INTERIM PROCEDURE FOR TYPE APPROVAL OF 406 MHz
Contents
1. SE ee Pee Se ee eee Pa Eee eee ee ESETET EE Sate eee eee T Voltage drop after TBRC V partial discharge mean V E E E E E EEEE EOE E Irreversible losses during TBRC C maximum i treversible_losses_during_TBRC i ZAER NEA E PEA AEAEE AEE EEE EE EEE EE E EAEE EEEE EEE A AAEE f Activation Energy Ea H __J mol Test temperature if applicable for measurement of o c irreversible capacity loss during storage i i Fe T Worst Case Life Time WCLT Months Years 2 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 Attachment A October 2013 Irreversible losses in two year storage Cirreversible loss in storage i Test temperature if applicable for measurement of irreversible capacity loss in standby mode Irreversible losses in standby mode over replacement life time Cirreversible_loss in standby mode Measured operating life time in Worst Case Life Time configuration Charge capacity Oscillator type e g OCXO MCXO TCXO ace Self Test Mode Characteristics Self Test Mode DpnonaboNes Self Test Mode Maximum number of GNSS Self Tests beacons be ws f N A with internal navigation devices only f Self test automatically activated after each charge process for beacon using rechargeable batteries END OF DOCUMENT2. T2 and 5 at 1 T1 Figure 9 Accelerated Ageing Factor Versus Temperature at t A RAn A 16 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 The measured activation energy Ea meas 18 the slope of the best fit straight line shown in Figure 9 The accelerated ageing factor shall be recalculated according to the expression Eames Ase T R The duration of the test is then recalculated as period equivalentto the replacemen life time lka test A At time T 2 3 tfa test a set of 5 batteries is extracted from each climatic chamber and their remaining capacity is measured e For the 1 group stored at T4 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 12 T1 Cresiduat_2 2311 Cresiduat_3 T2311 Cresidual 4 12 T1 Cresiduat_s T2311 e For the 2 group stored at T2 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 T23T2 Cresiduat_2 T2 T2 Cresiduat_3 12 T2 Cresiduat_4 T2 T2 Cresidual_s t2 T2 e For the 3 group stored at T3 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 72313 Cresidual_2 12313 Cresiduat 3 12 T3 Cresiduat_4 t23T3 Cresiduat_s 12 T3 e For the 4 group stored at Ts 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 T23T4 Cresiduat_2 12 T4 Cresidual_3 12 T4 Cresiduat_4 T2 T4 Cresidual_s t2 T 4 Then the plots capacity versus time and accelerated ageing factor versus temperature are updated and the duration of the test tga test is recalculated At time T3 tka test the last set
3. for each storage period es corresponding to 60 points in Figure 11 i e 15 at is calculated using value from the individual storage C S IP LIRB Rev 3 _ Attachment A October 2013 ATTACHMENT A Supplementary Characteristics for Beacons equipped with LIRBs Battery chemistry ied edu a OTe Se LOT OT ET ODED a e E OT TOT ETOTCTOLO t DUN TOT TTT ET TUE TOT ETC TECTTE e SETTLE TOE T AT TELT IRIE TTT IO TE CT TOLT ITT Battery cell model name size and number of cells fe J Battery cell manufacturer Battery pack manufacturer and part number Initial capacity of new battery after first charge mAh Required capacity to meet the operating life time at minimum temperature Battery replacement life time onths Years Leste entetenlee eit sent nen abner ines tennant nenretabntet abs ratnraes eaterses atntaeslateraraeaenenes Dares Sve eee ee ieee J L Visual _ Audio C In Normal Mode _ Not in Normal mode Charge indication L Charge Ongoing C Charge Complete Type Time Between Recommended Charges at ambient i Months temperature TBRC R ischarge resistor for discharge process 1 OCC TOVC TOVO TUOTOT OCTO O TOO TOOTO OCOT CTC TOYOTO TCTC TOVO TCTOVUEC TCTC TCTCCCTCTOTOTCTOTOTOTCTOTOVOCOVOE COFOESEOTOROFOEOPTESEEESEETIESETETENESEOEEESIT ESTETI FOETESTI ESETERE T Reversible losses between TBRC C maximum reversible _losses_during_TBRC 1 BSS en TUTET Sen CO a OC TOUET eo Oe ee ee ee ee Oe SE
4. of 5 batteries is extracted from each climatic chamber and their remaining capacity is measured e For the 1 group stored at T 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 73311 Cresiduat_2 13311 Cresidual 3 13311 Cresidual 4 13311 Cresiduat_s 13311 e For the 2 group stored at T2 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 13312 Cresiduat 2 13 T2 Cresiduat 3 733T 2 Cresidual 4 73312 Cresiquat_s 73312 e For the 3 group stored at T3 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 13313 Cresiduat 2 73313 Cresiduat 3 13313 3 Cresidual 4 173313 Cresiduat_s 7333 e For the 4 group stored at T4 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 73314 Cresidual_2 13314 Cresidual 3 13314 Cresidual 4 13314 Cresiduat_s 13314 The plots capacity versus time Figure 10 and accelerated factor versus temperature Figure 11 are updated C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Figure 10 Capacity Versus Time at t3 Time days T ka_test Cs gt Figure 11 Accelerated Ageing Factor Versus temperature at 7 R In Ai 7 ag Ji T Mk The final value of the applicable activation energy Ea for the selected technology is the third slope of the best straight fit line shown in Figure 111 10 At t3 60 values should be reported in Figure 10 hence 60 slop 1 T4 15 at 1 T3 15 at 1 T and 15 at 1 T The activation energy period Figure 11 presents three slopes
