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Pulsar (EM1000)

1. Port Number Keyword Description 37 TIME Time of day 39 RLP Resource Location Protocol 42 NAMESERVER Host name server 43 NICNAME Whois 53 DOMAIN Domain name server 57 Deprecated 67 BOOTPS Bootstrap protocol server 68 Bootstrap protocol client 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol 75 Any private dial out service 77 Any private RJE service 79 FINGER Finger 80 HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 87 LINK TTY link 95 SUPDUP SUPDUP Protocol 101 HOSTNAME NIC host name server 102 ISO TSAP ISO TSAP 103 X400 ISO Mail 105 CSNET NS CSNET NS 108 POP Post office 109 POP2 Post office 110 POP3 Post office 111 PORTMAP Port map 113 AUTH Authentication service 115 SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol 117 UUCP PATH UUCP path service 119 NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol 123 NTP Network Time Protocol 139 NetBios Session service 144 NEWS News continued 100 Ethernet Networks EM1000 Table H 1 Reserved TCP Port Numbers continued Port Number Keyword Description 153 SGMP Secure Internet Group Management Protocol 158 PC Mail 160 223 Reserved 170 PRINT SRV Network postscript 175 VMNET VM network 400 VMNETO VM network 512 513 LOGIN 514 SHELL 515 PRINTER Line p
2. 46 default settings commands 29 29 Development Kit 14 dimensions base plate 62 1000 esee 61 direct data transfer 118 118 domain 46 domainslist 46 dfOop 46 dropsentinels 46 dsrmode 47 dEr Seeks 48 DWN EM 29 1000 eCho een 48 editing DOS files 72 editor 115 EM1000 external dimensions 61 established 48 Ethernet networks 12 exltoicoueestB WENDEN 48 F 4 13 firewall 28 flow control 26 106 frequently asked questions 113 ETPD itae nente 82 G gateway 29 48 ground strap sss 21 H hielp unseren 49 hostdataport 49 117 118 49 7 hostname 49 hoststateport 50 install 81 install new firmware via FTP 81 82 via XMODEM protocol 80 installation advice 21 IP addressable controller card
3. 37 49 37 FTPD EXE 220000005000 81 EXE 37 92 inserting comment lines 74 installing new firmware 79 117 LISTEN BAT 37 66 68 LISTEN CEG 37 5 37 NE2000 COM 37 STARTUP BAT 37 UP COM sanoina 37 48 49 50 87 editing sonos 72 software upgrades 117 wn ICE 56 EM1000 specifications electrical and mechanical 60 SPY 56 111 57 58 T 53 target name 52 target 54 TCP IP ports 116 TCP IP protocol 114 TCP Wedge 118 Telnet 48 86 115 119 restricted commands 86 sample session 87 temperature rating 114 test network via Ethernet crossover cable 66 via Ethernet hub 68 timeout siue 43 troubleshooting 109 flow control 109 111 07 111 Hyperterminal 116 1 esses 110 packetization 109 twisted wire pair
4. 56 SPY 56 1 statistics 57 Verbose 58 111 VELSION 58 OPTIONS ice eere 115 packetization bufferlength GUERRE 32 42 109 111 buffertimeout 43 109 111 46 dropsentinels 46 Length 42 50 1 55 timeout 32 43 115 allowedname 42 allowedport 42 allowedremotename 44 allowedremoteport 45 46 domainslist 46 Index 1 commands TCP IP continued 48 hostdataport 49 117 118 hostip 49 117 hostname 46 49 hoststateport 50 local_dataport 49 99 local_stateport 50 localstateport 118 my 49 99 117 118 nameserver 50 netmask 51 19 remotedataport P 45 51 53 90 remotename Wen 45 46 51 52 90 118 remoteport 53 118 remoteretry 53 remotestateport aS 45 51 54 118 remotetimeout 54 target 53 99
5. Pulsar 1000 Ethernet Modem User s Manual 001025 6 Pulsar EM1000 User s Manual Part Number 019 0066 001025 Printed in U S A Copyright 1999 Z World Inc All rights reserved Z World reserves the right to make changes and improvements to its products without providing notice Trademarks Dynamic and Dynamic Cx86 are trademarks of Z World Inc Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation e PLCBus is a trademark of Z World Hayes Smart Modem isa registered trademark of Hayes Microcom puter Products Inc Notice to Users When a system failure may cause serious consequences protecting life and property against such consequences with a backup system or safety device is essential The buyer agrees that protection against consequences resulting from system failure is the buyer s responsibility This device is not approved for life support or medical systems Z World products are 100 percent functionally tested Additional testing may include visual quality control inspections or mechanical defects analyzer inspections Specifications are based on characterization of tested sample units rather than testing over temperature and voltage of each unit Z World may qualify components to operate within a range of parameters that is different from the manufacturer s recommended range This strategy is believed to be more economical and effective Additional test
6. 1000 Telnet 85 Windows is shipped with a Telnet package that allows you to access reconfigure the EM1000 from a remote location Telnet packages are also available with other operating systems 1 From the Telnet window click on OPEN then select REMOTE SYSTEM 2 Type the IP address of the destination EM1000 in the HOSTNAME box Click on TELNET port and terminal type VT100 Click on the CONNECT button 3 You will see a short message and a request to enter your password if the EM1000 was configured to require a password Enter your password Telnet should display a version number message followed by the EM1000 lt prompt The EM1000 may now be reconfigured in the same way as when a terminal or PC is connected directly to the CONSOLE port P Tip 86 Telnet The exit command is not available in a Telnet session Al though Telnet sessions with an EM1000 using firmware dated before March 27 2000 were not able to handle gateway my_ip and netmask care must still be exercised when using these commands with later versions of the firmware since the Telnet session will be lost when changes are made It will be necessary to re establish a new Telnet session to the new IP address If you need to power up the EM1000 with the new values re establish a new Telnet session then type show gt DWN EM lt return gt at the EM1000 gt prompt This allows the current configura tion settings to override the prior DWN
7. Ifyou occasionally get lock ups and none of the above remedies work try to correlate the lockup with another event For example if the Ethernet cable is routed near an arc welder which is only used occa sionally this may cause difficulties occasionally Or perhaps the power supply to the EM1000 is shared with another device and when that device glitches it transmits the glitch to the EM1000 Ground the EM1000 enclosure to a reliable earth ground This will prevent noise from nearby devices from radiating into the EM1000 and potentially causing problems When you are done debugging turn off the spy and also the verbose modes if you are not using the responses in an automated system Note that there are three spy settings and three verbose settings one each for the COM1 RS 232 port the CONSOLE port and the Telnet port The settings for each port can only be changed from that port EM1000 Operating Tips 1 Blank 112 Operating Tips EM1000 APPENDIX J FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS EM1000 Frequently Asked Questions 113 Is any programming required to use the Ethernet Modem A No programming is required The EM1000 is normally configured using a terminal connected temporarily to the CONSOLE port In those cases where the EM1000 is a master in a point to multipoint arrange ment then the attached device will need to send some simple text based commands to the EM1000 Demo programs are available to demons
8. 10 The RS 232 device reconfigures the COM1 RS 232 port to the configu ration mode by pulling gpio to ground 11 The RS 232 device sends a close command to close the connection Refer to the Z World Web site at http www zworld com for sample Dynamic C programs that provide more details for specific Z World controllers Repeat steps 4 11 changing the destination address in Step 5 as needed 36 Configuration Reference EM1000 Software Description The software is based on a DOS operating system with internal flash memory used for drives A and B The data on drive A are read only and consist of system files The B drive contains the EM1000 operating software startup files and configuration files shown in Table 3 2 The only files that can should be modified by the user are DWN EM and WATTCP Table 3 2 EM1000 Configuration and Operating Files File Description User Modifiable Files DWN EM Working configuration file CFG Working IP settings file Fixed Files When executed makes ACTIVE CFG and ACTIVE BAT ACTIVE EM the working WATTCP CFG and DWN files used only during initial checkout ACTIVE Default IP settings for active mode used only during initial checkout Default configuration settings for active mode ACTIVE EM used during initial checkout EDIT Used to edit DWN and WATTCP CFG ETHERCOM
9. 110 U upgrades via FTP 81 82 via XMODEM protocol 80 EM1000 V verbose 58 111 version consigue 58 WATTCP CEG 29 30 X XDOS commands 75 iii teeta 75 75 neues 76 date uda eee 76 del 76 ihn 76 76 76 76 76 7 i M TI ren4 cosgaauiesogenus 77 77 tine 77 tYDe cnasssgu ey PEN TI 7 1 E eggs ai 77 Index 125 Blank 126 Index 0 Z WORLD Z World Inc 2900 Spafford Street Davis California 95616 6800 USA Telephone 530 757 3737 Facsimile 530 753 5141 Web Site http www zworld com E Mail zworld gzworld com Part No 019 0066 001025 C Printed in U S A
10. 29 parity uo gc gU M 51 51 PING ein Sheets 52 pinout 6011 85 232 25 24 Ethernet port 25 port addressing 117 power cycle sn 119 power supply connections 18 programming 114 programming cable 19 21 28 R remote network management tools 117 remotedataport 53 remotename 52 118 remoteport 53 118 remoteretry 53 124 Index remotestateport 54 118 remotetimeout 54 TESOL een 21 28 LOSOLVE 54 ies atat 115 jouent ed ood 54 rtsmode ere 55 rubber feet installation 63 5 1 55 setup 1000 19 EM1010 19 terminal emulation program 18 20 STOW 56 signal flow control signals 92 93 rere iah 92 93 signal levels 116 SONWALE ics tene Vina 15 ACTIVE BAT 37 67 69 ACTIVE CEG 37 37 archiving 2222 74
11. EM1000 Overview 15 Blank 16 Overview EM1000 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED Chapter 2 provides instructions for connecting the EM1000 to a host PC and demonstrating that the unit is working The following sections are included Initial EM1000 Setup Connecting the Modem to a Host PC EM1000 Getting Started 17 Initial EM1000 Setup Parts Required 9 V 32 V DC 2 0 W unregulated DC power supply DE9 male to DE9 female programming cable EM1000 OR 10 pin header connector to DE9 female programming cable EM1010 Power Supply Connections The EM1000 15 configured di CTL Ej rectly through its RS 232 CON DCIN SOLE port Before proceeding GND further first connect the bare 485 E wires from the AC adapter to the DCIN and GND terminals of the Hie power connector as shown in Fig ure 2 1 Do not plug the AC adapter in until you are instructed Figure 2 1 Power Supply Connections to do so to AC adapter 6206888 If a power supply other than the AC adapter supplied with the Developer s Kit is used ensure that the input voltage specifi cations 9 V to 32 V DC are not exceeded Appendix A contains complete specifications for the EM1000 Connecting the Modem to a Host PC 1 Call up a terminal emulation program such as Windows HyperTerminal on your PC Select an available COM port on the PC and set the terminal emulation program to the following parameters
12. target name 52 99 target stateport 54 configmode 44 configuration changing remote EM1000 configuration 34 neos 36 6 6 1 232 23 28 default parameter settings 29 DWN EM file 29 IP address 30 logic level signals 26 modem operating parameters 28 ODtlODS 26 packetization options 31 RS 232 3 wire listen mode 33 RS 232 3 wire 33 RS 232 5 wire activate remote DER 35g 34 122 Index configuration continued link tette 34 RS 232 5 wire RTS CTS flow ceteris 34 WATTCP CFG file 29 30 changing parameters 30 29 29 netmask 29 44 connections 222222 22 27 AC 18 EM1000 to 19 EM1010 to 19 ground strap 21 power supply 18 20 D daisy chain hookups 114 data integrity 2 22 2 2 2222 4 26 data transfer line breaks 108 loss of data 107 108 data 1 117
13. Baud rate 9600 Data bits 8 Parity none Stop bits 1 These parameters are used only for the setup and programming connec tion through the CONSOLE port and do not affect the baud rate through the COM1 RS 232 data port or other COM1 parameters A See Chapter 3 Configuration Reference for information on how to set the COM1 RS 232 parameters 2 Click OK in the HyperTerminal application once the above parameters have been set 18 Getting Started EM1000 3 Connect the female DE9 connector of the programming cable to the selected PC COM port Connect the other end to the modem as explained below EM1000 Connect the male DE9 connector of the programming cable to the CONSOLE connector on the back of the EM1000 as shown in Figure 2 2 z WORLD L 9 ETHERNET comtR Figure 2 2 EM1000 Programming and Power Connections EM1010 Connect the 10 pin serial header connector of the program ming cable to header J2 as shown in Figure 2 3 Be sure to have the marked side of the programming cable in line with pin 1 of header J2 Figure 2 3 EM1010 Programming and Power Connections The 10 pin serial header connector used for the EM1010 is not keyed and can be placed offset Be careful to place the connector completely on header J2 as shown in Figure 2 3 EM1000 Getting Started 19 4 Connect the power connector to the mo
14. EM file contents A Telnet password is recommended to prevent unauthorized reconfiguration of the EM1000 EM1000 Sample Telnet Session Before starting you may need to get the IP address from your network administrator The WATTCP CFG file will have to be reconfigured as described in Appendix C Handling DOS Files to establish the EM1000 s IP address 1 Connect the EM1000 to a terminal or a PC running a terminal emula tion program as explained in Chapter 2 Getting Started and apply power 2 Type exit return to get the B gt prompt 3 Type copy listen em dwn em return 4 Push the RESET button for 5 seconds then release it to return to the EM1000 lt prompt 5 Connect the EM1000 to an existing Ethernet network using a standard Ethernet patch cable connected to the RJ 45 ETHERNET port 6 Open a Telnet connection on a PC that has Ethernet access Use the IP address for the Telnet HOSTNAME Select the TELNET port and VT100 emulation Click on the CONNECT button 7 Telnet should display a version number message followed by the EM1000 gt prompt Type help to see list of the available com mands This confirms that the EM1000 is connected to the Ethernet and is at the correct IP address Exit the Telnet session EM1000 Telnet 87 Blank 88 Telnet EM1000 F ArPENDIx SENDING E MAIL EM1000 Sending E Mail 89 The 1000 can be used to send outg
15. EXE Main executable file uses DWN EM to configure EM1000 Web update that allows future firmware updates to be FTPD EXE done via FTP When executed makes LISTEN CFG and LISTEN BAT LISTEN EM the working WATTCP CFG and DWN EM files used only during initial checkout LISTEN CFG Default IP settings for listen mode used only during initial checkout Default configuration settings for Listen mode LISTEN EM PEE used during initial checkout NE2000 COM Ethernet packet driver STARTUP BAT Sets initial operating conditions for the EM1000 and invokes ETHERCOM EXE on power up or reset UP COM EM1000 Used to transfer configuration files or future upgrades of other files from a PC to the EM1000 using the Xmodem protocol Configuration Reference 37 Blank 38 Configuration Reference EM1000 4 Chapter 4 describes the commands and their parameters used to program the EM1000 The following sections are included CHAPTER 4 COMMANDS Categories Command Context Descriptions EM1000 Commands 39 Categories The commands associated with the EM1000 fall into five categories and are listed below 1 Interactive Commands close dtr echo established exit help location open password ping resolve rts show source spy statistics verbose version 2 Hardware Setup Commands baud configmode databits parity stopbits 3 Flow Control Commands dsr
16. When I power cycle my RS 232 device the EM1000 locks up A Your COM1 RS 232 handshake signals are probably not hooked up properly If you were communicating data successfully before the lock up then your transmit and receive lines are probably OK pins 2 and 3 on COM1 RS 232 However your other signals may not be hooked up correctly If you attach an in line LED mini tester all the signal lines should be ON or OFF red LED or green LED If you have any LEDs that are off or very weakly red or green you may have an incorrect hookup EM1000 Frequently Asked Questions 119 I want to use a protocol such as XMODEM or ZMODEM to transmit data from one EM1000 to the other You may need to look at the timing details of the protocol you want to use and tweak the packetization parameters in both EM1000s Gener ally from testing done at Z World it appears that the ZMODEM protocol is the most efficient when using the default paramaters bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 2 and that 9600 bps is the best baud rate to use Depending on the type of equipment you are transmitting and receiving from your results may be better at different baud rates or using different protocols If you do not have ZMODEM available then try using XMODEM CRC The throughput seems to be about half that of ZMODEM and there is a significant lag on startup 120 Frequently Asked Questions EM1000 accessories cable 15 Dev
17. t current time stored by DOS The current date stored by DOS p current directory v The version of DOS being used n The default drive g The character gt 1 The character lt b The character q character character _ Carriage return plus line feed ren Renames a file Synatx ren D path filename ext filename ext rd rmdir Deletes a subdirectory Synatx rd D pathor rmdir D path time Displays or changes the current DOS time Synatx time hh mm ss xx type Displays the contents of a file Syntax type D path filename ext ver Displays the DOS version number Syntax ver vol Displays the volume label of specified drive Syntax vol D EM1000 Handling DOS Files 77 Blank 78 Handling DOS Files EM1000 Appenpix D INSTALLING New FIRMWARE Two options are now available to install new firmware on the EM1000 via the XMODEM protocol when the EM1000 is connected to a terminal or to a PC running a terminal emulation program via FTP over the existing Ethernet connection to the EM1000 EM1000 Installing New Firmware 79 Via XMODEM Protocol To install new software have the terminal emulation program running on your PC with the PC connected to the CONSOLE port of the EM1000 as explained in Chapter 2 Getting Started Before proceeding with these steps you must the new software on the PC that is being connected to the EM1000 T
