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Getting Started with Ubuntu 12.10

1. Figure 3 4 In this window you can manually edit a connection 42 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Enter your 1P address in the field below the Address header 6 Click to the right of the 1p address directly below the Netmask header and enter your network mask If you are unsure 255 255 255 0 is the most common 7 Click on the right of the network mask directly below the Gateway header and enter the address of your gateway 8 In the pns Servers field below enter the address of your DNs server s If you are entering more than one separate them with commas for example 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 9 Click Save to save your changes de When you have returned to the Network Connections screen your newly added connection should now be listed Click Close to return to the desktop If your connection was configured correctly the NetworkManager icon should have changed to show an active wired connection To test if your connection is properly set up simply open a web browser If you can access the Internet then you are connected Wireless If your computer is equipped with a wireless Wi Fi card and you have a wireless network nearby you should be able to set up a wireless connection in Ubuntu Connecting to a wireless network for the First time If your computer has a wireless network card you can connect to a wireless network Most laptops and netbooks have a built in wireless networking card Ubuntu is usual
2. To use any of these methods click on the message to which you want to reply and then click the Reply Reply to All or Forward button on the message toolbar Thunderbird will open the reply window This window should look much like the window for composing new messages but the WORKING WITH UBUNTU 59 To Ce Subject and main message content fields should be filled in from the message to which you are replying Edit the To Cc Bec Subject or main body as you see fit When your reply is finished click on the Send button on the toolbar Your message will be placed in the Outbox and will be sent Using instant messaging CJ Instant messaging allows you to communicate with people in real time Figure 3 13 This is the icon that Empathy online Ubuntu includes the Empathy application that lets you use instant displays in the launcher messaging features to keep in touch with your contacts To start Empathy open the Messaging Menu the envelope icon on the menu bar then select Chat Figure 3 14 Access Empathy from the Messag ing Menu in the menu bar Gwibber Update Status Empathy lets you connect to many instant messaging networks You can connect to Google Accounts Windows Live Salut Yahoo Jabber and Am Running Empathy for the first time When you open Empathy for the first time you should see a screen similar to that in figure 3 15 At this time Empathy does not know about any of your instant messagin
3. Figure 3 37 This setup dialog lets you select which folders of your local file system you would like synced with your Ubuntu One cloud storage Figure 3 38 These symbols indicate the sync status of a file or folder The Checkmark indicates that the file or folder has been synced and the circular arrows indicate that the file or Folder is in the process of syncing Figure 3 39 When you add files to an Ubuntu One synced folder they automatically sync to your personal cloud 82 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 You can add files to your Ubuntu One folder or any other folder that you have selected for sync just as you normally would and Ubuntu One will automatically sync them to your personal cloud For example if you add your vacation photos you should see a notification message on the screen similar to figure 3 39 After moving the files into the Ubuntu One synced folder you should re ceive a notification informing you that syncing has begun You can also see that each file shows the circular arrow icon indicating that it is currently syncing with your personal cloud When syncing completes the circular arrows will be replaced with check marks Whenever you add or modify files that are in folders synced with Ubuntu One they will automatically sync to your personal cloud After syncing is complete you can view the files on the Ubuntu One Web v1 and they will also be synced to any other computers or mobile devices that yo
4. Important This is where emails you have marked as important are stored Starred This is where emails you have marked with a star are stored Personal This is where emails you have marked as personal are stored Receipts You can move important receipts to this folder Travel You can use this folder to store travel emails such as flight times and bookings Work You can store work emails in this folder to keep them separate from your personal email Outbox Where the emails you are in the process of sending are stored also one of the local folders Across the top of the Thunderbird workspace you will see four con trol buttons get mail write address book and tag These are used to get your mail write your mail access your address book and tag your email messages At the top right of the All Folders window you will see a set of quick filter buttons unread starred contact tags andattachment You can use these buttons to filter your email messages so that you only see your unread mail your favorite mail starred mail from people in your address book mail you have tagged and mail that includes attachments If you are accustomed to a more traditional desktop and you have Thun derbird maximized to full screen you might be wondering where the menus are located They are still there and if you want to access them move your mouse to the top of the screen and you will see the familiar menus file edit view go message tools and h
5. J Kevin Godby 03 53 57 PM I haven t Do you have the website address E ajmontag 03 55 00 PM Yes its just http www ubuntu manual org And the best part is that its free 03 55 14 PM N the Enter key to send the message to your contact When the person you are chatting with is typing to you a small keyboard icon will appear next to their name in the chat window If you are communicating with more than one person then all of the conversations will be shown in tabs in your Empathy window Audio and Video Calling You can use Empathy to chat with your friends using audio and video too To start an audio or video call right click on the Contact name then select Audio Call or Video Call as shown in figure 3 19 This will notify the person you are trying to call and they will be asked if they would like to answer the call Figure 3 19 Right clicking a contact exposes many ways to communicate If the person you are calling accepts your call request you will be con nected and you can begin talking If the person you are calling cannot see or hear you your webcam or microphone may not be properly configured see the sections on Sound and Using a webcam respectively You can end the call by clicking on the red telephone button in the chat window Sending and receiving files Sending a file When you are in a conversation with a contact and you would like to send them a file right click the contact in the conta
6. images of almost all Messier objects and the Milky Way realtime positions of the planets and their satellites 13 different cultures with their constellations artistic illustrations of the 88 Western constellations very realistic atmosphere sunrise and sunset 3 Wait until the package is finished installing During the installation or 7 nannramir landeranec mare can he made ar 100 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 removal of programs you will see an animated icon of rotating arrows to the left of the In Progress button in the sidebar If you like you can now go back to the main browsing window and choose additional soft ware packages to be installed by following the steps above At any time clicking the Progress button on the top will take you to a summary of all operations that are currently processing You can also click the X icon to cancel any operation Once the Software Center has finished installing an application it is ready to be used You can start the newly installed application by going to the Dash and typing the name of the application in the search bar By default application is added to the Launcher You can change this behavior by deselecting View New Applications in the Launcher Removing software Removing applications is very similar to installing them First find the installed software in the Ubuntu Software Center You can click on the Installed button to see all installed
7. partition A partition is an area of allocated space on a hard drive where you can put data partitioning partitioning is the process of creating a partition prompt The prompt displays some useful information about your computer It can be customized to display in different colors display the time date and current directory or almost anything else you like proprietary Software made by companies that don t release their source code under an open source license router A router is a specially designed computer that using its software and hardware routes information from the Internet to a network It is also sometimes called a gateway server A server is a computer that runs a specialized operating system and provides services to computers that connect to it and make a request shell The terminal gives access to the shell when you type a command into the terminal and press enter the shell takes that command and performs the relevant action Software Center The Software Center is where you can easily manage soft ware installation and removal as well as the ability to manage software installed via Personal Package Archives terminal The terminal is Ubuntu s text based interface It is a method of controlling the operating system using only commands entered via the keyboard as opposed to using a Gui like Unity USB Universal Serial Bus is a standard interface specification for connect ing peripheral hardware devices to computers
8. quently removed you no longer need the supporting package You can remove it with apt get autoremove Load Terminal and enter sudo apt get autoremove I can t play certain audio or video Files Many of the formats used to deliver rich media content are proprietary meaning they are not free to use modify or distribute with an open source operating system like Ubuntu Therefore Ubuntu does not include the ca pability to use these formats by default however users can easily configure Ubuntu to use these proprietary formats For more information about the differences between open source and proprietary software see Chapter 8 Learning More If you find yourself in need of a proprietary format you can install the required files from the Ubuntu Software Center Ensure that you have Universe and Multiverse repositories enabled before continuing See the Software Sources section to learn how to enable these repositories When you are ready to continue install the necessary software as follows 1 Open the Ubuntu Software Center by searching for it from the Dash the top most button on the Launcher 2 Search for ubuntu restricted extras by typing Ubuntu restricted extras in the search box on the right hand side of the Ubuntu Software Center main window When the Software Center finds the appropriate software click the arrow next to its title 3 Click Install then wait while Ubuntu installs the software One program tha
9. setup 59 encryption see security Facebook see Gwibber file system structure 108 109 files browsing 28 Nautilus opening files 29 recovering 117 sync see Ubuntu One files and folders copying 30 creating 29 displaying hidden 29 moving 30 searching 30 31 Firefox 46 54 Firewall using 113 firewall installing 113 FireWire see IEEE 1394 groups see also users adding 112 deleting 112 files and folders 113 managing 112 modifying 112 Gwibber 63 66 hardware troubleshooting 120 help Ask Ubuntu 125 documentation 124 forums 124 Full Circle Magazine 125 general help 34 heads up display HUD 34 Launchpad Answers 124 live chat 124 online 34 home folder 28 TEEE 1394 94 installing Ubuntu in Windows 18 19 instant messaging see Empathy Internet browsing 46 54 connecting 40 46 wireless 42 Internet radio 72 kernel 6 Launcher 23 running applications 23 LibreOffice 78 Linux 6 7 Linux distributions 121 122 Live DVD see Ubuntu Live pvp locking the screen 34 logging out 33 login options 16 Mac os x see MacBook MacBook troubleshooting 119 microblogging see Gwibber monitor see display mounting devices 110 Movie Player 69 music see Rhythmbox downloading 74 Nautilus 28 multiple tabs 30 multiple windows 30 navigating 29 window 28 NetworkManager 40 open source software 121 password see security photos see also Shotwell editing 68 impor
10. Firefox Web Browser v Removable Media i Mail Thunderbird Mail Graphics Calendar gedit X Music Rhythmbox x Video Movie Player M Photos amp image Viewer X If you choose to install a different web browser on your computer you may want to use it as the default browser when you click links from emails instant messages and other places Canonical supports Firefox and Chromium Google s Linux version of Chrome but there are several others that you can install To change your preferred web browser open Session Indicator from the top panel on the far right hand side and open System Settings gt Details Default Applications Choose your preferred web browser from the drop down menu Web WORKING WITH UBUNTU 55 Reading and composing email Introduction to Thunderbird Thunderbird is an email client developed by Mozilla and is easy to setup and use It is free fast and comes packed full of useful features Even if you are new to Ubuntu and Thunderbird you will be up and running in no time checking your email and staying in touch with friends and family Setting up Thunderbird In the top right corner of the Ubuntu desktop you will see an envelope icon in the notification area This is the messaging menu From here you can launch Thunderbird by clicking set up mail Alternatively you can click the Ubuntu button in the top left corner of the screen at the top of the Launcher to bring up the Das
11. For example the Internet category contains Firefox Web Browser The featured areas highlight What s New and Top Rated software Each area shows different application icons Just click an icon to get more information 98 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Ubuntu Software Center Our star apps Come and explore our Favourites Accessories What s New More Books amp Magazines ss Compostimate LinuxUser Ausgabe 10 2012 ADMIN Magazin Ausgabe 5 Developer Tools ME Accessories Be Education Education USS 9 65 USS 8 40 USS 13 75 Education Fonts OpenAxiom Celestia GLUT YahtzeeSharp Games Mathematics Astronomy Board Games Bite me kkkkk o kK o Internet nagstamon SLUDGE Project Manager OpenJDK Java 7 Runtime Office l Accessories re IDEs D System Science amp Engineering kee W Akiki 1 wk OK 48 Free Free Free Sound amp Video System Recommended For You ciate peeks Turn On Recommendations Universal Access To make recommendations Ubuntu Software Center will occasionally send to Canonical a list of software currently installed on the application or to install it To see all software contained in the area click More The three sections at the top represent your current view of the Soft ware Center s catalog Click the All Software button to see all installable software click Installed to see a list of software that already installed on your computer and click History to see previous instal
12. If lined bel you already have Ubuntu installed on your are outline elow computer feel free to skip to Chapter 2 The Ubuntu Desktop Minimum system requirements Ubuntu runs well on most computer systems If you are unsure whether it The majority of computers in use today will will work on your computer the Live pvp is a great way to test things out meet the requirements listed here however fi Bel li f hard ificati h hould refer to your computer documentation or rst Below is a list of hardware specifications that your computer shou Manufacturer swebsite for more information meet as a minimum requirement gt 1 GHz x86 processor Pentium 4 or better gt 1 GB of system memory RAM gt 5 GB of disk space at least 15 GB is recommended Video support capable of 1024x768 resolution gt Audio support gt An Internet connection highly recommended but not required Downloading Ubuntu The easiest and most common method for getting Ubuntu is to download the Ubuntu pvp image directly from http www ubuntu com download Choose how you will install Ubuntu gt Download and install gt Try it from a DVD or USB stick gt Run it with Windows Download and Install Try it from a DVD or USB stick For the Download and install or Try it from a DvD or uss stick options select whether you require the 32 bit or 64 bit version 32 bit is recommended for most users then click Start download Installing and run
13. Linux Mozilla Firefox Opera Chromium Google Chrome Epiphany Opera is available for download From http The most popular web browsers can be installed directly from the www opera com browser download Google Chrome is available For download from https Ubuntu Software Center sieungoodla conschramal 38 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 PDF Readers gt Windows Adobe Reader Mac os x Adobe Reader gt Linux Evince Adobe Reader Okular Evince is a user friendly and minimalistic reader and it is the default PDF reader If Evince doesn t cover your needs Adobe Reader is available for Ubuntu too Multimedia Players gt Windows Windows Media Player vic gt Mac os x Quicktime vic gt Linux Totem vic MPlayer Kaffeine For multimedia Ubuntu users have a wide variety of options for high quality players Two popular and powerful media players for Ubuntu are VLC and Mplayer Meanwhile the classic and user friendly Totem is the default media player in Ubuntu Music Players and Podcatchers gt Windows Windows Media Player iTunes Winamp Mac os x iTunes gt Linux Rhythmbox Banshee Amarok Audacity Miro There are several options for listening to music with Ubuntu Rhythmbox installed by default and Amarok among many others With these you can listen to music and your favorite podcasts Audacity is similar to Winamp There is Miro for those of you who watch video podcasts and Tv series from
14. Server Edition 123 Ubuntu Studio 123 Ubuntu Live pvp 10 11 Ubuntu One 78 87 Ubuntu Promise 6 Ubuntu Software Center 97 Unity 21 Unix 6 7 unmounting devices 110 updates about 105 106 automatic 106 release updates 106 USB 94 users see also groups adding 112 creating during installation 15 16 deleting 112 managing 111 modifying 112 video troubleshooting 118 videos codecs 70 playing 69 volume see sound webcam 93 Wi Fi 42 windows 26 closing 26 force on top 27 minimizing 26 moving 27 moving between 27 resizing 27 restoring 26 switching 27 word processor 78 workspaces 26 COLOPHON This book was typeset with XqTgx The book design is based on the Tufte BIFX document classes available at http code google com p tufte latex The text face is Linux Libertine designed by Philipp H Poll It is an open font available at http linuxlibertine sf net The captions and margin notes are set in Ubuntu a font commissioned by Canonical and designed by Dalton Maag It is freely available for download at http font ubuntu com The terminal text and keystrokes are set in DejaVu Sans Mono available at http dejavu fonts org originally developed by Bitstream Inc as Bitstream Vera The cover and title page pictograms contain shapes taken from the Humanity icon set available at https launchpad net humanity The title page and cover were designed using Inkscape avail
15. and click Next WORKING WITH UBUNTU 79 5 GB is enough to store about 1 500 music files or 5 000 photographs depending on size Figure 3 32 This Launcher icon opens the Ubuntu One Control Panel Figure 3 33 The Ubuntu One Control Panel Welcome Page IF you do not have an email address you can get one for free at gmail com The captcha acts as a check that it really is a person filling in the form and not a computer because a computer won t be able to read the captcha text 80 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Ubuntu Single Sign On Sign Up to Ubuntu One Ubuntu One requires an Ubuntu Single Sign On SSO account This process will allow you to create a new account if you do not yet have one Log in with my existing account Name Email Retype email Create a password Retype password crossings If you can t read this then Aog refresh this page By signing up to Ubuntu One you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy SetupAccount Ubuntu Single Sign On Enter verification code Check for an email from Ubuntu Single Sign On This message contains a verification code Enter the code in the field below and click OK to comple Verification code VMgq5T If all goes well you will see a window saying You are now logged into Ubuntu One Click the Finish button to dismiss this window You will also get another email welcoming you to Ubuntu One Now that you are logged i
16. ing services Play with Gwibber and discover other cool things it can do Go to http gwibber com docs user guide current master_social_networking_with_ gwibber pdf for more information Viewing and editing photos Shotwell Photo Manager is the default photo application in Ubuntu This application allows you to view tag edit and share your photos To start Shotwell click on the Dash near the top left of the screen then select the Shotwell icon labeled View Photos If you do not see Shotwell simply type Shotwell in the search bar at the top of the Dash and you will see the Shotwell application soon appear Shotwell Library lv Events No Event O trash Items 11 Photos Figure 3 25 You can similarly like or comment on updates from within Gwibber Figure 3 26 Manage your photo collection enhance your photos while keeping the original and share your memories online using Shotwell Photo Manager WORKING WITH UBUNTU 67 Importing Photos When you launch Shotwell for the first time you will be greeted by the Welcome window which gives you instructions on how to import photos Click OK You can now import photos by dragging the photos into the Shotwell window or by connecting your camera or external storage device to the computer From a digital camera Connect your camera to the computer using the data cable and turn on the power to your camera If your camera is prop erly detected you wi
17. listed on the To and Cc lines will receive the email and will see the rest of the contacts to whom an email was sent If you would like to send an email to some contacts without disclosing to whom your email was sent you can send a blind carbon copy or Bec To enable Bcc select Bec by clicking the To field and selecting Bec Any contacts entered in the Bee field will re ceive the message but none of the recipients will see the names or emails of contacts on the Bcc line Instead of typing the email addresses or names of the contacts you are addressing in the message you can select the contacts from your address book Start typing a few letters from your contact s first or last name in the To field to filter the list to only show mailing contacts Once you identify the contact you would like to address click on their name in the list If you ve added the contact in error delete their address and enter the correct address You may enter a subject for your email in the Sub ject field Messages should have a subject to help the recipient identify the general contents of the email while glancing at their message list Enter the IF you do not include a subject in your email contents of your message in the big text field below the subject There is no Thunderbird will warn you about this omission practical limit on the amount of text you can include in your message By default Thunderbird will auto detect the correct format for your email
18. music files if you have any gt Open the Dash type Rhythmbox and click on the Rhythmbox Music Player icon The Beatles Because I lt ll Previous Pause Library v gt gt n x Next Repeat Shuffle Browse ShowAll Import Because by Th WORKING WITH UBUNTU Figure 3 28 Rhythmbox Music Player Play Queue A Music gt Artist Album Podcasts bum 26 Last fm The Beatles 26 Love 26 A Libre fm E Radio Stores V d Tract Title Genre Artist Album Time 0 ubuntu one 1 Because Unknown The Beatles Love 2 44 Playlists v Get Back Unknown The Beatles Love 2 05 My Top Rated Recently Ad Recently Pla 2 3 Glass Onion 4 Eleanor Rigby Juli 5 1Am the walrus 6 IWant to Hold You 7 Drive My Car The 8 Gnik Nus 9 Something Blue J Reina far the Rene 10 26 songs 1 hour and 18 minutes 75 8 MB Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown The Beatles The Beatles The Beatles The Beatles The Beatles The Beatles The Beatles The Reatlec Love Love Love Love Love Love Love 1 20 3 05 4 28 1 22 1 54 0 55 3 29 2 22 gt Ubuntu 12 04 comes with an indicator menu in the top bar for sound related applications and devices This menu includes a link to start Rhythmbox and basic playback and volume controls If you close Rhythmbox by pressing Alt F4 or clicking the red close button it will disappear from view but continue
19. rights in the Work as stated below a to Reproduce the Work to incorporate the Work into one or more Collections and to Reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collec tions b to create and Reproduce Adaptations provided that any such Adap tation including any translation in any medium takes reasonable steps to clearly label demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original Work For example a translation could be marked The original work was translated from English to Spanish or a modification could indicate The original work has been modi fied c to Distribute and Publicly Perform the Work including as incorpo rated in Collections and d to Distribute and Publicly Perform Adaptations e For the avoidance of doubt i Non waivable Compulsory License Schemes In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or compulsory licensing scheme cannot be waived the Licensor re serves the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License ii Waivable Compulsory License Schemes In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or compulsory licensing scheme can be waived the Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License and iii Voluntary License Schemes The Licensor waives the ri
20. the Internet CD DVD Burning Windows Nero Burning Rom InfraRecorder Mac os x Burn Toast Titanium gt Linux Brasero K3b Gnome baker There are several popular disk burning applications such as Gnome baker Brasero Ubuntu s default cp burner and K3b These burners are powerful tools offering user friendly interfaces many features and they are all open source and free of charge Photo Management gt Windows Microsoft Office Picture Manager Picasa Mac os x Aperture Picasa gt Linux Shotwell gThumb Gwenview F Spot You can view and manage your favorite photos with Shotwell Ubuntu s default photo manager or with gThumb Gwenview and F Spot Graphics Editors Windows Adobe Photoshop GIMP WORKING WITH UBUNTU 39 Mac os x Adobe Photoshop GIMP gt Linux GIMP Inkscape GIMP is a very powerful graphics editor You can create your own graph ics taper your photographs modify your pictures GIMP a powerful alterna tive to Photoshop covers the needs of novice users professional photogra phers and designers A GIMP is not loaded by default but can be installed via the Software Center Instant Messaging Windows Windows Live Messenger AIM Yahoo Messenger Google Talk Mac os x Windows Live Messenger AIM Yahoo Messenger Adium iChat gt Linux Empathy Pidgin Kopete aMSN None of the other platform 1m clients have Linux versions However you can use Pidgin Empa
21. 29 Figure 2 9 Nautilus File manager displaying your home folder What is a Directory Or a Folder A directory is a division of space in a File system that you can use to organize files A Folder is the name given to a directory in a Graphical User Interface GUI environment like Nautilus You can easily view hidden Files by clicking View gt Show Hidden Files or by pressing Ctrl H Hiding Files with a dot is nota security measure it simply provides a way to keep Folders organized and tidy 30 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Copying and moving files and folders You can copy files or folders in Nautilus by clicking Edit Copy or by right clicking on the item and selecting Copy from the popup menu When using the Edit menu in Nautilus make sure you ve selected the file or folder you want to copy first by left clicking on it once Multiple files can be selected by left clicking in an empty space i e not on a file or folder holding the mouse button down and dragging the cursor across the desired files or folders This click drag move is useful when you are selecting items that are grouped closely together To select multiple files or folders that are not positioned next to each other hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on each item individually Once multiple files and or folders are selected you can use the Edit menu to perform actions just like you would for a single item When one or more items have be
22. From this Activity aaa ii eas untrusted PPA by adding ppa tualatrix ppa to your system s Software 2 updates added during the past siccesfoly bulk Sources Read about installing month ubuntu tweak 71 weeks D Technical details about this PPA ago Successfully built For questions and bugs with software in this PPA please contact amp Ding Zhou Return to the Software Sources window and in the Other Software tab click Add at the bottom A new window will appear and you will see the words Apt line followed by a text field Right click on the empty space in this text field and select Paste You should see the URL appear you copied from the Pras Launchpad site earlier Click Add Source to return to the Software Sources window You will see a new entry has been added to the list of sources in this window with a selected check box in front meaning it is enabled If you click Close in the bottom right corner of this window a message will appear informing you that The information about available software is out of date This is because you have just added a new repository to Ubuntu and it now needs to connect to that repository and download a list of the packages it provides Click Reload and wait while Ubuntu refreshes all of your enabled repositories including this new one you just added When it has finished the window will close automatically Congratulations you have just added a PPA to your list of sof
23. I Create a traditional audio CD Data project Create a data CD DVD Video project Gy create a video DvD or ansvco Disc copy Create 1 1 copy of a CD DVD Burn image gt Burn an existing CD DVD image to disc Getting Started Before you can use Brasero you need to Create a new project There are three types of projects available Audio Project Data Project and Video Project Make your selection based on your requirements At this current time Brasero does not support The following options apply for all projects except Disc copy and Burn Bie Ray Image Adding files to a project To add files to the list click the Green button which opens the Select Files window Then navigate your way to the file you want to add click the desired file and then click the Add button Repeat this process for each file until all desired files have been added Removing files If you want to remove a file from the project click the file in the list and Icons of a broom are often used in Ubuntu to click on the Red button To remove all the files in the list click on the represent clearing a text field or returning something to its default state Broom shaped button 76 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Saving a project To save an unfinished project choose Project Save The Save Current Project window will be opened Choose where you would like to save the project In the Name text field enter a name
24. Seeing tab you can man age the text size the contrast of the interfaces enable a zoom tool and even a screen reader Selecting high contrast themes and larger on screen fonts can assist those with vision difficulties You can activate Visual Alerts though the Hearing tab if you have hearing impairment Also you can ad just keyboard and mouse settings to suit your needs through the Typing and Pointing and Clicking tabs respectively Orca screen reader Orca is a useful tool for people with visual impairments Orca comes pre installed in Ubuntu To run Orca click on the Dash type Orca and click on the displayed result Orca is the Screen Reader part of Universal Ac cess and can be launched once the Screen Reader is activated Orca s voice synthesizer will activate and assist you through the various options Figure 2 11 You can change the theme in the Look tab of the Appearance window Universal Access AllSettings Universal Access Seeing Hearing Typing Pointing and Clicking Display Contrast Normal M Change contrast No shortcut set Textsize Normal v Increase size No shortcut set Decrease size No shortcut set Screen Reader OFF Turn on or off No shortcut set Beep when Caps and Num Lock are used such as voice type voice language Braille and screen magnification Once you have finished selecting your settings you will need to log out of the computer Orca will offer to do this for yo
25. Software Center window opens use the search box in the top right and search for the following gt ubuntu restricted extras gt libdvdread4 gt libdvdnav4 Double click each item above and then click the Install button This may open an Authenticate window If so enter your password then click Authenticate to start the installation process Playing videos from file Open the Movie menu then select Open This will open the Select Movies or Playlists window Find the file or files that you want to play and click on the Add button The video or videos will start playing Playing a DVD When you insert a DvD in the computer Ubuntu should open the You have just inserted a Video pvp Choose what application to launch window Make sure that Open Movie Player is chosen in the drop down list and then click OK The Movie Player window will open and the movie will begin If the Movie Player window is already open open the Movie menu then select Play Disc and the movie will begin Listening to audio and music Ubuntu comes with the Rhythmbox Music Player for listening to your music streaming Internet radio and managing playlists and podcasts Rhythmbox can also help you find and purchase music along with man aging subscriptions to your favorite rss feeds Starting Rhythmbox There are several ways to start Rhythmbox gt Open the Dash select Listen to Music and choose any of the displayed
26. USB devices range from external hard drives to scanners and printers wired connection A wired connection is when your computer is physically connected to a router or Ethernet port with a cable This is the most common method of connecting to the Internet and local network for desktop computers wireless connection A network connection that uses a wireless signal to communicate with either a router access point or computer Credits This manual wouldn t have been possible without the efforts and contribu tions from the following people Team leads Kevin Godby Lead TgXnician John Xygonakis Authors Coordinator Translation Maintainer Hannie Dumoleyn Editors Coordinator Translation Maintainer Thorsten Wilms Design Adnane Belmadiaf Web development Authors Mario Burgos John Cave Jim Connett Editors Mario Burgos Jim Connett Hannie Dumoleyn Screenshots Patrick Dickey Designers Thorsten Wilms Developers Adnane Belmadiaf Translation editors Fran Di guez Galician Hannie Dumoleyn Dutch Shazedur Rahim Joardar Bengali Past contributors Bryan Behrenshausen Author Senthil Velan Bhooplan Author Che Dean Author Rick Fosburgh Editor in Chief Benjamin Humphrey Project Founder Sayantan Das Andrew Montag Patrick Dickey Tony Pursell Herat Gandhi Amrish Mike Romard Carsten Gerlach Tony Pursell Kevin Godby Paddy Landau Carsten Gerlach Kevin Godby Xuacu Sat
27. account froma service provider Be aware that when you Add or Remove accounts using the Online Accounts manager you will be adding or removing those accounts to or From all the applications that they integrate with not just Gwibber Figure 3 23 A stream in Gwibber Clicking on the image should open the Facebook page ina browser Figure 3 24 A notification From Gwibber Notifications can be customized from the Gwibber Preferences menu 66 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Gwibber CE e a Pallab Ghosh lifejump Kittinger says mission will test next generation space suit viability of astronauts jumping From space craft in emergencies Baa BBC News World worn Initial reports at least 1 Palestinian killed in MON israeli air raid on Rafah in southern Gaza Rushdibbc A an Pannell Just back from Aleppo Syria City echoes to sound of brutal battle Neither side letting up Neither side winning Residents pay the price OMG UBUNTU Apologies for some comments not showing on the site atm but Disqus is auto placing them in Spam Even from high rep commenters Wtf Updating your Status To update your status using Gwibber select Update Status from the Mes sage icon in the Top Panel this opens a new window Type your status message and post it to all your accounts with one click Press Esc to cancel You can also shorten uRLs as you post from Gwibber using a list of URL shorten
28. additional help and support later in this book Troubleshooting guide The key to effective troubleshooting is to work slowly complete all of trou bleshooting steps and to document the changes you made to the utility or application you are using This way you will be able to undo your work or give fellow users the information about your previous attempts the latter is particularly helpful in cases when you look to the community of Ubuntu users for support Ubuntu fails to start after I ve installed Windows Occasionally you may install Ubuntu and then decide to install Microsoft Windows as a second operating system running side by side with Ubuntu This is supported in Ubuntu but you might also find after installing Win dows that you will no longer be able to start Ubuntu When you first turn on your computer a bootloader is responsible for initiating the start of an operating system such as Ubuntu or Windows When you installed Ubuntu you automatically installed an advanced boot A bootloader is the initial software that loads loader called GRUB GRUB allows you to choose between the various operat the P system Whenithe computer i powered up ing systems installed on your computer such as Ubuntu Windows Solaris or Mac os x If Ubuntu was installed first then Windows was installed the Windows installation removed GRUB and replaced the bootloader with it s own As a result you can no longer choose an operating syste
29. all the sound cards available in your system Usually there is only one listed however if you have a graphics card which supports HDMI audio it will also show up in the list The Output tab is used for configuring the output of audio You can in crease decrease and mute unmute output volume and select your preferred output device If you have more than one output device it will be listed in the section which reads Choose a device for sound output The default output hardware which is automatically detected by Ubuntu during instal lation will be selected This section also allows you to change the balance of sound on the left and right speakers of your desktop laptop A microphone is used for making audio video calls which are supported by applications like Skype or Empathy It can also be used for sound recording IF you change your sound output device it will remain as default Input The second tab is for configuring audio Input You will be able to use this section when you have an in built microphone in your system or if you ve plugged in an external microphone You can also add a Bluetooth headset to your input devices which can serve as a microphone You can increase decrease and mute unmute input volume from this tab If there is more than one input device you will see them listed in the white box which reads Choose a device for sound input Sound Effects The third tab is Sound Effects You can enable disable or c
30. and teams If you would like to contribute to Ubuntu please visit https wiki ubuntu com ContributeToUbuntu You can also participate in the Ubuntu community by contributing to this manual You might choose to write new content for it edit its chapters so they are easier for new Ubuntu users to understand and use or trans late it in your own language You may also provide the screenshots found throughout the manual To get involved in the Ubuntu Manual Project visit http ubuntu manual org getinvolved A License Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3 0 Legal Code THE WORK AS DEFINED BELOW IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE CCPL OR LICENSE THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1 Definitions a Adaptation means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre existing works such as a translation adaptation derivative work arrangement of music or other alterations of a lit erary or artistic work or phonogram or performance and includes cinematograph
