory Help Close Import from ProShake File ProShake Export Directory C Quake w History Layer Column No Time History Information o No Weight Values Step Acceleration Units g s E Multiplier 1 This form is used to import acceleration files for use in the Newmark Method for displacement analysis included with D MOD2000 The applications supported by D MOD2000 are ProShake and Quake W In short first you will select an output file created by another application e g ProShake then read that output file to determine if there are any acceleration time histories and how many there are D MOD2000 will only read the first 6 acceleration ti
164. ia Strong Motion Data Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 Sadigh K and Egan J A 1998 Updated Relationships for Horizontal Peak Ground Velocity and Peak Ground Displacement for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Proceedings of the 6 U S National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Seattle WA May June 1998 Shibuya S Kong X J and Tasuoka F 1990 Deformation Characteristics of Gravels Subjected to Monotonic and Cyclic Loading Proc 8 Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium Tokyo Japan pp 771 776 Silva W Pyke R Youngs R and Idriss I M 1996 Development of Generic Site Amplification Factors Submitted to Earthquake Spectra 1997 Personal Communication with Dr Silva Spudich P Fletcher J Hellweg M Boatwright J Sullivan C Joyner W Hanks T Boore D McGarr A Baker L and Lindh A 1996 Earthquake Ground Motions in Extensional Tectonic Regimes U S Geological Survey Open File Report 96 292 Spudich P Fletcher J Hellweg M Boatwright J Sullivan C Joyner W Hanks T Boore D McGarr A Baker L and Lindh A 1996 SEA96 A New Predictive Relation for Earthquake Ground Motions in Extensional Tectonic Regimes U S Geological Survey Western Earthquake Hazards Team Seismology Section Menlo Park CA Accepted for publication in the January 1997 issue of Seismological Research Letters on ground motion attenuation relations
165. ical page or only to its printable area Most printers have a logical paper size that corresponds to the printer s printable area and a physical paper size that corresponds to the actual page size The physical paper size is always a little larger than the logical paper size If this option is selected an x is shown on the check box the program will print to the physical page To better understand how to create a form open the standard form included with D MOD2000 and then modify it as explained in the following The example described in the following paragraph is for a letter size paper 8 5 x 11 and portrait orientation To change paper type or orientation click on the Printer command button to display the printer dialog window For this example first click on the Open command button to display the file dialog form If necessary change to the directory where D MOD2000 is installed and select the shakey2k frm file Now click on Open You will return to this screen and the form will be displayed on the graphics window and the information about each line shown on the text boxes For each line the coordinates of its end points and thickness are shown on the text boxes To complete this form enter the following lines First place the cursor on the X left text box for line No 4 and type in 6 Press the Tab key to move the cursor to the text box on the Y left column Enter 9 7 These are the coordinates for the left end point of the
166. iect SHAKE2000Site 5 05 9 575 File No Example 1 sos 3 775 Subject Seismic Analysis 5 05 8975 anuar 2000 505 07 j NM a a a a a Font Tahoma Style Regular Showlogo X left in Y left in X right in Y right in This form is used to enter textual information about your company and or project that will be printed together with your graph and form The information that can be entered on this form is divided into two groups 1 information that is constant such as your company name address etc and 2 information that changes from project to project such as project number dates etc When you create your own forms you can enter a description for the form on the text box next to the Description label This description can be up to 80 characters long and will not be shown on the form To enter information on the form first type in the information in the Label column This label is expected to be constant e g Project No Then enter the information that changes in the text box for the Information column e g 99 1035 Then enter the X and Y coordinates where the text will be printed on the paper The origin of coordinates i e X 0 amp Y 0 is the upper left corner of the paper sheet The string of text formed by the information on the Label and Information columns will be printed starting at the point defined by X and Y
167. ies Other Analyses amp Utlities Options C Earthquake Engineering Analyses amp Utilities X Automatically save EDT amp Input Files X Check input data before running D MOD Directory of Output Files C Program Files D MOD2000 ShortCourse Create Excel CSV Files T Sl units This is the Main Menu form for D MOD2000 It has three main uses 1 to create the input file for D MOD 2 2 to process the master and auxiliary output files created by D MOD 2 and 3 to allow the user access to plotting and other engineering analyses features of the program In this section we will first explain the main working file in D MOD2000 This file is identified by the extension EDT This file is a database file that stores the data for the different options for D MOD 2 You can have any number of sets of data for each option i e 8 sets of option data 6 sets of option 2 etc The total maximum number of all sets for all of the options combined is 32 000 You can then select from this database those options that you want to use in the analysis and save them in an input file for D MOD 2 The difference between an EDT file and other files is that the options are saved sequentially beginning with option 1 and so on For example an EDT file for D MOD2000 could be composed by the following options Option 1 Master Control Card Single Sand Layer within Clay Deposit Option 1 Master Control Card Clay Deposit Option 2 Soil Pro
168. ies of Soils Part II n Constant used to calculate E from Martin et al 1975 model decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 3 Jat Saturated unit weight of soil decimal pcf The value of G will be re calculated using the value for Vs when the value for saturated unit weight is changed Jet Wet bulk unit weight of soil decimal pcf k Hydraulic conductivity of soil decimal ft sec Qg Or C The first Rayleigh damping coefficient o or c if NDAMP 1 an element on the diagonal of the viscous matrix C percent if NDAMP 1 decimal if NDAMP 2 units if NDAMP 1 force per unit velocity if NDAMP 2 13 NDAMP the viscous damping control number specified in Option 1 Br Second Rayleigh damping coefficient decimal 14 The damping in soil is not frequency dependent Therefore the choice of ag and Bp must be made that provides for damping values that have minimum variations over the range of frequencies of interest The simplest and for most practical applications accurate enough way to achieve that is to set 0 and calculate r as Be c z T where c is the viscous damping coefficient decimal and T is predominant period of the soil deposit in seconds T can be calculated in a dry run of D MOD 2 Viscous damping coefficient c is typically in the 0 5 to 5 range The conventional procedure to evaluate o and is presented in Appendix D More rigorous procedure to e
169. il Plasticity on Cyclic Response Journal of Geotechnical Engineering ASCE Vol 117 No 1 pp 89 107 Vucetic M Dobry R Stokoe K H Ladd R S and Youd T L 1986 Evaluation of a Liquefaction Case History Heber Road Site 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake Proc 8th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering Lisbon Portugal Vol 2 pp 57 64 Youngs R R Chiou S J Silva W J and Humphrey J R 1997 Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relationships for Subduction Zone Earthquakes Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 Zekkos Dimitrios Jonathan D Bray and Michael F Riemer 2008 Shear modulus and material damping of municipal solid waste based on large scale cyclic triaxial testing Canadian Geotechnical Journal Vol 45 pages 45 58 Zhang J Andrus R D and Juang C H 2005 Normalized Shear Modulus and Material Damping Ratio Relationships Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Vol 131 No 4 April 2005 pp 453 464 Zhang Jianfeng Ronald D Andrus and C Hsein Juang 2008 Model Uncertainty in Normalized Shear Modulus and Damping Relationships Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Vol 134 No 1 January 2008 pp 24 36 Zhao John X Jian Zhang Akihiro asano Yuki Ohno Taishi Oouchi Toshimasa Takahashi Hiroshi Ogawa Kojiro Irikura Hong K Thio Pagul G Sommerville Yasuhiro Fukushima and Yoshimitsu Fukushima 200
170. iles The first 60 lines of the file will be displayed on a form with the first three characters displayed in red representing the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a These characters are not part of the source file and are only shown to number the rows After the row numbers the alphanumeric characters that constitute the information saved in the file for each row are shown Note that the characters are displayed as blue on a white background and that every tenth character is displayed in red However if the tenth character is a blank space then the character is not shown This is done to guide the user when defining the order of the data in the file Earthquake Records You can plot the object motions listed in the ground motion files database by clicking on the Quakes button to display a listing of the files saved in the D MOD2000 EQ file Once the list is displayed you can choose a record by highlighting it and clicking on the Ok button or by double clicking on it The data for the ground motion will be shown on the Other section of the form To plot the object motion click on the Plot button Analysis of Ground Motions A series of options are included that may help the user with the visual analysis of the ground motions This is helpful to evaluate the reliability of the ground motion record for use in geotechnical analyses For example for some ground motion files the displacement time history obtained from doub
171. ill be automatically updated Graph height Set the height of the graph using the units defined by the paper size set on the window s print setup dialog Use the Tab key to move to the other data cells and the Delete key to delete the contents of a cell Once the value of this cell is modified the margins shown will be automatically updated The paper dimensions shown in the Width and Height boxes will switch to update the paper orientation to portrait or landscape The margins shown will also be updated Once you have entered the dimensions and position of the graph use the Print button to send a copy of the graph to the printer To create a form that can be printed together with the graph click on the Report command button to display the Company amp Project Information form and then on the Form command button to display the Report Form Development form Options Print in color Select this option to print the graph in color using a color printer By default when the Graphics Print Menu form is displayed the graph is drawn in black amp white When this option is selected an x will appear in the check box and the graph will be redrawn in color Print as a windows metafile Select this option if you want to create a Windows metafile of the graph Click on Print to display the Windows Metafile dialog form Enter the name of the file and select a directory where the file will be saved Then click Save Print report form Select this
172. ill by default use the attenuation relation for rock when plotting the ground motion parameters To plot these parameters for other site conditions select the appropriate option for each attenuation relation from the Other Site Conditions amp Options Some specific information about these options is e In the Campbell 1997 attenuation relation the coefficients for local site conditions are defined by selecting one of five options Alluvium firm soil soft rock hard rock generic soil or generic rock By default the option for hard rock is selected For the generic options default values of depth to basement rock of 1 and 5 km for rock and soil respectively are used in the attenuation relation e For the Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 2008 NGA Bozorgnia amp Campbell 2003 Chiou amp Youngs 2008 NGA or Stewart et al 2003 attenuation relations select the corresponding D MOD2000 Page No 59 option of the Hanging Wall options to use the factor to distinguish between ground motions on the hanging wall and footwall of dipping faults When using the ground motion prediction equations for significant duration by Abrahamson amp Silva i e A amp S 1996 Bommer Stafford amp Alarcon BSA 2009 or Kempton amp Stewart i e K amp S 2006 the magnitude value is entered in the Magnitude text box For Kempton amp Stewart and Bommer Stafford amp Alarcon the value for V 5 is entered in the Shear Wave Velocity to 30 m text box
173. ime step of the earthquake record D MOD2000 Page No 35 D MOD Option 7 Earthquake Record Accelerogram Control Card D MOD2000 Option 7 Earthquake Record Control Ok Quakes Other Convert Restore View Plot Help Cancel Set No Earthquake Record Control Set Identification 2 Motion SJTE315 0 24 a SHAKE Calibration NCARD NREC NFTS Time Step 312 e a New Option 6 FINPEG NHEAD JC D MOD2000 Quakes D MOD Crustal SJTE315 eqk e NCARD Number of earthquake record accelerogram data cards NREC Number of digitized acceleration values per data card min 1 max 10 D MOD2000 accepts up to 32 000 values for the accelerogram file Accordingly the result of NCARD x NREC should be less than or equal to 32 000 NFTS Input Acceleration unit control number 0 Input acceleration values are in g units 1 Input acceleration values are in ft sec RDFR Accelerogram scaling constant Input acceleration values will be multiplied by this constant before execution of the step by step numerical integration RDFR 1 0 by default Time Step Time step of earthquake record in seconds FINPEQ Name of the accelerogram input file e g taftN21E sar Any 1 2 and or 3 letter file extension is allowed A maximum of 68 characters is allowed for this variable NHEAD Number of the header lines at the top of the accelerogram input file min 0 max 200 The Accelerogram Input File Card 1 0
174. ing on this button the Path to Earthquake Files form will be displayed Use the mouse to select the drive and directory and then click on the Ok button The directory will be displayed on the text box next to the Path to Earthquake Files label The total number of acceleration values that form the object motion file is entered in the text box below the No Values label For the above example there are 2048 values in the file In the text box below the Time Step label enter the time interval between each acceleration value For this example it is 0 02 seconds The peak acceleration value of the ground motion can be entered in the text box below the Max Acc label Entering this value is optional In the text box below the No Header label enter the number of lines at the beginning of the file that are used to describe the object motion In the above example the first three lines are the header lines In the text box below the Values Line label enter the number of acceleration values on each line of the file For the above example there are 8 values on each line The number entered in this box is used with the information entered in the Format text box to determine how many values are to be read from each row of data in the file Other examples of the information entered in this box are In the line below there are 4 values separated by blank spaces 1059027E 04 1461820E 04 1690261E 04 1506594E 04 In the line below th
175. ion in the Description text box Then click on the Ok command button Upon returning to the displacement screen the description will be displayed on the text box The next option Changes with displacement allows you to enter values of yield acceleration that vary as a function of displacement Matasovic et al 1998 provide an example of this application These data are entered as described previously for the Changes with time option To select an acceleration time history to use in the displacement analysis click on the File command D MOD2000 Page No 82 button on the Acceleration Time History line to display the Newmark Displacement Ground Motion File form Use this form to select a time history file or to create a weighted file from a series of files that may represent different columns on the soil profile If you would like to scale this acceleration time history to a different value of maximum peak acceleration place the cursor on the Maximum Acceleration Value text box and enter the value for the new peak acceleration in g s If you enter 0 zero a scaling factor of 1 one will be used and the record will not be changed An option to account for the upslope movement is included in D MOD2000 Normally the error in not including the upslope movements is not significant Jibson 1993 Newmark 1965 To include the upslope movement click on the check box for the Include upslope movement option If you select this option you need
176. is nearly zero hence the fitted damping curve in the MKZ model spreadsheet is adjusted for viscous damping However note that adding viscous damping may also contribute to over damping at higher strains The most accurate estimate of viscous damping can be obtained by calibrating the non linear analysis against an equivalent linear analysis that has a constant value of viscous damping at all frequencies The calibration variables include the target damping ratio an odd integer n and target frequency f Figure D 2 illustrates sample calibration of the non linear analysis Variables considered in the calibration include two target damping ratios 0 5 and 5 three odd integers n 0 3 and 5 and the following target frequencies site frequency f defined as inverse of the predominant period of soil profile mean frequency fm defined as the weighted average site frequency with weights defined from the Fourier amplitudes spectrum Rathje et al 1998 and predominant frequency of the input motion fp corresponds to the highest peak in the acceleration spectrum of the input motion Acceleration response spectrum calculated using SHAKE91 is for reference also shown in Figure D 2 Target viscous damping ratio used Target viscous damping ratio used in DMOD 2 is 0 5 in OD 2 is 5 Input Outcropping Within SHAKE Surface SHAKE gt Surface OMOD2 Simplified f Surface DMOD2 Simpiifled f Surface DMOD2 Simpiifled
177. is used choice between two non linear hysteretic models is offered in Option 4 Viscous damping control number 1 Coefficients of the viscous damping matrix C are read from input cards as force per unit velocity values not recommended 2 Rayleigh damping coefficients a and ff are read from the input cards The viscous damping matrix C is calculated by the program as C a g M K o where t 0 denotes the initial conditions i e conditions before stiffness degradation by the seismically induced PWP buildup Viscous damping is required to maintain numerical stability of the solution Note that as viscous damping is additive to the hysteretic material damping it also compensates for lack of material damping in small strain range 7 Recommended option Top hydraulic boundary condition number 0 Sets zero pore water pressure PWP at the top hydraulic boundary PWP 0 at the top of the NFIRST layer see explanation for NLAST of this card Sets zero flow at the top hydraulic boundary flow 0 at the top of NFIRST layer Note that NBT and NBB are used by the program only when NPTYPE 3 Bottom hydraulic boundary condition control number 0 Sets zero pore water pressure at the bottom hydraulic boundary PWP 0 at the bottom of the NLAST layer see explanation for NLAST of this card Sets zero flow at the bottom hydraulic boundary flow 0 at the bottom of NLAST layer