18. 79 Via XMODEM Protocol essere 80 Mia ETP etta tr EORR DIDI rt 81 Install iie ENS REPRE enu 81 Install Future Firmware Releases 82 Appendix E Telnet 85 Sample Telnet Session essere 87 Appendix F Sending E Mail 89 iv Table of Contents EM1000 Appendix Data and Signal Flow Appendix H Ethernet Networks Wiring an Ethernet Network TCP IP Ports Industrial Network Concerns Appendix Operating Tips Lock Up with High Data Rates or Noisy RS 232 Lines RTS DTR Pass Through Mode and Line Breaks Troubleshooting Hints Appendix J Frequently Asked Questions Index EM1000 Table of Contents v Blank vi Table of Contents EM1000 THis MANUAL This manual provides instructions for installing testing configuring and interconnecting the Z World EM1000 Ethernet modem using DOS commands Assumptions Assumptions are made regarding the user s knowledge and experience in the following areas e Ability to design and engineer the target system that the controller used with the EM1000 Understanding of the basics of operating a software program and editing files under Windows on a PC Knowledge of basic Intel assembly language and architecture for controllers with an Intel 386 EX processor For documentation from Intel refer to the following texts Inte M386 EX Embedded Microprocessor User s Manual Intel M386 SX Microprocessor Programm
19. I have an EM1000 connected to only 1 other I can t make it communicate over the Ethernet A Be sure your PC has an IP address assigned If this is a virgin PC try setting the IP address to 10 10 10 20 and netmask to 255 255 255 0 This is done in the control panel network protocols TCPIP screens Then reboot your computer If you have pulled the PC off a running Ethernet network or intend to put it back on an existing network check with your system administrator before changing the IP address and netmask Q How can I remotely close an open link to the EM1000 A Situations may occur where a data link has been established to the EM1000 and you wish to break the link manually For example a device establishes a connection to an EM1000 that is in the listen mode Then the device is supposed to do its business and drop the link but it actually fails to drop the link You can drop the link manually by Telnetting into the EM1000 setting connect request then close Then set the connect mode back to connect demand Q I can t seem to Telnet to the host data port of my EM1000 A During debugging it is sometimes convenient to Telnet not to the actual Telnet port in the EM1000 but to the data port default 8888 of the EM1000 This way your Telnet session will show directly what the device attached to the remote EM1000 is sending into the serial port However for this to work the EM1000 must be set to connect demand Q
20. application A Yes The EM1000 can be made to first establish a connection to a remote address communicate data drop that connection then establish a connection to a totally different remote address To reprogram the modem on the fly for this type of operation it is necessary that the attached device either have a second serial port or a controllable DTR line from serial port connected to the COM1 RS 232 port of the modem or an available digital output that can connect to the CTL line of the modem Q Can I use logic level signals with the modem instead of RS 232 level signals A Yes Onboard jumpers allow the COM1 RS 232 port to be set for either logic levels or RS 232 levels Q I need an IP Addressable Controller Card Does Z World have such a thing A Yes The combination of a Z World controller plus the EM1000 provides this capability Q Does the EM1000 support standard TCP IP ports A Yes The EM1000 can be set up to transmit to and receive from any TCP IP port getting gibberish on my Hyperterminal display and the baud rate and other settings are correct What do I need to do A Try selecting a different font in Hyperterm On initial use Hyperterm will sometimes not use the font that it says is actually in use and you need to change the font in order to get it to work properly When using Hyperterm it may also be necessary to save baud rate changes or even exit the program and re enter afte
21. default for bits is 1 verbose enabled on true yes disabled off false no The verbose command enables the display of additional informative messages through the CONSOLE port the COM1 RS 232 port when it is used as a command port or through the Telnet port The three ports are configured separately To set verbose on these ports it is necessary to actually set the value from that port For example if you are in a Telnet session and you type verbose on then the verbose mode is activated for the Telnet port This has no effect on the other ports The CONSOLE port is configured either from the DWM file or by an interactive command The COM1 RS 232 port can be configured only when it is used as a command port it is not possible to use the DWN EM file to configure verbose to be enabled on the COM1 RS 232 port The Telnet is configured exclusively through a Telnet session The enabled on true and yes parameters are synonyms for enabling the display The disabled off false and no parameters are synonyms for disabling the display The default for verbose is disabled which causes the additional informative information not to be displayed Turning verbose on may slow down the EM1000 performance version The version command displays the version number of the applica tion 58 Commands 1000 APPENDIX A SPECIFICATIONS Appendix A provides comprehensive EM1000 physical electronic and environmental s
22. filename by a period Commands cd chdir Changes the current directory Syntax D path or chdir D path EM1000 Handling DOS Files 5 Copies a file combines two or more files into one file or transfers data between files and DOS devices Syntax copy D path filename ext switches D path filename ext switches D path filename ext switches Switches v verify the contents of new file a copy file in ASCII format b copy file in binary format date Displays or changes the current DOS date Syntax DATE mm dd yyyy del erase Deletes erases one or more files from a disk Syntax del D path filename ext or erase D path filename ext dir Lists directory entries Syntax dir D path filename ext switches Switches a display file attributes b sort by file size in bytes d sort entries by date and time display entries by alphabetic file name order n display entries in directory order do not sort s include system and hidden files in output h display this Help screen any invalid key md mkdir Creates a subdirectory Syntax D pathormkdir D path path Specifies directories that DOS is to search when trying to locate executable files Syntax path D path D path 76 Handling DOS Files EM1000 prompt Sets the DOS system prompt Synatx PROMPT text Text Resulting Character s
23. flow The RTS CTS signals are used to control flow between the EM1000 and the RS 232 device attached to the COM1 RS 232 port f lowcontrol is a synonym for flow passthrough The passthrough mode is intended to make a transparent connection for the RTS CTS signal pair The CTS signal is passed through the network to the remote unit via the state connection The remote unit sets its own RTS signal to the same state as the local EM1000 CTS Likewise the remote unit will send the EM1000 state information via the state connection whenever it detects a change on its CTS signal The local EM1000 will then use the remote s CTS state to configure its own RTS signal disabled The CTS signal is not used and is ignored The RTS signal is initially high but can be changed via the rts command off no and false are synonyms for disabled The default dsrmode is disabled which causes the COM1 RS 232 CTS signal to be ignored sentinels decimall decimal2 1 The sentinels command changes the buffering strategy for the COM1 RS 232 port The buffering strategy attempts to reduce overall network utilization by buffering data until sufficient bytes are received to warrant a network transmission The sentinels command causes the EM1000 to monitor the data and search for characters that will EM1000 Commands 55 trigger a flush of the buffered data The decimal parameters specify characters that trigger buffer flushes Additionally the dropsentin
24. for my ip the file recognizes only my ip If you are using a DNS nameserver then there will be up to three additional lines as follows Line 3 modified for your network is required lines 4 and 5 are optional 3 nameserver 10 10 10 254 4 domainslist mycompany com 5 hostname testl 4 Change the parameters as advised by your network administrator 5 Save the file 6 Push the RESET button for 5 seconds then release the button to get the modem command prompt lt See Appendix C Handling DOS Files for more information on editing a file Ti Write down the IP address of the modem on a label that is p attached to the modem A Telnet session can be used to check the operation of the EM1000 in a network using the IP parameters set according to the above steps Gr See Appendix E Telnet for a sample Telnet session 30 Configuration Reference EM1000 Packetization Options In most cases the default values for packetization options bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 2 should work well The default values allow for data to be sent from the EM1000 when data from the serial port stop for a short period of time which applies to most situations The packetization options need to be considered only if the default bufferlength or timeout need to be changed The attached RS 232 device sends in a stream of data to the COM1 RS 232 port on the EM1000 The user must select how to break up the s
25. gt 4 Type ctrl 2 lt 5 Type LO to display the file starting at line 0 The display will show my 10 10 2 195 gateway 10 10 2 137 netmask 255 255 255 0 netmask 255 255 255 102 6 Type d2 lt return gt at the gt gt prompt to delete line 2 7 Type LO to display the file starting at line 0 The display will show my 10 10 2 195 gateway 10 10 2 137 netmask 255 255 255 102 8 Type s lt return gt at the gt gt prompt to save the revised file The display will show WATTCP CFG 1 File s copied File Saved B gt Press the RESET button for 5 seconds then release it to return to the EM1000 lt prompt if needed EM1000 Handling DOS Files 3 General Considerations When editing a file it is possible to put comments in the file by putting a or at the beginning of the line It is a good idea to archive the setup files DWN and WATTCP CFG 1 Type down at the B gt prompt 2 Send the files via Xmodem on the terminal emulation program to the attached PC Since each EM1000 will have different configuration files it is a good idea to archive the files separately in a secure loca tion 74 Handling DOS Files EM1000 XDOS Command Reference When the EM1000 application is not being run the EM1000 is in DOS mode The EM1000 uses XDOS a compact operating system for embed ded applications The XDOS command structure is nearly identical to MS PC DOS version 3 3 Th
26. in this chapter established The established command displays the connection state for the data state and Telnet connections exit The exit command terminates the application The exit command is not available from a Telnet session gateway ipaddress The gateway command is used to change the default gateway for network packet routing The ipaddress parameter can be supplied but the normal way for configuring gateway is with the WATTCP CFG file The default gateway is configured via the WATTCP CFG file 48 Commands 1000 help regexp The help command is used to display a short on line description of each command The regexp argument is a regular expression that can be used to restrict the help text to matching commands The regular expression syntax consists of asterisk question mark open square bracket closed square bracket 1 and carrot characters The syntax for regular expression matching follows Matches any sequence of characters Matches any single character Matches any character in the group Matches any character not in the group hostip ipaddress my ip ipaddress The hostip command is used to change the IP address of the EM1000 The ipaddress parameter can be changed from the command line or it can be included in the DWN EM file The normal way for configuring hostip is with the WATTCP CFG file my ipisasynonym for hostip The default my ip i
27. is complete The transfer should take less than 20 seconds At this point FTPD is still running the EM1000 and another transfer session could be established if desired 9 Reset the EM1000 by presssing the RESET button for 5 seconds once all the new firmware 15 uploaded 10 At the lt prompt type exit lt return gt The EM1000 will display the DOS prompt B gt 11 Type filename lt return gt where filename is the name given to the self extracting archive in Step 7 You will be prompted for a Y N response for each file to be overwritten from the self extracting archive Ti p If you are sure that you wish all the files to be overwritten type filename o lt return gt 12 To recover the files saved in Step 3 type copy b bin up com b up com lt return gt To recover the files saved in Step 4 type copy b bin dwn em b dwn em lt return gt copy b bin wattcp cfg b wattcp cfg lt return gt If directed by the README TXT file edit the WATTCP CFG file and the DWN EM files The new version of the firmware is now installed Press the RESET button for 5 seconds and then release it to return to the EM1000 prompt The FTPD firmware can also be used to list directory contents and delete files Note that not all the FTP functions are implemented in the FTPD firmware in order to minimize flash memory use EM1000 Installing New Firmware 83 Blank 84 Installing New Firmware EM1000 Appenpix TELNET
28. length and does not use sentinel charac ters or if you wish to send pure binary data then you must use the time based option the other options rarely work in this case The time based option also provides a fallback in other cases where data will eventually get sent even if the expected fixed number of characters is not sent to the EM1000 or if the expected sentinel characters are missing or get trashed If your transmitting device sends sentinel characters such as lt CR gt then EM1000 Configuration Reference 31 you could use lt CR gt as a sentinel character to trigger the packet transmis sion Even if this is done you may also elect to send the accumulated data after a timeout value in the event that a noise burst trashes the CR or the incoming data are interrupted prior to the CR being sent Sentinel characters cannot generally be used when binary data are being transmit ted If your transmitting device sends a data packet with a fixed number of characters then you have the option of using the bufferlength param eter This option should be used in conjunction with the timeout option so that the data packet does eventually get sent in its entirety even though a character is somehow missed the first time Where pure binary data are being sent no sentinel characters and the data length is not uniform then the only viable option is timeout If the transmitting device can send the data in a
29. node on the net work The EM1000 basically takes what comes in the serial port and transmits it without regard to the data format or conversion of the data To lessen the amount of time the EM1000 is actually transmitting on the Eth ernet the incoming serial data are packetized The packetization is con trolled by setup parameters relating to the idle time between characters on the serial port the receipt of some predefined sentinel characters or a fixed number of bytes being received by the serial port or a combination of all three techniques Packetization is discussed later in this chapter The modem handles most higher level protocols such as Xmodem in a transparent fashion if the packetization parameters are set up correctly for that protocol Serial data are not sent to the remote node on the network while the COM1 RS 232 port has been placed in a configuration mode with the DSR or CTL signals Some protocols such as Zmodem might not work over TCP IP network because of latency timeout issues Open Connections The EM1000 can establish a connection only to one other EM1000 or other Ethernet device at one time For example if a third EM1000 on network tries to establish a connection with two EM1000s that are already connected then the third EM1000 could time out LEDs The EM1000 has four LEDs on its front panel shown in Figure 3 5 There 15 a logical hierarchy to the operation of the LEDs W
30. operate correctly Most of the parameters default to states that will work in a typical situation Setting Modem Operating Parameters Before proceeding further it is essential to get the necessary information about your IP parameters from your network administrator Your setup should be verified by the network administrator before any configuring is done or before the EM1000 is connected to an existing operational network Test and debug your EM1000 configuration off line unconnected to an existing network to insure that your configuration works correctly This will instill confidence that your configuration will work when connected to a network and will reduce the possibility of a network interruption 0 Appendix Two Modem Test Setup provides examples of a test network to check your configuration Be sure that all EM1000s are connected on the same side of any firewall or ensure that the firewall will allow your particular combinations of IP and port addresses to pass through 28 Configuration Reference EM1000 Configuration Settings There are two configuration files that store configuration settings for the 1000 and DWN EM WATTCP CFG should contain three lines only one each for my_ip gateway and netmask DWN EM contains all the other configuration settings DWN EM can also override the settings in the file Table 3 1 lists the default settings for the para