31. any connection with sponsorship or endorsement by the Original Author Licensor and or Attribution Parties as appropriate of You or Your use of the Work without the separate express prior written permission of the Original Author Licensor and or Attribution Parties d Except as otherwise agreed in writing by the Licensor or as may be otherwise permitted by applicable law if You Reproduce Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work either by itself or as part of any Adap tations or Collections You must not distort mutilate modify or take other derogatory action in relation to the Work which would be prej udicial to the Original Author s honor or reputation Licensor agrees that in those jurisdictions e g Japan in which any exercise of the right granted in Section 3 b of this License the right to make Adap tations would be deemed to be a distortion mutilation modification or other derogatory action prejudicial to the Original Author s honor and reputation the Licensor will waive or not assert as appropriate this Section to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable national law to enable You to reasonably exercise Your right under Section 3 b of this License right to make Adaptations but not otherwise 5 Representations Warranties and Disclaimer UNLESS OTHERWISE MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE WORK E
32. are in chronological order with the most recently connected at the top Find the network you want to edit select it and click on the Edit button Ubuntu will now open a window called Editing connection name where connection name is the name of the connection you are editing This window will display a number of tabs Above the tabs there is a field called Connection name where you can change the name of the connection to give it a more recognizable name If the Connect automatically option is not selected Ubuntu will detect the wireless network but will not attempt a connection until it is se lected from the NetworkManager menu Select or deselect this option as needed On the Wireless tab you may need to edit the ssin field A ssip is the wireless connection s network name If this field isn t set correctly Ubuntu will not be able to connect to the wireless network in question Below the ssrp is a Mode field The Infrastructure mode means that you would be connecting to a wireless router or access point The ad hoc mode is for a computer to computer connection where one com puter shares another s connection and is often only used in advanced cases On the Wireless Security tab you can change the Security field A selection of None means that you are using an open network that doesn t require a password Other selection in this tab may required additional information WEP 40 128 bit Key is a
33. bonus point for alliteration it may become difficult to remember the name of a particular application Simply use the Application lens on the Dash This lens will automatically categorize installed applications under Recently Used Installed or Apps Available for Download You can also enter a name of the application or a part of it in the search bar in the Dash and the names of applications matching your search criteria will appear Even if you don t remember the name of the application at all type a keyword that is relevant to that application and the Dash will find it For example type music and the Dash will show you the default music player and any music player you ve used fo A 12 44PM tt G a p j Filter results Recently Used et lM E Screenshot Terminal Software Sources Software Updater Q Installed AisleRiot Solitaire fi More suggestions ne USS 9 65 J iiil CompostiMate External search results In addition to finding applications and files on your local computer using the Dash s search bar the search criteria is also passed to to the Internet and results pertinent to your search criteria are return in the Dash This is a new feature in Ubuntu with the release of 12 10 If you are concerned about local search terms being sent to external resources you can use the kill THE UBUNTU DESKTOP 25 Ubuntu Software Center and software manage ment wi
34. direc tions if you understand them completely Ubuntu Desktop Guide gt E ubuntu Desktop Guide wiv ubuntu Desktop Guide 0 Welcome to Ubuntu 12 10 Use the launcher to start applications Find apps files music and more with the dash Manage apps amp settings with indicator status menus Log out power off switch users Desktop apps amp Networking web Sound video amp windows email amp chat pictures Introduction keyboard Wireless wired Digital cameras iPods shortcuts windows connection problems editing photos playing install additional web browsing email videos software accounts instant messaging Files folders amp search User amp system Hardware amp drivers Searchina delete files settinas Hardware problems THE UBUNTU DESKTOP 35 Figure 2 14 The built in system help provides topic based help for Ubuntu 3 Working with Ubuntu All the applications you need If you are migrating from a Windows or Mac platform you may wonder if the programs that you once used are available for Ubuntu Some of the programs you already use have native Linux versions And for those that don t there are free and open source applications that will cover your needs This section will recommend some alternates that will work well on Ubuntu Most of the applications listed in this section are available via You can search for more applications in the the Software Center Those fo
35. dual booting Whenever you turn on or restart your computer you will be given the option to select which operating system you want to use For that session Figure 1 4 Choose where you would like to install Ubuntu 14 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Something else This option is for advanced users and is used to create special partitions or format the hard drive with a file system different to the default one After you have chosen the installation type click Continue or Install Now Confirm Partition choices and start install If you chose Something else configure the partitions as you need Once you are happy with the way the partitions are going to be set up click the Install Now button at the bottom right to move on To reduce the time required for installation Ubuntu will continue the installation process in the background while you configure important user details like your username password keyboard settings and default time zone Where are you Install Where are you New York Back Continue The next screen will display a world map Using your mouse click your geographic location on the map to tell Ubuntu where you are Alternatively you can use the drop down lists below the map This allows Ubuntu to con figure your system clock and other location based features Click Forward when you are ready to move on Keyboard layout Next you need to tell Ubuntu what kind of keyboard you a
36. e you use your mouse to navigate the desktop open applications move files and perform most other tasks In short things are visually oriented This chapter is designed to help you become familiar with various applications and menus in Ubuntu so that you become confident in using the Ubuntu GUI Ubuntu Desktop gt E Figure 2 1 The Ubuntu 12 10 default desktop j Ti B s T Unity All Gui based operating systems use a desktop environment Desktop envi ronments encompass many things such as gt The look and feel of your system gt The way the desktop is laid out gt How the desktop is navigated by the user In Linux distributions such as Ubuntu a number of desktop environ To read more about other variants of Ubuntu ments are available Ubuntu uses Unity as the default desktop environment refer to Chapter 8 Learning More After installing and logging in to Ubuntu you will see the Unity desktop This initial view is comprised of the desktop background and two bars a horizontal one located at the top of your desktop called the menu bar and the other bar is vertically oriented at the far left called the Launcher 22 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 A Unity used to come in two versions Unity 2D which was written for low powered systems and Unity 3D which favored high performance systems Because of recent advancements in Unity 3D Ubuntu 12 10 has discontinued the use of Unity 2D and now only inclu
37. explore any changes you make will not be saved once you exit so you don t need to worry about accidentally breaking anything When you are finished exploring restart your computer by clicking the Power button in the top right corner of your screen a circle with a line through the top and then select Restart Follow the prompts that appear on screen including removing the Live pvp and pressing Enter when instructed and then your computer will restart As long as the Live Dvp is no longer in the drive your computer will return to its original state as though nothing ever happened Installing Ubuntu Getting started At least 5 GB of free space on your hard drive is required in order to install Ubuntu however 15 GB or more is recommended This will ensure that you will have plenty of room to install extra applications later on as well as store your own documents music and photos To get started place the Ubuntu pvp in your DvD drive and restart your computer Your computer should load Ubuntu from the pvp When you first start from the DvD you will be presented with a screen asking you whether you want to first try out Ubuntu or install it Select the language you want to view the installer in and click on the Install Ubuntu button This will start the installation process If you have an Internet connection the installer will ask you if you would like to Download updates while installing We recommend you do so The sec
38. icon There should be a Wired Network heading in the menu If Wired connection 1 appears directly underneath then your machine is currently connected and proba bly setup for pmo If Disconnected appears in gray underneath the wired network section look below to see if an option labeled Wired connec In order to connect wirelessly you must be in a location with a working wireless network To set up your own wireless network you will need to purchase and install a wireless router or access point Some locations may already have a publicly accessible wireless networks available IF you are unsure whether your computer has a wireless card check with your manufacturer Boa a b Figure 3 1 The network connection states a disconnected b wired and c wireless ty 4 8 Wired connection 1 Disconnect VPN Connections Figure 3 2 Here you can see the currently active connection is Wired connection 1 Are you already online If the NetworkManager icon in the top panel shows a connection then you may have successfully connected during the Ubuntu setup process You can also simply open a browser and see if you have access to the Internet IF so you do not need to do anything For the rest of this section Connection Information i Active Network Connections Wired connection 1 default General Interface Ethernet etho Hardware Address 00 03 0D 0B 6E 3E Driver via rhine Speed
39. installed or removed via the Additional Drivers application SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT 103 option should not be selected unless you have experience with building applications from source Selecting the best software server Ubuntu provides and allows many servers around the world to mirror the packages from the sources listed under Managing the official repositories Ubuntu grants permission to many servers When selecting a server you may want to consider the following all across the world to act as official mirrors That is they host an exact copy of all the Files 7 f contained in the official Ubuntu repositories Distance to server This will affect the speed you can achieve with the file server the closer the server to your location the faster the potential connection Internet Service Provider Some Internet service providers offer low cost or unlimited free downloads from their own servers Quality of server Some servers may only offer downloads at a capped speed limiting the rate at which you can install and update software on your computer Ubuntu will automatically choose an appropriate server while installing It is recommended these settings not be changed unless your physical loca tion significantly changes or if you feel a higher speed should be achieved by your Internet connection The guide below will help in choosing an optimal server Ubuntu provides a tool for selecting the server that provides the f
40. is incredibly flex ible and can be configured to run on almost any device from the smallest micro computers and cellphones to the largest super computers Unix was entirely command line based until graphical user interfaces GuIs emerged in 1973 in comparison Apple came out with Mac os ten years later and Microsoft released Windows 1 0 in 1985 The early Guts were difficult to configure clunky and generally only used by seasoned computer programmers In the past decade however graphical user interfaces have grown in usability reliability and appear ance Ubuntu is just one of many different Linux distributions and uses one of the more popular graphical desktop environments called GNOME Is Ubuntu right for you New users to Ubuntu may find that it takes some time to feel comfort able when trying a new operating system You will no doubt notice many similarities to both Microsoft Windows and Mac os x as well as some dif ferences Users coming from Mac os x are more likely to notice similarities due to the fact that both Mac os x and Ubuntu originated from Unix The Unity shell which is the default in Ubuntu is a completely new concept which needs some exploring to get used to it See Chapter 2 The Ubuntu Desktop for more information about the Unity shell Before you decide whether or not Ubuntu is right for you we suggest giving yourself some time to grow accustomed to the way things are done in Ubuntu You should expect to f
41. it and then hold down the Alt key and drop it to your destination folder a menu will appear asking whether you want to copy move or link the item Notice that the symbol of the mouse cursor changes from an arrow into a question mark as soon as you hold down the Alt key When dragging items between Nautilus windows tabs or panes a small symbol will appear over the mouse cursor to let you know which action will be performed when you release the mouse button A plus sign indicates you are about to copy the item whereas a small arrow means the item will be moved The default action will depend on the Folders you are using Search For Files and Folders quickly by pressing Ctrl F in Nautilus and then typing what you want to find THE UBUNTU DESKTOP Documents or Size It is sufficient to type the first few letters of the file or folder you are searching for Search using Nautilus In Nautilus click Go Search for Files or press Ctrl F This opens the search field where you can type the name of the file or folder you want to find Customizing your desktop System Settings Figure 2 10 You can change most of your All Settings 3 system s settings here Personal E BH Fes oo Appearance Brightness Keyboard Language Online Privacy Ubuntu One and Lock Layout Support Accounts A Hardware Be J Ba Bluetooth Color Displays Keyboard Mouse and Network Power Touchpad a Qa z E Print Settings Sound W
42. months Canonical releases Never Choose this option if you would rather not be notified about any a long term support LTS release Long term new Ubuntu releases support releases are intended to be the most stable releases available and are supported for For any new version Choose this option if you always want to have the f a longer period of time latest Ubuntu release regardless of whether it is a long term support release or not This option is recommended for normal home users For long term support versions Choose this option if you need a release that will be more stable and have support for a longer time If you use Ubuntu for business purposes you may want to consider selecting this option 6 Advanced Topics Ubuntu for advanced users To this point we ve provided detailed instructions on getting the most from Ubuntu s basic features In this chapter we ll detail some of Ubuntu s more advanced features like the terminal a powerful utility that can help you accomplish tasks without the need for a graphical user interface Gu We ll also discuss some advanced security measures you can implement to make your computer even safer We ve written this chapter with advanced users in mind If you re new to Ubuntu don t feel as though you ll need to master these topics to get the most out of your new software you can easily skip to the next chapter without any adverse impact to your experience with Ubuntu Howev
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44. showing a list of folders the first of which is History Select a suitable sub folder or enter a search term in the search bar at the top right to find pages you have viewed before Double click a result to open the page Stopping and reloading If a page is loading too slowly or you no longer wish to view a page press The Reload button is at the right end of the Esc to cancel it To reload the current page if it might have changed since pocabion Bat you loaded it press on the Reload button or press Ctr1 R 48 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Opening new windows At times you may want to have more than one browser window open This may help you to organize your browsing session better or to separate web pages that you are viewing for different reasons There are four ways to create a new window gt On the top bar select File New Window gt Press Ctrl N gt Right click on Firefox s icon on the Launcher and select Open New Window gt Click on Firefox s icon on the Launcher using your middle mouse button Once a new window has opened you can use it exactly the same as the first window including navigation and opening tabs You can open multiple windows Opening a link ina new window Sometimes you may want to click a link to navigate to another web page but do not want the original to close To do this you can open the link in its own independent window There are two ways to open a link in its ow
45. supplied and or if the Original Author and or Licensor designate another party or parties e g a sponsor institute publishing entity journal for attri bution Attribution Parties in Licensor s copyright notice terms of service or by other reasonable means the name of such party or par ties ii the title of the Work if supplied iii to the extent reasonably practicable the URI if any that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work unless such URI does not refer to the copyright no tice or licensing information for the Work and iv consistent with Ssection 3 b in the case of an Adaptation a credit identifying the LICENSE 131 use of the Work in the Adaptation e g French translation of the Work by Original Author or Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author The credit required by this Section 4 c may be implemented in any reasonable manner provided however that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection at a minimum such credit will appear if a credit for all contributing authors of the Adaptation or Collection appears then as part of these credits and in a manner at least as prominent as the credits for the other contributing authors For the avoidance of doubt You may only use the credit required by this Section for the purpose of attribution in the manner set out above and by exercising Your rights under this License You may not im plicitly or explicitly assert or imply
46. third party software Fluendo MP3 plugin includes MPEG Layer 3 audio decoding technology licensed from Fraunhofer IIS and Technicolor SA Quit Back Continue Internet connection If you are not connected to the Internet the installer will ask you to choose a wireless network if available We recommend that you connect during install though updates and third party software can be 1 Select Connect to this network and then select your network from the installed after installation list 2 If the list does not appear immediately wait until a triangle arrow ap pears next to the network adapter and then click the arrow to see the available networks 3 In the Password field enter the network wep or wPA key if necessary 4 Click Connect to continue Install Figure 1 3 Set up wireless Wireless Connecting this computer to a wi fi network allows you to install third party software download updates automatically detect your timezone and install Full support for your language 1 don t want to connect to a wi fi network right now Connect to this network Vv Ralink corp RT2760 Wireless 802 11n 1T 2R Fa AE WLANGS ae y eia RN Password Display password Quit Back Connect Allocate drive space This next step is often referred to as partitioning Partitioning is the process IF you are installing on a new machine with no of allocating portions of your hard drive for a specific purpose When you operating syste
47. this session For guests using your laptop or desktop Figure 1 10 Login Screen Program name Ubuntu installer for Windows Verified publisher Canonical UK Ltd File origin Downloaded from the Internet Y Show details xe oe 3 hange when these notifications appear choosing a password click Install The Ubuntu Installer will download and install Ubuntu This process will take some time The download file size is 750 MB After the installation is complete click Finish on the Completing the Ubuntu Setup Wizard screen to reboot the computer Ubuntu Installer E c You are about to install Ubuntu 12 10 Please select username and password for the new account A Installation drive Lanauaae 5 CEB free j W Engish us Installation size Username SS pe a amp johndoe Password Desktop environment Tesssssesss E Installation complete After the computer restarts you can select Ubuntu from the boot menu You will then be logged in to Ubuntu and will be presented with your new desktop INSTALLATION Figure 1 11 User Account Control dialog Figure 1 12 Ubuntu Windows Installer 19 2 The Ubuntu Desktop Understanding the Ubuntu desktop Initially you may notice many similarities between Ubuntu and other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows or Mac os x This is because they are all based on the concept of a graphical user interface Gu1 i
48. to play in the background You can still control your music or reopen from the Sound indicator To quit Rhythmbox completely press Ctr1 Q or choose Music Quit from the menu bar Playing music To play music you must first import music into your library Choose Mu sic Import Folder or press Ctr1 0 on your keyboard to import a folder containing media a single file an Amazon Mp3 purchase or media from an iOS or Android device The Rhythmbox toolbar contains most of the controls that you will use for browsing and playing your music If you want to play a song double click a track or click it and press the Play button on the toolbar choose Control Play from the menu bar or press Ctrl Space When a song is playing the Play button will become a Pause button Use this button Control Play or Ctr1 Space to toggle between playing and pausing the track Next and Previous buttons are next to the Play Pause button Click on these buttons to play the next and previous songs in your library or playlist Rhythmbox also has options to toggle re peat mode Repeat Control gt Repeat or Ctrl R and shuffle mode Shuffle Control gt Shuffle or Ctrl U Playing Audio cds To play your cD insert it into your cp drive It will automatically appear within Rhythmbox in the Side Pane beneath your Music Library You can click the cp named Audio cp or the name of the album and double click a track in it to play the tracks on the cp Imp
49. way to access your calendar and time and date settings User menu allows you to easily switch between different users and access your online and user accounts Session indicator provides an easy way to access system settings software updates printers and session options for locking your computer log ging out of your session restarting the computer or shutting down completely Every application has a menuing system where different actions can be executed in an application like File Edit View etc the menuing system for an application is appropriately called the application menu In Unity the application menu isn t on the titlebar of the application as is commonly the case with other GuI environments Instead it is located to the left area of the menu bar To show an application s menu just move your mouse to the Ubuntu desktop s menu bar While your mouse is positioned here the active application s menu options will superimpose itself over the Ubuntu desktop s menu bar allowing you to use the application s menus Moving your mouse away from the menu bar will allow Ubuntu desktop s menu bar to reappear This capability of Unity to only show the application s menu when needed is especially beneficial for netbook and laptop users as it provides you with more free work space For more about the Messaging Indicator see Microblogging the Network Indicator see Getting online the Session Indicator see Sessi
50. while another window has tabs For your work A tab always opens in the background in other words the focus remains on the original tab The last method Ctr1 Shift is an exception it Focuses the new tab immediately WORKING WITH UBUNTU 49 gt Right click a link and select Open Link in New Tab gt Press and hold the Ctrl key while clicking a link gt Click the link using either the middle mouse button or both left and right mouse buttons simultaneously gt Drag the link to a blank space on the tab bar or onto the Open new tab button gt Press and hold Ctr1 Shift while clicking a link Closing a tab Once you have finished viewing a web page in a tab you have various ways to close it gt Click on the Close button on the right side of the tab gt Click the tab with the middle mouse button or the mouse wheel gt Press Ctrl w gt Right click the tab and select Close Tab Restoring a closed tab Sometimes you may close the wrong tab by accident or want to bring back a tab that you have recently closed Bring back a tab in one of the following two ways gt Press Ctr1 Shift T to re open the most recently closed tab gt Select History Recently Closed Tabs and choose the name of the tab to restore Changing the tab order Move a tab to a different location on the tab bar by dragging it to a new location using your mouse While you are dragging the tab Firefox displays a small indicator to s
51. 1 files on Windows media Removable media cD RoMs and usp drives will be mounted in this directory root This contains the root user s files not to be confused with the root directory usr Pronounced user it contains most program files not to be con fused with each user s home directory This is equivalent to C Program Files in Microsoft Windows var log Contains log files written by many applications Every directory has a path The path is a directory s full name it de scribes a way to navigate the directory from anywhere in the system For example the directory home yourusername Desktop contains all the files that are on your Ubuntu desktop It can be broken down into a handful of key pieces indicates that the path starts at the root directory gt home from the root directory the path goes into the home directory gt yourusername from the home directory the path goes into the you rusername directory gt Desktop from the yourusername directory the path ends up in the Desktop directory Every directory in Ubuntu has a complete path that starts with the the root directory and ends in the directory s own name Directories and files that begin with a period are hidden These are usu If you are creating a file or directory from ally only visible with a special command or by selecting a specific option the command line and ultimately want it In Nautil h hidd fl ddi toriesh lecti Vi hi
52. 100 Mb s Security None IPv4 IP Address 192 168 1 5 Broadcast Address 192 168 1 255 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Route 192 168 1 1 Primary DNS 192 168 1 1 IPv6 Close _ Figure 3 3 This window displays your IP address and other connection information tion 1 appears in the list If so click on it to attempt to establish a wired connection To check if you are online click on the NetworkManager icon in the top panel and select the Connection Information option You should see a window showing details of your connection If your 1p address is displayed as 0 0 0 0 or starts with 169 254 then your computer was not successfully assigned connection information through pHo If it shows another address e g 192 168 219 133 then it is likely that your DHCP connection to the router was successful To test your Internet connection you may want to open the Firefox web browser to try loading a web page More information on using Firefox can be found later in this chapter Manual configuration with static address If your network does not support DHC then you need to know a few items of information before you can get online If you do not know any of this information then you call your Isp gt An IP address This is a unique address used for identifying your com puter on the network An 1p address is always given in four numbered groups separated by dots for example 192 168 100 10 When connect ing using DHCP this add
53. A circle too large and covering the skin may cause discoloration when applying the red eye reduction Adjust Clicking Adjust will bring up a window that lets you edit a few things Level Similar to contrast Exposure How bright the image is Saturation How colorful the image is Tint The overall color WORKING WITH UBUNTU 69 Temperature Whether the image is warm more yellow or cool more blue Shadows How dark the shadows are To change these values drag the sliders until you are satisfied with the image Click OK to apply the changes Reset to undo the changes and start over or Cancel to discard the changes Auto adjustment with Enhance Click Enhance to let Shotwell automatically adjust the color levels expo sure contrast and temperature to create a more pleasing image Reverting an edited photo to the original When you edit a photo in Shotwell your original image remains untouched You can undo all of the changes and revert to the original version by right clicking on the photo then selecting Revert to Original This option is only available for photos you have edited Sharing your photos You can easily share your photos on the web using Shotwell s Publish feature Select the photos you want to share then click the Publish button located on the bottom bar Choose Facebook Flickr or Picasa Web Albums in the drop down menu and log in with your credentials Some services may require you to authorize Shotwell befor
54. Clicking the icon of the application that is minimized will restore the window to its original position Finally the right most button is the maximize button which makes the application window fill the entire screen Clicking the maximize button again will return the window to its original size If a window is maximized its top left buttons and menu are automatically hidden from view To make them appear just move your mouse to the menu bar Moving and resizing windows To move a window around the workspace place the mouse pointer over the window s titlebar then click and drag the window while continuing to hold down the left mouse button To resize a window place the pointer on an edge or corner of the window so that the pointer turns into a larger two sided arrow known as the resize icon You can then click and drag to resize the window Switching between open windows In Ubuntu there are many ways to switch between open windows 1 Ifthe window is visible on your screen you can click any portion of it to raise it above all other windows 2 Use Alt Tab to select the window you wish to work with Hold down the Alt key and keep pressing Tab until the window you re looking for appears in the popup 3 Click on the corresponding icon on the Launcher Move your mouse to the left side of your screen to show the Launcher and right click on the application icon If the application has multiple windows open double c
55. DWARE 95 Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless technology that is widely used by different types of devices to connect to each other It is common to see a mouse or a keyboard that supports Bluetooth You can also find Gps devices mobile phones headsets music players and many other devices that can connect to your desktops or laptop and let you transfer data listen to music or play games as an example If your computer has Bluetooth support then you should see a Bluetooth ty 4 2 15PM icon in the top panel usually near the volume icon Click on the Bluetooth ee icon to open a popup menu with several choices such as an option to Turn Visible off Bluetooth Solaro Set Up New De The Bluetooth preferences can also be accessed from System Settings gt Bluetooth If you want to connect a new device for example to have a mobile phone send pictures or videos to your computer select Setup new device Ubuntu will open a window for new device setup When you click For ward Ubuntu will show you how many Bluetooth devices are present near your computer The list of available devices might take a minute or so to appear on the screen as your system scans for these devices Each device will be displayed as soon as it is found by Ubuntu Once a device you d like to connect with appears in the list click on it Then choose a PIN number by selecting PIN options Three predefined PIN numbers are available but you can also create a When yo
56. Getting Started with Ubuntu 12 10 AN q T wey Po n CD n C coo fC The Ubuntu Manual Team Copyright 2010 2012 by The Ubuntu Manual Team Some rights reserved O This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3 0 License To view a copy of this license see Appendix A visit http creativecommons org licenses by sa 3 0 or send a letter to Creative Commons 171 Second Street Suite 300 San Francisco California 94105 USA Getting Started with Ubuntu 12 10 can be downloaded for free from http ubuntu manual org or purchased from http ubuntu manual org buy gswu1210 en_US A printed copy of this book can be ordered for the price of printing and delivery We permit and even encourage you to distribute a copy of this book to colleagues friends family and anyone else who might be interested http ubuntu manual org Revision number 128 Revision date 2012 10 17 00 33 16 0500 Contents Prologue 5 Welcome 5 Ubuntu Philosophy 5 A brief history of Ubuntu 6 Is Ubuntu right for you 7 Contact details 8 About the team 8 Conventions used in this book 8 1 Installation 9 Getting Ubuntu 9 Trying out Ubuntu 10 Installing Ubuntu Getting started 11 Finishing Installation 17 Ubuntu installer for Windows 18 2 The Ubuntu Desktop 21 Understanding the Ubuntu desktop 21 Unity 21 Using the Launcher 23 The Dash 24 Workspaces 26 Managing windows 26 Browsing files
57. INSTALLATION 15 Figure 1 6 Verify that your keyboard layout is correct Figure 1 7 Setup your user account 16 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 name Most people find it easiest to stick with this However it can be changed if you prefer Next choose a password and enter it into both password fields When both passwords match a strength rating will appear to the right that will show you whether your password is too short weak fair or strong You will be able to continue the installation process regardless of your password strength but for security reasons it is best to choose a strong one This is best achieved by having a password that is at least six char acters long and is a mixture of letters numbers symbols and upper case lowercase Avoid obvious passwords that include your birth date spouse s name or the name of your pet Login Options Finally at the bottom of this screen you have three options from which to choose regarding how you wish to log in to Ubuntu gt Log in automatically gt Require my password to log in gt Encrypt my home folder Log in automatically Ubuntu will log in to your primary account automatically when you start up the computer so you won t have to enter your username and password This makes your login experience quicker and more convenient but if privacy or security are important to you we don t recommend this option Anyone who can physically acces
58. ITH UBUNTU 12 10 Appearance AllSettings Appearance Look Behavior Background Wallpapers A i i LA fe Del A gt a EMME P Current background 2560 x 1600 Zoom v Theme Ambiance default a I 4 4 Launcher icon size can choose Just click once on any of the listed themes to give a new theme a try The theme will change your desktop appearance immediately Desktop background Under Background you may choose from Wallpapers Pictures Folder and Colors and Gradients When Wallpapers is selected you will see Ubuntu s default selection of backgrounds To change the background simply click the picture you would like to use You re not limited to this selection though To use one of your own pictures click the button and navigate to the image you would like to use double click the image and the change will take effect immediately This image will then be added to your list of available backgrounds If you want to choose from a larger selection of desktop backgrounds click the Get More Backgrounds Online link at the bottom of the Appearance Preferences window This link will open your web browser and direct you to the http art gnome org backgrounds website Accessibility Ubuntu has built in tools that make using the computer easier for people with certain physical limitations You can find these tools by opening the Dash and searching for Universal Access On the
59. Microsoft s Windows or Apple s Mac os x fewer game developers allocate resources towards making their games compatible with Linux If PROLOGUE 7 While modern graphical desktop environments have generally replaced early command line interfaces the command line can still be a quick and efficient way of performing many tasks See Chapter 6 Advanced Topics For more information and Chapter 2 The Ubuntu Desktop to learn more about GNOME and other desktop environments To learn more about Linux distributions see Chapter 8 Learning More To learn more about dual booting running Ubuntu side by side with another operating system see Chapter 1 Installation See Chapter 5 Software Management to learn more about Ubuntu Software Center 8 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 you just enjoy a game every now and then there are many high quality games that can be easily installed through the Ubuntu Software Center Contact details Many people have contributed their time to this project If you notice any errors or think we have left something out feel free to contact us We do everything we can to make sure that this manual is up to date informative and professional Our contact details are as follows gt Website http www ubuntu manual org gt Reader feedback feedback ubuntu manual org gt IRC ubuntu manual on irc freenode net gt Bug Reports https bugs launchpad net ubuntu manual filebug gt Mailing lis
60. TED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 gt With NetworkManager you can configure mobile broadband connec tions to connect to the Internet through your cellular data carrier gt You can connect to digital subscriber line DsL networks a method of connecting to the Internet through your phone line via a modem gt It is also possible for NetworkManager to establish a virtual private network vpn connection These are most commonly used to create a secure connection to a workplace network The instructions for making connections using mobile broadband pst or ven are beyond the scope of this guide Browsing the web Once you have connected to the Internet you should be able to browse the web Mozilla Firefox is the default application for this in Ubuntu Ubuntu Start Page Mozilla Firefox Figure 3 6 The default Ubuntu home page for Ubuntu Start Page the Firefox web browser Starting Firefox There are several ways to start Firefox By default Ubuntu has the Firefox icon within the Launcher the vertical bar down the left side of the screen Select this icon to open Firefox Or open the Dash the top most icon in the Launcher and search for firefox using the search box If your keyboard has a www button you can press that button to start Firefox Navigating web pages Viewing your homepage When you start Firefox you will see your home page By default this is the Ubuntu Start Page To quickly go to your home page press Alt Ho
61. To lock the screen gt Click the session menu icon in the right corner of the top panel then select Lock Screen or gt press Ctrl Alt L to lock the screen This keyboard shortcut can be changed in Dash gt Applications Keyboard Shortcuts User accounts Users and groups When Ubuntu is installed it is automatically configured for use by a single user If more than one person will use the computer each person should have his or her own user account This way each user can have separate settings documents and other files If necessary you can also protect files from being viewed or modified by users without administrative privileges Like most operating systems Ubuntu allows you to create separate user accounts for each person Ubuntu also supports user groups which allow you to administer permissions for multiple users at the same time Every user in Ubuntu is a member of at least one group at a bare min imum the user of the computer has permissions in a group with the same name as the user A user can also be a member of additional groups You can configure some files and folders to be accessible only by a user and a group By default a user s files are only accessible by that user system files are only accessible by the root user Managing users You can manage users and groups using the Users and Groups administra tion application To find this application click Session Indicator Systems and Settings User A