178. isplay the spectrum A new value of damping can be entered in the text box next to the Damping label This value should be entered as a percentage i e 5 instead of 0 05 To plot the new spectrum click on the Plot command button The Spacing list is used to select the spacing between the period values used to compute the response spectrum Click on the down arrow list to select a different value A spacing of 0 01 seconds creates a spectrum with 1000 points starting with 0 01 seconds while a spacing of 0 001 seconds will create a spectrum with 10 000 points starting at 0 001 seconds Please note that using a smaller value for spacing will lengthen the time needed for computation and for plotting of the spectrum To display a menu of available spectra click on the Graph command button The Response Spectrum Plot Menu form showing the different spectra options e g pseudo absolute acceleration relative displacement etc will be displayed This form can also be used to select other spectra to plot e g attenuation NEHRP IBC Eurocode or the user s own spectrum The graphics routine includes a number of property pages that can be used for customization of the graph For example you could add a 3 D look to the graph or change the colors The property pages are D MOD2000 Page No 105 accessed through the icons shown on the upper part of the graph More help on the graph control property pages can be obtained by clicking on the Help co
179. it eo ee pe HE codo ete ex ELE e bee taae ioh 12 Comparison of Results et er ER bc si eed 14 Conversion of Ground Motion Files 1 21 Ett Lee nee e et eee eoe eoe ko a leet oe ER Fo gn 15 Curve Fitting Parameters for MKZ Model eese ener nre 23 D MOD Option 1 Master Control Card eese ener ener 24 D MOD Option 2 Layer Description Card eese ener nen 27 D MOD Option 4 Material Description Card ee cesecesecsseceseceseceseeeeceseseeeaeesseeeaaecaaecsaesaeenaeee 29 D MOD Option 5 Properties of the Visco Elastic Half Space sse 33 D MOD Option 6 Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Card eee 34 D MOD Option 7 Earthquake Record Accelerogram Control Card sess 36 Database of Damping Ratio Curves ossis arreire neni ereere a aa ee nennen nennen neret enne enne 38 Database of G Gry Curves ise RR ie ere doe DEEP eere Tee HE Pieve eee 39 Dynamic Material Properties Model eeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeee eene ener enne enne 40 Earthquake Engineering Analyses amp Utilities esee eene 41 Earthquake Records Database 2 nee a ee eene ee ee eere dise eoe eee de re Hae nsa eia 42 Edit Add Ground Motion File Information eese eene nne rennen 44 EuroCode 8 Response Spectrum eienen nii i n ei e E E E a a i 48 G Gmo amp Damping Ratio Curves Database
180. le integration of the acceleration time history may be unreasonable e g it may increase or decrease without bounds One possible explanation for this incompatibility is that in practice when a ground motion history is processed the velocity and displacement time histories are obtained by applying additional corrections Trifunac and Lee 1973 However the acceleration time history may not reflect these corrections Accordingly the three histories are not fully compatible with one another although each may represent the best estimate of the quantity at the site A similar problem has been evaluated by Crespellani et al 2003 who studied the effect of the techniques used for processing strong ground motion records on the results obtained from Newmark displacement analyses A simplified baseline correction of the acceleration time history is done by applying a parabolic baseline correction to the acceleration time history with minimization of the mean square of the resulting velocity Brady A G 1966 as referenced in Nigam amp Jennings 1968 The corrected time histories for acceleration velocity or displacement will be displayed when the respective time history and the Baseline corrected options are selected For integration of the acceleration time history D MOD2000 will use a default value of 0 0 for both the initial velocity and displacement If the user wishes to use a different value the initial value for velocity should be ente
181. leted and only a point will be shown you can then draw the graph one time step at a time by using the right arrow button The I button will draw the graph up to the last time step i e the time history of the stress strain loop will be shown in its entirety Stepping through time also applies to the base input motion graph when this graph is selected The graphics routine includes a number of property pages that can be used for customization of the graph For example you could add a 3 D look to the graph or change the colors The property pages are accessed through the Property command button More help on the graph control property pages can be obtained by clicking on the Help command button of these pages The Spacing list is used to select the spacing between the period values used to compute the response spectrum Click on the down arrow list to select a different value A spacing of 0 01 seconds creates a spectrum with 1000 points starting with 0 01 seconds while a spacing of 0 001 seconds will create a spectrum with 10 000 points starting at 0 001 seconds Please note that using a smaller value for spacing will lengthen the time needed for computation and for plotting of the spectrum The Plot Other Spectrum option is used to simultaneously plot a spectrum computed using the Other option of the Response Spectrum Plot Menu form With this option you don t need to recalculate the other spectrum when conducting different D MOD analysis To
182. lts that can be compared include maximum values response spectra and partial results at uniform time step Time Dependant Variables for a Layer When executing D MOD results for a specific layer can be saved in auxiliary output files This option will plot the results for this layer only When processing the output file created by D MOD 2 the auxiliary output files will be read and the data saved to a file with an extension of VAR The name of this file will be formed by the label entered in the Name of Plot Files followed by the letter A and a number representing the number of the analysis and the letter L followed by a number which is the number of the layer entered in the Output Generated for Layer text box For example WildSHCA1L3 VAR would be the name for a file created using the WildSHC for the name of the output files for analysis number one i e A1 and for layer number 3 i e L3 After choosing this option click on the Plot command button to open the file dialog box and select a VAR file Calibrate with Frequency Domain Analysis This option is used when plotting the response spectrum obtained for a specific layer as explained in the Time Dependant Variables for a Layer option above and comparing the spectrum to that obtained from a SHAKE analysis When this option is selected you will be asked for a VAR file the first time the option is used For subsequent uses of this option the same V
183. lumns 56 through 65 is used to enter the maximum acceleration value to be used If this field is left blank a value of zero will be assigned The number of header lines in the file containing the object motion is entered in the IHeader field from columns 66 through 75 The number of acceleration values per line in the object motion file is entered in the Values field from columns 76 through 85 The format for reading the acceleration values is entered in the Format field from columns 86 through 95 After modifying the file don t forget to update the number of earthquake records in the Number of Earthquake Records line The file should be saved as a text file with no special formatting using a text processor D MOD2000 Page No 47 EuroCode 8 Response Spectrum D MOD2000 EuroCode Spectra Ok Help m Spectrum Subsoil Class Parameters Type C Class ag RI lg Tp 15 sec C Type2 i s C Cost Damping 5 4 Tc 5 sec C ClassD 5311 2 Tp sec C Class E This form is used to select the options and or enter the data necessary to plot a design response spectrum in accordance with Part 1 of the EuroCode 8 European Committee for Standardization 2000 To select a spectrum first choose one of the Spectrum Type options Then select a subsoil class from the Subsoil Class options to determine the soil parameter S Next enter a value for the design ground acceleration in the text box adjacent to the a label
184. m that will be used to compute the modified spectrum using the results of the RRS analysis After you have entered the above input information click on the Ok button to compute the spectrum and to return to the Response Spectrum Plot Menu form If you click on the Cancel button you will return to the plot menu form without modifying the input information if any had been selected previously The Reset button is used to set the values of the form to their default values D MOD2000 Page No 81 Newmark Displacement Analysis D MOD2000 Newmark Displacement Analysis Print Save Append Help Close Project D M002000 Newmark Displacement Analysis Yield Acceleration in g s Constant acceleration Changes with time Changes with displacement Acceleration Time History g s C D MOD2000 S ample wildshb amp 1L3 ahl Wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial AHL Layer 3 Analysis 1 Maximum Acceleration Value g 2460 Acceleration due to Gravity 386 4 in sec 2 m Newmark Method by C Houston et al E Static Factor of Safety Franklin amp Chang Plot All Relative X Reversal Displacement Results Maximum 5 118954 in Average 4 669036 in Minimum 4 219119 in Displacement File This feature of D MOD2000 allows you to determine permanent slope displacements due to earthquake shaking using the Newmark Method For more complete information on the methodology and data used i
185. me histories found in the file and finally create a series of output files i e one per acceleration time history in the format used by D MOD2000 to perform the displacement analysis with the Newmark Method Before using any of the files created with this form we highly recommend that you compare the contents of each file with the data in the original output file to determine if the data were read correctly You can use a text processor to open the files For ProShake D MOD2000 supports two types of output files 1 files with the extension RAW and 2 files with the extension LYR For Quake W D MOD2000 uses the History Node file i e files whose extension starts with the letter O To select an output file first select one of the software applications and then click on the File command button to display the Open Output File dialog form By default for ProShake a listing of the files with the extension LYR will be automatically displayed To select files with the extension of RAW click on the down arrow for the list box next to the Files of type label and then select the ProShake RAW option For Quake W a listing of files whose extension starts with the letter O will be displayed Double click on the file to select it and return to D MOD2000 The file name and its path will be shown on the text box next to the ProShake or Quake W File label The next step is to read the contents of the output file to extract the information ne
186. mm y Silt 2 io wo g J f T Dr o Sand WSA Sand WSB Sand WSB Sand WSB Sand WSB o e a M 3 B pip Es oe 9 e I n ceo e TL 4 2o As many cards as there are layers i e NLAYER cards MATYP NSUBD I bi ITWT D MOTYP 66599 Material type identification number corresponding to the i th layer Note that layers in the input file are not numbered but it is assumed that the layer at the soil surface or at the crest of a dam is layer number 1 Uses XLBL optional to number the material sets Number of subdivisions of the i th layer for pore water pressure redistribution and or dissipation calculation min default value 2 max 10 PWP redistribution and or dissipation are calculated using an explicit finite difference FD scheme The mesh for FD calculation should be denser than the one for site response calculation hence NSUBD default value is 2 Thickness of the i th layer hi decimal ft 10 Note that the maximum frequency of a layer fmax is the highest frequency that the layer can propagate The fmax is calculated as fmax V 4H where V and H are the shear wave velocity and thickness of the layer respectively If a layer is too thick the maximum frequency that a layer can propagate is small For example the most commonly used fmax to calculate an adequate
187. mmand button of these pages To display the X and Y coordinates of a specific point on the graph click on any point along the graph to display its coordinates in the text cells shown on the right side of the form A copy of the graph can be printed or copied to the Windows Clipboard for use by other applications by clicking on the Print command button This will display the Graphics Print Menu form that can be used for printing To change the legends of the curves click on the Legend command button This will display the Legend Text form D MOD2000 Page No 106 Plot Soil Profile D MOD2000 Plot Soil Profile j Property Opton4Set i Depth 0 Gmo 327 012 Help Close Soil Profil UW pcf G Tmo k TTC o und o 7 000 7 2000 o 00008 o o o o m 14 caca da cca D acacaca T aca a Laici Liri nai eee A A e 10 amp amp Depth feet to S5 This form will display a series of graphs that summarize the Options 2 and 4 input data You can also display a graph of the soil column with soil type information By default when the graphs are first displayed the left most graph will show the soil layers as they were entered in Option 2 When you click on the Profile command button the Soil Profile Information form is displayed On this form you can enter data for the bottom elevation of the soil layer and a description of the soil type X Y coordinates When you l
188. mp Boore 2011 9 Boore Joyner amp Fumal 1997 Reference Joyner W B Boore D M and Fumal T E 1997 10 Campbell K W 1997 References Campbell K W 1997 and Campbell K W 2000a 2000b 11 Campbell K W 2002 CEUS Reference Campbell K W 2002 2003 personal communication 2004 12 Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 References Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2003a 2003b 2003c 2004 Campbell K W 2003 13 Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2008 NGA Reference Campbell K W and Bozorgnia Y 2008 14 Campbell Bozorgnia amp Hachem 2010 Relation for Inelastic response spectra Reference Bozorgnia et al 2010 15 Chiou B amp Youngs R 2008 NGA Reference Chiou Brian S and Youngs Robert R 2008 16 Gregor et al 2002 Cascadia Subduction Reference Gregor et al 2002 17 Idriss I M 2008 NGA Reference Idriss I M 2008 18 Kanno et al 2006 Japan Reference Kanno et al 2006 19 Sabetta amp Pugliese 2009 Italy References Sabetta F and Pugliese A 1987 1996 2009 20 Sadigh et al 1997 Reference Sadigh et al 1997 21 SEA99 Spudich et al 1999 Reference Spudich P et al 1996 Spudich P et al 1999 and Pankow amp Pechmann 2004 22 Stewart Liu amp Cho1 2003 Reference Stewart Liu and Choi 2003 23 Tavakoli amp Pezeshk 2005 ENA Reference Tavakoli amp Pezeshk 2003 24 Toro et al 199
189. n as well as verification of curve fitting constants and material parameters on case histories Full citations of these references are provided in the References section of this manual Volumetric threshold shear strain D MOD2000 Page No 155 Table B 1 continued Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants of the Pore Water Pressure and Degradation Models Sand and Low Plasticity Silt Degradation Pore Water E Ye Material Reference Model MEETS Model ft s v F s Warrenton Oregon Silt recovered from 130 and 248 ft b g s 73 lt fines lt 99 32 9 lt water content lt 37 3 96 86 3 lt Ya lt 88 9 pcf 822 lt V 1 086 fps OCR 1 0 Dickenson 2008 EG B 7 a Notes 1 Plasticity chart for this silt is shown in Figure B 2 2 Full citation of this reference is provided in the References section of this manual 3 Volumetric threshold shear strain Table B 2 Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants of the Pore Water Pressure and Degradation Model Clay Material Reference Yiv Pore Water Pressure and Degradation Model Parameters St r A B C D Marine Clay OCR 1 0 Matasovic and Vucetic 1995 0 1 0 075 0 495 7 6451 14 7174 6 3800 0 6922 Marine Clay OCR 1 4 Matasovic and Vucetic 1995 0 1 0 064 0 520 14 6202 30 5124 18 4265 2 5343 Marine Clay OCR 2 0 Matasovic and Vucetic 1995 0 1 0 054 0 480 12 9495 26 3
190. n the upper part of the graph More help on the graph control property pages can be obtained by clicking on the Help command button of these pages To display the X and Y coordinates of a specific point on the graph click on any point along the graph to display its coordinates in the text cells shown on the right side of the form A copy of the graph can be printed or copied to the Windows Clipboard for use by other applications by clicking on the Print command button This will display the Graphics Print Menu form that can be used for printing To change the legends of the curves click on the Legend command button This will display the Legend Text form When plotting the significant duration of earthquake ground motions using either the Abrahamson amp Silva 1996 or the Kempton amp Stewart 2006 relation the duration distance pair for a user s record can be plotted on the same graph for comparison purposes To do this first enter the record s distance and duration in the respective text boxes and a label of up to 24 characters to describe this record then click on the Plot user s event option to select it D MOD2000 Page No 54 This section presents a number of ground motion attenuation relations that can be used to estimate the peak ground acceleration or velocity with distance and the pseudo absolute acceleration or pseudo relative velocity response spectra The reference for each attenuation relation is given and the
191. n this feature please refer to the papers by Houston et al 1987 Matasovic et al 1998 and Newmark 1965 In D MOD2000 two different approaches are used to create an algorithm for the Newmark Method as recommended by Houston et al 1987 and by Franklin and Chang 1977 The approach by Houston et al allows the use of the upslope component of the yield acceleration in order to account for upslope movement However when only the downslope component of the yield acceleration is used both approaches yield similar results To select a method click on the radio button for the method s option When this form is first displayed the cursor is on the Project text box Enter the description up to 80 characters for the analysis you will be doing Press the Tab key or use the mouse pointer to move the cursor to one of the Yield Acceleration options The first option Constant Acceleration allows you to use a constant value for the yield acceleration When this option is selected the text box next to the label is enabled and the cursor is placed on it Enter the value for the yield acceleration The second option Changes with time allows you to enter values of yield acceleration that vary as a function of time After you select this option the Edit command button next to the text box will be enabled Click this button to display the Yield Acceleration Function form Enter the data for time yield acceleration and a brief description for the funct