31. or a data throughput mode When dsrmode is set to configselect the DSR signal is used to determine if the COM1 RS 232 port is in a command mode or a data throughput mode The configmode command must also be set to dsr to operate with the configselect parameter disabled The DSR signal is not used and is ignored The DTR signal is initially high but can be changed via the dtr command off no and alse are synonyms for disabled The default dsrmode is disabled which causes the COM1 RS 232 DSR signal to be ignored EM1000 Commands 47 dtr enabled on true yes disabled off false no The dtr command is used to change the state of the COM1 DTR output signal The DTR signal can be set high or low The DSR DTR pair of signals is used for various purposes and is configured via the dsrmode command The EM1000 will respond correctly to changes in the DTR signal only when dsrmode is configured to be disabled Any other parameter configurations can cause improper operation of the EM1000 enabled on true and yes are synonyms for setting DTR high disabled off false and no are synonyms for setting DTR low The default for dtr is enabled which causes the DTR signal to be high echo argl arg2 The echo command displays each of its arguments on a separate line It can be useful for debugging command scripts It is not normally used outside of a source file Refer to the description of the source command later
32. rate causes the COM1 RS 232 port to be reconfigured which may cause the loss of characters being sent or received at that time Exercise care when setting rate since it is possible to enter values other than the standard 1200 bps 2400 bps 19 200 bps The EM1000 will try to use the rate that was set The default rate is 19 200 bps bufferlength count length count The bufferlength command specifies the minimum number of data bytes to accumulate before a packet transmission is scheduled The actual packets have a length between bufferlength and maxpacket inclusive A higher data throughput results in larger packets If bufferlength is set higher than maxpacket the effect will be the same as if bufferlength was equal to maxpacket This buffering strategy attempts to reduce overall network utilization by buffering data until sufficient bytes are received to warrant a network transmission The count parameter specifies the number of bytes buffered before a network transmission occurs Data received on the COM1 RS 232 port are buffered until count bytes are received then a network packet is transmitted count is any number between 0 and 1024 42 Commands EM1000 length is a synonym for bufferlength The default count is 0 and causes each byte received to be transmitted in its own network packet The buffering strategy is also affected by the buffertimeout and sentinels commands Each buffering strategy command operates in
33. than the value in buffertimeout where 0 55 ms 2 55 110 ms etc Use hardware flow control if your serial device supports it Activating hardware flow control allows the EM1000 to halt data flow from the RS 232 device temporarily perhaps because the EM1000 has not been able to establish a link to the remote device or because of heavy Ethernet traffic Ethernet networks can be heavily loaded which means that data that your serial devices sends through the EM1000 may not get to the other end immediately If your serial device continues to send data to the EM1000 even though the last packet has not been sent yet from the EM1000 over the Ethernet then it may overflow the serial receive buffer and you will lose data or perhaps cause a lock up The serial RS 232 buffer is 512 bytes long In addition to the hardware signals being hooked up To use flow control you need to hook up the hardware RTS CTS signals and remember to set rtsmode flow in the DWN EM file Depending on the type of flow control you are using be sure that you do not accidentally have RTS or DTR both are outputs on the EM1000 tied to an RS 232 output on the attached device Be sure that you do not have CTS DSR or DCD all inputs tied to an RS 232 input on the attached device Failure to do so will probably result in EM1000 lock up when the attached device is power cycled EM1000 Operating Tips 109 Ifyou not using flow control be sure that the CTS is
34. the EM1000 The ipmask parameter can be changed from the command line or it can be included DWN file The normal way for configuring netmask is with the WATTCP CFG file The default is for netmask to be configured via the file open The open command attempts to established data and state connections The following actions occur for the connections configured via the connect command listen demand Nothing The open command has no meaning in this context active Nothing The open command has no meaning in this context request The 1000 will attempt to establish a connection The remotename command is used to configure the IP address of the remote connection The remotedataport command is used to configure the port for the remote data connection The remotestateport command is used to configure the port for the remote state connection parity none even odd The parity command establishes the parity in each byte for the COM1 RS 232 port Changing the parity causes the COM1 RS 232 port to be reconfigured which may cause the loss of characters being sent or received at that time The default parity is none password text The password command establishes a password for Telnet sessions The text argument is the new password Once a Telnet session is established and the EM1000 is configured for a password the Telnet session will prompt for the password before allowing any comman
35. tied to RTS both on the EM1000 COM1 RS 232 port and be sure that DTR is tied to both DSR and DCD all three signals on the EM1000 COM1 RS 232 port Failure to do so may result in EM1000 lock up over some period of time If you suspect that this is happening you can put the CONSOLE port or the Telnet port into spy mode If you see a bunch of M characters intermixed with the data or after the data have stopped then you may have crosstalk a short circuit between connector pins or a misconnected wire e Ifyou are not using hardware flow control then make sure you don t send too much data or send data so fast that you overflow the COM1 RS 232 receive input buffer Failure to do this will result in lost characters and possibly lock up If you still encounter problems try dropping the baud rates of both the attached device and the EM1000 Ifyou cannot use flow control then consider having an end to end acknowledgment of some sort Your serial device would send a packet of information to the EM1000 followed by a time gap When buffertimeout expires the EM1000 tries to send the data When the data eventually reach the other end eventually because Ethernet timing is somewhat unpredictable then the receiving device sends a short message back to the transmitting serial device saying that it got the last packet and it s OK to for the serial device to send the next packet Ifyou cannot use flow control or have end to end ackno
36. to 115 200 bps divided by an integer 4800 bps is 115 200 bps 24 therefore the next higher speed above 4800 bps is 115 200 bps 23 or about 5009 bps EM1000 Operating Tips 107 RTS DTR Pass Through Mode and Line Breaks The latest firmware sends modem and line status signals at a lower priority than the data Not all transitions will be sent The original firmware would attempt to send all transitions This was not satisfactory since the modem control signals could toggle faster than the nominal data rate which would cause data to be lost Now transitions are only sent when sufficient bandwidth is available Not all transitions are sent For example if DSR is dropped then raised within the space of a few data bytes the corresponding transitions may not be communicated to the peer Notwithstanding this it is still important to prevent the modem control lines from varying rapidly certainly not more than once per data byte to avoid overloading the EM1000 s processor Line breaks if detected are transmitted to the peer device at a maximum rate of once every 600 ms This is because the generated break condition lasts for 500 ms The 100 ms difference is provided for latency and other factors The device that originates the break condition may not follow the RS 232 standard and generate a short break less than 250 ms In this case if the device starts transmitting data immediately after the break then some of this data may b
37. 0 will continue to try until a successful connection is established If a connection is estab lished and then is closed sometime in the future the EM1000 will make an immediate attempt to re establish the connection The remotename command is used to configure the IP address of the remote connection The remotedataport command is used to configure the port for the remote data connection The remot estateport command is used to configure the port for the re mote state connection When the EM1000 is in the active mode it does not listen for outside connection requests request The EM1000 waits until a request to establish a connection 15 made There are three methods of requesting a connection Regardless of the method used to attempt to establish a connection if the attempt to open a connection fails the EM1000 returns to waiting for another request no automatic retries are attempted The remotename command is used to configure the IP address of the remote connection The remotedataport command is used to configure the port for the remote data connection The remotestateport command is used to configure the port for the remote state connection The three methods of requesting a connection are described below open The open command can be used to request that the EM1000 attempt to establish a data and state connection The close command is used to request that any open data or state connection be closed dsrmode The dsrmode command c
38. 022 EE K 24 gt gt gt 10 8 6 4 2 19 gt gt gt TFF EM1000 EM1010 Figure 3 2 CONSOLE Header J2 Pinout The CONSOLE port is used exclusively to configure the EM1000 The CONSOLE port operates at 9600 bps 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit 24 Configuration Reference EM1000 1 5 232 DSR in RTS out Figure 3 3 COM1 RS 232 Pinout ETHERNET ea 1 2 3 6 RJ 45 Plug RJ 45 Jack Figure 3 4 RJ 45 Ethernet Port Pinout The COM1 RS 232 port is normally used for data throughput to a remote device but can also be used to configure the EM1000 under certain conditions The COM1 RS 232 port operates over a wide range of baud rates and other parameters There is a CTL input accessible from the rear panel that can be interfaced to a logic signal or open collector output from a control device This input can switch the COM1 RS 232 port from the data throughput mode to the configuration mode and back again This is useful when a link has been established to a remote device and there is a need to establish a connec tion to a different remote device The DSR signal on the COM1 RS 232 port can also be used to switch the COM1 RS 232 port back and forth between the data throughput mode and the configuration mode See the Changing Remote EM1000s While Running section t n under Special Con
39. 116 IP addressing 117 EM1000 J jumper settings eie eed 64 flash EPROM 64 IR EEA A 64 64 JP3 id aeta 64 64 64 uos 64 nonmaskable interrupt 64 RS 485 termination resistors 64 SRAM 64 L EEDS eene US 27 length 42 listen mode 117 10081 49 local 5535600 50 localstateport 118 location veneno 50 locations 6011 85 232 24 24 CTL pin 24 Ethernet port 24 mounting holes 62 7 24 ee aque 119 power 119 lock up problems 106 baud rate 106 modem control lines 106 M 50 mode active on ass 117 1 ne 117 Index 123 MOE ei 14 EM1000 14 1010 14 mounting holes base plate oe 62 my 29 49 117 118 nameserver 50 netmask 29 51 119 116 0 51 OVETVIeW duet etos 12 P packetization 27 parameters default settings
40. 200 bps for this sort of application If the data arrive in bursts then 38 400 bps can be used if the slight data loss can be tolerated The maximum throughput can only be obtained when the EM1000s are not otherwise loaded by spy operations heavy Telnet use rapidly varying DTR or RTS pass through or verbose mode In summary the EM1000 will drop characters under stress conditions rather than lock up however lock up is still a possibility under extreme conditions If flow control cannot be used and data are streamed primarily in one direction then the following techniques may alleviate the problem of gradual buffer overflow It is preferable to use stop bits but the second option below may be tried as a last resort 1 Set the originating device so that it sends two stop bits The receiving EM1000 and client device should be configured to send and expect one stop bit 2 Set the receiving EM1000 to have a data rate slightly higher than nominal A rate of 1 2 higher than nominal should not cause any problems for asynchronous RS 232 but will allow data to sink at a rate that exceeds the rate at which it is sourced This may not be possible at the higher speeds because of hardware limitations For example the next higher speed above 19 200 bps is 23 040 bps which would be too much of a mismatch This technique is only applicable to speeds below 4800 bps When determining a higher speed remember that the speed must equate
41. ART sets the break interrupt bit bit 4 in the line status register register 5 The ETHERCOM EXE application can create a break condition on the output of its local COM1 RS 232 serial port by setting the set break bit bit 6 in the UART S line control register register 3 EM1000 Data and Signal Flow 93 A break condition detected on the input of COM1 RS 232 serial port will always cause the ETHERCOM EXE application to send a notification to the remote EM1000 Consequently the EM1000 that receives a notification that a break condition has occurred on the remote link will always generate a break condition on its local COM1 RS 232 serial port Line status changes are transferred via the state connection with the syntax L where the L is the literal character L and the is the hex ASCII representation of the new line status register The only bit that is important is the break interrupt bit bit 4 If the break interrupt bit is set the ETHERCOM EXE application that originated the state connection message detected a break interrupt on its local COM1 RS 232 serial port The ETHERCOM EXE application that receives the L message will generate a break condition on the output of its local COM1 RS 232 serial port The modem status changes require proper configuration of the dsrmode and rtsmode If the EM1000 is configured for dsrmode passthrough the DSR DTR information is conveyed through the state connection If the EM1000 is con
42. DE9 to DE9 programming cable supplied with the Developer s Kit 10 At the B gt prompt type active bat return 11 Press the RESET button for at least 5 seconds then release it The follow ing shows an example of the display parameters that should appear my ip 10 10 10 11 gateway 10 10 10 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 baud 19200 verbose on configmode data rtsmode off dsrmode off bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 1 connect active 12 At the gt prompt on the other EM1000 type ESTABLISHED following message should be displayed established data connected established state connected established telnet disconnected The message in step 12 indicate that both EM1000s and their associated software are fully functional so that data can be exchanged between their COM1 RS 232 serial ports EM1000 Two Modem Test Setup 69 Blank 70 Two Modem Test Setup EM1000 ArPENDx C HANDLING DOS FILES Appendix C shows how to edit and install new DOS files when the EM1000 is connected to a terminal or to a PC running a terminal emula tion program EM1000 Handling DOS Files 71 Editing Files The EM1000 has a DOS environment and many standard DOS commands dir copy type etc will work from the terminal or the PC running a terminal emulation program The built in editor is similar to the DOS EDLIN editor Invoke the editor by typing edit filename return The first 20 lines of the file will be disp
43. DSR input on the COM1 RS 232 port deter mines whether the EM1000 is in command or data throughput mode dsrmode disabled dtr on dtr off rtsmode disabled rts on rts off domain remotename The DNS server name does not have to be specified when an IP address is used but must be specified when a text address is used EM1000 Commands 41 Descriptions allowedname dnsname any The allowedname command is used to restrict access to the EM1000 If allowedname is configured the EM1000 will only accept incoming connections from the specified remote address The dnsname parameter can be a fully qualified domain name a partially qualified domain name or an IP address The dnsname parameter is resolved to an IP address before being used Changing allowedname causes any established data and state connections to be closed The default allowedname is any and allows connections from any IP address allowedport port The allowedport command is used to restrict access to the EM1000 If the allowedport is configured the EM1000 will only accept incoming connections on the specified remote port The port number can be any valid number between 0 and 65535 Changing the allowedport causes any established data and state connections to be closed The default port is 0 and allows connections from any remote port baud rate The baud command establishes the baud rate for the COM1 RS 232 port The rate can be any valid baud rate Changing
44. HERNET NETWORKS EM1000 Ethernet Networks 97 Wiring an Ethernet Network One of the easiest to use and least expensive Ethernet wiring technologies today is 10BaseT 10BaseT hubs and interconnect wiring are readily available reliable and inexpensive compared to most other networks The EM1000 uses 10BaseT technology and interconnects If possible the star wiring configuration shown in Figure F 1 is pre ferred In this configuration devices are all tied to hubs and the hubs are then tied together The connected devices can be up to 100 m from the hubs and the hubs can be up to 100 m apart to ETHERNET HUB m MULTIDROP NETWORK RS 485 SLAVE RS 232 MASTER EM1000 Z WORLD SLAVE CONTROLLER RS 232 Z WORLD CONTROLLER RS 232 EM1000 PC RS 232 SERIAL EM1000 INTERFACE RS 232 BAR CODE EM1000 SCANNER 4 e to ETHERNET HUB Figure H 1 Star Ethernet Configuration 98 Ethernet Networks EM1000 It is possible to daisy chain connections to Ethernet devices but the hardware will not operate as reliably as with the hub method and so the daisy chain is not recommended Also the time for a transmitted packet to be received is not predictable on heavily loaded daisy chained buses Although Category 3 cable can be used for 10BaseT the Category 5 cable is recommended for a new installation TCP IP Ports Port numbers are divided into two categories well known ports and not so we
45. IP device ETHERCOM EXE application transfers the data to from the COM1 RS 232 serial port without translation with the single exception of sentinel character settings Control signals which affect whether the EM1000 is in the configuration mode or the data throughput mode pass through the COM1 RS 232 port 92 Data and Signal Flow EM1000 Figure G 2 shows the external connections with the 1000 RS 232 RS 232 Device 1000 1000 Device a rtsmode flow traditional RTS CTS configuration RS 232 PC EM1000 EM1000 Device b rtsmode flow dsrmode passthrough Figure G 2 External Data and Control Signal Connections There is additional information which cannot be conveyed via the raw data connection through the data port that an EM1000 can share and coordinate with another EM1000 The information is conveyed to the remote EM1000 via the state connection port 8889 by default Unlike the data connection the state connection transfers structured information in the form of three byte packets The information the state connection carries between two EM1000s pertains to the state of the UART s line status register and modem status registers The line status register contains information about break conditions and the modem status register contains information about CTS and DSR signals The ETHERCOM EXE application detects a break condition on the input of its local COM1 RS 232 serial port when the U
46. M1000 386EX microprocessor operating at 20 MHz One RS 232 or TTL level data port supports 3 wire to 7 wire operation One RS 232 configuration port supports 3 wire operation One RJ 45 Ethernet port compliant with the IEEE 802 3 standard for 10 BaseT Ethernet protocol Four status LEDs power bus active local active remote connection established Built in ping utility to check the availability of connections to remote network targets Security feature can be set up to disallow communications except from one designated IP address Flexible software configuration options including remote configuration via Telnet and reconfiguration during operation allows the modem to establish sequential links with multiple destinations without manual intervention Aluminum base plate or rubber feet for enclosure Overview 13 Options and Accessories The EM1000 is designed to work with Z World controllers and other devices that have an RS 232 serial communication capability Z World provides several accessories and options to assist with the evaluation and use of the EM1000 Versions The EM1000 is available in two versions Table 1 1 lists their features Table 1 1 EM1000 Series Features Model Features Standard full featured modem with enclosure aluminum EM1000 base plate and rubber feet mating power connector and operating software EM1010 EM1000 without enclosure or aluminum base plate The EM1000 is also a
47. Specific Configurations for a Real Network 33 RS 232 3 wire listen mode sse 33 RS 232 35WIt6 ies utere nre RODEO EUER 33 RS 232 5 wire RTS CTS flow 34 EM1000 Table of Contents iii RS 232 5 wire CTS initiates link 34 RS 232 5 wire activate remote DTR 24224222 34 Changing Remote EM1000s While 34 Software Description 37 Chapter 4 Commands 39 Categories Seer oat dee Abas alee i Al ecient ties 40 Command Context ao 41 DeSCriptiOns e 42 Appendix A Specifications 59 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications esses 60 EM1000 External Dimensions eene 61 Base Plat nrn deett cesa nete 62 Headers and 63 Appendix Two Modem Test Setup 65 Installation in Test Network seen 66 Connect via Crossover Cable essere 66 7 08 Appendix Handling DOS Files 71 Editing Files duce asas 72 Editing WAT TCP oat teet es 72 General Considerations essen 74 XDOS Command Reference essen 75 Nomenclatute 75 Commands 2 ah temet E 75 Appendix D Installing New Firmware
48. a rtsmode off dsrmode off bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 1 connect listen 7 At the gt prompt type ESTABLISHED The following message should be displayed established data disconnected established state disconnected established telnet disconnected 8 Connect the CONSOLE port on the other EM1000 to the serial port of a terminal or PC running a terminal emulation program using the DE9 to DE9 programming cable supplied with the Developer s Kit 9 At the B gt prompt type active bat return 10 Press the RESET button for at least 5 seconds then release it The follow ing shows an example of the display parameters that should appear 10 10 10 11 gateway 10 10 10 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 baud 19200 verbose on configmode data rtsmode off dsrmode off bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 1 connect active 11 At the gt prompt type ESTABLISHED The following message should be displayed established data connected established state connected established telnet disconnected The message in step 11 indicate that both EM1000s and their associated software are fully functional so that data can be exchanged between their COM1 RS 232 serial ports EM1000 Two Modem Test Setup 67 Connect via Ethernet Hub 1 Connect the power supplies to both EM1000s according to the instruc tions in Chapter 2 Getting Started Connect the CONSOLE port on one EM1000 to the COM2 port of a terminal o
49. an be used to configure the EM1000 to monitor the COM1 DSR signal for transitions When the DSR signal transitions from 0 to 1 the EM1000 will attempt to open a connection When the DSR signal transi tions from 1 to 0 the EM1000 will close any open data or state connection rtsmode The rtsmode command can be used to configure the EM1000 to monitor the COM1 CTS signal for transitions When the CTS signal transitions from 0 to 1 the EM1000 will attempt to open a connection When the CTS signal transitions from 1 to 0 the EM1000 will close any open data or state connection The default connect is request EM1000 Commands 45 databits bits The databits command establishes the number of data bits in each byte for the COM1 RS 232 port The bits parameter can be either 7 or 8 Changing bits causes the COM1 RS 232 port to be reconfig ured which may cause the loss of characters being sent or received at that time The default bits is 8 domain names domainslist names The domain command establishes the local DNS domain that the EM1000 is a member of The names parameter is a comma separated list of DNS names The names parameter is used by various other commands when attempting to resolve a DNS name to an IP address When resolving DNS names each of the DNS names in the names parameter is appended to the specified remotename in an attempt to produce a fully qualified DNS name that can be resolved to an IP address For examp
50. and port number which are independent of the EM1000 s my hostdataport When connection 15 initially made from a client to an EM1000 in 1isten mode the EM1000 will report Data connection established to client s IP address and port number The client may display a similar message such as connection established to EM1000 s my ip and hostdataport EM1000 Frequently Asked Questions 117 For EM1000 my is set in the file and hostdataport is set in the DWN EM file remotename and remoteport are used when the EM1000 is in active client mode and will be opening the link hostdataport has no meaning for an EM1000 in active mode The EM1000 will open the link and attempt to exchange its 1 data with the remote server at the address defined by remotename remoteport remotename must be set to the IP address of the remote server and remoteport must be set to a server port number at which the server is listening If successful the EM1000 will report Data connection established to remotename remoteport If the remote device is an EM1000 in listen mode then this active unit s remotename and remoteport need to correspond to the remote unit smy and hostdataport The 1000 has two more command parameters that are related to addressing localstateport and remotestateport work identi cally to hostdataport and remoteport except they refer to the EM1000 modem control
51. ataport port target dataport port remoteport port The remotedataport command is used to configure the port number of the remote EM1000 The port parameter can be any valid port between 0 and 65535 The following actions occur for the connections configured via the connect command listen demand Nothing The remotedataport command has no meaning in this context active The EM1000 will use the port parameter as the remote port for data connections request The EM1000 will use the port parameter as the remote port for data connections Changing the remotedataport causes any established data and state connections to be closed target dataport and remoteport are synonyms for remotedataport The default zemotedataport is 8888 remoteretry x If an active EM1000 cannot connect with a remote device it will try to re establish the link If the remote device was actually taken out of service for some reason then the attempted retries will result in unnecessary link activity To get around this there are two modes of operation that can be established The option exists to program the retry time value in the DWN EM file The value is programmed using the command REMOTERETRY x x be a value from 0 to 3600 When x is 0 a new algorithm 1s used the link is attempted again after 1 second then 2 seconds then 4 seconds up to 64 seconds further attempts are made at 64 second intervals If x is non zero the attemp
52. ate the link Use these settings connect demand configmode data dsrmode disabled rtsmode disabled RS 232 3 wire The RS other si EM100 232 device is either a 3 wire device RxD TxD and GND or has gnals but the other signals are not used On power up or reset the 0 will establish communication with a fixed destination The link will remain up at all times Data will flow freely in both directions without flow co 0 ntrol Use these settings connect active configmode data dsrmode disabled rtsmode disabled Configuration Reference 33 RS 232 5 wire RTS CTS flow control The RS 232 device is a 5 wire device RxD TxD RTS CTS and GND and the RTS CTS lines are used for flow control to slow down or stop data from the RS 232 device if the link is not responding On power up or reset the EM1000 will establish communication with a fixed destina tion The link will remain up at all times Use these settings connect active configmode data dsrmode disabled rtsmode flow RS 232 5 wire CTS initiates link The RS 232 device is a 5 wire device RxD TxD RTS CTS and GND and the CTS line is used to initiate a link to the remote location On pow er up or reset and after CTS is true the EM1000 will establish communi cation with a fixed destination The link will remain up until CTS is false RTS will indicate the status of the link Use these settings connect request configmode data dsrmode disable
53. ateport command causes any established data and state connections to be closed The default hoststateport is 8889 location The location command contains a string that may be included in the DWN EM file for example location near the entry door at the north end This string is returned when location is typed at a Telnet command prompt maxpacket count The maxpacket parameter limits the length of any data packet transmitted by the EM1000 The bufferlength parameter specifies the minimum number of data bytes to accumulate before a packet transmission is scheduled If bufferlength is set higher than maxpacket the effect will be the same as if bufferlength was equal to maxpacket The default maxpacket setting is 1024 which is also the maximum value Avoid setting maxpacket to 1 which will cause each data byte received to be sent in its own packet impacting the efficiency of the Ethernet For most efficient use the packet length should contain at least 60 data bytes nameserver ipaddress The nameserver command is used to change the DNS server IP address of the EM1000 The ipaddress parameter can be changed from the command line or it can be included in the DWN EM file The normal way for configuring nameserver is with the WATTCP CFG file The default is for nameserver to be configured via the WATTCP CFG file 50 Commands EM1000 netmask ipmask The netmask command is used to change the subnet mask of
54. d rtsmode connect RS 232 5 wire activate remote DTR The RS 232 device needs to send data to a remote location and also manipulate the DTR line at the remote end Note that the remote end must be another EM1000 On power up or reset the EM1000 will establish a link with a remote modem at a fixed location Use these settings connect active configmode data dsrmode passthrough rtsmode disabled Changing Remote EM1000s While Running There are four ways available for the local EM1000 to change which remote EM1000 it is communicating with without initiating a reset or a power cycle 1 Connect a totally independent RS 232 device to the CONSOLE port This separate device and the data source connected to the COM1 RS 232 port need to coordinate their activities when the destination links change Set configmode data for the COM1 RS 232 port Configuration commands and the address of the remote target will be sent only to the CONSOLE port This method is especially useful during manual debugging 34 Configuration Reference EM1000 2 Ifthe RS 232 device has a second serial port it can be hooked to the CONSOLE port The RS 232 device will need to send data using the COM1 RS 232 port and to send commands via the CONSOLE port Set configmode data for the COM1 RS 232 port Configuration commands and the address of the remote target are sent only to the CONSOLE port 3 If the RS 232 device has an independently controlled RS 232 out
55. d with daisy chain hookups e g 10Base2 rather than with hubs A The EM1000 is optimized for use with standard 10BaseT cables and hubs Z World recommends this because the resulting network is more reliable than with a daisy chain network Ifa connection is broken in a hub based system only one unit goes down as opposed to the entire network going down 1f a daisy chain wire is broken 114 Frequently Asked Questions EM1000 Can the 1000 be used with RS 485 devices A If you have a need for the EM1000 to interface to a number of RS 485 devices the best approach 15 to use a Z World controller as a program mable RS 485 link master The controller must have an available RS 232 port and an RS 485 port Then program the Z World control ler to act as a master on the RS 485 network and transfer data from the multiple RS 485 devices through the RS 232 port to the EM1000 and onwards to its final destination The EM1000 does not directly support RS 485 I can t use some commands from Telnet or via the COM1 RS 232 port or when using the SOURCE command invoked from Telnet or COMI A Some of the command options available directly at the CONSOLE port are related only to initial setup and configuration for example the exit command If you are using Telnet to a very remote location and you were to accidentally type exit then you lose the TCP IP connec tion the Telnet connection and you have no way to restart the modem e
56. dem as shown in Figure 2 4 Plug in the AC adapter a EM1000 b EM1010 Figure 2 4 EM1000 Power Connections 5 With power applied to the EM1000 the red PWR LED should be lit hold EM1000 down the RESET button shown in E e Figure 2 5 for the EM1000 and in 2 3 PWR LNK ACT REM Figure 2 4 b for the EM1010 for at least 5 seconds then release it Figure 2 5 EM1000 Front Panel Check the baud rate setting for the terminal emulation program Ti p step 1 if gibberish is displayed You may also have to select a font such as Terminal by clicking on Font in the View menu of the terminal emulation program 20 Getting Started EM1000 6 The following message is displayed via the terminal emulation program the first time the EM1000 is used WATTCP CFG FILE NEEDS TO BE CONFIGURED REFER TO USER MANUAL lt Refer to the section on Configuring COM1 RS 232 Port in R Chapter 3 Configuration Reference for an example of a default configuration Appendix C Handling DOS Files provides further details See Appendix B Two Modem Test Setup for a sample test network that illustrates how the EM1000 works The RESET button is flush with the front panel and it may be necessary to use the insulated tip of a pencil or similar tool to push the button When resetting the EM1000 hold the RESET button do
57. dependently of and in parallel with the others buffertimeout ticks timeout ticks The buffertimeout command changes the buffering strategy for the COM1 RS 232 port The buffering strategy attempts to reduce overall network utilization by buffering data until sufficient bytes are received to warrant a network transmission The ticks parameter specifies the number of clock ticks 55 ms that must elapse between successive bytes before a network transmission occurs Data received on the COM1 RS 232 port is buffered until the ticks number of ticks elapsed between the reception of any two bytes then a network packet is transmitted timeout is a synonym for buffertimeout The default ticks is 0 which causes no timeout criteria to be en forced The buffering strategy is also affected by the bufferlength max packet and sentinels commands Each of the buffering strategy commands operates independently of and in parallel with the others Erratic operation including lockups may occur when a setting of buffertimeout 1 is used during periods of high Ethernet traffic and or noisy links A minimum value of 2 is recommended when buffertimeout is not 0 close The close command causes any established data and state connections to be closed Any buffered data are transmitted before the connection is closed The following action occurs after the close command in each connection configured via the connect command 1 Lis
