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1. The Unpaved Maintenance Policies structure is similar to the Paved Maintenance Policies structure The only difference is the type of operations included Grading Spot Regravelling and Gravel Resurfacing Remember that you select an operations by placing a Y at the left of the operation line you decide between a Scheduled or Responsive operation by placing an R or S at the right of the corresponding line and that you should enter the features of the operation 22 The HDM Manager Program Construction Policies When you select the Construction Policies option at the Strategy menu the screen below appears The Construction Policies menu is equal to the Paved Maintenance Policies and Unpaved Maintenance Policies menus Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Save option to save the information in a file the Retrieve option to retrieve previously saved information for editing or viewing purposes and the Exit option to return to the previous menu When you use the Save option you are requested to enter a six digit character file name and when you use the Retrieve option the program displays a list of previously saved policies Remember that each policy should have a unique file name and a unique description While defining the strategies you will identify the policies that are part of a strategy through the policy description The Construction Policies option requests the ch
2. This option allows you to modify the congestion lookup tables after the congestion calibration process Use the Edit Road Types option to edit the road types lookup tables You have the option of editing road types adding road types and deleting road types Use the Edit Road Uses option to edit the road uses lookup tables You have the option of editing road uses adding road uses and deleting road uses This option allows you to delete and copy the Data Set files Select the Delete a Data Set option to delete a data set of a particular input module Analysis Control Road Characteristics Vehicle Fleet Data etc Select the Copy a Data Set option to copy a data set of a particular input module Analysis Control Road Characteristics Vehicle Fleet Data etc to a different drive or directory Select the Copy all Data Set option to copy all data sets to a different drive or directory When you select the Delete or Copy options the program enters into a loop that allows you to delete or copy many Data Sets quicker To exit the loop select the Return to Main Menu option Select the Quit Program option at the main menu to exit the program and return to DOS The Data Set All Data Set files created by the HDM Manager are Dbase files The filenames start with the Files HDM Manager and HDM on character the following and the second character indicates the type of data the file contains We have
3. Annual cost stream in percent of total costs Proportion of the total construction costs used in each of the construction years Note that the sum of this stream should be equal to 100 percent Construction salvage value in percent of total construction cost Construction cost factor Refer to the road characteristics section of this chapter for a detailed explanation of these inputs Traffic generated due to the construction This traffic is activated when the construction is terminated Description of the exogenous costs benefits policy This description appears when you use the Retrieve option to retrieve information stored in data files Note that the data regarding an exogenous costs benefits policy is stored in a data set file located in the hard disk and is accessed through its description Therefore each policy should have an unique file name and description Stream of exogenous costs of benefits Costs are entered as positive values and benefits as negative values The years are relative years to the year the policy will be activated in the definition of strategies phase Annex 1 Project Summary Table HDM Manager Project Summary Run Name Paving Gravel Road 1 Run Date 08 08 94 Road Name Gravel Road 1 in North Region Road Length 100 0 km Currency Million Dollars WITHOUT PROJECT CASE WITH PROJECT CASE ECONOMIC COMPARISON Grade Every 120 Days Pave the Road in 1995 ECONOMIC ECONOMIC ECONOMIC EC
4. Reconstructions New Constructions or Upgradings The timing of these actions is in control of the user That is the user defines if an action takes place scheduled at a certain year or time interval or if the action is activated in response to the condition of the road The HDM model and the HDM Manager do not generate strategies for a given road They perform a life cycle economic evaluation of strategies defined by the user The HDM Manager Program 13 The next sections present the steps needed to setup the life cycle economic evaluation and to define the strategies to be evaluated Defini ng the Select the Analysis Control option at the main menu to enter the control data to be used in the HDM run When you select this option the Analysis Control screen shown below appears Analysis Control seen aa ae TIE UTI Analysis Control i Description Paving Gravel Road 1 l i Run Date Day 08 Month 08 Year 94 f i i Discount Rate 12 0 l i i Analysis Period years 20 j i Calendar Year of Initial Year 1995 i l Input Currency Name Dollars i Output Currency Name Dollars l i Output Currency Conversion Multiplier 1 0000000 i 1 1 i i 1 i 1 i i i 4 Edit Print Keep Get Save Exit The screen presents the current information stored in the memory of the system and a menu of options at the b
5. Run Control Data Reserved for Future Use Road Characteristics Reserved for Future Use Required Vehicle Parameters Optional Vehicle Parameters Maintenance Unit Costs Definition of Standards Paved Maintenance Policies Unpaved Maintenance Policies Construction Policies Exogenous Cst Bnf Policies A ka I la m ly 4 bs The HDM Model reads a series of input files ASCII text files and after it computes the results it creates another series of output text files The HDM Manager program stores the input data and the results in Dbase files Therefore the HDM input files you created with your word processor or with the HDM Input Data Facility are not compatible with HDM Manager That means that you cannot import the data stored in HDM input files into the HDM Manager The HDM Manager creates all the required HDM input files before it runs the HDM model These files are named HDMDATA Thatis HDMDATA RUN HDMDATA AAA HDMDATA BBB etc You can view and modify these files with a word processor or the HDM Input Data Facility to run the HDM model directly The HDM Manager Inputs The Input Data Analysis Control This section describes the input data used by the HDM Manager Refer to the following World Bank publications for additional information regarding the HDM Manager inputs and HDM relationships Watanatada T and others The Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model Volume 1 Description of the HDM II Model Wa
6. 2 2 3 5 Number of Tires 4 4 6 6 6 10 18 Number of Passengers 3 00 3 00 40 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 VEHICLE UTILIZATION DATA Service Life yr 10 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 Hours Driven per Year 450 1300 2000 1300 2100 2000 1900 Km Driven per Year 18000 30000 80000 50000 65000 67500 80000 Depreciation Code 2 2 pA 2 2 2 2 Utilization Code 1 3 3 9 3 3 3 Annual Interest Rate 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 He eS SS SS e ee SSS SS SS SS SS eec Next Page Edit Print Keep Get Save Exit The Required Parameters menu is similar to the Analysis Control and Road Characteristics menus Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Keep option to store the information into a data set file for future use the Get option to retrieve a data set information and the Save Exit option to save the current information and return to the main menu The Required Parameters are defined in two pages of information Use the Next Page option to move among pages Remember that the Edit option acts on the current page while the Print Keep and Get options act on all the pages The Required Parameters all inputs in Black and Brown option collects the basic vehicle characteristics the vehicle utilization and the vehicle unit costs data The HDM model uses this information to compute the road user cost as a function of the road geometry and the road roughness When you select the Optional Parameters option
7. 215 223 231 239 248 258 277 287 309 Economic Second Strategy ay Roughne aff I d m k 0 11 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 10 0 115 0 BI 0 11 0 11 0 115 0 ds 0 12 0 125 0 des 0 35 0 3e 0 33 0 3 0 3 0 ce 0 Fa 0 g 0 S 0 4 0 4 0 4 Analysis Third Strategy 2959 33 TI 8 79 7 00 0 06 24 28 17 78 7 00 0 35 4 ss RI m 2 Capital Operation Applied RESU RESU RESU CONS Fourth million Dollars Gravel Financial Financial Economic Thickne ss mm 121 93 64 184 1535 122 90 Sq 174 139 104 69 182 121 Fifth 9 2 Agency Capital 000 000 000 920 000 000 000 000 920 000 000 000 920 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Agency Agency Recurrent Capital 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 1 632 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 1 632 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 0 000 0 080 1 632 0 070 8 500 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 0 150 0 000 Economic Vehicle Operation 2 285 2 454 2 566 2 675 2 562 2 685 2 920 3 045 3 124 3 308 3 452 3 600 1 540 1 598 1 659 T 122 1 857 1
8. 3 4 and 5 km hr Flow capacity ratios in periods 1 2 3 4 and 5 Flows in periods 1 2 3 4 and 5 pc hr You can display tables that compare the five strategies for any of the outputs described above or you can display tables that contain for a single strategy the speeds F C Ratios or the flows for each period To display the next table select the Next Table option and to display a previous table select the Previous Table option To display a particular table use the Select Table option To print save into an ASCII file or export to Lotus 1 2 3 a particular table select the Output Table option If you save or export a table the program asks fora filename Enter a legitimate DOS filename including a path and extension if necessary To graph a particular table select the Graph Table option If you are displaying a table that compares the five strategies when you select the graph option you will be presented with two options 1 compare strategies or ii compare vehicles If you select compare strategies you will have to select a vehicle and the program displays a graph comparing the strategies for the vehicle selected If you select compare vehicles you will have to select a strategy and the program displays a graph comparing the vehicles for the strategy selected If you are displaying a table that compares the five periods for a single strategy when you select the graph option the HDM Manager produces a graph comparing the five
9. 42 6 49 385 4 8 0 13 3 99 4 12 0 06 2 42 2 36 2014 400 13 4 0 07 6 69 6 76 400 5 0 0 72 4 15 3 43 0 79 2 54 3533 Average 12 0 4 4 Total undiscounted 7 89 93 40 101 30 kl 83 60 73 72451 3 94 32 66 28 73 Total at 12 0 3 08 34 13 37 20 OL 23 06 32 85 HEFL 11 06 4 35 Project NPV at 12 0 Discount Rate 4 35 Project Internal Rate of Return 18 9 ii Annexes Annex 2 Detailed Lotus Table HDM Manager Run Name Run Date Road Name Road Length km Economic Net Strategy Benefits 1 Grade Every 120 Days 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 D 8 665 1 234 1 304 3 006 13152 1 232 1 299 1 368 3 072 1 450 1 592 1 678 3 396 Present Values at 12 0 Discount Rate Million Dollars Society Agency Capital Recurrent Road Users Vehicle Operation Travel Time Exogenous Cst Bnf Net Present Value Net Benefits Detailed Table Pave the Road in 1995 SAMPLE Paving Gravel Road 1 08 08 94 Gravel Road 1 in North Region 100 0 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 First 2 W Daily Tr vp 200 207 2 bou 2235 2315 239 248 258 267 277 2875 309 200 207
10. 80 Aggregate of the horizontal curvature of the roadway in degrees km It is defined as the sum of the absolute values of angular deviations in degrees of successive tangent lines of the road alignment when traveling in one direction divided by the road length in km Suggested values Flat terrain 0 Level terrain 50 Rolling terrain 150 Hilly terrain 300 Mountainous terrain 500 Average superelevation is defined as the weighted average of the superelevations of the curvy sections of the road the weights being the proportion of the lengths of curvy sections dimensionless The superelevation of a curvy section is the vertical distance between the heights of the inner and outer edges of the road divided by the road width If value is not specified the program estimates the superelevation as a function of the road curvature Note that this value has no significant effect on the results Mean elevation of the road section above the mean sea level in meters Note that this value has no significant effect on the results Mean monthly precipitation in m month Suggested values Arid environment 0 002 Semiarid environment 0 020 Subhumid environment 0 080 Humid environment 0 150 Code that indicates the surface type The seven surface type codes are 1 for surface treatment ST roads 2 for asphalt Concrete AC roads 3 for slurry on surface treatment SSST roads 4 for reseal on surface treatment RSST roads 5 for reseal o
11. 928 2 002 2 080 2 160 2 245 Economic Society Total 252 814 973 137 422 326 493 582 674 769 869 KITA 080 21 92 309 Equivalent Annual Values per km Dollars per km Society Agency Capital Recurrent Road Users Vehicle Operation Travel Time Exogenous Cst Bnf Net Benefits Rate of Return 44472 3676 2996 680 40791 29316 11475 NA 39266 11699 10508 1189 27563 19454 8109 5202 18 9 39691 10488 9370 1119 29198 20676 8520 4779 19 2 40180 9409 8353 1054 30771 21851 8920 4291 19 3 Annexes iii 40693 8444 7446 998 32247 22954 9293 3776 1943 iv Annexes Annex 3 Summary Lotus Table HDM Manager Summary Table SAMPLE Run Name Paving Gravel Road 1 Run Date 08 08 94 Road Name Gravel Road 1 in North Region Currency Million Dollars Initial Length km 100 0 Initial Roughness IRI 2 00 Initial All Cracks 0 0 Initial Modified Structural No 0 7 Initial Surface Age yr 0 1995 2014 199 Roughness Roughness Al IRI IRI Crack Strategies S 1 Grade Every 120 Days 11 20 13 40 0 2 Pave the Road in 1995 12 40 5 00 0 3 Pave the Road in 1996 12 40 4 90 0 4 Pave the Road in 1997 12 40 4 70 0 5 Pave the Road in 1998 12 40 4 60 0 Operations 1 Grade Every 120 Days 1998RESU 2003RESU 2007RESU 2 Pave the Road in 1995 1996CONS 2008RESE 3 Pave the Road in 1996 19
12. Paved Routine Maintenance Currency per km per yr 1500 1275 1 i i Construction Thousands currency per km 00 0 85 0 i 1 i i Note The input currency is defined in the Analysis Control Data Edit Print Keep Get Save Exit Define Policies Data Bank The HDM Manager evaluates road agency strategies that are composed of one or more than one paved maintenance policy unpaved maintenance policy construction policy or exogenous costs benefits policy Therefore you have to create a data bank of road agency policies before defining the strategies to be evaluated Some examples of policies and strategies are given below Strategy X Policy 1 Grading every 90 days plus gravel resurfacing from 1995 to 2014 Strategy Y Policy 1 Reseals every 4 years from 1995 to 2004 Policy 2 Overlays every 8 years from 2005 to 2011 Strategy Z Policy 1 Grading every 90 days from 1995 to 1996 Policy 2 Paving the road in 1997 Policy 3 Reseals when area of cracks gt 15 from 1998 to 2014 Policy 4 Exogenous benefits activated after the paving Note that strategies are the road agency alternatives being evaluated and that each strategy defines a set of future agency actions over the analysis period Maintenance and construction policies within a strategy are not alternatives but a sequence with only one being applicable in a given year Note also that a policy can include a number of operations which may be scheduled a
13. Run the HDM Manager with the command HDM MAN xxxxx replace xxxxx with the work area directory For example HDM MAN cAhdmcase1 Note that before starting the program in this manner you should have created the work area directory For example using the DOS command MD HDMCASE1 Using Monochrome Monitors HDM Manager detects if you have a color or monochrome board and sets the screen colors accordingly If you want to force HDM Manager to use the monochrome palette for example on portable computers start the program as follows Working with the 1989 HDM Model The HDM Manager Program 9 Step 1 Change to the HDM MAN directory with the following DOS command CD HDM MAN Step 2 Run the HDM Manager with the command HDM MAN xxxxx M replace xxxxx with the work area directory For example HDM MAN cA hdmcasel M This HDM Manager version is designed mainly to be used with the 1995 HDM The 1995 HDM has an option designed to disable the congestion analysis and if the congestion analysis is disabled the model gives the same results as the 1989 HDM Therefore the use of the previous HDM model is not necessary or recommended In case you want to use the HDM Manager with the previous HDM model follow the steps below Install the 1989 HDM Install 1989 HDM in a directory called HDM following the instructions given by the HDM PC manual Install the 1995 HDM System Install the 1995 HDM System following the steps described in