192. n to display the Edit Add Ground Motion File Information form Refer to that section of this manual for more information about editing the database Please note that to access the database form you should not open a file first D MOD2000 Page No 22 Curve Fitting Parameters for MKZ Model D MOD2000 Curve Fitting Parameters for MKZ Model Dk ALDO Match Modulus v Material of Help Cancel SP SC P15 GXGmax Modet Znang 2008 M Quaternary Pi 1 P SC P 15 Damping Model Znang 2008 M Quaternary Pi No B ETC E pi a so Ses m4 Modulus Reduction Curve SP SC PI 15 G Gmax Model Zhang 2008 M Quatermary Pl 15 15 kPa Sand Damping Ratio Curve SP SC PI 15 Damping Model Zhang 2008 M Quatemary Pl 15 15 kPa Sand Damping 0 0 00001 0 0001 0001 001 Strain CHP TO Damping Mosel Zhang 2008 M Quatemary P 14 s Lisa i icai i acia ahas T pm 7 zi 53 mom 5 4 Madulus Reduction Curve CH PI 70 G Gmax Model Zhang 2008 M Quatemary Pl 70 15 kPa Clay Damping Ratio Curve CH PI 70 Damping Model Zhang 2008 M Quatemary PI 70 15 kPa Clay ao 05 00001 7780 00 Strain 5 Damping SP SC P 15 Damping Model Znang 2005 M Quaternary PI f x Pape LER LEN Modulus Reduction Curve 5 SP SC PI 15 G Gmax Model Zhang 2008 M Quatemary PI 15 50 kPa Sand Damping Ratio Curve E SP SC PI 15 Damping Model
193. nd one type of response spectrum e Select one damping value and two types of response The two types of response spectrum are either Relative Velocity amp Pseudo Relative Velocity or Absolute Acceleration amp Pseudo Absolute Acceleration e Select as many damping values as desired up to the total shown and only one type of spectrum Other options and or features available are e Period Select this option to use the period sec scale in the X axis e Frequency Select this option to use the frequency Hz scale in the X axis Normalized Use this option to plot the normalized response spectrum This option only works when plotting S or PSA spectra Relative Displacement Sd Plot the Relative Displacement versus period Relative Velocity Sv Plot the Relative Velocity versus period Pseudo Relative Velocity PSV Plot the Pseudo Relative Velocity versus period Absolute Acceleration Sa Plot the Absolute Acceleration versus period Pseudo Absolute Acceleration PSA Plot the Pseudo Absolute Acceleration versus period AASHTO This option allows you to plot the AASHTO response spectra This option can only be used with the Acceleration response spectra and 5 damping You can use this option together with the D MOD2000 Page No 117 Mean Site Attenuate or NEHRP options After clicking on the AASHTO button the AASHTO s Seismic Response Coefficients form will be displayed Attenuate This option allows you to plot p
194. nd that the time interval is 0 005 seconds ER STRONG MOTION DATABASE RECORD PROCESSING BY PACIFIC ENGINEERING HI CHI 09 20 99 ALS E CWB CCELERATION TIME HISTORY IN UNITS OF G FILTER POINTS HP 0 1 Hz LP 30 0 Hz PTS 11800 DT 00500 SEC 9029319E 05 9034156E 05 9026870E 05 9016792E 05 9034652E 05 ZAW D MOD2000 Page No 16 If the formatting or the information in the file do not match these assumptions then it is recommended to use the Other option as explained below The USGS option is similar to the PEER option in that specific information is searched to determine the number of acceleration values and the time interval However the USGS files do not have a fixed number of header lines Accordingly USGS files are first read to determine the number of header lines and at the same time determine the number of acceleration values and time interval To this end the program will first search for the npw2 dt total duration string For example npw2 dt total duration 16384 0 00500 81 9 When this string is found it is assumed that the time interval is the second value e g 0 005 sec for the string above The program will then search for the Begin Scaled Accelerogram Data string and assume that the acceleration values start one line after this position The program will count the number of lines of data until it finds the E
195. nducting the analysis a second time The displacement values are compared to determine the maximum and minimum and an average value is computed The data can be saved to a text file by clicking on the Save command button This will display the save file dialog box Enter a name for the text file where all this information will be saved for future retrieval using the Open command button The acceleration velocity and displacement time histories are also saved in this data file The Append command button can be used to add the current results at the end of the output file You can print the results by using the Print command button This button will display the Print Displacement Results form To plot the results click on the Plot command button You can select to plot the three graphs at the same time or each graph separately When using the Franklin amp Chang option plots of the relative values for acceleration velocity and displacement are also available The Reversal option allows you to plot the results obtained using the reversed acceleration time history D MOD2000 Page No 83 Newmark Displacement Ground Motion File D MOD2000 Newmark Displacement Ground Motion File E m Ok Choose Other View Motion Import Reset Help r Weighted motion description D MOD2000 Tutorial Weighted average accelerogram file C XD MOD 20005 ample Tutorial NMK File Name File Column No Time No Values No amp Path No Weight Values
196. ne of these options and then click the Target command button to display the respective form Further information for the first four options is provided in the respective sections of this manual The Other option will display the Response Spectra for Ground Motion form This form can be used to compute the response spectrum using the data saved in a ground motion file If you would like to manually enter the values for period and spectral acceleration select the User s option This option will display the User Defined Response Spectrum form In this form you can enter values of period and spectra for a user defined response spectrum A period range of interest can be shown on the graph of results Enter a lower and upper value in the Tmin and Tmax text boxes respectively A dashed line will be shown across the graph at each period value If you want to scale the spectra to a specific spectral value at a target period enter the period in the T match text box and click on the check box to select this option The program will compute the scaling factor necessary to scale each spectrum to that spectral value and display it in the Scaling Factor column If you want to use both horizontal components select the Geometric Mean option The program will compute the geometric mean spectrum and use this spectrum in the selection process Before using this option you need to define the corresponding pair for each motion Enter the number of the file that is the
197. new file to the database of ground motion files you first need to use the Conversion of Ground Motion File form to open the file and enter the information described previously To do this first click on the Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database option of the Analyses amp Utilities form to select it Then click on the Ok button to display the conversion form Next click on the Open command button to display the Open Source Ground Motion File dialog form Change to the folder and subdirectory where the file is located if necessary click on the file to highlight it and then use the Open button to select the file and return to the conversion form After a few seconds the first few lines of the file up to 99 lines will be shown on the top list box of the form Once the file is opened you need to enter as a minimum the information requested in the No Values Time Step No Header Lines Values per Line Format and Database Header Line text boxes of the conversion form as discussed in the Conversion of Ground Motion File section of this manual After entering this information click on the Dbase command button to display the Edit Add Ground Motion File Information form When you are adding information about a new file the Edit and Delete command buttons are not displayed Instead the Add command button is the only button displayed Click on this button to include the information on the database and then on the Ok command button to
198. nse calculation engine the platform integrates a suite of auxiliary programs options that either facilitate development of a site response model or enable processing of input output time histories The following options are presently in D MOD2000 e An option to use numerous attenuation relationships 1 e empirical models for calculation of Peak Horizontal Ground Acceleration PHGA and Peak Ground Velocity PGV in bedrock at the site Several of these attenuation relationships can also be used to calculate pseudo acceleration and pseudo velocity spectra for both rock and soil conditions e An option to generate design spectra based upon NEHRP IBC 2003 UBC 1997 EuroCode and AASHTO codes Acceleration response spectra of input motions and spectra calculated from time histories calculated by D MOD2000 can be plotted against code derived spectra and spectra generated by empirical attenuation relationships e An option for calculation of permanent seismic displacements by Newmark s permanent seismic displacement method e An option to evaluate PHGA for any latitude and longitude in the United States based upon the 1996 2006 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps e An option to compute the response spectra of any ground motion e An option to printing output results in a table for inclusion in reports storage or other uses As can be inferred from the list of options above special attention has been devoted to graphic capabilities of the package
199. o create different input files The information about each set will be saved in the EDT file To switch between sets click on the down arrow next to the description text box and select a different set A description for this set of input options is entered in the text box next to the Input Set Description label To create and or delete a set click on any of the options on the input list window and then click on the Clear command button On the message box if you click on Yes the current set will be deleted and a new set created If you click on No the current set will be kept and a new set created When a new set is created a default description string is entered in the description text box and the input list window is cleared With each set of input options the name and path to the input file the output directory the name of the two output files and the name of the plot files are also saved in the EDT file The Order Remove and Clear buttons are not enabled i e they are grayed out These buttons are enabled when an option from the input file s option list is selected Once you have selected the options you can reorganize them with the Order button remove any with the Remove button and delete all the options from this list box with the Clear button Then use the Save command button to store these options in the input file A file dialog form will be displayed requesting you to enter the name for the file Alternatively you can select to o
200. of the source file and are only shown to number the rows After the row numbers the alphanumeric characters that constitute the information saved in the file for each row are shown Note that the characters are displayed as blue on a white background and that every tenth character is displayed in red However if the tenth character is a blank space then the character is not shown This is done to guide the user when defining the order of the data in the file During the second step you need to define the way the data in the source file are to be read To this end there are seven options available in SHAKE2000 Other PEER USGS HEA file AHL file AVD file and RSPMATCH PEER AT2 and PEER ACC The first option is used to manually define the way the data are to be read The PEER and USGS options are used to automatically convert files downloaded from the respective web sites and the HEA file AHL file and AVD file options are used to convert specific files created by D MOD2000 The RSPMATCH option is used to convert files created by the RSPMATCH program To select one of these options click on the down arrow of the Source File Type list to display the list of options and select the option that applies to your file The PEER option is used to convert files downloaded from the PEER Strong Motion Database at http peer berkeley edu smcat search html The PEER AT2 option is used to convert files downloaded from the PEER Strong Motion Da
201. ok approximately 35 minutes At the end of processing a message window is displayed that shows a list of the layers that liquefied and the D MOD terminated normally message if execution of D MOD 2 terminated normally i e there were no errors during execution of the program If there are any errors then it is recommended to use a text processor e g WordPad to open the master output file and browse through the input data and results to obtain more information Processing of the master output file will create files that have the name entered in Name of Plot Files text box with the aux label added and an extension depending on the data saved in the file For example if we used the Example label for the name of the plot files and requested results for layer 3 the following files would be created Exampleaux acc Acceleration Exampleaux vel Velocity Exampleaux dpl Displacement Exampleaux max Exampleaux nst Exampleaux pwp Exampleaux stn Exampleaux sts ExampleA 1L3 var ExampleA 1L3 ahl ExampleA 1L3 hea Maximum values Normalized shear stress Pore Water Pressure ratio Shear Strain Shear Stress Time dependant variables for layer 3 Acceleration Time History at layer 3 Equivalent Acceleration Time History at layer 3 Each of the aux files above except the MAX file will save the time history for the respective variable It should be noted that the number of values and the time step for the time history will be
202. ommer and Acevedo 2004 Hancock et al 2005 Kottke and Rathje 2007 and PEER Ground Motion Selection and Modification Working Group 2009 To use the form the user needs to select a number of ground motion files a target spectrum and optionally enter a range of periods of interest There are three different command buttons that can be used to select ground motion files First you can select an object motion listed in the earthquake records database by clicking on the Quakes button to display the Earthquake Records Database form This form shows a listing of the records saved in the D MOD2000 EQ file Once the list is displayed you can choose a record by highlighting it and clicking on the Ok button or by double clicking on it The data for the record will be shown on their respective fields upon returning to this form To select files that are not included in the database of earthquake records click on the Other command button to display the Acceleration Time History File dialog form Switch to the appropriate folder select the ground motion file and click on the Open command button The file name and path will be displayed on the list shown below the File of Acceleration Time History label In order to read and use the data saved in the file you need to enter 1 The total number of acceleration values that form the object motion file in the No Values text box 2 The time interval between each acceleration value in the Time Step te
203. on files whose average closely match a target spectrum This library is formed by ground motion records downloaded from the PEER web site at http peer berkeley edu nga D MOD2000 Page No 74 These files should have the extension AT2 which is typically the extension automatically given to the files downloaded from the PEER website Further these files should have the same names as those entered in the Motion Identification column of the Mean Response Spectrum form For example in the form below the library of ground motion files is saved in c Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example Within this folder there may be other folders were files for specific seismic events are stored e g the files for ground motion histories recorded for the 11 24 87 Superstition Hills event B SUP045 AT2 and B SUP135 AT2 are located in the Superstition Hills subfolder Wil sigmaSpectra Ele Edit Help Target Response Spectrum Library of Motions Period s Spec Accel g Ln Stdev Select Path C Program Files SHAKE2000 SigmaSpectra Example j 0 01 0 338501 Number of motions in suite 8 0 02 0 345571 Seed combination size 4 0 03 0 373274 0 05 0 457061 0 075 0 573421 One component per recording station Suites to save 10 0 1 0 667904 0 15 0 766799 0 2 0 810631 Calculation Motions found 22 Number of trials 1082620 35 ENSE retrum gs ar V i mcupor EEVI APEE A ENEE ur emen EE e
204. on the Ok button to display the conversion form Next click on the Open command button to display the Open Source Ground Motion File dialog form Change to the folder and subdirectory where the file is located if necessary click on the file to highlight it and then use the Open button to open the file and return to the conversion form After a few seconds the first few lines of the file up to 99 lines will be shown on the top list box of the form Once the file is opened you need to enter as a minimum the information requested in the No Values Time Step No Header Lines Values per Line Format and Database Header Line text boxes as described in the previous section Note that in this case the information that you enter in the Format text box refers to the file that you want to add to the database If you do not enter a value for Values per Line this information will be obtained from the data entered in the format text box After entering this information click on the Dbase command button to display the Edit Add Ground Motion File Information form Refer to that section on this manual for further information Editing the Database of Ground Motion Files This form also allows you to access the form used to edit the information available in the database of ground motion files For more information about the database refer to the Database of Earthquake Records section of this manual To access the editor form click on the Dbase command butto
205. ons selected match the target spectrum Ground Motion Parameters Various parameters used to characterize a ground motion can be obtained by using the GMP command button These parameters include peak ground acceleration Arias Intensity Root Mean Square of the acceleration time history RMSA bracketed duration Trifunac amp Brady duration predominant period average period and mean period More information on these parameters is provided in the Ground Motion Parameters section of this manual The mean period is commonly obtained using the Fourier amplitude spectrum The method used in D MOD2000 to compute the FFT is that summarized in Press et al 1986 The FFT option only works for acceleration time histories i e if necessary the data will be converted to g s before obtaining the FFT To obtain the parameters first select one of the motions in the EDT file use the Quakes command button to select a file from the database of ground motion files or use the Other button to select other files and then click on the GMP button After a few seconds the Ground Motion Parameters form is displayed to show the parameters If the units for the motion file selected with the Other command button are either cm sec ft sec or m sec then the acceleration values will be converted to g s using the appropriate conversion factor before computing the Fourier spectrum The Fourier spectrum can also be computed for velocity or displacement time histories ho