58. ds to be executed EM1000 Commands 51 ping dnsname The ping command is used to verify network connectivity to a remote unit The dnsname parameter can be a fully qualified domain name a partially qualified domain name or an IP address The dnsname parameter is resolved to an IP address before being used An ICMP Ping packet is sent and the EM1000 then waits up to 10 seconds for a response The ping command might not work if your 1000 is behind a firewall remotename dnsname target name dnsname The remotename command is used to configure the name and IP address of the remote unit The dnsname parameter can be a fully qualified domain name a partially qualified domain name or an IP address The dnsname parameter 15 resolved to an IP address before being used The following actions occur for the connections config ured via the connect command listen demand Nothing The remotename command has no meaning in this context active The 1000 will use the dnsname parameter as the remote address request The EM1000 will use the dnsname parameter as the remote address Changing the remotename command causes any established data and state connections to be closed target name is a synonym for remotename The default remotename is an empty string which causes no remote connections to be attempted Refer to the discussion of the domain command for more information 52 Commands EM1000 remoted
59. e dsr tThe DSR signal at the COM1 RS 232 port is used to determine of the COM1 RS 232 port is operating in a configura tion mode or a throughput mode If the DSR signal is low the COM1 RS 232 port is in a configuration mode if the DSR signal is high the COM1 RS 232 port is in a data throughput mode The dsrmode command must also be set to configselect to condition the DSR to operate in this way config The COM1 RS 232 port is forced into a configuration mode data COM1 RS 232 port is forced into a data throughput mode connect demand listen active request The connect command determines how the EM1000 operates relative to the network The EM1000 either listens for incoming connections or attempts to actively attempt to connect to a remote device The command arguments for each mode are described below demand Synonym for listen listen The EM1000 listens to the network for incoming connection requests The EM1000 listens on the hostdataport for incoming data connections and it listens on the hoststateport for incoming state connections The incoming connections may be restricted to a particular IP address by the allowedremotename 44 Commands EM1000 command The incoming connections may be restricted to a particular port by the allowedremoteport command Only one connection can be established at a time active The EM1000 attempts to establish a remote connec tion If the attempt fails the EM100
60. e dropped since the peer EM1000 always repro duces the break condition as a 500 ms break Depending on the buffer capacity the data following the break may or may not get transmitted 108 Operating Tips EM1000 Troubleshooting Hints If you are not using the latest firmware then upgrade The software is available on the Z World web site You can determine the version of your software in the EM1000 by typing version at the gt prompt The EM1000 firmware can be easily updated by downloading the new firmware via the CONSOLE port Refer to Appendix D Installing New Firmware for more instructions A continuous flow of data from the serial device into the EM1000 will not appear at the other end of the link as a continuous flow especially on a heavily loaded bus This is due to the way data are packetized for transmission over the Ethernet When using Hyperterm if you change the baud rate or any other settings be sure to Save the settings Exit Hyperterm and then start Hyperterm up again using the new settings Otherwise you may send data at the wrong baud rate to the EM1000 and lock up the unit The easiest packetization scheme to understand is the model where the serial device sends a packet of X characters followed by a time delay To use this mechanism be sure that bufferlength is set higher than the length of the packet your device is sending and then be sure that your serial device has a timing gap greater
61. e protocol Figure 1 1 shows a front view of the EM1000 Figure 1 1 EM1000 Front View The EM1000 has two DE9 RS 232 connectors one male one female and a 10BaseT jack for connection to the Ethernet Internet Ethernet networks have some major advantages over RS 232 or RS 485 networks Distances between units can be greatly extended Standard Ethernet networks support distances of up to 100 m between hubs and fiber optic implementations support several kilometers between devices Many facilities already have an Ethernet network in place thereby saving the costs involved in wiring additional networks 12 Overview EM1000 Ethernet supports a layered protocol which allows communi cation between devices to be independent of other traffic on the Ethernet cable Existing standard protocols such as TCP IP FTP SMTP Telnet and SYSLOG can be adapted to service the needs of virtually any new device Media independent versions of Ethernet are available for spe cialty environments and requirements for example fiber optics for long distances and harsh electromagnetic environments The Ethernet is the entry point into the Internet where connected devices can be accessed and monitored from virtually anywhere Ethernet cabling is low cost and off the shelf Network installation procedures are well known and are readily available through established providers Features The EM1000 offers the following features E
62. e sending Even when an RS 232 device lacks the ability to reconfigure the target address the ability to send its data to a fixed destination anywhere on the network is still extremely useful The design provides for configuring the COM1 RS 232 data port to handle logic level signals to allow for compatibility with future Z World products Hardware Flow Control The EM1000 is designed so that flow control RTS CTS does not have to be used This allows the EM1000 to be used with simple 3 wire devices those that have transmit receive and ground When the attached device has hardware flow control signals such as RTS CTS or DSR DTR available other options provide even more flexibility End to End Data Integrity The EM1000 uses TCP IP to transmit data through the Ethernet port TCP IP provides internal mechanisms to ensure that data are received successfully by the remote end of the link and the EM1000 relies on this for its most basic operation The linked RS 232 devices can use other higher level protocols such as Xmodem FTP or Modbus which use the underlying TCP IP protocol These optional higher level protocols allow for an additional level of data integrity and also provide for timeouts and other high level end to end protocol functions 26 Configuration Reference EM1000 Data Transparency During normal operation most of the data sent to the EM1000 via the COM1 RS 232 port are sent transparently to the remote
63. e switches for the DIR command have been changed and expanded XDOS does not support redirected input or output with the use of and gt but does support pipes None of the external DOS commands are provided due to storage constraints XDOS does not support installable file system functions XDOS commands are followed by a function description and their syntax including available parameters and switches Items in boldface type must be entered Capitals or lowercase letters may be used Items in italics are parameters Those in boldface italics must be entered those in are optional All switches are optional They are shown as x Spaces and punctuation are to be included An ellipsis following items means that you may repeat the items as often as needed Do not enter the ellipsis or the square brackets Most XDOS commands allow the use of wildcards in filenames and extensions When wildcards one character any character or characters are used the command is executed once for each matching file Nomenclature drive specification a letter followed by a colon e g A if no drive is specified the default drive is used path the path DOS must take in traveling from one directory to another directory names are separated by a backslash filename up to 8 characters used to name a file ext a three character extension may be added to a filename An extension is separated from a
64. e terminal emulation program running on the PC Select a font such as Terminal by clicking on Font in the View menu of the PC terminal emulation program Ifyou get the lt prompt type 2 exit lt return gt The EM1000 will display the DOS prompt B gt Save the bootstrap files by typing 3 copy up com b bin up com lt return gt If you want to save your current configuration files type 4 copy dwn em b bin dwn em return wattcp cfg b bin wattcp cfg return Atthe DOS command prompt type 5 FTPD return to start the FTP server The EM1000 will not provide a visible response to the command 6 Start an FTP client on the host computer that has the new firmware to be transferred to the EM1000 If you are using a Unix machine enter ftp my ip return If you are using a Web browser enter the IP address in the location address box as specified by the ip parameter in the target EM1000 If prompted for a userid and password just press enter for both 1 there is no userid or password 7 Send the firmware self extracting archive to the EM1000 naming it filename EXE For example the appropriate Unix commands would look like this ftp hostip gt bin set binary mode transmission most important gt put new release exe filename EXE send giving remote file name 82 Installing New Firmware EM1000 8 Quit the FTP client once the transfer
65. ed below connect The DSR signal is used to open a connection or to close a connection In the connect mode the transition of DSR from 0 to 1 is a request to open a data and state connection Depending on the connect command setting network connec tion activity might be initiated The transition of DSR from 1 to 0 Is a request to close any open data or state connections In the connect mode the DTR signal is used to indicate that a connec tion has been successfully established for the data connection The state connection does not activate the DTR signal The DTR signal is high to indicate that the connection is established and 15 low when the connection is closed passthrough The passthrough mode is intended to make a transparent connection for the DSR DTR signal pair Both the local and the remote EM1000s must have this set for this mode to work The DSR signal is passed through the network to the remote unit via the state connection The remote unit sets its own DTR output signal to the same state as the local EM1000 DSR input signal Likewise the remote unit will send the EM1000 state information via the state connection whenever it detects a change on its DSR input signal The local EM1000 will then set its DTR output signal to the same state as the remote unit s DSR input signal configselect The DSR signal is used to determine the configmode for the COM1 RS 232 port The COM1 RS 232 port can operate either in a command mode
66. elopment Kit 14 Ethernet hub 14 Ethernet patch cables 15 power supply 14 active 117 56 allowedname 42 allowedport 42 base plate 62 battery backup 116 baud oni 42 baud rates man 114 bufferlength 42 109 111 buffertimeout 43 109 111 changing configuration 25 43 commands categories 40 COMLEX iin epi diee 41 DOS edit ias ese eng 72 FTPD eee ee 82 flow control dsrmode 33 45 47 48 4 265086 33 45 54 55 94 hardware setup Be 42 configmode 44 47 configselect 47 databits 46 parity 51 58 EM1000 INDEX commands continued interactive 7 56 close 33 43 45 connect 44 49 50 down etes 74 48 48 established 48 E tenn 48 49 location 20 33 45 51 password 51 ping 52 resolve 54 LES eee 54 SHOW 56
67. els command provides an option for the sentinels characters to be removed or passed through to the remote unit The default is for sentinels to not be configured which causes no data to trigger buffer flushes To turn the sentinels command off type sentinels disabled or sentinels off The buffering strategy is also affected by the buffertimeout bufferlength and maxpacket commands Each of the buffering strategy commands operates independently of the others show regexp all regexp The show command is used to display the current settings for each of the configuration parameters The regexp argument is a regular expression that can be used to restrict the text to matching commands The regular expression syntax consists of asterisk question mark gt open square bracket closed square bracket 1 and carrot characters The syntax for regular expression matching follows Matches any sequence of characters Matches any single character Matches any character in the group Matches any character not in the group all is asynonym for show source filename The source command is invoked from the CONSOLE port or from Telnet to read a file of EM1000 commands from the disk and execute each command Note that the restricted Telnet commands described in Appendix E Telnet will not function The source file is created using the edit command at the DOS B gt prompt spy enabled tr
68. er 5 Reference Manual EM1000 About This Manual vii Acronyms Table 1 lists and defines the acronyms that may be used in this manual Table 1 Acronyms Meaning EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory LED Light Emitting Diode NMI Nonmaskable Interrupt Random Access Memory SRAM Static Random Access Memory UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Icons Table 2 displays and defines icons that may be used in this manual Table 2 Icons Icon Meaning Icon Meaning Refer to or see Please contact Caution A High Voltage Factory Default 2 O gt viii About This Manual EM1000 Conventions Table 3 lists and defines the typographic conventions that may be used in this manual Table 3 Typographic Conventions Example Description while Courier font bold indicates a program a fragment of a program or a Dynamic C keyword or phrase IN 01 Program comments are written in Courier font plain face Italics Indicates that something should be typed instead of the italicized words e g in place of filename type a file s name Edit Sans serif font bold signifies a menu or menu selection An ellipsis indicates that 1 irrelevant program text is omitted for brevity or that 2 preceding program text may be repeated inde
69. figurations later in this chapter for more information on using the COM1 RS 232 port to reconfigure the EM1000 EM1000 Configuration Reference 25 Operation Configuration Options In the simplest scenario the EM1000 is configured via a terminal tempo rarily connected to the CONSOLE port This allows the modem to be set up to send data to one other specified target location on the Ethernet or to receive data from any remote location In a more complicated scenario the RS 232 device such as a Z World controller or a serial interface device may need to send data first to one remote device then to another Devices such as Z World controllers or PC based products are programmable This makes it possible for these devices to change the modem s configuration parameters including a re mote TCP IP destination during operation To be able to do this an RS 232 device needs either two RS 232 serial ports an unused digital output or the ability to manipulate the DSR input on the COM1 RS 232 data port When two RS 232 serial ports are available one can be connected to the COM1 RS 232 data port and the other can be connected to the CON SOLE configuration port Alternatively the unused digital output would be connected to the EM1000 s CTL input shown in Figure 3 1 instead of to the CONSOLE port In both cases the RS 232 devices also need to be able to send a series of reconfiguration command strings instead of the data they would normally b
70. figured for rtsmode passthrough the RTS CTS information is conveyed through the state connection The dsrmode and the rtsmode operate independently and either one independently or both can be in the data throughput mode When the EM1000 is configured for dsrmode passthrough then any change in the DTR input to the EM1000 s local COM1 RS 232 serial port will cause a modem status message to be sent to the remote EM1000 via the state connection Consequently any modem status message received via the state connection that indicates that the DTR signal at the remote EM1000 has changed state will cause a corresponding change at the DSR output of the local COM1 RS 232 serial port For end to end operation both EM1000s must be in the dsrmode passthrough mode When the 1000 is configured for rtsmode passthrough then any change in the CTS input to the EM1000 s local COM1 RS 232 serial port will cause a modem status message to be sent to the remote EM1000 via the state connection Consequently any modem status message received via the state connection that indicates that the CTS signal at the remote EM1000 has changed state will cause a corresponding change at the output of the local COM1 RS 232 serial port For end to end operation both EM1000s must be in the rtsmode passthrough mode Modem status changes are transferred via the state connection with the syntax M where the is the literal character and the is the hex ASCII rep
71. finitely 1 Brackets in a C function s definition or program segment indicate that the enclosed directive is optional gt lt Angle brackets occasionally enclose classes of terms alblc A vertical bar indicates that a choice should be made from among the items listed Pin Number 1 ET A black square indicates J1 pin 1 of all headers E D Measurements diagram and graphic measurements are in inches followed by millime ters enclosed in parenthesis EM1000 About This Manual ix Blank About This Manual 0 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive overview and description of the EM1000 The following sections are included Features Options and Accessories Software EM1000 Overview 11 Overview Z World s EM1000 is an industrial grade Ethernet modem that interfaces RS 232 devices to Ethernet networks The EM1000 allows a point to point logical link between two RS 232 devices across an Ethernet network using any software protocol that the RS 232 devices have in common The EM1000 can act either as a listener or it can establish links automatically or on demand The EM1000 can be reconfigured during operation without manual intervention to target different remote devices sequentially The RS 232 devices will operate through the EM1000 without interfering with other devices sharing the Ethernet network even if the other devices are using a different serial softwar