5. 4 e IT 14 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Measurements are made e at 4 different temperatures e during 3 different time periods and e using 5 batteries for each measurement in time and temperature A total of 60 batteries are needed for the test i Definition of the different temperatures The four recommended temperatures are e T 20 C e T 30 8 C e T3 42 4 C e T4 55 C ii Definition of the different measurement times In order to define the measurement steps a first estimation of the activation energy is needed The first estimated proposed value is E 40 kJ mol The associated accelerated ageing factor is e e i ty The duration of the test is then defined by Eat D 1 40 10 ies b RAI G 8 31 27320 27355 _ period equivalent tothe replacement life time Ea test j 5 7 If the calculated value is below 6 months the test is then defined to last 6 months The three recommended time periods are T tka test 1 3 T tea test 2 3 T3 tea test iii E measurement At the beginning of the test e 15 batteries are placed in a climatic chamber at T 20 C e 15 batteries are placed in a climatic chamber at T 30 8 C e 15 batteries are placed in a climatic chamber at T3 42 4 C e 15 batteries are placed in a climatic chamber at Tg 55 C After a period T tga test 1 3 a set of 5 batteries is extracted from each climatic chamber and their remaini
6. C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 INTERIM PROCEDURE FOR TYPE APPROVAL OF 406 MHz BEACONS EQUIPPED WITH LI ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES C S IP LIRB Revision 3 October 2013 The following procedure shall be used by the Cospas Sarsat Secretariat for the review of type approval applications for 406 MHz beacons equipped with Li ion rechargeable batteries Because of the limited experience available and the limitations which may affect beacons equipped with rechargeable batteries 406 MHz beacons equipped with Li ion rechargeable batteries successfully tested in accordance with this Interim Procedure will receive a Letter of Compatibility in lieu of a full Cospas Sarsat Type Approval Certificate All C S T 007 requirements are applicable for type approval testing of beacons equipped with Li ion rechargeable batteries except when otherwise stated in this document This procedure only applies to rechargeable batteries where lithium ions move from the anode negative electrode to the cathode positive electrode during discharge and the reverse direction when undergoing charge and where the anode is made from insertion material hard carbon graphite etc the cathode is a metal oxide and the electrolyte is a lithium salt in an organic solvent 1 DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO LITHIUM ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES 1 1 Beacon Modes 1 1 1 Beacon Storage Mode No circuits are powered by the primary battery 1 1 2 Beacon Stand By Mode The beacon 406 MHz t
7. T is the time in beacon stand by mode when the available capacity remains greater or equal to the capacity required to meet the declared operating life time at minimum temperature The Worst Case Life Time is determined by the beacon manufacturer The WCLT definition assumes no irreversible losses due to beacon storage prior to the first battery charge that initiates the beacon stand by mode The definition also assumes that no self tests are performed during WCLT If self tests are recommended by the manufacturer during TBRC separate from the recharge process the corresponding current drain would also have to be considered for the determination of WCLT Figure 1 Illustration of Battery Capacity and Worst Case Life Time Battery Capacity A gt i Initial Capacity after first battery charge CC E Required capacity for 406 MHz operation during WCLT operating lifetime at minimum temperature Available capacity TBRC Time Between Recommended Charges Time WCLT Worst Case Life Time Battery Replacement Life Time The Battery Replacement Life Time is determined by the beacon manufacturer from the sum of the following losses and current drains a irreversible capacity loss over the replacement life time and maximum storage time including the 1 65 safety factor b reversible capacity loss during TBRC including the 1 65 safety factor c average current drain resulting from constant operation of the beacon c