206. option to print a form on the same sheet of paper as the graph To create the form click on the Report command button to display the Company amp Project Information form and then on the Form command button to display the Report Form Development form Physical page This option determines whether the logical page used by the printer control should correspond to the entire physical page or only to its printable area Most printers have a logical paper size that corresponds to the printer s printable area and a physical paper size that corresponds to the actual page size The physical paper size is always a little larger than the logical paper size If this option is selected an x is shown on the check box the program will print to the physical page This option only works when the Print report form option is selected D MOD2000 Page No 53 Graphics Window D MOD2000 Plot of Attenuation Relationship Y 4253113 Help Close Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 Rock shallow soil Strike Slip M 7 5 1 1 L 1 1 A 1 l 1 L L a Mn Sigma Mn Sigma 7 10 Distance km This form is used to plot a number of parameters e g attenuation relations time histories etc The graphics routine includes a number of property pages that can be used for customization of the graph For example you could add a 3 D look to the graph or change the colors The property pages are accessed through the icons shown o
207. or 4E15 8 10590270E 04 14618200E 04 16902610E 04 15065940E Gl e B Format 8F9 5 0 00000 0 00434 0 00860 0 00540 0 00565 0 00944 0 00369 0 00669 Format 8F10 6 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000001 If you use the E descriptor and do not provide a value for exponent width e D MOD2000 will use a default value of 2 Depending on the number of decimal figures used for the acceleration values in the converted file the velocity or displacement time histories obtained by double integration of the converted acceleration time history may not be correct e g they may increase or decrease without bounds Accordingly it is recommended to use as many decimal figures as possible when converting the file However due to the nature of the programming language used to create D MOD 2 the acceleration time history values are limited to a maximum of 8 decimal figures Next you need to select a factor to convert the acceleration values in the source file to units compatible with D MOD 2 i e fractions of acceleration of gravity g s or in ft sec if necessary or to other units if you wish to use the converted data as input for another software application This can be done by selecting a factor that represents the units of the acceleration data in the source file from the list of options shown on the Source Units list box and by selecting the units of
208. or future use These data can be retrieved using the Open command button D MOD2000 Page No 125 UBC 1997 Response Spectra D MOD2000 UBC 1997 Response Spectra Ok UBC Zone Soil Profile Type C Zone 1 Sa Hard Rock Zone 24 Sb Rock C Zone 2B X Sc Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock C Zone3 Sd Stiff Soil Profile Distance km C Zone 4 Se Soft Soil Profile 0 r This form is used to select design spectra using the 1997 Uniform Building Code UBC method ICBO 1997 To select a spectrum first select a zone from the UBC Zone options to determine the zone factor Z Next select the spectra you would like to plot by clicking on the check boxes next to the different Soil Profile Type options Note that the Ok button is enabled when at least one site type is checked Then click on the Ok button to return to the Response Spectrum Plot Menu form When you select the UBC Zone 4 option the spectra will be computed using the seismic source selected in the Seismic Source options and the distance entered in the Distance km text box D MOD2000 Page No 126 U S Geological Survey Seismic Hazard D MOD2000 USGS Seismic Hazard Dk Blot View Map Enter your site s location in degrees minutes and seconds Longitude 122 degrees 10 minutes 0 seconds Latitude 48 degrees 3 minutes 0 seconds PGA 0 47426 gs 1 10153 gs 1 0 37214 gs Region Probability Year of Data Conterminous United States
209. or interface events click on the Interface option The M Sigma option is used to plot the median attenuation curve and the curves that represent the median plus and the median minus sigma When this option is selected only one of the attenuation relations will be used i e the top attenuation relation selected will be the one used The Plot Spectra vs Frequency Hz option is used to change the X axis to the frequency scale When this option is selected an x appears in the check box To deselect this option click on the check box this will switch to the period scale in the X axis A value for the shear wave velocity V to a depth of 30 meters can be entered in the Shear Wave Velocity to 30 m label in m sec When using the Vertical component option the attenuation relations and or coefficients for the vertical component of PGA PGV and PSA will be used The Site Class options are used with the Atkinson amp Boore 2003 and Zhao et al 2006 attenuation relations By default the attenuation relation for Site Class A is selected A different site class can be chosen by clicking on the respective option The site classes represent the NEHRP classes see Table 2 of Zhao et al 2006 for equivalent site class definitions Further for the Atkinson amp Boore 2003 D MOD2000 Page No 57 relation classes and B represent rock In addition the user can select a region for the Atkinson amp Boore relation by selecting the Casc
210. or publications to the Journal of Earthquake Engineering Holtzer T L Youd T L and Hanks T C 1989 Dynamics of liquefaction during the 1987 Superstition Hills California earthquake Science Vol 244 56 59 Houston S L Houston W N and Padilla J M 1987 Microcomputer Aided Evaluation of Earthquake Induced Permanent Slope Displacements Microcomputers in Civil Engineering pp 207 222 Hu Y Liu S and Dong W 1996 Earthquake Engineering E amp FN Spon Oxford Great Britain 410 pp Hudson M B 2004 Behavior of Slopes and Earth Dams during Earthquakes Doctoral Dissertation University of California Davis California ICBO 1997 Uniform Building Code Volume 2 Structural Engineering Design Provisions International Conference of Building Officials Whittier California Idriss I M 1991a Earthquake Ground Motions at Soft Soil Sites Proceedings Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics March 11 15 1991 St Louis Missouri pp 2265 2272 Idriss I M 1991b Procedures for Selecting Earthquake Ground Motions at Rock Sites Report prepared for the Structures Division Building and Fire Research Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Geotechnical Modeling Department of Civil amp Environmental Engineering University of California Davis Idriss I M 2007 Empirical Model for Estimating the Ave
211. ormalized PWP C Response Spectrum Spacing 0 002 sec v Surface Acceleration Base Input Acceleration w 4 2 a o on E o z C Degradation Index Clay Ia i Plot Input Motion Fixed Axis Record Movie Rate 1 Speed 01 Microsoft Video 1 Y po icf gt ou Shear Strain Norm Shear Shear Strain AVI Movie File C D MOD2000 Movie d mod avi This form is used to display the time history for acceleration velocity displacement shear strain shear stress PWP ratio normalized shear stress and the time dependant variables for a layer of the soil profile When plotting time histories for each layer a different variable can be plotted by selecting one of the Time History Options If a different option is selected for the same layer then the graph will be refreshed automatically However if a different layer is selected by clicking on either the lt or gt command buttons or by typing in the layer number in the text box then you may need to click on the Plot command button to refresh the graph When plotting the stress strain loops the Plot Input Motion and Fixed Axis options will be enabled The Time Step option is used to plot the stress strain loops as a time series plot i e the graph will be draw one point at a time The base input acceleration time history can also be plotted by selecting the Plot Input Motion option When using these options with large amounts of d
212. ormat for Type Lines Line Columns Column Dutput Other v 19398 0 005 i 1o fe F15 8 Source Dutput Multiplier Other Database Lines from Source File header tobe Units Units Units Header Line included in header of Converted File E cm sec 2 w fa s 001018 1 1 7 Free Format Converted Ground Motion File CAD MOD2000XS ampleX328n1 5IV W a eq 1 Source File C D MOD2000 Sample 328n15IV_W0a txt 2 SHAKE2000 Conversion 19398 005 11 6 15 6F15 8 S Acceleration Units g s No Values 19398 Time Step 005 secs E 4 Data Format 6F15 8 No Header Lines 11 5 WILDLIFE LIQUEFACTION ARRAY 7 5 M DOWNHOLE 6 360 DEGREES APPROX 7 EARTHQUAKE OF NOVEMBER 24 1987 1315 GMT l RUSLERNORTR AT 25 HZ ORDER 4 lt This form is used to convert ground motion files to a format compatible with D MOD 2 or to a format and units compatible with other software applications The ground motion file used as input in D MOD 2 is usually formed by a series of acceleration values in g s saved in a formatted way that is compatible with the Format statement used in the FORTRAN programming language Today the user can obtain ground motion records from a wide number of sources However these files are not uniform in their formatting or processing For example ground motion files can be downloaded through the Internet that are saved in units other than g s such as cm sec Other records may include values
213. our browser to save the file to your hard drive The file should be saved as a text file thus the Text File txt option should be shown on the Save as type box of the file dialog form On the USGS Seismic Hazard form of D MOD2000 click on the command button next to the Hazard Matrix text box to display the USGS Hazard Matrix file dialog form Switch to the folder where the file is saved click on the file to select it and then click on the Open command button to retrieve the data After opening the file some information about the site and the return period is shown on the respective text boxes Data for several SA frequencies are included in this file A list of the available SA frequencies in the file is shown by clicking on the down arrow of the SA Frequency combo list or PGA list when using the 2008 deaggregation results When using the 2008 deaggregation results the list will show the list of ground motion prediction equations listed in the hazard matrix file The options on the Epsilon Interval list are used to create plots for the different hazard columns at each distance magnitude R M bin location Once you have selected a frequency and epsilon interval click on the Plot command button to display the seismic hazard deaggregation graph For example when using the Highest Eps option the plot of the results from the 2008 deaggregation of PGA for all of the ground motion prediction equations is shown below PSH Deaggregation Lacey
214. ove example you would enter a 4 Next place the cursor on the text box below the Acceleration Column In this text box you enter the number of the column that forms the acceleration value In the above example this is the second column thus you would enter a 2 To continue with the conversion of the file enter the rest of the information as described previously In the third step you will define how the data will be written to the converted file First define the format i e the way the data are written to the file of the acceleration values This is based on the syntax used in the Format statement of the FORTRAN computer language In this statement edit descriptors specify how the values are read In this feature of D MOD2000 the only two edit descriptors supported by D MOD2000 are Fw d Real values Ew d Ee Real values with exponents In these descriptors the field is w characters wide with a fractional part d decimal digits wide and an optional exponent width of e Remember that the field w also includes any blank spaces You can also indicate that a given data format is repeated a number of times For example 8F9 6 repeats a nine character real value with six decimal digits descriptor eight times The first character on the format field should be a and the last character a e g 8F9 6 Examples of data saved in the ground motion files included with D MOD2000 and the format used to define them follow Format 4E15 8E2
215. pair for each file in the Pair column For AT2 file the program will automatically try to identify each corresponding pair For example in the screen shot in the previous page the first file is file number one For this file the corresponding pair is file number two In the Pair text box for the firs file a 2 is shown indicating that file number 2 is the corresponding pair D MOD2000 Page No 73 Once you have selected a suite of ground motion files and a target spectrum click on the Scale command button to compute the average response spectrum In D MOD2000 the analysis consists of obtaining the 596 damping pseudo acceleration response spectrum for each ground motions selected and then obtaining an average value of spectral acceleration for each period To aid in comparing the spectra the fit is evaluated through the root mean square error RMSE as recommended by Kottke and Rathje 2007 n RMSE E Slin Sa e agi 7 D SA ag e p i 1 Where RMSE root mean square error Dp number of periods in range of interest Sascaledave i average scaled pseudo spectral acceleration for records considered at period Ti for periods within the period range of interest Surgeti target pseudo spectral acceleration at the same period T for periods within the period range of interest The RMSE for the computed average spectrum is shown next to the RMSE label Further the fit is computed only for the range of periods of interest Fo
216. points starting with 0 01 seconds while a spacing of 0 001 seconds will create a spectrum with 10 000 points starting at 0 001 seconds Please note that using a smaller value for spacing will lengthen the time needed for computation and for plotting of the spectrum Once you have selected a ground motion file you need to enter the values of damping ratio used for the computation of the response spectra To add a new ratio place the cursor on the first blank cell next to the Damping Ratios in decimal label and enter the value in decimal e g 5 damping is entered as 0 05 The number of damping ratios will be increased automatically every time you enter a new damping value To delete a ratio place the cursor on the corresponding cell and use the Delete key Then press the Tab key to move the cursor to a different cell The number of damping ratios will be decreased and the ratios will move to occupy the empty cells After you have entered at least one value of damping ratio the Spectra command button will be enabled Click on this button to compute the response spectra for the ground motion The results will be automatically saved in the file shown on the text box next to the File for Response Spectra Data label To select a different file to save the data in click on the Save command button and select or enter the name for a new file The results can be plotted by clicking on the Plot command button By default the Relative Displacement sp
217. pplication After you have entered the above information you need to enter the name and path of the converted file A default file name and path are shown on the box next to the Converted Ground Motion File label If you would like to select a different file first click on the Save command button to display the Save Converted Ground Motion File dialog form Enter the name of the file on the text box next to the File name label or use the mouse to select a file by highlighting it Then click on the Save command button to return to the conversion form Now click on the Convert command button to convert the source file to the units and format you selected After a few seconds the first few lines up to 99 of the converted file will be shown on the bottom list box After you have converted the file you can plot the resulting motion using the Plot command button You can also add information about this motion in the database of ground motions using the Dbase command button Refer to the Edit Add Ground Motion File Information section of this manual for further information The Spectra command button is used to display the Response Spectra for Ground Motion form This form can be used to compute the response spectra for the converted ground motion Adding Information about a Ground Motion File to the Database To do this first click on the Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database option of the Main Menu form to select it Then click
218. print a copy of the graph or to copy the graph to the Windows Clipboard for use by other applications click on the Print command button to display the Graphics Print Menu form D MOD2000 Page No 109 Print Menu D MOD2000 Print Menu Copy Printer Options Report kl lt EN af Help Close Letter 81 2 x11 in Portrait Zoom 50 hd Print Page C Print Document Print report form X Physical Page Set margins Left Right tin fin 4 Top Bottom Tin zl 1 in This form is used to print tabular results or input data An explanation of the different options in this form is given in the following The Zoom list can be used to select a magnification factor for the print viewing window To open the zoom selection list click on the arrow and then click on one of the magnification factors D MOD2000 uses the standard printer dialog form from Windows to select a printer and or to change the properties of the printer and paper used to print the graph e g paper size orientation etc This form can be displayed by clicking on the Printer command button The Options button will display a form that can be used to change the title and subtitle for the analysis and the font attributes such as bold face italic etc and to optionally add a header and or footer to the page To print the table click on the Print button A message window is displayed indicating the default printer and
219. r calculation of the response spectrum 300 periods equally spaced in a log space between 0 01 seconds and 10 seconds are used To plot the results click on the Plot command button To delete a ground motion file from the list of motions click on the name path for the file to highlight it and then on the Remove command button The input and output data can be saved to a text file using the Save command button The data can be retrieved from the file using the Open command button This file is an ASCII text file thus it can be open with other software applications for other purposes by the user An alternative way of finding the scaling coefficients is by using a computer program developed by Kottke and Rathje Kottke and Rathje 2007 This program sigmaSpectra selects and scales motions from a suite of a user provided library of motions so that their average fits a target response spectrum After the user has executed sigmaSpectra the results can be imported into D MOD2000 and used to compute the mean and median spectra as explained previously The installation file for sigmaSpectra is saved in the sigmaSpectra folder when D MOD2000 is installed Please run this installation file to install sigmaSpectra The following is a quick tutorial on how to use sigmaSpectra and how to use the results with D MOD2000 First you need to create a library of ground motion files that will be used by sigmaSpectra to create different suites of ground moti