14. at the Vehicle Fleet Data menu the Vehicle Fleet Data Optional Parameters screen shown below appears Working with Strategies The HDM Manager Program 17 Description Optional Data for Norht Region Light Medium Heavy Artic VEHICLE PARAMETERS Car Pickup Bus Truck Truck Truck Truck i i i i i Payload Tons 0 20 0 40 3 50 2 80 7 60 12 80 22 00 Aerodynamic Drag Coeff Projected Frontal Area Driving Power Metric HP Braking Power Metric HP E B y Paved Desired Spd km h 98 30 294 90 293 40 81 60 88 80 88 80 84 10 Unpaved Desired Sp km h 82 20 76 30 69 40 71 90 72 10 72 10 49 60 Energy Efficiency Factor 0 85 0 95 0 95 0 95 0 95 0 95 0 95 Hourly Utilization Ratio A H i A 7 Calibrated Eng Spd rpm j Weibull Shape Parameter t Max Avg Rect Vel mm s Width Parameter for Spd i Fuel Adjustment Factor f ET qplncueecece E E eco I uuu up ESTEE Next Page Edit Print Keep Get Save Exit The Optional Parameters menu is similar to the Analysis Control and Road Characteristics menus Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Keep option to store the information into a data set file for future use the Get option to retrieve a data set information and the Save Exit option to save the current information and return to the main menu The Optional Parameters option all inputs in Purple is used to enter the data required to calib
15. enter a filename that already exists the program asks if you want to overwrite the file or append to the existing file Manage This option allows you to view print and keep the output files created by the HDM model The HDM model produces 10 output files that contain all the inputs error messages and HDM Output warnings and all the results Select the View the HDM Output Files option to view the Files output files created by HDM model or any text ASCII file When you select this option and the file to view the file you selected is displayed on the screen Use the arrow keys to move through the file and press the ESC key to return to the menu Select the Print the HDM Output Files option to print the output files created by HDM model When you select this option you have to select the file you want to print and a printer from a list of available printers Note that the HDM output files contain 132 characters per line Select the Keep HDM Output Files option to store the HDM output files Each time you run the HDM Manager the previous HDM output files created by the previous HDM run are overwritten Therefore use this option to make a copy of these output files for future use before they are overwritten When you select the file you want to keep the program asks for the filename include path and extension to copy the file Edit Congestion Parameters Manage Data Set Files Exiting the Program The HDM Manager Program 35
16. periods In this case you will have to select a vehicle and the program displays a graph comparing the periods for 28 The HDM Manager Program the vehicle selected To print a graph you have the following options a to produce a screen dump to an Epson printer IBM Proprinter or HP LaserJet printer press the F7 key while displaying a graph and b to print a high quality graph in a HP LaserJet printer press the F9 key while displaying a graph To save the graph in a PCX format press the F4 key while displaying the graph You can then retrieve the PCX file into a graphics program and print it on any printer supported by the graphics program Viewi ng the Select the Cost Streams option at the main menu to view the cost streams for the five strategies being evaluated When you select this option the following financial agency Cost capital costs table appears Streams 4 Financial Agency Capital Costs Million Dollars i i i i First Second Third Fourth Fifth i Year Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Fao uu e xL C ee E LCS i 111995 0 000 10 000 0 000 000 0 000 1 2 1996 0 000 0 000 10 000 0 000 0 000 13 1997 0 000 0 000 0 000 10 000 0 000 i 4 1998 1 920 0 000 0 000 0 000 10 000 1 5 1999 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 i 6 2000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 i 7 2001 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 i 8 2002 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 1 9 2003 1 920 0 000 0 000 0 00
17. provided with this package contains the HDM Manager 3 0 the 1995 HDM the new EBM HS Model and three HDM case studies To run these programs you need a 80286 CPU or greater DOS 3 1 or greater 640 Kb of conventional memory and a disk space of 10 Mb Also make sure that 30 or more files are defined in the CONFIG SYS file The steps needed to install the 1995 HDM system are the following Step 1 Insert the system disk in drive A Step 2 At the DOS prompt enter the command A INSTALL The installation program expands the compressed files located on the system disk and copies them to the following directories HDM where the 1995 HDM program is located HDM MAN where the HDM Manager 3 0 and the HDM Manager 3 0 Utilities are located HDMCASEI where the Gravel Road Case Study is located HDMCASE2 where the Paved Road Case Study is located HDMCASE3 where the Congestion Case Study is located EBM HS where the EBM HS model is located If any of the directories does not exist the installation program will create it If you have a previous version of the HDM HDM Manager or EBM already installed on your computer note the following a The 1995 HDM does not interfere with the 1989 HDM they are composed of different and can be located on the same directory b If you have a previous version of the HDM Manager in a directory called HDM MAN the install program will overwrite it and c The EBM HS program interferes with the previous EBM Theref
18. the Output Table option If you save or export a table the program asks for a filename Enter a legitimate DOS filename including a path and extension if necessary To graph a particular table select the Graph Table option If you are displaying a table that compares the five strategies the program displays a bar chart comparing the strategies If you are displaying a table that presents the costs for a single strategy the program produces a stacked bar chart with the costs of the strategy To print a graph you have the following options a to produce a screen dump to an Epson printer IBM Proprinter or HP LaserJet printer press the F7 key while displaying a graph and b to print a high quality graph in a HP LaserJet printer press the F9 key while displaying a graph To save the graph in a PCX format press the F4 key while displaying the graph You can then retrieve the PCX file into a graphics program and print it on any printer supported by the graphics program Note that HDM Manager divides the total society costs into the following components Total Society Costs Road Agency Costs Road User Costs Exogenous Costs Benefits and Road Agency Costs Capital Costs Recurrent Costs and Road User Costs Vehicle Operation Travel Time The road agency capital costs are the costs related to new construction reconstruction overlays reseals and gravel resurfacing The road agency recurrent costs are costs related to routi
19. under standard atmospheric conditions the value of HPRATED should be adjusted where the operating atmospheric conditions depart from the standard conditions e g in high altitude driving or driving in severely cold weather Maximum used braking power in metric hp Suggested range values for braking powers Car 15 to 30 Pickups 20 to 35 Buses 140 to 180 Light trucks 90 to 120 Medium trucks 230 to 270 Heavy trucks 230 to 270 Articulated trucks 460 to 540 You can estimate the maximum braking power HPBRAKE from the manufacturer s rated gross vehicle weight GVWRATED Based on the test vehicles data from the Brazil study use one of the following simple formulas HPBRAKE 14 GVWRATED or 15 GVWRATED where GVWRATED is the manufacture s rated gross vehicle weight This formula is based on the assumption that vehicle designers strive to match the vehicle s braking capacity with its design weight The desired speed for paved roads in km h The desired speed is the desired vehicle speed without the effect of road severity factors On a straight flat and smooth road although the driving braking curve and ride severity speed constraints do not exist the vehicle still does not normally travel at the speed afforded by its own maximum or even used power Rather its speed is usually governed by subjective considerations of such factors as fuel economy vehicle wear safety or 50 The HDM Manager Inputs blanket speed limits Since
20. 0 0 000 110 2004 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 111 2005 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 112 2006 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 113 2007 1 920 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 114 2008 0 000 1 998 0 000 0 000 0 000 115 2009 0 000 0 000 1 998 0 000 0 000 4 Next Table Prev Table Select Table Graph Table Output Table Exit This table is only one of the following available tables Financial Agency Capital Costs Financial Agency Recurrent Costs Economic Agency Capital Costs Economic Agency Recurrent Costs Economic Road User Costs Economic Travel Time Costs Economic Exogenous Costs Benefits Economic Total Society Costs Net Economic Benefits First Strategy Economic Costs Second Strategy Economic Costs Third Strategy Economic Costs Fourth Strategy Economic Costs Fifth Strategy Economic Costs The tables display the first 15 years To display the next years years 16 to 25 press the Page Down key and to display again years 1 to 15 press the Page Up key To display the next table Viewing the Economic Analysis The HDM Manager Program 29 select the Next Table option and to display a previous table select the Previous Table option To display a particular table use the Select Table option Note that the last five tables present all the cost streams for each strategy To print save into an ASCII file or export to Lotus 1 2 3 a particular table select
21. 07 RESU 2 2 GRAV 83 309 34 0 114 2008 29 GRAV 45 321 35 0 115 2009 2 6 GRAV 07 333 36 0 L Next Table Prev Table Select Table Graph Table Output Table Exit To print save into an ASCII file or export to Lotus 1 2 3 a particular table select the Output Table option If you save or export a table the program asks for a filename Enter a legitimate DOS filename including a path and extension if necessary To graph a particular table select the Graph Table option To print a graph you have the following options a to produce a screen dump to an Epson printer IBM Proprinter or HP LaserJet printer press the F7 key while displaying a graph and b to print a high quality graph in a HP LaserJet printer press the F9 key while displaying a graph To save the graph ina PCX format press the F4 key while displaying the graph You can then retrieve the PCX file into a graphics program and print it on any printer supported by the graphics program Viewi ng the Select the User Impacts option at the main menu to view the user impacts for the five strategies being evaluated When you select this option the following unit road user costs User table appears Impacts The HDM Manager Program 27 PSS SSS See S SaaS Road User Costs Dollars veh km 1 i i i i i Vehicle First Second Third Fourth Fifth i Year Type Strategy Strateg
22. 1 Grading every 90 days Regrav bd Strategy 2 Paving in 1993 Reseal at 20 it Strategy 3 Paving in 1994 Reseal at 20 i Strategy 4 Paving in 1995 Reseal at 20 Strategy 5 Paving in 1996 Reseal at 20 i 4 5 55 5555 5 5 5 5555 You should enter the DOS filename including a path if necessary and the road and strategy codes The Dbase tables created from different runs can be merged to store the results of different roads into a single Dbase table for further analysis at a network level For this purpose when creating the Dbase Results Table you should give to each road and to each strategy a four character identification code The default road code is the first four characters of the road description and the default strategy codes are the first four characters of the strategies descriptions When you select to create an EBM Input File the program presents an input screen similar to the Dbase Results Table input screen shown above You should enter the DOS filename including a path if necessary and the road and strategy codes Although it is not mandatory an extension of EBM is recommended Each EBM file to be created needs a four character identification code for the road and the strategies being evaluated The default road code is the first four characters of the road description and the default strategy codes are the first four characters of the strategies descriptions Note that if you
23. 97CONS 2009RESE 4 Pave the Road in 1997 1998CONS 2010RESE 5 Pave the Road in 1998 1999CONS 2011RESE ooooo Financial Financial Financial Agency Agency Agency Capital Recurrent Capital 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 Grade Every 120 Days 7 68 1 60 2 95 2 Pave the Road in 1995 11 00 2 92 10 34 3 Pave the Road in 1996 11 00 2 84 9 22 4 Pave the Road in 1997 11 00 2 76 8 22 5 Pave the Road in 1998 11 00 2 68 7 33 Rodrigo Archondo Callao C MAN DOC HDM Manager Documentation doc August 23 2002 9 52 AM ooooo ooooo 2011RESU Financial Agency Recurrent 12 0 orrro 199 5 Modified Structural No ooooo Economic Agency Recurrent 12 ooono 0 ooooo 2014 Modified Structural No NNUNNO 00 O I Da 995 ily Traffic ADT Economic Economic Vehicle lOperation 12 0 Society Total 125 0 200 200 200 200 200 2014 Daily Traffic ADT 400 400 400 400 400 Net Internal Present Rate of Value Return 12 0 0 00 NONE 4 35 18 9 4 00 19 2 3 59 Y9 3 3 16 1933 Average Roughness IRI UIS
24. Methods for Economic Evaluation of Highways Investments and Maintenance HDM Manager Version 3 0 User friendly Shell Environment for the Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model HDM June 1995 Rodrigo Archondo Callao The World Bank Transport Division Transportation Water amp Urban Development Department the World Bank 2 The HDM Manager Program This report presents the HDM Manager developed by Rodrigo Archondo Callao The Transportation Water amp Urban Development Department The World Bank Copyright 1995 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank 1818 H Street N W Washington DC 20433 U S A All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 1995 HDM Manager is designed for use on 286 386 or 486 personal computers It requires a hard disk of 10 megabytes and minimum installed conventional memory of 640 Kb The World Bank s Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model HDM included in this package is required to be used in conjunction with the HDM Manager The HDM Manager program was written to assist in the operational work of the World Bank The author the World Bank the members of its Board of Executive Directors and the countries they represent make no representations or warranty with respect to the HDM Manager program other than as specified in the User License Agreement The User assumes all risk for the installation an
25. New Vehicle Price New Tire Price Maintenance Labor Crew Cost Passenger Time Cargo Time Gas Petrol Price Cost per new vehicle Cost per new tire Cost per labor hour of vehicle repairs and maintenance Cost per crew hour of vehicle operation Passenger time cost per passenger hour delayed Cargo time cost per vehicle hour delayed Gasoline Petrol cost per liter 48 The HDM Manager Inputs Optional Vehicle Characteris tics Diesel Price Lubricants Price Diesel cost per liter Lubricants cost per liter Note that the program request economic unit costs not the financial unit costs in order to compute the total vehicle fleet vehicle operation and travel time costs in economic terms Financial costs represent the actual costs incurred by transport operators in owning and operating the vehicles over the road Economic costs represent the real costs to the economy of that ownership and operation where adjustments are made to allow for market price distortions such as taxes foreign exchange restrictions labor wage laws etc Description Description of the optional vehicle characteristics This description appears when you use the Get option to retrieve information stored in data files Note that all the following inputs are optional If you leave them blank not zero the model will adopt the default values obtained in the Brazil HDM study Payload Aerodyn Drag Coeff Projected Frontal Area Driving Powe