8. acy lower or equal to 1 b Test result In a first step the battery has to be fully discharged in a defined resistor as described in section 3 3 1 of this document The battery is then charged and Icharge and Veharge are monitored At least 50 values Icharge and Venarge are to be provided and the time between two measurements shall not be longer than 1 minute Figure 7 Voltage and Current Intensity Measurements during Battery Charge charge Veharge A A charge initial V charge final Veharge initial t charge final ta sate The charge applied to the battery shall then be calculated The applied charge shall be equal or greater than the battery capacity measured in section 3 3 1 of this document Indications of on going charge and end of charge shall be provided to the user 3 7 Interaction between Charge Process and Self Test A self test should be automatically started after each charge process This would generate a self test at least every TBRC The battery mode should be tested as described in section A 3 6 of document C S T 007 during the self test If the battery is not in normal mode the self test result is FAILED 3 8 Data to be Provided by Beacon Manufacturers All information specific to the use of rechargeable batteries is documented in Attachment A to this document 3 9 Measurement Method of the Activation Energy E a The Arrhenius law applied to batteries is Cegn Co with 4
9. as described in section 3 3 2 of this document ii Irreversible loss between successive charges Co C Each value has to be smaller than Cmaximum irreversible losses during TBRC Provided by the beacon manufacturer as described in section 3 3 2 of this document 3 5 Verification of Worst Case Life Time This test is performed by the beacon manufacturer using two complete beacons At time to the batteries of the beacons are charged After the charge the beacons in stand by mode are placed in a climatic chamber at a specific temperature Twe for a duration equivalent to the declared Worst Case Life Time WCLT at ambient temperature As described in section 3 3 3 of this document the accelerated ageing factor Awe is a function of E and Twe a i 1 A R T Tet welt e The equivalent WCLT duration is the WCLT divided by the factor Awer At the end of the test period the beacons are removed and kept at ambient temperature for at least 2 hours Then the beacons are put in a climatic chamber at their minimum operating temperature and after at least 2 hours the beacons are turned on An operating life time test at minimum temperature is then carried out on both beacons as described in C S T 007 12 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 section A 2 3 but without any further pre conditioning of the battery If the operating life time test is successful for both beacons i e the beacons meet Cospas Sarsat requirements for the d
10. e of charge and prior to the first full charge by the user and the specific battery replacement life time determined by the manufacturer for the beacon model The battery replacement date is given by the expression Replacement Date Date of Manufacture Two Year Storage Battery Replacement Life Time 2 1 2 2 On the battery replacement date the beacon shall meet the declared operating life time at minimum temperature PROCEDURES FOR TESTING BEACONS WITH LITHIUM ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES General Requirements All C S T 007 requirements are applicable for type approval testing of beacons equipped with Li ion rechargeable batteries except when otherwise stated in the this document Test Conditions In addition to provisions of section 4 4 of document C S T 007 and at the discretion of the test authority the manufacturer may be required to replace or recharge the LIRBs between tests However no other modifications to the beacon will be allowed during the test period without a full re test 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 4 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Technical Data section 5 of C S T 007 In addition to the technical data submitted to the Cospas Sarsat Secretariat the manufacturer shall submit supplementary technical information related to the LIRB in accordance with Attachment A of this document Changes to Type Approved Beacons The manufacturer must advise the Cospas Sarsat Secretariat see C S T 007 Ann
11. eclared operating lifetime at minimum temperature the declared Worst Case Life Time is deemed to be confirmed by the test 3 6 Battery Charger 3 6 1 Charger Information The electric diagram of the charger shall be provided and the charge process shall be described For CCCV Constant Current and Constant Voltage charge the following information shall be provided a charge current during constant current phase this value could be provided as a function of the battery capacity b charge voltage and tolerance during constant voltage phase for example 4 2V for most Li ion cells c current limit below which the charging process is ended d estimated time to fully recharge a battery and e confirmation that the charger is compliant with national safety EMC requirements 3 6 2 Charger Test Procedure for CCCV Charge Process These tests can be made by the beacon manufacturer and verified by a test laboratory accepted by Cospas Sarsat a Test set up Figure 6 Diagram of Beacon charger Test Set up Voltmeter 1 V V2 V1 Charger lcharge Voltmeter 2 Voat Two voltmeters are necessary one for differential measurement image of the charge current the second for monitoring the voltage of the battery 8 For example for a 2000 mAH battery a charge at C 5 would mean a charge current of 2000 5 400 mA 13 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 V V ere gt s sense Rgense 0 1 Ohms with accur
12. ere A rate of capacity fade A pre exponential factor Ea activation energy as measured in section 3 90f this document in J mol R 8 31 J mol K T temperature in Kelvin In order to simulate the ageing of batteries within a reasonable test time the batteries are placed at a higher temperature in a climatic chamber The equivalent ageing of the capacity of the battery follows the Arrhenius law whereby an accelerated ageing of the battery can be achieved The activation energy is dependent upon the selected battery chemistry and cell construction i e the chosen Anode Cathode Electrolyte chemistry the beacon manufacturer has to measure this parameter as described in section 3 9 of this document The accelerated ageing factor is then calculated according to the expression E 1 1 Me wiles with ty t time of the test at ambient temperature T ambient temperature 293 K i e equal to 20 C 1 C tz time of the test at elevated temperature t gt t T2 climatic chamber temperature in K 1 K T2 gt T1 The selected test temperature shall correspond to a test period greater than 6 months and shall not exceed 55 C so as to avoid a distortion of ageing results i Estimation of Irreversible Capacity Loss during Storage This test is performed using a batch of 10 new batteries These batteries are to be supplied by the battery manufacturer as they will be supplied in production i e most of the time th
13. es The other set of five batteries is charged and placed in a climatic chamber at the selected temperature for the test period equivalent to the battery replacement life time at ambient temperature as described above At time t test period the five batteries are taken out from the climatic chamber To take into account the aging linked to the repetitive charge discharge process N successive charge discharge cycles are performed as follows The charge process is made using the charger as described in section 3 6 of this document 6 7 and the discharge process is made from V eharge final tO V partial discharge mean 1N Raischarge This step is repeated N times on all five batteries with N defined as the ratio Battery Replacement Life Time TBRC rounded down to the nearest integer Finally a charge process is applied on all five batteries and new capacity measurements C2 are made The average C2 mean standby 18 calculated The irreversible capacity loss in standby mode during the battery replacement life time including the partial discharge recharge cycles applied in beacon standby mode is calculated as follow Cirreversible_loss in Stand by mode Co mean C2 mean Standby iii Estimation of Total Irreversible Losses The total irreversible losses which include storage loss and loss during normal mode are 6 See definitions in 3 6 2 of this document and Figure 7 V charge final battery voltage at end o
14. ex H of any changes to the design or production of the beacon et power source or charger for beacons using Li ion rechargeable batteries which might affect beacon electrical performance Operating Lifetime at Minimum Temperature In addition to the requirements described in section A 2 5 of document C S T 007 for calculation of the pre test battery discharge for beacons equipped with LIRBs the following factors shall be accounted for i the reversible and irreversible losses of battery capacity ii the average current drain resulting from constant operation of the circuits powered from the beacon battery prior to beacon activation over the Time Between Recommended Charges TBRC iii the number of self tests as recommended by the beacon manufacturer and when the function is included the maximum number and maximum duration of GNSS self test transmissions over the rated life of the battery pack the beacon manufacturer shall substantiate the method s used to determine the corresponding current drain s iv the worst case depletion in battery power due to current draw that cannot be replicated during the lifetime test for example to account for a difference between the actual output power setting of the test unit homer transmitter and the maximum output power of the homer transmitter as declared by the beacon manufacturer in Annex G v a correction coefficient of 1 65 applied to item ii and item iii to account for differe
15. ey will not be fully charged 10 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 At time to Co capacity measurements are made at room temperature on a set of five batteries using the procedure described in section 3 3 1 of this document These five batteries are not used for the remainder of the test The average Co mean iS calculated from the measurements obtained for these five batteries The other set of five batteries is left unconnected and not charged The batteries are placed in a climatic chamber at the selected temperature during the test period equivalent to the maximum storage period at ambient temperature as described above The batteries are then removed from the climatic chamber A complete charge is performed on these batteries and capacity measurements are made on all five batteries at room temperature to provide the average C2 mean storage The irreversible capacity loss due to storage is calculated as follow Cirreversible_loss_in_storage Co mean 7 C2 mean storage ii Estimation of Irreversible Capacity Loss During Beacon Standby Mode This test is performed using a batch of 10 new batteries as supplied by the manufacturer At time to Co capacity measurements are made at room temperature on a set of five batteries using the procedure described in section 3 3 1 of this document These five batteries are not used for the remainder of the test The average Co mean is calculated from the measurements obtained for these five batteri
16. f charge 7 See definitions in section 3 3 2 of this document 11 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Cirreversible_losses Cirreversible loss in_storage a Cirreversible loss in Standby mode An additional safety factor of 1 65 is to be applied to this value when performing the operating life time at minimum temperature test per section A 2 3 of document C S T 007 3 4 Verification of Reversible and Irreversible Capacity Losses In order to partially verify the results provided by the beacon manufacturer the following measurements shall be performed at a Cospas Sarsat accepted test laboratory The measurements are performed on a batch of 5 batteries The batteries are initially fully charged At time to the first capacity measurement is made at room temperature on each battery of the batch The average Co mean lab is calculated The batteries are recharged disconnected and left unconnected during TBRC At time to TBRC a second capacity measurement is made at room temperature The Cj capacity is measured for each battery After this capacity measurement the batteries are recharged A third capacity measurement is then made at room temperature The Chi capacity is measured for each battery The following battery capacity losses are derived from the above measurements i Reversible loss between successive charges C2i C1i Each value has to be smaller than Cmaximum reversible losses during TBRC provided by the beacon manufacturer
17. he resistor Rgischarge has to be known to an accuracy better than 1 3 3 2 Measurement of Reversible Capacity Loss at Room Temperature The measurement is performed by the beacon manufacturer In this section when a battery is recharged the charger to be used shall be as described in section 3 6 of this document The measurement is performed using a batch of 10 batteries The batteries shall be initially fully charged Veharge final Vmax The first capacity measurement shall be made at room 8 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 temperature at time t on each battery of the batch as detailed in section 3 3 1 of this document The average Co mean is then calculated Figure 4 Time Line for Capacity Loss Measurements during TBRC s Charge amp Discharge in Rdischarge 2 Charge amp Discharge in Rdischarge gt C Discharge in Raischarge gt C l gt C2 to tot TBRC t The batteries are then fully recharged disconnected and left unconnected during TBRC At to TBRC a voltage measurement is made on each battery to provide the battery voltage 4 after TBRC The average V partial discharge mean 1S Calculated ae A second capacity measurement is made on each battery at room temperature at to TBRC The average C mean Tarc S calculated Based on the dispersion of the individual measurements of Cyeversible losses during TBRC the manufacturer determines a Cmaximum reversible _losses_during TBRC Based on the di
18. ircuits in stand by mode d current drain from any device powered by the beacon battery prior to beacon activation during TBRC including the 1 65 safety factor and 2 It is assumed that the initial charge of the battery has been done by the user in accordance with the user manual procedure 1 5 1 6 3 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 e current drain due to maximum number of self tests carried out during TBRC as recommended by the beacon manufacturer The battery replacement life time assumes a maximum two year storage time battery storage and beacon storage mode prior to the first charge of the new battery by the end user Maximum Storage Time The maximum storage time includes the battery storage time prior to its installation in the beacon and the beacon storage time before the first full charge of the battery assumed to be performed by the end user after purchasing the beacon A maximum storage time of two year shall be used for the determination of the battery replacement date Battery Replacement Date The battery replacement date is the date at which the rechargeable battery installed in the beacon must be replaced The battery replacement date shall be clearly indicated on the beacon together with the TBRC The replacement date is determined by the beacon manufacturer using the date the batch of new batteries was manufactured up to two year s storage time at the manufacturer s recommended stat
19. ll be warned that the battery must be recharged see section 3 2 3 1 2 Irreversible Capacity Loss The irreversible capacity loss is the loss of the battery capacity which cannot be recovered by subsequent recharges of the battery There are two components to the total irreversible capacity loss 1 during battery and beacon storage and 11 during the battery replacement life time while the beacon is in standby mode 3 1 3 Reversible Capacity Loss The reversible capacity loss is the loss of the battery capacity which can be recovered by subsequent recharges of the battery This reversible capacity loss is also known as self discharge 3 1 4 Determination of the Battery Replacement Life Time Figure 2 illustrates the determination of the battery replacement life time The diagram of available battery capacity assumes that initially the new battery installed in the beacon is fully charged and is not affected by any irreversible storage loss To take irreversible storage losses into consideration the battery capacity required to meet the specified performance during the declared operating life time at minimum temperature is augmented by the irreversible storage loss assuming a maximum two year storage time battery storage and beacon storage mode The operating life time at minimum temperature performance of the beacon on the battery replacement date shall be verified using the procedure described in section A 2 3 of the documen
20. nces between battery to battery beacon to beacon and the possibility of exceeding the battery replacement time and vi a correction coefficient of 1 65 applied to item i to account for differences between battery to battery and the possibility of not recharging the battery at the required time Self Test Mode For beacons using LIRBs the battery status should be tested during the self test If the battery is not in normal battery mode as defined in section 3 1 the self test result should indicate Failure 3 The terms are defined in section 3 1 5 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Design data shall be provided on protection against repetitive self test mode transmissions Procedures for Evaluation of Li ion Rechargeable Batteries Performance 3 1 Definitions 3 1 1 Normal Battery Mode The beacon manufacturer shall state the Time Between Recommended Charges TBRC The beacon shall automatically check the battery condition at defined intervals T wake up which shall not be longer than one fourth of TBRC At the end of each Twake up interval the beacon shall check the time since the last charge and the battery condition Ifthe time since the last charge is less than TBRC and if the battery condition is good the battery is considered to be in Normal Battery Mode and the beacon may go back to standby mode until the end of the next T wake up interval If the above conditions are not fulfilled the user sha
21. ng capacity is measured e For the 1 group stored at T1 5 capacities are measured Cresidual 1 11311 Cresiduat 2 11311 Cresiduat 3 113T 1 Cresidual 4 71311 Cresiquat_s 71311 e For the group stored at m 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 11 T2 Cresiduat 2 713T 2 Cresiduat 3 T13T 2 Cresiduat 4 71312 Cresiquat_s 71312 9 T2 amp T3 are chosen to have 3 regular steps on the curve in 1 T T in K between T amp T4 15 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 e For the group stored at 73 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 11313 Cresiduat_2 1313 Cresiduat 3 11313 Cresidual 4 71313 Cresiquat_s 71313 e For the group stored at 74 5 capacities are measured Cresidual_1 71314 Cresiduat_2 11314 Cresiduat_3 11314 Cresiduat_4 11314 Cresiduat_s 11314 Z C According to Caiua Coe nf Cet At 9 0 The measured values are incorporated in the graph below Figure 8 Figure 8 Capacity Versus Time at t ti Time days Aila T4 Note In Figure 8 only 1 of the 5 lines corresponding to the 5 measured values are depicted For each measurement 5 batteries are used as defined in the 1 paragraph of section 3 9 of this document The slopes of the lines in Figure 8 provide different values of t T which are depicted in Figure 9 At t 20 values are to be reported on Figure 8 corresponding to 20 data point on Figure 9 i e 5 at 1 T4 5 at 1 T3 5 at 1
22. o indicator e g buzzer Beacon manufacturers may choose to indicate a either that the battery is in normal battery mode for example by activating a green LED or b that the battery is no more in normal battery mode for example by flashing a red LED The charge indication shall be shown on the beacon and shall be fully documented in the user manual 7 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 3 3 Measurement of Remaining Battery Capacity at the Replacement Date 3 3 1 Battery Capacity Measurement h The capacity of the battery can be defined as C f I t dt ti The measurement of the battery capacity shall be made using the following procedure a complete charge process is made on the battery at time t in Figure 3 the battery is fully charged a discharge of the battery is made using a well known resistor R discharge until the battery is fully discharged the voltage goes down to zero at time t in Figure 3 the battery is empty and the voltage is monitored every t Figure 3 Battery Capacity Measurement Procedure Voltage Vmax Vmin The capacity is calculated as follows Empty Battery t 1 w V t c V t C I t dt Ot fia yA Fully charged discharge t R ischarge 1S chosen in order to provide an equivalent discharge current equal to the maximum charge current of the charger when the battery is at its maximum i e fully charged at Vmax in Figure 3 above The value of t
23. ransmitter and other ancillary devices are not activated automatic internal checks are performed from time to time by the beacon resulting in a current drain from the primary battery 1 1 3 Beacon Self Test Mode Some beacon circuits are powered during the self test of the beacon which results in specific power drain from the primary battery 1 1 4 Beacon Active Mode The 406 MHz transmitter is active and or other ancillary devices powered by the primary battery are active 1 2 Time Between Recommended Charges TBRC The Time Between Recommended Charges TBRC at ambient temperature for this procedure is the time recommended by the beacon manufacturer between battery recharges when the beacon is in stand by mode The TBRC determined by the manufacturer must take into account the power drain which would result from recommended periodic self tests during TBRC The TBRC must be clearly indicated on the beacon TBRC is temperature dependent the beacon manufacturer shall inform the user that prolonged storage at high temperature will require recharging the beacon more often than stated l The primary battery is the non rechargeable or rechargeable battery which is powering the 406 MHz function 1 3 1 4 2 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Worst Case Life Time WCLT In a worst case configuration the user might not recharge the battery after the initial full charge In this configuration the Worst Case Life Time WCL
24. spersion of the individual measurements Of Cirreversible losses during TBRC the manufacturer determines a C maximum irreversible losses during TBRC After the capacity measurement at to TBRC a complete recharge of all batteries is performed A third capacity measurement is made on each battery at room temperature and the average C2 mean Terc s calculated Figure 5 Illustration of Battery Capacity and Losses Irreversible Capacity Loss Battery Capacity Initial Battery after Recharge C2 Capacity Co Battery Capacity at Tot TBRC C1 4 This information is important to take into account the impact of multiple charge discharge processes on irreversible capacity losses as described in section 3 3 3 ii of this document The second capacity measurement is made before performing any recharge 9 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 The reversible battery capacity loss during TBRC after the first recharge is then Creversible_loss E C2 mean TBRC z C1 mean TBRC The irreversible battery capacity loss during TBRC is also calculated as follow Cirreversible_losses_during TBRC Co mean TBRC S C2 mean TBRC 3 3 3 Evaluation of Irreversible Capacity Losses Accelerated Aging This evaluation is performed by the beacon manufacturer The Arrhenius equation states that the dependence of the rate constant k of chemical reactions to the temperature T in Kelvin and activation energy Ea is given by the following equation Wh
25. t C S T 007 6 C S IP LIRB Rev 3 October 2013 Figure 2 Determination of Battery Replacement Life Time Battery Capacity Irreversible capacity loss Reversible capacity Tissa during battery replacement life time loss during TBRC Tm ee a a Irreversible capacity loss during 2 year storage K esssttseesseesneesnecseeneesneeneentesees Replacement Life Time vessessessesseseetseessetseeseeeensnteseeneententenennes Initial capacity New battery capacity after first charge Maximum available capacity due to irreversible losses Available capacity e a S Required capacity including 2 year irreversible storage losses prior to first charge Required capacity for declared operating life time at minimum temperature TBRC Time Between Recommended Charges Replacement Date Time 3 1 5 Worst Case Life Time WCLT In a worst case configuration the user might forget to recharge the beacon battery the Worst Case Life Time WCLT is the time in beacon stand by mode when the available capacity remains greater or equal to the capacity required to meet the declared operating life time at minimum temperature The WCLT shall be a minimum of 1 month greater than the beacon manufacturers declared TBRC 3 2 Charge Indication Beacons using rechargeable batteries shall provide a clear indication when the battery has to be recharged This should be made either by visual e g LED display and or audi
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