220. r manipulation of the individual output files the majority of the users prefer D MOD2000 graphing options The best way to learn these options and the program is to follow the step by step tutorial saved in the Manual folder If you require additional help with running the program you may e mail to support 9 geomotions com It is recommended to attach the EDT and input ground motion files to any e mails when requesting technical support This will help us to identify the cause of any problems and or to better understand the questions Free updates of the program can be downloaded from our web site at http www geomotions com The student version of the program is limited to 20 layers and 10 materials Other limitations include the Newmark Analysis and Ratio of Response Spectrum features are disabled Also graphs or tables can be printed but not copied to the Clipboard Further the effective stress analysis with pore water pressure dissipation and redistribution option is disabled When printing results a Student Version string of characters is also printed The main purpose of the student version is to help the student learn about seismic site response analysis D MOD2000 Page No 6 D MOD2000 Package Forms D MOD2000 Page No 7 D MOD2000 Page No 8 AASHTOS s Response Spectra D MOD2000 AASHTO s Spectra c Ok Reset Help Cancel Enter the value of the Acceleration Soil Profile Coefficient A 03 T
221. rage Horizontal Values of Pseudo Absolute Spectral Accelerations Generated by Crustal Earthquakes Volume 1 Sites with V 55 450 to 900 m s http peer berkeley edu products rep nga models html Idriss I M 2008 An NGA empirical model for estimating the horizontal spectral values generated by shallow crustal earthquakes Earthquake Spectra 24 217 242 International Code Council Inc 2000 International Building Code Building Officials and Code Administrators International Inc Country Club Hills IL International Conference of Building Officials Whittier CA and Southern Building Code Congress International Inc Birmingham AL Ishibashi I and Zhang X J 1993 Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping ratios of sand anc clay Soils and Foundations Vol 33 No 1 pp 182 191 Ishihara K Anazawa Y and Kuwano J 1987 Pore Water Pressure and Ground Motions Monitored During the 1985 Chiba Ibaragi Earthquake Soils and Foundations JSSMFE Vol 27 No 3 pp 13 30 D MOD2000 Page No 140 Jibson R W 1993 Predicting Earthquake Induced Landslide Displacements Using Newmark s Sliding Block Analysis Transportation Research Record No 1411 pp 9 17 Joyner W B Boore D M and Fumal T E 1997 Equations for Estimating Horizontal Response Spectra and Peak Acceleration from Western North American Earthquakes A Summary of Recent Work Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 January February 1997 Kaklamano
222. rameters applicability We recommend reading the Matasovic and Vucetic 1995 paper before using this model D MOD2000 Page No 97 Plot Maximum Values D MOD2000 Plot Results Print Property Help Close Maximum Values Options Wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial G C Shear Strain C Normalized Shear Stress C PwP Ratio X Show Layers X Highlight Liquefied Layers Acceleration Depth 256938 25 op 0 05 0 10 0 15 0 20 Acceleration g s This form is used to display the maximum values of the dependent variables vs depth To change the variable displayed i e acceleration shear strain normalized shear stress or PWP ratio click on one of the Maximum Values Options options The graph will be updated automatically The layers that form the soil column can be displayed by selecting the Show Layers option Further the layers that liquefied can be highlighted as red lines when selecting the Highlight Liquefied Layers option To display the X and Y coordinates of a specific point on the graph click on any point along the graph to display its coordinates in the text cells shown on the right side of the form The graphics routine includes a number of property pages that can be used for customization of the graph For example you could add a 3 D look to the graph or change the colors The property pages are accessed through the Property command button More help on the graph control property pages can be
223. raph is updated every time step however with a value of 5 for frame rate every fifth time step a frame will be added to the movie file The value in the Speed text box can be interpreted as the time between frames The greater this number the slower the movie will play i e the longer the time a frame will be shown on the screen before a new frame is displayed It should be noted that movie files can be very large hundreds of megabytes or a few gigabytes So before creating a movie file check that there is enough space on the hard drive or drive where the movie file is to be stored Also the creation of the movie can take a considerable amount of time e g a couple of hours for a movie with a couple of thousand frames To determine the best settings for the movie i e how often a frame is created from the graph and the time between frames you will need to try different combinations The list of options below the Rate and Speed text boxes is a list of video compressor options available in your computer The selection of the option that works best for you is a trial and error approach We recommend the use of the Microsoft Video 1 option if available If the Fail to save AVI file error message is displayed when creating a movie try a different compressor option To display the X and Y coordinates of a specific point on the graph click on any point along the graph to display its coordinates in the text cells shown on the right side of t
224. ration Column text box to 5 For any other type of file it is recommended to use the Other option The third option used to convert files is Other With this option you can choose one of two alternatives 1 Free Format Data The data are separated by blank spaces and can be read sequentially one after another or by using a specific sequence or 2 Formatted Data The data can be obtained by reading a specific number of characters with or without blank spaces sequentially or by using a specific sequence Please note that if the data are separated by characters other than blank spaces such as or tabs then the data may not be read properly e Free Format Data If the data are separated by at least one or more blank spaces then select the Free Format option Next enter the number of acceleration values that are to be read from the file in the text box below the No Values label Then enter the time interval between acceleration values in the text box below the Time Step label This value is used when plotting the converted motion and when adding the information about the source or converted files to the database Usually the first few lines in the source file provide information about the motion such as earthquake magnitude station etc these lines are considered herein as the header lines Also this is the number of lines that need to be skipped before reaching the section of the file where the acceleration values are locate
225. rd T Perkins D Leyendecker E Dickman N Hanson S and Hopper M 1996 National Seismic Hazard Maps Documentation U S Geological Survey Open File Report 96 532 110 pp Frankel A D Petersen M D Mueller C S Haller K M Wheeler R L Leyendecker E V Wesson R L Harmsen S C Cramer C H Perkins D M and Rukstales K S 2002 Documentation for the 2002 Update of the National Seismic Hazard Maps U S Geological Survey Open File Report 02 420 Franklin A G and Chang F K 1977 Earthquake Resistance of Earth and Rock Fill Dams Permanent Displacements of Earth Embankments by Newmark Sliding Block Analysis Miscellaneous Paper S 71 17 Report 5 U S Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station CE Vicksburg Mississippi D MOD2000 Page No 139 Geomatrix Consultants 1995 Seismic Design Mapping State of Oregon Prepared for Oregon Department of Transportation January 1995 Project No 2442 Gregor N J Silva W J Wong LG and Youngs R J 2002 Ground Motion Attenuation Relationships for Cascadia Subduction Zone Megathrust Earthquakes Based on a Stochastic Finite Fault Model Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 92 No 5 pp 1923 1932 June 2002 Hancock J Watson Lamprey J Abrahamson N A Bommer J J Markatis A McCoy E and Mendis R 2005 An Improved Method of Matching Response Spectra of Recorded Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelets Paper submitted f
226. red in the text box next to the V label and the initial value for displacement entered in the text box next to the D label The units for these initial values should be as shown by the respective unit labels When the acceleration time history values are given as ratios of gravity i e g s the user has the option to plot and or save the input acceleration derived velocity and displacement and corrected time histories in a different set of units e g cm sec gals etc To do this select a set of units from the Units for Time Histories list of options Some options show two sets of units e g g s amp ft or gals amp cm and a few others only the units for acceleration e g ft sec For options that show two sets of units the acceleration values will be provided based on the first set and the velocity and displacement values will be based on the second set e g acceleration in g s and velocity and displacement in ft sec and ft respectively Please note that these options will not be used when the input acceleration values are in units other than gs D MOD2000 Page No 101 Today the user can obtain ground motion records from a variety of sources Many of these sources provide the acceleration velocity and displacement time histories in the same file Usually these are the processed histories Accordingly if the user wishes to obtain the best estimate of either the velocity or the displacement time history he she
227. ressure and degradation model i e s r A B C and D are available Upon returning to this form the generic values will be shown on the appropriate text boxes D MOD2000 Page No 29 To display the other materials scroll down the Material list and select a material A new material set can be created by clicking on the New command button The current material set can be deleted by clicking on the Delete command button After editing the data click on the Ok command button to return to the Main Menu form Please note that for some parameters a value of zero i e 0 is considered an input value Accordingly if you don t want to input any value for the parameter make sure that nothing is shown in the text box for the parameter For example entering a value of zero for the az parameter is not the same as leaving the text box blank Default material properties for some typical soils are presented in Appendices A and B More detailed information about the computation of the Rayleigh damping coefficients is presented in Appendix C Further the data provided in Appendices A amp B can also be imported by clicking on the icons next to the row of data of interest For example by clicking on the icon with a sail boat the Material Parameters and Curve Fitting Constants form is displayed In this case the form will display the data provided in Table B 3 i e pore water pressure dissipation model sand and clay typical values of k E and Ma
228. right or Y right columns the Add and Delete command buttons are enabled If you want to add data for a new line place the cursor on the line where the new line will be located and click on the Add button A new line will be created and the coordinates and thickness for the new line will be the same as those for the line immediately below Now you need to modify the information for the coordinates and thickness for the new line The Delete button is used to delete a line from the form Place the cursor on either the X left Y left X right or Y right columns and then click on the Delete button The data for the line will be removed from the form and the information for the other lines updated accordingly The Reset command button will delete the information for all of the lines After you have created the form click on the Ok command button to return to the Company amp Project Information form D MOD2000 Page No 113 Response Spectra for Ground Motion D MOD2000 Response Spectra for Ground Motion i J Directory View Save Spectra Plot Motion Help Close CHI CHI 09 20 99 TCUD O w CWB CHI CHI 03 20 33 TCUD 0 N CWB COALINGA 07 22 83 0239 SKUNK HOLLOW 360 USGS STATION 1605 COALINGA 07 22 83 0239 SKUNK HOLLOW 270 USGS STATION 1605 LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 ANDERSON DAM DOWNSTREAM 360 USGS STATION 1652 LOMA PRIETA 10 18 89 00 05 ANDERSON DAM DOWNSTREAM 270 USGS STATION 1652 PALM SPRINGS 07 08 86 0320 N P
229. roup 2009 Evaluation of Ground Motion and Modification Methods Predicting Median Interstory Drift Response of Buildings Curt B Haselton Editor PEER Report 2009 01 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering University of California Berkeley June 2009 Press W H Flannery B P Teukolsky S A and Vetterling W T 1986 Numerical Recipes The Art of Scientific Computing Cambridge University Press New York 818 pp Rathje E M Abrahamson N A and Bray J D 1998 Simplified frequency content estimates of earthquake ground motions Journal of Geotechnical amp Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE Vol 124 No 2 pp 150 159 Rathje E M Fadi Faraj F Russell S and Bray J D 2004 Empirical Relationships for Frequency Content Parameters of Earthquake Ground Motions Earthquake Spectra Volume 20 No 1 pages 119 144 February 2004 Sabetta F and Pugliese A 1987 Attenuation of peak horizontal acceleration and velocity from Italian strong motion records Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 77 No 5 pp 1491 1513 Sabetta F and Pugliese A 1996 Estimation of Response Spectra and Simulation of Nonstationary Earthquake Ground Motions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 86 No 2 pp 337 352 Sadigh K Chang C Y Egan J A Makdisi F and Youngs R R 1997 Attenuation Relationships for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Based on Californ
230. rs and users of SHAKE2000 The development of D MOD2000 is a work in progress We would appreciate receiving suggestions about new features that users would like included in the program information on modifications that are recommended to make the program easier to use and information on any bug in the source code that needs to be fixed D MOD2000 will be continuously updated upgraded based on input from users and developments in geotechnical earthquake engineering practice Computer program DRAIN 2D Kannan and Powell 1975 is a classical program for calculation of in elastic bi linear structural response in time domain The computer programs DESRA DESRA were written in 1977 78 by Michael K W Lee and W D Liam Finn at the University of British Columbia UBC Department of Civil Engineering gt The modified Dobry et al 1985 porewater pressure model was first implemented in DESRA 2 by Vucetic 1986 Version of DESRA 2 with implemented Dobry et al 1985 model is called DESRAMOD n the previous versions of the program material parameters were evaluated by fitting the initial loading stress strain curve while in the current version the parameters are evaluated by fitting modulus reduction and damping curves hence a need to introduce reference strain into the model D MOD2000 Page No 1 Architecture The D MOD2000 package is essentially an interactive graphical platform built around D MOD 2 Besides D MOD 2 site respo
231. rtin s PWP dissipation model curve fitting constants You can select the data for any of the materials in that form and import the data into the current material set for Option 4 Card 4 1 Stress Strain Model Control Card Gino Initial t 0 tangent shear modulus of soil Gmo decimal psf Vs Shear wave velocity decimal fps Either a value for Gmo or Vs should be provided the other value will be computed using the value for the saturated unit weight Ta Shear stress at reference strain Tmo MKZ model or the shear strength of soil t KZ model decimal psf Evaluate Tmo by curve fitting the initial loading stress strain curve or as Tmo Gino Y Where y is reference shear strain Generic values of y are provided in Tables A 1 and A 2 in Appendix A Kondner and Zelasko 1963 model which is sometimes referred as the hyperbolic model P Curve fitting parameter of the non linear hysteretic MKZ model decimal To use the KZ model set 2 1 0 Use spreadsheet D MOD 2 MKZ fit xls or the MKZ command button to develop 2 from modulus reduction and damping curves or pick generic values using the Sand or Clay command buttons or use generic values from Tables A 1 and A 2 S Curve fitting parameter of the non linear hysteretic MKZ model decimal To use the KZ model set s 1 0 Use spreadsheet D MOD_2 MKZ fit xls or the MKZ command button to develop s from modulus reduction and damping curves or
232. s No Header or Number of header lines Enter the number of lines at the beginning of the file that are used to describe the object motion In the above example the first nine lines are the header lines Thus you will enter a 9 in this data cell Values Line or Number of acceleration values per line Enter the number of acceleration values on each line For the above example there are 8 values on each line Thus you would enter an 8 in this cell for this specific example No Digits or Number of digits per acceleration value Enter the number of digits that form an acceleration value In the above example each value is defined by 10 digits including the spaces Therefore you would enter a 10 for this specific example Units This list provides you with a series of units that are used to plot the correct units on the graph or to select the acceleration units of your file when computing the ground motion parameters using the GMP command button This list is only enabled when a file is selected using the Other button For ground motion files selected with either the EDT or Quakes command buttons the program assumes that the acceleration values in the file are in units of g s In the above example the original units of the file were in cm sec however the values shown are in g s the original header lines were kept to maintain consistency with the source file Free Format Select this option if the values in the file are separated by
233. s Enter the number of lines at the beginning of the file that are used to describe the object motion In the above example the first two lines are the header lines Thus you will enter a 2 in this data cell D MOD2000 Page No 85 Values Line or Number of values per line Enter the number of acceleration values on each line For the above example there are 8 values on each line The last number e g 1 only identifies the row number Thus you would enter an 8 in this cell for this specific example No Digits or Number of digits per value Enter the number of digits that form an acceleration value In the above example each value is defined by 9 digits including the spaces Therefore you would enter a 9 for this specific example Units For the Newmark Displacement Analysis the values of acceleration are in g s If the values saved in the file are in other units e g ft sec cm sec or mm sec then select the appropriate units by clicking on the up or down arrows to scroll through the different options This way the data will be converted from these units to g s For example if the data in the file were in ft sec then you scroll down until ft sec sec is shown on the Units box The values will be divided by 32 2 to transform them to g s Free format With this option the data from the file are read free format i e no consideration is given to the number of digits in each column or to the number of columns in a row