62. Ubuntu Problems caused by those drivers 90 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 will be resolved only when the manufacturer wishes to address them To see if restricted drivers are available for your system press the Su per Windows key on your keyboard to show the Dash or click the Ubuntu icon on the Unity Launcher and search for Additional Drivers If a driver is provided by the company for your particular device it will be listed there You can simply click Activate to enable the driver This process requires an active Internet connection and it will ask for your password Once installa tion is complete you may have to reboot your computer to finish activating the driver The Ubuntu developers prefer open source drivers because they allow any problem to be identified and fixed by anyone with knowledge within the community Ubuntu development is extremely fast and it is likely that your device will be supported by open source drivers You can use the Ubuntu Live pvp to check your device s compatibility with Ubuntu before installing or go online to the Ubuntu forums or to http www askubuntu com to ask about your particular device Setting up your screen resolution One of the most common display related tasks is setting the correct screen resolution for your desktop monitor or laptop Ubuntu correctly identifies your native screen resolution by itself and sets it for you However due to a wide variety of devices available some
63. Working with documents If you need to work with documents you can use the LibreOffice Word The LibreOffice Word Processor is also known as the LibreOffice Writer LibreOffice Spread sheet is also known as Calc and LibreOffice Presentation is known as Impress Processor To start the word processor open the Dash and search for Li breOffice Writer Then select LibreOffice Writer Working with spreadsheets If you need to work with spreadsheets you can use LibreOffice Spread sheet To start the spreadsheet application open the Dash and search for LibreOffice Calc Then select LibreOffice Calc Working with presentations If you need to work with slides for a presentation you can use LibreOffice Impress To start the presentation application open the Dash and search for LibreOffice Impress Then select LibreOffice Impress Getting more help Each of these applications comes with a comprehensive set of help screens If you are looking for more assistance with these applications press the F1 key after starting the application Ubuntu One What is Ubuntu One Ubuntu One is a service for storing your files online in your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud Your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud is your personal online storage space it can be accessed in any web browser or using an Ubuntu One application such as those for Ubuntu Windows iPhone or Android Because Ubuntu One stores your files online it s the perfect way to backup your fil
64. XPRESS IM PLIED STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF TITLE MERCHANTIBILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE NONINFRINGEMENT OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DE FECTS ACCURACY OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU 6 Limitation on Liability EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICA BLE LAW IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES 7 Termination a This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automat ically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License Individuals or entities who have received Adaptations or Collections from You under this License however will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with 132 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 those licenses Sections 1 2 5 6 7 and 8 will survive any termination of this License Subject to the above terms and conditions the license granted here is perpetual for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work Notwithstanding the above Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different lic
65. a slideshow will give you an introduction to some of the default applications included with Ubuntu These applications are covered in more detail in Chapter 3 Working with Ubuntu The slideshow will also highlight the Ubuntu support options Install Figure 1 8 Ubuntu community support options Any questions Where to get help for Ubuntu Check out the best place to get an answer about Ubuntu With most questions already answered and thousands of people ready to help you ll be sorted in no time at all And if you need an answer ona deadline you can get commercial support and more at n After approximately twenty minutes the installation will complete and you will be able to click Restart Now to restart your computer and start Ubuntu The pvp will be ejected so remove it from your Dvp drive and press Enter to continue Figure 1 9 You are now ready to restart your computer restart the computer any changes you make or documents you save will not be O Installation has finished You can continue testing Ubuntu now but until you preserved Continue Testing __Restart Now _ Wait while your computer restarts and you will then see the login win dow unless you selected automatic login 18 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Login Screen After the installation has finished and your computer is restarted you will be greeted by the login screen of Ubuntu The login screen will present you with your username and y
66. a success As is the case with visible wireless networks hidden wireless network settings will be saved once a connection is made and the wireless network will then appear in the list of saved connections Disabling and enabling your wireless card By default wireless access is enabled if you have a wireless card installed in Many modern laptops also have a physical your computer In certain environments like on airplanes you may need switch button built into the chassis that i ji provides a way to quickly enable disable the to temporarily disable your wireless card Wireless card To disable your wireless card click on the NetworkManager icon and deselect the Enable Wireless option Your wireless radio will now be turned off and your computer will no longer search for wireless networks To reactivate your wireless card simply select the Enable Wireless op tion Ubuntu will then begin to search for wireless networks automatically If you are in range of a saved network you will automatically be connected Changing an existing wireless network At times you may want to change the settings of a saved wireless network for example when the wireless password gets changed To edit a saved wireless network connection 1 Click on the NetworkManager icon and select Edit Connections 2 A Network Connections window will open Click on the Wireless tab 10 11 12 WORKING WITH UBUNTU 45 By default saved networks
67. able at http inkscape org
68. acom Graphics Tablet System a O O0 Backup Details Management Software Time amp Date Universal User Accounts Service Sources Access One of the advantages to a windowed environment through Unity is the ability to change the look and feel of your desktop Don t like the default Ubuntu theme Do you have a picture of your third cousin s aunt s uncle s nephew s pet chihuahua that you d love to see on your desktop as wallpa per All of this and more is possible through desktop customizations in Unity Most customizations can be reached via the Session Indicator and then selecting System Settings to open the System Settings application win dow The Dash desktop appearance themes wallpapers accessibility and other configuration settings are available here For more information see Session options Appearance You can change the background fonts and window theme to further mod ify the look and feel of your desktop To begin open Appearance by either right clicking on your background and selecting Change Desktop Back ground or selecting Session Indicator gt System Settings Appearance Theme The Appearance window will display the current selected background wallpaper and theme Themes control the appearance of your windows buttons scroll bars panels icons and other parts of the desktop The Am biance theme is used by default but there are other themes from which you 31 32 GETTING STARTED W
69. all an application previously removed and do not remember the application s name There are four buttons in the history section All Changes Installations Updates and Removals Clicking one will show a list of days the selected action occurred If you click the arrow next to a day a list of individual packages will be shown along with what was done with them and at what time The History section shows the history of all software installed on your computer not just changes made within the Ubuntu Software Center For example packages updated through the software updater will also be listed Software Recommendations The Ubuntu Software Center offers two types of recommendations per user based and per application based Click the Turn On Recommenda tions button in the right panel of the Ubuntu Software Center to enable per user based recommendations You will have to log in with your Ubuntu Software Center account This is the same as your Ubuntu One or Launch pad account When you enable recommendations the list of installed soft ware will be periodically sent to servers of Canonical Recommendations will appear in the same panel If you want to disable these recommenda tions go to View gt Turn Off Recommendations Recommended For You Figure 5 6 You can turn on Software Rec ommendations via clicking on the Turn On Recommendations button Turn On Recommendations To mak mendations Ubuntu Software Center wil
70. alongside Windows For the Run it with Windows option simply select Start download and then follow the instructions for the Ubuntu installer for Windows 32 bit versus 64 bit Ubuntu and its derivatives are available in two versions 32 bit and 64 bit This difference refers to the way computers process information Comput 32 bit and 64 bit are types of processor ers capable of running 64 bit software are able to process more information architectures Most new d sktop computers x r 5 have a 64 bit capable processor than computers running 32 bit software however 64 bit systems require more memory in order to do this Nevertheless these computers gain per formance enhancements by running 64 bit software gt If your computer has a 64 bit processor install the 64 bit version 10 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 gt If your computer is older a netbook or you do not know the type of processor in the computer install the 32 bit version If your computer has a 64 bit processor click on the 64 bit option before you click Start download Downloading Ubuntu as a torrent When a new version of Ubuntu is released the download servers can get clogged as large numbers of people try to download or upgrade Ubuntu at the same time If you are familiar with using torrents you can download the torrent file by clicking Alternative downloads and then BitTorrent download Downloading via torrent may im
71. an external source such as a portable hard drive usB flash drive or cbD Dvp you should select Copy into Library so the photos are copied to your computer otherwise they won t appear when you remove the external source Viewing photos Choose Library or any collection in the sidebar to display photos from your selection Use the slider on the bottom bar to adjust the size of the thumbnails To view a full window image double click an individual photo In the full window view you can navigate through the collection using the backward and forward arrows zoom in on the image using the slider pan by clicking and dragging the image and exit the full window view by double clicking the image To view the collection in full screen mode press F11 or go to View gt Fullscreen You can navigate through the collection using the toolbar by moving your mouse to the bottom of the screen To view a slideshow pre 68 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 sentation of the collection press F5 or go to View Slideshow Press the Esc key to exit the Fullscreen or Slideshow views Organizing photos Shotwell makes finding photos of the same type easier by using tags You can apply as many tags to a photo as you like To apply tags to photos first select the photos Then right click on the photos and select Add Tags Enter the tags you want into the text field separated by commas If you are adding new tags these will appear in the side bar on the
72. and need to keep an eye on each of them at the same time The second option is to mirror the desktop onto each of the displays This is particularly useful when you are using a laptop to display something on a larger screen or a projector To enable this option just check the box beside Mirror displays and click Apply to save the settings You will get a pop up notification asking if you want to keep the current setting or revert to the previous setting Click to keep the current setting Another useful resource is the official online documentation http help ubuntu com which contains detailed information about various graphics drivers and known problems This same documentation can be Found by searching for Yelp in the Dash search bar or by pressing F1 on your keyboard Displays are made up of thousands of tiny pixels Each pixel displays a different color and when combined they all display the image that you see The native screen resolution is a measure of the amount of actual pixels on your display Starting from Ubuntu 12 04 you can also select whether you want the Unity Launcher in both the displays or only in the primary display Connecting and using your printer Ubuntu supports most new printers You can add remove and change printer properties by navigating to System Settings Printing You can also search for Printing from the Dash search bar Opening Printing will display the Printing localhost window When y
73. are required to access the wireless network ray Password Show password Cancel If you know the password enter it in the Password field and then click on the Connect button As you type the password it will be obscured from view to prevent others from reading the password as you type it Once the To verify the characters you are entering for password is entered click on the Connect button The NetworkManager the password you can view the password by z iri thi will t Ubunt tt tst ttoth selecting the Show Password check box Then icon in the top panel will animate as Ubuntu attempts to connect to the yo can make the password obscure again by network If the connection is successful the icon will change to display a deselecting the Show password check box signal meter An on screen notification message will also appear informing you that the connection was successful If you entered the password incorrectly or if it doesn t match the cor rect password for example if it has recently been changed and you have forgotten NetworkManager will make another attempt to connect to the network and the Wireless Network Authentication Required window will re appear so that you can re type the password You can hit the Cancel but ton to abort the connection If you do not know the correct password you may need to call your 1sp s customer support line or contact your network administrator Once you have successful
74. ased systems do not affect Ubuntu systems Basic security concepts The following sections discuss basic security concepts like file permissions passwords and user accounts Understanding these concepts will help you in securing your computer Permissions In Ubuntu files and folders can be set up so that only specific users can view modify or run them For instance you might wish to share an impor tant file with other users but do not want those users to be able to edit the file Ubuntu controls access to files on your computer through a system of ADVANCED TOPICS 111 permissions Permissions are settings configured to control exactly how files on your computer are accessed and used To learn more about modifying permissions visit https help ubuntu com community FilePermissions Passwords You should use a strong password to increase the security of your computer Your password should not contain names common words or common phrases By default the minimum length of a password in Ubuntu is four characters We recommend a password with more than the minimum num ber of characters A password with a minimum of eight characters which includes both upper and lower case letters numbers and symbols is consid ered strong Locking the screen When you leave your computer unattended you may want to lock the screen Locking your screen prevents another user from using your com puter until your password is entered
75. astest connection with your computer 1 Click the dropdown box next to Download from in the Software Sources window 2 Select Other from the list 3 In the Server Selection window click the Select Best Server button in the upper right Your computer will now attempt a connection with all the available servers then select the one with the fastest speed If you are happy with the automatic selection click Choose Server to return to the Software Sources window If you are not happy with the automatic selection or prefer not to use the tool the fastest server is often the closest server to you geographically In this case simply choose Other then find the nearest location to your location When you are happy with the selection click Choose Server to return to the Software Sources window If you do not have a working Internet connection updates and programs can be installed from the installation media itself by inserting your media and clicking the box under Installable from cD RoM Dvp Once this box is checked the media within the cD RoM Dvp drive will function as an online repository and the software on the media will be installable from the Ubuntu Software Center Adding more software repositories Ubuntu makes it easy to add additional third party repositories to your A PPA is a Personal Package Archive These list of software sources The most common repositories added to Ubuntu are online repos
76. at you would like to erase You can enable the Fast blank option if you would like to shorten the amount of time to perform the blanking process However selecting this option will not fully remove the files if you have any sensitive data on your disc it would be best not to enable the Fast blank option Once the disc is erased blank you will see The disc was successfully blanked Click the Close button to finish Audio project If you record your own music then you may want to transfer this music onto an audio cp so your friends and family can listen You can start an audio project by clicking Project New Project New Audio Project When burning a music cD it is important to remember that commercial music cps usually have two second gap between song To ensure your music has this same gap between songs click the file and then click the pause button You can slice files into parts by clicking the Knife button This opens a Split Track window The Method drop down gives you four options each option lets you split the track in a different way Once you have split the track click OK In the drop down list at the bottom of the main Brasero window make Temporary files are saved in the tmp Folder by default Should you wish to save these files in another location you will need to change the setting in the Temporary files drop down menu Under normal conditions you should not need to change this setting RW stan
77. ate Choose Add on the toolbar and enter the URL of the podcasts to save it to Rhythmbox Podcasts will be automatically downloaded at regular intervals or you can manually update feeds Select an episode and click Play You can also delete episodes Streaming audio stations are radio stations that broadcast over the Internet Some of these are real radio stations that also stream over the Internet and others broadcast only over the Internet You can browse a selected list of radio stations at http en wikipedia org wiki List_of_ Internet_stations or you can use your browser to search for Internet radio stations Figure 3 29 Rhythmbox connected to an Android device DAAP stands for Digital Audio Access Proto col and is a method designed by Apple to let software share media across a network WORKING WITH UBUNTU 73 Party mode Rhythmbox comes with the option of a party mode To enter party mode press F11 on your keyboard or use the global menu bar View Party Mode to exit from party mode press F11 again Rhythmbox also has a browser bar that is enabled by default this area is the top right half of the program window It gives you the option to search your music by artist or album Rhythmbox preferences The default configuration of Rhythmbox may not be exactly what you want Choose Edit Preferences to alter the application settings The Preferences tool is broken into four main areas general
78. ates are enabled by default Recommended updates These updates are not as important in keeping your system secure Rather recommended updates will keep your software 106 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 updated with the most recent bug fixes or minor updates that have been tested and approved This option is also enabled by default Pre released updates This option is for those who would rather remain up to date with the very latest releases of applications at the risk of installing an update that has unresolved bugs or conflicts Note that it is possible you will encounter problems with these updated applications therefore this option is not enabled by default Unsupported updates These are updates that have not yet been fully tested and reviewed by Canonical Some bugs may occur when using these updates and so this option is also not enabled by default Automatic updates The middle section of this window allows you to customize how your sys tem manages updates such as the frequency with which it checks for new packages as well as whether it should install important updates right away without asking for your permission download them only or just notify you about them Release upgrade Here you can decide which system upgrades you would like to be notified Every six months Canonical will release a new about version of the Ubuntu operating system These are called normal releases Every four normal f releases or 24
79. atively installable in Ubuntu it also works for some applications running under WINE Online Help If you can t find an answer to your question in this manual or in the Ubuntu Desktop Guide you can contact the Ubuntu community through the Ubuntu Forums http ubuntuforums org Many Ubuntu users open an account on the forums to receive help and in turn provide support to others as they gain more knowledge Another useful resource is the Ubuntu Wiki https wiki ubuntu com a website maintained by the Ubuntu community You can lock your screen quickly by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl Alt L Locking your screen is recommended if you move away from your computer for a short amount of time Many applications have their own help section which can be accessed by clicking the Help menu within the application window Figure 2 13 The HUD heads up display shows application specific help information based on your general input The HUD feature may not be available in all applications as this is a new capability in Ubuntu 12 04 Your mileage may vary WINE is an acronym for Wine Is Not an Emulator It allows you to run some Windows based applications in Ubuntu Discussion of how to use WINE is beyond the scope of this manual but it is worth checking out if you need to run Windows applications under Ubuntu We encourage you to check any information you find on other websites with multiple sources when possible but only Follow
80. available at no cost Visit http www askubuntu com to get started Search Engines Because Ubuntu is a popular open source operating system many users have written about it online Therefore using search engines to locate answers to your questions about Ubuntu is often an effective means of acquiring help When using search engines to answer questions about Ubuntu ensure that your search queries are as specific as possible In other words a search for Unity interface will return results that are less useful than those associated with the query how to use Ubuntu Unity interface or how to customize Ubuntu Unity interface Community support If you ve exhausted all these resources and still can t find answers to your questions visit Community Support at http www ubuntu com support community The Ubuntu community Surrounding Ubuntu is a global community of passionate users who want to help others adopt use understand and even modify or enhance Ubuntu By choosing to install and run Ubuntu you ve become part of this community As you learn more about Ubuntu you may wish to collaborate with others to make it better to discuss the future of Ubuntu to report software bugs you discover to promote Ubuntu to new users to share Ubuntu advice or to answer other users questions In this section we ll discuss a few community projects that can connect you to other Ubuntu users Full Circle Magazine Full Ci
81. before they are permanently removed from your computer To access the Trash folder click on the trash icon at the bottom of the Unity Launcher If you want to restore deleted items from the Trash 1 Open Trash 2 Click on each item you want to restore to select it Press and hold Ctrl to select multiple items 3 Click Restore Selected Items to move the deleted items back to their original locations How do I clean Ubuntu Ubuntu s software packaging system accumulates unused packages and temporary files through regular updates and use These temporary files also called caches contain files from all of the installed packages Over time this cache can grow quite large Cleaning out the cache allows you to reclaim space on your computer s hard drive for storing your documents music photographs or other files To clear the cache you can either use the clean or the autoclean option for the command line program apt get TROUBLESHOOTING 117 Figure 7 1 This is the grub screen in which you can choose recovery mode 118 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 To run clean open Terminal and enter The clean command will remove every single cached item while the autoclean sudo apt get clean command only removes cached items that can no longer be downloaded these items are Packages can also become unused over time If a package was installed often unnecessary to assist with running another program and that program was subse
82. buntu One My Storage Mozilla Firefox U ubuntu One My Storage lt la e ubuntu com fil MJC M a a ubuntu Welcome John Doe My Account logout one Dashboard Files Music Contacts Files o Upload file E8 New folder Share this folder MyStorage Pictures 3 minutes ago 7 More 03 MB notification png 68 7 KB 28 minutes ago More 32 Publish file Download file File type image png Delete file 03 U1 naut addfolder rtclick png 101 8 KB 18 minutes ago More Dashboard Services Downloads Help Developer Ubuntu One Files Ubuntu One Free Ubuntu One for Windows FAQs Files API Services Contacts Music Streaming add on Ubuntu One for Ubuntu Tutorials Music API Downloads Ubuntu One for Android Service Status Accounts Admin API About us files you are publishing and allows you to easilly copy their links by click ing the Copy link button located next to each public file Sharing Files Ubuntu One lets you share files with other Ubuntu One users letting you collaborate on files with ease When one user makes a change to a shared file the changes automatically sync to the other users personal clouds and their local file system so all users automatically have the most recent version of the file Ubuntu One My Storage Mozilla Firefox U ubuntu One My storage a e ubuntu com file MJE N a ubuntu Welcome John Doe My Account logout u one Sharing Folders shared with you and folders you have marked Dashboa
83. but you can change this by clicking Options then mouse over Format and select your preferred option from the list You have a choice of Auto Detect Plain Text Only Rich Text HTML Only and Plain and Rich HTML Text When you have finished composing your email click on the Send button on the window s toolbar Your message will be placed in the Outbox and will be sent to your desired recipient Attaching files At times you may want to send files to your contacts To send files you will need to attach them to your email message To attach a file to an email You can attach quite a Few different file types you are composing click on the Attach button When the new window to emails but be careful abou the sizeof the attachments IF they are too big some email opens select the file you want to send and click open The file you selected systems will fajeck theemaillyouaresending will then be attached to the email when you click send and your recipient will never receive it Replying to Messages In addition to composing new messages you may want to reply to messages that you receive There are three types of email replies Reply or Reply to Sender sends your reply only to the sender of the message to whom you are replying Reply to All sends your reply to the sender of the message as well as any address in To or Ce lines Forward allows you to send the message with any additional comments you may add to some other contacts
84. ccounts To adjust the user settings first click the Unlock button and enter your password to unlock the user settings Next select the user that you want to modify from the list Then click on the element that you want to change 112 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 User Accounts Figure 6 3 Add remove and change the user All Settings User Accounts accounts My Account 2 John Doe John Doe Administrator Other Accounts Accounttype Administrator Language English United States Login Options Password esse Automatic Login Adding a user Click the button underneath the list of the current user accounts A window will appear with two fields The Name field contains a friendly display name The Username field is for the actual username Fill in the requested information then click OK A new dialog box will appear asking you to enter a password for the user you have just created Fill out the fields then click OK You can also click the gears button to generate a password Privileges you grant to the new user can be altered in Users Settings Modifying a user Click on the name of a user in the list of users then click on the text entry next to each of following options Account type gt Password gt Automatic Login Deleting a user Select a user from the list and click Ubuntu will deacti vate the user s account and you can choose whether to remove the user s home folder or leave it in place If a
85. cific sites Searching the web for words selected in a web page Sometimes you may want to search for a phrase that you see on a web page You can copy and paste the phrase into the Search Bar but there is a quicker way 1 Highlight the word or phrase in a web page using your left mouse but ton 2 Right click the highlighted text and select Search Search Engine for your selected words Firefox passes the highlighted text to the search engine and opens a new tab with the results Searching within a page ubuntu Find Ubuntu 4 Previous Next Highlight all Match case You may want to look for specific text within the web page you are viewing To find text within the current page in Firefox 1 Choose Edit Find or press Ctrl F to open the Find Toolbar at the bottom of Firefox 2 Enter your search query into the Find field in the Find Toolbar The search automatically begins as soon as you type something into the field 3 Once some text has been matched on the web page you can gt Click on Next to find text in the page that is below the current cursor position gt Click on Previous to find text that is above the current cursor posi tion gt Click on Highlight all to highlight all occurrences of your search words in the current page gt Select the Match case option to limit the search to text that has the same capitalization as your search words To quickly find the same word or phrase again pre
86. clicking the Get more storage button in the Ubuntu One Control Panel or at https one ubuntu com services Additional storage is available in 20 GB blocks See https one ubuntu com services for the price of additional storage blocks Getting Ubuntu One Mobile Apps 86 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Ubuntu One Services Mozilla Firefox U ubuntu one services lt a ye ubuntu com service MAE N Q A ubu ntu Welcome John Doe My Account logout one Home Services Download About Us Blog Help Ubuntu One Enjoy your content your way wherever you are Music Streaming Storage Discount j File sync across platforms Music streaming on your mobile Two months j free on Music 5GB of Storage H 20 GB of Storage for allyour data Streaming and 5 S je when Share folders and files Listen offline you sign up for 12 months Access on your mobile Add Music Streaming Add Extra Storage Use Ubuntu One with ubuntu H Enter Payment Details Mozilla Firefox C Enter Payment Details lt a pay ubuntu com check ubuntu one Order summary ubuntu pay Quantity Description Amount File Sync 29 99 USD Billed Annually Total 29 99 USD The next payment is due on 23 09 2013 and will renew every year Select your preferred payment method Payment Method Credit or Debit Card visa GJ PayPal PayPal Ubuntu One has mobile applications for A
87. ct list as in figure 3 19 and select Send File Empathy should open the Select file window Find the file you wish to send and click on the Send button A File Transfers window will open showing the file and its transfer progress When the file transfer is complete you can close the File Transfers window 62 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Changing your status You can use your status to show your contacts how busy you are or what you are doing Your contacts see your status next to your name when they chat with you You can use the standard statuses which are Available Away gt Busy gt Invisible gt Offline Two of these statuses have additional functionality The Invisible status lets you see which of your contacts are online but does not allow them to see that you are online The Offline status logs you out entirely you will not be able to see which of your contacts are online nor can they see you or chat with you You can change your status in one of two ways The first method is in the main Empathy window from the drop down list at the top of the window The same drop down list lets you set a custom status by choosing Cus tom Message next to the icon that matches your status Enter what you would like your status to say and click on the green check mark The second method is to click the Messaging Icon on the menu bar as shown in figure 3 14 From this menu you will see all
88. d then start again As the computer starts up press Shift Select the Recovery mode option using the arrow keys on your keyboard Recovery mode should be the second item in the list Wait until Ubuntu starts up this may take a few minutes Once booted you will not be able to see a normal login screen Instead you will be pre sented with the Recovery Menu Select root using the arrow keys and press Enter You will now be at a terminal prompt The device dev sdal dev sdaz2 etc we are looking For is identified by the word Linux in the System column Modify the instructions below if necessary replacing dev sdal with the name of your Linux device buntu with Linux 3 5 0 6 generic ya mode root ubuntu To reset your password enter passwd username Replace username above with your username after which Ubuntu will prompt you for a new password Enter your desired password press the Enter key and then re type your password again pressing the Enter again when done Ubuntu asks for your password twice to make sure you did not make a mistake while typing Once you have restored your password return to the normal system environment by entering init 2 Login as usual and continue enjoying Ubuntu l accidentally deleted some files that I need If you ve deleted a file by accident you may be able to recover it from Ubuntu s Trash folder This is a special folder where Ubuntu stores deleted files
89. dden then simply start the filename or n Nautilus you can show hidden files and directories by selecting View directory name with a dot this signals to Show Hidden Files or by pressing Ctrl H If you are using the terminal the filesystem that the file directory should then you would type ls a and press Enter to see the hidden files and di be hidden unless expressly viewed through Th hidd i n A h fold d showing hidden files and folders through the rectories There are many hidden directories in your home folder used to GUl or throughithe appropriate commandiline store program preferences For example home yourusername evolution switch stores preferences used by the Evolution mail application 110 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Mounting and unmounting removable devices Any time you add storage media to your computer an internal or external hard drive a uss flash drive a cD ROM it needs to be mounted before it is accessible Mounting a device means to associate a directory name with the device allowing you to navigate to the directory to access the device s files When a device such as a uss flash drive or a media player is mounted in Ubuntu a folder is automatically created for it in the media directory and you are given the appropriate permissions to be able to read and write to the device Most file managers will automatically add a shortcut to the mounted device in the side bar of your home folder or as a sh
90. derbird You are now ready to start using Thunderbird Around the Thunderbird workspace Now that you have your email account set up let s get to know the Thun derbird workspace Thunderbird is designed to be very user friendly and easy to navigate When you open the application you will see the main workspace with your email folders all folders window on the left On the 56 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 right of the screen you will see two windows The top right window dis plays a list of your received email and the bottom right window displays the current email you are viewing The size of these windows can be easily resized to suit your viewing environment To resize the windows simply left click and hold the dividing bar that separates the two windows and drag the bar up or down to the desired position The All Folders window is where you can see your mail folders This window can also include Inbox Where your email is stored and accessed Email address folder You will see one of these folders for each of the ac counts you have setup Drafts Where your draft emails are stored Sent mail Where the emails you have sent are stored Spam This is where suspected spam email is stored so you can check them to make sure you haven t lost any important emails Trash This is where messages you ve deleted are stored so you can double check to make sure you haven t accidentally deleted an important email also one of the local folders
91. derstandings agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You The rights granted under and the subject matter referenced in this License were drafted utilizing the terminology of the Berne Conven tion for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works as amended on September 28 1979 the Rome Convention of 1961 the WIPO Copy right Treaty of 1996 the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty of 1996 and the Universal Copyright Convention as revised on July 24 1971 These rights and subject matter take effect in the relevant jurisdiction in which the License terms are sought to be enforced according to the corresponding provisions of the implementation of those treaty provisions in the applicable national law If the standard suite of rights granted under applicable copyright law includes addi tional rights not granted under this License such additional rights are deemed to be included in the License this License is not intended to restrict the license of any rights under applicable law Creative Commons Notice Creative Commons is not a party to this License and makes no warranty whatsoever in connection with the Work Creative Commons will not be liable to You or any party on any legal theory for any damages whatso
92. des Unity 3D Unity 3D now is able to run on lower powered systems as well as high performance platforms The Desktop Background Below the menu bar is an image that covers the entire desktop This is the default desktop background or wallpaper belonging to the default Ubuntu 12 10 theme known as Ambiance To learn more about customizing your desktop including changing your background see the section on Customizing your desktop below The Menu Bar The menu bar incorporates common functions used in Ubuntu 12 10 The icons on the far right of the menu bar are called the indicator area Each installation of Ubuntu may contain slightly different types and quantities of icons based on a number of factors including type of hardware and available on board peripherals The most common indicators are starting from the left Keyboard indicator allows you to select the keyboard layout you would like and change your keyboard preferences Messaging indicator incorporates all your social applications From here you can access your instant messenger client your email client your microblogging application and even Ubuntu One your personal cloud Network indicator allows you to manage your network connections and connect quickly and easily to a wired or wireless network Sound indicator provides an easy way to adjust the sound volume as well as access your music player and sound settings Clock displays the current time and provides an easy
93. details about your current connection or edit all connection settings In the image to the right you will see a check mark next to Enable Networking Deselect Enable Net working to disable all network connections Select Enable Networking to enable networking again This can be very useful when you are required to turn off all wireless communications like in an airplane Establishing a wired connection If you have an Ethernet cable running from a wall socket or networking device such as a switch or router then you will want to setup a wired connection in Ubuntu In order to connect to the Internet with a wired connection you need to know whether your network supports Duce Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is a way for your computer to automatically be configured to access your network and or Internet connection DHCP is usually auto matically configured on your router This is usually the quickest and easiest way of establishing a connection to the Internet If you are unsure whether your router is setup to use DHCP you may wish to contact your Isp s In ternet Service Provider customer service line to check If your router isn t configured to use DHCP then they will also be able to tell you what configu ration settings you need in order to get online Automatic connections with DHCP If your network supports DHCP then you may already be set up for online access To check this click on the NetworkManager
94. ds for Re Writable which means the disc can be used more than once WORKING WITH UBUNTU 77 sure that you have selected the disc where you want to burn the files Then click the Burn button Data project If you want to make a back up of your documents or photos it would be best to make a data project You can start a data project by clicking Project New Project New Data Project If you want to add a folder you can click the Folder picture then enter the name of the folder In the drop down list at the bottom of the main Brasero window be sure to select the disc where you want to burn the files Then click the Burn button Video project If you want to make a pvp of your family videos it would be best to make a video project You can start a video project by clicking Project New Project New Video Project In the drop down list at the bottom of the main Brasero window be sure to select the disc where you want to burn the files Then click the Burn button Disc copy You can copy a disc clicking Project New Project Disc copy This opens the Copy cp Dvp window If you have two cp Dvp drives you can copy a disc from one to the other assuming the source disc is in one drive and the destination disc with blank media is in the other drive If you have only one drive you will need An image is a single file representation of the to make an image and then burn it to a disc In the Select disc to c
95. e Music Streaming service 4 Hardware Using your devices Ubuntu supports a wide range of hardware and support for new hardware improves with every release Hardware identification There are various ways to identify your hardware in Ubuntu The easiest would be to install an application from the Ubuntu Software Center called Sysinfo Firstly open the Ubuntu Software Center then use the search box in the top right corner to search for sysinfo Select the Application click Install Enter your password when prompted to install the application To run the application search for Sysinfo at the Dash search bar Click on the program once you find it The Sysinfo program will open a window that displays information about the hardware in your system Displays Hardware drivers A driver is a piece of software which tells your computer how to communi cate with a piece of hardware Every component in a computer requires a driver to function whether it s the printer pvp player hard disk or graph ics card The majority of graphics cards are manufactured by three well known Your graphics card is the component in your companies Intel AMD ATI and NviDIA Corp You can find your video card comipuberwhich outputs te He display Whether you are watching videos on YouTube viewing DVDs or simply enjoying the smooth specifications of your computer s model on the Internet or by using the transition effects when you maximize mi
96. e Is Yours Rihanna Loud Kings Of Leon Come Around Sundown Deluxe Version Iron amp Wine Kiss Each Other Joan As Police Woman The Deep Field Anna Depenbusch Die Mathematik der Anna Depenbusch Hurts The Decembe Happiness The King Is De Different audio files mp3 WAV AAC OGG etc require unique tools to de code them and play the contents These tools are called codecs Rhythmbox attempts to detect any missing codecs on your system so you can play all of your audio files If a codec is missing it automatically tries to find the codec online and guides you through its installation WORKING WITH UBUNTU 75 Rhythmbox support Rhythmbox is used by many users throughout the world There are a vari ety of support resources available in many languages gt Help Contents or F1 for the main help gt Help gt Get Help Online to ask questions and report bugs gt The Rhythmbox website at http www rhythmbox org gt The Multimedia amp Video category of Ubuntu Forums at http ubuntuforums org forumdisplay php f 334 Burning CDs and DVDs To create a CD or DVD open the Dash and search for Brasero Disc Burner Once you find Brasero double click it This opens Brasero application The burning options that now appear are explained below Brasero Figure 3 31 Brasero burns music video data Create a new project Recent projects DVDs and CDs gt F No recently used project Audio project Hi
97. e allowing the application to publish photos Follow the instructions in the window select your desired options and click Publish to upload your images to the web Further information We ve only just touched on the features of Shotwell To get more help select Help Contents This will load the online manual where you can get more detailed instructions on how to use Shotwell effectively Watching videos and movies To watch videos or pvps in Ubuntu you can use the Movie Player applica tion To start the Movie Player click on the Dash then search for Movie Player and select it This will open the Movie Player window Movie Player Figure 3 27 Movie player Totem plays music Playlist and videos Time tl 1 gt lt K Stopped 0 00 0 00 70 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Codecs Watching DvDs may require Ubuntu to install a coder decoder also known as a codec a piece of software allowing your computer to understand the contents of the pvp and display the video Legal Notice Patent and copyright laws differ depending on which country you are in Please obtain legal advice if you are unsure whether a particular patent or restriction applies to a media format you wish to use in your country So that you can play all videos and pvps you will need to install codecs To install the codecs open the Ubuntu Software Center either through the Dash or the Launcher When the Ubuntu
98. e name of a Linux distribution as well as the family of distribu tions derived from Debian Ubuntu is part of this family When describing relationships between various open source projects software developers often use the metaphor of tributaries connecting to a common body of water For this reason you may hear someone say that Ubuntu is located downstream from Debian because alterations to Debian flow into new versions of Ubuntu Additionally improvements to Ubuntu usually trickle upstream back to Debian and its family members which benefit from the work of the Ubuntu community Other distributions in the Debian family include Linux Mint Xandros and CrunchBang Linux Distributions in the Red Hat family include Fedora and Mandriva The most significant difference between Debian based and Red Hat based distributions is the system each uses for installing and updating software These systems are called package management systems Debian software Package management systems are the means by packages are DEB files while Red Hat software packages are RPM files ch ca aR CLO Hae ale The two systems are generally incompatible For more information about source peratia ie kE Ubuntu p package management see Chapter 5 Software Management You will also find Linux distributions that have been specialized for certain tasks Next we ll describe these versions of Ubuntu and explain the uses for which each has been developed Choosi
99. e the name as you see fit Write This button allows you to quickly send an email to a selected contact without needing to go back to the main Thunderbird workspace Simply select a contact from your contacts list and click the write button to send them an email Delete This button allows you to quickly delete a contact from your address book Just select the contact you want to delete and press delete to remove the contact from your address book Checking and reading messages Thunderbird will automatically check your email account for new mes sages every ten minutes but if you need to manually check for new mes sages at any time left click the get mail button in the top left corner of the workspace Thunderbird will then check your email account for new mes sages and download them As they are downloaded you will see the new email appear in the message window on the right side of the workspace When you click on one of your emails it will appear in the window below your email list If you want to view your email in a full window double left click your chosen email and Thunderbird will display the email in a full window in its own tab At the top of the open email you will see infor mation about the email and the five quick action buttons reply forward archive junk and delete as previously discussed If an email has remote content you will see a message asking if you want to display the email or not You may want to fi
100. e urt in the Search field at the top of the history sidebar The sidebar displays a list of web pages matching 54 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 your search words Select the page you want You can even do this in the Location Bar saving you from having to open the History sidebar or pop up window Clearing private data Firefox stores all its data only on your computer Nevertheless if you share your computer you may at times want to delete all private data Select Tools Clear Recent History or press Shift Ctrl Delete Choose your Time range to clear and under Details which items to clear and press Clear Now Preventing Firefox from recording private data You can start private browsing where Firefox will not record anything permanently This lasts until you turn it off or until you restart Firefox Choose Tools Start Private Browsing or press Shift Ctr1 P Press the button Start Private Browsing to confirm As long as you remain in this mode Firefox will not record browsing download form or search history or cookies nor will it cache files However if you bookmark anything or download files these will be retained Repeat Tools Start Private Browsing or Shift Ctr1 P or restart Fire fox to end private browsing Using a different web browser Details Figure 3 11 The Default Applications where All Settings Details you can change your preferred browser Overview Default Applications Web
101. ect the one you would like to change To delete right click and choose Delete or press Delete on your keyboard To edit change the details shown at the bottom of the window History Whenever you are browsing the web Firefox saves your browsing history This allows you to come back to a web page that you have recently visited without needing to remember or bookmark the page s uRL To see your most recent history open the History menu from the top bar The menu displays several of the most recent web pages that you have viewed Choose one of the pages to return to it To view the complete history either gt Select View gt History or press Ctr1 H to view the history in a sidebar this replaces the bookmarks sidebar if it is open Repeat or press the close button at its top to hide the sidebar gt Select History Show All History or press Shift Ctr1 H to view the history in a pop up window Your browsing history is categorized as Today Yesterday Last 7 days This month the previous five months by name and finally Older than 6 months If history for a category does not exist that category will not be listed Select one of the date categories in the sidebar to expand it and reveal the pages that you visited during that time Once you find the page you want select it to re display it You can also search for a page by its title or URL Enter a few letters from one or more words or optionally th
102. ed to show you where text will appear when you start typing You can move it around with the arrow keys on your keyboard prompt in a terminal or other text input application desktop environment A generic term to describe a Gut interface for humans to interact with computers There are many desktop environments such as GNOME KDE XFCE and LXDE to name a few DHCP DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol it is used by a DHCP server to assign computers on a network an 1p address automati cally dialup connection A dialup connection is when your computer uses a mo dem to connect to an Isp through your telephone line distribution A distribution is a collection of software that is already com piled and configured ready to be installed Ubuntu is an example of a distribution dual booting Dual booting is the process of being able to choose one of two different operating systems currently installed on a computer from the boot menu Once selected your computer will boot into whichever operating system you chose at the boot menu The term dual booting is often used generically and may refer to booting among more than two operating systems encryption Encryption is a security measure it prevents others from access ing and viewing the contents of your files and or hard drives the files must first be decrypted with your password Ethernet port An Ethernet port is what an Ethernet cable is plugged into when you are using a wired con
103. elay Chat to seek help with Ubuntu visit https help ubuntu com community InternetRelayChat LoCo teams Within the Ubuntu community are dozens of local user groups called LoCo teams Spread throughout the world these teams offer support and advice answer questions and promote Ubuntu in their communities by hosting regular events To locate and contact the LoCo team nearest you visit http loco ubuntu com Books and Magazines Many books have been written about Ubuntu and professional magazines often feature news and information related to Ubuntu You will frequently find these resources at your local bookstore or newsstand However many of these print publications are also available as digital downloads for pur chase in the Ubuntu Software Center To find these launch the Software Center then click on Books amp Magazines in the left panel Official Ubuntu Documentation The Ubuntu Documentation team maintains a series of official wiki pages In addition to official Ubuntu and community designed to assist both new and experienced users wishing to learn more help you will often Find third party help avail b Ub The Ub a h d hich able on the Internet While these documents about untu e untu community endorses these documents whic can often seem like great resources some serve as a reliable first point of reference for users seeking help online You could be misleading or outdated It s always can access these at ht
104. elp At the top of the window that displays your email you can see six action buttons reply reply all forward archive junk and delete You will find these very useful for quickly replying to email forwarding your email to another person archiving backing up your email marking an email as junk mail and quickly deleting an email To the left of these quick action buttons you will see information about the email you are viewing that includes the sender s name the subject of the email the reply address and the recipient of the email WORKING WITH UBUNTU 57 Using your address book At the top of the main workspace you will see the address book button Click this button to access your address book Once the address book opens you will see the address book window From here you can easily organize your contacts At the top of the address book window you will see five buttons new contact new list properties write and delete They function in the following ways New Contact This button allows you to add a new contact and add as much detail as you wish to save including name nickname address email additional email screen name work number home number fax pager and mobile cell number New List This button allows you to add lists for your contacts such as family friends acquaintances etc Properties This button allows you to rename your address book name The default name is personal address book but you can chang
105. ems What would you like to do Erase disk and install Ubuntu Warning This will delete any files on the disk Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security You will choose a security key in the next step Use LVM with the new Ubuntu installation This will set up Logical Volume Management It allows taking snapshots and easier partition resizing something else You can create or resize partitions yourself or choose multiple partitions For Ubuntu Quit Back Continue Upgrade Ubuntu to 12 10 This option will keep all of your Documents music pictures and other personal files Installed software will be kept when possible not all your currently installed software may be supported on the new version System wide settings will be cleared Erase disk and install Ubuntu Use this option if you want to erase your entire disk This will delete any existing operating systems that are installed on that disk such as Microsoft Windows and install Ubuntu in its place This option is also useful if you have an empty hard drive as Ubuntu will automatically create the neces sary partitions for you Formatting a partition will destroy any data currently on the partition Be sure to back up any data you want to save before formatting INSTALLATION 13 Ubuntu provides you with the option of either replacing your existing operating system altogether or installing Ubuntu alongside your existing system The latter is called
106. en copied navigate to the desired location then click Edit Paste or right click in an empty area of the window and select Paste to copy them to the new location While the copy command can be used to make a duplicate of a file or folder in a new location the cut command can be used to move files and folders around That is a copy will be placed in a new location and the original will be removed from its current location To move a file or folder select the item you want to move then click Edit Cut Navigate to the desired location then click Edit Paste As with the copy command above you can also perform this action using the right click menu and it will work for multiple files or folders at once An alternative way to move a file or folder is to click on the item and then drag it to the new location Using multiple tabs and multiple Nautilus windows Opening multiple Nautilus windows can be useful for dragging files and folders between locations The option of tabs as well as panes is also avail able in Nautilus To open a second windows when browsing a folder in Nautilus select File New Window or press Ctrl N This will open a new window allowing you to drag files and or folders between two locations To open a new tab click File New Tab or press Ctr1 T A new row will ap pear above the space used for browsing your files containing two tabs both will display the directory you were originally browsing You can c
107. ense terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time provided however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License or any other license that has been or is required to be granted under the terms of this License and this License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above 8 Miscellaneous a d f Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work or a Collec tion the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License and without further action by the parties to this agreement such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here There are no un
108. ent Page Use Bookmark Restore to Default Downloads Show the Downloads window when downloading a file Close it when all downloads are finished Save files to Downloads Browse Always ask me where to save files Add ons Change preferences for your add ons Manage Add ons Desktop Integration Prompt integration options For any website Exceptions Help Close To change your home page 1 Navigate to the page that you would like to become your new home page If you want Firefox to open more than one tab when it starts open a new tab and navigate to the extra page as many times as you would like 2 Choose Edit gt Preferences General gt Startup gt Use Current Pages gt Close Download settings In Edit Preferences General Downloads you can hide or show the Downloads window tell Firefox where to place downloaded files and whether or not to ask where each time Bookmarks When browsing the web you may want to come back to certain web pages again without having to remember the urRL To do this you bookmark each page These bookmarks are saved in the web browser and you can use them to re open to those web pages Bookmarking a page After navigating to a web page you can save its location by bookmarking it There are two ways to bookmark a page Figure 3 10 Change Firefox settings in this window The home page can also be set by entering the addresses that should be open in the Ho
109. epend on the command being executed For example using the cd command to change your current directory see above will change the prompt but will not display any output The rest of this chapter covers some very common uses of the terminal However it cannot address the nearly infinite possibilities available to you when using the command line interface in Ubuntu Throughout the second part of this manual we will continue to refer to the command line particularly when discussing steps involved in troubleshooting as well as when describing more advanced management of your computer Ubuntu File system structure Ubuntu uses the Linux file system which is based on a series of folders in the root directory These folders contain important system files that cannot be modified unless you are running as the root user or use sudo This restriction exists for both security and safety reasons computer viruses will not be able to change the core system files and ordinary users should not be able to accidentally damage anything vital We begin our discussion of the Ubuntu file system structure at the top also known as the root directory as denoted by The root directory con tains all other directories and files on your system Below the root directory are the following essential directories The terminal gives you access to what is called a shell When you type a command in the terminal the shell interprets this command resulting in the de
110. er if you re looking to expand your knowledge of Ubuntu we encourage you to keep reading Introduction to the terminal Throughout this manual we have focused primarily on the graphical desk top user interface In order to fully realize the power of Ubuntu you will need to learn how to use the terminal What is the terminal Most operating systems including Ubuntu have two types of user inter faces The first is a graphical user interface cut This is the desktop win dows menus and toolbars you click to get things done The second much older type of interface is the command line interface c11 The terminal is Ubuntu s command line interface It is a method of controlling some aspects of Ubuntu using only commands that you type on the keyboard Why would I want to use the terminal You can perform most day to day activities without ever needing to open the terminal However the terminal is a powerful and invaluable tool that can be used to perform many useful tasks you might not be able to accom plish with a Gui For example gt Troubleshooting any difficulties that may arise when using Ubuntu sometimes requires you to use the terminal gt A command line interface is sometimes a faster way to accomplish a task For example it is often easier to perform operations on many files concurrently using the terminal gt Learning the command line interface is the first step towards more advanced troubleshooting
111. es to prevent data loss You can also use Ubuntu One to share files with other people this makes Ubuntu One a great tool for friends families and collaborative teams Ubuntu One also provides services for backing up your contacts and streaming music to mobile devices The Ubuntu One service is provided by Canonical How safe is Ubuntu One Before using Ubuntu One you should bear the following points in mind gt Uploading downloading and synchronizing your information with Ubuntu One is done over an encrypted connection which prevents anybody eavesdropping on your information as it is being transferred gt Files are not stored by Canonical in encrypted form It is important to keep this in mind when deciding what to upload to Ubuntu One You can use other means to encrypt you data such as an encrypted zip file gt Information uploaded to Ubuntu One can potentially be accessed by Canonical As with similar online services and websites you are implic itly trusting them to respect your privacy so if you feel you cannot trust them with certain information don t upload it to Ubuntu One gt If you violate the Ubuntu One terms and conditions and store illegal material Canonical may be required to hand the information over to law enforcement agencies without your consent gt Your online information can be accessed by anybody who knows or can guess your account name and password For this reason you should choose a good pass
112. ever including without limitation any general special incidental or consequen tial damages arising in connection to this license Notwithstanding the foregoing two 2 sentences if Creative Commons has expressly identified itself as the Licensor hereunder it shall have all rights and obligations of Licensor Except for the limited purpose of indicating to the public that the Work is licensed under the CCPL Creative Commons does not authorize the use by either party of the trademark Creative Commons or any related trade mark or logo of Creative Commons without the prior written consent of Creative Commons Any permitted use will be in compliance with Creative Commons then current trademark usage guidelines as may be published on its website or otherwise made available upon request from time to time For the avoidance of doubt this trademark restriction does not form part of the License Creative Commons may be contacted at http creativecommons org LICENSE 133 Glossary Canonical Canonical the financial backer of Ubuntu provides support for the core Ubuntu system It has over 500 staff members worldwide who ensure that the foundation of the operating system is stable as well as checking all the work submitted by volunteer contributors To learn more about Canonical go to http www canonical com CLI CLI or command line interface is another name for the terminal cursor The usually blinking square or vertical line us
113. f the screen open the Edit menu select Contact then Remove This will open the Remove contact window Click on the Remove button to confirm that you want to remove this contact or click Cancel to keep the contact Microblogging Gwibber is the default microblogging application that lets you access multiple social networking accounts without having to open an Internet browser Gwibber can be used to access and post on Twitter Facebook Identi ca Ping fm Flickr Digg Status net Foursquare Qaiku and Friend Feed Upgrades and add ons If you need add ons for Ping fm Flickr Digg Status net Foursquare Qaiku and FriendFeed you need to install them before you begin using Gwibber Go to the Ubuntu Software Center and search for Gwibber Click on Gwib ber and press More Info to get the window shown in figure 3 20 Check each add on that you want or just select all of them and press Apply Changes Wait for them to finish installing You need to log out and in again to activate the add ons WORKING WITH UBUNTU 63 Be aware that when you Add or Remove accounts using the Online Accounts manager you will be adding or removing those accounts to or From all the applications that they integrate with not just Empathy 64 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Ubuntu Software Center Gwibber Social Client Update your microblog and Follow your contacts statuses Sa ek Pr e Fy 323 ratings Installed Remove Gwibber i
114. for the project Click the Save button and your unfinished project is saved When saving a project you are only saving the parameters of the project you ve burned nothing to the disc at this time Burning the disc gt When you click the Burn button you will see the Properties of dow You can specify the burning speed in the Burning speed drop down It is best to choose the highest speed To burn your project directly to the disc select the Burn the image directly without saving it to disc option With this option selected no image file is created and no files are saved to the hard disk All data is saved to the blank cp or pvp The Simulate before burning option is useful if you encounter problems burning discs Selecting this option allows you to simulate the disc burning process without actually writing data to a disc a wasteful process if your computer isn t writing data correctly If the simulation is successful Brasero will burn the disc after a ten second pause During those ten seconds you have the option to cancel the burning process win Blanking a disk If you are using a disc that has rw written on it and you have used it before then you can erase it so that it can be reused Erasing a disc simply deletes all of the data currently on the disc To erase a disc open the Tools menu then select Blank The Disc Blanking window will be open In the Select a disc drop down choose the disc th
115. g accounts Figure 3 15 You should see a window like this Offline the first time you open Empathy You need to setup an account to see contacts here Account settings Adding accounts You must have existing chat accounts to that are compatible with Empathy If you do not have an existing account you will need to create one before continu ing ou can add accounts to be used with empa clicking the Accoun Be aware that when you Add or Remove Yi dd ts to b d with empathy by clicking the A t hat wh dd Settings button as shown in figure 3 15 or you can use the menu bar to accounts using the O line Accountsmanager r ns y you will be adding or removing those accounts navigate to Empathy Accounts You should see a dialog similar to that in ko or from all the applications that they figure 3 16 This is the Online Accounts manager integrate with not just Empathy 60 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Online Accounts gs Online Accounts iv Twitter Show accounts that integrate with Empathy z Add account Ei Facebook Q Google includes Gmail Google Docs Google YouTube and Picasa windows Live ee el Salut Jabber Yahoo a AIM Legal notice Click Add account on the left hand side of the window if it is not already selected At the top of the window where it says Show accounts that integrate with select Empathy from the drop down menu Now click on the name of the chat service with
116. ght to col lect royalties whether individually or in the event that the Licen sor is amember of a collecting society that administers voluntary licensing schemes via that society from any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats Subject to Section 8 f all rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved 4 Restrictions The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions a You may Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work only under the terms of this License You must include a copy of or the Uniform Resource Identifier URI for this License with every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that restrict the terms of this License or the ability of the recipient of the Work to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License You may not sublicense the Work You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work 130 b GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 You Distribute or Publicly Perform When You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work You may
117. gure 3 42 Clicking Download file will initiate a file download through your browser If you make changes to the file or want to add a new file to your personal cloud simply click the Upload file button in the upper portion of the page This will upload the file into the current folder and overwrite any old ver sions of the file Once you have uploaded the file it will be available in your personal cloud and will sync to your Ubuntu machine s local file system Making Files Public You can make a file public on the web by clicking More and choosing the Publish file button this is also shown in figure 3 42 After clicking the Publish file button the Web v1 will generate a Public URL you can share this URL with anyone By directing a browser to the Public urt of the file the browser will begin to download the file or display it depending on what type of file it is You can make the file private again at any time by clicking the Stop publishing button located to the left of the Public ur After you click the Stop publishing button the Public urt field will go away and the urt will stop working If someone tries to use a Public urz for a file that has been made private they will receive an error message and the file will not be downloaded or displayed The Ubuntu One Contol Panel lists all of your public files in one place under the Share links tab This is a convenient way to keep tabs on which 84 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 U
118. h and type thunderbird into the search box Once Thunderbird opens you will be greeted by a pop up box prompting you to setup your email account Figure 3 12 Setting up Thunderbird Your name John Doe Email address john doe org Password ssssssesee Remember password Get a new account Cancel Continue Before a valid email account is set up in Thunderbird the first screen to appear will be an introductory message from Mozilla inviting you to set up an email account through a local service provider in your area For the purposes of these instructions we will assume you already have an email address so you can click on the button in the lower right corner of the screen that says Skip this and use my existing email On the next screen titled Mail account setup enter your name in the first text box your email address in the second text box for example user name domain com and your email password in the third text box Once completed click the continue button Thunderbird will auto matically set up your email account for you When Thunderbird finishes detecting your email settings click create account and Thunderbird will do the rest You can also set Thunderbird as your default news and Rss reader by checking the boxes in the pop up box that appear after you click create your account If you don t want to see this message box every time you start Thunderbird simply deselect Always perform this check when starting Thun
119. hange the existing sound theme from this section You can also change the alert sounds for different events Applications The Applications tab is for changing the volume for running applications This comes in handy if you have multiple audio applications running for example if you have Rhythmbox Totem Movie Player and a web based video playing at the same time In this situation you will be able to increase decrease mute unmute volume for each application from this tab More functionality The icon can control various aspects of the system application volume and music players like Rhythmbox Banshee Clementine and Spotify The volume indicator icon can now be easily referred to as the sound menu given the diverse functionality of the icon Media controls available include play pause previous track and next track You can also switch between different playlists from the Choose Playlist option There is also a seek bar which you can manually drag to skip some portions of any song If the current playing song has album art it will show up beside the name of the current track otherwise you will see only the details of the song It displays the track name the artist name and the album name of the current track Using a webcam Webcams often come built into laptops and netbooks Some desktops such as Apple iMacs have webcams built into their displays If you purchase a webcam because your computer doesn t have its own it will most l
120. hat transmits the broadcast Work means the literary and or artistic work offered under the terms of this License including without limitation any production in the literary scientific and artistic domain whatever may be the mode or form of its expression including digital form such as a book pamphlet and other writing a lecture address sermon or other work of the same nature a dramatic or dramatico musical work a choreo graphic work or entertainment in dumb show a musical composition with or without words a cinematographic work to which are assim ilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography a work of drawing painting architecture sculpture engraving or lithography a photographic work to which are assimilated works ex pressed by a process analogous to photography a work of applied art an illustration map plan sketch or three dimensional work relative to geography topography architecture or science a performance a broadcast a phonogram a compilation of data to the extent it is pro tected as a copyrightable work or a work performed by a variety or circus performer to the extent it is not otherwise considered a literary or artistic work You means an individual or entity exercising rights under this Li cense who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License desp
121. have and tell you how you can get involved in the worldwide community of Ubuntu users But first we ll discuss the technologies that make Ubuntu a powerful collection of software Open source software Ubuntu is open source software Open source software differs from pro prietary software software whose source code is not freely available for modification or distribution by anyone but the rightsholder Microsoft The source code of a program is the collection Windows and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software of files that have been written in a computer r r 4 language to make the program Unlike proprietary software applications the software included with Ubuntu is specifically licensed to promote sharing and collaboration The legal rules governing Ubuntu s production and distribution ensure that anyone can obtain run or share it for any purpose she or he wishes Computer users can modify open source software like Ubuntu to suit their individual needs to share it to improve it or to translate it into other languages provided they release the source code for these mod ifications so others can do the same In fact the terms of many open source licensing agreements actually make it illegal not to do so For more information regarding Ubuntu s software licensing standards see http www ubuntu com project about ubuntu licensing Because open source software is developed by large communities of programmers dis
122. hese are known as hyperlinks A hyperlink can let you move to another page download a document change the content of the page and more To select a link 1 Move the mouse pointer until it changes to a pointing finger This hap pens whenever the pointer is over a link Most links are underlined text but buttons and pictures on a web page can also be links 2 Click the link once While Firefox locates the link s page status mes sages will appear at the bottom of the window Retracing your steps If you want to visit a page you have viewed before there are several ways To go backwards and forwards you can also use to do so Alt Left and Alt Right respectively gt To go back or forward one page press the Back or Forward button by the left side of the Location Bar gt To go back or forward more than one page click and hold on the re spective button You will see a list of pages you have recently visited To return to a page select it from the list gt To see a list of any URLs you have entered into the Location Bar press the down arrow at the right end of the Location Bar Choose a page from the list gt To choose from pages you have visited during the current session open the History menu and choose from the list in the lower section of the menu gt To choose from pages you have visited over the past few months open the History Show All History or press Ctr1 Shift h Firefox opens a Library window
123. how the tab s new location Moving a tab between windows You can move a tab into a new Firefox window or if one is already open into a different Firefox window Drag a tab away from the tab bar and it will open into a new window Drag it from the tab bar into the tab bar of another open Firefox window and it will move there instead Searching You can search the web from within Firefox without first visiting the home page of the search engine By default Firefox will search the web using the Google search engine Searching the web To search the web in Firefox type a few words into the Firefox search Bar For example if you want to find information about the Ubuntu 1 Move your cursor to the Search Bar using your mouse or press Ctr1 K 2 Type the phrase Ubuntu Your typing replaces any text currently in the Search Bar 50 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 3 Press the magnifying glass or Enter to search Search results from Google for Ubuntu will appear in the Firefox win dow Selecting search engines If you do not want to use Google as your search engine in the Search Bar you can change the search engine that Firefox uses To change your preferred search engine press the search logo at the left of your Search Bar Google by default and choose the search engine of your choice Some search engines such as Bing Google and Yahoo search the whole web others such as Amazon and Wikipedia search only spe
124. ic adaptations or any other form in which the Work may be recast transformed or adapted including in any form recog nizably derived from the original except that a work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License For the avoidance of doubt where the Work is a musical work performance or phonogram the synchronization of the Work in timed relation with a moving image synching will be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License b Collection means a collection of literary or artistic works such as encyclopedias and anthologies or performances phonograms or broadcasts or other works or subject matter other than works listed in Section 1 f below which by reason of the selection and arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations in which the Work is included in its entirety in unmodified form along with one or more other contributions each constituting separate and independent works in themselves which together are assembled into a collective whole A work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation as defined below for the purposes of this License c Creative Commons Compatible License means a license that is listed at http creativecommons org compatiblelicenses that has been approved by Creative Commons as being essentially equivalent to this License including at a minimum because that license i co
125. idden wireless network In some environments you may need to connect to a hidden wireless net work These hidden networks do not broadcast their names and therefore their names will not appear in the list of available wireless networks even if they are in range In order to connect to a hidden wireless network you will need to get its name and security details from your network adminis trator or ISP To connect to a hidden wireless network 1 Click on NetworkManager in the top panel 2 Select Connect to a hidden wireless network Ubuntu will then open the Connect to Hidden Wireless Network window 3 In the Network name field enter the name of the network This is also known as the ssrp Service Set Identifier You must enter the name ex actly how it was given to you For example if the name is Ubuntu Wireless entering ubuntu wireless will not work as the U and W are both uppercase in the correct name 4 Inthe Wireless security field select one of the options If the network is an open network leave the field set to None If you do not know the correct setting for the field you will not be able to connect to the hidden network 5 Click the Connect button If the network is secure you will be prompted for the password Provided you have entered all of the details correctly the network should then connect and you will receive an on screen notification informing you that the connection was
126. ikely have a usB connection To use a UsB webcam plug it into any empty USB port of your desktop Almost all new webcams are detected by Ubuntu automatically You can configure webcams for individual applications such as Skype and Empathy from the application s setup menu For webcams which do not work right away with Ubuntu visit https wikiubuntu com Webcam for help Scanning text and images Scanning a document or an image is very simple in Ubuntu Scanning is handled by the application Simple Scan Most of the time Ubuntu will simply detect your scanner and you should just be able to use it To scan a document follow these steps 1 Place what you want to scan on the scanner 2 Click to open the Dash and enter scan HARDWARE 93 You should note that by default in any Ubuntu installation the input sound is muted You will have to manually unmute to enable your microphone to record sound or use it during audio video calls By default the volume in Ubuntu is set to maximum during installation You can add new sound themes by installing them from Software Center e g Ubuntu Studio s GNOME audio theme You will get the installed sound themes from the drop down menu You can also enable window and button sounds The Ubuntu Design Team have made a few changes to the volume icon post Ubuntu 11 10 You can start and control the default music player Rhythmbox by simply left clicking on the sound menu and selecting Rhy
127. in install Ubuntu Tweak is an application which makes configuring Ubuntu easier for everyone It allows tweaking of many useful desktop and system configuration options which are unavailable via native system tools Developer Web Site Version ubuntu tweak 0 7 3 1 precise1 Total size 3 6 MB when installed License Unknown Updates and upgrades Ubuntu also allows you to decide how to manage package updates through the Updates tab in the Software Sources window Ubuntu updates In this section you are able to specify the kinds of updates you wish to install on your system and usually depends on your preferences around stability versus having access to the latest developments Figure 5 12 You can update installed software by using the Software Updater application in Ubuntu Software Updater Updated software is available for this computer Do you want to install it now v Details of updates v Distribution updates Export GTK menus over DBus appmenu gtk Size 14 kB Export GTK menus over DBus appmenu gtk3 Size 13 kB simple interprocess messaging system daemon and utilities a dbus Size 369 kB simple interprocess messaging system x11 deps dbus x11 Size 22 kB gt Technical description 72 0 MBwill be downloaded Settings Remind Me Later Install Now Important security updates These updates are highly recommended to ensure your system remains as secure as possible These upd
128. ind that some things are different from what you are used to We also suggest taking the following into account Ubuntu is community based That is Ubuntu is developed written and maintained by the community Because of this support is probably not available at your local computer store Fortunately the Ubuntu community is here to help There are many articles guides and manuals available as well as users on various Internet forums and Internet Relay Chat 1Rc rooms that are willing to assist beginners Additionally near the end of this guide we include a troubleshooting chapter Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Many applications designed for Microsoft Windows or Mac os x will not run on Ubuntu For the vast majority of everyday computing tasks you will find suitable alternative applications available in Ubuntu However many professional applications such as the Adobe Creative Suite are not developed to work with Ubuntu If you rely on commercial software that is not compatible with Ubuntu yet still want to give Ubuntu a try you may want to consider dual booting Alternatively some applications developed for Windows will work in Ubuntu with a program called Wine For more information on Wine go to http www winehq org Many commercial games will not run on Ubuntu If you are a heavy gamer then Ubuntu may not be for you Game developers usually design games for the largest market Since Ubuntu s market share is not as substantial as
129. inter enter the 1p address of the printer in the box that reads Host and press the Find button Ubuntu will find the printer and add it Most printers are detected by Ubuntu automatically If Ubuntu cannot detect the printer automatically it will ask you to enter the make and model number of the printer Changing printer options Printer options allow you to change the printing quality paper size and media type They can be changed by right clicking a printer and choosing Properties The Printer Properties window will show in the left pane select Printer Options You can now specify settings by changing the drop down entries Some of the options that you might see are explained Media size This is the size of the paper that you put into your printer tray HARDWARE 91 IF your printer can automatically do double sided printing it will probably have a duplexer Please refer to the instructions that came with the printer if you are unsure IF you do have a duplexer make sure the Duplexer Installed option is checked and then click the Forward button The default printer is the one that is automat ically selected when you print a file To set a printer as default right click the printer that you want to set as default and then click Set As Default 92 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Media source This is the tray that the paper comes from Color Model This is very useful if you want to print in Grayscale to
130. is easy too Go to the Online Accounts manager window and select the account to be removed Click the Remove account button to remove the account Using Gwibber to follow streams Gwibber displays feeds from each service provider as streams You can list them in either ascending or descending order by selecting View Sort You can separate the feeds as messages replies and private messages In addition the attachments from the feed are sorted as images links and videos Click the image link or video to take you to the website in a new tab in your default browser Images can be previewed within Gwibber Gwibber B gmge oa Im Links Pallab Ghosh livejump stratos team say they are eager to pic twitter com bUkb1Mdy vHide i Jonathan Amos l Col Joe Kittinger has arrived to brief the media ahead of Tuesday s livejump Is he about to la his record pic twitter com 8vdR89Sy Notifications You can customize how feeds display in the notification bubble and the fre quency with which Gwibber refreshes in the preferences Edit Preferences ty o BBC News World Replying Liking and Retweeting Each post can be liked retweeted or replied to from within Gwibber s window by clicking on the feed s icon at the top right of each post This displays a menu of the actions available for that feed Figure 3 25 shows the menu for the Twitter feed WORKING WITH UBUNTU 65 You can add more than one
131. ite a previous violation Publicly Perform means to perform public recitations of the Work and to communicate to the public those public recitations by any means or process including by wire or wireless means or public digital performances to make available to the public Works in such a way that members of the public may access these Works from a place and at a place individually chosen by them to perform the Work to the public by any means or process and the communication to the public of the performances of the Work including by public digital performance to broadcast and rebroadcast the Work by any means including signs sounds or images Reproduce means to make copies of the Work by any means includ ing without limitation by sound or visual recordings and the right of fixation and reproducing fixations of the Work including storage of a protected performance or phonogram in digital form or other electronic medium LICENSE 129 2 Fair Dealing Rights Nothing in this License is intended to reduce limit or restrict any uses free from copyright or rights arising from limitations or exceptions that are provided for in connection with the copyright protection under copyright law or other applicable laws 3 License Grant Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Licen sor hereby grants You a worldwide royalty free non exclusive perpet ual for the duration of the applicable copyright license to exercise the
132. itories used to host the latest lled ll all soft k h versions of software packages digital projects are called PPAs PPAs allow you to install software packages that are not and other applications available in the official repositories and automatically be notified whenever updates for these packages are available 104 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 If you know the web address of a ppa s Launchpad site adding it to your list of software sources is relatively simple To do so you will need to use the Other Software tab in the Software Sources window On the Launchpad site for a PPA you will see a heading to the left called Adding this PPA to your system Underneath will be a short paragraph containing a unique URL in the form of ppa test ppa example Highlight this URL by selecting it with your mouse then right click and select Copy Ubuntu Tweak Stable PPA Ding Zhou Mozilla Firefox lp Ubuntu Tweak Stable PPA Din C O a launchpad net Ne Q A i Log in Register Ding Zhou CE code Bugs Blueprints Translations Answers Ubuntu Tweak Stable PPA View package details Ding Zhou Ubuntu Tweak Stable PPA Latest updates PPA description ubuntu tweak 2 daysago The official Ubuntu Tweak stable repository Scany bak ubuntu tweak 2 days 290 Successfully built ubuntu tweak 8 weeks ago Adding this PPA to your system PPA statistics Successfully built You can update your system with unsupported packages
133. k English Dvorak alternative internation English Dvorak international with dea English Dvorak English Macintosh English US alternative international English US international with dead key English US with euro on 5 English classic Dvorak Enalish international AltGr dead kevs Back Continue Who are you Ubuntu needs to know some information about you so it can set up the primary user account on your computer When configured your name will appear on the login screen as well as the user menu which we discuss in Chapter 2 The Ubuntu Desktop On this screen you will need to tell Ubuntu v v v v v your name what you want to call your computer your desired username your desired password how you want Ubuntu to log you in Install Who are you Your name John Doe Your computer s name john PC 4 The name it uses when it talks to other computers Pick a username john Choose a password Confirm your password 00000000 Login automatically Require my password to login Encrypt my home folder Enter your full name under Your name The next text field is the name your computer uses for terminals and networks You can change this to what you want or keep the predetermined name Next is your username the name that is used for the user menu your home folder and behind the scenes You will see this is automatically filled in for you with your first
134. l occasionally send to Canonical a list of software current The per application based recommendations do not require log in They are labeled as People Also Installed These are the applications installed by users who also installed the application which you are about to install These recommendations are shown in the detailed page of the particular application EE Figure 5 7 The People Also Installed section om FERES amp PSIA a preia Fa aaa shows applications installed by users who also keke e dete tears 69 D ket Kk KI e installed the application which you are about to Free Free Fr Free i install Managing additional software Although the Ubuntu Software Center provides a large library of appli cations from which to choose only those packages available within the official Ubuntu repositories are listed At times you may be interested in a particular application not available in these repositories If this happens it is important to understand some alternative methods for accessing and installing software in Ubuntu such as downloading an installation file man ually from the Internet or adding extra repositories First we will look at how to manage your repositories through Software Sources 102 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Software Sources The Ubuntu Software Center lists only those applications that are available in your enabled repositories Repositories can be added or removed through
135. last u which is ect all of humanity Ubuntu is more than just an operating system it is pronounced thesameras Inthe word due a community of people coming together voluntarily to collaborate on an international software project that aims to deliver the best possible user experience 6 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 The Ubuntu Promise gt Ubuntu will always be free of charge along with its regular enterprise releases and security updates gt Ubuntu comes with full commercial support from Canonical and hun dreds of companies from across the world gt Ubuntu provides the best translations and accessibility features that the free software community has to offer gt Ubuntu s core applications are all free and open source We want you to use free and open source software improve it and pass it on A brief history of Ubuntu Ubuntu was conceived in 2004 by Mark Shuttleworth a successful South African entrepreneur and his company Canonical Shuttleworth recognized Canonical is the company that provides financial the power of Linux and open source but was also aware of weaknesses that and technical support for Ubuntu It has d employees based around the world who work prevente mainstream use on developing and improving the operating Shuttleworth set out with clear intentions to address these weaknesses system as well as reviewing work submitted by and create a system that was easy to use completely free see Chapter 8 vol
136. lations and deletions organized by date Find your application The Ubuntu Software Center displays different sources in the Get Soft ware section Clicking the arrow next to All Software will show a list of individual sections Selecting Provided by Ubuntu will show free official software For Purchase will show software for purchasing and Canonical Partners will show software from partners of Canonical such as Adobe If you are looking for an application you may already know its specific name for example vic Media Player or you may just have a general category in mind for example the Sound and Video category includes a number of different software applications such as video converters audio editors and music players To help you find the right application you can browse the Software Center catalog by clicking on the category reflecting the type of software you seekr or use the search field in the top right corner of the window to look for specific names or keywords When you select a category you will be shown a list of applications Some categories have sub categories for example the Games category has subcategories for Simulation and Card Games To move through categories use the back and forward buttons at the top of the window Installing software Once you have found an application you would like to try installing it is just one click away To install software Figure 5 2 You can i
137. lications and files based on your search terms The Dash allows you to search for information both locally installed applications recent files bookmarks etc as well as remotely Twitter Google Docs etc This is accomplished by utilizing one or more lenses each responsible for providing a category of search results for the Dash For more information about the Dash and its lenses see https wiki ubuntu com Unity There are many sites now on the Internet dedicated to creating and releasing lenses for the Ubuntu Unity desktop Some sites even teach you how to make your own lenses and maximize the efficencies of the Ubuntu Unity interface Figure 2 5 The Dash Find files folder Dash can help you find the names of files or folders Simply type in what you remember of the name of the file or folder and as you type results will appear in the Dash The Files lens can also assist you in finding files or folders The Files lens shows you the most recent files accessed as well as recent downloads You can use the filter results button in the top right corner of the Dash to filter results to your requirements by file or folder modification times by file type odt pdf doc tex etc or by size Find applications The standard Ubuntu installation comes with many applications Users can also download thousands more applications from the Ubuntu Software Center As you collect an arsenal of awesome applications and get a
138. lick on the icon in order to select the window you want Moving a window to different workspace To move a window to a different workspace make sure the window isn t maximized If it is maximized click on the right most button on the left side of the titlebar to restore it to its original size Then right click on the window s titlebar and select gt Move to Workspace Left to move the window to the left workspace gt Move to Workspace Right to move the window to the right workspace Move to Another Workspace and then choose the workspace you wish to move the window to Window always on the top or on visible workspace At times you may want to have a window always on top so that it can be seen or monitored while you work with other applications For exam ple you may want to browse the web and at the same time view and answer to any incoming instant message To keep a window on top right click on the window s titlebar then select Always On Top Note that this window will be on the top of all windows that are opened in the current workspace If you want to have a window always on the top regardless of the workspace right click on the window s titlebar then select Always on Visible Workspace This window will now be on top of all other windows across all workspaces THE UBUNTU DESKTOP 27 You can also move a window by holding the Alt key and dragging the window Workspace Switcher Figure 2 8 The workspace s
139. lick these tabs to switch between them to click and drag files or folders between tabs the same as you would between windows You can also open a second pane in Nautilus so you can see two locations at once without having to switch between tabs or windows To open a second pane click View Extra Pane or press F3 on your keyboard Again dragging files and folders between panes is a quick way to move or copy items Searching for files and folders on your computer You can search for files and folders using the Dash or Nautilus Search using the Dash In the Dash simply type your search terms in the search bar at the top of the Dash Alternatively you may use the Search for Files and folders lens here you can use a filter to narrow down your search Open the drop down menu on the right side of the search bar Select Last modified Type e g You can also use the keyboard shortcuts Ctrl X Ctrl C and Ctrl V to cut copy and paste respectively Files and folders When you cut or copy a file or Folder nothing will happen until you paste it somewhere Paste will only affect the most recent item that was cut or copied In the Nautilus Edit menu you will also find the Copy To and Move To buttons These can be used to copy or move items to common locations and can be useful if you are using panes see below Note that it is unnecessary to use Paste when using these options IF you click on a File or folder drag
140. ll be discussed in detail at Chapter 5 Software Management IF you are new to the world of Ubuntu be sure to read the Chapter 3 Working with Ubuntu It will provide you help in choosing the application s that suit your needs Figure 2 6 You can see the default results when you press Application lens and also the criteria on the right side 26 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 switch provided in the privacy section of the System Settings to disable all online search results A The online search results within the Dash are turned on by default during in stallation If you do not want external search results go to System Settings Privacy Search Results and switch off the include online search results switch Workspaces Workspaces are also known as virtual desktops These separate views of your desktop allow you to group applications together and by doing so help to reduce clutter and improve desktop navigation For example in one workspace you can open all of your media applications your office suite in another and your web browser open in a third workspace Ubuntu has four workspaces by default Switching between workspaces To switch between workspaces click on the workspace switcher located on the Launcher This utility allows you to toggle through the workspaces whether they contain open applications or not and choose the one you want to use Managing windows When opening a program in Ubuntu s
141. ll see a new window prompting you to launch an application Select Shotwell in the drop down menu then click OK Your camera will be listed in the Shotwell sidebar Select your camera in the sidebar You will see a preview of the camera s contents Select individual photos by pressing and holding Ctrl and clicking on each photo you want to import and then click Import Selected on the bottom bar of the window Or you can choose to import all photos by clicking Import All From your computer You can import photos into Shotwell by dragging photos from your file browser into the Shotwell window Alternatively you can click File Import From Folder select the folder containing the photos you want to import From external hard drive uss flash drive or cbD pbvD Importing photos from external storage is similar to importing from your computer Your external storage device may also appear under the Camera label on the Shotwell sidebar Follow the instructions for importing from a camera or computer Choosing where Shotwell saves photos The default location for the Shotwell Library is your Pictures folder in your home directory When importing pictures using the Import window you will be given the option to copy the files to your Library or keep the files in place If you have your photos stored on your computer the option Import in Place will be suitable This will prevent photos from being duplicated If you are importing photos from
142. llowed by an asterisk can be downloaded Ubuntu Software Center by the category that directly from their official websites poe Office Suites gt Windows Microsoft Office LibreOffice gt Mac os x iWork Microsoft Office LibreOffice gt Linux LibreOffice KOffice Gnome Office Kexi database application In Ubuntu you may choose among many office suites The most popular suite is the LibreOffice formerly OpenOffice Included in the suite gt Writer word processor gt Calc spreadsheet gt Impress presentation manager gt Draw drawing program gt Base database gt Math equation editor LibreOffice Suite is installed by default Note that Base is not installed by default and it can be installed through Ubuntu Software Center Email Applications gt Windows Microsoft Outlook Mozilla Thunderbird Mac os x Mail app Microsoft Outlook Mozilla Thunderbird gt Linux Mozilla Thunderbird Evolution KMail As with office suites there are multiple options for email applications One very popular email application is Mozilla Thunderbird which is also available for Windows Thunderbird is the default email application in Ubuntu Another option is Evolution similar to Microsoft Outlook it also provides a calendar Web Browsers gt Windows Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Opera Chromium Google Chrome gt Mac os x Safari Mozilla Firefox Opera Chromium Google Chrome gt
143. lter your emails from time to time this is easily Remote content represent parts of an email done with Thunderbird When you have an email selected and you want S NEE S to tag the email simply click the tag button and a drop down list will be H is graphics or HTML content For security displayed In this drop down list you have the options to Remove All Tags purposes Thunderbird will as you if you wish to or Mark as Important Work Personal To Do Later You can also create view this remote content a new tag more suited to your own personal requirements Composing and Replying to Messages To compose a new email message click the write button in the top left of the workspace This will bring up a new window where you can compose your new email In the To field enter the email address of the destination the contact to whom you are sending this email If there is more than one contact to whom you are writing separate multiple recipients with commas 58 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 If a contact that you are addressing is in your address book you can address them by name Start typing the name of the contact Thunderbird will dis play the list of mailing contacts below your text Once you see the contact you intend to address click on their email address or use the down arrow key and then press Enter to select the address If you would like to carbon copy Cc some contacts click the To field and select Cce Contacts who are
144. ly able to detect any wireless network in range of your computer To see a list of wireless networks click on the NetworkMan ager icon Under the Wireless Networks heading you should see a list of available wireless networks Each network will be shown by its name and a signal meter to the left showing its relative signal strength The signal meter looks like a set of bars similar to what is seen when viewing signal strength of a cell phone Simply put the more bars the stronger the signal A wireless network can be open to anyone or it can be protected with a password A small padlock will be displayed by the signal bar if any wireless network within range are password protected You will need to know the correct password in order to connect to these secured wireless networks To connect to a wireless network select the desired network by clicking on its name within the list This will be the name that was used during the installation of the wireless router or access point Most Isps Internet service providers provide pre configured routers with a sticker on them detailing the current wireless network name and password Most publicly accessible wireless networks will be easily identifiable by the name used for the wireless network for example Starbucks Wireless If the network is unprotected i e the signal meter does not show a pad lock a connection should be established within a few seconds and with out a password requi
145. ly and the following provisions I You must include a copy of or the URI for the Applicable License with every copy of each Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform II You may not offer or impose any terms on the Adaptation that restrict the terms of the Applicable License or the ability of the recipient of the Adaptation to exercise the rights granted to that recipient un der the terms of the Applicable License III You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the Adapta tion You Distribute or Publicly Perform IV when You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation You may not impose any effective technological measures on the Adaptation that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Adaptation from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the Applicable License This Section 4 b applies to the Adaptation as incorporated in a Collection but this does not require the Collection apart from the Adaptation itself to be made subject to the terms of the Applicable License If You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work or any Adaptations or Collections You must unless a request has been made pursuant to Section 4 a keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing i the name of the Original Author or pseudonym if applicable if
146. ly established a wireless connection Ubuntu will store these settings including the password to make it easier to con nect to this same wireless network in the future You may also be prompted to select a keyring password here The keyring stores passwords in one place so you can access them all in the future by remembering just the keyring password Connecting to a saved wireless network Ubuntu will automatically try to connect to a wireless network in range if it has the settings saved This works on both open and secure wireless networks If you have numerous wireless networks in range that are saved on your computer Ubuntu may choose to connect to one network while you may want to connect to another network To remedy this action click on the NetworkManager icon A list of wireless networks will appear along with their signal meters Simply click on the network to which you wish to connect and Ubuntu will disconnect from the current network and attempt to connect to the one you have selected If the network is secure and Ubuntu has the details for this network saved Ubuntu will automatically connect If the details for this network connection are not saved are incorrect or have changed then you will be prompted to enter the network password again If the network is open no 44 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 password required all of this will happen automatically and the connection will be established Connecting to a h
147. m you will not get the first jase ial v dividi hardidii int option The upgrade option is only available if create a partition you are essentially dividing up your hard drive into sec you are upgrading From a previous version of tions that will be used for different types of information Partitioning can Ubuntu sometimes seem complex to a new user however it does not have to be In fact Ubuntu provides you with some options that greatly simplify this pro cess The Ubuntu installer will automatically detect any existing operating system installed on your machine and present installation options suitable for your system The options listed below depend on your specific system and may not all be available gt Install alongside other operating systems gt Install inside Windows gt Upgrade Ubuntu to 12 10 gt Erase and install Ubuntu gt Something else Install alongside other operating systems If you are a Windows or Mac user and you are trying to install Ubuntu for the first time select the Install alongside other operating systems option This option will enable you to choose which operating system you wish to use when you computer starts Ubuntu will automatically detect the other operating system and install Ubuntu alongside it For more complicated dual booting setups you will need to configure the parti tions manually Install Installation type This computer currently has no detected operating syst
148. m to use You can restore GRUB and regain the ability to choose your operating system by following the steps below using the same DvD you used to install Ubuntu First insert your Ubuntu pvp into your computer and then restart the computer making sure to instruct your computer to boot from the pvp drive and not the hard drive see Chapter 1 Installation Next choose your language e g English and select Try Ubuntu Once Ubuntu starts click on the top most icon in the Launcher the Dash icon Then search for Terminal using the search box Then select Terminal in the search results A window should open with a blinking prompt line Enter the following and press the Enter key sudo fdisk l Disk dev hda 120 0 GB 120034123776 bytes 255 heads 63 sectors track 14593 cylinders Units cylinders of 16065 512 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System dev sdal 1 1224 64228 83 Linux 116 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 dev sda2 1225 2440 9767520 a5 Windows dev sda3 2441 14593 97618972 5 Extended dev sda4 14532 14593 498015 82 Linux swap Partition table entries are not in disk order This output shows that your system Linux on which Ubuntu is based is installed on device dev sdal but as indicated by the asterisk in the Boot column your computer is booting to dev sda2 where Windows is located We need to fix this by telling the computer to boot to the Linux device instead To do this create a
149. ma tion for the account Once you have made your changes click Done Removing an account To remove an account select the account on the left hand side of the win dow and click on the Remove account button The Online Accounts man ager should open the Are you sure you wish to remove this Ubuntu Web Account window Click on the Remove button to confirm that you want to remove the account or click Cancel to keep the account Editing contacts Adding a contact To add a contact open the Chat menu then select Add contact Empathy should open the New Contact window In the Account drop down list choose the account you want to add contact information When creating a contact you must select the service that matches the service your contact is using For example if your contact s address ends in googlemail com then you will need to add it to an account that ends in googlemail com Likewise if the contact s email ends in hotmail com then you will need to add it to an account ending in hotmail com After choosing the account you wish to add the contact to enter their login 1p their username their screen name or their email address in the Identifier text field Next in the Alias text field enter the name you want to see in your contact list Click Add to add the contact to your list of contacts Removing a contact Click on the contact that you want to remove then on the Unity bar at the top o
150. manipulate images compose music and edit video While users can install these applications on computers running the desktop version of Ubuntu Ubuntu Studio makes them all available immediately upon installa tion If you would like to learn more about Ubuntu Studio or obtain a copy for yourself visit http ubuntustudio org home Mythbuntu Mythbuntu allows users to turn their computers into entertainment sys tems It helps users organize and view various types of multimedia content such as movies television shows and video podcasts Users with Tv tuners in their computers can also use Mythbuntu to record live video and televi sion shows To learn more about Mythbuntu visit http www mythbuntu org Finding additional help and support This guide cannot possibly contain everything you ll ever need to know about Ubuntu We encourage you to take advantage of Ubuntu s vast com 124 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 munity when seeking further information troubleshooting technical issues or asking questions about your computer Next we ll discuss a few of these resources so you can learn more about Ubuntu or other Linux distributions Live chat If you are familiar with Internet relay chat 1Rc you can use chat clients such as XChat or Pidgin to join the channel ubuntu on irc freenode net Here hundreds of volunteer users can answer your questions or offer sup port in real time To learn more about using Internet R
151. me Page with a pipe separating pages to be opened in separate tabs The Downloads window shows the progress of currently downloading files and lists Files downloaded in the past It can be used to open or re download files WORKING WITH UBUNTU 53 gt From the top bar choose Bookmarks Bookmark This Page or press Ctrl D A window opens allowing you to provide a descriptive name for the bookmark and a location within the browser s bookmarks to save it Press Done to save gt Press the star on the right hand side in the Location Bar It turns yellow This saves the page in the Unsorted Bookmarks folder Navigating to a bookmarked page To navigate to a bookmarked page open the Bookmarks menu from the top bar and choose your bookmark Firefox opens the bookmark in the current tab You can reveal the bookmarks including the Unsorted Bookmarks in a sidebar on the left of the browser window Select View Sidebar Bookmarks or press Ctrl B Repeat or press the close button at its top to hide the sidebar Deleting or editing a bookmark To delete or edit a bookmark do one of the following gt If you are viewing the page already the star in the Location Bar will be yellow Press it Firefox opens a small pop up window where you can either Remove Bookmark or edit the bookmark gt Select Bookmarks Show All Bookmarks or press Shift Ctr1 0 In the window that opens you can navigate to bookmarks Sel
152. me on your keyboard or press on the home icon in Firefox Navigating to another page To navigate to a new web page you need to enter its Internet address also URL stands for uniform resource locator which known as a URL into the Location Bar URLs normally begin with http tells the computer how to find something on foll db hatid ify thezada O 1 the Internet such as a document web page or ollowed by one or more names that identify the address One example an email address WWW stands for World Wide is http www ubuntu com Normally you can omit the http part Web which means the web pages by which Firefox will fill it in for you most people interact with the Internet WORKING WITH UBUNTU 47 ubuntu com wr C ae ae Figure 3 7 You can enter a web address or search the Internet by typing in the location bar To navigate 1 Double click in the Location Bar or press Ctrl L to highlight the URL that is already there 2 Enter the urt of the page you want to visit The URL you type replaces any text already in the Location Bar 3 Press Enter If you don t know the uri that you need type a search term into the Search Bar to the right of the Location bar Your preferred search engine Google by default will return a list of websites for you to choose from You can also enter your query directly into the Location Bar Selecting a link Most web pages contain links that you can select T
153. n 40 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 A wired connection is when your computer connects to the Internet using an Ethernet cable This is usually connected to a wall socket or a networking device like a switch or a router A wireless connection is when your computer connects to the Internet using a wireless radio network usually known as Wi Fi Most routers now come with wireless capability as do most laptops and netbooks Because of this Wi Fi is the most common connection type for these types of devices Wireless connectivity makes laptops and netbooks more portable when moving to different rooms of a house and while traveling A dialup connection is when your computer uses a modem to connect to the Internet through a telephone line NetworkManager In order to connect to the Internet using Ubuntu you need to use the Net workManager utility NetworkManager allows you to turn network con nections on or off manage wired and wireless networks and make other network connections such as dial up mobile broadband and vrns You can access NetworkManager by using its icon found the top panel This icon may look different depending on your current connection state Clicking this icon will reveal a list of available network connections The current connection if any will have the word disconnect underneath it You can click on disconnect to manually disconnect from that network This menu also allows you to view technical
154. n if you use the Gwibber You must have administrative privileges to micro blogging application you can click the Share link below the install software and you will need to be aap ree connected to the Internet and to the Software description of an application to tell your friends about it Center To learn how to set up your Internet 2 After clicking Install enter your password into the authentication win connection see Getting online dow This is the same password you use to log in to your account You are required to enter your password whenever installing or removing software in order to prevent someone without administrator access from making unauthorized changes to your computer If you receive an Au thentication Failure message after typing in your password check that you typed it correctly and try again Ubuntu Software Center Figure 5 4 Here clicking on Install will download and install the package Stellarium Stellarium Planetarium HK KKK 294 rat Free Install Stellarium renders 3D photo realistic skies in real time With Stellarium you really see what you can see with your eyes binoculars or a small telescope Some features default star catalogue with over 600 thousand stars information about the brightest stars spectral type distance etc downloadable star catalogue extensions for up to 210 million stars all New General Catalogue NGC objects
155. n Software Sources You in which the application was written Source 7 A code is readable by humans but means nothing can download the DEB packages for some applications from their respective ba th computer Only when the source tode is project sites on the Internet Alternately you can build applications from compiled will the computer know what to do their source code see margin note with the source code Using only recognized sources such as a project s site PPA or various community repositories such as getdeb net is more secure than down loading applications from an arbitrary and perhaps less reputable source When using a third party source consider its trustworthiness and be sure you know exactly what you re installing on your computer Firewall A firewall is an application that protects your computer against unautho rized access by people on the Internet or your local network Firewalls block connections to your computer from unknown sources This helps prevent security breaches Uncomplicated Firewall uFw is the standard firewall configuration pro gram in Ubuntu It runs from the command line but a program called Gufw allows you to use it with a graphical user interface Gur See Chapter 5 Software Management to learn more about installing the Gufw package 114 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Once Gufw is installed start Gufw by clicking Dash gt Applications gt Firewall configuration To enable the fire
156. n older security setting still in use by some older wireless devices If your network uses this method of security you will need to enter a key in the Key field that will appear when this mode is selected WEP 128 bit Passphrase is the same older security as above However instead of having a key your network administrator should have provided you with a passphrase to connect to the network WPA amp WPA2 Personal is the most common security mode for wireless networking Once you select this mode you will need to enter a password in the Password field If your network administrator requires LEAP Dynamic WEP or WPA amp wpaz Enterprise then you will need to have the administrator help you with those modes In the rpv4 Settings tab you can change the Method field from Auto matic DHcP to Manual or one of the other methods For setting up manual settings also known as a static address please see the section above on manual setup for wired network connections When you finish making changes to the connection click Apply to save your changes and close the window You can click Cancel at any time to close the window without saving any changes Finally click Close on the Network Connections window to return to the desktop After clicking Apply any changes made to the network connection will take effect immediately Other connection methods There are other ways to get connected with Ubuntu 46 GETTING STAR
157. n to Ubuntu One you can configure your Ubuntu machine for Ubuntu One file syncing Configure your Ubuntu machine for file syncing The Ubuntu One desktop application syncs your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud with files on your local file system After logging into the Ubuntu One desktop application the following dialog figure 3 36 should appear allowing you to select which files to sync with your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud If you have already used your Ubuntu One account you may have more folders in this view figure 3 36 You can choose which Ubuntu One cloud folders you would like synced with your local file system If this is the first time you are using Ubuntu One just click the Next button You can also change your Ubuntu One sync connection settings at this time by clicking on the Check Settings button you can change things like the maximum upload and download rate or if notifications should be allowed Figure 3 34 Fill in all fields with your informa tion to sign up For an Ubuntu One account Figure 3 35 Enter the verification code into the field Sync is short For Synchronize implying that the contents of your Ubuntu One local file system and your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud will always be identical ubuntu one Install Sign in Select sync folders Sync stream share Syncing the cloud to your computer These are the folders in your cloud Select the ones you want to sync with this compute
158. n window gt Right click a link and select Open Link in New Window gt Press and hold the Shift key while clicking a link Tabbed browsing An alternative to opening new windows is to use Tabbed Browsing instead Tabbed browsing lets you open several web pages within a single Firefox window each independent of the other This frees space on your desktop as you do not have to open a separate window for each new web page You can open close and reload web pages in one place without having to switch to another window You can alternate quickly between different tabs by using the keyboard shortcut Ctr1 Tab Opening a new blank tab There are three ways to create a new blank tab gt Click on the Open new tab button a green plus sign on the right side of the last tab gt On the top bar open File New Tab gt Press Ctrl T When you create a new tab it contains a blank page with the Location Bar focused Type a web address URL or other search term to open a web site in the new tab Opening a link in its own tab Sometimes you may want to click a link to navigate to another web page but do not want the original to close To do this you can open the link in its own tab There are several ways to open a link in its own tab Anew tab is independent of other tabs in the same way that new windows are independent of other windows You can even mix and match for example one window may contain tabs For your emails
159. ncrypt a user s home folder See Chapter 1 Installation for more on encrypting the home folder Private folder If you have not chosen to encrypt a user s entire home folder it is possible to encrypt a single folder called Private in a user s home folder To do this follow these steps 1 Install the ecryptfs utils software package from the Ubuntu Software Center For more information about the Software Center review Using the Ubuntu Software Center 2 Use the terminal to run ecryptfs setup private to set up the private folder 3 Enter your account s password when prompted 4 Either choose a mount passphrase or generate one 5 Record both passphrases in a safe location These are required if you ever have to recover your data manually 6 Log out and log back in to mount the encrypted folder After the Private folder has been set up any files or folders in it will automatically be encrypted If you need to recover your encrypted files manually see https help ubuntu com community EncryptedPrivateDirectory 7 Troubleshooting Resolving problems Sometimes things may not work as they should Luckily problems encoun tered while working with Ubuntu are often easily fixed This chapter is meant as a guide for resolving basic problems users may encounter while using Ubuntu If you need any additional help beyond what is provided in this chapter take a look at other support options that are discussed in Finding
160. nd its derivatives 122 Finding additional help and support 123 The Ubuntu community 125 Contributing 126 A License 127 Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3 0 Legal Code 127 Creative Commons Notice 133 Glossary 135 Credits 137 Index 139 Prologue Welcome Welcome to Getting Started with Ubuntu an introductory guide written to help new users get started with Ubuntu Our goal is to cover the basics of Ubuntu such as installation and work ing with the desktop as well as hardware and software management work ing with the command line and security We designed this guide to be simple to follow with step by step instructions and plenty of screenshots allowing you to discover the potential of your new Ubuntu system Ubuntu 12 10 is considered a regular release and is supported by Canon ical with patches and upgrades for eighteen months Ubuntu 12 04 is the most recent LTs and has support for 5 years Whenever a new version of Ubuntu is released we will incorporate updates and changes into our guide and make a new version available at http www ubuntu manualL org Getting Started with Ubuntu 12 10 is not intended to be a comprehensive Ubuntu instruction manual It is more like a quick start guide that will get you doing the things you need to do with your computer quickly and easily without getting bogged down with technical details As with prior versions Ubuntu 12 10 incorporates many new features including a new kernel
161. nd select Properties In the Properties dialog window click on the Permissions tab and select the desired group from the Groups drop down list Then close the window Using the command line You can also modify user and group settings via the command line but we recommend you use the graphical method above unless you have a good reason to use the command line For more information on using the command line to modify users and groups see the Ubuntu Server Guide at https help ubuntu com 12 04 serverguide C user management html System updates Good security happens with an up to date system Ubuntu provides free software and security updates You should apply these updates regularly See Updates and upgrades to learn how to update your Ubuntu computer with the latest security updates and patches Trusting third party sources Normally you will add applications to your computer via the Ubuntu Soft ware Center which downloads software from the Ubuntu repositories as described in Chapter 5 Software Management However it is occasionally necessary to add software from other sources For example you may need to do this when an application is not available in the Ubuntu repositories or when you need a version of software newer than what is currently in the Ubuntu repositories Additional repositories are available from sites such as getdeb net and Source code is a term used to describe the code Launchpad ppas which can be added as described i
162. nder to browse files and folders Ubuntu uses the Nautilus file manager by default The Nautilus file manager window When you select the Home Folder shortcut in the Launcher click on a folder in the Dash or double click on a folder on the desktop the Nautilus file manager window opens The default window contains the following features menu bar The menu bar is located at the top of the screen the so called global menu These menus allow you to modify the layout of the browser navigate bookmark commonly used folders and files and view hidden folders and files titlebar The titlebar shows the name of the currently selected folder It also contains the Close Minimize and Maximize buttons toolbar The toolbar contains tools for navigation On the right is the search icon which looks like a magnifying glass clicking on this icon opens a field so you can search for a file or folder by name Just below the toolbar you will see a representation of your current browsing This is similar to the history function in most browsers it keeps track of where you are and allows you to backtrack if necessary You can click on the locations to navigate back through the file browser left pane The left pane of the file browser has shortcuts to commonly used folders When a folder is bookmarked it appears in the left pane No matter what folder is open the left pane will always contain the same folders This left pane can be changed to display diffe
163. ndroid and iPhone mobile devices These applications allow you to access your personal cloud files on the go You can get more information about the Android and iPhone applications at https one ubuntu com downloads android and https one ubuntu com downloads iphone respectively Getting Ubuntu One for Windows Ubuntu One also has a Windows application which can sync your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud files to the file system of a Windows operating system More information can be found at https one ubuntu com downloads windows Figure 3 44 You can purchase additional storage space on the Ubuntu One website Note that the prices shown here were correct at the date this manual was published Figure 3 45 Ubuntu One accepts credit cards and PayPal for purchasing additional storage Figure 3 46 This is the icon for the Ubuntu One Android and iPhone apps WORKING WITH UBUNTU 87 Additional Services of Ubuntu One In addition to file syncing Ubuntu One offers Contact Syncing and Music Streaming services These services are not discussed in this book but ad ditional information can be found at https one ubuntu com help tutorial contact sync for ubuntu 1004 lts and https one ubuntu com services music respectively The Music Streaming service requires a paid subscrip tion but it has a 30 day free trial period during which you can cancel with nothing to pay See https one ubuntu com services for the price of th
164. nection GUI The Gut which stands for Graphical User Interface is a type of user in terface that allows humans to interact with the computer using graphics and images rather than just text Isp Isp stands for Internet Service Provider an Isp is a company that provides you with your Internet connection kernel A kernel is the central portion of a Unix based operating system responsible for running applications processes and providing security for the core components maximize When you maximize an application in Ubuntu it will fill the whole desktop excluding the panels 136 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 minimize When you minimize an open application the window will no longer be shown If you click on a minimized application s icon in the Launcher it will be restored to its normal state and allow you to interact with it output The output of a command is any text it displays on the next line after typing a command and pressing enter e g if you type pwd into a terminal and press Enter the directory name it displays on the next line is the output package Packages contain software in a ready to install format Most of the time you can use the Software Center instead of manually installing packages Packages have a deb extension in Ubuntu parameter Parameters are special options that you can use with other commands in the terminal to make that command behave differently this can make a lot of commands far more useful
165. nforming them that you would like to share the file They will then have to accept the share request If the email address you provide does not yet have an Ubuntu One account they must first sign up for an Ubuntu One account before they can access the shared folder To stop sharing a folder navigate to it click the More button and click Stop sharing If another user shares a folder with you you will receive an email in forming you of the share and a link to click on to accept the share request Folders that are shared with you by other users will appear in the Shared With Me folder inside your Ubuntu One folder Ubuntu One Shared With Me To stop syncing files that are shared with you navigate to the folder in the Ubuntu One Web ut click the More button then click the Delete this share button Exceeding your Ubuntu One Storage Limit If you exceed the storage limit of your Ubuntu One account 5 GB is the free limit Ubuntu One will stop syncing your files to your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud Remedying an Exceeded Storage Limit You can do several things to remedy an exceeded storage limit Among them are gt Delete any files you no longer need gt Move any files you no longer need synced to another location that is not synced with Ubuntu One gt Purchase additional storage space you can purchase additional storage in 20 GB blocks Purchasing Additional Storage Space You can purchase additional storage space by
166. ng amongst Ubuntu and its derivatives Just as Ubuntu is based on Debian several distributions are subsequently based on Ubuntu Each differs with respect to the software included as part of the distribution Some are developed for general use while others are designed for accomplishing a more narrow set of tasks Alternative interfaces Ubuntu features a graphical user interface Gu1 based on the open source GNOME desktop As we explained in Chapter 2 The Ubuntu Desktop a user interface is a collection of software elements icons colors windows themes and menus that determines how someone may interact with a computer Some people prefer using alternatives to GNOME so they have created Ubuntu distributions featuring different user interfaces These include gt Kubuntu which uses the KDE graphical environment instead of the GNOME environment found in Ubuntu gt Lubuntu which uses the LXDE graphical environment instead of the GNOME environment found in Ubuntu and gt Xubuntu which uses the xFce graphical environment instead of the GNOME environment found in Ubuntu Additionally each of these distributions may contain default applications different from those featured in Ubuntu For instance the default music player in Ubuntu is Rhythmbox but in Lubuntu the default music player is Aqualung and in Kubuntu the default is Amarok Be sure to investigate LEARNING MORE 123 these differences if you are considering in
167. nimize command lspci in a terminal The Ubuntu Software Center houses a num your windows your graphics device is doing the hard work behind the scenes manufacturer by referring to your computer s manual by looking for the ber of applications that can tell you detailed system information SysInfo is one such program that you can use to find relevant information about your System devices Ubuntu comes with support for graphics devices manufac tured by the above companies and many others out of the box That means you don t have to find and install any drivers yourself Ubuntu takes care of it all Keeping in line with Ubuntu s philosophy the drivers that are used by default for powering graphics devices are open source This means that the drivers can be modified by the Ubuntu developers and problems with them can be fixed However in some cases a proprietary driver restricted driver provided by the company may provide better performance or features that are not present in the open source driver In other cases your particular device may not be supported by any open source drivers yet In those scenarios you may want to install the restricted driver provided by the manufacturer For both philosophical and practical reasons Ubuntu does not install restricted drivers by default but allows the user to make an informed choice Remember that restricted drivers unlike the open source drivers for your device are not maintained by
168. nstall and remove applica tions From your computer using the Software Center SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT 99 Ubuntu Software Center Figure 5 3 Searching for an application in the Ubuntu Software Center All Software ByRelevance Play and organize your music collection Goggles Music Manager amp ir amp Music Player SY Play your music files easily Dp uk kkkkk Music Player Rhythmbox Music Player rhythmbox amp amp sr 4 Play and organize your music collection Rhythmbox Music Player rhythmbox e Je s r Play and organize your music collection An elegant music organizer O a Cowbell Music Organizer He de vr RF i Buzztard Music Editor buzztard vr vy vy vy Edit buzztard song files D Gnome Music Player Client J k A A gnome frontend for the mpd daemon Ubuntu One Music Store Ae de vr e Purchase music on Ubuntu One in Rhythmbox f Canorus w srirsr z 2 A free next generation cross platform music score editor A Auralauiz Show 479 technical items 1 Click the Install button to the right of the selected package If you would like to read more about the software package before installing it first click on More Info This will take you to a short description of the application as well as a screenshot and a web link when available Re lated add ons will be listed below the application s description You can click Install from this screen as well In additio
169. ntains terms that have the same purpose meaning and effect as the License Elements of this License and ii explicitly permits the relicensing of adaptations of works made available under that license under this License or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License d Distribute means to make available to the public the original and copies of the Work or Adaptation as appropriate through sale or other transfer of ownership 128 h k GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 License Elements means the following high level license attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title of this License Attri bution ShareAlike Licensor means the individual individuals entity or entities that offer s the Work under the terms of this License Original Author means in the case of a literary or artistic work the individual individuals entity or entities who created the Work or if no individual or entity can be identified the publisher and in addition i in the case of a performance the actors singers musicians dancers and other persons who act sing deliver declaim play in interpret or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore ii in the case of a phonogram the producer being the person or legal entity who first fixes the sounds of a performance or other sounds and iii in the case of broadcasts the organization t
170. occasionally has difficulty running on certain computers usually when hardware manufacturers use non standard or proprietary compo nents The Ubuntu community offers documentation to help you trou bleshoot many common issues in this situation including problems with wireless cards scanners mice and printers You can find the complete hardware troubleshooting guide on Ubuntu s support wiki accessible at https wiki ubuntu com HardwareSupport If your hardware problems persist please see Getting more help for more troubleshooting options or information on obtaining support or assistance from an Ubuntu user Getting more help This guide does not cover every possible workflow task issue or problem in Ubuntu If you require assistance beyond the information in the manual you can find a variety of support opportunities online More details about many support options available to you can be found at Finding additional help and support later in this book 8 Learning More What else can I do with Ubuntu You should now be able to use Ubuntu for most of your daily activities such as browsing the web sending email and creating documents But you may be interested in learning about other versions of Ubuntu you can integrate into your digital lifestyle In this chapter we ll introduce you to additional versions of Ubuntu specialized for certain tasks We ll also provide you with resources for answering any remaining questions you may
171. of the same options that Empathy presents but accessible without having to open Empathy Desktop Sharing Desktop sharing is a very nice feature available with Ubuntu It can be used for a lot of purposes like troubleshooting online meetings or just showing off your cool desktop to your friend It is very easy to get remote desktop sharing working between two Ubuntu machines To share your screen you will first have to set up Desktop Sharing Open the Desktop Sharing application from the Launcher Next select Allow other users to view your desktop you may want to deselect Allow other users to control your desktop After you have Desktop Sharing configured open Empathy To begin sharing your desktop right click on the contact you wish to share with and select Share my desktop It should be noted that the other user will obviously be able to see the information displayed on your screen Please be sure to keep this in mind if you have documents or files that are of a private nature open on your desktop Changing account settings If you need to add more accounts after the initial launch of Empathy open the Edit menu then select Accounts Empathy will then display the Online Accounts manager window Editing an account You might need to edit the details of an account Select the account you want to change on the left side of the Online Accounts window then click Options The Online Accounts manager should show the current infor
172. on on fixing these and other problems If you are having trouble installing or using Ubuntu on your Apple notebook computer please follow the instruc tions at https help ubuntu com community MacBook You can select the appropriate guide after identifying your computer s model number Ubuntu is not working properly on my Asus EeePC When installed on netbook computers from Asus such as the EeePC Ubuntu does not always enable all of the computer s built in components including the keyboard shortcut keys and the wireless Internet adapter The Ubuntu community offers documentation on enabling these com ponents and fixing other problems If you are having trouble installing 120 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 or using Ubuntu on your Asus EeePC please follow the instructions at https help ubuntu com community EeePC This documentation page con tains information pertaining specifically to EeePC netbooks To enable many of the features and Function Keys a quick fix is to add acpi_osi Linux to your grub configuration From the Terminal gksudo gedit etc default grub and very carefully change the line GRUB_CMDLINE LINUX DEFAULT quiet splash to GRUB_CMDLINE LINUX DEFAULT quiet splash acpi _osi Linux Save and close the file Then from the terminal sudo update grub After the command finishes and you restart the computer you will be able to use the Fn keys normally My hardware is not working properly Ubuntu
173. on options The keyboard indicator only appears when you have chosen more than one keyboard layout in the keyboard settings during installation ea A A 12 26PM tt Figure 2 2 The Indicators of the menu bar Note that some older applications may still display their menu within the application window The Launcher Ubuntu Desktop The vertical bar of icons on the left side of the screen is called the Launcher The Launcher provides easy access to applications mounted devices and the Trash All running applications on your system will place an icon in the Launcher while the application is running The first icon at the top of the Launcher is the Dash a major innovation and core element of Unity we will explore the Dash in a later section of this chapter By de fault other applications appear on the Launcher including LibreOffice and Firefox the workspace switcher lens any mounted devices and of course the always important Trash lens at the bottom of the Launcher Using the Launcher Running applications To run an application from the Launcher or cause an already running application to appear just click on the application s icon Running applica tions will have one or more triangles on the left side of the icon indicating the number of application windows open for this application The appli cation in the foreground meaning on top of all other open application windows is indicated by a single white triangle
174. on the right side of its icon You can also run an application through the Dash We will talk about the Dash in the The Dash section THE UBUNTU DESKTOP 23 Figure 2 3 The Ubuntu 12 10 Launcher on the left with a sample of applications on it The workspace switcher helps you to select the workspace or the window you want Trash contains deleted files Tip Pressing Super s will show the content of the workspaces on one screen Super key is also known as the Windows key Win key It is located between the left Strg key and ALt key IF you hold the Super key a number will appear on each of the first ten applications along with a margin containing useful shortcuts You can launch an application with a number n on it by typing Super n Figure 2 4 Just below the Home Folder icon you will see the Firefox icon Notice the triangle on the right side indicating it is the application in the Foreground on top of all other applications and the triangle on the left side indicating there s only one window associated with Firefox at this time 24 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Adding and removing applications from the Launcher There are two ways to add an application to the Launcher gt Open the Dash find the application to add and drag and drop it to the Launcher gt Run the application you want to add to the Launcher right click on the application s icon on the Launcher and select Lock to Launcher To rem
175. on your computer 28 Nautilus file manager 28 Searching for files and folders on your computer 30 Customizing your desktop 31 Accessibility 32 Session options 33 Getting help 34 3 Working with Ubuntu 37 All the applications you need 37 Getting online 39 Browsing the web 46 Reading and composing email 55 Using instant messaging 59 Microblogging 63 Viewing and editing photos 66 Watching videos and movies 69 Listening to audio and music 70 Burning CDs and DVDs 75 Working with documents spreadsheets and presentations 78 Ubuntu One 78 4 Hardware 89 Using your devices 89 Hardware identification 89 4 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Displays 89 Connecting and using your printer 91 Sound 92 Using awebcam 93 Scanning text and images 93 Other devices 94 5 Software Management 97 Software management in Ubuntu 97 Using the Ubuntu Software Center 97 Managing additional software 101 Manual software installation 104 Updates and upgrades 105 6 Advanced Topics 107 Ubuntu for advanced users 107 Introduction to the terminal 107 Ubuntu file system structure 108 Securing Ubuntu 110 Why Ubuntu is safe 110 Basic security concepts 110 User accounts 111 System updates 113 Firewall 113 Encryption 114 7 Troubleshooting 115 Resolving problems 115 Troubleshooting guide 115 Getting more help 120 8 Learning More 121 What else can I do with Ubuntu 121 Open source software 121 Distribution families 121 Choosing amongst Ubuntu a
176. ond option Install this third party software includes the Fluendo mp3 codec and software required for some wireless hardware If you are not connected to the Internet the installer will help you set up a wireless connection The Preparing to install Ubuntu screen will also let you know if you have enough disk space and if you are connected to a power source in case INSTALLATION 11 Figure 1 1 The Welcome screen allows you to choose your language Alternatively you can also use your mouse to double click the Install Ubuntu 12 10 icon that is visible on the desktop when using the Live DVD This will start the Ubuntu installer Clicking on the underlined release notes link will open a web page containing any important information regarding the current version of Ubuntu 12 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 you are installing Ubuntu on a laptop running on battery Once you have selected your choices click Continue Install Figure 1 2 Preparing to install Preparing to install Ubuntu For best results please ensure that this computer v4 has at least 5 0 GB available drive space J is connected to the Internet Download updates while installing Ubuntu uses third party software to play Flash MP3 and other media and to work with some graphics and wi fi hardware Some of this software is proprietary The software is subject to license terms included with its documentation Install this
177. operating system instead Generally this means that the priority given to boot devices when your computer is starting needs to be changed For example your computer might be set to look For information from your hard drive and then to look For information on a DVD or USB To run Ubuntu From the Live DVD or USB we want the computer to look For information From the appropriate device First Changing your boot priority is usually handled by BIOS settings this is beyond the scope of this guide IF you need assistance with changing the boot priority see your computer manufacturer s documentation for more information labeled Try Ubuntu Ubuntu will then start up running directly from the Live DvD USB drive Install Welcome Asturianu Bahasa Indonesia Bosanski Catala Cestina Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espa ol Try Ubuntu Install Ubuntu Esperanto Euskara F You can try Ubuntu without making any changes to your computer directly ran ais from this CD Gaeilge Galego Or if you re ready you can install Ubuntu alongside or instead of your current operating system This shouldn t take too long Hrvatski slenska italiano You may wish to read the release notes Once Ubuntu is up and running you will see the default desktop We will talk more about how to actually use Ubuntu in Chapter 2 The Ubuntu Desktop but for now feel free to test things out Open some applications change settings and generally
178. opy drop contents of the pec ter caus Ha an i down choose the disc to copy In the Select a disc to write to drop down uor e gr pe ea either choose image file or the disc that you want to copy to Image File You can change where the image file is saved by clicking Properties This shows the Location for Image File You can edit the name of the file in the Name text field The default location to save the image file is your home folder but you can change the location by clicking the button next to Browse for other folders Once you have chosen where you want to save the photo or image click Close Returning to the Copy cD Dvp window click Create Image Brasero will open the Creating Image and will display the job progress When the process is complete click Close Burn image To burn an image open the Project New Project Burn Image Brasero will open the Image Burning Setup window Click on the Click here to select a disc image drop down and the Select Disc Image window will appear Navigate your way to the image you wish to burn click on it and then click Open 78 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 In the Select a disc to write to drop down menu click on the disc to which you d like to write then click Create Image Working with documents spreadsheets and presentations LibreOffice Suite is the default office suite when working with documents spreadsheets and slide presentations
179. ors Down 5 15 1 Last fm AC DC 1 2005 Seventeen Days Bonus Tracks 2 amp Libre fm D Afroman 2 Broke 1 B Radio A Perfect Circle 1 Candlebox 2 Stores YV Blue October 1 Foiled 1 HJ ubuntuone onc chores tah Linke Allamabinne an d Thinae Loft Linesil 4 Devices w Tract Title Genre Artist Album Time PEETI s Palmdale Rap amp Hip Hop Afroman TheGood Times 6 41 Playlists v 4 Judith Hard Rock A Perfect Circle Mer De Noms 4 02 MyTop Rated 5 Hate Me Alternative Blue October Foiled 6 20 Recently Ad 7 Crazy Bitch Rock Buck cherry 15 3 22 Recently Pla 1 EverythingZen Rock Bush Sixteen Stone 4 37 z Machinehead Rock Bush Sixteen Stone 4 15 10 Glycerine Rock Bush Sixteen Stone 4 26 Change Rock Candlebox Candlebox 6 24 5 far behind Rock Candlebox Candlebox 4 59 Rartandar Matal Ihad na Renka an1 A 18 songs 1 hour and 23 minutes 125 0 MB Listen to shared music If you are on the same network as other Rhythmbox users or most other music player software you can share your music and listen to their shared music To do this click Music Connect to DAAP Share Then enter the IP address and the port number Click OK Clicking a shared library will enable you to browse and play songs from other computers Manage podcasts Rhythmbox can manage all of your favorite podcasts Select Podcasts from the Side Pane to view all added podcasts The toolbar will display additional options to Browse Show All Add and Upd
180. ortcut directly on the desktop so that so the device is easy to access You shouldn t have to physi cally navigate to the media directory in Ubuntu unless you choose to do so from the command line When you ve finished using a device you can unmount it Unmounting a device disassociates the device from its directory allowing you to eject it If you disconnect or remove a storage device before unmounting it you may lose data Securing Ubuntu Now that you know a bit more about using the command line we can use it to make your computer more secure The following sections discuss various security concepts along with procedures for keeping your Ubuntu running smoothly safely and securely Why Ubuntu is safe Ubuntu is secure by default for a number of reasons Just because Ubuntu implements strong security by default doesn t mean the user gt Ubuntu clearly distinguishes between normal users and administrative can throw caution to the wind Care should be taken when downloading files opening f F g email and browsing the Internet Using a good gt Software for Ubuntu is kept in a secure online repository which contains antivirus program is warranted no false or malicious software gt Open source software like Ubuntu allows security flaws to be easily detected gt Security patches for open source software like Ubuntu are often released users quickly Many viruses designed to primarily target Windows b
181. orting Ripping Audio cds Begin by inserting a cb Rhythmbox will automatically detect it and add it to the side menu If you have an active Internet connection Rhythmbox will try to find the album details via the web Click the cp Uncheck any tracks 71 72 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 you don t want imported Press the Extract button located at the upper left corner of the right panel Rhythmbox will begin importing the cp As it finishes each track it will appear in your Music Library Listening to streaming audio Rhythmbox is pre configured to enable you to stream audio from various sources These include Internet broadcast stations Radio from the Side Pane Last fm and Libre fm To listen to an Internet radio station click on the Radio icon in the Side Pane for a list of pre configured stations You can filter by genre in the middle pane To add a new radio station select Add and enter the radio station URL Connect digital audio players Rhythmbox can connect with many popular digital media players Con nected players will appear in the Devices list Features will vary depending on the player and often the player s popularity but common tasks like transferring songs and playlists should be supported Rhythmbox ca x Not Playing Repeat Shuffle Library Y Browse showall Eject syncw bra Q Searchall fields n Play Queue A Music p Artist Album Podcasts All 10 artists 18 All 11 albums 18 3 Do
182. ou can either double click on its icon or right click the icon and select one of the Open With options Ubuntu attempts to determine what application to use for the file being opened and most of the time Ubuntu chooses correctly However if you want to open the file using an application other than what is selected then choose Open With Other Application A selection of installed applications will appear Make your selection and the file will open in the selected application Creating new Folders To create a new folder from within Nautilus click File Create New Folder Then name the folder that appears by replacing the default Untitled Folder with your desired label e g Personal Finances You can also create a new folder by pressing Ctr1 Shift n or by right clicking in the file browser window and selecting Create New Folder from the popup menu this action will also work on the desktop Hidden Files and Folders If you wish to hide certain folders or files place a dot in front of the name e g Personal Finances In some cases it is impossible to hide files and folders without prefixing them with a dot In Nautilus these folders can be hidden by creating a hidden file This is accomplished by opening the file and typing the name of the file or folder you wish to hide Make sure that each file or folder is on a separate line When you open Nautilus the folder will no longer be visible THE UBUNTU DESKTOP
183. ou want to add a printer you will need to make sure that it is switched on and plugged into your computer with a usB cable or connected to your network Adding a local printer If you have a printer that is connected to your computer with a uss cable then this is termed a local printer You can add a printer by clicking on the Add Printer button In the left hand pane of the New Printer window any printers that you can install will be listed Select the printer that you would like to install and click Forward You can now specify the printer name description and location Each of these should remind you of that particular printer so that you can choose the right one to use when printing Finally click Apply Adding a network printer Make sure that your printer is connected to your network either with an Ethernet cable or via wireless and is turned on You can add a printer by clicking Add Printer The New Printer window will open Click the sign next to Network Printer If your printer is found automatically it will appear under Network Printer Click the printer name and then click Forward In the text fields you can now specify the printer name description and location Each of these should remind you of that particular printer so that you can choose the right one to use when printing Finally click Apply You can also add your network printer by entering the 1p address of the printer Select Find Network Pr
184. ou will have to enter the password to get past it Click your username and enter your password Once done you may click the arrow or press Enter to get into the Ubuntu desktop Ubuntu s login screen supports multiple users and also supports custom backgrounds for each user In fact Ubuntu automatically will pick up your current desktop wallpaper and set it as your login background Ubuntu s login screen also lets you select the different environments to login The login screen allows you to update your keyboard language volume intensity and enable disable accessibility settings before you log in to your desktop It also displays date time and battery power for laptops You can also shut down or restart your system from the login screen John Doe Ubuntu installer for Windows You can install and run Ubuntu alongside your current installation of Win dows 1 Download the Ubuntu installer for Windows http www ubuntu com download ubuntu windows installer 2 Run the download file 3 Install Ubuntu Download and run the installer After the file wubi exe is downloaded run the file to start the installation If a security message appears click Continue to proceed with the installation Installation The Ubuntu Installer will start Choose and enter a Username and Pass word The password must be entered twice to ensure accuracy After A guest session is also available at the login screen You can activate
185. our work in any open applications is saved 34 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Other options From the Session Indicator you can select Lock Screen to require a pass word before using the computer again this is useful if you need to leave your computer for some duration You can also use the Session Indicator to set up a guest session for a friend or to switch users to log into another user account without closing your applications Getting help General Help Ubuntu just like other operating systems has a built in help reference called the Ubuntu Desktop Guide To access it click on the Dash and type Help Alternatively you can press F1 while on the desktop or select Ubuntu Help from the Help menu in the menu bar Heads Up Display help m S o 7 23AM tt message w Message Message Message Pa t Messages Messages The nun heads up display is a new help feature introduced in Ubuntu 12 04 This is a keyboard friendly utility to help you find commands fea tures and preferences embedded deep within the menu structure of an application Activate the HuD by pressing the left Alt key on the keyboard If you want to search a menu item such as creating a new message in Thun derbird then just type message in the HUD and the option for composing a new email message will come up in the list of matching results You can press the Enter key to active the command The Hup works for almost all applications that are n
186. ove an application from the Launcher right click on the applica tion s icon then select Unlock from Launcher The Dash The Dash is a tool to help you access and find applications and files on your computer quickly If you are a Windows user you ll find the Dash to be a more advanced Start Menu If you are a Mac user the Dash is similar to Launchpad in the dock If you ve used a previous version of Ubuntu or an other GNoME Linux distribution the Dash replaces the GNOME 2 menus To explore the Dash click on the top most icon on the Launcher the icon has the Ubuntu logo on it After selecting the Dash icon another window will appear with a search bar on the top as well as grouping of recently accessed applications files and downloads The search bar provides dynamic results as you enter your search terms The eight lenses at the bottom are links to your Home lens Applications lens Wikipedia lens Files and Folders lens Social lens Music lens Photo lens and Videos lens Lenses act as specialized search categories in the Dash AW 12 43PM tt a fji Applications f Screenshot Terminal Image Viewer Software Sources Software Updater Files amp Folders s i i i i i H H 02 Launcher 02 Launcher png triangles png 02 indicators png 02 1210 desktop png Search for files and applications with the Dash The Dash is an extremely powerful tool allowing you to search your entire system for app
187. ovide a name for the connection This will distinguish the connection being added from any other connections added in future In the Connection Name field choose a name such as Wired Home To setup the connection 1 Make sure that the Connect automatically option is selected under the connection name Switch to the rpv4 Settings tab Change the Method to Manual 4 Click on the Add button next to the empty list of addresses WORKING WITH UBUNTU 41 An IP Internet Protocol address is a unique number assigned to your machine so that your router can identify you on the network Think of it like a phone number for your computer Having this unique address allows the router to speak to your computer and therefore send receive data IF you are still not online after Following these steps you may need to try setting up your network connection manually using a static IP address D If you do not know your ISP s DNS server addresses Google has DNS servers that anyone in the world can use for free The addresses of these servers are Primary 8 8 8 8 Secondary 8 8 4 4 Editing Wired connection 1 Connection name ired connection 1 Connect automatically Wired 802 1x Security IPv4Settings IPv6 Settings Method Automatic DHCP X Additional DNS servers Additional search domains DHCP client ID Require IPv4 addressing for this connection to complete Routes Available to all users Cancel Save
188. ower blank area of the side bar and select New Playlist It appears in the sidebar as New Playlist Right click and select Rename to give the new playlist a name of your choosing Drag songs from your library to the new playlist in the side pane or right click on songs and select Add to Playlist and pick the playlist Smart Playlists are created in a similar way Choose Music Playlist New Automatic Playlist or right click in the lower blank area of the side bar and select New Automatic Playlist Define the filter criteria You can add multiple filter rules and select a name Save You can update any playlist including the predefined ones by right clicking on the name and choosing Edit 74 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Rhythmbox supports song ratings Right click a song in your library gt Properties gt Details and click on the number of stars To remove a rating select zero stars Other song information such as Title Artist and Album can be changed Right click a song in your library Properties Basic To remove a song right click Remove To delete a song from your hard drive entirely right click Move to the Rubbish Bin If you ever want to move a song highlight the song or group of songs from your library and drag it to a folder or to your desktop This will make a copy of the audio file in the new location Music stores Rhythmbox has an integrated store that gives you access to a huge catalog of music wi
189. place to connect your existing Ubuntu installation with your temporary troubleshooting session sudo mkdir media root Next link your Ubuntu installation and this new folder sudo mount dev sdal media root If you ve done this correctly then you should see the following ls media root bin dev home lib mnt root srv usr boot etc initrd lib64 opt sbin sys var cdrom initrd img media proc selinux tmp vmlinuz Now you can reinstall GRUB sudo grub install root directory media root dev sda Installation finished No error reported This is the contents of the device map boot grub device map Check if this is correct or not If any of the lines is incorrect fix it and re run the script grub install hd0 dev sda Finally remove the Ubuntu disc from your Dvp Rom drive reboot your computer and then start enjoying your Ubuntu operating system once again This guide may not work for all Ubuntu users due to differences in the various system configuration Still this is the recommended and most successful method for restoring the GRUB bootloader If you are following this guide and if it does not restore GRUB on your computer then try the other troubleshooting methods at https help ubuntu com community RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows Forgot my password If you forgot your password in Ubuntu you will need to reset it using the Recovery mode To start the Recovery mode shut down your computer an
190. playback music and Podcasts General includes how you want Rhythmbox to display artist and track information You can adjust the columns visible in your library and how the toolbar icons are displayed Playback options allow you to enable crossfading and the duration of the fade between tracks Music includes where you would like to place your music files and the library structure for new tracks added to Rhythmbox You can also set your preferred audio format Podcasts designates where podcasts are stored on your computer along with the ability to change how often podcast information is updated Plugins Rhythmbox supports a wide array of plugins which add functionality to Rhythmbox Many of the plugins provide basic audio playback and you may check a few more boxes for example to access the Magnatune Store To view or change the activated plugins use the global menu bar Edit gt Plugins Managing your music Rhythmbox supports creating playlists Playlists either are static lists of songs to be played in order or can be smart playlists based on filter criteria Playlists contain references to songs in your library They do not contain the actual songs but only reference them So if you remove a song from a playlist right click on the song Remove from Playlist the song will remain in your library and on your hard drive To create a playlist choose Music Playlist New Playlist press Ctr1 N or right click in the l
191. prove your download speed and will also be help to spread Ubuntu to other users worldwide Burning the DVD image Once your download is complete you will be left with a file called ubuntu 12 10 desktop i386 iso or similar i386 here in the filename refers to the 32 bit version If you downloaded the 64 bit version the filename contains amd64 instead This file is a DvD image a snapshot of the contents of a DvD which you will need to burn to a DvD Creating a bootable USB drive If your pc is able to boot from a uss stick you may prefer to use a USB memory stick instead of burning a DvD Scroll down to Burn your DVD or create a USB drive select DVD or USB stick choose the os you are using to create the uss drive and then click Show me how If you select the Uss Stick option your installation will be running from the usB memory stick In this case references to Live pvp will refer to the usg memory stick Trying out Ubuntu The Ubuntu pvp and uss stick function not only as installation media but also allow you to test Ubuntu without making any permanent changes to your computer by running the entire operating system from the DVD or USB stick Your computer reads information from a DvD at a much slower speed than it can read information off of a hard drive Running Ubuntu from the Live pvp also occupies a large portion of your computer s memory which would usually be available for applications to access when Ubun
192. r My personal folders Sync Locally ij Ubuntu One Always in sync Check settings Talktous Ed ubuntu one Install Sign in Select sync folders 6 Sync stream share Syncing your computer with the cloud Okay Now it s time to choose which Folders on this computer you would like to sync to the cloud Sync these folders on my computer Space 0 bytes Desktop O bytes Downloads O bytes Templates 0 bytes Public 0 bytes Documents 0 bytes C Music 0 bytes Pictures 373 9 KiB Videos O bytes Add a Folder From this computer lt Back Finish In the next dialog figure 3 37 you can choose which of your local file system folders you would like synced with your Ubuntu One cloud storage The folder Ubuntu One is implicitly synced but you can select additional folders you may like synced your pictures for instance Once you re finished selecting folders click the Finish button to complete the setup Talktous EJ process You are now ready to begin using Ubuntu One Using Ubuntu One with the Nautilus file manager Ubuntu One integrates with the Nautilus file browser the program you use to view your file system You can add sync and share files directly from Nautilus Adding and Modifying Files WORKING WITH UBUNTU 81 Figure 3 36 This setup dialog lets you select which existing Ubuntu One folders you would like synced with your machine
193. rcial software online or through a physical store or search the Internet for a free alternative if one is available The correct installation file must then be verified for integrity downloaded and located on the computer fol lowed by the user proceeding through a number of installation prompts and options By default Ubuntu gives you a centralized point with two differ ent ways to browse the repositories for searching installing and removing software gt Ubuntu Software Center gt Command line apt get Searching installing and or removing applications with Ubuntu Software Center is easy and convenient and is the default application management system for both beginning and expert Ubuntu users Using the Ubuntu Software Center There are numerous ways to install software on an operating system In Ubuntu the quickest and easiest way to find and install new applications is through the Ubuntu Software Center To start the application click on the Ubuntu Software Center icon in the Launcher or click on the Dash and search for Ubuntu Software Center The Ubuntu Software Center can be used to install applications available in the official Ubuntu repositories The Software Center window has four sections a list of categories on the left a banner at the top a Top Rated panel at the bottom and a What s New and Recommended For You areas on the right Clicking on a category will take you to a list of related appli cations
194. rcle Magazine is the independent magazine for the Ubuntu Linux community Released every month Full Circle Magazine contains reviews of new software including games for Ubuntu step by step tutorials for projects you can undertake with Ubuntu editorials discussing important issues in the Ubuntu community and Ubuntu tips from other users You can download issues of Full Circle Magazine at http fullcirclemagazine org The Ubuntu UK Podcast Produced by members of the UK s Ubuntu LoCo team this bi weekly online A podcast is a radio style broadcast available as audio broadcast or podcast features lively discussion about Ubuntu and an audio File For download to computers and r k portable media players often includes interviews with Ubuntu community members who work to improve Ubuntu Episodes are available at http podcast ubuntu uk org 126 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 OMG Ubuntu OMG Ubuntu is a weblog that aims to inform the Ubuntu community about Ubuntu news events announcements and updates in a timely fash ion It also allows Ubuntu users to discuss ways they can promote or share Ubuntu You can read this blog or subscribe to it at http www omgubuntu co uk Contributing Contributing to Ubuntu As we mentioned earlier in this chapter Ubuntu is a community maintained operating system You can help make Ubuntu better in a number of ways The community consists of thousands of individuals
195. rd Files For sync will not be shared Share with email Files Guploadfile E Newfolder Share name My Storage Allow modification B Share this folder or Cancel My Storage Pictures 7 minutes ago More Share folder Stop syncing this Folder 03 MB notification png 68 7 KB 31 minutes ago More 03 U1 naut addfolder rtclick png 101 8 KB 22 minutes ago 7 More Dashboard Services Downloads Help Developer Ubuntu One Files Ubuntu One Free Ubuntu One for Windows FAQs Files API Services Contacts Music Streaming add on Ubuntu One for Ubuntu Tutorials Music API Downloads Ubuntu One for Android Service Status Accounts Admin API About us To share files in Ubuntu One you must share an entire folder Before you begin to share files you should make sure only the files you want to share Figure 3 42 A File s More button in the Web UI gives you many options Figure 3 43 Sharing Folders with other users makes collaborating on files simple WORKING WITH UBUNTU 85 are in this folder Then to share this folder navigate to it in the Ubuntu One Web ut and click the More button to the right of the folder name In the More menu click on Share folder A dialog box similar to that shown in figure 3 43 should appear Complete the fields in the dialog box and click the Share this folder button when you are finished Once you share the folder the user you are trying to share the folder with should receive an email i
196. re using In most cases you will find the suggested option satisfactory If you are unsure which keyboard option to select you can click the Detect Keyboard Layout button to have Ubuntu determine the correct choice by asking you to press a series of keys You can also manually choose your keyboard layout from the list of options If you like enter text into the box at the bottom of the window to ensure you are happy with your selection then click Continue Ubuntu installs a home folder where your personal Files and configuration data are located by default IF you choose to have your home folder on a separate partition then in the event that you decide to reinstall Ubuntu or perform a fresh upgrade to the latest release your personal Files and configuration data won t be lost More information and detailed instructions on partitioning are available at https help ubuntu com community HowtoPartition Figure 1 5 Tell Ubuntu your location Install Keyboard layout Choose your keyboard layout etapa English Cameroon English Ghana English Nigeria English South Africa English UK English US Esperanto Estonian Faroese Filipino Finnish Type here to test your keyboard Detect Keyboard Layout English US English US English US English US English US English US English US English US English US English US Enalish US Cherokee English Colema
197. reach the web page you will kan gato and do Gre same things that youde r Eoi 5 i 7 on your computer Emails For instance are need to log in by clicking Log in or Sign up in the upper right hand corner commonly a essedithroughaWeb Ul WORKING WITH UBUNTU 83 Figure 3 41 The Ubuntu One Control Panel Hi 0 used File Sync is up shows you which folders in your file system are John Doe 170 5 KiB of 5 GiB tig synced with your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud Get more storage O Disconnect Folders Sharelinks Devices Settings Account information Go to the web for public and private sharing options O My personal folders Sync Locally i Pictures e Explore ij Ubuntu One Always in sync Explore Add a folder from this computer Get help online Talktous of the page On the following page fill in your email address and Ubuntu One password then click the Continue button Once logged in you should be taken to your Dashboard The Dashboard shows you a summary of your data usage and keeps you informed of new features in Ubuntu One To view your files click the Files link in the navigation bar in the upper portion of the page Downloading and Uploading Files To access your files from the Ubuntu One Web ut you can simply download them from your personal cloud To download a file click More shown to the right of the file as shown in the browser then click on Download file as shown in fi
198. red The NetworkManager icon in the top panel will animate as Ubuntu attempts to connect to the network If the connection is successful the icon will change to display a signal meter An on screen D A MAC address is a hardware ad dress for your computer s network card Entering this information is sometimes important when using a cable modem connection If you know the MAC address of your net work card this can be entered in the appropriate text field in the Wired tab of the editing window To find the MAC addresses for all installed networking devices open a terminal window and at the command line prompt type ifconfig This will display a lot of information about each of the network devices installed on the computer The wired devices will be labeled as LANO LAN1 etc The wireless devices will appear as WLANO WLAN etc To improve speed and reliability of your wireless connection try moving closer to your router or wireless access point WORKING WITH UBUNTU 43 notification message will also appear informing you that the connection was successful If the network is password protected Ubuntu will display a window called Wireless Network Authentication Required as it tries to make a connection This means that a valid password is required to make a connec tion This is what the screen should look like rinira aie Enkar Journee Authentication required by wireless network password Passwords or encryption keys
199. rent features such You can open your Home folder from the Launcher IF you do not see the desktop menu click somewhere on the desktop and it will appear IF you bookmark a Folder it will appear in the Bookmarks menu and in the left pane IF you start typing a location in the toolbar starting with a character Nautilus will automatically change the navigation buttons into a text field labeled Location It is also possible to convert the navigation buttons into a text field by pressing Ctr1 L as Information Tree History etc by clicking the down arrow beside Places near the top central pane The largest pane shows the files and folders in the directory that you are currently browsing Home Computer BeHome Q search ig Home E Desktop B a i Documents Downloads Desktop Documents Downloads S irau aA al Pictures a gt il Bvideos Music Pictures Public File System T Trash E me A Templates Videos Examples Network Browse Network Navigating Nautilus To navigate between folders use the bookmarks in the left pane of the Nautilus file manager You can also retrace your steps by clicking on the name of a folder in the path bar Double clicking on a visible folder will cause you to navigate to it Opening files A file in its simplest form is data Data can represent a text document database information or data that will be used to produce music or video To open a file y
200. ress will periodically change hence the name dynamic However if you have configured a static 1p address your IP address will never change gt A network mask This tells your computer the size of the network to which it is being connected It is formatted the same way as the rp ad dress but usually looks something like 255 255 255 0 gt A gateway This is the 1p address of the device that your machine looks to for access to the Internet Usually this will be the router s rp address gt DNS server This is the 1P address of the pns Domain Name Service server DNS is what your computer uses to resolve 1p addresses to domain names For example http www ubuntu com resolves to 91 189 94 156 This is the rp address of the Ubuntu website on the Internet DNs is used so you don t have to remember 1p addresses Domain names like ubuntu com are much easier to remember You will need at least one DNS server address but you can enter up to three addresses in case one server is unavailable To manually configure a wired connection click on the NetworkManager icon and select Edit Connections Make sure you are looking at the Wired tab inside the Network Connections window The list may already have an entry such as Wired connection 1 or a similar name If a connection is listed select it and click the Edit button If no connection is listed click the Add button If you are adding a connection you need to pr
201. right under the Tags label Editing images You may want to edit some of the photos you import into Shotwell For example you may want to remove something at the edge adjust the color reduce the red eye effect or straighten the image To edit a photo double click on the photo you want to edit and then click on one of the following buttons Rotate Click Rotate to rotate the image 90 clockwise You can click the button more than once and it will rotate the image clockwise in 90 intervals Crop Click Crop to change the framing of the photo The image will darken and a selection will appear Adjust the selection to your desired crop by dragging a corner or side If you want to choose a specific aspect ratio use the drop down menu to select one of the preset ratios or enter your own custom ratio A pivot button is provided to change your selection from landscape to portrait and vice versa Once you are happy with the selection click OK to apply the crop or Cancel to discard it Red eye reduction If you have taken a photo and the flash has caused the subject to have red eyes you can fix this problem in Shotwell Click the Red eye button A circle will appear Drag this circle over one of the subjects eyes and then use the slider to adjust the circle size When the circle is over the eye click Apply to fix the red eye You will need to repeat this for each individual eye Use caution when adjusting the size of the circle
202. s a social networking client for GNOME It supports Facebook Twitter Identi ca StatusNet Foursquare and Flickr This package includes the Gwibber desktop client Developer Web Site Add ons 4 Flickr plugin for Gwibber qwibber service flickr Foursquare plugin for Gwibber gwibber service foursquare 4 status Net plugin for Gwibber qwibber service statusnet Working with social networking accounts on Gwibber Pull down the Message menu from the top panel bar as shown in figure 3 21 and select Gwibber This starts the app If you have not previously entered an account the Online Accounts manager will open automatically Otherwise select Edit Accounts to open it Online Accounts All Settings Online Twitt Twitter ra s Add t The following applications integrate with your Twitter account account Gwibber Integrate your Feed data Remove account Figure 3 20 Use the Ubuntu Software Center to to get Gwibber add ons Figure 3 21 The Message pull down menu shows you a quick overview of your Feeds Figure 3 22 Add an account for use with Gwibber using the Online Accounts manager To add a new account click At the top of the window where it says Show accounts that integrate with select Gwibber from the drop down menu Now click on the name of the service with which you have an ac count and follow any instructions to authorize the account Removing accounts from Gwibber
203. s a wide range of applications for your daily work Ubuntu comes with a basic set of applications for common tasks like surfing the Internet checking email listening to music and organizing photos and videos Sometimes you may need an extra level of specialization For example you may want to retouch your photos run some software for your business or play some new games In each of these cases you can search for an application install it and use it usually with no extra cost Software in Ubuntu is delivered as packages making software installation a one click one step process A package is a compressed file archive con Figure 5 1 Software Center icon We recommend Ubuntu Software Center for taining everything needed to run the application Packages can also contain searching installing and removing applications other information including the name of the packages which are required although youstill canus the command j k hich ial for th ful line application apt get or install and use to run it These packages which are essential for the successful execution the advanced application Synaptic Package of other packages are called dependencies or libraries Linux is designed in a Manager way so that any library can be updated without having to reinstall the com plete application minimizing hard drive usage by letting other applications use the same library Most other operating systems require a user to purchase comme
204. s your computer will be able to turn it on and also access your files Require my password to login This option is selected by default as it will prevent unauthorized people from accessing your computer without knowing the password you cre ated earlier This is a good option for those who for example share their computer with other family members Once the installation process has been completed an additional login account can be created for each family member Each person will then have their own login name and password account preferences Internet bookmarks and personal storage space Encrypt my home folder This option provides you with an extra layer of security Your home folder is where your personal files are stored By selecting this option Ubuntu will automatically enable encryption on your home folder meaning that files and folders must be decrypted using your password before they can be accessed Therefore if someone had physical access to your hard drive for example if your computer was stolen and the hard drive removed they would not be able to see your files without knowing your password If you choose this option be careful not to enable automatic login at a later date It will cause complications with your encrypted home folder and will potentially lock you out of important files INSTALLATION 17 Finishing Installation Ubuntu will now finish installing on your hard drive As the installation progresses
205. save on ink or to print in Color or Inverted Grayscale Media type Depending on the printer you can change between gt Plain Paper Automatic gt Photo Paper gt Transparency Film gt CD or DVD Media Print quality This specifies how much ink is used when printing Fast Draft using the least ink and High Resolution Photo using the most ink Sound Ubuntu usually detects the audio hardware of the system automatically during installation The audio in Ubuntu is provided by a sound server named PulseAudio The audio preferences are easily configurable with the help of a very easy to use Gui which comes preinstalled with Ubuntu Volume icon and Sound Preferences A volume icon sitting on the top right corner of the screen provides quick access to a number of audio related functions When you left click on the volume icon you are greeted with four options A mute option at the very top a slider button which you can move horizontally to increase decrease volume a shortcut to the default music player Rhythmbox and an option for accessing the Sound Settings Selecting Sound Settings opens up another window which provides access to options for changing input and output hardware preferences for speakers microphones and headphones It also provides options for setting the volume level for each application Sound Settings can also be found from System Settings It is known as Sound Output The Output tab will have a list of
206. sired action Different types of shells accept slightly different commands The most popular is called bash and is the default shell in Ubuntu In GUI environments the term Folder is commonly used to describe a place where files are stored In CLI environments the term directory is used to describe the same thing This metaphor is exposed in many commands i e cd or pwd throughout this chapter Figure 6 1 The default terminal window allows you to run hundreds of useful commands Parameters are extra segments of text usually added at the end of a command that change how the command itself is interpreted These usually take the form of h or help for example In Fact help can be added to most commands to display a short description of the command as well as a list of any other parameters that can be used with that command Those adept in CLI experience will know these parameters by another name switches ADVANCED TOPICS 109 d Figure 6 2 Some of the most important directories in the root file system media etc usr ipod pendrive za E Tra bin and sbin Many essential system applications equivalent to C Windows etc System wide configuration files home Each user will have a subdirectory to store personal files for example home yourusername which is equivalent to C Users or C Documents and Settings in Microsoft Windows lib Library files similar to d1
207. software listed by categories Scroll down to the application you wish to remove If you click on the arrow next to the Installed button you will find a list of software providers which can help you narrow your search You can also enter keywords into the Search field to quickly find installed software or you can search by date in the History tab more on History below Ubuntu Software Center Figure 5 5 Here clicking on Remove will a remove the package SuperTux SuperTux A Super Mario inspired penguin platform game Hekeke ke he 44 rating Installed on 2012 07 13 Remove SuperTux is a classic 2D jump n run sidescroller game in a similar style like the original SuperMario games Homepage http super tux sourceforge net Version supertux stable 0 1 3 1 1ubuntu3 Total size 569 3 kB on disk To remove software 1 Click the Remove button to the right of the selected application 2 Enter your password into the authentication window Similar to in stalling software removing software requires your password to help protect your computer against unauthorized changes The package will then be queued for removal and will appear under the progress section at the top Removing a package will also update your menus accordingly SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT 101 Software history The Ubuntu Software Center keeps track of past software management in the History section This is useful if you wish to reinst
208. ss F3 You can skip opening the Find Toolbar altogether a a el J Google Yahoo S Bing a Amazon com 3 DuckDuckGo v eBay Twitter W Wikipedia en Manage Search Engines Figure 3 8 These are the other search engines you can use by default from the Firefox search bar Figure 3 9 You can search within web pages using the Find Toolbar WORKING WITH UBUNTU 51 1 Turn on the relevant Accessibility option with Edit Preferences Advanced General Accessibility Search for text when I start typ ing gt Close 2 Now provided your cursor is not within a text field when you start typing it will automatically start searching for text Viewing web pages full screen To display more web content on the screen you can use Full Screen mode Full Screen mode hides everything but the main content To enable Full Screen mode choose View Full Screen or press F11 While in full screen mode move your mouse to the top of the screen to reveal the URL and search bars Press F11 to return to normal mode Copying and saving pages With Firefox you can copy part of a page so that you can paste it elsewhere or save the page or part of a page as a file on your computer Copying part of a page To copy text links or images from a page 1 Highlight the text and images with your mouse 2 Right click the highlighted text and select Copy or press Ctrl C To copy just a single image it is not nece
209. ssary to highlight it Just right click the image and select Copy You can paste the results into another application such as LibreOffice Copying a link To copy a text or image link URL from a page 1 Position the pointer over the text link or image Your mouse pointer changes to a pointing finger 2 Right click the link or image to open a pop up menu 3 Select Copy Link Location You can paste the link into other applications or into Firefox s Location Bar Saving all or part of a page To save an entire page in Firefox 1 Choose File Save Page As from the top bar or press Ctr1 S Firefox opens the Save As window 2 Choose a location for the saved page 3 Type a file name for the page 4 Press Save To save an image from a page 1 Position the mouse pointer over the image 52 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 2 Right click the image and select Save Image As Firefox opens the Save Image window 3 Choose a location for the saved image 4 Enter a file name for the image 5 Press Save Changing your home page Firefox shows the home page when it opens By default this is the Ubuntu Start Page You can change your default home page to a new one or even to several new ones Firefox Preferences m amp K is teil Tabs Content Applications Privacy Security Sync Advanced Startup When Firefox starts Show my home page Home Page about startpage Use Curr
210. stalling an Ubuntu distribution with an alternative desktop environment For more information about these and other derivative distributions see http www ubuntu com project derivatives Task specific distributions Other Ubuntu distributions have been created to accomplish specific tasks or run in specialized settings Ubuntu Server Edition The Ubuntu Server Edition is an operating system optimized to perform multi user tasks when installed on servers Such tasks include file shar ing and website or email hosting If you are planning to use a computer to perform tasks like these you may wish to use this specialized server distribution in conjunction with server hardware This manual does not explain the process of running a secure web server or performing other tasks possible with Ubuntu Server Edition For details on using Ubuntu Server Edition refer to the manual at http www ubuntu com business server overview Edubuntu Edubuntu is an Ubuntu derivative customized for use in schools and other educational institutions It contains software similar to that offered in Ubuntu but also features additional applications like a collaborative text editor and educational games For additional information regarding Edubuntu visit http www edubuntu org Ubuntu Studio This derivative of Ubuntu is designed specifically for people who use com puters to create and edit multimedia projects It features applications to help users
211. supporting newer graphics cards updates to the Update Manager and full disk encryption to name just a few For more detailed information on any aspect of the Ubuntu desktop see the Ubuntu Desktop Guide which can be obtained in any of the following ways gt in the Dash type help gt in the desktop menu bar click Help Ubuntu Help gt go to https help ubuntu com Ubuntu 12 10 Ubuntu Desktop Help There are also many excellent resources available on the Internet For example on https help ubuntu com you will find documentation on in stalling and using Ubuntu At the Ubuntu Forums http ubuntuforums org and Ask Ubuntu http askubuntu com you will find answers to many Ubuntu related questions You can find more information about Ubuntu s If something isn t covered in this manual chances are you will find the online and system documentation in Chapter 8 3 A A y y Learning More information you are looking for in one of those locations We will try our best to include links to more detailed help wherever we can Ubuntu Philosophy The term Ubuntu is a traditional African concept originating from the Bantu languages of southern Africa It can be described as a way of con People sometimes wonder how to pronounce necting with others living in a global community where your actions Ubuntu Each u is pronounced the same as aff llofh itv Ubuntu i than iust ti tem iti in the word put except for the
212. system administration and software develop ment skills If you are interested in becoming a developer or an advanced Ubuntu user knowledge of the command line will be essential 108 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Opening the Terminal You can open the terminal by clicking Dash gt Applications Terminal When the terminal window opens it will be largely blank with the exception of some text at the top left of the screen followed by a blinking block This text is your prompt it displays by default your login name and your computer s name followed by the current directory The tilde means that the current directory is your home directory Finally the blinking block is called the cursor this marks where text will be entered as you type To test a terminal command type pwd and press Enter The terminal should display home yourusername This text is called the output You have just used the pwd print working directory command which outputs displays the current directory john john Pc john john Pc pwd home john john john Pc cd john john Pc pwd cd pwd john john PC 1s examples desktop john john Pc All commands in the terminal follow the same approach Type a com mand possibly followed by some parameters and press Enter to perform the specified action Often some type of output will be displayed confirm ing the action was completed successfully although this can d
213. t Check https wiki ubuntu com HardwareSupportComponentsScanners to find out which scanners work with Ubuntu Other devices USB USB ports are available as standard on almost all computers available now They are used to connect a multitude of devices to your computer These could include portable hard drives flash drives removable cp pvp Blu ray drives printers scanners and mobile phones When connected flash drives and portable hard drives are automatically detected the file manager will open and display the contents of the drive You can then use the drives for copying data to and from the computer All new cameras camcorders and mobile phone sp cards are automatically detected by Ubuntu These sp cards have different types of data so a window will appear with a drop down menu to choose between video audio import and the file manager you can choose your desired action from this menu Firewire Firewire is a connection on some computers that allows you to transfer data from devices This port is generally used by camcorders and digital cameras If you want to import video from your camcorder you can do so by connecting your camcorder to the Firewire port You will need to install a program called Kino which is available in the Ubuntu Software Center Firewire is officially known as IEEE 1394 It is also known as the Sony i LINK and Texas Instruments Lynx To Find out more about Kino visit http www kinodv org HAR
214. t ubuntu manual lists launchpad net About the team Our project is an open source volunteer effort to create and maintain qual ity documentation for Ubuntu and its derivatives Want to help We are always looking for talented people to work with and due to the size of the project we are fortunate to be able to cater to a wide range of skill sets gt Authors and editors gt Programmers Python or TeX gt User interface designers gt Icon and title page designers gt Event organizers and ideas people gt Testers gt Web designers and developers gt Translators and screenshotters gt Bug reporters and triagers To find out how you can get started helping please visit http ubuntu manual org getinvolved Conventions used in this book The following typographic conventions are used in this book gt Button names menu items and other Gur elements are set in boldfaced type gt Menu sequences are sometimes typeset as File Save As which means Choose the File menu then choose the Save As gt Monospaced type is used for text that you type into the computer text that the computer outputs as in a terminal and keyboard shortcuts 1 Installation Getting Ubuntu Before you can get started with Ubuntu you will need to obtain a copy of Many companies such as Dell and System76 the Ubuntu installation image for pvp or usB Some options for doing this sell computers with Ubuntu preinstalled
215. t can play many of these formats is vic media player It can be installed from the Ubuntu Software Center Once Ubuntu has successfully installed this software your rich media content should work properly How can I change my screen resolution The image on every monitor is composed of millions of little colored dots called pixels Changing the number of pixels displayed on your monitor is called changing the resolution Increasing the resolution will make the displayed images sharper but will also tend to make them smaller The opposite is true when screen resolution is decreased Most monitors have a native resolution which is a resolution that most closely matches the number of pixels in the monitor Your display will usually be sharpest when your operating system uses a resolution that matches your display s native resolution The Ubuntu configuration utility Displays allows users to change the resolution Open it by clicking on the session indicator and then on Dis plays The resolution can be changed using the drop down list within the program Picking options higher up on the list for example those with larger numbers will increase the resolution TROUBLESHOOTING 119 Pipe Figure 7 2 You can change your display settings Laptop ON Mirror displays Note may limit resolution options Resolution 1024x 768 4 3 7 Rotation Normal o oyy Launcher placement Alldisplays X Sticky edges G De
216. tect Displays Apply You can experiment with various resolutions by clicking Apply at the bottom of the window until you find one that is comfortable Typically the highest resolution will be the native resolution Selecting a resolution and clicking Apply will temporarily change the screen resolution to the selected value and a dialog box will also be displayed for 30 seconds This dialog box allows you to revert to the previous resolution setting or keep the new resolution setting If you ve not accepted the new resolution and or 30 seconds have passed the dialog box will disappear and the display s resolution will return to its previous setting i Figure 7 3 You can revert back to your old Qe Does the display look OK settings if you need to The display will be reset to its previous configuration in 16 seconds Restore Previous Configuration Keep This Configuration This feature was implemented to prevent someone from being locked out of the computer by a resolution that distorts the monitor output and makes it unusable When you have finished setting the screen resolution click Close Ubuntu is not working properly on my Apple MacBook or MacBook Pro When installed on notebook computers from Apple such as the MacBook or MacBook Pro Ubuntu does not always enable all of the computer s built in components including the iSight camera and the Airport wireless Internet adapter Luckily the Ubuntu community offers documentati
217. tem will how you can use it in your company visit http At ce www ubuntu com business server overview always be free As of 2012 Ubuntu is installed on an estimated 2 of the world s computers This equates to tens of millions of users worldwide and is growing each year As there is no compulsory registration the percentage of Ubuntu users should be treated as an estimate What is Linux Ubuntu is built on the foundation of Linux which is a member of the Unix family Unix is one of the oldest types of operating systems and together with Linux has provided reliability and security for professional applica tions for almost half a century Many servers around the world that store data for popular websites such as YouTube and Google run some variant of Linux or Unix The popular Android system for smartphones is a Linux variant modern in car computers usually run on Linux Even the Mac os x is based on Unix The Linux kernel is best described as the core almost the brain of the Ubuntu operating system The Linux kernel is the controller of the operating system it is responsi ble for allocating memory and processor time It can also be thought of as the program which manages any and all applications on the computer itself Linux was designed from the ground up with security and hardware compatibility in mind and is currently one of the most popular Unix based operating systems One of the benefits of Linux is that it
218. th a variety of licensing options The Ubuntu One Music Store see figure below sells music from global major and minor music labels The store offers DRM free no copy protection songs encoded in high quality mp3 format You can browse the catalog play previews and buy songs with the Ubuntu One Music Store As the name suggests the Ubuntu One Music Store integrates with the Ubuntu One service All purchases are transferred to your personal cloud storage and are automatically copied to all of your computers For that reason an Ubuntu One account is required it is free of charge and quick to register The catalog of music available for purchase will vary depending on where you live in the world More information about the Ubuntu One Music Store can be found at https one ubuntu com music PU es Figure 3 30 Ubuntu One Music Store m4 X Not Playing Previous Play Shuffle Library via A New Justadded Browse My downloads Basket Helg H Play Queue JI Music gt ubuntu one Artist Search Podcasts Last fm bre fm Deutschland Top Picks Browse by genre amp Radio pen Britpop Metal Roots Stores v Blues Motown Synth pop Electro Pop Soul U ubuntu One Hip Hop Reggae Trip Hop Playlists v t Indie R amp B Urban Jazz Rock World My Top Rated Recently Added Recently Played Osongs Audio codecs Adele Bruno Mars 21 Doo Wops amp Hooligans Recommendations COLD WAR KIDS INN 1S sto aa Cold War Kids Min
219. the Software Sources application You can open Software Sources from the Ubuntu Software Center Simply go to Edit gt Software Sources or open the HUD Alt key and search for sources Software Sources Ubuntu Software Other Software Updates Authentication Additional Drivers Downloadable from the Internet Canonical supported free and open source software main Community maintained Free and open source software universe Proprietary drivers For devices restricted Software restricted by copyright or legal issues multiverse source code Download from Server for United States A Installable from CD ROM DVD Revert Close Managing the official repositories When you open Software Sources you will see the Ubuntu Software tab where the first four options are enabled by default Canonical supported open source software main This repository contains all the open source packages maintained by Canonical Community maintained open source software universe This repository contains all the open source packages developed and maintained by the Ubuntu community Proprietary drivers for devices restricted This repository contains propri etary drivers which may be required to utilize the full capabilities of some of your devices or hardware Software restricted by copyright or legal issues multiverse This repository contains software possibly protected from use in some states or countries by copyright or licensing la
220. thmbox from the list Clicking the play button also starts the player There are several applications which are useful if you have a webcam Cheese can capture pictures with your webcam and VLC media player can capture video from your webcam You can install these from the Ubuntu Software Center 94 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Click on Simple Scan Click to choose between Text or Photo from Document Scan Text Click Scan Click the Paper Icon to add another page Click Save to save Het ees You can save the scanned documents and pictures in JPEG You can also save in PDF format to enable opening in Acrobat Reader To do that add the extension pdf at the end of the filename Troubleshooting your scanner If your scanner is not detected Ubuntu may give you a No devices avail able message when trying to scan There may be a reason why Ubuntu cannot find your scanner gt Simply unplug the scanner and plug it back in If it is a newer UsB scan ner it is likely that it will just work gt The driver for your scanner is not being automatically loaded Restart your system It might help gt Your scanner is not supported in Ubuntu The most common type of scanner not supported is old parallel port or Lexmark All in One printer scanner faxes gt SANE project listing of supported scanners The SANE Scanner Access Now Easy project provides most of the back ends to the scanning soft ware on Ubuntu g
221. thy or Kopete to communicate over most pro tocols including arm Msn Google Talk Jabber xmpp Facebook Yahoo and ICQ This means you need only one client to communicate with all of your friends The drawback is that some of these clients have limited video support If you are using MSN exclusively aMSN may be worth a try VoIP Applications Windows Skype Google Video Chat gt Mac os x Skype Google Video Chat gt Linux Ekiga Skype Google Video Chat VoIP technologies allow you to talk to people over the Internet The most popular such application is Skype which is available for Linux An open source alternative Ekiga supports voice communication using the sip protocol Note that Ekiga isn t compatible with Skype BitTorrent Clients gt Windows uTorrent Azureus Mac os x Transmission Azureus gt Linux Transmission Deluge Azureus KTorrent Flush Vuze BitStorm Lite There are a number of BitTorrent clients for Ubuntu Transmission Ubuntu s default client is simple and light weight Deluge Azureus and KTorrent offer many features and can satisfy the most demanding of users Getting online This section of the manual will help you to check your connection to the Internet and help you configure it where needed Ubuntu can connect to the Internet using a wired wireless or dialup connection Ubuntu also supports more advanced connection methods which will be briefly discussed at the end of this sectio
222. times it can t properly identify your resolution To set or check your screen resolution go to System Settings Displays The Displays window detects automatically the type of display and shows your display s name size The screen resolution and refresh rate is set to the recommended value by Ubuntu If the recommended settings are not to your liking you can change the same from the Resolution drop down to the resolution of your choice Adding an extra display Sometimes you may want to add more than one display device to your desktop or may want to add an external monitor to your laptop Doing this is quite simple Whether it s an extra monitor LCD TV or a projector Ubuntu can handle it all Ubuntu supports the addition of multiple displays by default which is as easy as plug and play Ubuntu recognizes almost all the latest monitors Tvs and projectors by default Sometimes it may happen that your additional display is not detected when you connect it to the machine To resolve this go to System Settings Displays and click on Detect Displays This will detect the monitors connected to the machine This menu can also be found from the Power Off menu on the top panel You can also search for Displays at the Dash search bar Now there are two modes which you can enable for your displays One option is to spread your desktop across two or more monitors This is particularly useful if you are working on multiple projects
223. ting 67 viewing 66 podcasts 72 presentation application 78 printer 91 add via USB 91 adding via network 91 rebooting 33 Rhythmbox 70 75 140 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Internet radio 72 playing music 71 podcasts 72 scanner 93 troubleshooting 94 screen see display security encryption 114 introduction 110 passwords 111 permissions 110 resetting passwords 116 screen locking 111 system updates 113 Shotwell 66 69 shutting down 33 Shuttleworth Mark 6 slide show see LibreOffice software adding repository 103 104 email 37 finding applications 98 installation history 101 installing 98 100 managing 101 manual installation 104 105 movie players 38 multimedia players 38 music players 38 office suites 37 podcast readers 38 presentation 37 recommendations 101 removing 100 repositories 102 servers 103 spreadsheet 37 video players 38 web browser 37 word processor 37 Software Center 97 sound input 93 output 92 recording 93 troubleshooting 118 volume 92 sound effects 93 spreadsheet 78 start up see boot suspending the computer 33 system requirements 9 terminal about 107 using 108 Thunderbird 55 59 setup 55 torrent Ubuntu image 10 Twitter see Gwibber Ubuntu alternate interfaces 122 123 bootable uss drive 10 definition of 5 derivatives 122 downloading 9 Edubuntu 123 history of 6 installing 11 17 Mythbuntu 123 philosophy of 5
224. tp help ubuntu com To get to the built in Ubuntu best to verify information from third party sources before taking their advice When possi ble rely on official Ubuntu documentation for assistance with Ubuntu Desktop Guide press F1 on your desktop or type yelp in the Dash The Ubuntu Forums The Ubuntu Forums are the official forums of the Ubuntu community Mil lions of Ubuntu users use them daily to seek help and support from one another You can create an Ubuntu Forums account in minutes To create an account and learn more about Ubuntu from community members visit http ubuntuforums org Launchpad Answers Launchpad an open source code repository and user community provides a question and answer service that allows anyone to ask questions about any Ubuntu related topic Signing up for a Launchpad account requires only a few minutes You can ask a question by visiting Launchpad at https answers launchpad net ubuntu addquestion LEARNING MORE 125 Ask Ubuntu Ask Ubuntu is a free community driven website for Ubuntu users and developers Like the Ubuntu Forums it allows users to post questions that other members of the Ubuntu community can answer But Ask Ubuntu also allows visitors to vote on the answers users provide so the most useful or helpful responses get featured more prominently on the site Ask ubuntu is part of the Stack Exchange network of websites and is one of the best Ubuntu support resources
225. tributed throughout the globe it benefits from rapid de velopment cycles and speedy security releases in the event that someone discovers bugs in the software In other words open source software is updated enhanced and made more secure every day as programmers all over the world continue to improve it Aside from these technical advantages open source software also has economic benefits While users must adhere to the terms of an open source licensing agreement when installing and using Ubuntu they needn t pay to obtain this license And while not all open source software is free of monetary costs much is To learn more about open source software see the Open Source Initia tive s open source definition available at http www opensource org docs definition php Proprietary software is software that cannot be copied modified or distributed freely Distribution Families Ubuntu is one of several popular operating systems based on Linux an open source operating system These Linux based operating systems 122 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 called Linux distributions may look different from Ubuntu at first glance but they share similar characteristics because of their common roots Linux distributions can be divided into two broad families the Debian family and the Red Hat family Each family is named for a distribution on which subsequent distributions are based For example Debian refers to both th
226. tu is running from your hard drive The Live pvp usB experience will therefore feel slightly slower than it does when Ubuntu is actually installed on your computer Running Ubuntu from the pvp Uuss is a great way to test things out and allows you to try the default applications browse the Internet and get a general feel for the operating system It s also useful for checking that your computer hardware works properly in Ubuntu and that there are no major compatibility issues To try out Ubuntu using the Live pvp uss stick insert the Ubuntu pvp into your DvD drive or connect the uss drive and restart your computer After your computer finds the Live pvp ussB stick and a quick load ing screen you will be presented with the Welcome screen Using your mouse select your language from the list on the left then click the button Torrents are a way of sharing Files and informa tion around the Internet via peer to peer file sharing A file with the torrent extension is made available to users which is then opened with a compatible program such as uTorrent Deluge or Transmission These programs download parts of the file from other people all around the world While the 64 bit version of Ubuntu is referred to as the AMD64 version it will work on Intel AMD and other compatible 64 bit processors In some cases your computer will not recognize that the Ubuntu DVD or USB is present as it starts up and will start your existing
227. tware sources You can now open the Ubuntu Software Center and install appli cations from this PPA in the same way you previously installed applications from the default Ubuntu repositories Manual software installation Although Ubuntu has extensive software available you may want to man ually install a software packages not available in the repositories If no PPA exists for the software you will need to install it manually Before you choose to do so make sure you trust the package and its maintainer Packages in Ubuntu have a deb extension Double clicking a package will open an overview page in the Ubuntu Software Center which will give you more information about that package Figure 5 10 This is an example of the Launch pad page for the Ubuntu Tweak PPA Ubuntu Tweak is an application that is not available in the official Ubuntu repositories However by adding this PPA to your list of software sources it will be easy to install and update this application through the Software Center SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT 105 The overview provides some technical information about that package a website link if applicable and the option to install Clicking Install will install the package just like any other installation in the Ubuntu Software Center Figure 5 11 Installing deb Files manually using software center Ubuntu Software Center f ubuntu tweak Ubuntu Tweak Only install this file if you trust the orig
228. u When you log back in the Orca settings you selected will automatically run every time you use your computer Session options When you have finished working on your computer you can choose to log out suspend restart or shut down through the Session Indicator on the far right side of the top panel Logging out Logging out will leave the computer running but return you to the login screen This is useful for switching between users such as when a different person wishes to log in to their account or if you are ever instructed to log out and back in again Suspend To save energy you can put your computer into suspend mode which will save its current condition to internal memory power off all devices and allow you to start back up more quickly While in a suspended state the computer will use just a trickle of energy this is required because the ses sion is saved to internal memory and if no power goes to internal memory the data will be lost Rebooting To reboot your computer select Shut Down from the Session Indicator and click on Restart Shut down To totally power down your computer select Shut Down from the Ses sion Indicator and click on Shutdown THE UBUNTU DESKTOP 33 Figure 2 12 Universal allows you to enable extra features to make it easier to use your computer You can also log out by pressing the Ctrl Alt Del keys Before logging out you should always verify y
229. u are using Ubuntu One on Adding Folders to Sync You can add other folders to be synced with your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud not just your Ubuntu One folder You can add folders to be synced through Nautilus by right clicking the folder you would like to sync In the right click menu choose Ubuntu One gt Synchronize This Folder as shown in figure 3 40 You can also stop syncing a folder through the same right click menu Figure 3 40 Use a Folder s right click menu to sync or un sync the folder From your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud Bookmarks Ubuntu One Computer i Desktop i Documents iG Downloads i Music Pictures iBVideos File System trash Downloads Public Videos Network ij Browse Network g Options Ubuntu One rt to o on Synchronize This Folder To view which files on your system are are currently syncing with Ubuntu One open the Ubuntu One Control Panel by clicking the Ubuntu One Launcher icon as shown in figure 3 32 a dialog similar to that in fig ure 3 41 should appear In the Ubuntu One Control Panel you can see which of your folders are synced with your Ubuntu One Personal Cloud You can also add files from here by clicking the Add a folder from this computer button Using Ubuntu One with the Ubuntu One Web UI You can access your files from any computer using the Ubuntu One Web A Web UI User Interface is a web site that you ul at https one ubuntu com When you first
230. u pair two Bluetooth devices you are custom PIN You will need to enter this PIN on the device you will be pairing letting each devicestrust the stherone After you pair two devices they will automatically with Ubuntu connect to each other in the future without Once the device has been paired Ubuntu will open the Setup com requiring a PIN pleted window In Ubuntu your computer is hidden by default for security reasons This means that your Ubuntu system can search other Bluetooth devices but others cannot find your Ubuntu system when they perform a search on their own computer If you would like to let another device find your computer you will have to explicitly allow your computer to be found To allow your computer to be found select Make computer discov erable in Bluetooth preferences You can also click on the Bluetooth icon and select Visible to make your computer discoverable You can also add a fancy name for your Bluetooth enabled Ubuntu sys tem by changing the text under Friendly Name Another feature present in the Bluetooth icon menu is Send files to device Use this option to send a file to a mobile phone without pairing with the computer Android devices need to be paired at all times even while transferring files Bluetooth Settings Figure 4 1 The Bluetooth applet menu 5 Software Management Software management in Ubuntu As discussed in Chapter 3 Working with Ubuntu Ubuntu offer
231. uch as a web browser or a text editor see Chapter 3 Working with Ubuntu for more information on using applications a window will appear on your desktop The windows in Ubuntu are very similar to those in Microsoft Windows or Mac os x Simply stated a window is the box that appears on your screen when you start a program In Ubuntu the top part of a window the titlebar will have the name of the application to the left most often the title will be the name of the application A window will also have three buttons in the top left corner From left to right these buttons represent close minimize window and maximize window Other window management options are available by right clicking anywhere on the title bar Closing maximizing restoring and minimizing windows Figure 2 7 This is the top bar of a window Ubuntu Start Page named titlebar The close minimize and maximize buttons are on the top left corner of To close a window click on the in the upper left corner of the window Window the first button on the left hand side The button immediately to the right of the is the minimize button which removes the window from the visible screen and places it in the Launcher This button doesn t close the application it just hides the application from view When an application is minimized to the Launcher the left side of the icon in the Launcher will display a triangle showing you the application is still running
232. unteer contributors To learn more about i set Canonical go to http www canonical com Learning More for the complete definition of free and could compete 2 P with other mainstream operating systems With the Debian system as a base Shuttleworth began to build Ubuntu Using his own funds at first Debian is the Linux operating system that installation cps were pressed and shipped worldwide at no cost to the Ubuntu is based upon For more information recipients Ubuntu spread quickly its community grew rapidly and soon Ga erence Ubuntu became the most popular Linux distribution available With more people working on the project than ever before its core fea tures and hardware support continue to improve and Ubuntu has gained the attention of large organizations worldwide One of 1Bm s open source operating systems is based on Ubuntu In 2005 the French Police began to transition their entire computer infrastructure to a variant of Ubuntu a process which has reportedly saved them millions of euros in licensing fees for Microsoft Windows By the end of 2012 the French Police antici pates that all of their computers will be running Ubuntu Canonical profits from this arrangement by providing technical support and custom built software While large organizations often find it useful to pay for support services For information on Ubuntu Server Edition and Shuttleworth has promised that the Ubuntu desktop operating sys
233. urio Asturian Chris Woollard British English Daniel Schury German John Xygonakis Greek Shrinivasan Tamil Will Kromer Author Simon Lewis Author Ryan Macnish Author Mez Pahlan Author Vibhav Pant Editor 138 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Brian Peredo Author Tom Swartz Author Joel Pickett Author David Wales Author Kev Quirk Author Chris Woollard Editor Kartik Sulakhe Author Index 32 bit versus 64 bit 9 10 accessibility 32 screen reader 32 Apple see MacBook applications adding and removing 24 presentation see LibreOffice running 23 searching 25 spreadsheet see LibreOffice word processor see LibreOffice audio see sound and music audio playing see Rhythmbox Bluetooth 95 booting troubleshooting 115 camera importing photos 67 Canonical 6 cps and DVDS blanking 76 burning 75 78 codecs 70 copying 77 playing 70 71 ripping 71 cloud storage see Ubuntu One codecs audio 74 video 70 command line see terminal Dash 24 Debian 6 see also Linux desktop background 22 customization 31 appearance 31 background 32 theme 31 go 28 menu bar 22 sharing 62 disk see cbs and DVDs display adding secondary 90 91 changing resolution 90 troubleshooting 118 drivers 89 90 dual booting 13 DVDs and CDs see CDs and DVDS EeePC troubleshooting 119 email see Thunderbird Empathy 59 63 add accounts 59 chatting 60 61 desktop sharing 62
234. user is removed and the user s files re main the only user who can access the files are the root user also known as the superuser or anyone associated with the file s group Managing groups Group management is accomplished through the command line Terminal or by adding third party applications the latter is beyond the scope of this manual You will find more information in the subsection Using the command line below Adding a group To adda group type sudo addgroup groupname and press Enter replacing groupname with the name of the group you wish to add Example sudo addgroup ubuntuusers Modifying a group To alter the users in an existing group type sudo ad duser username groupname adding a user or sudo deluser username Example sudo adduser jdoe ubuntuusers groupname removing a user and press Enter replacing username and Example sudo deluser jdoe ubuntuusers groupname with the user and group name with which you re working Deleting a group To delete a group type sudo delgroup groupname and Example sudo delgroup ubuntuusers press Enter replacing groupname with the name of the group you wish to delete ADVANCED TOPICS 113 Applying groups to files and Folders To change the group associated with a file or folder open the Nautilus file browser and navigate to the appropriate file or folder Then either select the folder and choose File Properties from the menu bar or right click on the file or folder a
235. wall select the Enable option By default all incoming connections are denied This setting should be suitable for most users If you are running server software on your Ubuntu system such as a web server or an FTP server then you will need to open the ports these services use If you are not familiar with servers you will likely not need to open any additional ports To open a port click on the Add button For most purposes the Precon figured tab is sufficient Select Allow from the first box and then select the program or service required The Simple tab can be used to allow access on a single port and the Advanced tab can be used to allow access on a range of ports Encryption You may wish to protect your sensitive personal data for instance finan cial records by encrypting it Encrypting a file or folder essentially locks that file or folder by encoding it with an algorithm that keeps it scrambled until it is properly decoded with a password Encrypting your personal data ensures that no one can open your personal folders or read your private data without your authorization through the use of a private key Ubuntu includes a number of tools to encrypt files and folders This chapter will discuss two of them For further information on using en cryption with either single files or email see Ubuntu Community Help documents at https help ubuntu com community Home folder When installing Ubuntu it is possible to e
236. which you have an account Shown in figure 3 17 we have selected a Google account You must now enter your login credentials and authorize Empathy to access your account Online Accounts All Settings Online Accounts Please authorize Ubuntu to access your Google account Cancel Google Sign in Goc Email john doe org Password EEE soson Cant access your account Terms of Service Privacy Policy Help English United States Legal notice After adding your accounts you can now use Empathy to chat with all of your friends right from your Ubuntu desktop Communicating with contacts Text To communicate with a contact select the contact in Empathy s main win dow and double click their name Empathy should open a new window where you can type messages to your contact and see a record of previously exchanged messages To send a message to the contact enter your message in the text field below the conversation history When you have typed your message press Figure 3 16 Add your existing chat accounts for use in Empathy using the Online Accounts manager Figure 3 17 You must enter your account credentials and authorize Empathy to use your account WORKING WITH UBUNTU 61 Kevin Godby Figure 3 18 Chatting with Friends in Empathy Kevin Godby Kevin Godby 03 52 16 PM I m doing well And ajmontag 03 53 06 PM I m great Have you heard about the Ubuntu Manual Project It is a great resource
237. witcher on the Launcher Press Strg Super bD to hide all window and display the desktop the same works to restore all windows 28 GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU 12 10 Browsing files on your computer There are two ways to locate files on your computer either search for them or access them directly from their folder You can search for a file via the Dash or Files amp Folders in the Launcher You can also use the Files amp Folders tool to access commonly used folders such as Documents Music Downloads as well as most recently accessed files Go To access Go move your mouse over the top bar and select Go The Go menu holds a list of commonly used folders such as Documents Music Downloads and the Home Folder You can browse the files on your com puter by clicking Computer in this menu If you set up a home network you will find a menu item to access shared files or folders Your Home Folder The home folder is used to store your personal files Your home folder matches your login name When you open your personal folder you will see there are several more folders inside including Desktop which con tains any files that are visible on the desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates and Videos These are created automat ically during the installation process You can add more files and folders as needed at any time Nautilus File manager Just as Windows has Windows Explorer and Mac os x has Fi
238. word and keep it secure Getting started with Ubuntu One To use Ubuntu One you will need to create a free Ubuntu One account using an email address This free account gives you access to 5 GB of online storage and the contact syncing service access to more data storage or the music streaming service requires a paid subscription There are two ways to create an Ubuntu One account You can either sign up using the Ubuntu One Control Panel pre installed in Ubuntu or you can sign up on the Ubuntu One website https one ubuntu com by clicking the Sign Up link Creating an Ubuntu One account using the Ubuntu One Control Panel In the Launcher click the Ubuntu One icon as shown in figure 3 32 This should open the dialog shown in figure 3 33 Install Sign in welcome to Ubuntu One Select sync folders Sign me in with my existing account Sync stream share 1 don t have an account yet sign me up Close window and set up later Get help online Talktous Ea Click the I don t have an account yet sign me up button Fill in the details requested as shown in figure 3 34 Make sure you use a valid email address that only you have access to You should review the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy before signing up When you re satisfied click Set Up Account Within a few minutes you will receive an email containing the verifica tion code Enter the verification code into the box as shown in figure 3 35
239. ws By using this repository you assume responsibility for the usage of any packages that you install Source code This repository contains the source code used to build soft ware packages from some of the other repositories The Source code Software Sources Ubuntu Software Other Software Updates Authentication Additional Drivers unknown Unknown This device is not working Using SmartLink software modem daemon from sl modem daemon proprietary Do not use the device No proprietary drivers are in use Reve A gE A proprietary driver has private code that Ubuntu developers can t review or improve Security and other updates are dependent on the driver vendor Close Figure 5 8 The Software Sources program enables you to add remove and manage package repositories The Ubuntu Software tab lists the official Ubuntu repositories each containing different types of packages Closed source packages are sometimes referred to as non free This is a reference to freedom of speech rather than monetary cost Payment is not required to use these packages Building applications from source is an ad vanced process for creating packages and usually only concerns developers You may also require source files when using a custom kernel or if trying to use the latest version of an application before it is released for Ubuntu As this is a more advanced area it will not be covered in this manual Figure 5 9 Drivers can be

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