26. ONOMIC ECONOMIC ECONOMIC DECREASE DECREASE ECONOMIC YEAR ADT OPER IRI AGENCY USER TOTAL ADT OPER IRI AGENCY USER TOTAL AGENCY USER NET COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS BENEFITS 1995 200 Tiya 0 07 3 18 3 25 200 12 4 8 56 3 36 11 92 8 49 0 17 8 66 1996 207 12 0 0 07 3 41 3 48 207 CONS 3 2 Deta 2 12 2 24 0 06 1 29 1 23 1997 215 12 2 0 07 3 56 3 63 215 3 3 0 13 2 20 2533 0 06 1 36 1 30 1998 223 RESU 12 4 1 30 Karen 5 41 223 3 4 0 13 2 28 2 41 1 57 1 43 3 01 1999 231 10 8 0 07 3 58 3 65 231 3 4 0 13 2 37 2 49 0 06 1 221 1 15 2000 239 11 0 Goa 3 75 3 81 2329 345 0 713 2 45 2 58 0 06 1 29 1 23 2001 248 ALS 2 0 07 dO 3 597 248 3 6 O13 2 55 2 67 0 06 1 36 1 30 2002 258 11 4 0 07 4 07 4 14 258 S37 o I3 2 64 Zs TI 0 06 1 43 1 37 2003 267 RESU 11 6 1 70 4 24 5 94 267 3 8 0 13 2 74 2 87 1457 1 50 3 07 2004 271 11 4 0 07 4 35 4 42 277 39 0 13 2 84 2 97 0 06 1 51 1 45 2005 287 11 9 0 07 4 60 4 67 287 4 0 0 13 2 95 3 08 0 06 1 65 1 59 2006 298 12 1 0 07 4 80 4 87 298 4 1 0 13 3 06 3519 0 06 1 74 1 68 2007 309 RESU 12 2 1 70 5 01 6 71 309 4 2 0 13 3 18 3 31 1457 1 82 3 40 2008 aat 11 9 0 07 bones ae O07 321 RESE 4 3 1 83 3 30 5 13 S176 1 80 0 04 2009 333 12 6 0 07 5 44 5 50 333 4 4 0213 3 43 3 56 0 06 2 01 1 95 2010 345 12 8 0 07 5 67 5 74 345 4 5 On ES 3 56 3 69 0 06 2 11 2 05 2011 358 RESU 12 9 1 70 Bib 7 61 358 4 6 0 13 3 70 3 83 1 57 2 21 3 78 2012 371 I2 0 07 6 00 6 07 371 4 7 D T9 3 84 3 97 0 06 2515 2 09 2013 385 13 3 0 07 6
27. a graph you have the following options a to produce a screen dump to an Epson printer IBM Proprinter or HP LaserJet printer press the F7 key while displaying a graph and b to print a high quality graph in a HP LaserJet printer press the F9 key while displaying a graph To save the graph in a PCX format press the F4 key while displaying the graph You can then retrieve the PCX file into a graphics program and print it on any printer supported by the graphics program Worki ng Select the Other Options option at the main menu to perform any of the tasks listed in the Other Options menu shown below aN mead _ o The HDM Manager Program 31 with Other Options 4 2 i po o o 1 1 Perform Sensitivity Analysis 4 Manage HDM Output Files i 0 0 R o i poo 4 o t 2 Produce Project Summary 5 Edit Congestion Tables l pe o i i pe R o l 3 Export Results 6 Manage Data Set Files i i poo0 4R o i i i i Exit i 1 1 i i 4 2 i 4 The oth
28. able Output Table Exit The table presents the discounted cost streams present values the discounted net present value of benefits NPV and the internal rate of return Note that if the core HDM model finds many rates of return for a given strategy the HDM Manager computes the various rates of return and dis plays one of them along with the warning MANY In this case the rate of return displayed is the first rate of return higher than the discount rate if the net present value is positive and the first rate of return lower than the discount rate if the net present value is negative The following five tables are available in the Economic Analysis option Present Values and Internal Rate of Return Equivalent Annual Values and Average Roughness Benefit Cost Ratios and Incremental Benefit Cost Ratios Net Present Value per Initial Capital Investment Financial Agency Costs Quality of Service Indicators To display the next table select the Next Table option or press the Page Down key and to display the previous table select the Previous Table option or press the PgUp key To print save into an ASCII file or export the table to Lotus 1 2 3 select the Output Table option If you save or export the table the program asks for a filename Enter a legitimate DOS filename including a path and extension if necessary Select the Graph Table option to graph the table There are different graph options for each table being displayed To print
29. ading 120 days Regravelling Unp G120_R STRATEGY 2 Pave the Road in 1995 Start in Year 1995 Policy Wait for Paving Unp WAIT 1995 Paving Gravel Road 1 Con PAV 01 1996 Reseal 12mm 20 Patching Pav SST_20 D Note Strategy 1 is the base strategy for the economic analysis 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i i SS E A E E E O AE E S EI Next Page Edit Print Keep Get Save Exit Each strategy should have at least one maintenance policy and the first policy should start at the calendar year of the beginning of the analysis period Each strategy can have a maximum of four policies For example Starting Policy in year Description STRATEGY 1 1995 Grading every 90 days STRATEGY 2 1995 Grading every 90 days 1996 Paving the road 1997 Reseal when damage gt 15 2005 Overlays when IRI gt 4 5 A maintenance policy will be active from the starting year up to the end of the analysis period unless a new policy starts If anew maintenance policy starts the previous policy will be stopped The construction policies are active from the starting year and for the duration of the construction The exogenous costs benefits policies are active from the starting year to the end of the analysis period Enter the starting calendar year for each policy and on the right side enter the policy description To enter a policy description pres
30. aintenance Policies menu is different from the Analysis Control menu or the other previous input data menus described so far To indicate that the screen background is Green while at the previous input data screens the backgrounds are Blue On the Blue input screens after you select the Save Exit option the program saves and retains in memory the information displayed on the screen This information is then used by the HDM program The Green input screens are managing a Data Bank of policies stored on files Therefore the information is not retained in memory when you select the Exit option To save the information related to a policy you have to explicitly use the Save option and supply a file name Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Save option to save the information in a file the Retrieve option to retrieve previously saved information for editing or viewing purposes and the Exit option to return to the previous menu Remember that in this Step you are not deciding which policies to include in the strategies to be evaluated You are managing a series of road agency policies stored in files that could or could not be used by the HDM model You define the policies to be included in each strategy and the timing of these policies in the Definition of Strategies phase The Paved Maintenance Policies information is composed of three screen pages In these pages you define the maintenance
31. ar when these new rates will be activated Enter Y to include the congestion effects calculated by 1995 HDM Enter N or leave the field blank to not include the congestion analysis of 1995 HDM to obtain the same results as 1989 HDM Select the road type category The road type defines the road capacity and speed parameters Select the road use category The road use defines the characteristics of the yearly flow periods Friction factor to account for slow moving vehicles and roadside activities which reduces speeds Description Description of the required vehicle characteristics This description appears when you use the Get option to retrieve information stored in data files BASIC CHARACTERISTICS Gross Vehicle Weight Gross vehicle weight in tons Defined as the sum of the tare weight and the payload Note that you should not enter the gross vehicle weight of a fully loaded vehicle Enter the gross vehicle weight of a representative vehicle of the vehicle class Suggested range for gross vehicle weights Cars 0 8 to 2 0 Pickups 1 1 to 2 5 Buses 7 5 to 12 0 Light trucks 3 0 to 6 5 46 The HDM Manager Inputs ESA Factor per Veh Number of Axles Number of Tires Number of Passengers Medium trucks 5 0 to 16 0 Heavy trucks 6 0 to 22 0 Articulated trucks 13 0 to 45 0 Equivalent 80 kN standard axle load factor based on the equivalency exponent of 4 0 in ESA per vehicle The equivalent standard axle ESA is de
32. aracteristics of a construction policy That is the construction duration and costs the new road characteristics and an optional generated traffic to be activated at the end of the construction quee e eere Data Bank Construction Policies 1 Page 1 3 Description f i CONSTRUCTION 1 Construction Duration y 1 Annual Cost Stream of total cost Construction Year 1 0 0 4 Construction Year 2 0 0 Construction Year 3 0 0 f Construction Year 4 0 0 f 1 Construction Year 5 0 0 Salvage Value of total cost 0 0 l l Cost Factor 1 00 r i i GEOMETRY i Road Class Paved Unpaved P l l Road Length km 1 40 Road Width m 2 45 One Shoulder Width m 0 0 Effective Number of Lanes P 1 Rise amp Fall m km 0 0 Curvature deg km 0 0 j Superelevation i III ae EEE MA RE E EE Next Page Edit Print Save Retrieve Exit Exogenous Costs Benefits Policies When you select the Exogenous Costs Benefits Policies option at the Strategy menu the screen below appears The Exogenous Costs Benefits Policies menu is equal to the Paved Maintenance Policies and Unpaved Maintenance Policies menus Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Save option to save the information in a file the Retrieve option to retrieve previously saved information for editing or viewing purposes and the Exit option to return to the previous menu When yo
33. ation will not be carried out after the roughness passes this threshold roughness level Input to indicate if overlays should be included in the policy Enter Y to include overlays If you entered Y you should enter the following information Input to indicate if overlays should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Overlays interval in years Required only if overlays are scheduled Maximum allowable roughness in IRI If this is specified the overlay will be carried out after the roughness passes this threshold roughness level Required only if overlays are condition responsive Minimum applicable overlay interval in years Required only if 56 The HDM Manager Inputs Max Interval Cost Factor Overlay Type Overlay Strength Overlay Thickness Last Applicable Year overlays are condition responsive Maximum applicable overlay interval in years Required only if overlays are condition responsive Overlay cost factor Overlay type The options are i 1 for open graded cold mix asphalt with regular or manual leveling control ii 2 for hot mix asphalt concrete with regular or manual leveling control and iii 3 for hot mix asphalt concrete with long base automatic leveling control base longer than 5m Overlay strength coefficient dimensionless A suggested value is 0 40 Overlay thickness in mm Last applicable year in number of year
34. ction of the supplied value If you have both values it is recommended that you enter both values because the current relationship between the modified structural number and Benkelman deflection is somewhat weak CONDITION Roughness Deviation of a surface from a true planar surface with characteristic dimensions that affect vehicle dynamics ride quality dynamic loads and drainage ASTM E 867 82A typically in ranges of 0 1 to 100 m wavelengths and 1 to 100 mm amplitudes in IRI IRI is the International Roughness Index the reference measure expressing roughness as a dimensionless average rectified slope statistic of the longitudinal profile and defined in Sayer Gillespie and Paterson 1987 in m km Suggested values based on a qualitative evaluation of the ride quality of the road Smooth paved road Reasonably smooth paved road Medium rough paved road Rough paved road Very rough paved road 10 oo 0 Arn If you have roughness in QI units roughness measured by a quarter car index scale convert it into IRI units using the formula IRI 2 QI 13 If you have roughness in BI units roughness measured by Bump Integrator trailer at 32 km h convert it into IRI units using the formula IRI BI 715 If you have roughness in other units convert it into IRI units using an appropriate conversion method Refer to the following publication for more information about the International Roughness Index and its relationship to other r
35. d construction unit costs define a data bank of possible road agency maintenance and construction policies and define the road agency strategies to be evaluated Step 5 Execute the HDM Model Run the HDM model from within the shell environment Note that after the HDM run is completed the HDM Manager collects the HDM results from the HDM output files Step 6 Viewthe Deterioration Examine the road deterioration behavior roughness progression wide cracks progression etc of each of the road agency strategies being evaluated Step 7 View the User Impacts Examine the user impacts road user costs speeds etc of each of the road agency strategies being evaluated Step 8 View the Cost Streams Examine the financial and economic cost streams agency costs road user costs exogenous costs benefits and 12 The HDM Manager Program The Road Agency Strategies Step 9 Step 10 total society costs of the road agency strategies being evaluated View the Economic Analysis Examine the economic comparison of the strategies being evaluated The comparison is based on the net present value of benefits NPV of each strategy in relation to a base strategy Explore Other Options For example i perform sensitivity analysis ii produce a project summary iii export the results to Lotus 1 2 2 or Dbase iv view or print the original HDM output files v edit the congestion setup tables or vi manage the data set files For each st
36. d road subgrade material in IRI Maximum roughness of unpaved road subgrade material in IRI Maximum particle size of the material defined as the equivalent sieve opening through which 95 percent of material passes in mm Plasticity index of the material in percent Amount of material passing the 2 0 mm sieve or ASTM No 10 sieve in percent by mass Amount of material passing the 0 525 mm sieve or ASTM No 40 sieve in percent by mass Passing 0 0075 mm Sieve Amount of material passing the 0 075 mm sieve or ASTM No 200 sieve in percent by mass Required Vehicle Characteris _ tics The HDM Manager Inputs 45 PAVED AND UNPAVED ROADS TRAFFIC Average Daily Traffic Current average daily vehicular traffic in both directions for each Traffic Growth Rate vehicle class in vehicles day Average daily traffic growth rate for each vehicle class in percent increase per year Note that if you do not want to use a particular vehicle class in the analysis you should enter zero in the corresponding average daily traffic Change in Growth New Traffic Growth CONGESTION Include Congestion Road Type Road Use Roadside Friction You can specify a change in the traffic growth rates in a future year Enter the year when the growth rate will change or leave this field blank to maintain the same growth rate over the analysis period Enter the new traffic growth rates in percent if you had entered the ye
37. d use of and results obtained from the program The author and The World Bank shall not be liable for any error contained in the program or in the supporting manual or documentation supplied with the program or for incidental or consequential damage resulting from furnishing performance or use of the program Although every effort has been made to test HDM Manager and ensure its accuracy the World Bank is not in a position to provide user support The HDM Manager Program 3 HDM Manager Version 3 0 Contents CONTENT CC 3 AGKNOWLEDGMENTS eere aeo eee Y RE ee REFER EROGO st tie ERRARE T HERE 5 THE HDM MANAGER PROGRAM eee eee Re dee de EE reb e Eee tete e retener 6 Introducing HDM Man ger eee ere ete rete de ed ER HR ee ae edere bete ers 6 The 1995 HDM Systems e te e RE e ERE RET EU ERR eate sa cates E eU PEDE SENT eae 7 Installing 1995 HDM System itecto Het Rer Ee TUUS ERR HE EROR Ee Re S ER Hee eee NOT e ERE aed 7 Starting the HDM Manager s eet tee t ROG EN eei be ar NS Ei i ri eae AERES oi 8 Using all the Defaults Storing Work Files in Other Directories Using Monochrome Monitors HDM Manager ses Using all the Defaults see Storing Work Files in Other Directories Using Monochrome Monitors ei rad e epe ie dp te Eie Hd eee ER Mess 8 Working with the 1959 HDM Model u ecesesssssssssssssesssesesesesesesesesesese