234. s James Laurie G Baise and David M Boore 2010 Technical Note Estimating Unknown Input Parameters when Implementing the NGA Ground Motion Prediction Equations in Engineering Practice Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts University Medford MA Kalkan E and G lkan P 2004 Site Dependent Spectra Derived from Ground Motion Records in Turkey Earthquake Spectra Volume 20 No 4 pp 1111 1138 November 2004 Kannan A E and Powell G H 1975 Drain 2 D A General Purpose Computer Program for Dynamic Analysis of Inelastic Plane Structures with User s Guide Report No EERC 73 22 Revised August 1975 Earthquake Engineering Research Center University of California Berkeley California 37 p plus Appendices Kanno Tatsuo Akira Narita Nobuyuki Morikawa Hiroyuki Fujiwara and Yoshimitsu Fukushima 2006 A New Attenuation Relation for Strong Ground Motion in Japan Based on Recorded Data Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 96 No 3 pp 879 897 June 2006 Kavazanjian E Jr and Matasovic N 1995 Seismic Analysis of Solid Waste Landfills Geoenvironment 2000 ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No 46 Vol 2 pp 1066 1080 Kavazanjian E Matasovic N Hadj Hamou T and Sabatini P J 1997 Geotechnical Engineering Circular 3 Design Guidance Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering for Highways Volume I Design Principles Report No FHWA SA 97 077 U S Department of Tr
235. same as those for the pair immediately below Now you need to modify the information for the time displacement and yield acceleration The Remove button is used to D MOD2000 Page No 132 delete a pair from the table Place the cursor on either the Time Displacement or Yield Acc column and then click on the Remove button The data for the pair will be removed from the table and the information for the other pairs updated accordingly The Reset command button will delete all the information on the table D MOD2000 Page No 133 D MOD2000 Page No 134 References AASHTO 1994 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges Division IA Seismic Design 16th Edition American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Washington D C Abrahamson N A and Shedlock K M 1997 Overview Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 Abrahamson N A and Silva W 1996 Empirical Ground Motion Models Report to Brookhaven National Laboratory Abrahamson N A and Silva W 1997 Empirical Response Spectral Attenuation Relations for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1 January February 1997 Abrahamson N A and Silva W 2007 Abrahamson amp Silva NGA Ground Motion Relations for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of Peak and Spectral Ground Motion Parameters As posted on the PEER Website on August 2007 http peer berkele
236. seudo absolute acceleration or pseudo relative velocity spectra predicted using published attenuation relations This option can only be used with either the Acceleration or Velocity response spectra and 5 damping After clicking on the Attenuate button the Ground Motion Attenuation Relations form will be displayed EuroCode This button is used to select the options and or enter the data necessary to plot a design response spectrum in accordance with Part 1 of the Eurocode 8 European Committee for Standardization 2000 IBC Use this command button to plot a design response spectrum using the procedure set forth in the International Building Code This button will display the IBC Design Response Spectrum form that can be used to select the appropriate spectrum NEHRP This option allows you to plot up to two site specific response spectra in accordance with Section 3 3 of NEHRP Building Seismic Safety Council 2004a amp 2004b This option can only be used with either the Absolute Acceleration or Pseudo Absolute Acceleration response spectra and 546 damping Other This command button is used to open the Response Spectra for Ground Motion form In this form the response spectra for a recorded ground motion can be computed Target Click on this button to display the Target Response Spectrum form In this form you can enter values of period and spectra for a target response spectrum that will be plotted together with the other spectra
237. should use that provided with the original source file for the ground motion For the ground motions provided with D MOD2000 the web addresses of the sources from which most of the files were obtained are included in the Database of Earthquake Records section of this manual The processed velocity and displacement time histories may also be obtained from these same sources As a simplifying alternative an option is included in D MOD2000 that saves the computed velocity and displacement time histories from the original ground motion record and the baseline corrected acceleration velocity and displacement time histories for further use To create the file first select the All three and Baseline corrected options Next click on the Save to file check box A default file name and path are shown on the text box at the bottom of the form next to the AVD File label To select a different file click on the open folder icon Then click on the Plot command button to display the graph of the time histories Please note that is up to the user to decide on the suitability of these computed time histories for further use in other analyses The Scale command button is used to display the Mean Response Spectrum form This form can be used to obtain the mean median spectral acceleration response spectrum for a series of ground motion records The mean median value can then be compared to a target spectrum in order to visually evaluate how well the suite of ground moti
238. sing the thicknesses and unit weights for the soil layers To select a file click on the check box next to the first Click Choose to select a file label Then on the Choose command button to open the Open Acceleration Time History dialog box Select a file and then click on Ok to return to the form Some information will be displayed on the boxes next to the file name Click on Ok to return to the Newmark Displacement Analysis form e The second option is to create an average file from a series of files The method used to compute an average accelerogram in D MOD2000 is as recommended by Abramson et al 1996 In this method a weighted average approach is used to compute an average file from a series of n files based on the equation i n m a t Acc m4 avg i n Y il Where m mass of unit column directly above point i when using HEA files this value will be 1 0 a t acceleration response at point i D MOD2000 Page No 84 To create the average accelerogram first select up to fifty motion files To do this click on the check box next to the first click Choose to select a file label an x is shown on the box when a file is selected then on the Choose command button to display the Open Acceleration Time History dialog box Select a file then click on Ok to return to the form Some information will be displayed on the boxes next to the file name Use the scroll bar to display check boxes for additional files Af
239. st place the cursor on the text box for the Time Displacement column and type in the value Next press the Tab key once to move the cursor to the text box for the Yield Acc column and type in the value for Ky It is recommended that the first value entered should be that for a time displacement of zero Additionally the last value for time should be greater than or equal to the length of the acceleration time history used or that the last value of displacement should be greater than the greatest value expected The values of yield acceleration between two points of the function are obtained by linear interpolation For a constant value of yield acceleration the two values for the function between two time displacement points should be equal A description of the function will be shown on the text box below the Description label This description can be modified entered manually by placing the cursor in the text box and typing in the desired information After you have entered the information for each time displacement K pair click on the Ok command button to return to the Newmark Displacement Analysis form Each time you place the cursor on either the Time Displacement or Yield Acc columns the Add and Remove command buttons are enabled If you want to add data for a new pair place the cursor on the row where the new values will be located and click on the Add button A new pair will be created and the values for the new pair will be the
240. stablish o and fp can be found in Hudson et al 1994 D MOD2000 Page No 31 Card 4 4 Pore Water Pressure PWP Generation Model for Sand This model is referred to as Model 1 in the master output file f Jv OCR Factor introduced by Vucetic and Dobry 1988 to simulate quasi two directional pore water pressure response of Dobry s PWP model decimal 1 0 One directional pore water pressure response 2 0 Quasi two directional pore water pressure response Curve fitting constant of Dobry s PWP model decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 1 Curve fitting constant of Dobry s PWP model decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 1 Curve fitting constant of Dobry s PWP model decimal Generic values are provided in Table B 1 Volumetric threshold shear strain 5 decimal 70 Generic values are provided in Table B 1 for Sands and in Table B 2 for clays Note that 7 is a material parameter of both Dobry s and Matasovic Vucetic s models Accordingly it should also be included as part of the material properties for a clayey soil Overconsolidation ratio of soil OCR decimal Note that this is a descriptive label not a material parameter and therefore can be omitted Card 4 5 Generalized Degradation Pore Water Pressure PWP Generation Model for Clay This model is referred to as Model 2 in the master output file St Degradation parameter fittin
241. t file since 500 x 0 01 2 5 Note that a total sum of the intervals can be larger than the duration of the earthquake record 14 Also note that the values of acceleration used in the computation of the spectrum will depend on the number of values saved to the output file defined with the NCPR and NCPRM variables Thus when computing the spectrum a value of 1 should be used for NCPR and NCPRM This will lengthen the time necessary to process the output file but it will provide acceleration values for each time step NPLD Auxiliary output file s control number 0 No auxiliary output file s containing time histories will be created by the program 1 Time dependant variables for layer i will be stored in eleven single column files each variable in its own file All eleven files have descriptive names and extension prn More detailed description of file contents and units is provided in the master output file 2 Time dependant variables for layer i will be stored in two files with extension dat More detailed description of file contents and units is provided in the master output file 66599 15 Layer i is specified from console 16 Note in program versions prior to B9_03 surface acceleration is printed in the imperial units D MOD2000 Page No 34 At Time step for numerical integration At min 0 0001 max 0 1 decimal sec Note that At typically coincides with the t
242. t of PGA PGV and 5 damped PSA at spectral periods between 0 01 s and 10 0 s Earthquake Spectra 24 99 138 Boulanger R W Arulnathan R Harder L F Torres R A and Driller M W 1998 Dynamic Propertiesof Sherman Island Peat Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE Vol 124 No 1 pp 12 20 Bray J D Augello A J Leonards G A Repetto P C and Byrne R J 1995 Seismic Stability Procedures for Solid Waste Landfills Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol 121 No 2 February 1995 Pp 139 151 Building Seismic Safety Council 2004a NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for new Buildings and Other Structures Part I Provisions FEMA 450 Prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency National Institute of Building Sciences Washington D C 2004 Building Seismic Safety Council 2004b NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for new Buildings and Other Structures Part 2 Commentary FEMA 450 Prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency National Institute of Building Sciences Washington D C 2004 Campbell K W 1997 Empirical Near Source Attenuation Relationships for Horizontal and Vertical Components of Peak Ground Acceleration Peak Ground Velocity and Pseudo Absolute Acceleration Response Spectra Seismological Research Letters Volume 68 Number 1
243. t the results Use the Graph button to display the response spectrum menu and then the Other command button to obtain the response spectrum using the acceleration time history file obtained from the SHAKE analysis The value shown as MSE is the mean square root difference between the spectra and it is only intended to provide the user a guidance to help determine how close the spectra are e g the closer the number to zero the closer the match is 5 Adjust n and amp and repeat from step 3 until a satisfactory match between the SHAKE and D MOD spectra and shear strain vs depth is obtained After running D MOD use the Process command button to process the output data You will be asked to open the VAR file to compute the response spectrum for the layer and also to open the calibration file created by SHAKE2000 If there is no calibration file click on Cancel You can open the calibration file later by using the Open command button when the Calibrate with Frequence Domain Analysis option is selected An step by step example of how to perform the calibration procedure is provided in the Quick Tutorial document saved in the Manual folder Section 5 of Stewart et al 2008 provides more information on the calibration procedure between the equivalent linear and nonlinear analyses Play AVI Movie This option is used to play up to 2 movies created with D MOD2000 Select this option and then click on the Play command button to display the Video Pla
244. t this moment they should not be used for any other purpose other than to compare the 2003 maps to the most recent maps The issue year for the map used is shown next to the g s unit s label For the 2010 and WUS options a Vg 39 value can be selected from the down list However it is recommended to visit the USGS web site for the most recent information and values regarding the hazard maps To obtain the PGA enter the latitude and longitude of your site in degrees minutes and seconds and then select one of the Region options and any of the Probability of Exceedance options There is no need to enter a negative sign for the longitude The values of PGA S and S for each of the four points that surround your site are retrieved from the files and if necessary the values interpolated between the four grid points The values are displayed in the corresponding text boxes The USGS interactive deaggregation website is located at D MOD2000 Page No 127 http earthquake usgs gov research hazmaps interactive On this web site the seismic hazard deaggregation for a site in the Conterminous United States can be conducted The results of this analysis are provided graphically and also as an ASCII file The data on this text file are used by D MOD2000 to obtain a plot of the deaggregated distance magnitude and ground motion uncertainty for the specified parameters Once the file is displayed use the Save As command of the File menu option in y
245. ta that is similar to each project e g material properties A backup copy of the EDT file will be automatically created in the Backup D MOD folder This backup copy can be used to restore your original file and it can also be used to restore some of the other working files as explained in the following sections Or fourth you could import the data from an input file for SHAKE2000 To do this select the Import Data from SHAKE2000 Input File option then click on Ok Using the file dialog window select the SHAKE2000 input file and click on Open The program will read the input file and create the different options for D MOD2000 A few comments about this procedure are recommended here e The program will use the value of maximum frequency i e fmax entered in the text box next to the Import SHAKE2000 Input Use Fmax option The default value of 25 Hz is recommended for most analysis e Using fmax the program will determine the maximum thickness for each layer of the D MOD soil column based on hj lt Vs 4 fmax The Vs value is obtained from SHAKE s Option 2 for each soil layer If the thickness for each layer in SHAKE s Option 2 is greater than its respective ha then the layer will be subdivided in layers until the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to hmax It is likely then that the D MOD column may have more layers than the SHAKE column e A layer for the half space in SHAKE s Option 2 will not be created in D MOD s Op
246. tabases at http peer berkeley edu nga search html http peer2 berkeley edu peer_ground_motion_database site The PEER ACC option is used to convert files downloaded from the PEER Ground Motion Database at http peer2 berkeley edu peer_ground_motion_database site The USGS option is used to convert files created with the Interactive Deaggregation feature of the United States Geological Survey USGS web site at http eqint cr usgs gov eq men html deaggint2002 06 html The files downloaded from either web site PEER or USGS should be saved as Text files This is done by first selecting the Save As option of the File menu in your web browser And second by selecting the Text File txt option of the Save as type option list When using the PEER or USGS option some basic information needed to read the source file is displayed on some of the text boxes For PEER files it is assumed that the first 4 lines in the file are the header and that the acceleration values in the file are in g s Further the program will assume that the fourth line of the header section includes the number of acceleration values and the time interval between acceleration values Hence the program will use the value next to the NPTS string for the number of acceleration values and the value next to the DT string for the time interval For example in the section of the ground motion file shown below it is assumed that there are 11800 acceleration values a
247. tep and number of header lines place the cursor on the text box below the Values per Line label and enter the number of values that are included in each line of data for the above examples 4 or 8 or 8 respectively Next place the cursor on the text box below the No Digits label and enter the number of characters that form each value for the above examples 15 or 9 or 9 respectively Then enter the rest of the information as described previously For the second alternative you need to provide the number of data columns on each row the number of the acceleration column and the number of characters that form each column For example m0444r01 8 0 25 6 147 6 75 9 0 65 sec cm sec 2 cm sec cm 0 00 0 1934E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000 E 00 0 01 0 1938E 00 0 1900E 02 0 00001 00 E pH In the above section of a ground motion file there are 4 columns of data per row one each for time acceleration velocity and displacement the second column is the acceleration value and each value is 12 characters long including blank spaces and exponent Thus after entering data for number of values time step and number of header lines place the cursor on the text box below the No Digits label and enter the number of characters that form each value e g 12 Then place the cursor on the text box below the Number of Columns label and enter the total number of columns of data on each D MOD2000 Page No 19 row For the ab