72. for future use EM1000 Specifications 63 Header 1 2 JP3 1 5 1 6 Table 3 EM1000 Jumper Connections 1 4 Pins Description Factory Default 1 2 Connect to enable RS 485 C wee onnected 3 4 termination resistors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connect to enable TTL level 9 10 signals COM1 RS 232 port 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connect to enable RS 232 level Connected 9 10 signals on COM1 RS 232 port 11 12 13 14 12 Nonmaskable interrupt connected to watchdog output 2 3 Nonmaskable interrupt Connected connected to ground 12 RS 485 driver enable Connected connected to P3 5 2 3 RS 485 driver connected to RTSI 1 2 3 4 SRAM installed at U4 x Flash EPROM installed at U4 Connected 5 7 6 8 Boot from flash EPROM U3 Connected 7 9 Boot from chip installed at U4 8 10 no chip presently installed Do not change the factory default jumper settings The alternative jumper settings have been incorporated into the EM1000 design to allow for future enhancements 64 Specifications EM1000 APPENDIX Test SETUP Appendix B shows how to set up a test network using two EM1000s EM1000 Two Modem Test Setup 65 Installation in Test Network When you are first learning how to use the EM1000 Z World recommends that you install the EM1000 in a small test network instead of an existing network Two EM1000s a
73. hen power is applied the PWR LED comes on If there is ac tivity on the Ethernet link and the Ether net cable is plugged in then the LNK SM LED comes on The ACT LED will flash e when there is traffic on the Ethernet net RESET PWR LNK ACT REM work and the REM LED comes on when communication is finally established to Figure 3 5 1000 Front Panel the other end of the link LED may stay on for short period of time after the link is no longer established EM1000 Configuration Reference 27 Configuring the COM1 RS 232 Port The terminal emulation program will display a gt prompt as shown below when the EM1000 has been connected to a terminal or host PC as de scribed in Chapter 2 Getting Started This prompt is from the software that is loaded in the EM1000 Type EXIT lt return gt to get the DOS prompt lt 1000 software prompt B gt DOS prompt Press RESET to switch back to the EM1000 software prompt This is usually done when all programming changes have been finished The RESET button is flush with the front panel and it may be necessary to use the insulated tip of a pencil or similar tool to Ld push the button When resetting the EM1000 hold the RESET button down for at least 5 seconds to initiate the reset Alter natively the power may be cycled off and back on The EM1000 has many operating parameters and they must be set before the modem will
74. i p Select a font such as Terminal by clicking on Font in the View menu of the PC terminal emulation program 1 Apply power to the EM1000 At the gt prompt type exit lt return gt 2 The EM1000 will display the DOS prompt B gt 3 Save the bootstrap files by typing copy up com b bin up com lt return gt 4 If you want to save your current configuration files type copy dwn em b bin dwn em return wattcp cfg b bin wattcp cfg return 5 Type del and answer Y return 6 Type up filename exe return and move on to start Step 7 within 10 to 15 seconds to avoid a timeout If you obtained the upgrade file from Z World s Web site www zworld com check the documentation file and use the file name and extension in the Web documentation 7 Click on TRANSFER and SEND FILE in the terminal emulation program Select the file name from the directory where you stored the upgrade when you downloaded it Also select the XMODEM proto col Then click on SEND There will be gt prompt after the upload is finished If you get a timeout message repeat Steps 6 and 7 80 Installing New Firmware EM1000 8 Type filename lt return gt Files will unzip into the B directory 9 Type dir at the B gt prompt If you see a README TXT file read it before proceeding 10 If Step 8 was completed as described above type del filename exe lt return gt 11 To recover the files saved in Ste
75. ing or burn in of an individual unit is available by special arrangement Company Address Ay LNYORLD Y Z World Inc Telephone 530 757 3737 2900 Spafford Street Facsimile 530 753 5141 Davis California 95616 6800 Web Site http www zworld com USA E Mail zworld zworld com TABLE OF CONTENTS About This Manual vii Chapter 1 Overview 11 OVERVIEW 12 13 Options and Accessories 14 Morin M 14 Development Kit a 14 Poet SUpply ede ORA 14 Ethernet H b 2 eI era Pea ee 14 Cable Kit teer net n eiae 15 d ped dae eta 15 Chapter 2 Getting Started 17 Initial EM1000 7 18 Parts Requited ois ERU EE 18 7 18 Connecting the Modem to a Host PC eee 18 Chapter 3 Configuration Reference 23 Inputs and oc EUREN 24 Operation Hed ORI RO RHOD Oed 26 Configuration Options essere nenne 26 Hardware Flow Control eee 26 End to End Data Integrity sss 26 D ta Transparency uet rer re QR e ER TREE 27 Open Connections sanies irar e ee ete 27 O ENE E E ATT PEATE AD 27 Configuring the COM1 RS 232 Port sese 28 Setting Modem Operating Parameters 28 29 Configuring IP Parameters 2 30 Packetization Options 31
76. layed with line numbers To delete line 3 type d3 To insert a line after line 4 type 14 To quit inserting press ctrl Z gt To redisplay the file starting at line 23 type 123 Gener ally to make changes to a line it is best to insert the changed line after the line that is being replaced then delete the old line Ti Remember to press lt 2 lt when the insertion is finished p before trying to delete the old line It is also possible to replace a single line by typing the line number lt return gt then entering the new line The new line will overwrite the existing line When you are done type s to save and exit or q to quit no changes Editing WATTCP CFG Before editing the WATTCP CFG file which is used to config TI p ure the operating software you may wish to try out the editor on your own test file Once the EM1000 is connected and powered up as explained in Chapter 2 Getting Started you will get a gt prompt from the EM1000 software which has started running Type exit lt return gt to get the DOS gt prompt 1 Type edit wattcp cfg at the B lt prompt The display will show Flashlite Line Editor v1 0 Enter h for help lt my_ip 10 10 2 195 gateway 10 10 2 137 netmask 255 255 255 0 72 Handling DOS Files EM1000 2 12 lt return gt at the gt gt prompt to insert a line after line 2 3 Type the new line for example netmask 255 255 255 102 lt return
77. le if the domain is mycompany com and remotename is unit3 the EM1000 will attempt to establish a connection to unit3 mycompany com which corresponds to an IP address such as 201 202 123 101 The domain command is optional domain and hostname can always be replaced with the real IP address of the remote device domainslist 15 a synonym for domain The default names is an empty string which causes no domain name to be appended to DNS names while attempting to resolve the name to an IP address drop enabled on true yes disabled off false no dropsentinels enabled on true yes disabled off false no The drop command changes the way sentinel characters are treated when received on the COM1 RS 232 port Sentinel characters trigger a flush of buffered data and the sentinel characters themselves can either be forwarded onto the network just like other characters in the data stream or they can be discarded The enabled on true and yes parameters are synonyms for dropping the sentinels The disabled off false and no parameters are synonyms for forwarding the characters 46 Commands EM1000 dropsentinels is a synonym for drop The default for drop is disabled which causes the sentinel charac ters to be forwarded dsrmode connect passthrough configselect disabled off false The dsrmode command changes how the COM1 RS 232 DSR DTR signals are used Each parameter is describ
78. le if you in a Telnet session and you type spy on then the spy mode is activated for the Telnet port but has no effect on the spy mode on the other ports Generally spy is used for debugging and should be turned off for normal operation Running EM1000 with spy enabled causes some degradation in reliability and throughput If an EM1000 is passing data at a baud rate higher than 9600 bps and spy is enabled for that EM1000 the overall data rate through the EM1000 may be decreased to allow the RS 232 device connected to the CONSOLE port to spy at the baud rate 9600 bps fixed for the CONSOLE port The baud rate does not actually change on the COM1 RS 232 port but the average data rate is reduced to an effective 9600 bps awe Refer to Appendix G Data and Signal Flow for more information on monitoring data and signal flow in spy mode statistics clear The statistics command displays the transmitted received and connection statistics The statistics are gathered continuously as the EM1000 executes The clear parameter can be used to reset the statistics counters to zero EM1000 Commands 57 stopbits bits The stopbits command establishes the number of stop bits in each byte passing through the COM1 RS 232 port The bits parameter can be either 1 or 2 Changing bits causes the COM1 RS 232 port to be reconfigured which may cause the loss of characters being sent or received at that time The
79. ll known ports Well known ports are used to implement well known protocols such as Telnet SMTP HTTP SNMP and SYSLOG Most of the well known ports are assigned a number less that 1024 For general purpose end to end data transmission the EM1000 should use ports 1024 and above that do not conflict with the ports listed in Table F 1 The only restriction on the ports is that the connecting parties must know what port to use for the connection and two applications cannot use the same port at the same time The address of any particular modem consists of the TCP IP address plus a local port number To reach that modem you need to send to set your target_name and target_dataport to match the remote EM1000 s my_ip and local_dataport Table H 1 Reserved TCP Port Numbers Number Port Number Keyword Description o Reserved Unassigned 5 RJE Remote job entry 7 ECHO Echo 9 DISCARD Discard 11 USERS Active users 13 DAYTIME Daytime 15 NETSTAT Who is up or NETSTAT 17 QUOTE Quote of the day 19 CHARGEN Character generator 20 FTP DATA File Transfer Protocol data 21 File Transfer Protocol 23 Terminal connection i 25 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol continued EM1000 Ethernet Networks 9 Table H 1 Reserved TCP Port Numbers continued
80. maged catastrophically many companies elect to have local control or at a minimum local backup control at the remote location In this situation a local controller is in charge of the process but it reports its status to the master and receives high level directives from the master The local controller makes deci sions such as if input57 is on and analoginput12 voltage is between 3 V and 4 V then activate output39 Then as a background task it reports to the master that so far today 3425 bottles have been produced And perhaps a few times per day the master tells the controller Stop making bottles and start making jars or vice versa The essence of the local control concept is that if the network fails the local controller will allow production to continue for some period of time while the network is down 102 Ethernet Networks EM1000 The second issue time critical data arises when the network is used to close the control loop For example if the network master device was connected directly to inputs an A D converter and to an output through the network then it would be responsible for making the decision if input57 is on and analoginput12 voltage is between 3 V and 4 V then activate output39 Not only is this scenario subject to network failure but there is the concern about the master being busy handling other demands and not getting around to looking at input57 until it has gone on but then gone back
81. meters These are overwrit ten by the contents of the DWN file on power up or when the RESET button is pressed Table 3 1 Default Parameters allowedname any allowedport 0 baud 19200 bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 2 configmode data connect request databits 8 domain null dropsentinels disabled dsrmode disabled dtr on gateway from file hostname null Refer to Chapter 4 Commands for further details on these parameters EM1000 hostdataport 8888 hoststateport 8889 maxpacket 1024 my_ip from WATTCP CFG file netmask from WATTCP CFG file parity none password none remotedataport 8888 remotestateport 8889 rtsmode disabled rts on spy disabled stopbits 1 verbose disabled Configuration Reference 29 Configuring IP Parameters Edit the WATTCP CFG file using the built in editor The file is displayed with line numbers while you edit the file Insert the changed line after the original line then delete the old line 1 With the terminal PC connected to the CONSOLE port as described in Chapter 2 Getting Started you will get the gt prompt Type exit lt return gt 2 At the DOS prompt V type listen lt return gt 3 Atthe DOS prompt B gt type edit wattcp cfg lt return gt 3 The following lines should appear 0 10 10 10 10 1 gateway 10 10 10 1 2 netmask 255 255 255 0 Even though hostip is a synonym
82. mode rtsmode 4 Packetization Commands bufferlength or length buffertimeout or timeout dropsentinels or drop maxpacket sentinels TCP IP Commands allowedname allowedport connect domain or domainslist gateway hostip or my_ip hostname hostdataport or local_dataport hoststateport nameserver netmask remotename or target_name remotedataport or remoteport or target dataport remoteretry remotestateport or target_stateport remotetimeout See the section on Setting Modem Operating Parameters and Table 3 1 in Chapter 3 Programming Reference for the default parameter values and for information on how to change them 40 Commands EM1000 Command Context Most commands can be used regardless of whether the EM1000 is in a configuration mode or a data throughput mode However some com mands are restricted For example the close command does not make sense unless the open command has already been issued after connect request In another example allowedname is meaningless when connect request or connect active The list below identifies the context in which certain commands are used connect request open close remotedataport remotename remotestateport dsrmode connect rtsmode connect connect demand allowedname allowedport hostdataport hoststateport remotetimeout connect active remotedataport remotename remotestateport dsrmode configselect configmode dsr The DTR signal to the
83. modem control lines CTS DSR and DCD that are inputs to the EM1000 should be properly controlled even if not in use They should be tied to fixed RS 232 levels or to other lines that do not vary rapidly 5 Use the correct baud setting Incompatible settings such as feeding 2400 bps to a port configured for 9600 bps may result in what appears to be a large number of line breaks This may overload the EM1000 s processor which will result in dropped data If these guidelines are not followed the EM1000 will still function but with reduced performance and increased probability of lock up If the 106 Operating Tips EM1000 modem control lines pick up electrical noise then it is possible for the EM1000 to spend excessive time trying to follow the variations which may cause it to lose data or lock up Similarly if the receiving device is accepting data at a rate that is slower than the sending device and no flow control is used both EM1000s will eventually run out of buffer space and start dropping data As a guide two EM1000s can buffer approximately 4000 data bytes between them in each direction before data starts being discarded This is because the EM1000 is designed for data transport not data buffering If both data transfer directions are being used simultaneously full duplex then the sustained data throughput rate is approximately 22 000 bps in each direction This limits the practical serial port speed to 19
84. n true yes disabled off false no The rts command is used to change the state of the COM1 RS 232 RTS signal The RTS signal can be set high or low The RTS CTS pair of signals is used for various purposes and is configured via the rtsmode command EM1000 will respond correctly to changes the RTS signal only when rtsmode is configured to be disabled enabled on true and yes are synonyms for setting RTS high disabled off false and no are synonyms for setting RTS low 54 Commands 1000 The default for rts is enabled which causes the RTS signal to be high rtsmode connect flow passthrough flowcontrol disabled off no false The rtsmode command changes how the COM1 RTS CTS signals are used Each parameter is described below connect The CTS signal is used to open a connection or to close aconnection In the connect mode the transition of CTS from 0 to is a request to open a data and state connection Depending on the connect command setting network connec tion activity might be initiated The transition of CTS from 1 to 0 is a request to close any open data or state connections In the connect mode the RTS signal is used to indicate that a connec tion has been successfully established for the data connection The state connection does not activate the RTS signal The RTS signal is high to indicate that the connection is established and 15 low when the connection is closed
85. namic C programs to illustrate the use of this method with a PK2200 controller EM1000 Configuration Reference 35 Example The following sample scenario illustrates the fly configuration changes that allow multiple links to be sequentially established This scenario is based on connecting the open collector output from the RS 232 device to the CTL line the EM1000 A single RS 232 serial port will suffice for the RS 232 device in this example 1 Set the local EM1000 for configmode gpio connect demand The local EM1000 is configured to allow configuration changes in response to the CTL input while the local EM1000 running The EM1000 is in a listening mode in case another modem requests a link 2 Set the remote EM1000s for connect demand This means they too are in a listening mode 3 The RS 232 device connected to the local EM1000 decides to send data to test3 mycompany com test4 mycompany com and test5 mycompany com 4 The RS 232 device starts the reconfiguration by pulling gpio to ground 5 The RS 232 device sends the destination address remotename test3 mycompany com 6 The RS 232 device unit sets connect request This takes the EM1000 out of listening mode 7 The RS 232 device sends an open command to open a connection 8 The RS 232 device returns the EM1000 to the data throughput mode by pulling gpio up 9 The RS 232 device sends the desired data to test3 mycompany com via the COM1 RS 232 port
86. off Answer input39 does not get turned on and something bad happens or something doesn t happen which should have happened With the control loop closed locally with an embedded controller time critical data are handled in a time critical fashion that is guaranteed not to miss any key events in this case input57 closing Again because of the concern about missing key data to make control decisions many companies elect to have local embedded control which can be time responsive to the local process and passes only higher level commands and status through the network A Z World controller con nected to the Ethernet with the EM1000 is ideal for this purpose In the past the issue of determinism has been raised when discussing the Ethernet as compared to some other buses The use of star configura tions based on switched hubs instead of daisy chained configurations leads to deterministic operation and fewer headaches although at minor additional expense EM1000 Ethernet Networks 103 Blank 104 Ethernet Networks EM1000 TI ArPENDix OPERATING TIPS EM1000 Operating Tips 105 Lock Up with High Data Rates or Noisy RS 232 Lines The original firmware release was prone to locking up especially at 19 200 bps This was caused by internal buffer overflows Although this problem has been rectified the following precautions should be taken 1 Use hardware flow control CTS RTS if possible Since there is a fini
87. oing e mail messages when a properly formatted message is sent to it from the attached RS 232 device In order to do this the attached RS 232 device must be able to reconfigure the EM1000 during operation Generally this is done using a second serial port by manipulating the DSR signal on the COM1 RS 232 port or by manipulating the CTL line RY Refer to Chapter 3 Configuration Reference for more details on reconfiguring the EM1000 during its operation The general procedure for sending an e mail message is as follows Specific details may be different for your network and your mail server 1 With the EM1000 in configuration mode set the remotename param eter set to that of the e mail server 2 Set the remotedataport parameter to 25 3 Type open to open a connection to the e mail SMTP server 4 Asequence of properly formatted strings must be sent to the server for example from an attached Z World controller Ti p Use spy enabled to watch the data flow to and from the Ethernet modem 5 Close the connection to the e mail server 2 Refer to a text on TCP IP or SMTP mail servers for more details on mail servers Some e mail servers do not allow e mail forwarding Be sure to work with your local network systems administrator TI p when developing and testing any e mail or network applica tion The Z World Web site at http www zworld com provides a sample e mail program 90 Sending E Mail EM1000 A
88. one end of the link to the other requires additional overhead bytes so sending large blocks of data is more efficient than sending more numerous small blocks Q Does the EM1000 have any built in remote network management tools A Yes there are some simple tools built into the EM1000 Using Telnet you can determine the status of open and closed connections IP addresses and port numbers determine the number of packets and bytes transmitted and received and watch the actual data flowing through the EM1000 Also it is possible to issue most of the configu ration commands that can be issued locally via Telnet Q How does IP and port addressing work on the EM1000 A Think of the EM1000 as having two modes a listen open on demand mode where the device at the other end of the link opens the link and an active mode where the EM1000 opens the link Quite often the listening device is called a server and the active device is called a client my and hostdataport are EM1000 commands used when the EM1000 is in listen demand server mode They establish the EM1000 network address where the EM1000s COMI port resides These commands set up a logical connection inside the EM1000 from the Ethernet to the COM1 RS 232 port You will need to ensure that the client s remote IP address and remote port number correspond to the hostip and hostdataport that were programmed in the EM1000 The client device will be using its own IP address
89. ount the EM1000 EM1010 board in your own enclosure Z World recommends a clearance of 0 75 19 mm above the printed circuit board and 0 25 6 mm below the printed circuit board Figure A 2 provides the external dimensions for the EM1000 enclosure Figure A 2 EM1000 Enclosure External Dimensions EM1000 Specifications 61 Base Plate Figure A 3 shows the dimensions and the locations of the mounting holes of the EM1000 base plate The base plate is made from 0 050 aluminum 0 375 4 wa 59 2 6 32 clear 4x 2 0 25 410 6 104 gt 0 125 R 4 60 117 Figure A 3 EM1000 Base Plate Dimensions The base plate is attached to the EM1000 enclosure with the four 4 40 0 375 screws shown in Figure A 3 The base plate facilitates mounting the EM1000 If the base plate is not needed it may be removed replaced with the four rubber feet supplied 62 Specifications EM1000 Headers and Jumpers Figure A 4 illustrates the locations of headers on the EM1000 board Figure A 4 Locations of EM1000 Headers Table A 2 lists the header functions and Table A 3 lists the jumper configu rations Table A 2 EM1000 Headers Header Description Configurable COM1 RS 232 serial port J2 Configuration CONSOLE port 10 pin header J3 RJ 45 Ethernet port J4 Power supply connector CTL input 5 J6 J Reserved for future use Reserved
90. p 3 type copy b bin up com b up com lt return gt 12 To recover the files saved in Step 4 type copy b bin dwn em b dwn em lt return gt copy b bin wattcp cfg b wattcp cfg lt return gt If directed by the README TXT file edit the file and the DWN EM files The new version of the software is now installed Press the RESET button for 5 seconds and then release it to return to the EM1000 gt prompt Via FTP Future firmware updates are possible via FTP over the existing Ethernet connection to the EM1000 once the FTPD command and firmware dated on or after August 28 2000 has been installed To check the version of firmware on your EM1000 connect a Ti p PC or terminal to the CONSOLE port of the EM1000 as ex plained in Chapter 2 Getting Started Type version at the EM1000 gt prompt The PC will display the firmware version Install FTPD The FTPD EXE file is available on the Z World Web site www zworld com along with the EM1000 documentation Install the FTPD EXE file using the XMODEM protocol described above FTPD EXE and the firmware dated on or after August 28 2000 have to be installed initially using the XMODEM protocol EM1000 Installing New Firmware 81 Install Future Firmware Releases Follow these steps to upload a future firmware release using FTP 1 Connect a PC or terminal to the CONSOLE port of the EM1000 as explained in Chapter 2 Getting Started Have th
91. packet with very little time between characters followed by a time gap then this would actually be the preferred mechanism If the timeout value is set to a value longer than the intercharacter time the data will be transmitted by the soon after the last character in the packet The timeout option should also be tried if the other mechanisms prove not to be reliable If more than one of these options 1s enabled they will work parallel and fairly complicated situations can occur For example if the timeout 1s set to 10 seconds the bufferlength parameter is set to 100 characters and sentinel characters is set to CR then the following sample scenarios could happen 1 Four characters are received by the EM1000 in 0 1 seconds followed by nothing for 9 9 seconds The four characters will be transmitted by the EM1000 after 10 seconds 2 Four characters followed by a CR are received by the EM1000 in 0 1 seconds The four characters will be transmitted immediately after the CR 3 One hundred characters not including a lt gt are received by the EM1000 in 3 seconds The one hundred characters will be transmitted by the EM1000 immediately after the last one arrives 4 145 characters with a CR as the 23rd character are received by the EM1000 in 4 seconds The EM1000 sends characters 1 through 23 as one packet because of the sentinel character then sends characters 24 through 124 as another packet becau
92. pecifications The following sections are included Electrical and Mechanical Specifications Headers and Jumpers EM1000 Specifications 59 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications Table 1 lists electrical mechanical and environmental specifications for the EM1000 Table 4 1 EM1000 Specifications Parameter Enclosure Size Specification 3 558 x 4 28 x 1 718 90 mm x 109 mm x 44 mm Board Size 3 418 x 4 16 x 0 65 87 mm x 106 mm x 17 mm Operating Temperature 40 Cto 70 C Humidity 5 to 95 noncondensing Input Power 9 V to 32 V DC 2 W Processor Intel 386 SRAM 512K standard Flash EPROM 512K standard Serial Ports One 3 wire RS 232 at 9600 bps One 7 wire RS 232 at up to 115 200 bps One 10BaseT Ethernet 60 Specifications 0 1000 External Dimensions Figure 1 provides the external dimensions for the EM1000 board T v 80386ex 8 3 H E 8 UUUUUUUU 87 3 356 85 3 418 o 00000000 gm uloo c U i e 0 21 4 16 5 5 3 106 4 16 106 Figure 1 1000 External Dimensions When you m
93. put signal such as DTR or RTS the DTR or RTS signal can be connected to the EM1000 s DSR input to toggle the COM1 RS 232 port between configuration mode and data throughput mode Set configmode dsr dsrmode configselect for the COM1 RS 232 port The DTR output signal acts as a toggle to change the COM1 RS 232 port from data throughput mode to configuration mode If the DTR signal is high the COM1 RS 232 port is in a data throughput mode If the DTR signal is low the COM1 RS 232 port is in a configuration mode The RS 232 device connected to the COM1 RS 232 port s DSR line must be able to control its DTR or RTS output independently from the normal data flow The DTR DSR signal cannot be used in throughput or connect modes when it used to toggle between modes Instead of using the DTR signal from the attached RS 232 device the RTS signal may be used as long as the RTS signal can be controlled independently from the data flow 4 Ifthe RS 232 device has an open collector digital output that output can be connected to the CTL line on the EM1000 The open collector output signal has to be coordinated with the data output to the COM1 RS 232 port When the CTL line is low the COM1 RS 232 port is in configuration mode When CTL goes high the COM1 RS 232 port returns to a data throughput mode Set configmode gpio for the COM1 RS 232 port The Z World Web site at http www zworld com provides some demonstration Dy
94. r PC using the DE9 to DE9 programming cable supplied with the Developer s Kit Connect the RJ 45 Ethernet ports on both EM1000s to a port on the Ethernet hub using the Ethernet cables supplied with the Evaluation Kit Figure B 2 illustrates the setup ic DAVIS 95616 N CONSOLE 209009 RRNET 2 ETH Z WORLD z WORLD of 1 6523 coM t RS standard standard Ethernet cable Ethernet cable Figure B 2 Test Setup Using Ethernet Hub Set the Normal Uplink switch on the Ethernet hub to Normal Plug in the AC adapters for the EM1000s and the 5 V AC adapter for the Ethernet hub At the B V prompt type listen bat return Ti p Type EXIT return at the gt prompt to get the B gt prompt 68 Two Modem Test Setup EM1000 7 Press the RESET button for at least 5 seconds then release it The follow ing shows an example of the display parameters that should appear my_ip 10 10 10 10 gateway 10 10 10 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 baud 19200 verbose on configmode data rtsmode off dsrmode off bufferlength 200 buffertimeout 1 connect listen 8 At the gt prompt type ESTABLISHED The following message should be displayed established data disconnected established state disconnected established telnet disconnected 9 Connect the CONSOLE port on one EM1000 to the serial port of a terminal or PC running a terminal emulation program using the
95. r making setup changes Q How many EM1000s do I need in order to play with in a realistic situation A If you have an existing Ethernet installation and your system adminis trator provides authorization and support you can purchase a single unit and do some useful things with it If you are starting a network from scratch or if you want to check the units out prior to installing on an operating network you need at least 2 EM1000s Q Does the EM1000 have battery backed memory A No A battery is not needed since the executable program is located in flash memory There is no battery to become depleted ever need replacement 116 Frequently Asked Questions EM1000 Can I upgrade the EM1000 software in the future A Yes As updates become available you can download the file s from the Z World web site and then reload your EM1000 by connecting the CONSOLE port on the EM1000 to your See Appendix D Install ing New Firmware for the complete details Q What types of data transfers are efficient over Ethernet A The Ethernet is a high speed bus and efficiency is not normally an issue However in terms of raw data transfer capability the best scenario is to open a link keep it open and send large blocks of data There is some overhead both in the modem and on TCP IP when you open and close links so opening and closing links a lot tends to reduce the overall throughput Also to send even a single byte from
96. rPENDIX DATA AND SIGNAL FLOW The data and signal flow described in this appendix can only be monitored when the spy mode on the EM1000 is enabled EM1000 Data and Signal Flow 91 Figure G 1 shows the flow of data and control signals through the EM1000 1000 localstateport B 8 8889 Incoming and outgoing xx messages default Mxx messages 5 Ethernet default Port y n Telnet d terminal data Configuration Telnet Port gt Engine qd 5 X Setup Parameters Figure G 1 Schematic Representation of Data and Control Signal Flow connect command configured for demand mode The ETHERCOM EXE application transfers raw binary ASCII data over the RxD TxD data connection through the COM1 RS 232 serial port and the data port port 8888 default inside the EM1000 The data connection can be used to connect an EM1000 to other devices such as SMTP and Telnet devices There is no structure to the data transferred through the data connection Data arriving at the input of the COM1 RS 232 serial port are transferred through the data port connection to the Ethernet port while data from the Ethernet port are transferred to the output of the COM1 RS 232 serial port The fact that the data transferred via the data port are unstructured is what allows the device connected to the COM1 RS 232 serial port of the EM1000 to communicate with virtually any TCP
97. re needed Their Ethernet ports can be connected using the Ethernet crossover cable supplied with the Developer s Kit or they may be connected via an Ethernet hub using standard Ethernet cables Z World has the Ethernet hub and standard Ethernet cables for sale For ordering information or for more details about the various options and prices call your Z World Sales Representative at 530 757 3737 Connect via Crossover Cable 1 Connect the power supplies to both EM1000s according to the instruc tions in Chapter 2 Getting Started 2 Connect the CONSOLE port on one EM1000 to the serial port of a terminal or PC running a terminal emulation program using the DE9 to DE 9 programming cable supplied with the Developer s Kit 3 Connect the RJ 45 Ethernet ports on the EM1000s using the Ethernet crossover cable supplied with the Developer s Kit Figure B 1 illus trates the setup Ethernet crossover cable Figure B 1 Test Setup Using Crossover Cable 4 Plug in the AC adapters to supply power to the EM1000s 6 At the B V prompt type listen bat return TI p Type exit lt return gt at gt prompt to get the gt prompt 66 Two Modem Test Setup EM1000 6 Press the RESET button for at least 5 seconds then release it The follow ing shows an example of the display parameters that should appear my_ip 10 10 10 10 gateway 10 10 10 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 baud 19200 verbose on configmode dat
98. resentation of the new modem status register Table G 1 provides an overview of the control registers associated with the Line Status Register and the Modem Status Register 94 Data and Signal Flow EM1000 T44L SLO PAA Jojeorpug S190 peoy 5 ASIN 19961804 puos 32 0 9 smes 8 19 awp M Wis pq Pd Pd HHH D IWAL 09 18 99 IS S180 IAV jdnuoeju 5 smes JONI IoJ ursuelp yag UNLIOAQ za 9a va eS jeisibou JejsiDoH 1915 09 JO41UO2 71 0 Data and Signal Flow 95 EM1000 RTS CTS information is conveyed by two bits The delta clear to send bit bit 0 indicates that the modem status message contains information about the remote EM1000 s CTS signal and the new state is indicated by the clear to send bit bit 4 DSR DTR information is conveyed by another two bits The delta data set ready bit bit 1 indicates that the modem status message contains informa tion about the remote EM1000 s DSR signal and the new state is indicated by the data set ready bit bit 5 96 Data and Signal Flow EM1000 AN ET
99. rinter spooler 520 EFS LucasFilm 526 New date 530 COURIER 531 CONFERENCE Chat 532 NETNEWS Read news 540 UUCP UUCP daemon 543 KLOGIN Kerberos authenticated rlogin 544 KSHELL Kerberos remote shell 556 REMOTEFS RFS server Brunhoff remote file system 600 GARCON 601 MAITRD 602 BUSBOY 750 KERBEROS Kerberos authentication TCP 751 Kerberos authentication 754 KRB_PROP Kerberos slave propagation 888 ERLOGIN Login and environment passing 1109 KPOP Pop with Kerberos 1524 INGRELOCK EM1000 continued Ethernet Networks 101 Table 1 Reserved TCP Port Numbers concluded Port Number Keyword Description 2053 KNETD Kerberos demultiplexor 2105 EKLOGIN Kerberos encrypted rlogin s mr 5556 MTB backup 9535 MAN Remote manual server ow w 9537 MANTST Remote manual server testing 1000 0 QUEUE 1002 POKER 1003 GATEWAY 1004 10012 QMASTER Industrial Network Concerns Questions sometimes arise about the use of networks in industrial applica tions There are at least two main factors to be considered 1 Network reliability and the effect on a remote process if the network cable is damaged or the stops working for some other reason 2 Time critical data Because of the network cable could be da
100. s configured via the WATTCP CFG file hostip is not recognized in the WATTCP CFG file use ip in the file hostname dnsname The hostname command is used to change the DNS name of the EM1000 The dnsname parameter can be changed from the command line or it can be included in the DWN file The normal way for configuring hostname is with the WATTCP CFG file The default hostname is configured via the WATTCP CFG file hostdataport port local dataport port The hostdataport command is used configure the port number for incoming data connections When the connect command is config ured for a listen or a demand mode the hostdataport is the inter nal port number to which the EM1000 COM1 RS 232 port is connected local dataport is a synonym for hostdataport The port number can be any valid number between 0 and 65535 Changing the hostdataport command causes any established data and state connections to be closed The default hostdataport is 8888 EM1000 Commands 49 hoststateport port local_stateport port The hoststateport command is used to configure the port number for incoming state connections When the connect command is configured for a listen or a demand mode the hoststateport is the port number the EM1000 listens on for connection requests local_stateport is a synonym for hoststateport The port number can be any valid number between 0 and 65535 Changing the hostst
101. se of the bufferlength param eter setting The EM1000 then waits another 10 seconds and sends characters 125 through 145 because of the timeout value 32 Configuration Reference EM1000 Spec ific Configurations for a Real Network You must first decide what your connection strategy will be Use connect demand when the EM1000 does not initiate the opening of a link but listens for another EM1000 or other Ethernet device trying to open the link to it connect active to initiate the opening of a link automatically to the remote address when the EM1000 is powered up or reset The link will stay open If the link cannot be established immediately then the EM1000 will retry every 3 seconds connect request when this EM1000 will initiate a link request using the open command or via the CTS line rtsmode or DSR line dsrmode to the remote address The link is dropped manually with a close command or when CTS or DSR go false if they were used to open the link If an attempted link fails there are no automatic retries by the EM1000 although the RS 232 device may be set up to initiate an automatic retry 2 Refer to the description for dsrmode and rtsmode in Chap ter 4 Commands for further details Some sample configurations that may meet your needs are provided below RS 232 3 wire listen mode The 3 wire RS 232 device waits for another remote device to communicate with it The remote EM1000 will activ
102. signals RTS CTS DTR DSR instead of the data transmit and receive signals When using only EM1000s in a network you can generally leave the port addresses at the default values and not worry about it If your EM1000s are in active mode be sure that their zemotename and remoteport parmeters correspond to the server s If your EM1000s are in listen mode be sure that your ip and hostdataport are set the same as the active client unit s remotename and remoteport Q How do I feed data directly from the EM1000 into an application program running on the PC such as a spreadsheet or database A There are third party software packages such as TCPWedge from Taltech www taltech com which provide a DDE connection between the TCP IP port in the computer to the application program These programs can generally be configured to get data into and out of a database or spreadsheet with no programming involved This allows a remote EM1000 to send data to the PCs TCP IP address and port number and then have that data automatically imported to the applica tion It is even possible to have multiple instances of TCPWedge running and have multiple EM1000s talking to the same application in your PC When TCP Wedge is in client mode the EM1000 must be in demand mode If the 1000 is in either request or active mode hostdataport is already in use and TCP Wedge cannot communicate with it 118 Frequently Asked Questions EM1000
103. te amount of buffer space in the EM1000 it cannot be used as a speed matching buffer indefinitely without some form of pacing or flow control 2 If38 400 bps is used then the client devices should implement end to end error detection since the occasional character 0 05 may be dropped Using hardware flow control can alleviate this problem but not eliminate it entirely The client devices work best with moderately short messages up to about 200 bytes before requiring acknowledg ment from the peer device At 19 200 bps characters will not be dropped unless internal buffering is exhausted because of the peer not accepting the data fast enough 3 If hardware flow control is not available ensure that there is some form of end to end flow control between the two client devices for example XON XOFF software flow control This is especially important if the two devices have different data rates but also applies if the same nominal speed setting is used since there may be slight differences in crystal frequency between the originating device and the receiving EM1000 For example if the originating device actually runs at 19 200 1 bps and the receiving EM1000 is running at exactly 19 200 bps then the net accumulation is 0 1 bps Extended over one day 86 400 seconds this would amount to a total of 864 bytes which would have to be buffered by the EM1000s In the longer timeframe this would overflow the internal buffering 4 The
104. ten Demand The EM1000 returns to listening for incoming connections 2 Active The EM1000 begins to attempt to establish a connec tion 3 Request The EM1000 waits until requested to attempt to establish a connection EM1000 Commands 43 configmode gpio dsr config data The configmode command sets the configuration for the COM1 RS 232 port The COM1 RS 232 port can operate in two possible modes configuration mode and data throughput mode When the COM1 RS 232 port 15 in the configuration mode a command prompt appears and most of the EM1000 commands can be used The configu ration mode allows a device connected to the COM1 RS 232 port to control the configuration of the EM1000 by issuing the same com mands that are used for the CONSOLE port When the COM1 RS 232 port is in the configuration mode data received from the COM1 RS 232 port are not transmitted across the network When the COM1 RS 232 port is in the data throughput mode data received from the COM1 RS 232 port are sent across the network and data received from the network are sent to the COM1 RS 232 port The command arguments are listed below gpio tThe general purpose input CTL is used to determine whether the COM1 RS 232 port is operating in a configuration mode or a throughput mode If the CTL signal is low the COM1 RS 232 port is in a configuration mode if the CTL signal is high or open the COM1 RS 232 port is in a data throughput mod
105. trate this Although a wide variety of configuration options is available to handle unusual cases in most situations simple modifica tions to the default parameters will suffice This procedure takes only a minute or two Q What baud rates can the EM1000 handle on the data port A This depends on many factors Generally operation to 19 200 bps is no problem and if flow control is used in conjunction with the rtsmode flow configuration string operation at baud rates to 38 400 bps is possible Q How does the EM1000 handle 10 Mbps on one side and lower baud rates on the other side A The TCP IP protocol stack works via a handshake mechanism where there is an acknowledgement process that prevents the transmitter from sending too much data for the receiver to process The internal buffer Is set to 2K If more that 2K of data are received by the TCP IP software layer and the EtherCom application has not read the data then no further incoming data will be acknowledged and then the sender of the data will not be allowed to send any more The depth of the buffering really doesn t matter because the TCP IP layer of soft ware will throttle the sender of the information so that no data are lost Q What is the temperature rating of the EM1000 A The EM1000 operating and storage temperature range is 40 to 70 Some early brochures showed a more restricted temperature range which was incorrect Can the 1000 be use
106. tream into packets for transport over the Ethernet This selection depends on the format and timing of the data coming from the attached RS 232 device There are three strategies to choose from 1 Time Based The EM1000 measures the delay between characters received on the COM1 RS 232 port If the delay exceeds a certain configurable period the data already received and placed in the buffer are then transmitted This is a good fallback strategy if the data from the remote device are sent in bursts followed by a time gap 2 Sentinel Characters The modem watches the serial data stream for special characters for example lt CR gt or lt LF gt and if detected the current packet is ended and transmitted A further configuration item is whether the sentinel characters are actually transmitted in the packet or whether they are discarded prior to transmission 3 Fixed Size Packets The EM1000 transmits the packet after receiving a fixed number of characters These strategies are not mutually exclusive That is the user may elect to use all the strategies at the same time For example the user may plan to send packets after a carriage return is detected in the serial stream but would also like to send a packet after a 10 second timeout or 255 charac ters The most general solution is a packet timeout either alone or in conjunc tion with sentinel characters or the packet length If your transmitting device sends data of nonuniform
107. ts at a link are made at x second intervals If this command line is not included in the DWN EM file the retries will occur at 1 second intervals EM1000 Commands 53 remotestateport port target_stateport port The remotestateport command is used to configure the port number of the remote unit The port parameter can be any valid port between 0 and 65535 The following actions occur for the connections configured via the connect command listen demand Nothing The remotestateport command has no meaning in this context active The EM1000 will use the port parameter as the remote port for state connections request The EM1000 will use the port parameter as the remote port for state connections Changing remotestateport causes any established data and state connections to be closed target_stateport is a synonym for remoteStatePort The default remoteStatePort is 8889 remotetimeout x A programmable inactivity timeout allows the link to close down automatically in the connect demand mode after a programmed timeout in the serial data stream This command can be included in the DWN EM file in this form REMOTETIMEOUT x x can be any number between 1 and 3600 and is in seconds resolve dnsname The resolve command is used to verify that a DNS name can be resolved to an IP address The dnsname parameter can be a fully qualified domain name a partially qualified domain name or an IP address rts enabled o
108. ue yes disabled off false The spy command is used to monitor data traffic When spy is enabled the Line Status and Modem Status on the COM1 RS 232 port are also made visible on the CONSOLE port The COM1 RS 232 data are bracketed by the following special characters Received Line Status and Modem Status information is enclosed in braces Transmitted Line Status and Modem Status information is enclosed in parenthesis 56 Commands 1000 Received Line Status and Modem Status information is enclosed in braces Transmitted Line Status and Modem Status information is enclosed in parenthesis The Line Status and Modem Status information consists of three bytes each a letter and two hex digits The Line Status information is encoded as LXX where the L indicates Line Status and the are the actual hex digits The digits represent the contents of the COM1 RS 232 UART Line Status Register The Modem Status information is encoded as MXX where the indicates Modem Status and the XX are the actual hex digits The XX digits represent the contents of the COM1 RS 232 UART Modem Status Register The spy command shows the status of the above parameters for the CONSOLE port the COM1 RS 232 port if the EM1000 is in configu ration mode and the Telnet port To set spy on these ports it is necessary to actually set the value from that port For examp
109. vailable in an OEM version that has no brand markings on the covers Development Kit The Development Kit enables customers to evaluate the EM1000 and to develop applications The Development Kit includes the following items One external 24 DC 400 mA power supply Two cables to connect the EM1000 to a PC serial port one cable has male DE9 end for the CONSOLE port one cable has a female DE9 end for the COM1 RS 232 port One PC to 10 pin header connecting cable to configure the EM1010 One Ethernet crossover patch cable orange e User s manual with schematics Power Supply The 24 V DC 400 mA power supply is available separately Ethernet Hub A four port Ethernet hub with its own power supply is available The Ethernet hub allows EM1000s and other Ethernet devices to be connected together to simulate a network and can also be used in a real network 14 Overview EM1000 Cable Kit A cable kit with four standard 3 ft 0 91 m Ethernet patch cables blue is available For ordering information or for more details about the N various options and prices call your Z World Sales Representative at 530 757 3737 Software The EM1000 uses a DOS based operating system All the necessary software is supplied already loaded Refer to Chapter 3 Configuration Reference and to Chapter 4 Commands for complete details on commands and how to develop and use applications with the EM1000
110. wledgments and you have a heavily loaded Ethernet network then you may need to lower the baud rates and or increase the dead time between your serial device transmissions Make sure the baud rates parity and stop bit settings of the attached device and the EM1000 are the same Failure to do so will result in short term lock up of the unit Do not twist the wire pair used to connect the RS 232 signals to the EM1000 This leads to crosstalk and to possible lock ups The Ethernet category 5 cable is stranded and twisted and although the RS 232 wire may be stranded the wire pair must not be twisted Ifthe unit locks up try resetting the unit by Telnetting to it and reas signing it the same address it already has If this doesn t work you may need to reset the unit manually e fyourunit locks up occasionally try tweaking the baud rates e g if your attached device is set to 9600 then try baud 9605 or baud 9595 and see if this fixes the problem This should be a last resort 110 Operating Tips EM1000 When buffertimeout 0 or buffertimeout is a large value and you are using bufferlength to initiate packetization and sending of the data be aware that the EM1000 may end up with some data stored in its internal buffer waiting for additional data to come into its serial port or waiting for the long timeout to occur The data are not lost they are just waiting for the EM1000 buffer to be triggered to send it
111. wn for at least 5 seconds to initiate the reset Ti Use the programming cable supplied with the Developer s Kit to avoid problems with mismatched plugs Ti Connect a ground strap from the enclosure to a solid earth ground when installing the 1000 in a network Mount the EM1000 away from sources of high voltages Ti p strong magnetic fields or in areas where the temperature rating of the unit may be exceeded Be sure to string the Ethernet cables away from those same areas EM1000 Getting Started 21 Blank 22 Getting Started EM1000 CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Chapter 3 describes the built in flexibility of the EM1000 and describes how to configure the available inputs outputs The following sections are included Inputs and Outputs Operation Configuring the COM1 RS 232 Port Specific Configurations for a Real Network Software Description EM1000 Configuration Reference 23 Inputs and Outputs The EM1000 has three ports on its back end as shown in Figure 3 1 CTL Ground strap Figure 3 1 EM1000 Ports The three ports are described below DE9 CONSOLE port used to configure EM1000 This port appears as 10 pin header J2 on the EM1010 DE9 COM1 RS 232 port to connect serial device RJ 45 Ethernet port Figures 3 2 3 3 and 3 4 show the pinouts for these three ports CONSOLE a 5 8 53 E gt 2 29207 ee 97531 352
112. xcept to actually GO there and hook up to the CONSOLE port In the initial release of the software the following commands could not be executed via Telnet or the COM1 RS 232 port exit gateway my and netmask In the 01 13 2000 version of the software the hostip command could also be executed from the COM1 RS 232 port The 03 27 2000 version of the software also allows my ip netmask and gateway to be changed via the Telnet port This feature should be exercised with caution since changing these paramaters will cause the Telnet session to be lost It will be necessary to re establish the Telnet session to the new IP address If you want the new param eters to be used after an EM1000 reset or power cycle you need to issue this command after the new Telnet session is established SHOW DWN EM Q Why is the built in editor so primitive Why can t we provide a full screen editor A This is due to the fact that the only way to display information in the EM1000 is to send it to a terminal device through the serial port There would be no efficient way to refresh the screen after each keystroke The editor is line based so you basically type a command on a line or insert a line then the modem responds with a full line or bunch of lines Since the editing requirements for the product are quite slim this approach is not hard to deal with EM1000 Frequently Asked Questions 115 Can the 1000 be used in a point to multipoint

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