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Tutorial on VSP Data Processing in the RadExPro Plus software

1. Specify Save template Load template OTMeHa Now add the Advanced VSP Display to the flow Select the following parameters VSP Display Parameters Carotage data L45 file DATAMK las Browse LAS column name s mE E dit Load model file DATA My vsp P wave modelmd Browse Save model file DATANMy vsp P wave modeldi Browse gt m Time Start Z m D Start time ms RN EndZim p End time ms 3000 Altitude correction NN Trace Display Attenuation Velocity Interval velocity calc base rec Hegularic parameter 0 15 ccr Browse Cancel Specify the name of the file on the hard disk where the built model will be automatically saved in the Save model file field Trace scale 0 5 Trace step m 10 3 Get amplitudes fram ATTENTION After running the flow for the first time it is recommended to specify the same model file name in the Load model file field as in the Save model file field This will allow resuming the work from the last change point during subsequent runs Besides since the model output file is saved automatically when the user exits the Advanced VSP Display module specifying it as the input file will help avoid undesirable loss of the previously created model Run the flow An Advanced VSP Display module window similar to the one shown below will appear YSP Dsiplay Tile dit Ley oci View Log Display Quelibcispay empibi
2. Display parameters Display mode 9 NT AV COIT CC VA Gray t RB In 4000 t Scale Number of traces 300 Scale 0 0 Additional scalar From t 0 2 C Dustor W Rotate Normalizing Factor C None Ensemble boundaries Entire screen Individual Variable spacing m Ensembles gap Header mark Muliple panels Show headers Plot headers Use excursion g m pi e e ce B LL m o c im i ae e n E B E T a m eaj Save Template he flow in the picture below hown Ing t IS S The result of runn isplay ug and ug nmo waves di UMy Borehole SPO 090 jec My VSP Pro Tuub para nelers CNO I ZUUI f IT nit iii iM is in if unit el Fi fil hli Hi H luh K son TN ii t K Il bee thr Hu list im tili in jii Hig i Fri i mil ltl Ma ea sci I lit hijal i i ppu riri aU aa Kran klik sg ite k Ps ili iel Sie All inl PITT dn irt aim qr ie i isi a ae m MI ii a i Ih e i DID Tm APTIT l eip aij y pari HH rre TETTE TILES Toc ita uli Mii HIE Wi TRITT TIR T E iUt oos aid dp iy reo tid fal ti Hime enis mist Pr D rriv re HUI Ari 1 binh i A A aL i ii i Phim TTL UL lih leh oil nu uni H IT ili IKIE Sp Magus TU ETT int riri pt PHIL WW DAN th AR LI utt ailing lid riii Tip ip UTERE WR linij M hii k i il E KH nin H Tut th 4 TL TT d sellis ets ee Fa ili
3. Kirchhoff offset wsp Derivative pone Preferred slope range f Kirchhoff walk away wsp 1 2 f Inverse distance NI 2L autput aeometry 30 output geometry bu points dis arid origin da arid origin r dy asis azimuth automaticly using depth re Ly 3000 dx 0 i Spline OF Cancel To obtain a VSP CMP section use the parameters shown in the picture below 3D VSP Kirchhoff Migration ade file DATA My vap P wave model md amp Start of the image PS waves migration Z End of the image Mute unaccesible area v Transform only do nat migrate w Sample interval of the image l Straight rays Preferred boundary slope l Weights fe kirchhott offset vsp Derivative C hone Preferred slope range C Kirchhoff walk away wsp v 1 2 C Inverse distance M 2D outout aeametry 30 output geometry t by points dia Grid origin da Grid origin T dy Y asis azimuth f automaticly using depth Lt Ly 3000 dz D Spline OF Cancel The results of running the flow in both cases are shown below Migration result My VSP Project My Borehole SP 1 080 migrations Zom Common paremecers Tool Exi Stop fow Exit 3000 Info bamiz Amp u tito ums VSP CMP transformation result My VSP Project My Borehole SP 1 080 migrations Zom Common paremecers Tool Un e 21V on T as de de d a r P ve Fa Note
4. t jec Re of the average m Do nat change anplitudes lower then Modify values when exceed average in more then M times The result of running the procedure is shown in the picture below ex Ld gt im i 5 is wi a E E LP E xm paramec emman 20261 repr g D C AD a3 dE c n n n ii RR Je x a ER Se E gera ec mn i f 1 I r TiFETHIT 200 Ju au uu LIAU IUU lao pa ae enero lali 1300 Pali Tail EC ILI zat Zu U UDIY rue Une re Je 5am Iriz ide Ina w he data ing tot ith 5 10 70 150 Hz pass filter ing module to apply band Iter fi i Now let us use the Bandpass F ilter w Bandpass F Iter Ormsby Ormsby Select the frequency band log box he module setup dia 1n t 1CS frequenc logy waves reflected Ismo loration se in exp ity convention adopted ith the polar To comply w dance in the lower impe increase of to an ng should be shown on Z ies correspondi boundari i tive boundaries i from pos component SELSMOLZTaAMS 3 dium in the upper me medium relative to impedance ly the value of each 1p th the follow multi e l invert the wave field phase we need to h tremums IVe ex t USING posi Ing parameters 1 e Trace Math module w Ing t
5. E LI I E Ais Parameters By changing the CHAN value in the Data Filter module you can obtain corresponding P R and T component images as shown in the pictures below EI e Lyme lox ips za amekei z 20n oni E ZO rA 7I NI Vall MIB IFEI iin Wil AEII 1E tal FLEL 2 D X Pun J 48S Sa i Tr E6 CHAN 3 P component Zoom Tomroncarebez Toole Cocos tls TE BLULL Tran aran Tr Los Saa Anpi Li20 0 ie Bhai LAS S4 FARM ee Wied TO CAST AAA a A A DRIN TDI Ia L CHAN 2 R component E3234 Kcem ccrpasmeluz Tack ORG hal LIE Intl VARI IUII IFE Mn TI Fill TIMI mi LITER Y T h Hp i Wa E art iE m e LE if LR dcn ge e E f 1 Tu SamilE hupi 23 kja 0ne CHAN 1 T component Let us use the results of data orientation to the PRT system to perform downgoing and reflected S wave picking To trace S wave first arrivals using the Data Filter module select only the R component and have it displayed on the screen in the Screen Display window Fly WS Deniect ety Reel SA fhpk 5 fhm mnpm Inne Ferien Fut TJETTH mn mm im i Tian Tenn Tann IKNI Tan inh nl tinh o nr 1D00 znnn uuu bt va Lev Tuy Lamiio acp AX Cadet dee Perform downgoing S wave picking using the Tools Pick menu commands in a similar way to downgo
6. Database object Cancel t Bet all The next two Trace Editing modules will be used to perform top and bottom muting in sequence Top muting is performed along the wt pick bottom muting along the cor summ pick Select the Alpha trimmed option in the Ensemble Stack module and set the trimming threshold equal to 30 This will eliminate the impact of bursts on the summation results Ensemble 5tack Made Mean Median Alpha tinned 30 i Coherent stack 30 E Window traces Filter length ms 60 Iw Treat zero as result of muting Cancel Enable Automatic gain control in the Amplitude correction module set 1000 ms operator length Amplitude Correction Action to apply Spherical divergence comection Iw Autnmatical gain control Operator length ns Type of AGC scalar Bast for scalar application 1000 MEAN CFNTFRFD Trace equalization basis For scaling lime gate stat tine nz lime gate end time rs Time vanant scaling Specify amplifying law along trace E ns Example format t1 k 1 E2 Ex k2 EH EM Carcel Using the Trace Output module save the resulting trace to a separate dataset named sp0 cor stack The Screen Display module at the end of the flow provides visual monitoring of the results The result of running the flow is shown in the picture below The corridor stack trace we have created will be used for tying VSP data to seismic data
7. a aon a a T 141 liib 1400 EL m va eom Eta T a ean Sl T3 Sha Ma LAT CAS Ts ER Use the same set of modules to subtract those fragments Apply Statics S wave down going2 pick Relative to time 4000 2 D Spatial Filtering filter type Alpha Trimmed Mean window size 9 traces per sample Subtraction mode and another Apply Statics same parameters as for the first one but with Subtract Statics enabled The result of applying the procedures 1s shown in the following picture My VSP Project My Borehole 5PO0 0 70 ug PP a ae zm Lols r moo E parameter Zoom Com n lon Il i il is M ig Juli Mi x I I s A F 1 Hide ul D i E is E t hut Ai pi m in Hl jini M Hi iil iM ut s T i I x i a i QUT fils RE TET TET E Vili Tt th 7665 Orns 0 00104 ti Sam 2665 Amp Tr ci c 29 un Kem D gt O al D r2 O amp z O ama S N D d ou D O o Y o S8 OQ 3 2 S g c D 4 o A S p S 9 5 g F a 9 o S S 2 Oo g h amplitude localized burst 18 Removal module to suppress hi ll use the Burst Noise l We w The module parameters are shown below noises Burst Noise Removal traces Ian Es c den m a Ji m n rm m n m 5 IZE Window s ra tage lon percer
8. axis title and value mark fonts at your own discretion Select the printing device in the Print setup field Use the Layout Preview option to preview the image before printing If necessary adjust the visualization parameters without closing the Layout preview window Click the Update preview to redraw the preview window IL Layout preview Fle view xaa J DEFTA 0 400 600 800 1070 z0 1420 1500 1820 2000 2200 2203 2500 2500 TO 40203 DECO GoezpF ycical My MEP A oj2c7 hy ra m ain _ Es When you are satisfied with all your settings close the preview window and click the OK in the module parameter dialog box To start printing run the flow using the Run menu command The resulting project tree should look like the following f RadExPro 3 95 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools My Borehole QC spa wi mz jl 10 data load 20 view data i wt I rj md ra zB 40 3C orientation 5 pick 5 signature for deconvolution SS 60 deconvolution test 70 uz P SO velocity mode O uz and ug nmo waves display 00 car stack trace 10 cor sum lee al im p 20 ug vsp nmo waves for well tie 30 cor stack for well tie 10 data load 20 view data 30 fbpick 40 3C orientation s pick 5 signature for deconvolution ul a SS 60
9. deconvolution test 70 uz P migrations 010 seismic data load 20 well tie oc On l fo Oo Lh m am d T MBL Dblclick Default action MBz Context menu MBL Drag Flow to line to copy
10. it by runni We will do 1 trace by Trace Math Parameters Trace Trace m Operation t Add Scalar Scalar minus Sample t Multiply by Scalar Divide Scalar by Sample C Reverse Trace f Scalar Header Divide threshold 10 04 cone Now perform seismic trace muting before the first arrivals by running the Trace Editing with the parameters shown below Trace Editing Muting Horizon C Bottom muting Trace killing C Muting in window Taper window length Trace header TUA Specify Save template Load template OtMeHa Use the first arrival pick shifted after deconvolution fbpick after decon as the horizon defining the muting 2 E i S El I 2 1 a i se D T E oM 5 j O DE eS c D S T c3 L jg Cy cy z z Sog l 5 Lc E i P 5 j B 8 E n D cL T 5 E a 5 Som y ED 2 a o zo oO E E 2 2 C3 5 S s 2 0 en c I i L e 3 z AR Q 2 g a Mi Im z s wl 2 an E z E oO T T E D ws Bs Un D S um 2 E x 5 8 a 3 un z B 5 E i DM g EL S S E n O 3 a O 5 ES 2 j D i or c a i D 8B M Bom on G E ao A 2 3 Ez E it o c H za S EJ P D S a E a ez B N E D gt bi E d ec Eai E S s z ret e lt d z T 3 E z z ii a 5 5 c p m E E ut zl 2 2 n un ing ke the
11. o Lose Plot headers Show headers Iw Use excursion 2 0 traces Picks settings Save Template Load Template Ok Cancel Run the flow The result should look like the following hy MVP Frajeri w nra la s P DEKO BC dacin ira plea Eo Lommeor ps eres oss 23 ahco thew 229 JL I ds i r P DI dh i A aati Y oA AA d AA Ay aene C Fd ak Dy ia f EIE p ESS E POST T I KAS PESHA fad iim er A t o ve s c qo ftn AN SS A an of Fm ons unl a AGA S fds j s NEU pida P e Js RE ror d iin Wear OE T au y qur p due ie egit bie o m LT m o T oeste gute ana d Ey guo JP no Ja F ms uu M d BU APE fa Z sc A m Lose mem PR my gr tm p m nyc Pay m Ma J r i a y iy etry Rem P or AE n DII IT Ima ii EO Oe ear dida e att J rm LES y dfs un ru i Jm d P h P Foyer d Vise M mrt tr _ J i r ilies Ubri a P j i Lm d das Ms Eo A tn og d P a alld ded fp P re PF aspi ipo Pris at p ui Ji TnT a y lt Amend f Fol ue i anal aan sn p rd wet Te Wet o5 pdLI9I lissalire Now we can sum the traces to obtain a seismic wavelet Such summation will result in the in phase direct wave adding up while the majority of other waves and noises become suppressed Comment out the Screen Display module Add the Ensemble Stack module used to sum traces within ensembles to the flow In the RadExPro traces are combined into ensembles b
12. sienature for deconvolution 060 deconvolution test MBL Dblclick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to line to copy This flow will consist of the following modules Trace Input sp raw Amplitude Correction Deconvolution screen Display Set the Trace Input module parameters as shown in the picture below Trace Input Data Sets Sort Fields Add Delete Selection 3 0 50000 Select fram file Database abject Using the Amplitude Correction module introduce correction for spherical divergence enable the Spherical divergence correction option Deterministic deconvolution can be performed using the Deconvolution module Specify the name of the file containing the wavelet in the module parameters It should be a binary file using R4 IEEE number presentation format without any headers The trace with the wavelet should have the same sampling interval as the traces to which deconvolution will be applied By default the RadExPro Plus generates a binary file in the R4 IEEE format when creating an output dataset using the Trace Output module headers are stored separately Therefore in our example you can directly select the file in the project directory corresponding to the dataset created during the previous step This file should be easy to find the project directory structure replicates the database structure The module parameters are shown in the picture below Deconvolu
13. the corridor stack trace set SFPIND 2 and the NMO corrected reflected wave field SFPIND 3 The DEPTH sorting key allows us to achieve correct sorting of VSP data this will not have any effect on seismic data since we have already set the value of this field equal to 1 for all seismic traces The CDP key in turn ensures correct seismic data sorting and will have no effect on VSP data since we have set the CDP field value equal to 1 for those data To read all data enter in the Selection field Set the visualization parameters Ensemble boundaries Additional scalar Display mode Normalizing Scales as shown in the picture Use the General Layout option to adjust label and margin parameters Set the parameters as shown in the picture General Layout parameters General Margins Left 1000 mm Top rm Label Left side Fields Company name DETO Geophysical Label font Project Title My VSP Project Text black width Project Location My Area 100 Iw Right side Comments Well tie Margins Left 1 Right ip Top 430 Label Lago BMP File ee bs Logo Height 5n mm Iw Constrain proportions Logo Position f Left Logo Width ag rm t Right Cancel Using the T Axis options adjust the visualization and vertical axis title parameters as shown in the picture T Axis parameters Iw Show axis Major ticks Step 1008 Tick length mm 2 M Show values Scale font
14. ug wsp nima waves for well tie LI zm Comccnpa 2a kic 025 a E Hor all pe 2m E ew DUE mir a re pr Qu e red EE nons Heprea d RE ELEME i iai RAN DERE zn d ied 1000 zai jedi PSP ION oe XT wo oen M DEL s ji MSN M ud d d Hi a ae a E ui Gs hig A id os E Eran Har RETE T burner break i Qux eris E tc p M ai EE E piti Mire Rec sree asthe in aiino d Mora arbre my pis EH S IR Ne i z iPM nF alaani pue sien i ri n 18 oe pe oe a fo tn p T ae i fcrc ll s o d noe Sci ie A ee oe oe nate oe le cem dure GRE ie aie ee Un Uu iE Hee ae gee ig ai or dans mt ge bus a ETIE Ji i pe Y m i o buds Mi ch o di poer amad M oul i i c DE p um oo s Hl aS Sep cem iid ELO i t a rn tt 4 ps et nS DUET Hum i il ling i ang s f iy i i in a be no ae ee uae i He T mu TERN EE a ae a ir ERE Lets mn ee no ee i ERAH a MEL Eheee ci eR HEFEI ES HEE K alt NI PT m HT in if if I EUM uh Eu Hi eer linus irse pud d URS 1 i Winner a jo EM si i TM EL ah u ET xt cue E H iid d e j Ts i E dcr d ii i ili ART E OU cr Ven dai riii ee ee Eie r 2 OHNE Es d of is a seat ti dn His atte ai escudo beni gs Tue ac a a E TI MEEEDERNU E SL iei LH irat I amp J bak Gopu t 2L ig m3 w Preparation of the corridor stack trace section is done in a similar way We will do it in a separate flow 130 cor stack for well tie This flow consists of the same modules with
15. Da TE E LEPETS ma quo rinm r qp mc TTA ee ae TI ERICH ADI TEE iem i PER ma 1 t i i ERE uid i en d E en i D i F 1 pele m E nen p lus i j aD em P d Edd Wed EERE E Te ete He ERA n oe Re nq X ala mami tram waj i Rica unum E ER PLEDE E Sis SSS a E Ln Ti aS These results can be exported to a text file using the File Export result menu item TSF Deiplay E Edk Lay Melos Hp Kv MW LogLisplay Quay display Amplitude Zrcae E M urn When you select this item a dialog box will open prompting the user to specify the names of text files where the results will be exported Export resulte files aay vede file Erowze Fertrace file Erowec Lay model file file containing the layer velocity model Per trace file file containing the per trace table with two way vertical travel time curve values as well as average and layer velocity values Reflected wave field visualization and introduction of the NMO corrections 090 ug and ug nmo waves display V RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit O 30 fhpic 40 3C orientation pick 50 signature for deconvolution 30 velosity model 90 uz and ug nmo waves display MB1 DblCick DeFaul action MEZ Context meru MEL Drag Flow Ea ine to copy Create a new
16. Data with properly assigned geometry as well as a correct velocity model are necessary for the 2D 3D VSP Migration module to run successfully Tying VSP data to seismic data Well Tie Well Tie O10 seismic data load 020 well tie Loading seismic data into the project 010 seismic data load The flow will consist of the following modules with parameters shown below SEG Y Input lt seismic data sey Trace Header Math Trace Output gt seismic data The SEG Y Input module loads seismic data into the project from a SEG Y file SEG Input File s Sample Format Sample interval a IA AS seismic data squ t lit lat 4t Ra Number of traces 0 lf BM Floating Point Trace length 2048 Use trace weighting Factor f SEGY Normal byte order MSE First SEGY Reverse byte order LSB First Sorted by FFID DFFSET f Get all Selection f 3D Survey C 2D Survey Profile ID Remap header value Add Delete Load ist Save ist ET Cancel Let us use the Trace Header Math module to assign a unique index to the seismic data We will need this number to perform tying Besides since the DEPTH field is meaningless for seismic data let us set its value equal to 1 we will need it when printing the results in the 030 plotting flow Trace Header Math Load template Save template Now let us save the data to the project database using the Trace Output
17. S001 0 Multiple Different Interval Multiple Top axis mm margin 20 mm To run the flow select the Run menu command The result should look like the following y FSP Aroj Oky Boreiiled2 ODD ipsc An RAIL ILHAS Lt 02 23 Ls EN Sct bth FFT Tate GC d wws mm 2 w TE Yuma lYwW E Ie rd se aM Sug cb OR EO Para l Here we see the data sorted by channels components Picking P wave first arrivals 030 fbpick RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt 1 Help Options Database Tools Exit ME1 Dblclick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to lin lt KA Create a new 030 fbpick flow consisting of the following procedures Trace Input lt sp0 raw Resample Trace Length Screen Display Select the Trace Input module parameters as shown below Select sorting by channel number and depth CHAN DEPTH the same way you did for the previous flow Only the Z component will be processed in this flow This will be achieved by limiting the selection range to the third channel only enter 3 sorting in the Selection field Irace Input To increase the accuracy of determining the first arrival times it is advised to first resample the data to a considerably smaller sample interval To do this we will use the Resample module Enter the new sample interval value 0 1 in the module parameter dialog box Since we are interested only in the first arrival times at this stage we will lim
18. follow 1 ing flow should look The result Trace Input lt sp raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Deconvalution Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering Apply Statics Nonstationary predictive deconvolution Trace Length Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering Apply Statics Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering Apply Statics Burst Noise Removal Bandpass Filtering Trace Math Trace Editing Trace Output gt sp0_P_ wave ug screen Display Note that the process of separation the reflected wave field may be improved by adding new procedures for subtraction of remaining noise waves such as S waves with inclination slightly different from the picked travel time curve Therefore the process of reflected wave field subtraction can be iterative Building a velocity model 080 velocity model f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit My Borehole 010 data load 040 3C orientation pick 050 signature for deconvolution 060 deconvolution test O80 velosity mode MBI DblClick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to line Ea copy Let us create a new flow to build a velocity model based on the selected reflected wave field 080 velocity model The flow will consist of the following modules Trace Input lt sp P wave ug SSAA Advanced VSP Dispaly In the Trace Input module select the dataset creat
19. innnnnss sss s sse sese nennen nns 43 Building a velocity model 080 velocity model sss ee nennen rennen ns 68 IEdTNB d EEDOUBUISTIES uunc idus EEE Se enw nrg E esu Mud E M ELA E AE A 71 Oy Gh a tie UU CUR QUU 6 RN m 72 Reflected wave field visualization and introduction of the NMO corrections 090 ug and ug nmo waves display M 73 Building a corridor stack trace 100 cor stack trace and 110 cor sum 76 Preparing VSP data for tying to seismic survey data 120 ug vsp nmo waves for well tie and 130 cor stack for VT E TCEC Y S 0 rae 80 OE A SIC PROCESS IN Gy e eis sum Soc cre yan pra L RUE Up E UM E SUMUS UID EIU Nd cU MU M ED EPI E CU RS 83 Building migrated VSP and VSP CMP sections 080 migrations essen nnns 83 Tuo VSP DAYA TO SESMIC DATA CBE TIE og oe ase isag sce season aa seen tesa IR Sari IU SIUS M NER E Ce u a senna ea Dr Eka 87 Loading seismic data into the project 010 seismic data load sse amp S Tying VSP data to CMP seismic reflection survey data 020 Well tie csse 89 Printing the processing results 030 plotting nennen ehnnhnnnn nnns nsns sss a rennen n ns 95 Introduction This Tutorial 1s intended for users making their first steps in processing of vertical seismic profiling VS
20. look like the following f My VSP Project My Borehole SP0 010 data load Help Options Database Tools Run Flow mode Exit SEC Y Input sp0 raw sgy Trace Output gt sp raw screen Display Trace Input Data Input Trace Onuiput Data Oniput FSP Data Modeling 3D Data Input 3D Data Output SEG D Input 2D Finite Difference Modeling Super Gather GSE RAMACHAGPR JFOFPEIC Lamb Solid Layer Solid modeling SCS 3 Input SECS Input SEOG Y Input SEG Y Output Text Ouiput Ladd Text Trace SiGe Input sional Processing IMB1 Drag module Ctrl MB1 Copy module ME1 Dblclick Module Parameters MB Toggle module CEr MB2 DblClick Delete To run the flow select the Run menu command The Screen Display window will open and show the input data as they are read from the file on the hard disk and saved to the database The Screen Display window should look like this fy VSP Ero jects Ooreholo a REL LEBEN date load Zoom Lon pa mta cck Lehio Ha Lake x w TEPER REPRE Fic on 1 75 Sep LEE up L Lb J Our Note When the amount of data read from the file is very big approaching or exceeding the amount of RAM installed or simply close to 1 Gb and over the Framed mode should be used to read the data into the memory in frames rather than all at once You can switch over to this mode and specify the frame size using the Framed mode menu item available in the flow editor Assigning geometry T
21. modules the SEG Y Input and Trace Output modules are located in the Data I O group the Screen Display module in the Interactive Tools group This flow will read data from a SEG Y file stored on the hard disk and save them to the project database as a database object dataset Modules are added to the flow one by one To add a module to the flow simply drag it from the library on the right to the flow area on the left using the mouse When you do it a module setup dialog box will appear this dialog box can also be opened later by double clicking the module name in the flow Modules that are already in the flow can be moved up and down by dragging them with the mouse Let us find the SEG Y Input module in the Data I O group and add it to the flow When we add the module a dialog box will open prompting us to specify the data reading parameters We will do it by selecting the Sp0_raw sgy data file SEG Y Input File s sample format Sample interval i spl raw zqu C nc lat jdt A4 Number of traces org f SEGY Normal byte order MSB First SEGY Reverse byte order LSB First sorbed by FFID DFFSET f Get all Selection f 30 Survey C 20 Survey Profile ID Remap header value Delete Load ist Save ist Cancel After we have done adding the SEG Y Input module let us add another module Trace Output This module will save the data read by SEG Y Input to the database Name the object t
22. of the windows so that it includes the downgoing P wave this wave will be moved to the 100 ms constant time after introducing the static correction The window should not be too narrow since this will cause average amplitude calculation to be unstable Set the parameters as shows in the picture below Amplitude Correction Action to apply spherical divergence correction 1 s Exponential correction dE s Automatical Gain Control v Trace equalization Basis for scaling MEAN Time gate start time ms 80 000000 Time gate end time ms 400 000000 Time Variant Scaling Add another instance of the Apply Statics module to introduce inverse static corrections Its parameters should be the same as for the first instance except for one difference enable the Subtract static option to have the static corrections introduced with the opposite sign W Apply Statics Header Word Get from databas Select fbpick Use file W Relative to time i 00 00 W Subtract static if Apply fractional statics Save template Load template Cancel At this stage the flow should look like the following Trace Input lt sp raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Apply Statics screen Display The results of flow execution are shown in the picture below My VSF Project My Borehole SPO 080 ug PP Foam Commonparaneters Tools Print spectrum 00 7000 700 T
23. of the Attributes module setup dialog box should look like the following Aci butze Henzen A Wes t iibute Trace heeder Peak ipae s AME wpli ade Cerb id me aen amp mpiuze o hppa e Ier em ey Pick amotk do line FB IC lt r Yide heg erry EJ lwog zmrplilude tre Bernd salt 0 Max ahs P arp bie Peak andi de en Ralio O Thug amplitude T Resa vina prne M dbsouc omc T Tmc i sand oco egth co3I Sue i Up f Din e ned hemp se Ile Inn Abnbubes Hcrizon Pick indstacase i Select i i Tlace header Specry Seve temelace Lcad tenzla e Set the Window length value equal to 10 ms in the 3C Orientation setup dialog box This is the size of the window from the first arrival down inside which the energy will be measured The window width offset from the first arrival in ms should match the P wave first arrival wavelet length Choosing too small window size will result in unstable operation of the procedure If the window is too large it will include not only the downgoing P wave but also other waves such as those reflected from the adjacent boundaries or those refracted on the boundaries with mode exchange All other parameters of this module XY Rotation YZ Rotation ZX Rotation should remain unchanged in this case These parameters specified in degrees allow additional rotation of the coordinate system in the corresponding directions The mo
24. pick and the specified constant time 100 ms Set the module parameters as shown in the picture below Bl Apply Statics Manual Header ward f Get from databas Select IIbpick t Use file Iw Relative to time og Subtract static i Apply fractional statics Save template Load template Cancel After shifting the traces we need to equalize their amplitudes since there are intervals with a substantially lower gain in the record To do this introduce another instance of the Amplitude Correction module into the flow and use its Trace equalization option in the 80 400 ms time window Amplitude Correction Action to apply Uphcrical divergence correction 1 5 Exponential correction dBjs Automatical Gain Control Trace equalization Basis for scaling MEAN Time gate starttime ms 30 000000 Time gate end time ms 400 000000 Time Variant Scaling pasan View the results of running the procedures using the Screen Display modules with parameters shown below Display parameters Display made Fromt 0 0 to 1000 tScale fio C WTA WT Number of traces 300 Scale fio C VA r Gray Additional scalar a3 Rotate C B B Bias o ES ao Custor Define W Ensemble boundaries Normalizing factor Mane Variable spacing field Entire screen Space to maximum ensemble width Individual Ensembles gap 2 ls Header mark Muliple panels
25. the same parameters except for two differences the corridor stack trace section 1s input into the flow and the sfpind header in those traces 1s set equal to 2 using the Trace Header Math module Let us save the results to the sp0 cor summ for WT dataset Trace Input sp0 corr summ Kesample Trace Length Bandpass Filtering Trace Header Math Trace Editing Trace Output gt spll cor summ for WT Screen Display Offset VSP processing The purpose of offset VSP processing is to select a reflected P wave field and build migrated VSP and VSP CMP sections To process these data let us create a second shot point in the project database SP1 The offset VSP data processing flow structure is shown below f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit SP Immolo data load 20 view data 30 fbpick 40 3C orientation s pick 60 signature for deconvolution 70 deconvolution test 10 ug P 20 migrations MBL Dblclick Default action MBZ Context menu MBL Drag Flow to line to copy As we can see from the flow structure and the names of the flows offset VSP data processing before migration is done generally in the same way as zero offset VSP data processing data are loaded first arrivals are picked components are oriented towards the source point deconvolution parameters are tested and a reflected wave field is selected as a result The configuration of procedures in the flo
26. using the combined wiggle trace variable area method select WT VA in the Display mode field The Rotate option allows displaying the trace horizontally Click the Axis button to set up axis parameters Axis Parameters Different ds Values DEPTH C Interval DD 0 Iv Primary lines Iv Multiple Different Secondary lines 100 0 Lebe Interval 105 0 m C Multiple Font size fio Margins Left axis Tan avi 2 an p axis The resulting flow should look like the following Trace Input lt spO raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Screen Display Ensemble Stack Trace Output gt sp0 decon impulse Screen Display Run the flow The result is shown in the picture below Looking at the picture we can assume that the wavelet length is about 80 ms and the wavelet origin is located at 100 ms To view the amplitude spectrum of the resulting wavelet select Tools gt Spectrum gt Average in the visualization window parameters After that you can select an area of the trace or seismogram by clicking the left mouse button The spectrum of the selected area will be displayed in a pop up window Teall zuu t Iz Testing deterministic deconvolution parameters 060 deconvolution test Create a 060 deconvolution test flow f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit s 030 fbpick 040 3C orientation 5 pick 050
27. 000 988868 832000 gudgggg saong 986868 83000 gt Cancel Load template Save template File The program performs the following actions when importing header field values from a text file All fields used to determine the trace matching fields as well as all fields to be changed assign fields are read from the specified columns in each text file line All traces with header field values listed in Matching fields exactly matching the values read from the line are determined in the specified seismic dataset Then the values read from the line are entered into the changed header fields Assign fields for all these traces Before importing geometry click Save template in the lower right corner of the dialog box A new dialog box will open Select My Borehole in the Location field and enter the name geometry_template in the Object name field This will save all header values to the database as a template Save template Object name geometry template Objects Location alu Rename Delete Cancel After saving the template click the OK in the Import Headers dialog box Double click the DEPTH field in the sp0 raw Geometry Spreadsheet window to sort the depth in the ascending order As you can see now each depth value is repeated 3 times for each channel 10 00000 103 88000 57 44000 21 38000 0 00000 0 00000 29 1000 1 10 00000 108 88000 57 44000 21 38000 0 00000 0 00000 911
28. 000 uz 2 ame meme 4 21 8000 0 00000 m um 34 3 amo mese srao cnm 0 00000 m ume si o ame meme ste 21 8000 0 00000 cam ome 3 o emo mese tee 21 8000 0 00000 mm um 3 3 aw amem ree x 0 00000 wm mm 3 amo men srao 21 8000 0 00000 cam oum 3 o Len mane seem n3ww vemm 0 00000 mw m 3 LEER e eee Lu 111 E LS SSE gt E gt ________ _ _LSSE ______ _ ESE_ _ _ eee LLLLLLLLILLLULLLLLLLLILILILLILIS aaa eee LLLA LL ZT 10 00000 108 88000 57 44000 21 38000 0 00000 0 00000 29 11000 ESSE You can save the changes to the database by using the Edit Save changes menu option or clicking Yes in the dialog box prompting you to save the changes when exiting the Geometry Spreadsheet Geometry spreadsheet e A Do you want to save changes before exit TMHEH Data visualization 020 view data Create a new flow in the project tree and name it 020 view data f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt 1 Help Options Database Tools Exit 4My Boreholel sP0 10 data load I D20 view data D MBI Dhlclick Default action MBz Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to lin This flow consists of two procedures Trace Input sp raw Screen Display Trace Input Select the dataset named sp0 raw in the module setup dialog box Specify the CHAN and DEPTH headers in the Sort Fie
29. 10 data input Rename Delete History Cancel The picture below shows the Geometry Spreadsheet window T raw Geometry Spreadsheet Fields Edit Tools Exit TRACENO To show the necessary header fields all header fields declared in the database already exist but are not yet displayed use the Fields Add fields menu option When a dialog box opens press and hold down the Ctrl key and select the following header fields DEPTH cable depth SOU X source X coordinate SOU Y source Y coordinate SOU ELEV source absolute depth REC X receiver X coordinate REC Y receiver Y coordinate REC ELEV receiver absolute depth and CHAN channel number As a result the header editor window should look like the following sp raw Geometry 5preadsheet Fields Edit Tools Exit O wem soux souy soume mex mcy T cmn E METTCENEET ERENT RENEER T NNEN C NN JO O onam onoono tameo tameo onoo onoo ooo 1 amm onoono aeo tameo onoo onoo to 1 ECCE onoono onoo onoo eaoo00 eaoo00 ooo 1 eooo onoono onoo tameo onoo to ooo 3 same onoono eawooo tameo too to to 1 awe ames onoo tameo onoo too oowoo 1 ame onoono onoo tao ooo onoo co 1 To import header values from a text file select the Tools Import menu item The import setup dialog box will appear You will need to open the sou geom txt file and de
30. E d a o iiti D 5 O D ci zd c C T E AlS a Al Nro fn int um m 2 Ud mi k Slo E UN ee ad 2 o O in gt z aM ei eju 5 a ul ini d sae jel ci 2 Oo E Xe Oo A Lud T ance a 2 O m LB j m ce 3 58 o P ao n E 2 20 8 B 3 E 3 Q D O O c M a o i z O 5 c o E E A Z 88 S o EEMME E z Tm ann E 2 O0 m m a uu o arity i Heat I a uo Q el S E E us i f iil o 8 g a o g P a uS 25 E 25 EH 5 5 5 e P xX E e E ZO a a c o gt me 0 D ow ec S S M i c o Q va Un D Hi 5 E s X z a m oO c lt 2 uu jJ a BS s lt 2 o z T E a ci O S o z z mE c3 O gt E E oO S o tL ca z f gt o0 Ke D DE 2 C d m E eS za n SE B N E wo rs c 5 z gt EL ga m e y a E Jum o 2 i i ui Ne E e eO v co c3 E oO Qu amp first arrival travel time curve from the field using top and bottom muting stack all traces to create a single trace equalize the amplitude along the trace and save the obtained results The Ensemble Stack module stacks the traces within the ensembles defined by the first sorting key Since we want to sum all traces in this case we should specify a header field that we know to be identical for all traces as the first sorting key in the Trace Input module An example of such header field is DT the sampling interval Trace Input Data Sets Sort Fields Add Delete Selection t Select fram file t
31. ECO GEOPHYSICAL Tutorial on VSP Data Processing in the RadExPro Plus software Revised 19 10 2009 DECO Geophysical Moscow State University Science Park 1 77 Leninskie Gory Moscow 119992 Russia Tel 7 495 930 84 14 E mail support radexpro ru Website www radexpro ru Contents PEO C TION cece sav oc atin nRPEMiN N E NM MEME MR UUEKM E A UNUM DE 3 lindo T 4 ias NG RO 5 PROG RP 4 ZERO OPFSET VDE PROCESSING resniri ee Oe ee E re ee eer ee ee ee 8 Data input into the project 010 data LOG ra cies sects sts aaeeteretransdced waceeaciica caljensihansontexaoaiseette asus uM EOD t cokes PPPT mPSnUR Ue 9 P AUN PUITS MIT Q 12 Import of source and receiver position coordinates from a text file 2 Data visualization O20 View dal d Em 16 Picking P wave first arrivals 030 fbpick 00000000ooooonennnnnnnnnnnnnssssssssennnnnenennnrrrrrrssssssssssssnnnnnrereesrrrrreesssssssssssss 19 Orienting towards the source point and picking S wave first arrivals 040 3C orientation S pick 23 Using direct wave to determine the wavelet for deterministic deconvolution 050 signature for deconvolution 33 Testing deterministic deconvolution parameters 060 deconvolution test csse 39 Reflected PP wave field separation 070 ug PP ssssssssssssssssessssssseeeeee eee keene eee EEE EEE in
32. Fx Hen 0 S c a ho a or XD NMINCENK eT a a CPCUr qom eru LITRO I E T m izle und m EE DES LUZ UEP ee er IT RIZ UN E mri Ze p xb 3b lu LzuU FE RENE E AD OORT T POE EET cmm ee ip E i a 5 ea tt te P8 SS ey 1300 lab 1350 xDD i00 zT zu X We can see that the downgoing P wave was successfully subtracted from the record Now we need to introduce the necessary inverse static corrections to return the remaining waves to their proper times To do this we will add another instance of the Apply Statics module to the flow E Apply Statics C Header Word bpick Select Get from databas C Use file Ie to ti We Relat y va va Subtract static statics Ioa Apply fract Save template D Jm m D m u zu is shown below ing the procedures ing The result of runn cL i 1i L 2 Eo ES x rg E m p v _ ei My YSF Frojecthi Halp LP E xm paramec emman 20261 Ju uu SI T Eroe LIAU lat l i it lali 1300 eal I Tail ali zat Zu 183 LmE t san 2 Amp Hulu Iriz The processing flow should look like the following at this stage Trace Input lt sp raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Apply Staties Deconvolution Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering Appl
33. It 1s much more convenient to carry out such tying based on a pseudo section consisting of several identical traces rather than just one trace To generate such a pseudo section let us create a new flow and name it 110 cor sum Add several identical Trace Input modules to the flow Each of those modules will load the same corridor stack trace into the flow Using the Trace Output module save the result to a new dataset sp0 cor stack Insert the Screen Display module at the end of the flow to display the dataset being saved on the screen The flow will look like the following The pseudo section generated by the flow may look like this My YSF ProjeculMy Borehole SPO 110 cer sum zoo emman parametzre Tocls Zyl ri u in as a a a dud pu S RS Y ho wende Porc yy Ey mne ia arr Poe aid ddan a CARA Pop wmm Wesen aset pow ty mas AL d Jd Es A d d AE i 4M i T ims As jn Ins We As n Ims Ins i m m m im ih hm m imm hm hm anes oe MN ae s Em T3 m ewige cy e n eR a ly ewm an n m d iai verge mIa Lu erg ene m e ms t wh e ilg wwe lah heel e e fg v fl eU n ym yu y wn rom Sadia hat meg eode e e n Sn s eoa elu n nt o enam e nr ML halk heeled i ao kidani ey m a rng o p i eno nem e enn rn heroe e ta oe ewm Won Wn vs Lh jme d zam il9 Arp zc EELS Ure Trace Input lt spO cor Trace Input lt sp0 cor Trace Inpu
34. P data with the RadExPro Plus The Tutorial covers all standard stages of basic VSP processing from data input to building a velocity model of the medium and tying VSP data to seismic survey data It is assumed that the user is already familiar with the theory behind the VSP method and basic technologies employed to process such data Information on the theoretical background of VSP and used processing procedures can be found for example in the following literature Hardage B A Vertical Seismic Profiling Principles Pergamon 2000 All examples in this Tutorial are based on real data that can be downloaded from our website http radexpro ru upload File tutors vsp InData zip The archive contains the following source data for processing offset and zero offset VSP seismograms in the SEG Y format sp0 raw sgy and spl raw sgy text files containing geometry sp0 geom txt and spl geom txt logging traces in the LAS format AK las and RK las and a synthetic seismogram in the SEG Y format seimic data sgy built based on logging data and used for VSP data tying In addition you can download a finished project created by completing all the steps described in this Tutorial http radexpro ru upload File tutors vsp MyVSPProject zip Please note that the program s facilities are not limited to the set of modules described in this document Detailed information on module parameters as well as an overview of other functions offered by the RadExPro
35. TI 280 EIL NI tan lem Lia las lem Tag The Peal 2400 Toop 23D EA PE MEE ToU oa Eo ee A A pt teh oh She Ue Reo ee Pee Tp weder ocu Er State Sih ee ese ats er De de el coset T rcr red ee c ppp pore s EBENE DUE UE EE IEEE EE ERE HET CEU Ce CT Tc H We can see that seismic and VSP data are shifted relative to each other We will need to introduce a constant shift into the VSP data in order to tie them to the seismic data To determine the amount of shift you can select the seismic data using the mouse and interactively move it up and down To select a trace range place the mouse cursor at the range start position above the traces press the left mouse button move the cursor to the end of the range while holding down the mouse button and then release the mouse button The selected area will be highlighted in an inverse color palette The process of selecting seismic data with the help of the mouse is shown in the following picture E king ws Prnjnct iey Rorehnbafiall TAT wall rin EA gx Gone perecetbes leds Lake cu Leo LOLLI eer Now let us grab the selected area with the left mouse button and move it down in such a way as to achieve the best possible match between reflections on seismic and VSP data To make comparison easier the selected area will be once again displayed in its normal colors when you grab it 100604 2006 4 TO After making sure that the reflection
36. Tick line width mm g 2 Iv Show grid lines Minor ticks Number T Tick length mm 1 5 Show values per primary Tick line width mm o1 Show grid lines Title I Show title Title t ms OK Cancel Using the X Axis options adjust the visualization and horizontal axis parameters as shown in the picture X Axis parameters M Show axis f Linear axis Field Time axis Haur Minute Second H Show axis Linear axis Field Time axis Hour Minute Second Shaw axis v Ba i Field C 1E a Haur Minute Second Step 2000 Different f Interval Multiple Step o Different Interval t Multiple Step FEE f Inf C n Iw Show values Tick length rrr Show grid lines Tick line width ror Axis width mm Scale Font Title Font i Show values Tick length rmm Show grid lines Tick line width rm Axis width mm Scale Font Title Font Tick length mm Tick line width rm Axis width mm Cancel TE m I T m n TE 1s select the DEPTH and CDP header fields whose values will be displayed along the horizontal axis We have set the tick step on the DEPTH axis equal to 200 and the tick step on the CDP axis equal to 10 This will result in DEPTH ticks being shown only for VSP traces DEPTH 1 for seismic data and CDP ticks being shown only for seismic traces CDP 1 for VSP data Set the grid line parameters
37. ased on the same values of the first sorting field specified in the Trace Input module In our case this is the CHAN header field Since the value of this header is the same for all traces in the flow equal to 3 all traces will be summed when we run this module Select the module parameters as shown below The Alpha trimmed parameter allows removing the specified percentage of minimum and maximum amplitude values before summation thus eliminating the impact of high amplitude bursts and hurricane noises Ensemble 5tack Made Mean Median f Aloha trimmed Bo a C Coherent stack 30 a Window traces 3 Filter length ms E0 Iw Treat zero as result of muting Cancel Using the Trace Output module save the generated dataset to the database under the sp0 decon impulse name Use the Screen Display module with parameters shown in the picture below to visualize the results Display parameters Display mode e WT AY Fromt 0 0 ta 500 0 t Scale Co WT Number of traces 10 Scale VA Gray Additional scalar 03 Bias 0 A W Ensemble boundaries W Rotate Variable spacing Ensembles gap 2 Muliple panels Iw Use excursion 2 0 traces RB Custor Normalizing Factor t None f Entire screen t Individual Is Header mark Plot headers Show headers Picks settings Save Template Load Template Ok Cancel Select trace display
38. ave and do have substantially different general gain levels let us use the Ensemble Equalization module to equalize amplitudes between ensembles The module parameters are shown below Ensemble Equilization Stark time r End time 50000 Norr f AMS t Mean t Max Cancel These parameters mean that ensembles will be normalized by RMS amplitudes calculated for the entire trace length the window starts with 0 and ends with a value we know to be larger than the trace length Then the data will be trimmed to the length of 3500 the Trace Length module saved to the project database as a dataset named tied data the Trace Output module and output to the screen using the Screen Display module with the following parameters Display parameters Fromt 0 0 ta 3698 t Seale fio Number of traces 400 Scale fio Additional scalar 0 15 Rotate Bias lo E C Custor Define Iv Ensemble boundaries AGITUR CEDE C None Variable spacing Field Entire screen Space to maximum ensemble width Individual Ensembles gap E ARIS Header mark Muliple panels i Avis Plot headers Show headers Use excursion 20 traces Ficks settings Save Template Load Template Uk Cancel The result of running the flow is shown in the picture below My YSP ProjecuMy Borehole V ell Teri 70 well te Tec Extjsto3 be EXE Halp E 1 EN 2007 OCI paramseczre DIP
39. can be found in the RadExPro Plus User Manual available for download from our website Input data Input data consist of the following files Near shot point SP sp geom txt sp raw sgy Far SP spl geom txt spl raw sgy Logging data AK las rk las Seismic data seismic data sgy Logging data should be presented in a special format The first line should always start with an A symbol and should contain a DEPTH header cable depths followed by logging curve headers Creating RadExPro Plus project All VSP data processing in the RadExPro Plus takes place within projects A project is a combination of input data intermediate and final processing results and processing flows organized into a common database used by the RadExPro Plus seismic data processing package Projects are stored in separate directories on the hard disk When a new project is created a project directory is automatically created for it Projects can be moved between computers by simply copying the appropriate directory provided that all used data are stored within that directory Let us create a new processing project Launch the project manager by opening the Windows Start Menu and selecting RadExPro Plus Total 3 90 fih DECO Geophysical fan Documentation m Divx fan Golden Software Grapher 6 P F RadExPro Plus Advanced 3 90 JE RadExPro Plus Total 3 75 e Golden Software Surfer 8 gt TapeLoader f HRS applicatio
40. ctions Expotent parameter Subtraction parameters Window use lie O na operation 1 subtraction Filter length 0 0 samples Hamming tapering 0 0 samples window length White noise level a 4 Processing Widows Use adjacent traces Add Delete Filter averaging base tr 0 gate for Filtering Accuracy i e 005 Restore amplitudes Tapering length 200 samples Averaging base samples Band transform v Low frequency 4 000000 17 000000 Hz High frequency 250 000000 250 000000 Hz L ancel Here the gate for filtering pick sets the boundary between the two windows one to the left of the pick and one to the right Parameters for each window are entered into one line and divided by a colon The deconvolution operator length is set to zero for both windows Filter length 0 0 It means that frequency range limiting will be performed without actual deconvolution Enable the Band transform option and set the pass band equal to 4 250 Hz for the first window before the pick and 17 250 Hz for the second window after the pick Low frequency 4 17 High frequency 250 250 as shown in the picture The result of applying the procedure is shown below tw VS Projectile Deore hola ON ug FP te ee Pe er Loss z Zal Hat agg Muy quy nud 3000 2200 wan Now let us subtract the downgoing S wave from the wave field We will do it by using the same approach we employed earlier when subtracti
41. dExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit My Borehole 4SPO0 4010 data load D MIB1 Dblclick Default action MBZ Context menu MBL Drag Flow to line te 2 s Seismic data processing is divided into several stages carried out sequentially Since the RadExPro Plus lists the names of database structural elements in alphabetical order it is recommended to name the flows in such a way so that they are displayed in correct logical sequence Switch to the flow editing mode by double clicking the flow name with the left mouse button The flow editor window will open The flow itself is shown in the left part of the window empty for now The right part displays a library of available routines modules grouped by their functional nature id My VSP Project My Borehole sp0 010 data input Jag Help Options Database Tools Run Flow mode Exit Data Input Data Output 3D Data Input SEG D Input 2D Finite Difference ModSuper Gather RAMAC AGPR Lamb Solid Layer Solid modeling SEG B Input SEG Y Ouiput Lond Text Trace Signal Processing Bandpass Filtering Hilbert Transform FSP SDC Have field subtraction Trace Math Transforms Stacking Ensembles MEI Drag module Ctrl MB1 Copy module MBi DblClick Module Parameters MB Toggle module Ckrl MB sve Data input into the project 010 data load Let us create a flow consisting of the SEG Y Input Trace Output and Screen Display
42. de Zscae Ilelp r PRAIA ST 298A T 15h wman 2 Se Ym TA AL FAM 41 71 v mims 2 5 3 0 zu a00 T20 100C 123C a 1720 2200 25C0 2720 uil uaria g or gr nung dacgggggaggg dete Pee eed teen da ri raa ra da gg ggagagiag rg grada agg alona ae loore gr cbr rrragga d Building the velocity model includes adding and editing layer boundaries and working with rulers that allow changing the image scale Editing layer boundaries Layer boundaries can be added deleted or moved e To add a layer boundary place the mouse cursor over the spot in the seismogram window where you want to add a boundary and click the left mouse button e To move a layer boundary grab it using the left mouse button drag the boundary to the new position and release the mouse button e To delete a boundary double click on it with the right mouse button Working with rulers Depth time and parameter value rulers are control elements that allow changing the appropriate scale To adjust the scale place the cursor over the start value of the ruler press the left mouse button move the cursor to the new end value while holding down the mouse button and release the mouse button To revert to the original scale on the selected axis right click on the appropriate ruler The results of building the velocity model should look like the following WSU Usiphy Sa TU gs ee a PELA Ts mE Se oe Tr ee ITE APUD DRIED EN S ELS LU Ri am PEPTIDE LEE
43. doPDF Easy JPEG Printer etc The flow will consist of a single Plotting module this is a so called standalone module that generates the flow by itself The module allows adjusting data visualization parameters sorting display method scaling amplification pick and header plot printing line width font size etc printing text and graphic labels and working with all standard print setup functions including image preview before printing Set the Plotting module parameters as shown below Plotting parameters Dataset My Borehole Well Tie tied data Sort Fields Selection s Add Delete Display made Variable spacing Additional scalar 0 3 C WTA WT W E ble boundari Bias nsemble boundaries T C ya Ensembles gap 2 traces Gray t RJB Use excursion traces Line width tmm O Custom Beinen Normalizing Scales General Layout Horizons f Mane T Scale 720 msjcm C Entire set T Axis Plot headers 5 Scale zz traceslcm Individual T MAnubisiHP Color LaserJet 3550 Print setup i Display traces in Layout Preview Layout Priview Cancel In the Dataset field select the tied data dataset generated by the previous flow In the Sort fields field select sorting by SFPIND DEPTH CDP headers The SFPIND sorting key allows the system to read each data type as a separate ensemble and display data types in a certain order 1 e the seismic profile fragment SFPIND 1
44. dule setup dialog box should look like the following 3C Orientation Parameters Window length AY Rotation 0 000000 YZ Rotation 0 000000 X Rotation 0 000000 Cancel As a result of running the procedure traces with CHAN 3 will contain the P component traces with CHAN 2 will contain the R component and traces with CHAN 1 will contain the T component Select Trace Output as the next procedure in the flow to save the orientation results to the database on the SPO level under the sp0 PRT name as shown in the picture below Select dataset Object name sp PRI Objects Location Mu Eorehole SPO 01C data load O20 view data 03L fbpick O40 3C orientation 41 SC orientation view Renare Delete Cancel The rest of parameters ensure reliable display of the results on the screen The Data Filter module allows selecting the necessary traces based on header field values In our example we need to display the data for each component separately The picture below shows the module parameters that allow selecting only the R component from the data Data filter parameters t Mn filter Match selection Do not match selection chan 2 ceca The flow should end with the Screen Display procedure to visualize the data The dialog box parameters are shown below Display parameters ss o0 te foo 30 T 0 Dons Jefe ieg apace to mamun errem e wiati jo
45. e length equal to 3700 ms using the Trace Length module Now we will use the Bandpass Filtering module to adjust the frequency content of the VSP data As a rule seismic data have a lower frequency spectrum than VSP data Equalization of VSP and seismic data spectrums improves the quality of tying The filter parameters should be determined experimentally based on seismic data analysis In our example we chose the following filter parameters Bandpass Filtering t Simple Bandpass filter t Batterworth filter Notch filter 5 000 Low Cut Frequency Hz 30 000 Low Pass Frequency Hz 50 000 High Pass Frequency Hz 1 50 000 High Cut Frequency Hz Let us use the Trace Header Math module to assign a unique index to the reflected wave field this will help us distinguish between different data types in the future when they are visualized together To assign an index select an empty header of integer type In this example we used the spfind header Set its value equal to 3 Then let us perform top muting using the Trace Editing module Specify the first arrival pick after kinematic corrections tw as the horizon defining the muting Finally let us save the data we have prepared under the name of sp0 ug nmo for well tie using the Trace Output module and output them to the screen using the Screen Display module The result of running the flow is shown in the picture below Mv VSP Prnjeci M vw Eorebale SPO 1 20
46. ed by the previous flow containing the reflected P waves sp0_P_wave_ug Select one sorting key DEPTH and enter in the Selection field since we are going to read the entire data range The actual building of the velocity model takes place in the Advanced VSP Display module The seismogram that is input into the module should contain downgoing P wave first arrival times in the FBPICK header field We will use the SSAA module to copy those times from the fbpick pick Select the Peak amplitude time attribute time corresponding to the maximum amplitude in the window on the first tab of the SSAA module dialog box Since we are interested in the exact pick time enter 0 in the Window length field search window length Select the FBPICK header field where the values will be written from the drop down list on the right SSAA Attributes Horizon Attributes Altribute Trace header RMS Amplitude Centroid frequency Amplitude Apparent frequency Iw Pick amplitude time FBPICK Visible frequency Through amplitude tine Bandwidth Mas absolute amp time Peak amplitude SN Ratio e Through amplitude Resolving power e Max absolute amp Time shift rl Window length 0 f Symmetric C Up C Down Save template Load template OTMeHa Specify the fbpick first arrival pick as the horizon on the second tab of the dialog window SSAA Attributes Horizon Trace header
47. flow and name it 090 ug and ug nmo waves display The flow will contain the following modules Trace Input lt sp0 P wave ug Amplitude Correction Trace Editing VSP NMO Trace Length Resample Trace Output gt sp0_ug_nmo Screen Display Specify the sp0_ P wave ug dataset and sorting by the DEPTH field in the Trace Input module Enable Automatic Gain Control in the Amplitude Correction module and set the operator length equal to 200 ms We will use the Trace Editing module to mute the record in the interval before downgoing P wave first arrivals Select the Top muting option in the module setup dialog box and specify the fbpick for mute pick as the horizon for muting Use the VSP NMO module to introduce Normal Move Out NMO corrections into the VSP data The module parameters are shown in the picture VSP NMO Edit parameters Mew source recerver position Source elevation 0 Receiver elevation 0 Depth step E 0 Cancel Source to receiver horizontal distance Speed model file DATAM y vsp P wave model mal Browse After that and before saving the result to the database and displaying it on the screen let us revert to the original trace length 4 s We will do it with the help of the Trace Length module Using the Trace Output module save the results to the sp ug nmo dataset For visual monitoring insert the Screen Display module at the end of the flow with the following parameters
48. hat will contain these data sp0 raw and place it on the second database level in the Sp0 profile Note Names of all database objects seismic datasets processing flows etc should reflect their nature and contents instead of being just a combination of a few letters Names of seismic datasets should consist of two parts the source data identifier and the current data processing stage In our example the name sp0 raw was chosen for field data input Select dataset Object name spl Tay Objects Location Muy Borehole SPO O10 data load Hename Delete Advice To avoid undesirable overwriting of the data in the sp0 raw dataset comment out the Trace Output module after the first run To monitor flow execution add the Screen Display module to the flow after the Trace Output module with parameters shown in the picture below Display parameters r Display made Fromt 0 0 to foo Bc TN C why C WT Number of traces 1000 Scale IE C VA Gay Additional scalar 03 ae O FRB Toba Bias 0 A Custor Define Ensemble boundaries em elena isum r g C Mone Variable spacing field fe METUENS Space to maximum ensemble width C Individual Ensembles gap 3 Axis Header mark Muliple parels n Plot headers Shaw headers Iv Use excursion 2 0 traces Picks settings Save Template Load Template Ok Cancel The resulting flow should
49. he process of assigning geometry to VSP data consists of determining a number of values for each trace that are later stored in the specified dataset header fields in the project database The list of necessary values and corresponding header fields is provided below 1 Depth DEPTH Surface elevation at the source position SOU ELEV Source position X coordinate SOU X Source position Y coordinate SOU Y Receiver position X coordinate REC X 2 3 4 5 Surface elevation at the receiver position REC ELEV 6 7 Receiver position Y coordinate REC Y 8 Channel number CHAN Virtually any combination of completed trace headers can be encountered in practice Import of source and receiver position coordinates from a text file The Geometry Spreadsheet tool is used to manipulate seismic data header field values in the RadExPro including import of values from text tables Select the Database Geometry Spreadsheet menu item RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options EESE Tools Ext Load My B Save Add data file Geometry spreadsheet Database visualization Database manager Dataset history Edit header fields Database management MB1 DbiClick Default action MB2 Context menu MB1 Drag flow to line te 4 w Then select a dataset requiring geometry editing C hoose dataset Object name spl raw Objects Location spl raw El My Borehole spo 0
50. ing P wave picking described above The result is shown in the picture Make sure that the S wave pick 1s tied to cable depths same as downgoing P wave pick described above Then save the pick under the S wave down going name Save pick Object name s wave down going Objects Location fbpick El My Borehole m ac H SPO SP1 Saveall Save selectior Rename Delete Fick headers Cancel Using direct wave to determine the wavelet for deterministic deconvolution 050 signature for deconvolution f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit MBL DblClick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to line to copy Create a 050 signature for deconvolution flow consisting of the following modules Trace Input sp raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Ensemble Stack wet sores Display Trace Output gt spD signature for deconvolution Screen Display In this flow we will obtain a wavelet that will later be used in the deterministic deconvolution procedure To obtain such a wavelet we need to carry out a number of preliminary procedures enter correction for spherical divergence into the data shift the first arrivals by the same time using statistical corrections and if necessary equalize the amplitudes displayed in the window for those areas where gain changed sharply for some reasons After that we can sum all the t
51. it the recording length to 2 000 ms to speed up the flow execution Do this by specifying the appropriate value in the New trace length field of the Trace Length module The last module in the flow 1s Screen Display which will allow us to view the first arrivals interactively in the module window Specify the module parameters as shown in the picture below Display parameters ins 09 to 00 Ftse fin Number of traces 300 X Scale hia Additional scalar 3 Rotate Bias py Iv Ensemble boundanes Variable spacing Space to maximum ensemble width Ensembles gap 2 Muliple panels D v Use excursion 20 laces For first arrival picking adjust the image zoom using the Zoom menu item Before creating a new pick you need to specify header fields used to tie the pick to the traces In the RadExPro picks are tied to traces by 2 headers since two headers usually allow identifying a trace uniquely for instance channel number cable depth in VSP or CMP number offset in CMP seismic reflection surveys However in this case we want to create a pick that will be tied only to the cable depth so that it can be used for all components the same way Use the Tools Pick Pick headers menu item to create pick header fields The Pick headers dialog box will open You need to select DEPTH headers containing cable depth values both in the left and right fields of this dialog box The Pick New pick menu
52. item allows creating a new pick Use the Pick Picking mode menu item to select picking parameters We will perform picking of the first zero crossing from to in phase auto tracing mode between the points To do this set the following picking parameters detailed information on picking parameters and working with picks is available in the RadExPro Plus 3 90 User Manual Picking mode Made Parameters f Peak t Through t Zero MegzPos f zem PoszMeg Guide window length 0 0 Linear Fill f Hunt Hunt aptianz Correlation Test Local masimum level I0 900 Halt treshold 10 000 Correlation window m 0 0 Cancel Perform picking of first arrivals as shown below hiv VSP Prajectdy Borehole SPUNA Ehpick Zocor Common parcmckers Tools xiizhon tice Egk TP LEG San 5i A ped LSS dis Use the Tools Pick Save as menu item to save the pick under the name of fbpick on the second database level SPO Orienting towards the source point and picking S wave first arrivals 040 3C orientation S pick A convenient way of determining the first arrivals of P and S waves more accurately is to convert PM VSP polarization method seismograms to the PRT system by orienting the P component towards the maximum energy in the window In such a system the P component is oriented towards the source this results in the maximum P wave energy concentrated on the P component The perpendicular R component contains the maxim
53. k tN EN OF Cancel Screen Display Display parameters Display made Fromt 0 0 ta 4000 tScale fio E WTA C WT Mumber of traces 300 XScale fio C VA C Bra Additional scalar 0 3 B p v Rotate Bias E Custor Define Normalizing factor Iw Ensemble boundaries C None Variable spacing field Oi o gt We screen Space to maximum ensemble width C Individual Ensembles gap 2 AMIZ Header mark Muliple panels lo Ai Plot headers Show headers v Use excursion 2 0 traces _ Plot headers Picks settings Save Template Load Template E Lancel The result of applying the procedures is shown in the picture My YI Project My Harchole 5P 0 0HU zum CUA pardi elata Tuas D I TIHILH t30 aoo Coo ERTETRYTET EL s 07 n Di x a i i a non R 124 1 Downgoing S wave Messe un ite a z i at e rs LI L L IL E ja NT ult EL pr a A gy n t i val 1 s at i ul i rr ie ail ee My sco if ie i i LA J hi it Mia n W x if m it 4 H j i200 Taliil Tera emt An 3 2 8 107 Poo m We can see from the picture that the data includes waves of different types downgoing and reflected P and S waves Besides it 1s evident that the general amplitude level changes from trace to trace the record includes traces with a substantially lower gain First of all
54. lds field data will be sorted by channel number at the flow input and by depth within each channel Set the selection range in the Selection field enter these symbols mean reading the entire data range for both headers Trace Input Data Ses Zort Fields Add Delete Add Delet Selection Select hun file Database object C Gel all Note Input VSP data may consist of components X Y Z control instrument readings and auxiliary channel records All this information can be stored in headers CHAN COMP Generally the X Y Z components can be selected from the dataset by sorting However situation may occur when this will not be the case and the Trace Header Math module used to perform mathematical operations on header values will be necessary to select the X Y Z components Operations are specified in the form of equations for a detailed module description see the RadExPro Plus 3 90 User Manual Let us assume we have a situation where channels through 3 contain control instrument readings and all other channels contain information on the X Y Z components We will construct the following expression allowing us to complete the comp header field with the X Y Z component indexes if they haven t been completed already comp cond chan gt 3 fmod chan 3 1 3 1 1 In this case we are using the cond c x y function if the condition is true the function returns x othe
55. let us equalize trace gain using the Trace equalization option of the Amplitude Correction module This function calculates average amplitude for each trace in the specified window and then divides all trace samples by the average amplitude value It is clear that in order for this procedure to perform correct equalization of different traces it is necessary to ensure that events falling within the window in which the average amplitude is calculated are of the same type for all the traces We will equalize the amplitudes by the downgoing P wave To do this we will first introduce static corrections to bring the wave to the vertical line then perform trace amplitude balancing Trace Equalization in the window containing the direct wave and finally return all waves to their correct times by applying inverse static corrections Let us add the following modules to the flow Apply Statics select the fbpick first arrival pick and the time relative to which corrections will be made 100 ms The shift introduced to each trace will be equal to the difference between the P wave arrival time determined based on the pick and the specified constant time E Apply Statics Header Word Get from databas Select Ibpick C Use file W Relative to time 1 00 00 Subtract static iw Apply fractional statics Save template Load template Lancel Amplitude Correction enable the Trace Equalization option Select the boundaries
56. lied t 2 D Mean 2 D Median Number of traces for 2 0 filter n Number ot samples tor 7 L filter 1 Application mode tor 2 D filter Mnrmal Subtraction Hejection percentage lor spatial filter 3n Canrel Apply Statics lll Apply Statics Header Word Get from databas Seect 5 Wave down gong f Usefile File W Relative to time 2500 00 M Subtrac static Iv Apply fractional statics Save template Load template Cancel The result of applying the procedures is shown in the picture below fig VSP Poupec FER TCR UI ES e IER LE TIT PP Zim Ouman rs Dia Fi zu ann quu Junu I3uu Tain Tanith Tap 1dup 2200 2400 Adh Tan de EINEN eati LOU Tu D eee E puri SSeS en PE lee ee take tee ee ee TR 2 1m 8 22 ee B ma 2 ck date c n a xr Te bd sin TU a Miror be estate a ears TF FER au regu i fg Som 7 E Mp 320305 PLE Durs As we can see the wave field still contains some downgoing S wave fragments after downgoing S wave subtraction Perform picking on one of such fragments as shown in the picture below Save the pick on the second project level under the S wave down going name Moy VS Projactidy Mera hela p PE Jon D ma kines Tac at zi pU ag zob D t 2 r as zz sss EE ee D E a a LE SSS SS EI eS EPRI re ee e E Tiam 7 we t 200 np au
57. module Trace Output File seismic data My Borehole szeismic data v Store headers outside database Output sample Format A4 2 C 1 Cancel Tying VSP data to CMP seismic reflection survey data 020 well tie The flow will consist of the following modules Trace Input sp0 ug nmo for well tie Trace Input sp0 cor summ for WT Trace Header Math UST Apply Statics Trace Input lt seismic data Ensemble Equilization Trace Length ee Trace Ouiput gt bed data screen Display Let us sequentially read the seismic data seismic data the corridor stack trace set sp0 cor summ for WT and the NMO corrected reflected wave field sp0 ug nmo for well tie using separate instances of the Trace Input module Specify SFPIND DEPTH sorting for VSP data and SFPIND CDP sorting for seismic data Specifying the SFPIND header where we have already entered a unique index for each data type as the first sorting field allows the system to read every data type as a separate ensemble Then let us move to the Trace Header Math module and set the CDP header field value equal to 1 for VSP traces we will need it when printing the results in the 030 plotting flow The next module in the flow Apply Statics allows introducing a bulk shift into the data by shifting the VSP data relative to the seismic data Let us leave it commented out for now we will need it later since the VSP and seismic data may h
58. ng the P wave However due to a large difference in transverse wave arrival times on upper and lower instruments bringing the wave to the vertical line may lead to data loss some samples containing useful signals may become shifted outside the trace To prevent this from happening we need to increase the trace length before introducing static corrections To increase the trace length add the Trace Length to the flow and set the new trace length equal to 9000 ms After that bring the S wave travel time curve to the vertical line time 2500 ms subtract the wave and introduce inverse static corrections The resulting flow should look like the following at this stage Trace Input lt sp raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Deconvolution Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering Apply Statics Nonstationary predictive deconvolution Trace Length Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering Apply Statics screen Display Parameters of modules needed to subtract the S wave are shown below Trace Length Trace Length Parameters New trace length Cancel Apply Statics 2D Spatial Filtering E Apply Statics Header Word Browse Get from databas Select i Wave down gaingl C Use file File iv Relative to time 2500 0 Subtrect static v Apply tactional statics 5ave template Load template Cancel 2 D Spatial Filtering Type of filter to be app
59. ns F idis ni IWim 4 Launching the project manager opens a dialog box with a list of registered projects F RadExPro Project Manager Registered projects Select project Remove fram list Save list Load list Project directory Loadist JE Click the New Project button and select a parent directory on the hard disk where a project subdirectory will be created Another dialog box will appear prompting you to enter a project name Hew database Title M y Project Iw Create subfolder owed Make sure the Create subfolder option is checked and click the OK A subdirectory with the same name as the project will be created in the selected directory The project will also appear in the list of available registered projects F RadExPro Project Manager Registered projects Mew project Select project Remove fram list Save list mE Load list Project directory Loadist D BETISVSP TUTORIALS My VSP Project OF Cancel Select the project and click OK The main RadExPro window showing the project tree will appear For now the tree is empty pes Ft RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Sail Help Options Database Tools Exit C MB1 DbIClick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to line to copy Before starting to work with the project navigate to the project directory using Windows Explorer CJ D WM
60. r 5 Sam 262 Anp 0 000 44 t 2621 0ms We can see that gain of different traces was equalized as a result of applying the procedures Let us perform deterministic deconvolution of the data with the parameters selected for the previous flow The result is shown in the picture My VSP Project My Barehale SPO DBO ug PP ERE 7mm Cnmmnn parameters Took Print spertriw Triol Sam al3 Amp D nz39 8135 Ims Since deterministic deconvolution results in the downgoing P wave wavelet becoming close to the zero phase wavelet first arrival times now correspond to the central extremum of the wavelet rather than the first zero crossing Therefore the first zero crossing becomes shifted to smaller times Since the first arrival pick will be later used for muting we will need to shift the pick to smaller times as shown in the picture below in order to ensure wavelet shape preservation after muting My YSP Prujeci My Bureliule SPO 0BO0 ug PP zoon Common parameters Tools THO Sam S999 Amnp D J065847 E 5999 0ms To do this load the fbpick first arrival pick using the Tools Pick Load pick menu item Then move the pick to the required location by simultaneously pressing and holding Shift and the right mouse button Save the pick under the fbpick after deconvolution name on the second database level Now let us remove downgoing P waves from the record To do this we will need to bring the downgoing P wave travel time curve
61. races in the flow in an in phase way relative to the direct wave and build a resulting trace First let us create a flow as shown below Trace Input lt spO raw Amplitude Correction Apply Statics Amplitude Correction Screen Display select the CHAN DEPTH sorting in the 7race Input module setup dialog box Specify the following selection ranges in the Selection field 3 400 50000 The number 3 means that only the Z component recorded in traces with CHAN 3 will be processed The depth selection range of 400 50000 was chosen to eliminate the uppermost traces with high amount of noise corresponding to cable depths up to 400 m The lower limit of the range was chosen to be deeper than the maximum cable depth in the borehole To elect hom fle C Dabare obed C Gaa The Amplitude Correction module is used here to make correction for spherical divergence Enable the appropriate option in its dialog box Amplitude Correction Action to apply Spherical divergence correction 1 s 1 000000 Exponential correction dBfs Auto matical Gain Control Trace equalization Time Variant Scaling Speci OK Canrel Using the Apply Statics module let us introduce static shifts into the traces in such a way as to match the direct wave with the same time everywhere 100 ms in this example The shift introduced into each trace will be equal to the difference between the P wave arrival time determined based on the fbpick
62. rwise it returns y and the fmod x y function returning the residue of division of x by y Now the value of header field COMP 1 will correspond to the X component COMP 2 to the Y component and COMP 3 to the Z component After these transformations the next flows and modules working with the X Y Z components will use sorting by the COMP field This is a simplified example where the first channel CHAN 1 corresponds to the X component the second one to the Y component and the third one to the Z component Therefore from now on we will use this header to sort our data Screen Display The visualization parameters are shown below Display parameters From t 0 0 to 0 0 t Scale Number of traces 300 Seale Additional scalar 03 Bias 0 ae Iv Ensemble boundaries Variable spacing r Ensembles gap 2 Muliple panels Iw Use excursion 2 0 traces n Display mode Co WT AY COT C OMA f Gray t R Custor Normalizing Factor Mane Entire screen Individual 4 Header mark Plot headers Show headers Picks settings Save Template Load Template Ok Cancel Click the Axis button to set up axis parameters Axis Parameters Time Traces dt Values DEPTH Primary lines 000 0 rJ Secondary lines 1 00 0 Font size i Cancel Margins Lett amis margin 20 CHAN Values Ca Different ds Interval
63. s eli ijih yy ilil ai ol Ti ME M Red sr Tm mii i HI vll ij il le 96 4 ms ie 0 0406 1962 Amp Sam e Tr e picture h in t dor stack trace as shown dow for building a corri In ks select the wi ing two pic Us below T x 0 a a oa V a ci o SG Ka Mp D t js ge 3 E s b E E IE zm Te D e 5 z 7 nlli pll D Z i Q it Vcr ii Kilt c e T i EE a amp E N doc t jt wr Q z gt i As ie Ville we Il iin Allin vi y ka lt Ka F TT i iliw worm MEUM ii bed tu uer T e i PM i iia inl a e OD B 2E Q is H am Mnt S O nee Hi th tes Nis S D Wr t se iii iL tan O D eo ail ne ue bag d S s Qu R a Wit Hi Un un v E ER ei ll gt m w Ez C dio SMS a Sa i m O 2 E E a E II pmi E n d a E wi E with ie LE O un Q e m E w n Tm i i Fus Q e e E tt ii Eee B D D o us z v g E d Ew H un Ht eit iri int i oO 2 c S tie al we ni EK im ig ili ei i it in Mis eO e S a i Te ec mv iji iil iia a ier Haas c 2 cy O 2 a1 2 E E rn Pil de vM ani cte x opm D O wo oO mE Bel oj in rie i at mt umm Tore oO Oo C O Be R en ua ea TE a i ini ur o trt d c 2 zz ONE aen e vals 9 to E 8 SERES z Ai i B S x D en B al sil ST f p oO o e c3 R e mj i zii ea U a ei 5o f 2 UO A 5 g r s meiosis amp eases 2 s 22 BRAC
64. s match we need to determine the shift amount by looking at the values displayed in the status bar In this case we have shifted the seismic data by 100 ms Now let us use the Apply Statics module to introduce this shift with the opposite sign into the VSP data Apply Statics E3 C Header ward Browse Get from databas C Use file File Relative to time W Subtract static Apply fractional statics Save template Load template Cancel Running the flow with the Apply Statics module enabled should yield the following results My YSP ProjecuMy Borehole Well Tie 0 20 well Tie zoo emman paranee Tock ExitStoa hs Eek Halp DIPTI zi at W Een Tem ern 148 le 1 he yall 2400 RI 2400 y 2 2 2 2 HiIl step PAIRE x Um a Jg a RESPET E TTT A TT ung Sam bl fmptd trledt ine xw B STI Printing the processing results 030 plotting This flow is used to output the results of VSP and CMP data tying to any printer compatible with the Windows operating system or to a standard text or image file format pdf jpg tif bmp etc to output the results to an 1mage file use one of the numerous free virtual printers available on the Internet such as Bullzip PDF Printer
65. scribe the rules for header field completion in this dialog box To do this add the SOURCE field to the Matching fields list by clicking the corresponding Add button and selecting it from the list and the SOU X field to the Assign Fields field Then you will need to specify which text file columns the fields specified in the text lines above the Set column buttons should be read from By the way if you place the cursor in the appropriate column and click Set column the column number will be entered automatically Finally you will need to specify the range of lines from which the program will read values in the Lines From To parameter group An example of correct parameter completion is shown in the picture below L import Headers Matching fields Assign fields Lines Add From 2 se 80 omm Delete To 293 Set column Text table type f Delimited Multiplier i Fixed width 2 107 Column DEPTH S UU 5 REC v HEC ELEU 886608 saong 988868 29 11888 AHAHA 88000 88668 19 11888 HHGG 88000 986868 11008 886608 88000 986868 89000 000GA 886000 88668 88000 886688 88000 88888 88HBHB HB Ba 88000 88668 88 668 8686808 88000 988868 87 00G 886608 88000 98888 87 8688 AHAAA 886000 88068 86 00A 886608 88000 88686 86000 860666 88000 88666 85 666 8686608 88000 98888 85 000 886608 88000 888868 84000 860668 3668 88668 84000 886688 88
66. se wave travel time curve to the vertical line using static corrections subtracting this wave from the wave field using a two dimensional spatial filter and introducing inverse static corrections Create a new flow for reflected wave field separation 070 ug PP f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit HMy Borehole 010 data load 020 view data 030 fbpick 040 3C orientation pick 050 sienature for deconvolution 060 deconvolution test 70 ug PP MBL Dblclick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to line to copy Let us analyze the input data To do this we will construct a flow consisting of the following procedures Trace Input lt sp0 raw Amplitude Correction Screen Display The procedure parameters are shown below Trace Input Trace Input Data Sets Sort Fields Add Delete f Selection 3 D 50000 t Select fram file Database object Ch Amplitude Correction Amplitude Correction Action to apply 1 000000 Exponential correction dB s 0 000000 Automatical Gain Control Operator length ms fi 00 000000 Type of AGC scalar MEAN Basis for scalar application CENTERED Trace equalization Basis for scaling MEAN Time gate start time ms 0 000000 Time gate end time ms 51 2 000000 Time Variant ScalingSpecify amplifying law along trace t ms Example format Ul kT t2 EX
67. st arrival pick to the FBPICK header field modules in the flow After conversion the seismic traces are saved to a new dataset and the result 1s shown on the screen Select the sp0 raw dataset and DEPTH CHAN sorting in the Trace Input module setup dialog box as shown in the picture below Trace Input Data Sets Sort Fields Add f Selection Select fram file Database object Cancel t Get all Note Before performing orientation to the PRT system you will need to make sure the FBPICK header field exists and create it if there is no such field Creating the FBPICK header field Open the Database tab and select Edit header fields in the window containing the flow tree Press Insert on the keyboard and enter parameters in the dialog box as shown below Sane LITLE Inte hdg I2 Hea ZI After you do that a FBPICK header will appear in the header table The SSAA module is used to calculate seismic attributes within a specified size window along the specified horizon The calculated attributes are written to seismic trace headers In our example we will use the module to write fbpick pick times to the FBPICK header field for each trace in the flow To do this select the Pick amplitude time attribute that will be calculated and saved to the FBPICK header field Select a sufficiently small window width 0 0001 ms to ensure that only the first arrival pick falls within the window The first tab
68. t sp cor Trace Input sp0 cor Trace Input lt sp cor Trace Input lt sp0 cor Trace Input lt sp cor Trace Input lt sp0 cor Trace Input lt spO cor Trace Input lt sp cor Trace Input lt sp0 cor Trace Output gt sp cor summ Screen Display e stack stack stack stack stack stack stack stack stack stack stack IE Preparing VSP data for tying to seismic survey data 120 ug vsp nmo waves for well tie and 130 cor stack for well tie Before tying VSP data both reflected wave field and corridor stack trace to land seismic survey data we need to bring the VSP wave field as close to land seismic data in appearance as possible This includes making sure that the VSP traces are recorded at the same sampling interval as the seismic data and that they have the same length and similar frequency content To prepare the reflected wave field let us create a flow and name it 120 ug vsp nmo waves for well tie The flow will consist of the following modules Trace Input lt sp0 uz nmo Resample Trace Length Bandpass Filtering Trace Header Math Trace Editing Trace Output gt sp uz nmo for well tie screen Display Let us load the reflected NMO corrected P wave field into the flow using the Trace Input module Then let us resample the VSP data to a new sampling interval the same as for the land seismic survey data 2 ms using the Resample module and set the new trac
69. tion Parameters Amplitude spectra Phase spectra C Mo operation V No operation C Muliply C Add Divide Subtract D amp 0 2 max Additional phase 0 Cancel To display the results on the screen add the Screen Display module to the flow Select trace display using the variable density method in the grayscale palette Gray and set the number of traces on the screen equal to 300 To compare the results of applying deconvolution with the source data comment out the Deconvolution module and run the flow Before deconvolution the data look like the following Ma WEP err THE D Burahok SP OA decu Zoom LANMOT parameters losis Vint apocr s Eat aop os zt Now without closing the Screen Display window go back to the flow uncomment the Deconvolution module and run the flow once again Another Screen Display window containing the deconvolution results will open EB VSE D gre oret Ad 0 red ed Ferd Lot PROP deco fuam Zommon nanmmbees Tuus Pii aperam ccelis Esi Now by switching between the windows you can compare the data before and after deconvolution To view record spectrums use the Tools Spectrum Average menu command Reflected PP wave field separation 070 ug PP Z components will be used to separate reflected wave field In general the procedure of reflected wave separation consists of picking a travel time curve for a noise wave any wave other than the reflected one bringing the noi
70. to the vertical line using static corrections Apply Statics subtract this wave from the wave field using a two dimensional spatial filter 2D Spatial Filtering and introduce inverse static corrections Apply Statics We will add procedures to the flow one after another and view the results of their execution Apply Statics Bl Apply Statics i Get from databas Select fbpick Use file Iv Relative to time 1 00 00 Subtract static lif Apply fractional statics Save template Load template Cancel The result of applying the procedure is shown below idy WRE Project PanaheolgisPel nm PE recom Ila eert TE E K ell lof im om Pee aiie Apd Ea CE e e 2D Spatial Filtering D Spatial Filtering Type of filter to be applied t 2 D Mean C g D Median Number of traces for 2 D filter n1 Number of Samples for 2 D filter amm Application mode for 2 D filter o Normal i Subtraction Hejection percentage for spatial filter 30 iid Select the subtraction mode Application mode for 2D filter Subtraction in the module setup dialog box in this mode the average value obtained in the window will be subtracted from the window s central sample Select the Alpha Trimmed Mean filter type to reduce the impact of accidental bursts on the result The result of applying the procedure is shown below My YSP Pru jact My Boralimebu SPOJOEO ms PF fam Cnmm npararec7rs back
71. um S wave energy making it convenient to pick downgoing and reflected S waves by this component The T component contains noise energy and a small amount of useful wave residual energy To convert a VSP seismogram to the PRT system and determine the S wave first arrival times create a 3C Orientation S pick flow f RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt My VSP Project Help Options Database Tools Exit My Borehole O10 data load MBL Dblclick Default action MBZ Context menu MB1 Drag Flow to line to copy The flow will consist of the following procedures Trace Input spO raw uA A 3C Orientation Trace Output gt spl PRT Data Filter screen Display The main module of the flow the 3C Orientation allows converting PM VSP seismograms to the PRT system by orienting the P component towards the maximum energy in the window containing the downgoing P wave To perform conversion to the PRT system the module sequentially obtains traces corresponding to the same depths from the X Y and Z components The length of the window in which the energy is calculated 1s specified by the user in the module setup dialog box The window for each trace starts with the P wave first arrival time at the current depth This time should be recorded in the FBPICK header field of each trace The procedure of orientation to the PRT system should be preceded by the Trace Input to input properly sorted data into the flow and SSAA to move the fir
72. ws and their parameters are sometimes slightly different from those used in the previous case Such changes are necessary due to specific properties of certain data the nature of noise etc However the general processing logic remains the same so we will skip those flows in this section and leave it up to you to familiarize yourself with them Instead we will proceed with the 120 migrations flow which is used to build migrated sections and VSP CMP sections Building migrated VSP and VSP CMP sections 080 migrations This flow will consist of the following modules Trace Input lt spl P wave ug 2D 3D VSP Migration wet 20 3D VSP Migration screen Display Let us use the Trace Input module to read the reflected P wave field generated by the previous flow Trace Input Data Sets m Sort Fields Add Delete Add Delete f Selection 200 1 0000 f Select fram file ile t Database abject Choosi Cancel Get all Then we need to use the 2D 3D VSP Migration module depending on the parameters it allows performing either migration or VSP CMP transformation Use the following parameters to obtain a migrated VSP section JD VSP Kirchhoff Migration Model file DATAMM v vap P wave madel mal Z Start of the image PS waves migration z End of the image Mute unaccesible area Iv Transform only do not migrate 1 Sample interval of the image Straight rays Preferred boundary slope l Weights
73. y Statics Screen Display Note that the data fragment circled in red in the picture below contains a low frequency component unlike the rest of the record hy YSE FP rojectiy Borehole SPOA0 S0 ug PP Zoot gono pavemzters 3cdE Ext Tit aint elg iun pu 00 Hi Pail TE ena to Peet Sen PH gape dE C7 RTA Ins Therefore we will need to apply band pass filtering in the window before proceeding with noise wave subtraction To do this we will first perform picking to select an area containing the low frequency and high frequency component and then use the Nonstationary Predictive Deconvolution module This module s function 1s to perform nonstationary predictive deconvolution with frequency range limitation Since it allows processing in individual windows with different parameters including different frequency ranges for each window it can be used to perform band pass filtering in a window Create a pick limiting the low frequency area as shown in the picture Save the pick under the name of decon gate T3 Seane aoe TER BSP PL Fs ER This pick has separated the data into 2 fragments We want to process those fragments in different ways To apply filtering to the selected fragment set the following Nonstationary Predictive Deconvolution module parameters Predictive deconvolution Input data W ero phase input data Multiplication parameters Number of basis fun
74. y VSP Project Cann Opaska Bra lisbpauHoe Cepet Cnpaska Q pressa s i aeee XR a ooo apec D AMy VSP Project m m fal struct Fbl E struct Fsp Create a Data subdirectory in the project directory and copy the source data to it Storing all data inside the project directory allows the package to use relative paths for data files instead of absolute paths This makes project migration from one computer to another easier Return to the main RadExPro window The RadExPro database has 3 structural levels The upper level corresponds to the project area the middle level to the profile and the lower level to the processing flow Right click the yellow circle select the Create new area option and enter a name for the project area or borehole for which VSP was performed RadExPro 3 90 gt gt gt 1 Help Options Database Tools Exit x Create new ares The picture below shows the window prompting you to enter the area borehole name Mew area name M y Borehole Zero offset VSP processing The purpose of zero offset VSP processing is to separate a reflected P wave field create a velocity model and build a corridor stack trace Right click the yellow rectangle with the area name select Create line and create a new profile Name it after the first shot point SPO Create a 010 data load processing flow in the same way as you created the new area and the new profile Ra

Tutorial on VSP Data Processing in the RadExPro Plus software

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