248. ter Output File C D MOD2000 SAMPLE wildSHB out Page No Page Footer Pace No Column Title Column Heading Cell Numbers Column Data Font Alignment Show on Page x Bold Left Wi T Italic C Center Page Border Underline C Right This form is used to change the title and subtitles of the analysis and their font attributes You can also add a footer and a header to the printout By default when the form is displayed the cursor is set to the Title cell You can use the Tab key or the mouse to place the cursor on the other cells To change the properties of a cell place the cursor on the cell and then click on the different options on the bottom section of the form For example to display the title in bold face and aligned with the left margin place the cursor on the Title cell and click on the Bold check box then on the Left option button The text on the cell will be displayed in bold face When the cursor is moved between cells the current options for each cell are shown with an x on the check box for the font attributes and by a dot on the option button for the alignment options The Page Header and Page Footer options use the same font attributes and will display the last options set However they do not use the same alignment option D MOD2000 Page No 96 Plasticity Chart of Cyclically Degradable Clays D MOD2000 Plasticity Chart for Cyclically Degradable Clays Print Property Help Can
249. ter selecting the files you need to choose a name for the average file By default D MOD2000 will give this file the name output nmk and will save it in the directory selected for the output files in the main menu form The name and path will be shown on the text box next to the Weighted average accelerogram file label If you would like to use a different name and or path click on the Save command button to display the Save Accelerogram File form Then select a file or enter a new name in the File name text box This file is given the extension NMK by default Click on Ok to return to the file selection form After you have selected the files and have chosen a name click on the Motion command button to create the file Only the files for which an x is shown on the check box will be used in the calculation of the average file Finally click on the Ok command button to return to the Newmark Displacement Analysis form Import an acceleration file created by another application e g ProShake Quake W In short first you will select an output file created by another application e g ProShake then read that output file to determine if there are any acceleration time histories and how many there are D MOD2000 will only read the first 6 acceleration time histories found in the file and finally create a series of output files i e one per acceleration time history in the format used by D MOD2000 to perform the displacement analysis with the N
250. the respective arrow buttons Please note that the table of results has a specific size and changing the default margin settings may prevent the table from being printed in its entirety To return to the previous form click on the Close button D MOD2000 Page No 111 Report Form Development D MOD2000 Report Form Development j Open Save Print Reset Help Close Description D M002000 Standard Portrait Form X left Y left Xright Yright Box Thickness lin lin fin fin 5 5 5 E 105 5 fos ins 105 27 23 101 10 3 LE o i UE UE E E Y EE EE EE EE EE El EE EL EL E This screen is used to create a form that can be printed together with your graphs The process of creating a form consists of entering the coordinates of the end points and the thickness for each line on the form You can then use the Company amp Project Information form to enter textual information that is printed as part of the form The origin of coordinates i e x 0 amp y 0 is the top left corner of the paper sheet and the dimensions are those set for the paper e g for the standard letter size of 8 5 by 11 the dimensions are in inches Also remember that the Physical page option of the Graphics Print Menu form may affect the way your form fits on the paper This option determines whether the logical page used by the printer control should correspond to the entire phys
251. the 2002 synthetic seismogram option The Match Sa option can be used to scale the synthetic motions to the probabilistic value The USGS file includes the following information that is used by D MOD2000 to scale the motions Fractional oscillator damping 0 050 period 1 000 Agrams not scaled to PSHA SA level Avg SA cm s s 102 44 Avg factor needed to match target probabilistic SA 3 5127 PSHA MODAL r km amag PSHA sa or pga cm s2 0 138E 03 0 900E 01 0 360H 03 On the first line above the damping value and period for the S are shown If this line is not found on the file then it is assumed that the seismogram is for PGA The second line indicates that the motion was not scaled and that an average value of S of 102 44 cm sec was obtained for the 1 second period from the synthetic motions generated without scaling The third line notes that the ground motion values will need to be scaled by an average value of 3 5127 to obtain a motion with the corresponding probabilistic value of S On the fourth line the last value corresponds to the probabilistic value of S or PGA S in the above example that was obtained for your site Hence if the synthetic motions were scaled by a factor of 3 5127 their probabilistic value of S at 1 second would be 360 cm sec To match the spectra value D MOD2000 Page No 17 D MOD2000 will use the probabilistic S or PGA value from the fourth line i e 360 for the above example comp
252. the Ok command button This will display the Conversion of Ground Motion File form In this second form click on the Dbase command button to display the editing form Once this form is displayed you can edit the information by entering the new values in their respective text boxes In the text box below the Description of Ground Motion File used in Database enter a string up to 128 characters long that describes the motion and that is displayed in the list box For example the first ground motion in the database shown above is identified as Alaska 7 3072 Sitka Record M 7 5 Dis 48 km Amax 0 091g Rock outcrop The name of the file and a path are entered in the text box below the Ground Motion File text box The information in this text box can be added to the information shown on the Path to Earthquake Files text box to define the path to the file For example when executing D MOD2000 the path to the first ground motion will be specified as c D MOD2000 quakes alaska eq when the path option is selected You can also enter the name and a path if you saved the files in different subdirectories For example you can enter quakes alaska eq if the file is saved in the quakes subdirectory and then on the path option you would select the c D MOD2000 folder as the path where the file is located Use the Directory command button to choose the path to the directory where the earthquake motion files are stored After D MOD2000 Page No 44 click
253. the converted file from the list of options shown on the Output Units list After selecting the units a multiplication factor will be displayed on the Multiplier box This is the multiplication factor that will be used to convert the values from the units shown on the Source Units list box to the units shown on the Output Units list box For example to convert values of acceleration from cm sec to g s you need to divide each value by 980 665 cm sec which is equivalent to multiplying each value by 1 980 665 0 00102 In the program this is D MOD2000 Page No 20 done by selecting the em sec 2 option of the Source Units list and the g s option of the Output Units list respectively If the accelerations in the source file are in units that are not shown in the list select the Other option of the Source Units list and then enter a multiplication factor in the Multiplier text box This multiplication factor should be appropriate to convert the source acceleration data to the units shown on the Output Units list For example WESTERN WASHINGTON EARTHQUAKE APR 13 1949 1156 PST 55 EPICENTER 47 06 00N 122 42 OOW 31 INSTR PERIOD 0 0770 SEC DAMPING 0 574 42 NO OF POINTS 1094 DURATION 89 16 SEC 42 UNITS ARE SEC AND G 10 23 RMS ACCLN OF COMPLETE RECORD 0 2455 G 10 43 ACCELEROGRAM IS BAND PASS FILTERED BETWEEN 0 070 AND 25 000 CYC SEC 4454 INSTRUMENT AND BASELINE CORRECTED DATA AT EQUALLY SPACED INTERVALS OF 0 02 SEC PEAK ACCEL
254. the following example to explain the information necessary to plot the object motion Example D MOD2000 Sample Object Motion Time Period 0 01 Number of Points 2000 024455 000868 019352 012488 003331 030202 021586 022183 1 050340 025930 000123 020366 000176 008401 013457 014927 2 No Values This is the total number of acceleration values that form the object motion file For the above example there are 2000 points in the file thus you will enter 2000 in this cell Time step Enter the time interval between each acceleration value For this example it is 0 01 seconds Scale Acc Maximum acceleration to be used in g s each acceleration value will be scaled proportionally to the ratio of the specified scale acceleration to the maximum acceleration of the time history No Header or Number of header lines Enter the number of lines at the beginning of the file that are used to describe the object motion In the above example the first two lines are the header lines Thus you will enter a 2 in this data cell Values Line or Number of values per line Enter the number of acceleration values on each line For the above example there are 8 values on each line The last number e g 1 only identifies the row number Thus you would enter an 8 in this cell for this specific example No Digits or Number of digits per value Enter the number of digits that form an acceleration value In the above example each
255. the maximum contribution of 5 55 is for the 1 Eps 2 level highlighted in light blue Accordingly for this pair a light blue color will be used when creating the graph The View command button can be used to view the contents of a hazard matrix file The first lines of the file will be displayed on a form with the first characters displayed in red representing the numbers of each row of data in the file followed by a These characters are not part of the file and are only shown to number the rows The Ok button will return you to the Main Menu form If any of the options is disabled or results for any of the parameters are not shown on the respective text box this is due to the maps for this option or for these parameters not being available from the USGS D MOD2000 Page No 129 To display a USGS Seismic Hazard map click on the appropriate frequency probability or region option and then click on the Map command button If any of the options is disabled or results for any of the parameters are not shown on the respective text box this is due to the maps for this option or for these parameters not being available from the USGS To display a USGS Seismic Hazard map click on the appropriate frequency probability or region option and then click on the Map command button D MOD2000 Page No 130 Video Player D MOD2000 Video Player Select AVI Movie File Select AVI Movie File C D MOD2000 Movie PGAmovie AVI i c o MOD
256. thickness of a layer for site response analysis is 25 Hz hence layer thickness can be calculated as h V 100 Width of the 1 th layer bj decimal ft Ground water table control number 0 Layer is below the ground water table 1 Layer is above the ground water table Pore water pressure cyclic degradation model control number 0 No pore water pressure cyclic degradation model is activated Dobry et al 1985 Vucetic and Dobry 1988 pore water pressure model for sand is activated D MOD2000 Page No 27 2 Generalized degradation pore water pressure generation model for clay by Matasovic and Vucetic 19952 is activated XLBL Up to 10 alphanumeric characters to describe number the material set optional Use the Add command button to add a new layer at the cursor position By default the same data for the current layer will be assigned to the new layer To delete a layer from the soil column use the Remove command button If you want to create more than one layer at a time place the cursor on the soil layer that you want to copy and then click on the Layers command button This will display the Soil Column Layers form Use this new form to enter the data that will be used for the new layers The Profile command button is used to display a plot of the soil column and other material properties vs depth The properties displayed will be for the first set of Option 4 for which there is a number of
257. this the user can pick a curve that approximates his her own curve and then use the generic material parameters and curve fitting constants for the selected curve The particle size and percent finer by weight values should be entered in the appropriate text boxes Every time a pair of values is entered the graph will be automatically redrawn to show your curve The label for your curve can be entered in the text box below the Curve ID label This label will be shown as the last legend on the legend section of the graph To select a matching curve click on any of the symbols for the curve that best matches your own The label for the selected curve will be shown in the text box below the Curve Matched to label The curves for Upper Bound and Lower Bound are only shown for reference and cannot be selected The data for your curve can be save to a text file using the Save command button The same data can be retrieved from this file using the Open command button A copy of the graph can be sent to a printer or copied to the Windows Clipboard using the Print command button The Property command button is used to display the help pages for the graph control The grain size distribution curves for the sands and silts included with the program are listed below The references listed contain more detailed material characterization information as well as verification of curve fitting constants and material parameters on case histories D MOD2000 Pag
258. tion 2 e For D MOD s Option 4 the program will create one material for each layer of the SHAKE column i e if the SHAKE column as defined by Option 2 has 16 layers then the program will create 16 different materials for D MOD s Option 4 For each material the Gmo will be assigned to be equal to Gmax or calculated based on the total unit weight and Vs from SHAKE s Option 2 Each material in D MOD s Option 4 will also be assigned the G G max vs strain and Damping Ratio vs strain curves based on the soil type code in SHAKE s Option 2 Further the program will assign default values for some of D MOD s Option 4 values based on the description of these curves For example if the description for the G G max curve includes the word sand the program will assign default values for a sand material Other words that will be used to define default values are clay silt rock cohesionless waste peat and gravel For clay soils the program uses the default values for plasticity index of 15 however it will also accept PI 30 or PI 30 PI 50 or PI 50 and PI 100 or PI 100 Other values for material properties are provided in Appendices A and B e D MOD s Options 6 amp 7 will be created based on the data in SHAKE s Option 3 For D MOD s Option 7 the program will use the multiplication factor from SHAKE s Option 3 as the acceleration scaling constant in D MOD s Option 7 if available
259. u would enter a 1 The last information needed before you convert the file is the number of the lines from the header section in the source file that you would like to include in the converted file To do this place the cursor on the first text box below the Lines from Source Header to be included in Converted Ground Motion File label Here you can select a specific line or select a range of lines To select one line just enter the number of the line in the text box For example to select the first line from the above file enter a 1 To select a range of lines enter the number of the first line in the range followed by a and then the number of the last line in the range For example if you would like to select the first five lines of the D MOD2000 Page No 21 above header you would enter 1 5 in the text box There are 3 text boxes in this section that you can use to select different lines from the header section By default the first four lines in the header of the converted file will be created by D MOD2000 The lines will include the name and path of the source file the units of the acceleration values the number of acceleration values in the converted file which may be slightly different from the original number in the source file the time step of the acceleration time history and the format string used to write the data to the file These four lines will provide valuable information if the file is used with a different software a
260. um Boore amp Atkinson 2008 NGA SMM Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 Uncorrected Campbell et al 2010 Ductility p US Gregor et al Cascadia Subduction Soil Kempton amp Stewart 2006 Near Fat Sadigh et al 1997 Deep Soil SEA99 Spudich et al 1999 Soil Youngs et al 1997 Soil Stewart Mesozoic Igneous X I Save Attenuation Data EAGeotechnicaG eoMotions Output D MOD attenuate tat these attenuation relations and their uses The attenuation relations available in D MOD2000 include 9m e D MOD2000 Page No 55 ET Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 Reference Abrahamson N A and Silva W 1997 Abrahamson amp Silva 2008 NGA Reference Abrahamson N A and Silva W 2008 Akkar amp Bommer 2007 Europe Middle East Reference Akkar S and Bommer J 2007a 2007b Ambraseys et al 2005 Europe Middle East Reference Abramseys N N Simpson K A and Bommer J J 1996 and Ambraseys et al 2005a 2005b Atkinson amp Boore 2006 ENA Reference Atkinson G M and Boore D M 2006 Atkinson amp Boore 2003 Subduction Reference Atkinson G M and Boore D M 19972 Atkinson G M and Boore D M 2003 2008 7 Berge Thierry et al 2003 Europe Reference Berge Thierry C Cotton F and Scotti O 2003 8 Boore D amp Atkinson G 2008 NGA Reference Boore David and Atkinson Gail 2008 Atkinson a
261. und Motion Attenuation Relations form D MOD2000 Page No 121 Soil Column Layers D MOD2000 Soil Column Layers Ok Help Cancel Start Number of Material Number of Thickness Width GWT Control PWP Control Material Layer Layers Type Subdivisions ft ft Number Number Description fe 4 fe 4 425 fi Sand w SB This form is used to create more than one layer for a soil column The number of layers shown in the Number of Layers text box will be added beginning one layer after the number of the layer shown in the Start Layer text box For example in the above form 4 layers will be created after layer 6 i e new layers 7 8 9 and 10 and the values shown for material type number of subdivisions thickness width GWT control number PWP control number and material descriptions will be used for each layer If there are any existing layers 7 through 10 the information on those layers will be scrolled up and will form layers 11 through 14 After entering the information for the new layers click on the Ok command button to return to the Option 2 form and create the new layers Click on Cancel to return to the Option 2 form without creating the new layers D MOD2000 Page No 122 Soil Profile Information D MOD2000 Soil Profile Information Ok Save Open Add Remove Reset Help Cancel Depth to te er Layer Bottom Soil Type Soil Description let feet 5 Silt 1 Lean clay to silt CL ML F 8 amp 3