38. distribution dimensionless Max Avg Rect Vel Width Parameter Maximum allowable average rectified velocity of suspension motion of the standard Opala Maysmeter vehicle in response to roughness in mm s Width parameter for adjusting the desired speed dimensionless Fuel Adjustment Factor Fuel consumption adjustment factor for operating conditions dimensionless The fuel consumption data employed in the development and validation of the fuel consumption prediction model was obtained under rather idealized controlled conditions in favor of fuel efficiency Predictions by the model were found to be generally lower than values experienced by vehicle operators in the same geographic region but under actual conditions Therefore an adjustment factor was developed to bring the predictions closer to vehicle operators values The default values of the adjustment factor Operation Unit Costs FRATIOO Paved FRATIOO Unpaved FRATIOI Paved FRATIO1 Unpaved Recap Cost Ratio Tire Rubber Vol Number of Retreads Tread Wear COTC Tread Wear CTCTE Spare Parts COSP Spare Parts CSPQI Spare Parts QIOSP Labor Hours COLH Labor Hours CLHPC Labor Hours CLHQI Description Financial amp Economic Inflation The HDM Manager Inputs 51 were obtained from calibrating the mechanistic fuel prediction model to the road user cost survey data in Brazil They are 1 16 for cars and utilities and 1 15 for trucks a
39. e screen to create a library of information files that you can retrieve later To store in a file the information currently on the screen use the Keep option This option prompts for the name of 14 The HDM Manager Program the data set file to store the information Enter a file name of up to six characters or digits The HDM Manager will give a proper extension to the file To retrieve the information of a previously stored using the Keep option data set file use the Get option This option lists the available data sets Highlight the data set you want and press the Enter key The program will get the information from the data set file and present it on the screen Remember that the HDM model uses the current information displayed on the screen saved automatically with the Save Exit option to compute the results To print the current information use the Print option and the program displays a list of valid printers Select your printer by highlighting the printer and pressing the Enter key To return to the main menu use the Save Exit option If you press the Escape key the program will return to the main menu but it will not save in the memory of the system the latest screen changes Note that in the HDM Manager at any moment you can press the Escape key to cancel an operation or to go back to a previous menu Defini ng Select the Road Characteristics option at the main menu to enter the road information to be used in the HDM run When y
40. eloping countries the discount rate generally adopted is 12 percent Number of years to be included in the life cycle economic evaluation in years That is the time over which benefits and costs are compared You options are between 10 15 20 or 25 years An analysis period between 15 to 20 years is recommended Calendar year of first year in the analysis period Note that all the strategies to be defined for the run should have a maintenance policy that starts in this calendar year Name of the currency being used to enter the unit vehicle operation 38 The HDM Manager Inputs Road Characteris _ tics Output Currency Conversion Multiplier maintenance construction and exogenous costs The program can accept any currency but you should use a currency that will fit on the input fields If a currency does not fit you can use a multiplier of the currency for example millions of pesos Name of the currency to be use to present the results If the results do not fit in the output fields select a different output currency Note that the name you enter here will appear in all the reports produced by the HDM Manager Factor to convert from input currency to output currency The output currency will be the input currency multiplied by the output currency conversion multiplier Description Description of the road This description appears in all the reports produced by the HDM Manager and when you use the Get option to ret
41. ep described above select the corresponding option at the main menu The HDM Manager evaluates road agency strategies that are defined as sequence of actions performed by a road agency during a defined analysis period to maintain and or improve a roadway Some examples are given below Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Maintain an unpaved road for twenty year by doing routine maintenance gravel resurfacing and grading twice a year Maintain an unpaved road for two years doing routine maintenance and grading twice a year and on the third year upgrade the road to a paved standard to be follow in subsequent years next seventeen years by routine maintenance pothole patching and reseals activated when the surface distress area is greater than 10 percent Maintain a paved road by just doing routine maintenance for twenty years Maintain a paved road for twenty years by doing routine maintenance patching all the potholes and by doing overlays every eight years Rehabilitate and widen the paved road in the first year to be follow in the next nineteen years by routine maintenance and overlays activated when the road roughness is greater than 4 5 IRI The actions performed by a road agency that can be included in the definition of a road agency strategy are the following Routine maintenance Grading a gravel road Gravel resurfacing Spot regravelling Pothole patching Reseals Overlays
42. er options are the following 1 Perform Sensitivity Analysis This option allows you to perform a sensitivity analysis of the economic evaluation of a given strategy 2 Produce Project Summary This option allows you to produce a one page summary report of the results of the economic evaluation of a given strategy 3 Export Results This option allows you to export the results to Lotus 1 2 3 Dbase and EBM formats 4 Manage HDM Outputs This option allows you to view print and keep the output files created by the HDM model 5 Edit Congestion Tables This option allows you to modify the congestion setup tables after the congestion calibration process 6 Manage Data Set Files This option allows you to delete and copy the Data Set files used during an HDM run Perform This option allows you to perform a sensitivity analysis of the economic evaluation of a given roc strategy by increasing or decreasing the net cost streams and by changing the discount rate Se nsitivity used to compute the net present value of benefits NPV When you select this option the An alysis program requests the selection of a strategy to be evaluated and after you select a strategy a screen similar to the one shown below appears 32 The HDM Manager Program Pose S oe SSeS SS Second Strategy Pave the Road in 1995 Study 1 Study 2 Study 3 Study 4 Study 5 Study 6 Discount Rate 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 Multiplicative Fact
43. ered are the costs for a particular user defined operation For example in the screen below the financial unit cost for an overlay is equal to 10 81 km the thickness and the material being defined by the user This cost for example may be based on a 40 mm asphalt concrete overlay but these details are not shown in the input screen The cost for a particular operation can be adjusted by a cost factor to consider variations on the defined operation for example to consider different thicknesses or materials in the definition of maintenance and construction policies phase The maintenance and construction unit costs can be in any currency defined in the Analysis Control screen and will be used by all the road agency policies to be defined Note that the unit cost for the construction operation is in thousands of the currency defined in the Analysis Control screen The HDM Manager Program 19 Description Operation Costs for North Region Financial Economic 1 i i 1 i i i i Operation Unit Cost Unit Cost i Grading Currency per km of road graded 00 0 85 0 i Spot Regraveling Currency per cu m 0 00 8 50 Gravel Resurfacing Currency per cu m 20 00 17 00 Unpaved Routine Maintenance Currency per km per yr 500 425 i i i Patching Currency per sq m 0 00 8 50 Resealing Currency per sq m 2 10 2 30 1 Overlay Currency per sq m 0 81 9 19 i Reconstruction Currency per sq m 40 00 34 00
44. fined as the number of applications of a standard 80 kN dual wheel single axle load which would cause the same amount of damage to a road as one application of the axle load being considered Suggested values Cars 0 Pickups 0 to 0 01 Buses 0 4 to 0 8 Light trucks 0 01 to 1 0 Medium trucks 1 0 to 2 0 Heavy trucks 2 0 to 4 0 Articulated trucks 4 0 to 8 0 Number of axles per vehicle Suggested values Cars Pickups Buses Light trucks Medium trucks Heavy trucks Articulated trucks CA C2 P2 P2 L2 b2 WN Number of tires per vehicle Suggested values Cars Pickups Buses Light trucks Medium trucks Heavy trucks 10 Articulated trucks 18 O00 B4 Number of passengers per vehicle Suggested values Cars Pickups Buses Light trucks Medium trucks Heavy trucks Articulated trucks ence oem Rem on ep VEHICLE UTILIZATION Service Life The HDM Manager Inputs 47 The baseline average vehicle service life in years Hours Driven per Year Baseline average number of hours driven per vehicle per year in hours Km Driven per Year Depreciation Code Utilization Code Annual Interest Rate per year Baseline average number of kilometers driven per vehicle per year in kilometers per year Code that indicates depreciation method to be used Enter 1 for de Weille s varying vehicle life method Enter 2 for constant vehicle life method The de Weille s varying vehicle life method assumes that the vehicle service
45. fy the work area directory that the HDM Manager will use to store the data files Therefore if you will be working with different work area directories for example working with the case studies supplied in this package you will need to add a separate icon for each work area directory that you will be working Each icon that you add should have on the Command Line at the Program Item Properties the corresponding work area directory To start the HDM Manager under Windows select the HDM Manager 3 0 icon Windows executes the HDM Manager and after you define the input data the HDM Manager executes the HDM program automatically and collects the results Note that the HDM Manager is being executed under Windows but it is not a Windows program Therefore you can not use the mouse while working with the HDM Manager and you can not cut and paste information to and from the Windows clipboard The main menu shown below shows you the basic structure of the program and gives you a series of options Analysis Control Deterioration etc At this type of menu select an option by using the cursor keys to highlight the option and pressing the Enter key or by pressing the first letter of the option selected The HDM Manager Program 11 4 The Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model Series Transportation Water amp Urban Development Department The World Bank HDM Manager Version 3 0 04 04 95 i i i i o
46. hard disk and is accessed through its description Therefore each policy should have an unique file name and description The following inputs describe a paved maintenance policy Each policy is composed of one or 54 The HDM Manager Inputs more than one maintenance operation You define what maintenance operations should be included in the policy by placing a Y at the left side of the name of the operation to be included After you include an operation you have to decide if the operation would be scheduled at a certain time interval or if it would be activated in response to the condition of the road You make this decision by placing a S Scheduled or R Condition Responsive at the right side of the operation name Finally you have to enter the time interval or trigger point and the features of the operation being defined One operation feature that is present in all operations is the cost factor Whenever a maintenance operation is carried out in the simulation its cost will be the multiplication of the unit cost data defined in the Operation Unit Costs screen by the cost factor This allows for the definition of variations of the operation For example to consider different thicknesses materials or other characteris tics ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Y N Input to indicate if routine maintenance should be included in the policy Note that routine maintenance is always included in a paved maintenance policy Therefore yo
47. ics Data View the SCAN 2 file to locate errors on the Vehicle Fleet Data and Road Agency Policies View the SCAN 3 file to locate errors on the Road Agency Strategies and the structure of the run and to obtain a summary table of errors and warnings View the SCAN 4 file to locate execution errors After locating the errors you should fix them and run the HDM model again Note that if the HDM model is not installed on your hard disk the HDM Manager presents an error message and doesn t compute the results Viewi ng the Select the Deterioration option at the main menu to view the road deterioration under the five standards being evaluated When you select this option the periodic operations table Road appears and if you select the Next Table option the following roughness deterioration table Deterioratio appears n First Second Third Fourth Fifth Year Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy 12 125 125 12 m w m w m w m Dod a W WW WW WwW WwW WwW wad RR wos Pe SF aS BWW WWW CO CO Ww CO BoP PB BWW CO CO Www Ww Ww Bop WwW WW WW WwW Ww Ww Next Table Prev Table Select Table Graph Table Output Table Exit The Roughness table presents the roughness progression for all five strategies and it is only one of the following available tables Capital Operations Roughness IRI m km All Cracks Area Wide Cracks Area Area Ravelled Pothole Area Rut Depth mm SD Rut Depth mm 26 The HDM Manager Prog
48. ing of potholes The unit cost of patching must be provided whenever a resealing operation is included in any maintenance policy whether or not patching is included as an operation Resealing cost per square meter It comprises two thin resurfacing operations which repair surface distress but cause little change to the roughness or structural strength of the pavement these operations are surface treatment i e chip seal and slurry seal Although resealing usually implies also prepararatoty patching the unit cost of resealing should not include the patching cost the two are computed separately as appropriate by the model Overlay cost per square meter It applies to bituminous overlays placed by mechanical paver finisher in a single layer Double layer asphaltic overlays of less than 125 mm thickness may be specified under this operation by regarding the two layers as one compound layer Reconstruction cost per square meter It applies in the model to all works that require re specification of the surfacing and base types and pavement thicknesses and strength parameters The cost should include the costs of scarification stripping base repair recompaction and resurfacing for an average rehabilitation operation Paved routine maintenance cost per kilometer per year This includes drainage maintenance vegetation control shoulder maintenance safety installations and other items which are not modelled as affecting the ride quality of
49. it was not possible to separate these effects in the study data they were combined in the parameter desired speed Unpaved Desired Speed The desired speed for unpaved roads in km h Energy Efficiency Factor Fuel efficiency factor dimensionless The sample of test vehicles Hourly Utilization Ratio Calibrated Eng Spd for the Brazil study was chosen before the two major oil crises in the early and late seventies that stimulated an unprecedented change in vehicle technology to improve fuel economy You can incorporate changes in vehicle technology through the energy efficiency factor This factor has a default value of 1 0 for makes and models close to the ones employed in the Brazil study You may specify lower values for newer more fuel efficient makes and models Some typical values are given below Cars 0 85 Pickups 0 95 Buses 0 95 Light trucks 0 95 Medium trucks 0 95 Heavy trucks 0 95 Articulated trucks 0 80 Hourly utilization ratio dimensionless The hourly utilization ratio is the ratio of the annual number of hours driven to the number of hours available for operation Calibrated engine speed in revolutions per minute You can estimate the calibrated engine speed CRPM from the maximum rated engine speed MRPM that is available from the vehicle manufacturer using the formula CRPM 0 75 MRPM where MRPM is the maximum rated engine speed in rpm Weibull Shape Parameter Weibull shape parameter for speed
50. ive and negative values Positive values indicate benefits savings and negative values indicate negative benefits increases in relation to the base strategy For each case study the sensitivity analysis option computes the net present value and the internal rate of return by multiplying the streams of net benefits by user specified factors and the given discount rate For example a vehicle operation factor of 0 8 represents taking in to account only 80 percent of the benefits related to vehicle operation The sensitivity analysis option computes the results with the multiplicative factors and discount rate that are currently stored on the memory of the system To change these parameters use the Edit Factors option Once you change these parameters the program computes again the results and presents them on the screen The new parameters will be saved on the memory of the system and will be used the next time you use this option To print save into an ASCII file or export the table to Lotus 1 2 3 select the Output Table option If you save or export the table the program asks for a filename Enter a legitimate DOS filename including a path and extension if necessary Select the Graph Table option to graph the table To print a graph you have the following options a to produce a screen Produce Project Summary Export Results The HDM Manager Program 33 dump to an Epson printer IBM Proprinter or HP LaserJet printer press the F7 ke
51. ld be included in the policy Enter Y to include gradings If you entered Y you should enter the following information Input to indicate if gradings should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Time interval between gradings in days Required only if gradings are scheduled Traffic interval between gradings in vehicles Required only if gradings are condition responsive Minimum applicable time interval between gradings in days Required only if gradings are condition responsive Maximum applicable time interval between gradings in days Required only if gradings are condition responsive Gradings cost factor SPOT REGRAVELLING Y N S R Gravel Volume Percent Replaced Max Gravel Volume Cost Factor RESURFACING Y N S R Input to indicate if spot regravelling should be included in the policy Enter Y to include spot regravellings If you entered Y you should enter the following information Input to indicate if spot regravellings should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Gravel volume in m3 km y Required only is spot regravelling is scheduled Percent annual material loss replaced in percent Required only if spot regravelling is condition responsive Maximum applicable gravel volume in m3 km y Required only if spot regravelling is conditi
52. les who motivated and guided its development 6 The HDM Manager Program The HDM Manager Program Introducing HDM Manager The Highway Design and Maintenance Standard Model HDM is a computer program for analyzing the total transport costs of alternative road improvement and maintenance strategies through life cycle economic evaluation The program provides detailed modeling of pavement deterioration and maintenance effects and calculates annual costs of road construction maintenance vehicle operation and travel time Accidents and other impacts can be added exogenously to the economic evaluation The first personal computer version of HDM released by the World Bank in 1989 is widely used in the evaluation of specific road proposals national or regional road investments analysis and road maintenance policy assessment The second personal computer version of HDM released by the World Bank in 1995 in this package maintains total compatibility with the previous HDM and addresses its significant limitation that it does not take account of traffic congestion and its effects on traffic speeds travel times and road user costs That is the 1995 HDM contains congestion analysis capabilities but maintains all the other characteristics of 1989 HDM The use of HDM was greatly simplified with the release by the World Bank of a user friendly shell environment called HDM Manager in 1992 The HDM Manager stores the input data efficiently crea
53. licable Year The HDM Manager Inputs 55 Y to include resealing If you entered Y you should enter the following information Input to indicate if resealing should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Resealing interval in years Required only if resealing is scheduled Maximum allowable total damaged area in percent The damaged area is defined as the sum of the all cracks area ravelled area and pothole area If this is specified the reseal will be carried out after the damaged area passes this threshold level Required only if resealing is condition responsive Minimum applicable resealing interval in years Required only if resealing is condition responsive Maximum applicable resealing interval in years Required only if resealing is condition responsive Resealing cost factor Resealing type The options are i 1 for surface treatment ii 2 for slurry seal and iii 3 for reseal with shape correction Resealing strength coefficient dimensionless A suggested value is 0 25 Resealing thickness in mm Last applicable year in number of years starting from the first year in the analysis period If this is specified the operation will not be carried out after that year Max Appl Roughness Maximum applicable roughness in IRI If this is specified the OVERLAY Y N S R Interval Max roughness Min Interval oper
54. life decreases somewhat as the vehicle speed increases The constant vehicle life method assumes the vehicle life to be constant irrespective of the vehicle speed and equal to the user specified baseline value Code that indicates the utilization method to be used Enter 1 for constant annual kilometerage method Enter 2 for constant annual hourly utilization method Enter 3 for adjusted utilization method The constant annual kilometerage method assumes that for each vehicle class the average annual kilometerage driven per vehicle is constant and equal to the user specified baseline km driven per year The constant annual hourly utilization method assumes that the average annual number of hours driven per vehicle is constant Thus the average annual kilometerage driven per vehicle is computed as the product of the user specified average number of hours driven per vehicle per year and the speed The adjusted utilization method assumes the annual kilometerage driven per year to be a function of the user specified baseline km and hours driven per year the vehicle speed and the hourly utilization ratio defined as the ratio of the annual number of hours driven to the number of hours available for operation The constant annual kilometerage method is recommended for cars while the adjusted utilization method is recommended for the other vehicle classes Annual real interest charge on the purchase of a new vehicle in percent ECONOMIC UNIT COSTS
55. n asphalt concrete RSAC roads 6 for open graded cold mix on surface treatment OCMS roads 7 for asphalt overlay or slurry seal on asphalt concrete and asphalt overlay on surface treatment OVSA roads Two of the surface types surface treatment and asphalt concrete apply to original new or reconstructed pavements The other types 40 The HDM Manager Inputs New Layers Thickness Old Layers Thickness BASE SUBGRADE Base Type Subgrade CBR define surfaces after a full width maintenance treatment or rehabilitation of an existing pavement Total thickness of the most recent surfacing layers or layer in mm Total thickness of previous underlying surfacing layers or layer in mm If aroad was constructed 20 years ago and an overlay was applied 5 years ago the layers or layer of the construction period are the old layers and the layers or layer of the overlay are the new layers Note that when a pavement surface is applied to a road it can be applied in one single layer or in more than one layer Code that indicates the base type The three base type codes are 1 for granular bases 2 for cement stabilized bases 3 bituminous bases The Califomia Bearing Ratio of the subgrade in percent It is determined at the equilibrium in situ conditions of moisture content and density Suggested values Poor roadbed soil 2 Fair roadbed soil 5 Good roadbed soil 10 Base Layers Thickness Thickness of base layer
56. nageData Set Filesza eo e RD e ERO ee TUS E toe eese Ue R oe te erae 35 Exiting th Program e ER vgn add a e eet e P telae dede rtp ache E ERR 35 Th DataSet Files eee ee ao a red e mee desee nir sounds esaet 35 4 The HDM Manager Program HDM Manager Gnd HDM Bem 35 THE HDM MANAGER INPUTS tette er ttem tede et ate litt e ET a SES a 37 The Input Data Analysis Control Road Characteristics Required Vehicle Characteristics Optional Vehicle Characteristics Operation XU ntt COSTS se aie SPERARE OUT ETERNA QU n re IRR ah NI E ERR quet Definition Of Strdle BIOS e eee ER trie Eee ERI REGE toe tede tese Hii tee ee reete iere Meets Paved Maintenance Policies hii Set b eei tuoi dts ad eee exei seamen tenes 53 Unpaved Maintenance Policies Construction Policies is Exogenous Gst Bnf Policies 4 eee iade ie reete pen pe OE THERE ao a Aa The HDM Manager Program 5 Acknowledgments The HDM Manager is a user friendly shell environment for the Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model HDM The core HDM model was developed by Thawat Watanatada Clell Harral William Paterson Ashok Dhareshwar Anil Bhandari Koji Tsunokawa Chris Hoban and Rodrigo Archondo Callao The development of the HDM Manager software and documentation benefited from comments of many individuals Special thanks go to Chris Hoban Gerard Liautaud Cesar Queiroz Roberto Armijo Koji Tsunokawa and Raymond Char
57. nd large buses Perceived friction ratio for paved roads dimensionless Perceived friction ratio for unpaved roads dimensionless Load parameter for adjusting perceived friction ratio for paved roads in tons 1 Load parameter for adjusting perceived friction ratio for unpaved roads in tons 1 Cost ratio of a retreading to a new tire in percent Wearable rubber volume per tire in dm3 Base number of recaps dimensionless Constant term of the tire tread wear model in dm3 Wear coefficient of the tire tread wear model in dm3 J M scale 10 2 Constant term of the parts consumption model dimensionless scale 10 6 Roughness exponent of the parts consumption model per QI scale 10 3 Transition roughness value in QI Constant term of the maintenance labor model dimensionless Parts exponent of the maintenance labor model dimensionless Roughness coefficient of the maintenance labor model per QI Description of the operation unit costs This description appears when you use the Get option to retrieve information stored in data files The program requests the financial operations unit costs and the economic operations unit costs in order to compute the road agency costs in financial and economic terms Financial costs represent the actual costs incurred by the agency in maintaining and investing in the road infrastructure Economic costs represent the real costs to the economy of that maintenance and investmen
58. ne maintenance pothole patching gradings and sport regravelling The vehicle operation costs are related to the fuel consumption lubricants consumption tire wear maintenance parts maintenance labor depreciation interest lost and crew time The travel time costs are related to the passenger time and cargo holding time The exogenous costs benefits costs are specified by the user Select the Economic Analysis option at the main menu to view the economic analysis performed by the HDM model When you select this option the following table appears 30 The HDM Manager Program eae een ae i ar Present Values and Internal Rate of Return i Present Values at First Second Third Fourth Fifth 12 0 Discount Rate Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategy Million Hise snesSs 1S SSe See pe Sr SSeS T SSS Sess i Dollars i i i Society i 37 20 32 85 33 21 33 61 34 04 Agency i 3 08 9 79 8 77 7 87 7 06 i Capital i 2 51 8 79 7 84 6 99 6 23 i Recurrent i 0 57 1 00 0 94 0 88 0 84 Road Users i 34 13 23 06 24 43 25 74 26 98 i Vehicle Operation 24 53 16 28 17 30 18 28 19 20 i Travel Time i 9 60 6 78 7 13 7 46 7 77 Exogenous Cst Bnf 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 i i Net Present Value I 0 00 4 35 4 00 3499 3416 Net Benefits i i i Rate of Return NA 18 9 19 2 19 3 19 3 i i 4 5 5 5 55 55 55555 5555 55 55 5555 Next Table Prev Table Select Table Graph T
59. oR 4 d i Analysis Control Deterioration tt yee eee ee te ee ee i i i a eee estate ed po 4 y ci Road Characteristics To User Impacts NES jo EAE aa ea i i i i eee uec R T4 HDM Model e sere ns Sea i i i i doc ue aa ae i Vehicle Fleet Data USE ican een sb paras Cost Streams 3d pa eal e m NE c i i i i eE R EE ha Pen Roag Strategies T Economic Analysis pe 4 d i i 4 4R Other Options Quit Program i 4 4 i i 4 2 2 2 Learning the To do a basic life cycle economic evaluation of a set of road agency strategies applied to a paved or unpaved road follow the Steps below Basics Step 1 Define the Analysis Control Enter the discount rate the analysis period the calendar year of the initial year and the currency to be used Step 2 Define the Road Characteristics Enter the road geometry road structure road condition environment daily traffic the traffic growth and congestion parameters Step 3 Define the Vehicle Fleet Data Enter the vehicle fleet characteristics and the vehicle operation unit costs Step 4 Define the Strategies Enter the maintenance operations an
60. oads and iv 6 for open graded Unpaved Maintenance Policies The HDM Manager Inputs 57 cold mix on surface treatment OCMS roads New Layers Thickness Total new surfacing layer thickness after reconstruction in mm Base Type Base type after reconstruction The options are i 1 for granular 11 2 for cement stabilized and iii 3 for bituminous Base Layer Thickness Base layer thickness in mm This is required only if the base is cement stabilized Resilient Modulus Resilient modulus of soil cement in GPA This is required only if the base is cement stabilized Construction Fault Construction fault code The options are i 0 for good construction and ii 1 for faulty construction Last Applicable Year Last applicable year in number of years starting from the first year in the analysis period If this is specified the operation will not be carried out after that year New Roughness Roughness after reconstruction in IRI Description Description of the unpaved maintenance policies set of inputs This description appears when you use the Retrieve option to retrieve information stored in data files Note that the data regarding an unpaved maintenance policy is stored in a data set file located in the hard disk and is accessed through its description Therefore each policy should have an unique file name and description The following inputs describe an unpaved maintenance policy Each policy is composed of one or more than
61. on responsive Spot regravelling cost factor Input to indicate if gravel resurfacings should be included in the policy Enter Y to include gravel resurfacings If you entered Y you should enter the following information Input to indicate if gravel resurfacings should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Constructio n Policies Interval Min Thickness Min Interval Max Interval Cost Factor Gravel Increase Last Applicable Year Initial Roughness Compaction Code Maximum Particle Size Passing 2 00 mm Sieve Passing 0 425 mm Sieve Passing 0 075 mm Sieve Plasticity Index Minimum Roughness Maximum Roughness Description Duration The HDM Manager Inputs 59 Resurfacing interval in years Required only if gravel resurfacings are scheduled Minimum allowable thickness in mm Required only if gravel resurfacings are condition responsive Minimum applicable resurfacing interval in years Required only if gravel resurfacings are condition responsive Maximum applicable resurfacing interval in years Required only if gravel resurfacings are condition responsive Gravel resurfacings cost factor Increase in gravel thickness in mm Last applicable year in number of years starting from the first year in the analysis period If this is specified the operation will not be carried out after that year Roughness after
62. one maintenance operation You define what maintenance operations should be included in the policy by placing a Y at the left side of the name of the operation to be included After you include an operation you have to decide if the operation would be scheduled at a certain time interval or if it would be activated in response to the condition of the road You make this decision by placing a S Scheduled or R Condition Responsive at the right side of the operation name Finally you have to enter the time interval or trigger point and the features of the operation being defined One operation feature that is present in all operations is the cost factor Whenever a maintenance operation is carried out in the simulation its cost will be the multiplication of the unit cost data defined in the Operation Unit Costs screen by the cost factor This allows for the definition of variations of the operation For example to consider different thicknesses materials or other characteristics ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Y N Input to indicate if routine maintenance should be included in the policy Note that routine maintenance is always included in an unpaved maintenance policy Therefore you can not change this input Cost Factor Routine maintenance cost factor 58 The HDM Manager Inputs GRADING Y N S R Time Interval Traffic Interval Min Interval Max Interval Cost Factor Input to indicate if gradings shou
63. operations included in the policy and the characteristics of the operations A paved maintenance policy is composed of Routine Maintenance and if wanted other maintenance operations Patching Reseal Overlay or Reconstruction Each maintenance operation can be scheduled at a certain time interval or activated in response to the condition of the road Note that the Routine Maintenance operation is always included and that you can have more than one operation in a policy To show that a certain operation should be included on the policy being defined enter a Y The HDM Manager Program 21 at the left column of the screen at the corresponding operation Otherwise enter N or leave it blank To select the type of operation Scheduled or Responsive place an R or S at right of the Scheduled or Responsive line If you select the Scheduled option enter the information at the Scheduled line lines and disregard the information on the Responsive line lines If you select the Responsive option enter the information at the Responsive line lines and disregard the Scheduled line lines In both cases Scheduled or Responsive options you should define the Features of the operation Unpaved Maintenance Policies When you select the Unpaved Maintenance Policies option at the Strategies menu the screen below appears The Unpaved Maintenance Policies menu is equal to the Paved Maintenance Policies menu Use the Edit option to edit the informa
64. ore it is installed in a directory called EBM HS For instructions regarding the EBM HS model refer to the EBM HS documentation To follow the HDM case studies refer to their documentation This document presents the HDM Manager soft ware and the input data 8 The HDM Manager Program Starting th HDM Manager e The HDM Manager is a program written for DOS that can be executed from within the Windows 3 1 environment This section and the following section present the procedures for starting the HDM Manager using DOS commands For instructions on how to install and execute the HDM Manager on Windows 3 1 refer to the section tilted Working with Windows 3 1 that is given after the DOS instructions sections Using all the Defaults To start the program using all the programs defaults following the Steps below Step 1 Change to the HDM MAN directory with the following DOS command CD HDM MAN Step 2 Run the HDM Manager with the command HDM MAN Storing Work Files in Other Directories The default setup of the HDM Manager is to store the input files and output files in the HDM MAN directory current directory If you want to store all the input and output files in another disk drive or directory work area directory to avoid mixing the program files with the data files procedure that is highly recommended start the program as follow Step 1 Change to the HDM MAN directory with the following DOS command CD HDM MAN Step 2
65. ormation Analysis Control Road Characteristics Vehicle Fleet Maintenance Unit Costs Policies and Strategies to be independent of each other assigning to each one a different The HDM Manager Program 15 extension Therefore you could use the same data set file name for all the input sets The road characteristics data is divided into the following three screen pages i page 1 contains the road type road geometry and environment data ii page 2 contains the road structure and condition data and iii page 3 contains the current traffic expected traffic growth and congestion parameters Note that the data requested on the second page changes as a function of the road type paved or unpaved road To move among the three pages use Next Page option or press the Page Up or Page Down keys When you use the Edit option you edit the page being displayed To edit another page you have to display the page and then use the Edit option again When you use the Print Keep and Get options you are working with the data of all three pages Therefore when you use the Keep option you are storing the data of all three pages into a single data set file and when you use the Print option you are printing all the road characteristics Note that in page three if you don t want to include a particular vehicle type in the analysis you should enter 0 zero in the corresponding average daily traffic ADT field Note also that in page two for paved roads yo
66. ors for Net Benefits Agency Capital 1 00 1 20 1 00 1 20 1 30 1 40 Agency Recurrent 1 00 1 20 1 00 1 20 1 30 1 40 Vehicle Operation 1 00 1 00 0 80 0 80 0 70 0 60 Travel Time 1 00 1 00 0 80 0 80 0 70 0 60 Exogenous Cst Bnf 1 00 1 00 0 80 0 80 0 70 0 60 r Ra cc peer ecran eee EA i Net Present Value 4 36 3 02 2 14 0 80 0 98 A e Rate of Return 18 90 16 10 15 50 13 10 10 70 8 40 i 4 5 5 5 55 5 55 555 5555555 555555 Edit Factors Graph Table Output Table Exit The sensitivity analysis screen shows the net present value and the internal rate of return for six case studies For each case study the discount rate and the multiplicative factors for net benefits used in the calculations are also shown For a given strategy the HDM model computes the net present value and the internal rate of return from a stream of total net benefits and the discount rate The stream of total net benefits represents the benefits of implementing the strategy in relation to implementing the base strategy first strategy The stream of total benefits is the sum of the following streams Net benefits related to savings in agency capital costs Net benefits related to saving in agency recurrent costs Net benefits related to savings in vehicle operation costs Net benefits related to savings in travel time costs Net benefits related to savings in exogenous costs benefits costs Note that the net benefits streams contain posit
67. ottom of the screen In this type of menu you should select an option using the arrow keys and the Enter key orby pressing the first letter of the selected option To modify any of the inputs use the Edit option The HDM Manager has three types of inputs 1 required inputs ii optional inputs and iii lookup table inputs The required inputs are displayed in Black and should be entered by the user The optional inputs are displayed in Purple and in this case if the user wants the HDM model to estimate an optional input as a function of other inputs the user can leave the input empty not zero The lookup table inputs are displayed in Brown and accept only a valid choice from a list of options Press the F10 key when the cursor is at the input field to display the list of valid options and select an option with the Enter key Note that you can not leave the lookup table inputs empty They are required inputs The information displayed on this type of screen Blue background is what will be used by the HDM model to compute the results The information on a screen is saved automatically in the memory of the system by HDM Manager each time you exit the screen with the Save Exit option That is if you use the Save Exit option to exit the screen and later you load the program and go back to the screen the information previously on the screen will be there You also have the option of storing in a file data set file the information currently on th
68. ou select this option the Road Characteristics screen shown Road below appears Characteris _ tics A SSeS See ese ae a See Road Characteristics Page 1 3 Description Gravel Road 1 in North Region Road Class Paved Unpaved U 1 i i 1 i 1 1 i i i GEOMETRY l Road Length km 100 0 Road Width m 6 0 One Shoulder Width m 0 4 Effective Number of Lanes Y Rise amp Fall m km 40 0 Curvature deg km 100 0 Superelevation 0 0 i ENVIRONMENT 1 Altitude m 500 Rainfall m month 0 0300 1 1 i 1 i i f i 1 i i 1 i i i i TA R me e iQ ee a ge ee E AURIS E EP EE Next Page Edit Print Keep Get Save Exit The Road Characteristics menu is similar to the Analysis Control menu Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Keep option to store the information into a data set file for future use the Get option to retrieve a data set information and the Save Exit option to save the current information and return to the main menu If you decide to store the current information using the Keep option in a data set file you can give to the road characteristics data set file name the same data set file name given to an Analysis Control Vehicle Fleet Maintenance Unit Costs Road Agency Policies or a Road Agency Strategies data set That is the HDM Manager program considers each set of inf
69. oughness units Sayers M W T D Gillespie and W D O Paterson Guidelines for Conducting and Calibrating Road Roughness Measurements Technical Paper No 46 The World Bank Washington DC 1986 Construction Fault Code indicating the construction quality The options are Oif the surfacing has not construction faults lifthe surfacing has construction faults Wide Cracks Area Total area of wide cracking comprising the area of the interconnected or line cracks of 3 mm crack width or greater with spalling equivalent 42 The HDM Manager Inputs All Cracks Area Ravelling Area Pothole Area to AASHTO Class 4 in percent of the total carriageway area Total area of all cracking comprising wide and narrow cracking in percent of the total carriageway area Note that narrow cracks area is the area of the interconnected or line cracks of 1 3 mm crack width equivalent to AASHTO Class 2 Area of loss of material from wearing surface in percent of the total carriageway area Area of open cavities in road surface with at lest 150 mm diameter and at least 25 mm depth in percent of the total carriageway area Note that a road in poor condition with a series of potholes will have around 1 0 one percent of pothole area Note that the area of any distress cracks ravelling and potholes is the sum of rectangular areas circumscribing the manifest distress and that for line cracks a width dimension of 0 5 m is assigned The dis
70. r Vehicle payload in tons Suggested range values for payloads Car Pickups Buses Light trucks Medium trucks Heavy trucks Articulated trucks 0 to 0 4 Oto 1 4 0 to 4 5 0 to 3 5 Oto 11 0 0 to 16 0 0 to 32 0 Aerodynamic drag coefficient dimensionless Suggested range values for aerodynamic drag coefficients Cars amp Pickups Buses Trucks 0 3 to 0 6 0 6 to 0 7 0 8 to 1 0 Projected frontal area of the vehicle in m2 Suggested range values for frontal areas Car Pickups Buses Light trucks Medium trucks Heavy trucks Articulated trucks 1 5 to 2 4 2 3 to 3 2 6 0 to 7 0 3 0 to 5 0 5 0 to 8 0 5 0 to 8 0 5 5 to 10 0 Maximu m used driving power in metric hp Suggested range values for driving powers Car Pickups Buses 25 to 100 35 to 100 80 to 120 Braking Power Paved Desired Speed The HDM Manager Inputs 49 Light trucks 50 to 100 Medium trucks 80 to 120 Heavy trucks 80 to 120 Articulated trucks 180 to 230 You can estimate the maximum driving power HPDRIVE from the maximum rated power of a vehicle that is available from the vehicle manufacturer HPRATED Based on the test vehicles data from the Brazil study separate relationships were developed for gasoline and diesel vehicles For gasoline vehicles HPDRIVE 2 0 HPRATED For diesel vehicles HPDRIVE 0 7 HPRATED where HPRATED is the SAE maximum rated power of the vehicle Note that since HPRATED is usually quoted
71. r construction in years Roughness of the unpaved road in IRI Suggested values based on a 44 The HDM Manager Inputs Compaction Code SURFACE Minimum Roughness Maximum Roughness Maximum Particle Size Plasticity Index Passing 2 0 mm Sieve Passing 0 425 mm Sieve qualitative evaluation of the ride quality of the road Smooth unpaved road 4 Reasonably smooth unpaved road 8 Medium rough unpaved road 12 Rough unpaved road 15 Very rough unpaved road 20 Code that indicate if mechanical compaction was used during construction or rehabilitation A code equal to 1 indicates with mechanical compaction and a code equal to 0 indicates without mechanical compaction Minimum roughness of unpaved road surfacing material in IRI Maximum roughness of unpaved road surfacing material in IRI Maximum particle size of the material defined as the equivalent sieve opening through which 95 percent of material passes in mm Plasticity index of the material in percent Amount of material passing the 2 0 mm sieve or ASTM No 10 sieve in percent by mass Amount of material passing the 0 525 mm sieve or ASTM No 40 sieve in percent by mass Passing 0 0075 mm Sieve Amount of material passing the 0 075 mm sieve or ASTM No 200 SUBGRADE Minimum Roughness Maximum Roughness Maximum Particle Size Plasticity Index Passing 2 0 mm Sieve Passing 0 425 mm Sieve sieve in percent by mass Minimum roughness of unpave
72. ram Modified Structural Number Surface Type Gravel Thickness Two Way Average Daily Traffic Two Way Annual Equivalent Standard Axles 000 First Strategy Deterioration Second Strategy Deterioration Third Strategy Deterioration Fourth Strategy Deterioration Fifth Strategy Deterioration The tables display the first 15 years To display the next years years 16 to 25 press the Page Down key and to display again years 1 to 15 press the Page Up key To display the next table select the Next Table option and to display a previous table select the Previous Table option To display a particular table use the Select Table option Note that the last five tables present all the deterioration characteristics for each strategy see example below dno First Strategy Grade Every 120 Days i i Oper Rough All Wide Rave Potho Rut Gra Annual i atio ness Crck Crck lled les Dpth Mod Sur vel 2 Way 2 Way i Year ns IRI Ej E Ej mm SN face mm ADT ESA 000 ies Sey ices hee SEES ed A nencaurnue pee tans ee Sanne sea einer i 1 1995 1 2 GRAV 22 200 23 8 2 1996 2 0 GRAV 93 207 24 5 1 3 1997 22 GRAV 64 215 25 3 4 1998 RESU 2 4 GRAV 84 223 26 0 E 531999 0 8 GRAV 54 231 26 8 i 6 2000 0 GRAV 22 239 27 6 i 7 2001 2 GRAV 90 248 28 4 8 2002 4 GRAV 57 258 29 3 9 2003 RESU 6 GRAV 74 267 30 2 110 2004 4 GRAV 40 277 Art i11 2005 9 GRAV 05 287 32 0 112 2006 2 1 GRAV 69 298 3920 113 20
73. rate the vehicle operating costs model Remember that if you want to change any of the default values supplied by the HDM model you should enter the new values otherwise leave the fields blank not zero For detailed information on the information requested at the Vehicle Fleet Data option refer to the HDM manuals The HDM manuals describe each input item the units used and the valid range This option contains the vehicle fleet characteristics required by HDM series D in HDM The HDM Manager program adopts the Brazil vehicle operating costs relationships of HDM and defines seven types of vehicles The number of vehicle types defined is fixed by the HDM Manager program Therefore while the full HDM program allows you to change the number of vehicle types and their names these cannot be changed through the HDM Manager The HDM Manager allows you to change the characteristics of each of the seven defined vehicle types and if in your analysis you don t want to include a particular vehicle type enter 0 zero in the corresponding average daily traffic ADT field at the Road Characteristics option Note also that the currency used to enter the unit costs is defined in the Analysis Control screen Select the Strategies option at the main menu to define the road agency strategies to be evaluated in the HDM run This option displays the Strategies Menu screen shown below You have six options 1 enter the maintenance and construction operations
74. rieve information stored in data files If you plan to a create the EBM input file the first four characters of the description should be the road code project code needed by the EBM program to identify the road Road Type Code to identify the road type Enter P to specify a paved road or U to specify an unpaved road Note that the second page of the road characteristics inputs changes as a function of the road type PAVED AND UNPAVED ROADS GEOMETRY Road Length Road length in kilometers Note that the minimum length possible is 1 kilometer Road Width Carriageway width in meters One Shoulder Width Width of one shoulder in meters Effective Number Effective number of lanes If value is not specified the program of Lanes estimates the effective number of lanes as a function of the road width Estimated values 1 0 if width 4 5 m 1 5 if 4 5 m lt width lt 6 0 m 2 0 if 6 5 m lt width lt 8 0 m 3 0 if 8 0 m lt width lt 11 0 m 4 0 if 11 0 gt width Rise Plus Fall Aggregate measure of the vertical gradient of a road in m km It is defined as the sum of the absolute values in meters of all ascents and all descents along a road divided by the length of the road in kilometers Suggested values Flat terrain 0 Level terrain 10 Rolling terrain 20 Curvature Superelevation ENVIRONMENT Altitude Rainfall PAVED ROADS SURFACE Surface Type The HDM Manager Inputs 39 Hilly terrain 50 Mountainous terrain
75. s in the original pavement in mm Note that Resilient Modulus STRENGTH Structural Number this input is only required if the base is cement stabilized Resilient modulus of soil cement in Gpa Note that this input is only required if the base is cement stabilized Measure of pavement strength that summarize the complex interactions between material types and stiffness The structural number AASHTO is defined as a linear combination of layer strength coefficients and thicknesses of the individual layers above the subgrade Typical values Surface treatment 12 mm road 1 0 Surface treatment 25 mm road 15 Asphalt Concrete 5 cm road 2 0 Asphalt Concrete 8 cm road 3 0 Asphalt Concrete 10 cm road 40 Asphalt Concrete 15 cm road 5 5 Note that the roads described above are classified only by the surface thickness with the assumption of having proper base layers In the computation of the structural number the thicknesses of all layers above the subgrade should be taken into account The HDM Manager Inputs 41 Benkelman Deflection The mean Benkelman Beam rebound deflection of the surfacing in both wheelpaths under 80 KN standard axle load 520 kPa tire pressure and 30 C average asphalt temperature in mm Note that you can enter both the structural number and the Benkelman Bean deflection or you can enter only one of these values If you enter only one of these values the other will be estimated by the HDM Model as a fun
76. s starting from the first year in the analysis period If this is specified the operation will not be carried out after that year Roughness After Overlay Road roughness after the overlay is applied in IRI If this is RECONSTRUCTION Y N S R Interval Max Roughness Min Interval Max Interval Cost Factor specified you will overwrite the roughness after overlay value estimated by the model Input to indicate if reconstructions should be included in the policy Enter Y to include reconstructions If you entered Y you should enter the following information Input to indicate if reconstructions should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Reconstruction interval in years Required only if reconstructions are scheduled Maximum allowable roughness in IRI If this is specified the reconstruction will be carried out after the roughness passes this threshold roughness level Required only if reconstructions are condition responsive Minimum applicable reconstruction interval in years Maximum applicable reconstruction interval in years Reconstruction cost factor New Structural NumberStructural number after reconstruction dimensionless Surface Type Surface type after reconstruction The options are i 1 for surface treatment ST roads ii 2 for asphalt Concrete AC roads iii 3 for slurry on surface treatment SSST r
77. s the F10 key while the cursor is positioned at the description field When you press the F10 key at a policy description field the program lists all the available policies in your policies data bank stored in your work area directory Select a policy by highlighting it and pressing the enter key Note that the first strategy is the strategy defined by the HDM Manager as the base strategy do minimum case That is the HDM Manager computes the economic benefits of implementing the other strategies in relation to implementing the first strategy Runni ng the After defining all the input data run the HDM model using the HDM Model option This option creates all the input data files required by HDM runs the HDM model automatically HDM Model and after the HDM run is completed collects the HDM results Note that you need 3 5 Mb of The HDM Manager Program 25 empty hard disk to store the temporary files created by the HDM model These temporary files are erased automatically when you exit the HDM Manager If there is an input data or system error detected by the HDM model the HDM model will not generate the results The HDM Manager program indicates this fact by giving you a error message If there is an input data error you should locate it by viewing the output HDM scan files Use the Other Options option at the main menu and select Manage HDM Output Files View the SCAN 1 file to locate errors on the Analysis Control and Road Characterist
78. sent Value Project Internal Rate of Return The economic road agency costs are the sum of the capital and recurrent costs The economic road user costs are in this table the sum of the vehicle operation travel time costs and exogenous costs benefits Note that if you export the summary report to Lotus 1 2 3 it will also present the financial agency costs of the project This option allows you to export the results to Lotus 1 2 3 Dbase and EBM formats You can create a Detailed Lotus 1 2 3 Table see Annex 2 a Summary Lotus 1 2 3 Table see Annex 3 a Dbase Table or an EBM input file When you select a Lotus 1 2 3 table the program asks for a filename Enter a legitimate DOS filename including a path if necessary Note that you don t have to include the WK1 extension in the filename The Lotus 1 2 3 tables can be used to prepare plots or charts or perform further analysis of the results When you select the Dbase Results Table the following input screen appears 34 The HDM Manager Program teete Create Dbase Results Table tassaae Sessa eas Saas ese tt i bd oH FILE TO bet AE BE CREATED s boi bd H DOS filename MANAGER3 GRAV DBF if Road code GRAV l7 i ii Strategy 1 code GRAD el Strategy 2 code PAVI tf i Strategy 3 code PAVI EN Strategy 4 code PAVI it i Strategy 5 code PAVI BOA boi bd i ur EI ae a eg LUC a CL eae bd i bd i Road Name Gravel Road 1 in North Region p f i Strategy
79. seseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseaeseceseaeseaeseaeseaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaes 9 Working With Windows 3 1 3 dcs beheben aee exei ipse 10 The Main Menus se de t E UN ERR TEE cetera aaa aaa HERES ERSTER NN 10 Learning ihe BASICS e te e a E ERR RR RR NERA ORAE REA RUIN ERE ERE Ee ade 11 The Road Agency Strategiesss seed ee ede E E aaa aetna eid Re A a Nes 12 Defining the UIR 0112 8 1 AEE i EIEEE e AE EENE EEEE Defining Road Characteristies secet e EEA E EEEO EEE RRA Defining Vehicle Fleet Data ee o ee TUNE AEE E A R stata Working witliStrat 91e3 5c iE tes eit KEEA nix E SNENA tet d EEAS A Uo EE AE AR NOTE Defin Opera ons Unit COS S ate fette nee tI ed tae ae ba ie efte Define Policies Data B nk t Yer eerte Define Strategies Running the HDM Model Viewing the Road Deterioration Viewing the User Impacts sss Vie WING ThE COSPStFeAms zoe P SR x en a Ed E e aie e tenent Viewing the Economic Analysis sa dei OP ettet diete nea E Deere eene ueh aene etse SEENE 29 Working with Other Options iod mee hber est deest 30 Perform Sensitivity Analysis sie true CU ET E lease See ELE e E NENEN eee REN E 3 Produce Project SUMMAT eee NUTS NORTE casa EE E O ERST 33 Export Results uie ee tede pre d n ec iret b ema e dete CORE 33 Manages DM Output Files i i tee aa EUREN hecarviavareoseqntescivineaes 34 Edit Congestion Paranieters4 aee e a EE EEEE Un esos saea e REAPER ee a ada ese EUER RAIN ERR 35 Ma
80. shington D C Transportation Department World Bank 1987 Watanatada T and others The Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model Volume 2 User s Manual for the HDM III Model Washington D C Transportation Department World Bank 1987 Chris Hoban and others Economic Analysis of Road Projects with Congested Traffic Washington D C Infrastructure Department World Bank 1995 The HDM Manager has the following three types of inputs Required Optional Lookup Table Description Run Date Discount Rate Analysis Period Initial Calendar Year Input Currency The required inputs are displayed in Black You should enter these inputs The optional inputs are displayed in Purple You can leave these inputs blank not zero if you want the HDM Model to estimate these inputs as a function of other inputs or collect default values The lookup table inputs are displayed in Brown These inputs accept only a valid choice from a list of options To display the lookup table press the F10 key when the cursor is at the input field Description of the run This description appears in all the reports produced by the HDM Manager and when you use the Get option to retrieve information stored in data files Calendar day month and year of the run This information appears on all the reports produced by the HDM Manager Discount rate used to compute the present value of the costs and benefits streams in percent For dev
81. ss Age Cracking Initiation Cracking Progression Ravelling Initiation Pothole Progression Environmental roughness age term in the roughness prediction model Suggested values for different environments Arid Tropical Nonfreezing 0 220 Arid Subtropical Nonfreezing 0 440 Arid Temperate Freezing 1 090 Semiarid Tropical Nonfreezing 0 440 Semiarid Subtropical Nonfreezing 0 700 Semiarid Temperate Freezing 1 520 Subhumid Tropical Nonfreezing 1 000 Subhumid Subtropical Nonfreezing 1 300 Subhumid Temperate Freezing 2 170 Humid Tropical Nonfreezing 1 300 Humid Subtropical Nonfreezing 1 740 Humid Temperate Freezing 3 040 Linear multiplier of the prediction of cracking initiation Linear multiplier of the prediction of cracking progression Linear multiplier of the prediction of ravelling initiation Linear multiplier of the prediction of pothole progression Roughness Progression Linear multiplier of the prediction of roughness progression Rut Depth Progression Linear multiplier of the prediction of rut depth progression UNPAVED ROADS CONDITION Gravel Thickness Gravel Age Road Roughness Current gravel thickness in mm If the current gravel thickness is 0 zero the road will be treated as an earth road That is the surface information will be disregarded and the model will compute the road roughness given the subgrade properties Time in years since last regravelling o
82. stored in data files The Manager requires that you define the five strategies to be evaluated For each strategy you have to enter the following information Description Description of the strategy This description appears in all the reports produced by the HDM Manager If you plan to create the EBM input file the first four characters of the description should be the strategy code alternative code needed by the EBM program to identify the strategy Each strategy is composed of one ore more than one policy For each policy a line in the definition of strategies to be included in the strategy enter the following information Starting Year The starting calendar year of the policy to be part of the strategy Policy Description of the policy to be activated in the specified starting calendar year To obtain a list of valid policies press the F10 key when the cursor is placed in the corresponding policy input field Note that the HDM Manager displays all the policies stored in the work area directory That is the directory that was specified when you started the HDM Manager If you can not locate your previously defined policies make sure that you starting the program properly Description Description of the paved maintenance policy This description appears when you use the Retrieve option to retrieve information stored in data files Note that the data regarding a paved maintenance policy is stored in a data set file located in the
83. t a fixed time interval or activated in response to the condition of the road You define the paved maintenance policies unpaved maintenance policies construction policies and exogenous costs benefits policies that should belong to your policies data bank These policies are stored in data set files with unique file names and should have unique and clear descriptions to identify the policies at the Definition of Strategies phase 20 The HDM Manager Program Paved Maintenance Policies When you select the Paved Maintenance Policies option at the Strategies menu the screen below appears qexesc tecA Data Bank Paved Maintenance Policies Page 1 3 Description Yes No Y ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Features Cost factor 1 00 N PATCHING Scheduled or Responsive R Scheduled Area to be patched m2 km y Responsive Percent of pothole area to be patched Maximum applicable area m2 km y Features Cost factor 1 00 Last applicable year Maximum applicable roughness IRI N RESEALING Scheduled or Responsive R Scheduled Resealing interval y Responsive Maximum allowable total damaged area 0 0 Minimum applicable resealing interval y Maximum applicable resealing interval y i i ci DIET E ee aa P D E ee C ICI CIE rdc ee Next Page Edit Print Save Retrieve Exit The Paved M
84. tes all the required HDM input files runs the HDM program collects the results and presents the results in a practical way The first version of HDM Manager evaluated only paved roads maintenance projects and the second version was improved to evaluate maintenance and construction projects for paved and unpaved roads The HDM Manager being presented in this package is the third version It is designed to manage the inputs and outputs of the current 1995 HDM and optionally the inputs and outputs of the previous HDM model It also implements all the suggestions for improvements given by the HDM Manager 2 1 users specially regarding the presentation of the results While you can use the HDM Manager alone for demonstration purposes it cannot analyze new options or save new data without the presence of the 1995 or 1989 HDM models On the other hand you could use the HDM models alone without the need for the HDM Manager A procedure that is not recommended for new HDM users because of cumbersome process involved in using the HDM software The HDM Manager is a user friendly shell environment for HDM It is designed to evaluate a set of road agency strategies applied to paved and unpaved roads The program computes for each of the road agency strategies being evaluated the road deterioration the cost streams agency costs road user costs and total society costs and the economic indicators net present value of net benefits and the internal rate of re
85. the gravel resurfacing in IRI Code that indicate if mechanical compaction was used during the gravel resurfacing A code equal to 1 indicates with mechanical compaction and a code equal to 0 indicates without mechanical compaction Maximum particle size of the material defined as the equivalent sieve opening through which 95 percent of material passes in mm Amount of material passing the 2 0 mm sieve or ASTM No 10 sieve in percent by mass Amount of material passing the 0 525 mm sieve or ASTM No 40 sieve in percent by mass Amount of material passing the 0 075 mm sieve or ASTM No 200 sieve in percent by mass Plasticity index of the material in percent Minimum roughness of unpaved road surfacing material in IRI Maximum roughness of unpaved road surfacing material in IRI Description of the construction policy This description appears when you use the Retrieve option to retrieve information stored in data files Note that the data regarding a construction policy is stored in a data set file located in the hard disk and is accessed through its description Therefore each policy should have an unique file name and description Construction duration in years The duration of a construction 60 The HDM Manager Inputs Exogenous Cst Bnf Policies Cost Streams Salvage Value Cost Factor Road Characteristics Generated Traffic Description Costs Benefits Stream can be from one to five years
86. the pavement A lump sum cost per year is Definition of Strategies Paved Maintenance Policies The HDM Manager Inputs 53 used as the basis for costing routine maintenance Note that the cost of the operations described above are entered in the currency specified in the Analysis Control If your costs do not fit the input fields you should change the input currency at the Analysis Control For example instead of using pesos you could use thousands of pesos as your input currency Construction Construction cost per kilometer It includes new construction widening realignment or some other form of upgrading Note that the cost for this operation is entered in thousands of the currency defined in the Analysis Control Note that the unit costs entered are the costs for a particular user defined operation For example the financial unit cost for an overlay could be set to 8 00 m2 the thickness and the material being defined by the user This cost for example may be based on a 40 mm asphalt concrete overlay but these details are not shown in the input screen The cost for a particular operation can be adjusted by a cost factor to consider variations on the defined operation for example to consider different thicknesses or materials in the definition of maintenance and construction policies Description Description of the of set of five strategies This description appears when you use the Get option to retrieve information
87. the previous section Start the HDM Manager To start the HDM Manager and access the 1989 HDM program change to the HDM MAN directory with the following DOS command CD HDM MAN and start the program with any of the following DOS commands a To start the program with all the defaults HDM3 MAN b To store the data files in the directory xxxxx HDM3 MAN xxxxx replace xxxxx with the work area directory c To store the data files in the directory xxxxx and to display the monochrome palette HDM3 MAN xxx M 10 The HDM Manager Program Working with replace xxxxx with the work area directory The HDM Manager is a program written for DOS that can be executed from within the Windows 3 1 environment To use the HDM Manager under Window you first need to add an icon to Windows that when activated will execute the HDM Manager To install the HDM Windows 3 1 Manager under Windows follow the steps below The Main Menu Step 1 Select the File menu at the Windows Program Manager Step 2 Select the New option at the File menu Step 3 Select Program Item at the New Program Object dialog box Step 4 Enter the following information at the Pro gram Item Properties dialog box Description HDM Manager 3 0 Command Line HDM MAN xxxx Working Directory CAHDM MAN Shortcut Key None where xxxx should be replaced by the work area directory for example HDM MAN c hdmcase1 Note that when you are defining an icon for the HDM Manager you speci
88. tion the Print option to print the information the Save option to save the information in a file the Retrieve option to retrieve previously saved information for editing or viewing purposes and the Exit option to return to the previous menu When you use the Save option you are requested to enter a six digit character file name and when you use the Retrieve option the program displays a list of the previously saved policies qexesc Ree4 Data Bank Unpaved Maintenance Policies Page 1 2 Description Yes No Y ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Features Cost factor 1 00 N GRADING Scheduled or Responsive R Scheduled Time interval between gradings d 0 Responsive Traffic interval between grading vet 0 Minimum applicable time interval d Maximum applicable time interval d i i i i i 1 i 1 i 1 i i i i i i N SPOT REGRAVELLING Scheduled or Responsive R i i i i i FS Features Cost factor 1 00 Scheduled Gravel volume m3 km y 0 0 Responsive Percent annual material loss replaced Maximum applicable gravel volume m3 km y Features Cost factor 1 00 ICI I Eri ANEB en ee EE ee Next Page Edit Print Save Retrieve Exit Remember that the inputs in Black are required inputs the inputs in Purple are optional you can leave them blank not zero to be estimated by HDM and the inputs in Brown are obtained from a list of valid options press F10
89. tresses are expressed as percentage of the total carriageway area Suggested values for surface distress Asphalt Concrete Roads No Surface Distress Wide Cracks Area 0 All Cracks Area 0 Ravelling Area 0 Pothole Area 0 Surface Treatment Roads No Surface Distress Wide Cracks Area 0 All Cracks Area 0 Ravelling Area 0 Pothole Area 0 Rut Depth Rut Depth STD Medium Surface Distress 15 25 0 0 01 Medium Surface Distress 15 25 50 0 01 High Surface Distress 60 75 0 1 0 High Surface Distress 60 75 15 1 0 Average of the measures of maximum depth under a 1 2 m straightedge placed transversely across a wheelpath in mm Standard deviation of rut depth measures across both wheel paths in mm Suggested values for rut depth and standard deviation of rut depth measures Rut Depth mm Rut Depth STD mm Low High Rut Depth Rut Depth 5 15 2 6 HISTORY Surfacing Age Construction Age Previous Wide Cracks The HDM Manager Inputs 43 Number of years elapsed since latest reseal overlay pavement reconstruction or new construction in years Number of years elapsed since latest overlay pavement reconstruction or new construction in years Area of wide cracks before the latest reseal or overlay in percent of the total carriageway area Note that this information is required only if there are old surfacing layers DETERIORATION FACTORS Roughne
90. ts where adjustments are made to allow for market price distortions such as taxes foreign exchange restrictions labor wage laws etc Inflation should not be accounted for in the evaluation because we are 52 The HDM Manager Inputs UNPAVED ROADS Grading Spot Regraveling Gravel Resurfacing Unp Routine Maint PAVED ROADS Patching Resealing Overlay Reconstruction Paved Routine Maint assuming that the cost components considered in the economic evaluation are subjected to the same inflation rate over the analysis period Constant prices as applicable to the first calendar year of the analysis period should be used Grading cost per km of road graded Spot regraveling cost per cubic meter Spot regraveling provides repair to areas of severe depression gravel loss rutting etc Gravel resurfacing costs per cubic meter Unpaved routine maintenance cost per kilometer per year This includes drainage maintenance vegetation control shoulder maintenance safety installations and other items which are not modelled as affecting the ride quality of the pavement A lump sum cost per year is used as the basis for costing routine maintenance Patching cost per square meter This includes mainly surface patching and repair of surfacing distress Included are skin patches of binder and stone or slurry seal on cracked or ravelled areas the replacement of the surfacing in small severely cracked areas and the fill
91. turn used to compare the set of road agency strategies As a result the user obtains the strategy that yields the highest benefits to society and if there is a budgetary constraint the user obtains the optimal strategy as a function of the budget constraint HDM Manager incorporates most but not all the features of HDM The main HDM features not included in this version are the following i division of roads to be evaluated links into sections and subdivision of sections into subsections ii use of alternative vehicle operating costs relationships and iii variable number of strategies to be evaluate in each run To access The 1995 HDM System Installing 1995 HDM System The HDM Manager Program 7 any of these features you would have to run the HDM model independently from the HDM Manager following its instructions The HDM Manager 3 0 is compatible with the HDM Manager 2 1 That is the HDM Manager 3 0 reads data files created with the HDM Manager 2 1 and both produce the same results if the congestion analysis of the 1995 HDM model is disabled The new features of HDM Manager 3 0 are a manages 1995 HDM new congestion inputs b new user impacts output box c new cost benefits policies option d new sensitivity analysis option e new economic analysis indicators f ADT of cars can be higher than 9999 g improved graphics h new option for saving graphics and 1 use of extended memory if available The 1995 HDM system disk
92. u can not change this input Cost Factor Routine maintenance cost factor PATCHING Y N Input to indicate if patching should be included in the policy Enter Y to include patching If you entered Y you should enter the following information S R Input to indicate if patching should be scheduled or condition responsive Enter S for scheduled and R for condition responsive Area to Patch Area to be patched in m2 km y Required only if patching is scheduled Pothole Area to Patch Pothole area to be patched per year in percent Required only if patching is condition responsive Max Applicable Area Maximum applicable area to patch per year independently of the percent of pothole area to be patched per year in m2 km y Required only if patching is condition responsive Cost Factor Patching cost factor Last Applicable Year Last applicable year in number of years starting from the first year in the analysis period If this is specified the operation will not be carried out after that year Max Appl Roughness Maximum applicable roughness in IRI If this is specified the operation will not be carried out after the roughness passes this threshold roughness level RESEALING Y N Input to indicate if resealing should be included in the policy Enter S R Interval Max Damaged Area Min Interval Max Interval Cost factor Resealing Type Resealing Strength Resealing Thickness Last App
93. u have the option of entering both the Structural Number and the Benkelman Beam deflection or just either one of these variables leaving the other blank This is an exceptional requirement for optional data purple inputs Defini ng Select the Vehicle Fleet Data option at the main menu to enter the vehicle fleet characteristics to be used in the HDM run When you select this option the Vehicle Fleet Data menu shown Veh icle Fleet below appears Data i i i 4 2 tee See eS o cd Optional Parameters i i Vehicle Fleet Data tee ese eee i 4R i i i Exit i 4 4 2 You have three options i enter the required parameters ii enter the optional parameters or iii exit the menu Select an option using the arrow keys and the Enter key or by pressing the first letter of the selected option When you select the Required Parameters option the Vehicle Fleet Data Required Parameters screen shown below appears 16 The HDM Manager Program Description Required Data for North Region Light Medium Heavy Artic BASIC CHARACTERISTICS Car Pickup Bus Truck Truck Truck Truck Gross Vehicle Weight t 1 200 1 800 10 900 5 600 11 300 20 800 27 000 ESAl Factor per Veh E4 0 000 0 010 0 500 0 100 1 000 3 000 5 000 Number of Axles 2 2 2
94. u use the Save option you are requested to enter a six digit character file name and when you use the Retrieve option the program displays a list of previously saved policies The HDM Manager Program 23 pe ork ae a Data Bank Exogenous Cst Bnf Policies i Description i i Year Costs or Benefits Year Costs or Benefits 1 Million Currency Million Currency i 0 00 14 0 00 i i 2 0 00 15 0 00 i i 3 0 00 16 0 00 i i 4 0 00 17 0 00 i i 5 0 00 18 0 00 i i 6 0 00 19 0 00 i i 7 0 00 20 0 00 i i 8 0 00 21 0 00 i i 9 0 00 22 0 00 i 10 0 00 23 0 00 i ls e 0 00 24 0 00 i 12 0 00 25 0 00 i F 13 0 00 i i 1 i Note The input currency is defined in the Analysis Control Data Edit Print Save Retrieve Exit The Exogenous Costs Benefits Policies option defines a stream of extra costs or benefits to be activated when the policy is activated in the definition of strategies phase The years in these policies are relative years That is year one represents the year the policy is activated year two the following year and so on Note that to assign extra benefits to a strategy you should enter negative values and to assign extra costs you should enter positive values Define Strategies The HDM Manager evaluates and compares five road agency strategies at a time Each strategy is composed of one or more than one road agency policy that is valid for a certain period The program always analy
95. unit costs ii define the road agency strategies iii define a library of paved road maintenance policies iv define a library of unpaved road maintenance policies v define a library of construction 18 The HDM Manager Program policies and vi define a library of exogenous costs benefits policies Paved Maintenance Policies ooo i i i i Operations Unit Costs i Pedet a i i i i i i i h Definition of Strategies 1 4o i i i i i i Policies Data Bank i i i i i sala a i at i i Unpaved Maintenance Policies i i Strategies paR i Construction Policies i i que UC A EM i i Exogenous Cst Bnf Policies i A ETE LR EIU ILI uiia E Er EI LEE H i i Exit 4 To define the road agency strategies to be evaluated follow the steps below Define Operations Unit Costs Define the maintenance and construction operations unit costs The Operations Unit Costs menu is similar to the Analysis Control menu see below Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Keep option to store the information into a data set file for future use the Get option to retrieve a data set information and the Save Exit option to save the current information and return to the previous menu The unit costs ent
96. y Strategy Strategy Strategy i E r r a O E E a E dee i P1995 Car i 0 25 0 27 0 27 052 0 27 t i 2 1996 Car 0 26 0 17 0 29 0 29 0 29 i 3 1997 Car i 0 27 0 17 0 17 0 29 0 29 i i 4 1998 Car i 0 27 0 17 0 17 015 0 30 i 5 1999 Car i 0 25 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 17 i i 6 2000 Car i 0 25 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 17 i 7 2001 Car 0 25 0 18 0 17 0 17 0 17 i i 8 2002 Car i 0 26 0 18 0 18 0 17 0 17 i E 9 2003 Car i 0 26 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 17 i i 10 2004 Car f 0 26 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 i 11 2005 Car i 0 26 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 i i 12 2006 Car i 0 27 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 l i 13 2007 Car i 0 27 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 i i 14 2008 Car i 0 26 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 i 15 2009 Car i 0 27 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 i 4 5 5 5 55 55 5 5 55555 5 55555 Next Table Prev Table Select Table Graph Table Output Table Exit The table presents the unit vehicle operating plus travel time costs road user costs for all five strategies and for all vehicles The tables display the first 15 years for the first vehicle To display the next years years 16 to 25 and the next vehicles press the Page Down key and to display again years 1 to 15 and the previous vehicles press the Page Up key This table is one of several tables available The tables available at this option are the following Road user costs per vehicle km operating costs plus travel time Average annual speed km hr Free speed km hr Average annual speeds as percent of free speeds 96 Speeds in periods 1 2
97. y while displaying a graph and b to print a high quality graph in a HP LaserJet printer press the F9 key while displaying a graph To save the graph in a PCX format press the F4 key while displaying the graph You can then retrieve the PCX file into a graphics program and print it on any printer supported by the graphics program The produce project summary option allows you to produce a one page summary report of the results of the economic evaluation of a given strategy Select the Project Summary option to view print or export a summary report for your selected project see Annex 1 Your selected project should be one of the four strategies being analyzed second strategy to fifth strategy Remember that the first strategy is the base strategy without project case used to compute the benefits of implementing the other strategies After you select the project the program asks if you want to view print save ASCID or export Lotus 1 2 3 the summary report The summary report presents for the without project case first strategy and for the selected project the following information Roughness Progression Average Daily Traffic Periodic Maintenance Actions Economic Road Agency Costs Economic Road User Costs Economic Total Society Costs It also presents the following economic comparison indicators Decrease in Agency Costs Stream Decrease in User Costs Stream Net Economic Benefits Stream Project Net Pre
98. zes five strategies Therefore you always have to define five strategies even if you are interested in the results of only one or two strategies You could use the other strategies to do some sensitivity analysis Of the five strategies being defined the first strategy is the base strategy for comparison the do minimum case That is the program computes the net benefits of the remaining strategies is relation to the first strategy When you select the Define Strategies option the screen below appears The Definition of Strategies menu is similar to the Analysis Control menu Use the Edit option to edit the information the Print option to print the information the Keep option to store the information into a data set file for future use the Get option to retrieve a data set information and the Save Exit option to save the current information and return to the previous menu To define the strategies enter the description of the set of five strategies and for each strategy define the policies or policy that compose the strategy For each strategy define at least the following information The description of the strategy The starting year of the first maintenance policy The description of the first maintenance policy 24 The HDM Manager Program pe ork ae e Strategies Definition of Strategies Page 1 2 Description Paving Gravel Road 1 Run C STRATEGY 1 Grade Every 120 Days Start in Year 1995 Policy Gr

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