262. urning to this form the values for Gmo Tmo P and s will be updated Similar to the MKZ button the Fit command button will display the Curve Fitting Parameters for MKZ Model form This form is used to find the MKZ model parameters f and s by trial and error but for more than one material at a time After you have selected the modulus reduction and damping ratio curves for the materials in this set the Curve Fitting Parameters for MKZ Model form can be used to speed up the process of matching f and s The Fit command button is enabled after every material has been assigned both modulus reduction and damping ratio curves and when there are at least 3 materials in the set The Sand command button is used to display the Grain Size Distribution Curve Matching form In this form the user can enter the gradation curve for his her own sand silt soil and then compare this curve to those from other liquefiable sands and or silts Based on this the user can pick a curve that approximates his her own curve and then use generic material parameters 1 e k v f p F s and yw and curve fitting constants i e y D and s for the selected curve Similarly the Clay command button will display the Plasticity Chart for Cyclically Degradable Clays form The liquid limit and plasticity index for your clay soil can be entered in this form and compared to other clay soils for which material parameters i e yw and curve fitting constants of the pore water p
263. user is solely responsible for verifying that the attenuation relations are appropriate for his her particular problem and that the data required for each attenuation relation are entered in the appropriate units It is recommended to review the references listed in this section to obtain more detailed information about Ground Motion Attenuation Relations D MOD2000 Ground Motion Attenuation Relations Plot Rib Weight Iaret Reset Help qus Attenuation Relationship by X Abrahamson amp Silva 1997 X Abrahamson amp Silva 2008 NGA X Akkar amp Bommer 2007 Europe Middle E ast X Ambraseys et al 2005 Europe Middle East X Atkinson amp Boore 2006 ENA X Atkinson amp Boore 2003 Subduction X Berge Thierry et al 2003 Europe X Boore D amp Atkinson G 2008 NGA X Boore Joyner amp Fumal 1997 X Campbell Kw 1997 X Campbell Kw 2003 CEUS X Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2003 X Campbell amp Bozorgnia 2008 NGA X Campbell Bozorgnia amp Hachem 2010 X Chiou B amp Youngs R 2008 NGA X Gregor et al 2002 Cascadia Subduction X Idriss I M 2008 NGA X Kanno et al 2006 Japan X Sabetta amp Pugliese 2009 Italy X Sadigh et al 1997 X SEA33 Spudich et al 1999 X Stewart Liu amp Choi 2003 X Tavakoli amp Pezeshk 2005 ENA X Toro amp Silva 2001 CEUS Double Comer X Toro amp Silva 20
264. ute the response spectrum for the synthetic motion and then use the computed value of Sa for the period of interest i e 1 second for the above example to obtain a scaling factor by dividing the probabilistic S by the computed S The acceleration values for the motion will be multiplied by this factor to obtain the modified ground motion The Hard Rock option is only enabled when processing USGS ground motion files When this option is selected the USGS B C boundary type motion will be transformed to a hard rock i e rock type A motion The motions are converted using the deamplification function presented by Park 2003 The AHL file option is used to convert files with the AHL extension for Acceleration History at Layer i e files created by D MOD2000 Similarly the HEA file option is used to convert files with the HEA extension for Horizontal Equivalent Acceleration i e files created by D MOD2000 from the shear stress time histories For more information about these files refer to the Non Linear Earthquake Response Analysis section of this manual The AVD file option will convert files with the AVD extension for Acceleration Velocity Displacement i e files created using the Save to file option of the Plot Object Motion form In this last option by default the acceleration data in column 2 of the file will be converted If you would like to use the baseline corrected acceleration values instead change the number in the Accele
265. value for mean effective confining stress in kPa select one of the Geologic Unit options and enter a value for Plasticity Index PI For each Geologic Unit option a range of PI values is displayed on the PI label For PI values other than those presented in Andrus et al 2003 the coefficients will be obtained through interpolation The effective confining stress in kN m and plasticity index values should be provided when using the Ishibashi amp Zhang 1993 relationship After entering the data for the model select the property curve i e Shear Modulus or Damping to plot and then click on the Plot command button to display the curve The mean effective confining stress O mw used in these models is computed from 000 1 2K On O 3 Where Oy vertical effective stress K coefficient of effective earth stress at rest After both graphs have been plotted the Ok command button will be enabled Click on the Ok command button to return to the MKZ Non Linear Stress Strain Model form The Mean Std Dev options to compute the mean standard deviation curves are only enabled when the Darendeli M B or Zhang Andrus amp Juang model is being used to obtain the curves D MOD2000 Page No 40 Earthquake Engineering Analyses amp Utilities D MOD2000 Analyses amp Utilities C Help Betum 3 Ground Motion Parameters Plotting Scaling Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database Newmark
266. value is defined by 8 digits including the spaces Therefore you would enter an 8 for this specific example Units For the computation of response spectra the values of acceleration are in g s If the values saved in the file are in other units e g ft sec cm sec or mm sec then select the appropriate units by clicking on the up or down arrows to scroll through the different options This way the data will be converted from these units to g s For example if the data in the file are in ft sec then you scroll down until ft sec sec is shown on the Units box Then the values will be divided by 32 2 to transform them to g s D MOD2000 Page No 115 Free format The data from the file are read free format i e no consideration is given to the number of digits in each column or to the number of columns in a row When you select this option an x is shown on the check box you only need to provide the No Values Scale Acc Time Step and No Header values and then select the dimensions for the Y axis by clicking on the up or down arrow keys next to the Units text box To be free format the data in the file have to be separated by at least one blank space a comma a tab or be in different lines Period spacing This list is used to select the spacing between the periods used to compute the response spectrum Click on the down arrow list to select a different value A spacing of 0 01 seconds creates a spectrum with 1000
267. verwrite an existing file by selecting it Before you execute D MOD 2 you need to enter the name of the master output file and select a directory path where the files created by processing of the master output file will be saved Place the cursor on the text box next to the Master Output File Name label and type in the name for the file followed by a period and the extension e g Example out D MOD2000 will not add an extension to the end of the file if itis not entered You can enter up to 32 characters Blank spaces are not allowed Next place the cursor on the text box next to the Name of Plot Files label and type in a name that will be used to identify the files created during processing of the master output file A maximum of 8 characters is allowed as input for this text box This name will be added to a default name and extension D MOD2000 Page No 90 depending on the type of data saved in the file These files will be saved to the folder shown on the text box next to the Directory of Output Files label To change the location of the output directory there is a command button located next to the text box i e the button with the open folder icon Click on this button to display the Choose Output Directory form select a different folder by double clicking on it and then click on the Ok button to return to this form In the text box next to the Output Generated for Layer label enter the number of the layer for which time depend
268. w the results for other suite click on the row for that suite to select To use these results with D MOD2000 you need to export the data using the Export Suites command button First select the suites that you want to export by clicking on the check box for each suite on the Export column Then click on the Export Suites command button to display the following file dialog form D MOD2000 Page No 76 Wil sigmaSpectra Output format of selected suites No Output Comma separated values CSV suitable for use with spreadsheets such as Excel Q Strata suite file suitable for use with SHAKE2000 C SHAKE2000 Short Course Match Indude a summary of all generated suites Cees On this form click on the Open command button to select the folder where the results file will be saved then click on the SHAKE2000 suite file option to select it To create the results file click on Ok This file will be automatically given the SuiteLog txt file name and extension In the Mean Response Spectrum form of D MOD2000 click on the open folder icon next to the text box for Motion Selector Suite and use the file dialog form to select the SuiteLog txt file created with sigmaSpectra and then click on Open The results for the first suite will be shown on the text box To select a different suite open the list by clicking on the down arrow and then select the suite The scaling coefficients for each motion in the suite will b
269. wever when the Ground Motion Parameters form is displayed only the Fourier Spectrum options will be enabled Other parameters will only be calculated and displayed for acceleration time histories D MOD2000 Page No 102 Plot Partial Results at Uniform Time Step D MOD2000 Plot Results Print Property Help Close Results Plot Option Wildlife Site D MOD2000 Tutorial Acceleration Time 83 5 sec C Velocity f Displacement Shear Strain Shear Stress c3 c X Show Layers X Highlight Liquefied Layers Record Movie Rate 1 Speed 0 1 Microsoft Video 1 Bal k gt ot Ba PWP Ratio Depth Ss 0 4 PWP Ratio AVI Movie File C D MOD2000 Movie d mod avi This form is used to display the dependent variables vs depth and time graph i e the change on the variable with depth and time can be displayed as an animated graph To change the variable displayed i e acceleration velocity displacement shear strain shear stress or PWP ratio click on one of the Results Plot Option options The graph will be updated automatically Depending on the amount of data this may take a few seconds The layers that form the soil column can be displayed by selecting the Show Layers option Further the layers that liquefied can be highlighted as red lines when selecting the Highlight Liquefied Layers option By default the variable at the first
270. xt box 3 If the motion will be scaled to a different peak acceleration value then enter the scaling value used to modify the acceleration in the Scaling Factor text box 4 The number of lines at the beginning of the file that are used to describe the object motion in the No Header text box and 5 The number of acceleration values on each line in the Values per Line text box and the number of digits that form an acceleration value in the No Digits text box D MOD2000 Page No 72 The Other command button can also be used to select multiple files at a time Also use the Other command button to select files downloaded from the PEER NGA Ground Motion Database i e AT2 files Please note that these files are not in a format compatible with SHAKE but can still be used with this feature of the program If you wan to convert some of these files to a format compatible with SHAKE after the scaling procedure use the Export command button More detailed information about these values is provided in the Plot Object Motion or Response Spectra for Ground Motion sections of this manual The third option used to select ground motion files is with the Convert command button This button is used to display the Conversion of Ground Motion File form that can be used to convert ground motion files from different units and or formatting to a file that can be used with D MOD2000 Further information on this feature is provided in the Conversion of Ground
271. y content The RMSA is defined by the following relation In D MOD2000 the time interval between 5 and 95 percent of the total Arias Intensity is used to compute the RMSA The Bracketed Duration of strong motion is the time interval between the first and last acceleration peaks greater than a specified acceleration value or threshold acceleration The value shown in the above form D MOD2000 Page No 62 is for a threshold acceleration of 0 05 g Based on the Normalized Husid Plot the Trifunac amp Brady Duration is the time interval between 5 and 95 percent of the total Arias Intensity Other parameters commonly used to evaluate the frequency content of a ground motion are the predominant spectral period T or commonly defined as the period of the maximum spectral acceleration Rathje et al 2004 the smoothed spectral predominant period To which attempts to define the peak in the response spectrum by smoothing the spectral accelerations over the range where S is greater than 1 2 PGA Rathje et al 2004 and the average spectral period Tavg defined as an average period over a specified frequency range weighted by the spectral accelerations Rathje et al 2004 To compute these periods the response spectrum for 5 damping is first computed using equally spaced periods on a log axis to obtain T and then the spectrum is computed a second time using equally spaced periods on an arithmetic axis to obtain T
272. y edu products rep nga models html Abrahamson N A and Silva W J 2008 Summary of the Abrahamson amp Silva NGA ground motion relations Earthquake Spectra 24 67 97 Abramson L W Lee T S Sharma S and Boyce G M 1996 Slope Stability and Stabilization Methods John Wiley amp Sons Inc Akkar Sinan and Bommer Julian 2007a Empirical Prediction Equations for Peak Ground Velocity Derived from Strong Motion Records from Europe and the Middle East Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 97 No 2 pp 511 530 April 2007 Akkar Sinan and Bommer Julian 2007b Prediction of elastic displacement response spectra in Europe and the Middle East Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics in press Ambraseys N N and J Douglas 2003 Near field horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Vol 23 pp 1 18 Ambraseys N Douglas J Sarma S and Smit P 2005a Equations for the Estimation of Strong Ground Motions from Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Using Data from Europe and the Middle East Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration and Spectral Acceleration Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering January 2005 Vol 3 No 1 pp 1 53 Ambraseys N Douglas J Sarma S and Smit P 2005b Equations for the Estimation of Strong Ground Motions from Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Using Data from Europe and the Middle East Vertical Peak Ground Acceleration and Spe
273. yer form Other Analyses amp Utilities Options Earthquake Engineering Analyses amp Utilities This option will display a form that includes a number of other analyses and utilities useful in geotechnical earthquake engineering These include Ground Motion Attenuation Relations Ground Motion Parameters Ground Motion File Utilities Conversion amp Database Newmark Method Displacement Analysis Response Spectra for Ground Motion and U S Geological Survey Seismic Hazard After selecting this option click on the Ok command button to display the form D MOD2000 Page No 94 Option List D MOD2000 Option List Help T Master Control Card Soil Profile Material Description Properties of Visco Elastic Half Space Dynamic Analysis Solution Control Card Earthquake Record Control Card This form is used to select D MOD 2 options that are not already included in the EDT file or to create new sets of an option Default values will be given to the option To select an option click on the option to highlight it and then click on the Choose button to return to the Earthquake Response Analysis form The new option will be shown on the option list You can also double click on the option to select it D MOD2000 Page No 95 Options for Table of Results D MOD2000 Options for Table of Results Ok Help Cancel Title Wild Life Site Subtitle 1 Site Response Subtitle 2 D MOD2000 Page Header Mas
274. yleigh Damping Formulation Calculate Rayleigh damping coefficients ar and Bp as OR Car 4n T n n 1 4 Br ar T n 1 n 5 where Star Target damping ratio T Fundamental period of soil deposit calculated as T 1 f 4H Vs avg fs Site frequency H Thickness of the soil deposit Maus Average shear wave velocity of soil deposit weighted average and n an odd integer 1 3 5 or 7 pick n by calibrating against the SHAKE analysis or use n 5 as the best guess Note that modeling Rayleigh damping using the full formulation corresponds to an assumption that viscous damping is both mass and stiffness proportional Also note that by setting n 0 Equations 4 and 5 reduce to Equation 3 D MOD2000 Page No 162 Extended Rayleigh Damping Formulation D MOD 2 does not explicitly include a model for the extended Rayleigh damping formulation However the extended formulation can be simulated by direct input of viscous damping into the program More details on how to apply the extended damping formulation can be found in Park and Hashash 2004 Selection of Target Damping Ratio and Other Rayleigh Damping Model Parameters The target damping ratio 1s for most practical applications in the 0 1 to 5 range This is consistent with the hypothesis that viscous damping may be used to provide for damping at very small strains where hysteretic damping inherent to the non linear soil models
275. ypel Ix Type ll Multimodal F Type IIl Ix I Type lv This form is used to define the coefficients to compute the AASHTO response spectra based on the following equations AASHTO 1994 12AS s7 TU Bus 1 E Where C E elastic seismic response coefficient for single mode analysis Con elastic seismic response coefficient for multimodal analysis A Acceleration coefficient from Article 3 2 S Dimensionless coefficient for the soil profile characteristics of the site Article 3 5 T Period T Period of the m mode of vibration D MOD2000 uses the value of Acceleration Coefficient A to compute the spectra for a number of periods using the above equation For single mode or multimodal analysis the value of C will be 2 5 A and for soil profiles type III or type IV in areas where A gt 0 3 C will not exceed 2 0 A The spectra for multimodal analysis are obtained by selecting the Multimodal option An x will appear in the check box when multimodal analysis is used by D MOD2000 Further the Fundamental Mode option will be enabled when the Multimodal option is selected If the Fundamental Mode option is not selected then for soil profiles types III and IV and for periods less than 0 3 seconds D MOD2000 will use the following formula to determine C C A 0 8 47 Further for multimodal analysis when Tm exceeds 4 0 seconds the value of Csm for that mode will be determined with the following formula _3AS

D-MOD2000 - GeoMotions, LLC

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents