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1. r Entity Data File Name Entity Data File Path Entity Caption Exit HI Save Lead save txt V Enable Save As r Data Configuration Cancel File Column Dynamics ltems User Data Items BRK time Entity ID BB x y i z X GH 4 xrot BEB 4 yrot ela ess BYR 4 craftmask r Entity Time Format GH crafttype Delta Elapsed GE s eng Ground Level 8 Jalpha Add to Altitude GR bet em i IZ Solid Ground BRR M Scripted Camera GH BEB sfc01 Bn Off GEE s sfcO2 Camera Script File BEB 4 sfcO3 fl BEB sfc04 mfe a ad Al r Visible Components Global Scaling Ta Sign Selected a Color Offset press color to change id Aai Ribbon Ribbon ay KESS m T Entity V Path I Pot T Starboard IF Flight Path p IV Ribbons hm mh Figure 5 1 Playback Configuration Dialog Chapter 5 Data Playback 62 Pintary Capitan Tire Appas Tire Tepes Pain Length Prija Length Paii Hiini Taal Cdiv Fii jH BE r l Figure 5 2 Entity Caption Configuration Dialog 5 2 2 10 Entity Visible If this block is checked then the entity is visible during playback If not the entity will not be present during playback 5 2 2 11 Entity Ground Level gt Add To Altitude If this block is checked then the altitude of the ground level below thw entity is added
2. inches ay int view_Brot_y View left right int view_Brot_x View up down float Frot dZ vertical velocity pseudo third minutes sec float Frot_dY north velocity pseudo third minutes sec float Frot dX east velocity pseudo third minutes sec SY int Brot_Z vertical rotation pseudo third minutes ay int Brot_Y north rotation pseudo third minutes int Brot_X east rotation pseudo third minutes xf float Fpos_ddZ altitud accelerate pseudo half inches sec sec float Fpos_ddY latitud accelerate pseudo half inches sec sec float Fpos_ddx longitude accelerate pseudo half inches sec sec float Fpos_ dZ altitude velocity pseudo half inches sec float Fpos_ dY latitude velocity pseudo half inches sec xf float Fpos AK longitude velocity pseudo half inches sec i int Ipos_Z altitude linear pseudo half inches y int Ipos_Y latitude linear pseudo half inches A int Ipos_X longitude linear pseudo half inches float current warhead total warhead pounds of TNT xf float current_fuel total fuel pounds int render mask craft rendering mask MASK CANOPY etc y int ground Ipos_Z height of ground pseudo half inches ay char ground_slope_Y slope of the ground unitless Z Y 128 char ground slope_X slope of the ground unitless Z2 X 128 u_char gro
3. Aircraft Mask Category Hexadecimal Nothing 0x00000000 Canopy 0x00000001 Engine 0x00000002 Engine_Port 0x00000004 Engine_Starboard 0x00000008 Engine_Opening 0x00000010 Engine_Opening_Port 0x00000020 Engine Opening Starboard 0x00000040 Exhaust 0x00000080 Exhaust_Port 0x00000100 Exhaust_Starboard 0x00000200 Fuselage 0x00000400 Gear_Fore 0x00000800 Gear_Port 0x00001000 Gear_Starboard 0x00002000 Gear_Opening_Fore 0x00004000 Gear_Opening_Port 0x00008000 Gear Opening Starboard 0x00010000 Articulated_Surface_01 0x00020000 Articulated_Surface_02 0x00040000 Articulated_Surface_03 0x00080000 Articulated_Surface_04 0x00100000 Articulated_Surface_05 0x00200000 Articulated_Surface_06 0x00400000 Articulated_Surface_07 0x00800000 Articulated_Surface_08 0x01000000 Articulated_Surface_09 0x02000000 Articulated_Surface_10 0x04000000 Articulated_Surface_11 0x08000000 Articulated_Surface_12 0x10000000 Articulated_Surface_13 0x20000000 Articulated_Surface_14 0x40000000 Everything OxF 7FFFFFF Scripted Camera Scripted Camera mode causes the playback to set and change camera positions based on commands loaded from the File On Off Turns the scripted camera command on and off e Camera Script File Pressing this button brings up a file selection dialog window to select the camera script file Chapter 5 Data Playback 66 The formats for commands in this file are as follows A
4. DO THEY LIMIT OR CAUSED BY RasSimTech s NE Limitation of EXCLUDE E OF A BUSINESS NEITHER ANY LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY trl GLIGENCE Liabilit EGLIGENCE SHALL RasSimT OUENTIAL 5 N INDIRECT OR CONSE L O R CONSEQUENTIAL ICENSE SOME JURISDICTI DAMAGES y UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES INCLUDING ech BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL SPECIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS ONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL SO THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU In Gl no event shall RasSimTech s total liability to you for all damages exceed the amount 6 Export Regulat the Software exce the jurisdiction of fift ons Y pt as au in which but without limit ation t y dollars 50 00 ou may not use or otherwise export or reexport thorized by United States law and the laws of the Software was obtained In particular he Software may not be exported or reexported i into or to a national or resident of any U S embargoed country or ii to anyone Designated Nation Denial Orders B you are not locat any such country 7 Government End States Government on the als or t y using ed in u or on an Users the So U S Treasury Department s list of Sp
5. Left and Right Buttons Changes set point of camera during flight cam view Right Button Left Right Command rudder 4 3 2 2 With Joystick Table 4 9 Mouse Controls with Joystick Mouse Button Resulting Action Left Move mouse forward back to set throttle Left and Right Buttons Changes set point of camera during flight cam view Right Move mouse left right to change rudder Forward Back Left Right Rotates viewing perspective Caution this command is active when the joystick entry Use Keyboard Mouse for Throttle is checked This command is active when the joystick entry Use Keyboard Mouse for rudder is checked 4 3 3 Keyboard Table 4 10 Keyboard Commands Command Resulting Action Joystick select or s Select weapon S Select no weapon Joystick fire or Return Fire selected weapon Joystick throttle a Increase throttle Joystick throttle A Maximum throttle Joystick throttle d Decrease throttle Joystick throttle D Minimum Throttle b Brakes on off f Flaps down F Flaps up A Start recording flight data erases previously saved data in memory if it exists g Gear up down AVDS Users Manual 51 4 4 Recording Data Data recording can be initiated re initiated any time during the Interactive Simulation Recording is initiated re initiated by pressing the shift 6 key When the shift 6 Key is pressed duri
6. 0 0872664625997164788461845384244306 define FILTER PARAMETER 0 95 f18 packet dUserData USER DATA Filter_X FILTER PARAMETER f18 packet dUserData USER DATA Filter_Y FILTER PARAMETER f18 packet dUserData USER DATA Filter_Z FILTER PARAMETER AVDS Users Manual 81 GET AIRCRAFT Receive AVDS aircraft packets from the network int Get_Aircraft void CALLBACK pAircraftCallback Aircraft aP Aircraft aP RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER finclude lt UserNetwork lib gt PARAMETERS void CALLBACK pAircraftCallback Aircraft aP this is a user supplied callback function that is invoked to process the aircraft packets received after the call to Get _Aircraft Aircraft aP this is a pointer to the aircraft structure see that is used to transfer aircraft dynamics data to the AVDS network packet REMARKS After a call to Get_Aircraft the user supplied function pAircraftCallback is called by the networking library to process the gueue of packets that have been received since the last call to Get Aircraft B AVDS Network Library Functions 82 C Airports Introduction This help screen describes the airports available in AVDS Version 1 0 contains 59 airports 22 in the San Francisco bay area and 37 in the Hawaiian islands The AVDS startup screen does not display all of the airports only the major ones Airport Runways The
7. User s Manual AVIATOR VISUAL DESIGN SIMULATOR AVDS User Manual Windows NT 95 98 2000 XP February 2006 Copyright 1997 1998 Artificial Horizons Inc All rights reserved Copyright 1998 2006 RasSimTech Ltd All rights reserved RASMUSS EN SIM ULATION T HI ECHNOLOGI LTD F SOFTWARE LICENS Pi tr RTANT FULLY B F PJ F EAD THIS SOFTWARE LIC F ENSE F AGR EM EN T LICENSE PLEASE O ai E F NING THIS PACKAG U O HI HOUOOH T H ING THI D BY T HIS LIC EFOR E PACKAG HE TERMS ENS RE Gl OR INSTALLING T OF THIS LICENSE URN THIS PROD F IF YOU UCT TO RASM F H NOLOGI 17 LT ES D 1 disk License in read only memory The software Software and d OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWA HIS SOFTWAR a YOU A RI BY RING TO Bl G e RE AGR F E DO NOT AG USSEN SIM ocumentat on any other media or in any other form licensed to you by Rasmussen Simulation Technologies RasSimTech Sof the same copyright a for i nd ot the Software as it appears on the original the RasSimTech Software is recorded but RasSimTech and or RasSimTech s licensor s be used only on a single controlled by you comput
8. long rc lat_rc indicate the location the color num_ rows 1 num _cols 1 NOTE All longitudes are measured in degrees from the Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Eguator Filename points to the pathname of a file containing the colors that are to be converted The file must contain the color data in the format of arrayed atl color _struct structure struct atl struct color color num rows num cols The file usually contains the colors from digital data Landsat or a rasterized photograph that is to be used to color the terrain Each color contains a red green and blue color component in the range from 0 black to 255 full intensity Each color also contains an alpha component in the range from 0 color not used to 255 color fully used which indicates how the color should be blended into the database The atl_struct_color structure is defined in lt atl h gt as follows struct atl_struct_ color unsigned char alpha unsigned char blue unsigned char green unsigned char red y num rows num cols number of rows and columns in the color array gamma Sometimes raster images are gamma corrected by an amount so that they appear correct when displayed on a monitor The colors are converted by atl_color from gamma corrected space to linear color space where calculations are done If the image is already in linear color space gamma should be set to 1 0 If the image has been gamma corrected
9. placed in the first column causes the line to be ignored A must be placed in the first column of a command line Basic syntax for a command line is as follows DeltaTime CamType fl f2 3 where EntityNum DeltaTime is the amount of time in seconds that the command is active CamType is the numerical type of camera 0 Cockpit 1 Wingman Cam 2 Flight Cam 3 Flight Cam Follow 4 Track Cam f1 f2 f3 vary based on the type of camera selected see Table 5 2 below Ent ityNum is the aircraft entity that the camera will be locked to Table 5 14 Scripted Camera Selections for CamType and f1 f2 and f3 CamType f1 f2 f3 Remarks 0 n a n a n a 1 Distance n a n a Distance in feet 2 Azimuth Elevation Distance Az Ele in degrees Distance in feet 3 Azimuth Elevation Distance Az Ele in degrees Distance in feet 4 Latitude Longitude Height lat long in degrees decimal Height in feet 4 90 0 n a Height Move set point to current aircraft position 53 Playback Controls During animation of user defined data action is controlled with the playback toolbar or with the keyboard and mouse using the following commands Caution the keyboard The following keyboard commands use the numeric pad on E 6 left arrow increase playback speed by 1X Causes the step size of the playback pointer to be increased by 1X This has the effect of increasing the integer playback sp
10. 27 2450 x 60 Lihue ID LIH Elevation 149 Rwy 03 21 6000 x 100 Rwy H1 64 x 64 Port Allen ID PAK Elevation 24 Rwy NW SE 1500 x 40 Princeville ID HIO1 Elevation 320 Rwy 05 23 3380 x 40 C Airports City Kekaha HI Owner US Navy Rwy 16 34 6000 x 150 City Puhi HI Owner McBryde Sugar Co City Hanamaulu HI Owner Lihue Plantation Co City Kealia HI Owner Lihue Plantation Co City Kekaha HI Owner Kekaha Sugar Co City Lihue HI Owner Hawaii St Arpts Div Rwy 17 35 6500 x 150 City Hanapepe HI Owner Hawaii St Arpts Div City Hanalei HI Owner Princeville Develop 90 Oahu Airports Not to scale Kaneohe Bay HCAS Figure 6 Oahu Airports Barbers Point NAS John Rodgers Field ID NAX Elevation 34 Rwy 04L 22R 8330 x 200 Rwy 11 29 8411 x 200 Dillingham Airfield ID HDH Elevation 15 Rwy 08 26 9000 x 75 Ford Island ALF ID NPS Elevation 18 Rwy 04 22 4000 x 50 Honolulu IntOl ID HNL Elevation 13 Rwy 04L 22R 6953 x 150 Rwy 08L 26R 12 357 x 150 Rwy H1 100 x 100 Kaneohe Bay MCAS Mokapu Point ID NGF Elevation 18 Rwy 04 22 7767 x 200 AVDS Users Manual City Ewa HI Owner US Navy Rwy 04R 22L 8330 x 200 City Mokuleia HI Owner US Army City Honolulu HI Owner US Navy City Honolulu HI Owner Hawaii St amp USAF Rwy 04R 22L
11. Available in All Modes Command Action Description AVDS Users Manual 13 Wingman view Flies in formation with aircraft c Flight cam view Tied to aircraft center of gravity heading set with respect to the earth cC Flight cam view Tied to aircraft center of gravity heading rotates with the aircraft t Track cam view Stationary position rotates to follow aircraft T Track cam view Changes track camera position to present aircraft location or Moves closer Moves camera toward aircraft Jor Moves away Moves camera away from aircraft Or gt Pan Right Shift heading counter clockwise about the aircraft Or lt Pan Left Shift heading clockwise about the aircraft or Pan Up Moves camera up or_ Pan Down Moves camera down Ziz Zoom In Out Zoom track camera in out Table 2 4 Mouse Control for Flight Cam View All Modes Mouse Button Resulting Action Both Buttons Pressing these buttons with motion of the mouse changes the set point of the flight cam view Table 2 5 Keyboard Commands for Interactive Simulation Modes Command Resulting Action Joystick select or s Select weapon S Select no weapon Joystick fire or Return Fire selected weapon Joystick throttle or a Increase throttle Joystick throttle A Maximum throttle Joystick throttle d Decrease throttle Joystick throttle D Minimum Throttle b Brakes on off
12. Chapter 5 Data Playback for details about data playback and this window Configure Visibility Displays a window for adjustments to the horizontal visibility in miles see TIP Reducing the visibility increases the refresh rate of the graphics AVDS Users Manual 23 3 4 1 18 Figure 3 7 Visibility dialog Configure Terrain Detail Displays a window for configuration of terrain rendering see On this window is a slider to change the terrain detail level Adjustments to the terrain detail level change the number of polygons that are use to form the terrain This level is adjustable from 0 to 10 Also on this page is a button to turn terrain rendering off and on No Terrain The bottom button on the page toggles between smooth Gouraud shading and flat shading Each Flat shaded polygon is one color With a smooth shaded polygon the vertex colors are interpolated across the polygon Since the speed that the terrain is rendered is a major factor in determining the frame rate of the simulation or animation the user can greatly increase the frame rate by reducing the terrain detail Terrain Detail Figure 3 8 Terrain Detail dialog Chapter 3 Running AVDS 24 3 4 1 19 Configure Height Exaggeration Displays a window for changing the terrain height exaggeration see The range is between 1 and 4 Exaggeration X 2 Figure 3 9 Terrain height Exaggeration dialog 3 4 1 20 Configure Li
13. Rwy 07L 25R 4005 x 100 Marin Ranch ID CA35 Elevation 5 Rwy 04 22 2140 x 30 Mazza ID 58Q Elevation 20 Rwy 18 36 1100 x 10 Metro Oakland IntOl ID OAK Elevation 64 Rwy 11 29 10 000 x 150 Rwy 09L 27R 5453 x 150 Moffett Field NAS ID NUQ Elevation 34 Rwy 14L 32R 9200 x 200 Napa County ID APC Elevation 33 Rwy 18R 36L 5931 x 150 Rwy 18L 36R 2500 x 75 AVDS Users Manual Owner Marin Countyy City Half Moon Bay CA Owner San Mateo County City San Rafael CA Owner US Army ATCA ASO City Hayward CA Owner City of Hayward Rwy 10L 28R 3107 x 75 City Livermore CA Owner City of Livermore Rwy 07R 25L 27009 x 75 City San Rafael CA Owner Marin Ranch Airport City Petaluma CA Owner Joseph Tognalda City Oakland CA Owner Port of Oakland Rwy 09R 27L 6212 x 150 Rwy 15 33 3366 x 75 City Moffett CA Owner US Navy Rwy 14R 32L 8120 x 200 City Napa CA Owner Napa County Rwy 06 24 5007 x 150 87 Palo Alto ID PAO Elevation 5 Rwy 12 30 2500 x 65 Pataluma Muni ID O69 Elevation 87 Rwy 11 29 3600 x 75 Reid Hillview ID RHV Elevation 133 Rwy 13L 31R 3101 x 75 San Carlos ID SQL Elevation 2 Rwy 12 30 2600 x 75 San Francisco IntOl ID SFO Elevation 11 Rwy OIR 19L 8901 x 200 Rwy 10L 28R 11 870 x 200 San Jose I
14. atl_ color post atl elevation AVDS Users Manual 105 E DXF to AVDS Conversion utility GENERAL This utility is a windows based program that converts 3D graphics files from Autodesk s AutoC AD DXF format to the AVDS craft file format The only 3D DXF elements supported are the 3DFACE and POLYLINE elements ADDING NEW AVDS CRAFT FILES To add a new craft to AVDS craft E 3 1 USER INTERFACE The following figure is the main dialog window rr Convert From Dxf to AVDS a Pre fin Convert Input File this is the entry blank for the file containing the DXF data Note pressing the button ni will bring up a dialog a file open window to aid in file selection Output File this is the entry blank for the file that will contain the resulting AVDS craft data Note pressing the button H will bring up a dialog a file open window to aid in file selection Two Sided Polygons Checking this block causes two polygons to be drawn for each DXF 3DFACE each one visible from one side This feature is used when some of the 3DFACE polygons are not facing in the direction required to make them visible Full Craft File Checking this block causes all of the extra elements necessary for an AVDS craft file to be added to the output file If this block is not checked the user will need to add the contents of the output file to another file that contains the extra craft information Add Colors Checking this block causes the
15. educators and other researchers interested in aerospace research and development 11 1 Users and Uses The following list describes potential users and the functions and capabilities provided by AVDS Beginning Aeronautical Aerospace Engineering Students to explore and solve aeronautical aerospace problems set up by the instructor E Aero Educators to demonstrate aeronautical principles to students E Advanced Aero Students and their Facility Advisors for advanced aeronautical research Aircraft Designers to interactively simulate designs and animate the result of batch simulations Prototype Concept Aircraft Designers to animate mock up aerospace vehicles for demonstration and marketing Flight Control System Designers for flight control system research and development Aircraft Component Designers Engines Inlets Wings INS GPS etc to simulate the component on a surrogate aircraft over the operating envelope Flight Test Engineers to fly the flight test maneuvers before the actual test download and animate flight test data real time and animated post test analysis Accident Reconstruction to reconstruct accidents from black box data to find cause and to help prevent future accidents 1 1 2 User Prereguisites Designed as a joint project between Artificial Horizons Inc AHI and the United States Air Force the software and manual were created based on the user already having a certain level
16. Font This drop down list displays the available fonts Line Spacing Changes the spacing between the lines of text in the Caption area Character Size Font size in points AVDS Users Manual 119 Inputs Time this is the time used to make captions appear and disappear It is also used to cause the captions to fade in or fade out Outputs none G UserCodeBlock Samples 120
17. aircraft and flight control system models in near real time while representing the vehicle dynamics graphically and at the same time allowing the user to interactively pass commands to the simulated aircraft The simulation model consists of two parts model structure and model parameters 4 1 1 Model Structure Model structure consists of executable subroutines that define how the model parameters are used to produce the dynamics required to simulate the aircraft The model structure can either be a user defined structure or an existing AVDS structure To incorporate a user defined structure the user must compile the user defined structure with supplied AVDS libraries This is accomplished with the assistance of a MAKE file and is described later in this chapter AVDS comes with built in model structures that allow the user to simulate jet aircraft 4 1 2 Model Parameters Model parameters are used to cause the model structure to produce dynamics that mimic those of a given aircraft The model parameters are specified in a parameter file and read into AVDS at the time the Interactive Simulation begins This allows the user to change model parameters at any time between simulation runs without the need to recompile the program The parameters are specified in the parameter file in the form of look up tables That is these parameters can be scheduled based on any of the aircraft dynamic variables e g dynamic pressure mach altitude et
18. algorithm uses extra normals to the polygons that make up the vehicle graphics to create a uniform transition in lighting between adjacent polygons This transforms vehicles with relatively few polygons to appear very smooth and finished The Antialiasing button controls the application of antialiasing to the scene Antialiasing removes jagged edges on lines on lower resolution screens Maximum Frame Update Rate sets the maximum number of times per second that the scene is redrawn on the screen This slider should set to the minimum acceptable level for smooth update rate This frees the CPU to run other processes that are available for execution Dynamics Update Rate set the target maximum update rate for the dynamics blocks If the processor is able it will check for required updates for each of the blocks at this rate Rendering and Update Rate Options Vehicle Rendering Smoothing Antialiasing Maximum Frame Update Rate E r Dynamics Update Rate MSec Hz l 1 10000 Figure 3 19 Rendering Options dialog window AVDS Users Manual 33 3 4 1 28 Configure Feet to Longitude Correction Selecting this option causes a correction to be applied to all input east west position data to account for the difference in conversion from feet to longitude due to changes in latitude This conversion is necessary when absolute position above the terrain is reguired The conversion
19. chart Add This button will move the file s selected from the Available Signals list to the Signals to Plot list Note double clicking a signal in the Available Signals list will also move it to the Signals to Plot list Remove This button will move the file s selected from the Signals to Plot list to the Available Signals list Note double clicking a signal in the Signals to Plot list will also move it to the Available Signals list Remove All This button moves all of the signals in the Signals to Plot list back to the Available Signals lists Chart Number This is the currently selected chart It is limited to the value set in Number of Charts Number of Charts This set the number of charts available for plotting signals Refresh Rate This set the refresh rate of the chart in cycles per second Hz Note setting to high of a refresh rate can slow the simulation conversely setting too low of a refresh rate does not allow the display of high frequency phenomena Window Size This is the width of the window in points Note new points are added at the rate of set in Refresh Rate Smaller Window Sizes show less of the time history but scroll faster Larger Window Sizes show more time history but scroll slower Chapter 3 Running AVDS 28 Figure 3 14 Charts Configuration dialog window while configuring charts for simulation 3 4 1 24 2 Configure Charts Playback Pushing the Playback button in the Confi
20. conversion utility to add color statements into the craft after every group of entities This marks the transitions between blocks This is most useful when there are no colors define in the DXF file Convert Pressing this button causes the conversion to take place 106 Adjustments Pressing this button causes the Adjustments dialog window see below to open The following figure is the Adjustments dialog window Adjustments to output figure The adjustments made in this window will be applied to the converted out figure during the conversion process Translate Adjustment of these three sliders causes the output figure to be moved linearly translated in the three axes Resize Adjustment of these three sliders causes the output figure to be scaled resized in the three axes AVDS Users Manual 107 F UserCodeBlock General The UserCodeBlock UCB introduced in version 1 3 is a programming interface that makes it possible for users to create and use programs that are integrated with AVDS With a UCB a user can add do things such as add multiple vehicles during interactive simulation draw their own HUD or radar display in the AVDS window during playback or interactive simulation UCB are written in C and are based on the class CCodeBlockUser The C code is compiled into a dynamic link library DLL which is loaded when AVDS is first started As explained below the built in functions in the U
21. f Flaps down F Flaps up A Start recording flight data erases previously saved data in memory if it exists g Gear up down Table 2 6 Mouse Control for Interactive Simulation and Networked Modes without Joystick enabled Mouse Movement Resulting Action Forward Backward Commands stick pitch inputs Left Right Commands stick roll inputs Left Button Forward Backward Changes throttle value Chapter 2 Quick Reference 14 Both Buttons 4 Movement Changes set point of camera during flight cam view Right Button Left Right Command rudder Table 2 7 Numeric Keypad Commands for Playback Mode Keypad Command Resulting Action 6 Left Arrow Increase forward speed by 1X 4 Right Arrow Decrease forward speed by 1X 5 Pause 9 Pg Up Forward normal speed 8 Up Arrow Increase speed scale factor by 0 1 2 Down Arrow Decrease speed scale factor by 0 1 7 Home Beginning of playback file 1 End End of playback file AVDS Users Manual 15 Chapter 3 Running AVDS 31 AVDS Set Up When AVDS is installed there are eight main subdirectories under the installation directory They are bin craft manual model ports terrain userfiles and Utilities see The Utilities directory contains five main subdirectories Utilities GeometryUtility Utilities MA TLABToolbox Utilities network Utilities SharedMemoryLibray and Utilities terr
22. for sending receiving packets e mport represents the multicast port for sending receiving packets the iii s represent the host address for sending receiving packets e iport represents the host port for sending receiving packets e multicast addresses must be between 224 0 1 0 and 239 255 255 255 each portion of the address mmm or iii must be between 0 and 255 mport iii and iport are optional elements REMARKS Before AVDS packets can be sent and received the network connection must be opened with the OpenAVDSNetwork function 76 CLOSEAVDSNETWORK Closes all open AVDS network connections int CloseA VDSNetwork RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt UserNetwork lib gt REMARKS This functions must be called to close AVDS network connections before new connections can be opened AVDS Users Manual 77 INIT AIRCRAFT Initializes the data structure for an AVDS aircraft int Init_Aircraft Aircraft aP char name int id int craft float Ing float lat float alt RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt UserNetwork lib gt PARAMETERS Aircraft aP this is a pointer to the aircraft structure see below that is used to transfer aircraft dynamics data to the AVDS network packet char nam the name identifier of the aircraft that th
23. function processes the information in the aircraft structure and inserts it in an AVDS packet and sends it on the local network NOTE The following networking functionality is invoked through the use of the dUserData array in the packet If the STATUS NO EXTRAPOLATE bit is set in the status variable of the packet as in the following example then AVDS will not extrapolate the positions and rotations between packet updates Also the following variables are set using elements from the dUserData array in the packet Velocity in feet second gt dUserDbata USER DATA V_FeetSec Gs gt dUserData USER DATA Gs Angle of attack in radians gt dUserData USER_DATA_Alpha_Rad Sideslip Angle in radians gt dUserData USER_DATA_Beta_Rad Dynamics updates are filtered using the following formula Datapry 1 0 FilterValue Datayry FilterValue Dat ra asr Filter parameters range from 0 0 to 1 0 Filter Parameter for X position filters gt dUserData USER DATA Filter X Filter Parameter for Y position filters gt dUserData USER DATA Filter_Y Filter Parameter for Z position filters gt dUserData USER DATA Filter_Z E FOR EXAMPLE f18 packet status STATUS NO EXTRAPOLATE f18 packet dUserData USER DATA V_FeetSec 300 f18 packet dUserData USER DATA Gs 1 2 f18 packet dUserData USER DATA Alpha_Rad 0 0872664625997164788461845384244306 f18 packet dUserData USER DATA Beta_Rad
24. installation directory and assumes the default directory structure 16 When users make working copies of AVDS directories they must update the avds ini file either with a text editor or recommended by modifying the entries in the properties window Faure 34 3 1 2 The craft directory The craft directory contains files that enable the user to change the appearance of existing or add new aircraft images Files in this directory include a craftcap file used to identify aircraft image definition files a compiled version of this file craftcap o and sample aircraft image definition files See Appendix A Craftcap file formats for more information on the craftcap and aircraft image definition files 313 The manual directory The manual directory contains this manual and other documentation 3 1 4 The model directory The model directory contains files that enable the user to change the structure of existing or add new FCS and aircraft simulations Files in this directory and subdirectories include a modelcap file used to identify user defined models sample MS Visual C projects used to compile user code into a suitable dynamic link library and sample FCS and aircraft models source code See Chapter 4 for information on adding user defined models to AVDS 3 1 5 The ports directory The ports directory contains files that define the airport and other structural images used in AVDS Files in this directory include a portscap file
25. joystick functions Use Keyboard Mouse If the joystick is in use and this block is checked the mouse or for Rudder keyboard commands are used for Rudder input see Table 2 5 Use Keyboard Mouse If the joystick is in use and this block is checked the mouse or for Throttle keyboard commands are used for Throttle input see Table 2 5 AVDS Users Manual 31 3 4 1 26 Configure Network Selecting Network brings up the Networking Configuration dialog window see This dialog is used to manage the following Simulation ID change the string used to identify this simulation on the network The Simulation ID is an alphanumeric string that is sent with the networking packets during distributed simulation mode Simulation ID is used to distinguish this simulation from others in the same multicast session Installed Multicast Addresses manages the network related addresses used for the simulation Installed Multicast Addresses controls which multicast addresses to use to send receive packets to from the port numbers of those addresses which internet protocol IP address packets are sent from and the port number of those IP addresses The only reguired entry is the multicast address and there can be multiple multicast addresses Essentially multicast uses IP to transmit packets to many computers at one time Computers can receive these multicast transmissions if they are set to listen to the multicast address that is bein
26. of gravity 3 4 3 4 Cameras TrackCam In TrackCam view the viewpoint is fixed with respect to the earth This gives the user the ability to view the flight path of the simulation or playback TrackCam view provides situational awareness in that the entire area of operations can be viewed at one time See the command list in Table 3 4 Table 3 4 Commands for TrackCam View Command Resulting Action t Invokes TrackCam mode fixed with respect to the earth Also moves to the TrackCam set point T Resets the TrackCam set point to the current aircraft position Or gt Pan right Moves the position of the viewpoint to change the angle between a line from the viewpoint to the center of gravity of the aircraft and the x body axis of the aircraft Or lt Pan left Moves the position of the viewpoint to change the angle between a line from the viewpoint center of gravity of the aircraft and the x body axis of the aircraft or Move in Moves the viewpoint radially closer to the aircraft center of gravity or Move out Moves the viewpoint radially farther from the aircraft center of gravity or Pan up Increases the vertical distance of the viewpoint with respect to the aircraft which moves the viewpoint parallel to the z body axis of the aircraft or_ Pan down Decreases the vertical offset of the viewpoint with respect to the aircraft which moves the viewpoint parallel to the z body axis of the aircraft 2 Z Zoom in out Does not
27. of the vehicle image NOTE this signal contains color information that is constructed in Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 48 the following manner ColorSignal Transparency 2 24 Blue 2 16 Green 2 8 Red Where Transparency Blue Green and Red are values that range between 0 and 255 ColorFlightPath A signal containing color and transparency data that will be used for the flight path marker ColorRibbonPort A signal containing color and transparency data that will be used for the port ribbon marker ColorRibbonStarboard A signal containing color and transparency data that will be used for the starboard ribbon marker ScaleX A scale factor that will be applied to the X axis of the vehicle ScaleY A scale factor that will be applied to the Y axis of the vehicle ScaleZ A scale factor that will be applied to the Z axis of the vehicle HUDEntry01 This signal will appear in the 01 data location of the HUD HUDEntry02 This signal will appear in the 02 data location of the HUD HUDEntry03 This signal will appear in the 03 data location of the HUD HUDEntry04 This signal will appear in the 04 data location of the HUD NOTE AVDS uses the following definitions LINEAR MOTION Body axes x positive forward through the nose y positive to the right through the right wing z positive down Earth fixed axes X positive north Y positive east Z po
28. or playback Space Switch view to other vehicles Shift space Switch view to primary vehicle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Switch to selected vehicle number Note 0 is the primary simulation vehicle F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 Holding down one of these keys while selecting one of the 0 9 keys F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 adds an offset to the selected vehicle number F2 adds 10 F3 adds 20 F4 adds 30 and F12 adds 110 For example to select vehicle 52 press the F6 and 2 keys at the same time i Flight path marker display on off Flight path marker generation on off Wing tip ribbon display on off Wing tip ribbon generation on off Strip charts on off Velocity vector on off Earth axes on off Stability axes on off Body axes on off z 5x o lt 323 HUD off on Table 2 2 Mouse Control for Interactive Simulation and Networked Modes with Joystick enabled Mouse Button Resulting Action Left Move mouse forward back to set throttle Both Changes set point of camera during flight cam view Right Move mouse left right to change rudder Forward Back Left Right Rotates viewing perspective This command is active when the Joystick Configuration check box Use Keyboard Mouse for Throttle is checked This command is active when the Joystick Configuration check box Use Keyboard Mouse for rudder is checked Table 2 3 Keyboard Commands for Camera Views
29. program structure by modifying user defined code blocks 4 6 2 Look up Tables Look up tables are located in the parameter files The names of these files are specified in the Interactive Simulation Configuration window A look up table is used to model the variations of a given parameter in relation to given variables For instance a look up table can be used to model changes in a parameter such as a stability derivative due to changes in variables such as angle of attack and pitch rate AVDS Users Manual 53 4 6 2 1 Format The format of the Look Up tables is shown below comments parameter_name dim1 dim2 dim3 var1 var2 var3 scale factor bias var3 1 var1 1 var1 2 var1 dim1 var2 1 data 1 1 1 data 2 1 1 data dim1 1 1 var2 dim2 data 1 dim2 1 data 2 dim2 1 data dim1 dim2 1 var3 dim3 var1 1 var1 2 var1 dim1 var2 1 data 1 1 dim3 data dim1 1 dim3 m A must be placed in the first column of any line of comments m A must be placed in the first column of any line that contains a table configuration E parameter_name the name of the parameter specified in the user code block for the particular FCS or aircraft structure m dim1 dim2 dim3 the dimensions of this look up table E vari var2 var3 the independent variables to use as indices in the look up table These will appear as inputs to the FCS or aircraft using this parameter file m scale factor the value obtained from the look
30. terrain data files flags specifies the depth that will be used to generate the bitmap file only one of the flags below must be used ATL_DEPTH_4 Create rasterfile using 4 bit color data ATL_DEPTH_8 Create rasterfile using 8 bit color data REMARKS The bitmap file can be used as an aid during the development of the terrain data atl_rasterfile creates the bitmap file directly from the color data in the files _ without modifying the colors in any way a g a tl_rasterfile can only be called after the data files have been enerated and postprocessed using atl_color_post and tl_elevation_post SEE ALSO atl_color_post atl_elevation_post D AVDS Terrain Library Functions 104 ATL_SHADING Generate shading in AVDS terrain data files int atl shading double long 00 double lat 00 double long Oc double lat_Oc double long r0 double lat_r0 double long rc double lat rc struct atl_color_struct color double time_of_day RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long_00 lat_00 long_0c lat_0c long Fl lat_r0 long rc lat_rc long 00 and lat_00 long Oc and lat_0c long r0 and lat_r0 and long rc and lat_rc represent the longitudes and latitudes of the locations on the globe of the area bounding box where the shading is to be done All longitudes are measured in degrees from th
31. that complicated scenes produce larger files than simple scenes Camera Dynamics Keeping the camera stationary keeps the background from changing This reduces the amount of information that needs to be saved between key frames Compression Quality Lower compression quality reduces the amount of information saved to the video file Video Playback Rate Quite often a video playback rate of 10 frames per second produces acceptable results Lower playback rates reduce video file sizes If the frame rate is too high media players produce jerky playback of the animation Key Frame Rate The more key frames that are saved the larger the video file is Key frame rate needed depends on the complexity of the scene and the number of moving objects Titles Titles can be added to the video by 1 pause the video capture 2 put a document with the title over the AVDS window i e PowerPoint paint etc 3 record a second of video by pressing the 1 second button 4 remove the title document and resume recording the video Combining Video Scenes Videos with multiple scenes can be constructed by 1 record the initial scene 2 pause the video recording 3 change the playback time using the Playback Time slider change cameras or playback entities 4 unpause the video recording AVDS Users Manual 43 Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 41 General The Interactive Simulation mode gives the user the capability to simulate highly complex
32. which means that the user can re positioned or un dock any of the toolbars to a separate window To move a toolbar select the border of the bar and while holding the left mouse button down move the toolbar to the desired position on the AVDS frame window To un dock a tool bar hold down the Ctrl and then click on a border of the toolbar using the left mouse button The toolbars are controlled from the Toolbars menu shown below File Mode Configure Initialize Cameras Indicators Toolbars Help Main Start Cameras Indicators Playback Messages Status Bar As shown in the menu the toolbars are Main Cameras Indicators and Playback Also included in this menu are controls for turning the Message window and the Status bar off on 2 1 1 Main Toolbar AVDS Mode and Start Controls watani cheer simdsen wdn sine f poy aaa SSE The main toolbar contains a button to switch Network mode on and off and other buttons to control the AVDS modes of operation Observer Simulation Model Simulation and Playback Sim Play and Playback Play This toolbar also contains buttons for beginning and ending START and STOP AVDS operation in the chosen mode 2 1 2 Cameras Toolbar The Camera toolbar contains buttons to select the current camera mode point of view and make adjustment to the camera position There are five camera modes Pilot FCam F FlightCam with fixed azimuth FCam V FlightCam with variable azimuth CCam Cha
33. 9000 x 150 Rwy 08R 26L 12 000 x 200 City Kaneohe HI Owner US Navy 91 Molokai Airports Hoi to scale Kalaupapa ID LUP Elevation 26 Rwy 05 23 2760 x 50 Molokai ID MKK Elevation 454 Rwy 05 23 4494 x 100 Panda ID HI49 Elevation 250 Rwy 07 25 1920 x 55 C Airports Figure 7 Molokai Airports City Kalaupapa HI Owner Hawaii St Airports Div Rwy 17 35 3118 x 100 City Kaunakakai HI Owner Hawaii St Airports Div Rwy 17 35 3118 x 100 City Kaunakakai HI Owner John Hutton Corp 92 Lanai Airports N Not to scale Figure 8 Lanai Airports Lanai ID LNY City Lanai City HI Elevation 1308 Owner Hawaii St Airports Div Rwy 03 21 5000 x 150 AVDS Users Manual 93 Maui Airports ri Kan nn lawn N Hut bo scale Figure 9Maui and Kahoolawe Airports Hana ID HNM City Hana HI Elevation 77 Owner Hawaii St Airports Div Rwy 08 26 3605 x 100 Kahului Maui ID OGG City Kahului HI Elevation 54 Owner Hawaii St Airports Div Rwy 02 20 6995 x 150 Rwy 05 23 4990 x 150 Rwy H1 75 x 75 Kapalua West Maui ID JHM City Lahaina HI Elevation 249 Owner West Maui Airport Inc Rwy 02 20 3000 x 100 C Airports 94 Hawaii Airports Jpobu H aka Ea Panhwi Aaa Fi 7 a Kahaki ywypunaiel Kashole Airstrip N pA lo Wa a View Ranih Ns NW Hat to 5c ale Bradshaw Army Airfi
34. CB enable the user to draw 2D and 3D objects in the AVDS environment run dynamic simulations and control built in AVDS vehicles including movable surfaces such as elevators and ailerons There are four examples of the user of UCBs UserHUD UserRadar UserWingman and UserText These can be found in the directory AVDS model and are documented in appendix G UserHUD implements a heads up display in the UCB UserRadar implements a radar display in a UCB UserWingman implements a second vehicle in a UCB UserText implements the ability to add titles to AVDS CCodeBlockUser This is the base class for all UserCodeBlocks The UCB must inherit from CCodeBlockUser This makes it possible for AVDS to control the execution of the UCB The member functions of CCodeBlockUser represent the connections between the UCB and AVDS Required Header include lt CodeBlockUser h gt Dynamic Link Library DLL Construction There are two symbols required as exports from the UCB DLL These are cbVersion and cbUser Both of these symbols must be defined as globals symbols cb Version is the version number of the CodeBlockUser h file cbUser is an instance of the UCB class The following is a typical declaration extern C double cbVersion VERSION_USER_CODE_BLOCK CUserHUD cbUser Note VERSION USER CODE BLOCK is defined in CodeBlockUser h Variable Types Some of the variable types used were constructed using macro definitions
35. Data File oe LAT 37 793625 LONG 122 32856 ID 23 45 21 22 45 77222 33 time xpos ypos Alt zrot craftype ScaleFactor oo oo oe 0 50000 10000 4500 263 6598083 0 10 9 9 32000 8000 4500 263 6598083 0 10 10 32000 8000 4500 240 1010982 0 10 19 9 20000 1100 4500 240 1010982 0 10 5 2 2 Playback Configuration Window Entries 5 2 2 1 Entity Data File Name Pressing this button brings up a file selection dialog window to select a data file for this entity 5 2 2 2 Entity Data File Path This is a read only space for displaying the path of the entities data file 5 2 2 3 Entity Caption These are two controls that configure captions that can be displayed with each entity Selecting the Entity Caption Enable check box causes the selected caption to be displayed above the entity The Entity Caption button displays the caption s text Pressing this button brings up the Entity Caption configuration dialog window This window is used to select the caption text select the font and select the size and location of the caption relative to the entity see Figure 5 2 5 2 2 4 Entity Configuration File Column The icons in this windowpane represent the columns of the data file To configure AVDS to playback a data file these icons are dragged to the appropriate icon in the Dynamics Items and User Data Items windowpanes 5 2 2 5 Dynamics Items These are the data items directly used by AVDS for animation see Table 5 12 5 2 2 6 User Data It
36. Figure 3 12 Object scale dialog 3 4 1 23 Configure gt HUD This menu selection brings up a window to configure the HUD see The HUD s position and size can be changed using the sliders These changes are only used when the camera mode is outside the aircraft The Color button brings up a dialog window for choosing a new HUD color The Magnetic Heading Correction slider allows the user to correct the heading displayed in the HUD for local magnetic variation HUD Properties i M Figure 3 13 HUD Properties dialog i E le i AVDS Users Manual 27 3 4 1 24 Configure Charts This selection displays the charts configuration window see Figure 3 14 for Simulation settings and Figure 3 15 for Playback settings 3 4 1 24 1 Configure Charts Simulation Pushing the Simulation button in the Configuration Mode area of the Charts Configuration dialog window causes the window to appear as shown in The various elements in the window have the following meanings Block This is a pull down menu that contains all of the simulation blocks that are currently active Available Signals These are the signals from the selected block that are available to be plotted in the currently selected chart Note once a signal has been added to the Signals to Plot it is removed from the Available Signals list for the selected chart Signals to Plot These are the signals that have been selected for plotting on the currently selected
37. N F iD SOFTWARE WILL OR F BE INTERR OF ROR FREE OR THAT ECTS IN THE N U U D BE CORRECTE FU RT F JzA F F DEF F OR DOES NOT WARRANT OR MAKE ANY py ir EPRES I INTATIONS REGARDIN OFTWARE OR RELAT ED DOCU CCURACY RELIABI ROVE DEFECTIVE DVICE GIVEN BY OR AN AU R IN ANY WAY INCREASE T THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF TH ENTATION IN TERMS OF THEIR CORRECTNESS O ORAL OR WRITTEN INFORMATION OR E zZ E HORIZED REPRESENTATIVE SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY YOU AN G S WO p a Nu G RISDICTIONS DO gt tU o lt HE ENTIRE COST OF ALL NE G M LITY OR OTHERWISE T H D R E SCOPE OF THIS WARRANTY SHOULD THE SOFTWARE T NOT OR AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE ASSUME PATR OR CORRECTION SOM GI U CESSARY SERVICING Gl uj WD U Es PLIED WARRANTIES SO THE R NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF I E EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU THE TER MS OF THIS DISCLAIMER DO Gl NOT AFFECT OR PREJUDICE T HE STATUTORY RIGHTS OF A CONSUMER ACQUIRING Gl RasSimTech PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN IN THE COURS
38. V Total velocity in knots Mach Mach number sfc01 to sfc15 These are the inputs to the articulated surfaces defined with the aircraft image in the Craft file see Appendix A rec 01 to rec 20 These are generic inputs for the user to use to record signals that have not already been accounted for 4 3 Interactive Controls During Interactive Simulation all of the camera display modes are available as well as the velocity vector charts flight path marker and wing tip ribbons Other than these functions the control of the vehicle model and control system is accomplished through the use of a combination of joystick keyboard and mouse input devices When joysticks are not available the mouse is used in its place 4 3 1 Joystick See Lable 4 9 and paragraph 3 4 2 9 for more information on joysticks 4 3 2 Mouse When a joystick is not connected the mouse is used for command inputs See the tables below for Mouse controls with and without joystick Settings on the Joystick Configuration dialog window cause the mouse to be used to control rudder or throttle when using a joystick see paragraph 3 4 2 9 Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 50 4 3 2 1 Without Joystick Table 4 8 Mouse Controls without Joystick Mouse Movement Resulting Action Forward Backward Commands stick pitch inputs Left Right Commands stick roll inputs Left Button Forward Backward Changes throttle value
39. VDS display to pan up or down Chapter 5 Data Playback 68 A File Formats CRAFTCAP Graftcap poriscap LOCATION usr local AVDS craft craftcap txt DESCRIPTION Craftcap is a data base describing crafts and weapons used by the flight simulator AVDS Craft and weapons are described in craftcap by giving a set of capabilities which they have and describing the what they look like Each entry in the craftcap file describes a craft or a weapon and is a line consisting of a number of fields separated by character The first entry for each craft or weapons gives the two names which are known for the craft or weapon separated by a character The first name is the most common abbreviation for the craft or weapon The second name given should be a long name fully identifying the craft or weapon The first name should contain no blanks and are always in lower case for consistency in typing the second name may well contain blanks for readability Entries may continue onto multiple lines by giving a V as the last character of a line and empty fields may be included for readability Comments in this file begin with the character as the first character of the line Comments can appear in the middle of a craftcap entry To facilitate handling collections of craft AVDS provides a file inclusion feature Any line that looks like include filename is replaced by the contents of the file filename The guotes are mandatory and the includ
40. Window G UserCodeBlock Samples 116 Inputs AC1_Heading_deg Heading degrees of vehicle 1 ACI_North_ff North position feet of vehicle 1 ACI East ft East position feet of vehicle 1 AC2_Heading_ deg Heading degrees of vehicle 2 AC2_North_ft North position feet of vehicle 2 AC2 East ft East position feet of vehicle 2 Note The positions are relative to the initial position Outputs none AVDS Users Manual 117 UserWingman Description UserWingman creates a vehicle that flies in formation with the lead vehicle that is being flown in the AVDS simulation This UCB demonstrates the ability to create a new AVDS entity and set its angular and linear positions in the scene The UserWingman sample sets the craft type to 1 i e the second craft type in the craftcap txt file The inputs to the block which are the coordinates of the lead aircraft are modified and used to set the position of the wingman vehicle This sample does not include a vehicle simulation although it could therefore the wingman vehicle s positions are directly proportional to the simulated vehicle s positions Eh Bris Ca biie Wama dotor pbs fb oe Help coed PI Configuration none Inputs Posa 01 North position feet of the lead aircraft PosY_01 East position feet of the lead aircraft PosZ_01 Altitude feet of the lead aircraft RotX_01 Roll angle deg of the le
41. ad aircraft RotY_01 Pitch angle deg of the lead aircraft RotZ_01 Yaw angle deg of the lead aircraft LatitudeStart Starting latitude in degrees decimal i e deg dd LongitudeStart Starting longitude in degrees decimal i e deg dd Outputs none G UserCodeBlock Samples 118 UserText Description The UserText UCB make it possible to add title and captions to AVDS during Simulation Model Sim Play and Playback modes cT Configuration Add Caption Inserts a new caption tab This makes it possible to add text with different colors sizes positions and fonts Delete Caption Deletes the active caption tab Ok Closes the configuration dialog window Caption Arca for entry of caption text Can be entered with multiple lines Time Appear The time seconds for the text to start to appear fade in Time Disappear the time seconds for the text to completely disappear Fade In Length length of time seconds for the text to fade in starting at the Time Appear Fade Out Length length of time seconds for the text to fade out ends at the Time Disappear Position Horizontal Horizontal position percent of the left edge of the text Position Vertical Vertical position percent of the bottom of the first line of the text Scale Scale factor multiplier for the text Text Color This button brings up a color selection dialog window used to change the color of the text
42. aft and the x body axis of the aircraft Or lt Pan left Moves the position of the viewpoint to change the angle between a line from the viewpoint to the center of gravity of the aircraft and the x body axis of the aircraft or Move in Moves the viewpoint radially closer to the aircraft center of gravity or Move out Moves the viewpoint radially farther from the aircraft center of gravity Or Pan up Increases the vertical distance of the viewpoint with respect to the aircraft Moves the viewpoint parallel to the z body axis of the aircraft or_ Pan down Decreases the vertical offset of the viewpoint with respect to the aircraft Moves the viewpoint parallel to the z body axis of the aircraft AVDS Users Manual 35 3 4 3 3 Cameras ChaseCam In ChaseCam view the viewpoint is tied loosely to the center of gravity of the aircraft This view gives the user the ability to closely monitor the linear and angular perturbations of the aircraft In this mode the viewpoint appears to be flying in formation with the aircraft See the command list in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Commands for ChaseCam View Command Resulting Action w Invokes FlightCam view tied loosely to aircraft center of gravity or Move in Moves the viewpoint closer to the aircraft s center of gravity or Move out Moves the viewpoint farther from the aircraft s center
43. ain The content of each of these is described below The directories that are most important to the user are craft model and userfiles These three directories contain files that users modify to perform their desired interactive simulation or data visualization Before modifying files in these directories it is recommended that the user make a copy of the directories and use the copied directories as working directories To use non default directories the user must modify the avds ini file with either a text editor or in the properties window in AVDS see Section B 4 1 4 below C avds C bin C craft C include 3 lib C manual C model wa ports Ca terrain ca texture C userfiles EI utilities C GeometryUtility C MATLABToolbox C Network C SharedMemoryLibrary Terrain C UtilityInclude H UtilityLibraries Figure 3 1 AVDS Directory Structure 3 1 1 The bin directory The bin directory contains three files avds exe and avds ini This is the directory that AVDS should be started from This can be done by either double clicking the avds exe icon or by selecting AVDS from the windows Start menu The avds ini file is a text file that is in standard windows ini format that contains file and path names for the AVDS setup file and the AVDS directories When the AVDS program is initiated it reads the avds ini file l this file does not exist AVDS builds a new avds ini file based on the
44. ain fixed with respect to the earth In all of the camera views the aircraft is kept at the center of the display Chapter 3 Running AVDS 34 3 4 3 1 3 4 3 2 Table 3 2 File Mode Configure Initialize WANAE Indicators Toolbars Help v PilotCam Spacebar FlightCAM Fixed Azimuth c FlightC4M Varible Azimuth Shft4C ChaseCam fw TowerCam t Adjust Cameras Figure 3 21 Cameras menu Cameras PilotCam In PilotCam view the viewpoint is inside the aircraft The position of the PilotCam is set in the aircraft s craftcap file see the pp code in the craftcap an pages in Appendix A Cameras FlightCam In FlightCam view the viewpoint is tied directly to the center of gravity of the aircraft This gives the user the ability to closely monitor the angular perturbations of the aircraft As the outside terrain passes by the aircraft appears as if it were hanging by a string tied to the center of gravity As shown in the command list in Table 3 2 FlightCam view can also be invoked so that the viewpoint rotates with the heading of the aircraft Commands for FlightCam View Command Resulting Action c Invokes FlightCam view tied directly to aircraft center of gravity Cc Invokes FlightCam view and rotates view point with the aircraft heading OF gt Pan right Moves position of viewpoint to change the angle between a line from the viewpoint to the center of gravity of the aircr
45. airport runways in AVDS Version 1 0 are accurately rendered onto the terrain Complete descriptions of each of the runways may be found in the AVDS ports directory The information in the ports files includes the location elevation owner runway length and width and general notes on the runways Much of this information has been duplicated in the airport descriptions in this help file All runways are identified by a number like those shown in Figure 1 The runway number identifies the compass heading used to land on or takeoff from the runway in tens of degrees When two parallel runways they are identified as either left L or right R For example runway 28L in Figure is on a heading of 280 degrees and is the left runway Runway 10R is the complement to runway 28L That is runway 10R is approached from the opposite direction a heading of 100 degrees Note that the runway headings are identified by magnetic north which for San Francisco International Airport is 16 degrees from true north Areas alongside the runways shown in gray in Figure 1 are taxiways and access ramps Varib r Figure I San Francisco International Airport SFO Runway Markings Figure 2 shows a typical airport runway The runway markings identify the approach direction and the runway name The runway name such as 31R in the figure identifies the runway approach heading 310 degrees in this example and if there are two parallel runways whether the runway
46. ays output input and param for simulation inputs outputs and look up parameters Compile and link the UDSCB source code file into a dynamic link library dll Note the sample model files were compiled using Microsoft s Visual C The resulting project files are included in the sample directories under the AVDS model directory Add the name of the resulting dynamic link library file to the modelcap file For example my_UDSCB_filel dll Start AVDS open the Interactive Simulation Configuration window and configure the new model for interactive simulation See Figure 4 1 Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 56 include lt usr_cblock h gt int nBlocks 1 CBlock FBgainFCS Cblock pCBlockx amp FBgainFCS void fcs_init void fcs_update Add declaration of code blocks CBlock FBgainFCS USR_FCS Type Ki Feedback Gains Description Ps Rs Ys Ts P Q R Inputs de da dr dt Outputs kl k2 k3 cmdl cmd2 cmd3 Parameters 20 Update Rate Hz fes init Init Function fcs_update Update Function hi enum STICK P STICK R STICK Y STICK T ROLL PITCH YAW Inputs enum ELE D_AIL D_RUD D_THR Outputs enum P GAIN_R GAIN Y GAIN CP GAIN CR GAIN CY Parameters void fcs init input output param double input output param input STICK_P param GAIN_CP input PITCH param GAIN_P inp
47. c Furthermore the look up table can have up to three dimensions and have associated bias and scale factor parameters The Interactive Simulation mode allows the user to use all of the AVDS camera modes as well as the velocity vector indicator flight path marker and strip charts During the Interactive Simulation any of the output variables can be recorded and saved to a file This recorded information can be used for in depth analysis with other software packages or be animated in AVDS using Playback mode 42 Interactive simulation configuration Selecting Simulation from the Configure menu activates the Aircraft Initialization window Figure 4 1 see Section 3 4 3 This window allows the user to choose the aircraft and flight control system structures choose parameter files make all of the necessary connections between the aircraft flight control system and simulation specify which outputs are to be recorded specify which outputs are to be displayed on the strip charts 44 choose the recording rate choose the recording file name and select UserCodeBlocks For more information on UserCodeBlocks see Appendix F Note To make connections between outputs and inputs in this window 1 Ensure that the desired input is visible 2 Select the desired output and drag it over the desired input and drop it The entries in the simulation configuration window are listed in Table 4 1 Syd yd ib Cie MT Uroda Fier ADG aber Eh Ja sumn
48. ck mode 2 Press the ER button on the Video Save Control toolbar AVDS Users Manual 41 Press the gwa button Select the desired playback speed i e gt gt 1x forward Unpause the video by pressing the MIE button When done recording press the WET button a gn Figure 3 26 Configure Video Capture Dialog Window 3 6 3 Video Configuration Options Configure gt Video Capture Base AVI Filename A number is added to this name to create a unique AVI file name A new file is created for each video Video Compressor Select a CODEC to compress the video Add a Key Frame Every The frequency to save the full image Only changes in the image are save in between key frames Compression Quality Quality of frame capture Video Playback Rate Number of frames per second to capture 3 6 4 Tips for Creating Videos CODEC Experiment with different CODECs They make a big difference in both speed of saving videos and quality size of saved videos Many CODECs can be downloaded from support microsoft com search for codec download One recommended CODEC is Microsoft MPEG4 Video Codec V2 Chapter 3 Running AVDS 42 Frame Dimensions Choose the smallest frame dimensions possible The size of the video file is guite a bit smaller when video frame dimensions are small Scene Complexity Scenes with complicated backgrounds contain more information than simpler scenes When the camera moves more information needs to be saved This means
49. cle in a UCB UserText implements the ability to add titles to AVDS Selecting Configuring UserCodeBlocks UCBs can be used in any of the following AVDS modes Simulation Model Sim Play and Play To select configure a UCB for a particular mode do the following 1 2 3 select the mode choose Configure gt Simulation or Configure gt Playback Blocks from the AVDS menu the available choice depends on the AVDS mode that was selected to configure a block right click on it This will bring up the block s configuration dialog window if one exists to select a block click on the sguare next to it This will cause icons of the block to appear in the Input Output sections of the configuration dialog window These inputs outputs can be configured by dragging and dropping along with the rest of the input outputs Note at this time only one instance of a block can be used 113 UserHUD Description The UserHUD UCB draws a heads up display on the AVDS window The inputs to the HUD are the inputs of the UserHUD block These inputs are displayed digitally used to build pitch roll ladder used to build the heading tape and used to place the wind vector indicator i ir si ira Prey Pirs AAH erties Arari Jm i Pom Holes con Fish food ONO inst EU Faer ie HE Configuration The UserHUD configuration is based on the AVDS internal HUD configuration The HUD configuration dialog window is shown be
50. draw these 3D elements This function is called before AVDS redraws the graphics window For definition of the parameters see the Common UCB Member Function Parameters section BOOL bDraw2D double dTimeElapsed const double amp pdInputs size_t szNumberInputs double amp pdOutputs size_t szNumberOutputs stringstream amp ssError bDraw2D can be used to draw 2D objects in the AVDS environment OpenGL commands can be used to draw these 2D elements This function is called before AVDS redraws the graphics window For definition of the parameters see the Common UCB Member Function Parameters section BOOL b nitialize double dTimeElapsed const double amp pdInputs size_t szNumberInputs double amp pdOutputs size_t szNumberOutputs stringstream amp ssError bInitialize is used to performs tasks at the start of the simulation or playback run It is called when the START button is pressed before the simulation or playback starts For definition of the parameters see the Common UCB Member Function Parameters section BOOL bUpdateDynamics double dTimeElapsed const double amp pdInputs size_t szNumberInputs double amp pdOutputs size_t szNumberOutputs stringstream amp ssError bUpdateDynamics is used to update dynamic simulation models during interactive simulation or playback During the run this function is called at aproximately the rate specified in the member storage variable m_dUpdateRate_hz For definition of the parameters
51. e The axes used in AVDS are X positive north Y positive east and Z positive down xrot yrot zrot angular position given in degrees These are the Euler angles The axes used in AVDS are x Positive rotation positive pitch y Positive rotation positive roll and z Positive rotation positive yaw craftmask This is a hexadecimal parameter that allows the user to change the appearance of the aircraft For example the craftmask can be used to raise or lower landing gear Display of an individual aircraft piece is accomplished by setting the binary digit bit in the craftmask corresponding to that piece The bits in the craftmask parameter correspond to categories of polygons in the craftcap file Table 5 1 shows a map of the bits and the parts of the aircraft that they control aircraft with gear down f7ff ffff aircraft with gear up _ f7fe O7ff invisible aircraft 0000 0000 craft type This is the craft image from the Aircraft Image menu numbered starting at zero This number can be manipulated to change craft type during the playback eng a column of data describing the state of the engine 0 is off 127 is max without afterburners 128 is min afterburner and 255 is max with afterburners This data is only used to animate the engine state alpha beta angle of attack of the aircraft in degrees This data is used in the alpha beta readout positions of the HUD and also along forward vel
52. e Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Eguator color Pointer to an array of atl struct color with two elements which define the dark color color 0 and light color color 1 time of day The sun s location is described by time of day in military time eg 16 25 4 15pm REMARKS atl_shading changes or creates the shading of the terrain in the data files used by AVDS Shading gives visual details about the slopes of the terrain The input elevation data files have filenames of _ and the intermediate input output color data files have filenames of cC32 where is a number atl shading should be used when no shaded color data of the terrain is available or when color data needs to be shaded atl_shading uses diffused reflection shading with the light source being the sun If no color information is available for a location in the data file a diffused color is generated from the dark color 0 and light color 1 color is specified in linear color space atl_shading can also be used to shade nonshaded color data of the terrain If there is color information for a location then normal diffused reflection is done on that color color 0 and color 1 are ignored atl_shading should be called once after the data files have been generated by one or more calls to atl elevation and or atl_ color and before atl color post SEE ALSO atl color
53. e aircraft structure represents int id the numerical identifier of the aircraft that the aircraft structure represents int craft a number representing the craft type The craft type is defined by the order of the craft entries in the craftcap file float Ing initial longitude in degrees The position of the aircraft is defined in feet relative to this position float lat initial latitude in degrees The position of the aircraft is defined in feet relative to this position bis H float alt initial altitude in feet typedef struct aircraft_struct int state aircraft state float elev ail rud throttle commands float u v w p g r Real values in world coordinates double ref X ref Y lat long degrees double pos_X pos_Y ft from ref ft alt float pos_Z float pos dX pos _dY pos dZ float rot_X rot _Y rot _Z deg float rot_dX rot dY rot dZ unsigned char engine throttle position int hostid Packet packet float dt aircraft delta time Aircraft typedef struct packet_struct Packet struct packet struct Description Units double dUserData 16 for user supplied data short current cm z center mass vertical pseudo half inches nu short current_cm y center mass fore pseudo half inches y B AVDS Network Library Functions 78 short current cm x center mass starbord pseudo half
54. e files can not be nested Capabilities in craftcap are all introduced by two character codes and are of three types Boolean capabilities indicate that the craft or weapon has some particular feature Boolean capabilities are simply written between the characters and are indicated by the word bool in the type column of the capabilities table below Numeric capabilities supply numeric information such as the location of a point on the craft Numeric capabilities are given by the two character capability code followed by the character and then one or more numeric values separated by spaces For example pt 4 20 0 24 0 24 is the numeric entry representing a point at 4 20 0 24 0 24 String capabilities supply a name of option such as the type of missile used by the craft String valued capabilities are indicated by the word str in the type column of the capabilities table below String valued capabilities are given by the two character capability code followed by an sign and then a string ending at the next following For example cn heatseeking indicates a heat seeking missile 70 CAPABILITIES Name ac str av num ca str cl bool cm num3 cn str co num3 ct num3 do bool d1 bool d2 bool d3 bool dp bool DS bool EC num3 ep num3 ID num pa str PC num3 pp num3 pt num3 Pw num3 s 0 9 str SC num3 SH bool Sw num3 ra num6 tr num AVDS Users Manual Type Description Entry of similar craft sho
55. e relative to the initial latitude and longitude The positions are x y and z in feet i e vdGetTranslate 0 26 3 North vdGetTranslate 1 26 3 East vdGetTranslate 2 26 3 Down AVDS Users Manual 111 V DOUBLE t m_vdRotate If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set rotations of the vehicle about the body axes The rotations are x y and z in degrees i e vdGetRotate 0 26 3 Phi vdGetRotate 1 26 3 Theta vdGetRotate 2 26 3 Psi V DOUBLE t m_vdSurfaceRotation If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set rotations of the vehicle s articulated surfaces The rotations are in radians and the possible surfaces are enumerated in the enum type enCraft see the file CodeBlockUser h i e vdGetSurfaceRotation craftArticulatedSurface0l 0 01 V_DOUBLE_t m_vdTransparency If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set the transparency level of the of the vehicle s category of polygons The transparency ranges from 1 0 to 0 0 and possible categories are enumerated in the enum type enCraft see the file CodeBlockUser h i e vdGetTransparency craftExhaust 0 1 V_DOUBLE_t m_vdColorDensity If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set the color density level of the of the vehicle s category of polygons The color densi
56. ecially he U S Department of Commerce s Table of the Software you represent and warrant that nder control of or a national or resident of y such list If the Software is supplied to the United ftware is classified as restricted computer software as defined in clause 52 227 19 of the FAR The United States Government s rights to the Software are as provided in clause 52 227 19 of the FAR 8 Controlling Law and Severability This License is made under shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States and the St provisions 9 Complete Agree ate of O ment T hio irrespective of its choice of law his License constitutes th ntire agreement between the parties with respect to the use of the Software and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous understandings regarding such subject matter be binding unless No amend in writ ment to or modification of this License will ing and signed by RasSimTech Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 6 hapter 4 Interactive Simulation 44 SM EN COLOR Y e AR OIN R Y O FEN RR A T COLOR POST o sed uy dog oydd AN ydoedd nU IWY do dddo ddyry ddd Sydd sn dd Fodd yd iydd AVDS Users Manual 5 Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Description The Aviator Visual Design Simulator AVDS is a set of PC based flight simulator and visualization tools designed to be used by engineers students
57. eed by 1X Multiple presses of the 6 key will increase the pointer step size multiple times E 4 right arrow decrease playback speed by 1X Causes the step size of the playback pointer to be decreased by 1X This has the effect of decreasing the integer playback speed by 1X When the pointer decreases below zero the motion of the vehicle is reversed Multiple presses of the 6 key will decrease the counter multiple times E 5 pause Causes the action to stop This key toggles between stop action and the operating speed AVDS Users Manual 67 m 9 PgUp forward normal speed Causes the playback speed to become 1X forward normal speed E 8 up arrow increase speed scale factor by 0 1 to a maximum of 1 0 The speed scale factor is multiplied by the current speed A combination of speed and scale factor less than 1 0 is slow motion E 2 down arrow decrease speed scale factor by 0 1 to a minimum of 0 0 After the scale factor reaches 0 0 it is used to single step the data in the direction of the playback speed m 7 home beginning of playback file Sets the data pointer and hence the animated action to the beginning of the playback file m end end of playback file Sets the data pointer and hence the animated action to the end of the playback file E moving mouse changes view in Playback mode When the mouse is moved left or right the AVDS display pans left or right Mouse movements up or down causes the A
58. eg 2 22 gamma should be set to the inverse of the gamma correction used eg 0 45 98 REMARKS atl_color changes or creates the colors in the data files used by AVDS The intermediate data files have filenames of _ c32 where is a number atl_color allows the colors in the data files to be handled in small sections atl shading then can be run on all the data When all the colors have been generated atl color post must be run on all of the data SEE ALSO atl color _post atl shading AVDS Users Manual 99 ATL COLOR POST Final color processing of AVDS terrain data files int atl_color_post double long 00 double lat 00 double long_0c double lat_0c double long r0 double lat_r0 double long rc double lat rc double gamma int flags RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long_00 lat_00 long_0c lat_0c long r0 lat_r0 long_rc lat_rc represent the longitudes and latitudes of the locations on the globe of the area bounding box where the color postprocessing is to be done All longitudes are measured in degrees from the Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Eguator Gamma For correct colors to appear on the monitor gamma should be set to the gamma correction of the monitor eg 2 50 flags atl color post can generate colors fo
59. eld ID BSF Elevation 6125 Rwy 09 27 3700 x 90 Hilo International ID ITO Elevation 38 Rwy 03 21 5600 x 150 Honokaa Airstrip ID HIO5 Elevation 1440 Rwy E W 1800 x 35 ID HI25 Elevation 1964 Rwy NE SW 2000 x 40 Ke ahole ID KOA AVDS Users Manual Figure 10 Hawaii Airports City Camp Pohakuloa HI Owner USAR HAW City Hilo HI Owner Hawaii St Airports Div Rwy 08 26 9800 x 150 City Honokaa HI Owner Hamakua Sugar Co City Naalehu HI Owner KaOu Agribusiness Co City Kailua Kona HI 95 Elevation 43 Rwy 17 35 6500 x 150 Mauna Kea Honolii ID HI31 Elevation 1400 Rwy 07 25 1800 x 25 Mountain View Airstrip ID HI23 Elevation 1500 Rwy 05 23 1800 x 40 Paauhau Airstrip ID HIO6 Elevation 2060 Rwy N S 1657 x 22 Pahala Airstrip ID HI28 Elevation 1195 Rwy E W 1650 x 70 Peleau ID HI02 Elevation 1088 Rwy 07 25 2100 x 25 Pepeekeo Airstrip ID HI32 Elevation 675 Rwy NE SW 2000 x 25 Puu Waa Waa Ranch ID HI13 Elevation 2250 Rwy 02 20 2950 x 40 Upolu ID UPP Elevation 96 Rwy 07 25 3800 x 75 Upper Paauai ID HI29 Elevation 2600 Rwy NW SE 1965 x 40 Upper Paauilo Airstrip ID HH3 C Airports Owner Hawaii St Airports Div City Papaikou HI Owner Mauna Kea Agri Co City Mountain View HI Owner Keaau Agri Land Corp City Hoko
60. ems Allows the configuration of extra data to be displayed during animation The user specifies the a five character label which is displayed with the data e Change Selected Dynamics Item To change the sign on a dynamics item select the item and press the On Selected Dynamics button AVDS Users Manual 61 5 2 2 7 Exit e Save Save the settings in the active Playback configuration file and closes the Playback Configuration window Save As Same as Save except gives the user the opportunity to choose a new playback configuration file name e Cancel Discards all changes and closes the Playback Configuration window 5 2 2 8 Entity Selected Number This number is the index of the entity that is currently being configured Increasing this number beyond the current number of entities with create a new entity e Reset This button resets the current entity to initial values 5 2 2 9 Entity Time Format Delta Elapsed Allows the user to specify which method of time representation is present in the data file Elapsed Time is a column of time information that is continually increasing e g 1 01 1 02 1 05 etc Delta Time is a column of time information where each element represents the change in time between data points e g 01 01 03 etc Playback Configuration Formation ply ini C Program Files AYDS debug userfiles AVDSData
61. er on two or more computers E RasSimTec to the RasSimTech S computer owned lea retain title nternal purposes only and to make one copy of tware in machine readable form for back up purposes her proprietary rights notices on a You own t oftware or in on a backup computer selected by y h Software and a Licens 2 law wor Sof tra Cware transfer or crea Software 3 Termination The License is effectiv terminate this agreement copies thereof ad Permit and t disassemble ks fro nsferred in whole or in part subject to this License ted Uses and Restrictions sed or o the event of the inoperability of t ou Neith nor use in a local area network or network is permitted without Licensor s further authorizatio ny copies made and or distributed u F THE REE TO ULATION TERMS ion whether on are Ltd the must put ny copy of he media on which You The Software therwise hat er concurrent use other n The nder this may Except as permitted by applicable his License you may not decompile modify rent lease loan dist m the Software or transmit t may not be sold leased assigned You Your rig automatically wit any term s Software a 4 Disclai use of the hout no of this Lice nd all copies mer of Warranty Software is a revers ribute c he Software over a net
62. ernal hardware inputs Interactive hardware in the loop simulation capability User definable aircraft images User definable articulated surfaces i e surfaces that rotate based on the simulation User can link in existing simulation code can distribute simulation by running dynamics code on one computer and AVDS on another can make batch simulation run interactively can run interactive simulation on one computer and control its operation on another and can run one craft interactive while animating others i e they can interact 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 Version This version contains all of the tools necessary to give the aerospace researcher a better understanding of a situation or problem and information that may be useful in diagnosing and problem solving Feedback RasSimTech Lid appreciates any feedback regarding this first version of the AVDS Please contact us by electronic mail at avds feedback RasSimTech com Technical Support For technical support you may reach us by electronic mail at avds techsup RasSimTech com or by Voice Mail at 614 487 1056 Problem Resolution If the latest release of software exhibits a problem then depending on the severity of the problem one of two steps will be taken m An immediate resolution will be found or m A resolution will be incorporated into the next release of software Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter2 Quick Reference 2 1 Toolbars Avds uses dockable tool bars
63. es the Simulation Configuration window OUTPUTS Contains the signals that are available from the AVDS simulation AVDS Users Manual 45 Environment environment See Table 4 2 OUTPUTS FCS Block The output icons represent the signals output from the FCS The selected type of FCS determines their function and number OUTPUTS AIRCRAFT Block The output icons represent the signals output from the aircraft model The selected type of aircraft model determines their function and number INPUTS Environment These signals are inputs into the AVDS simulation Note the items in this list are set based on the Simulation Input Type see able 4 3 for Accelerations and Error Not a valid result for table for Positions INPUTS FCS The input icons below this label represent the inputs to the FCS The number and types of inputs to the FCS is a function of the selected type of FCS structure INPUTS AIRCRAFT The input icons below this label represent the inputs to the aircraft model The number and types of inputs to the aircraft is a function of the selected type of aircraft model structure INPUTS Gauges These are the inputs to the Simulation Gauges see Table 4 6 4 6 INPUTS RECORD In addition to a default set of signals these are the signals to be recorded and saved when recording data see able 4 7 Note that the signals in EE 0 eee able 4 7 marked default do
64. essages about the user interface as well as the status of AVDS The Status bar is not dockable and is fixed to the bottom of the main AVDS window The first half of the Status bar displays tips about the AVDS control that the mouse is currently over That is the user can gain information about the workings of a button or other control by positioning the mouse over the control and reading the message in the Status bar Selecting Status Bar in the Toolbars menu will hide the Status bar There are also five other message windows on the status bar The first displays the mode the use of the rest varies based on the mode of operation MODE Window 2 Window 3 Window 4 Window 5 Observer Number of Type of currently Handle of Graphics frame simulations on selected currently update rate in the network simulation selected Hertz simulation Simulation N A If a joystick is Maximum update Graphics frame Model attached input rate of the update rate in Hz sample rate of dynamic the joystick in Hz simulations Sim Play Play Current playback Number of N A Graphics frame speed multiplier current vehicle update rate in selected Hertz Chapter 2 Quick Reference 12 2 4 Control Commands The following tables are a quick reference to the commands used in AVDS These commands are described in more detail in later chapters Table 2 1 Keyboard Controls for All Modes Command Key Description Start Begins simulation or playback Stop Ends simulation
65. files C Program FilestA DSS bins A model C Program Files AVD5 bin S craft C Program Files ADSS bins S Mtemani C Program Files AVDS bin Atesture N C Program Files ADSS bins Aports VIMVHMPyrtxK i p gFEu06200 Figure 3 4 AVDS Properties Window 3 4 1 5 Mode Menu The Mode menu lets the user choose the mode of operation for AVDS and provides a START and STOP command This menu performs the same functions as the Main toolbar Section 2 2 1 AVDS Users Manual 21 3 4 1 6 3 4 1 7 3 4 1 8 3 4 1 9 3 4 1 10 3 4 1 11 File Mode Configure Initialize Cameras Indicators Toolbars Help Network Wbserver Simulation Model SimPlayback Playback START v STOP Figure 3 5 Mode Menu Mode Network This option selects networking mode and initializes the network For network configuration information see Section When Networking is active vehicle packets are sent to the local network during all of the modes except Observer mode Mode Observer Observer mode enables the user to display other aircraft that are sending information on the network including their cockpit viewpoint Selecting the Observer button causes identification information about other aircraft on the network to be displayed in the aircraft image menu Mode Simulation This mode is for interactive simulation Mode Model Model mode allows the user to manipulate the aircraft image with s
66. g transmitted and if they are on the same segment of the network that the transmitting computer is on The format for address entries along with address ranges are listed in the Networking Configuration dialog window Entity Time Out set the maximum time that entities remain in the simulation without packet updates Entity Caption provides a method of controlling captions on networked entities Selecting the Entity Caption Enable check box causes the display of captions above eace of the networked entities Pressing the Entity Caption Configure button brings up the Entity Caption Configuration dialog window see This dialog window is use to select the caption fonts and set the size and location of the captions for all of the entities Object Timir hi Exit Caption i Dorig m PN 2TH AT Enshie Cancel Hew hel cet Ariens Pyr eraj lnieriarn Ascii ses Pomat mam Soin a ep el i a inigi breed Wa dhiri nda mebret mcrrannmu miribe berar 224 ai 255255 256 255 Beh horton pd twn aldara marrage E rart ber bein Pad 255 mpri aac pee mm oped smerig Figure 3 17 Networking Configuration dialog Chapter 3 Running AVDS 32 3 4 1 27 Figure 3 18 Networking Entity Caption dialog Configure Rendering Selecting Rendering brings up the Rendering Options dialog window see Fame 359 The button labeled Smoothing toggles vehicle smoothing on and off The Vehicle smoothing
67. gear fore gear port gear starboard gear opening fore gear opening port gear opening starboard articulated surface 01 articulated surface 02 articulated surface 03 articulated surface 04 articulated surface 05 articulated surface 06 articulated surface 07 articulated surface 08 articulated surface 09 articulated surface 10 and body axes Similar Craft If there are two very similar craft one can be defined as being just like the other with certain exceptions The string capability ac can be given with the name of a similar craft This capability should be first so that the capabilities of the similar craft will be copied into the current entry The capabilities after this entry will override the ones of the similar craft Normally the first entry of the craft does not have weapons and the string capability ac describes the different weapon configurations allowed Weapons Configuration There are ten stations 0 9 for mounting weapons The location is defined 72 with the point capability pt and then the armament at the station s 0 9 If more than one point capability pt is defined a weapon is defined for each position The armament must be previously defined If the armament is GUN immediately followed by a integer number of rounds a gun will be placed at the point and initialized to the number of rounds Articulated Surfaces Any of the articulated surface 01 10 categories of
68. ghting This menu selection brings up a window to configure lighting properties The sliders for Craft Lighting move the position of the light source for the aircraft The Color button brings up a dialog window for choosing a new color This is the color of the aircraft light source The ambient Intensity slider changes the intensity of the light on the terrain and runways Changes to Ambient Intensity on take effect when the Start button is pressed Lighting Properties X le 73 10 T _ Figure 3 10 Lighting Properties dialog AVDS Users Manual 25 3 4 1 21 Configure Clipping Near Set the position of the near clipping plane with respect to the camera Object or terrain between the near clipping plane and the camera are not drawn The distance between the near and far clipping planes determines the distance normalized in the depth buffer Some graphics accelerator cards use smaller depth buffers than others Moving the near clipping plane can minimize the effects of a small depth buffer If the Automatic box is checked the near plane is automatically set between the object in view and the camera Chipping Hear Figure 3 11 Near clipping plane dialog Chapter 3 Running AVDS 26 3 4 1 22 Configure Object Scale Scales all of the objects in the scene by the amount selected with the slider control Note during Playback mode entities can be excluded from scaling see section Tib pet Scale i Jd
69. grean Dupuis ingui arem Enreinnnent TM baiso Aiora Tr E j Aso ts To Fike vdol Bwr fences FCS aji Feeadhsech inan Fio i SkF Feedaek Bari aim ia Ha sia wm Fio 4 g Sikta _ am eng HU Slick Thastia faen fee hol F nad El UU die aah Fa a Wm dal p ThrattisFandback ae dlp jp Fd Uim eFrwyrawi Bleck Aacial Daia File a m cin 10 Posto 18 eve ha me dy a Par Fl a cha Pose Fl Record Data El Si Feedback Dans a Aote_in Fisnane in Hal Ao Ri Dols WERS hiar 4 0 fozi ambaa mu Fi adda a LaiudSiari Flieeid Fi ala Hir aie dT hottie Eg LergtueleS tant i Gimon Type Arosknions Poston Latitudes onglau Save Figure 4 1 Simulation Configuration Window Table 4 1 Simulation Configuration dialog window entries Window Entry Description Description A textual description of the aircraft represented by the simulation configuration window This description is saved in the Simulation Init File so the user can keep track of aircraft configurations Save Make all of the connections present in the Simulation configuration window active during the interactive simulation save the settings in the active simulation configuration file and closes the Simulation Configuration window Save As Same as Save except gives the user the opportunity to choose a new simulation configuration file name Cancel Discards all changes and clos
70. guration Mode area of the Charts Configuration dialog window causes the window to appear as shown in All of the elements in the window are the same as those for Simulation except e Entity This is a pull down menu that contains all of the playback entities that are currently loaded e Available Signals These are the signals from the selected entity that are available to be plotted in the currently selected chart Note once a signal has been added to the Signals to Plot it is removed from the Available Signals list for the selected chart e X separation msec This is the separation between points plotted in milliseconds While in Playback mode and not in playback the charts will display the entire time history of the selected data During playback the width of the chart windows is set to 50 points In order to change the X resolution of the chart one changes the separation between points Increasing the separation will increase the time spanned by the chart Decreasing the time separation will decrease the time spanned by the chart AVDS Users Manual 29 Chaz Configu aiim Figure 3 15 Charts Configuration dialog window while configuring charts for playback 3 4 1 25 Configure Joystick This selection displays a window to configure the Joystick see AVDS utilizes the MS Windows NT 95 joystick facilities so joystick drivers compatible with the windows environment can be loaded and used AVDS utilizes four analog joystick in
71. he globe of the elevation 0 0 long_0c lat_0c indicate the location the elevation 0 num cols 1 long 00 lat_r0 indicate the location the elevation num rows 1 0 long rc lat_rc indicate the location the elevation num_ rows 1 num_cols 1 Note All longitudes are measured in degrees from the Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Equator filenam filename points to the pathname of a file containing the elevations that are to be converted The file must contain the elevation data in the format of an array of integers int elevation num_rows num_cols The array elevation num rows num cols contains the heights measured in millimeters from sea level num rows num cols Number of rows and columns of elevations in the file REMARKS atl_elevation changes or creates th levations in the data files used by AVDS The data files have filenames of where is a number atl elevation allows the elevations of the data files to be handled in small sections When all the elevations have been generated atl_ elevation _post must be run on all of the data SEE ALSO atl_ elevation _post AVDS Users Manual 101 ATL_ELEVATION_ POST Final elevation processing of AVDS terrain data files int atl_elevation_post double long 00 double lat 00 double long Oc double lat_Oc double long rO double lat r0 double long rc double lat rc RETURN VALUES Ret
72. ht path marker ColorRibbonPort A signal containing color and transparency data that will be used for the port ribbon marker ColorRibbonStarboard A signal containing color and transparency data that will be used for the starboard ribbon marker ScaleX A scale factor that will be applied to the X axis of the vehicle ScaleY A scale factor that will be applied to the Y axis of the vehicle ScaleZ A scale factor that will be applied to the Z axis of the vehicle HUDEntry01 This signal will appear in the 01 data location of the HUD HUDEntry02 This signal will appear in the 02 data location of the HUD HUDEntry03 This signal will appear in the 03 data location of the HUD HUDEntry04 This signal will appear in the 04 data location of the HUD Note AVDS uses the following Convention for AXES LINEAR MOTION Body axes x positive forward through the nose y positive to the right through the right wing z positive down Earth fixed axes X positive north Y positive east Z positive down ANGULAR MOTION conventions pitch positive nose up roll positive left wing up yaw positive nose right clockwise Axes x Positive rotation positive pitch y Positive rotation positive roll z Positive rotation positive yaw AVDS Users Manual 65 Table 5 13 Craftmask Parameter Bit Map 5 2 27
73. iable Range Apply Settings See below up down Altitude Altitude feet 0 to 100 000s u Forward velocity Knots 0 to 2 000 v Side velocity knots 1000 to 1000 w Vertical velocity knots 1000 to 1000r psi Psi Euler angle degrees 0 to 359 theta Theta Euler angle degrees 90 to 90 phi Phi Euler angle degrees 180 to 180 Throttle Yo Percent of Throttle position percent O to 100 Position Offset X East West Offset from position over the 100 000 to 100 000 center of the selected airport feet Position Offset Y North South Offset from position over 100 000 to 100 000 the center of the selected airport feet Apply Init see below up down Lat Long Init Lat Initial Latitude degrees decimal Init Long Initial Longitude degrees decimal If the Apply Settings button is down the settings of the sliders will be used for the initial aircraft state i e if the button is down the aircraft will start in the air over the selected airport except as noted below if the button is up the aircraft will start on the ground on the selected airport If the Apply Init Lat Long button is down the simulation will start at the latitude and longitude entered in the Init Lat and Init Long blanks 4 6 Aircraft Model and Flight Control System Modifications 4 6 1 General Aircraft models and flight control systems can be modified by either changing look up table values in the parameter file or changing the
74. ialog windows Users can use this function to bring up a user defined window to configure the UCB For a simple example of the use of this function see the example UCB UserRadar For a more complicated example see UserHUD Both of these examples can be found in the directory AVDS model BOOL bConfigurationFileWrite const char cstrSection const char cstrConfigFile bConfigurationFileWrite is called when a user presses the Save or SaveAs buttons on the Simulation Configuration or Playback Blocks Configuration dialog windows Users can use this function to save the configuration of the UCB For a simple example of the use of this function see the example UCB UserText This example can be found in the directory AVDSXmodelNUserText AVDS Users Manual 109 BOOL bConfigurationFileRead const char cstrSection const char cstrConfigFile BOOL bReload bConfigurationFileRead is called at the appropriate times for the UCB to load any saved configuration data Users can use this function to load the configuration of the UCB For a simple example of the use of this function see the example UCB UserText This example can be found in the directory AVDS model UserText BOOL bUpdateVisual double dTimeElapsed const double amp pdInputs size_t szNumberInputs double amp pdOutputs size_t szNumberOutputs stringstream amp ssError bUpdate Visual can be used to draw 3D objects in the AVDS environment OpenGL commands can be used to
75. ided text files The columns of the array represent variables to be played back the rows represent time slices of the data AVDS loads the data file into memory and then plays back animates that data using the timing information specified in the data The Playback mode is controlled through the use of commands from the playback toolbar or Keyboard During playback the action can be displayed in real time faster than real time slower than real time frozen or in single time steps In addition to animating the motions additional data columns provided in the user text file can be displayed synchronously on strip charts While in Playback mode the user is able to view the action from all of the AVDS camera modes and also display the flight path axes ribbons and velocity vector of the vehicle Playback Configuration Window General This window is invoked by selecting Configure gt Plaback from the AVDS main menu The Playback Configuration dialog window shown in Figure 5 1 allows the user to specify the data file indicate dynamics and extra data columns and save the playback configuration to a file Playback Data File Playback Data File is an ASCII file that contains the data to be animated The first lines in the file are entries for initial latitude longitude and enumeration ID These entries are optional The remaining lines in the file are the time slices of data The data columns can be in any order As explained belo
76. iption udot vdot wdot Linear acceleration in the x y and z body axes in feet per second squared Pdot Qdot Rdot Angular acceleration about the x y and z body axes in degrees per second squared Table 4 4 Environment Input Signals Entries for Simulation Input Type Positions Signals Description xpos ypos zpos Linear positions in the x y and z body axes in feet xrot yrot zrot Angular rotations about the x y and z body axes in degrees alpha beta Angle of attack and sideslip angle in radians G Acceleration at the pilot station in Gs Velocity Total velocity in knots Mach Mach number Table 4 5 Environment Input Signals Entries for Simulation Input Type Both Signals Description InCraftMask A hexadecimal parameter that allows the user to change the appearance of the aircraft see Table 5 1 InCraftType Zero based index of craft in the craftcap file That is this is the number of an aircraft from AVDS s Initialize gt Aircraft menu where the numbering starts at zero eng Engine power level indicator 0 250 fuel Fuel percentage indicator 0 100 sfc01 to sfc15 aircraft image in the Craft file see Appendix A These are the inputs to the articulated surfaces defined with the ColorOffsetVehicle A signal containing color and transparency definitions that is added to the existing color of all of the polygons
77. is the right R or left L The preferred touchdown point is between the first and third set of parallel markings 84 L anding Area Figure 2 Typical Airport Runway Airport Maps San Francisco Bay Area Airports Figure 3 shows the airports in the San Francisco bay area For more information see the following publications v VER Terminal Area Chart San Francisco v Airport Facility Directory Southwest U S AVDS Users Manual 85 Alameda NAS Nimitz Field ID NGZ Elevation 14 Rwy 07 25 7200 x 200 Antioch ID O12 Elevation 185 Rwy 09 27 2480 x 33 Buchanan Field ID CCR Elevation 23 Rwy OIL 19R 4400 x 150 Rwy 14L 32R 3951 x 150 Garibaldi Brothers ID 602 Elevation 20 Rwy 06 24 2000 x 50 Gnoss Field ID O56 C Airports Figure 3 San Francisco Bay Area Airports City Alameda CA Owner US Navy Rwy 137 31 8000 x 200 City Antioch CA Owner Antioch Av n Assoc City Concord CA Owner Contra Costa County Rwy OIR 19L 2768 x 75 Rwy 14R 32L 2800 x 75 City Cordelia CA Owner Louis Garibaldi City Novato CA 86 Elevation 14 Rwy 13 31 3300 x 60 Half Moon Bay ID HAF Elevation 67 Rwy 12 30 5000 x 150 Hamilton Field ID SRF Elevation 3 Rwy 12 30 8000 x 400 Hayward Air Terminal ID HWD Elevation 47 Rwy 10R 28L 5024 x 150 Livermore Muni ID LVK Elevation 397
78. ity Entries may continue onto multiple lines by giving a V as the last character of a line and empty fields may be included for readability Comments in this file begin with the character as the first character of the line Comments can appear in the middle of a portscap entry To facilitate handling collections of ports AVDS provides a file inclusion feature Any line that looks like include filename is replaced by the contents of the file filename The guotes are mandatory and the include files can not be nested Capabilities in portscap are all introduced by two character codes and are of three types AVDS Users Manual 73 Boolean capabilities indicate that the ports or weapon has some particular feature Boolean capabilities are simply written between the characters and are indicated by the word bool in the type column of the capabilities table below Numeric capabilities supply numeric information such as the location of a point on the ports Numeric capabilities are given by the two character capability code followed by the character and then one or more numeric values separated by spaces For example pt 4 20 0 24 0 24 is the numeric entry representing a point at 4 20 0 24 0 24 String capabilities supply a name of option String valued capabilities are indicated by the word str in the type column of the capabilities table below String valued capabilities are given by the two character capability code fol
79. kaa HI Owner Hamakua Sugar Co City Pahala HI Owner Int l Air Sve Co City Hakalau HI Owner Mauna Kea Agri City Pepeekeo HI Owner Mauna Kea Agri Co City Kailua Kona HI Owner F Newell Bohnett City Hawi HI Owner Hawaii St Airports Div City Pahala HI Owner KaOu Agribusiness Co City Paauilo HI 96 Elevation 1520 Rwy NE SW 1400 x 36 Waimea Kohala ID MUE Elevation 2671 Rwy 04 22 5197 x 100 Waipunalei Airstrip ID HI20 Elevation 1360 Rwy 09 27 2100 x 50 AVDS Users Manual Owner Hamakua Sugar Co City Kamuela HI Owner Hawaii St Airports Div City Laupahoehoe HI Owner Hamakua Sugar Co 97 D AVDS Terrain Library Functions ATL COLOR ATL COLOR POST JATL ELEVATION ATL ELEVATION POST ATL PCLEVELS ATL RASTERFILE ATL_COLOR Generates colors in AVDS terrain data files int atl_color double long 00 double lat_00 double long_0c double lat_0c double long_r0 double lat_r0 double double long rc double lat_rc char filename int num_rows int num_cols double gamma RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REQUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long 00 lat_00 represent the longitude and latitude of the location on the globe of the color 0 0 long_Oc lat_0c indicate the location the color 0 num cols 1 long_r0 lat_r0 indicate the location the color num_ rows 1 0
80. light control system see Section 4 6 2 RecordData save txt This is the sample playback data file AVDS_Global ini This file is the Global Setup File used to save all of the default settings for AVDS except directories The file is created saved when changes are made in AVDS The utilities GeometryUtility directory The utilities GeometryUtility directory contains a utility to aid in conversion from AutoCAD s DXF format to AVDS craft format For more information see Appendix E The utilitiesMATLABToolbox directory The utilities MATLABToolbox directory contains MATLAB Simulink and AVDS utilities to make connections between AVDS and MATLAB Simulink For more information see the AVDS MATLAB Toolbox Reference Manual which can be found in the directory AVDS Utilities MATLABToolbox The utilities network directory The utilities network directory contains sample code and libraries for developing external simulations that are networked with AVDS For more information see Appendix B The utilities SharedLibray directory The utilities SharedLibray directory contains the source code used to build the shared memory library This library can be used to make connections between programs using shared memory The utilities terrain directory The utilities terrain directory contains subdirectories that contain sample code and libraries for converting files containing elevation and color data into AVDS terrain data files For
81. low G UserCodeBlock Samples 114 Inputs inputTime_sec Time in seconds inputPhi_deg Roll angle in degrees inputTheta_deg Pitch angle in degrees inputPsi_deg Heading in degrees inputV_ftpersec Velocity in feet per second inputAltitude_ft Altitude in feet inputAltitudeDot_ftpersec Rate of change ib altitude in feet per second inputAlpha_deg Angle of attack in degrees inputBeta_deg Angle of sideslip in degrees inputMach Mach number inputGs G loading inputUserData01 User data to be placed in user data slot 1 inputUserData02 User data to be placed in user data slot 2 inputUserData03 User data to be placed in user data slot 3 inputUserData04 User data to be placed in user data slot 4 Outputs none AVDS Users Manual 115 UserRadar Description The UserRadar UCB generates a transparent display similar to a radar display which shows the relative positions of the vehicles The positions of the vehicles are obtained from the inputs to the UCB The range and display of the UserRadar UCB can be configured rata La ru tema Y Configuration Range The UserRadar UCB range rings can be configured by moving the range slider pictured in the following figure Reserve Section of Window Checking this box causes a portion of the AVDS window to be reserved for use of the radar display as seen in the figure on the next page T Rita Section of
82. lowed by an sign and then a string ending at the next following CAPABILITIES Name Type Description ca str Category of polygons runway taxiway marking cl bool Close indicates the previous points define a polygon co numd3 Color of the polygons that follow Red Green Blue lo num2 Location of port Latitude degrees Longitude degress pt num3 3D Point on ports numbers X Y Z in feet rel to lo tr num1 Transparency of polygons 0 0 solid 1 0 clear Describing Ports The polygons must be either triangles or quadrilaterals Quads must be planar No sorting of polygons is done Polygons are drawn in order Categories runway and taxiway must be first BUGS Only 256 characters are allowed for string capabilities and AVDS does not check for overflow of this buffer A File Formats 74 B AVDS Network Library Functions OpenAVDSNetwork Init Aircraft et Aircraft OPENAVDSNETWORK Opens one or more than one network connection for sending and receiving AVDS network packets int OpenA VDSNetwork int iNumAddresses TCHAR tcaAddresses RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER finclude lt UserNetwork lib gt PARAMETERS iNumAddresses number of multicast addresses in the tcaAddresses array tcaAddresses an array of multicast addresses in the form of mmm mmm mmm mmm zmport iii iii iii iii iport where the mmm s represent the multicast address
83. more information see Appendix D User Customization Users can customize AVDS by changing parameters in parameter look up tables creating or modifying simulations creating or modifying aircraft Chapter 3 Running AVDS 18 images changing airports or adding ground structures adding new terrain and developing and implementing networked simulations To customize AVDS the user should copy the appropriate AVDS directory to a local directory Available directories are the following userfiles Use this directory for changing parameters in parameter look up tables See Section 4 6 Aircraft Model And Flight Control System Modifications model Use this directory for creating or modifying simulations See Section 4 6 Aircraft Model And Flight Control System Modifications craft Use this directory for creating or modifying aircraft images See the Craftcap Man Pages in Appendix A ports Use this directory for changing airports or adding ground structures See the Portscap Man Pages in Appendix A utilities terrain Use this directory for adding new terrain See the AVDS Terrain Library Functions in Appendix D utilities network Use this file for developing and implementing networked simulations See the AVDS Network Interface Library Functions in Appendix B utilities GeometryUtility Use this file for coveting D files into AVDS format See DXF to AVDS Conversion Utility in Appendix E 3 3 AVDS Main Window AVDS begi
84. move the camera setpoint location Chapter 3 Running AVDS 36 3 4 4 Indicators Menu File Mode Configure Initialize Cameras Indicators Toolbars Help 3 4 4 1 Indicators HUD HUD h Charts Velocity Vector g Show Flight Path Marker Generate Flight Path Show Wing Tip Ribbons Generate Wing Tip Ribbons Body Axes n Stability Axes v Earth Axes le Playback Time Simulation Gauges HUD Cross Hairs Figure 3 22 Indicators menu Turns display of Heads Up Display on and off 3 4 4 2 Indicators Charts Charts are available for graphical display of simulation outputs The information presented on the charts can be any of either the simulation outputs or the playback outputs See the command list in Table 3 5 Right clicking the mouse in the chart area brings up context sensitive menus to set the various parameters of the charts i e axis min max colors etc See 3 4 1 24 for information on configuring charts AVDS Users Manual 37 RIGHL CICK In Chart Area far Menu RIGHL CICK In Chart Area far Menu Figure 3 23 Charts window Table 3 5 Command for Strip Charts Command Resulting Action Toggles strip charts on and off 3 4 4 3 Indicators Velocity Vector The velocity vector indicator is available in the interactive simulation and playback modes The velocity vector is a black pointer emanates from the Chapter 3 Running AVDS 38 aircraft s cente
85. mulations The UDSCB header has a specific structure and is defined below Once UDSCBs have been written modified they are compiled into object files using the sample MS Visual C project files These object files are dynamically loaded by AVDS at runtime for use in interactive simulations When AVDS starts the avds ini variable AVDS_MODEL points to the directory that contains UDSCBs This can be the UDSCBs delivered with AVDS in the AVDS model directory or a directory selected by the user This directory must contain a file named mode1cap The modelcap file is used by AVDS to identify UDSCBs in this directory This file contains a list of UDSCB object filenames AVDS Users Manual 55 4 6 3 1 Steps for Adding User Defined Simulation Code Blocks Refer to Figure 4 5 for a sample UDSCB 1 Prepare the UDSCB source code file Remember to include the file usr_cblock h For example include lt usr cblock h gt Define and set the variable nBlocks to the number of UDSCBs included in this file For example int nBlocks 1 Define the UDSCBs For example CBlock FBgainFCS Add these blocks to an execution list For example CBlock pCBlockx amp FBgainFCS Prototype the new initialization and update functions For example void fcs init void fcs_ update 6 Declare the UDSCB structure s see Figure 4 5 Add the simulation code initialization and update functions using the arr
86. ne Engine level 0 to 100 Fuel Fuel Remaining 0 to 100 Commands Pitch Stick Pitch command 1 0 to 1 0 Chapter 3 Running AVDS 40 Commands Roll Stick Roll command 1 0to 1 0 Commands Yaw Stick Yaw command 1 0to 1 0 Commands Flaps Flaps Command degrees 1 0 to 1 0 3 4 4 10 Toolbars Menu The Toolbars menu toggle the various toolbars on and off see Section 2 2 for more information concerning choices on this menu File Mode Configure Initialize Cameras Indicators Toolbars Help Main Start Cameras Indicators Playback Messages Status Bar Figure 3 25 Toolbars menu 3 5 Screen Capture To capture screen graphics first copy the graphics image using one of the commands in Table 3 13 and then paste the image into a program such as MS Paint Table 3 13 Command for Earth Fixed Axes Command Resulting Action ALT PRINT SCREEN copy an image of the window that is currently active PRINT SCREEN copy an image of the entire screen 3 6 Video Capture AVDS has a video capture utility AVDS animations are saved to avi files by capturing frames of the action during Playback mode 3 6 1 Video Toolbar Video Save Controls x m Il uu video initialize AVDS for recording video WIN pause upause video recording E record one frame of video c record one second of video 3 6 2 Procedures for Saving Videos 1 Switchto Playba
87. ng Interactive Simulation a recording array is initiated in memory and data is saved to this array The rate of data saved is obtained by dividing one by the Record Scale factor times the aircraft update period Subseguent presses of the shift 6 Key during the same Interactive Simulation session will cause the data saved in memory to be lost and new data to be saved to memory At the end of the Interactive Simulation when the Esc key is pressed the data in memory is saved to a file The filename will be the one displayed on the Record file button in the Simulation Configuration window 4 5 Aircraft State Initialization The Aircraft State Initialization window Figure 4 2 allows the user to select the initial linear or angular positions of the vehicle as well as the initial linear velocities Settings in this window are defined in Table 4 11 Aircraft State Initialization rs Latte ionaitude Apply Init Lat Long Init Lat 0 00000000 Init Long 0 00000000 Cancel mecat stae Settings Velocity Rotation Position Offset Altitude u Y Ww psi theta phi Throttle Z x 5000 500 0 O O TS 0 0 m Se dui Jy EN Aa Vv Apply Settings note select the slider and use the t and keys to make precise adjustments Figure 4 2 Initialize Aircraft State Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 52 Table 4 11 Aircraft State Initialization dialog window entries Control Var
88. not appear in the Record list but are automatically saved during recording FCS type This menu allows the user to select the structure of the FCS The structure is either a user defined structure compiled with AVDS or a predefined structure supplied with AVDS FCS Data File The file that contains the parameter look up tables for the chosen FCS structure Pressing this button brings up a file selection dialog window to select the FCS data file AIRCRAFT type This menu allows the user to select the structure of the aircraft The structure is either a user defined vehicle structure compiled with AVDS or a predefined aircraft structure supplied with AVDS Aircraft Data File The file that contains the parameter look up tables for the chosen aircraft structure Pressing this button brings up a file selection dialog window to select the Aircraft data file Record Filename The filename of the file for saving the record data Pressing this button brings up a file chosen dialog window to select the Record file Record Rate Hz Freguency to save data in Hz Save Lat Longs A check in this block causes AVDS to save the latitude and longitude of each position If the block is un checked then AVDS saves the starting latitude and longitude and then for each point saves the offset from the initial latitude and longitude in feet Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 46 Table 4 2 Environment Outp
89. ns by opening the main window This window gives the user the ability to choose and modify the mode of operation From the Main window there are setup menus and windows to configure and further refine Interactive Simulation or Playback The setup windows and menus are described below AVDS Users Manual 19 Figure 3 2 AVDS Main Window 3 4 Setup menus and Windows 3 4 1 File Menu The file menu contains sub menus for loading and saving global initialization files simulation initialization files and playback initialization files see Figure This menu also contains the command Properties to open the Properties window Each of these is described below 3 4 1 1 File Global Setup The global setup file The default Global Setup file is AVDS_Global ini See Appendix A for more information on the format of global setup file Global Init Open Figure 3 3 File menu Chapter 3 Running AVDS 20 3 4 1 2 File Simulation Init The simulation configuration file The default file extension is sim ini Refer to Chapter 4 on Interactive Simulation for more information on the simulation configuration file 3 4 1 3 File Playback Init The playback configuration file The default file extension is ply ini Refer to Chapter 5 on Data Playback for more information on the playback configuration file 3 4 1 4 File gt Properties This command opens the Properties window AVDS Properties C Program FilesiAVDS bin Auser
90. nt l ID SJC Elevation 56 Rwy 12R 30L 8899 x 150 Rwy 12L 30R 4419 x 150 Sonoma Skypark ID 009 Elevation 20 Rwy 08 26 2500 x 30 Sonoma Valley ID 003 Elevation 11 Rwy 07 25 2700 x 35 Hawaiian Islands Airports City Palo Alto CA Owner County of Santa Clara City Petaluma CA Owner City of Petaluma City San Jose CA Owner County of Santa Clara Rwy 13R 31L 3099 x 75 City San Carlos CA Owner San Mateo County City San Francisco CA Owner Cty amp Co of SF Rwy OIL 19R 7001 x 200 Rwy 10R 28L 10 600 x 200 City San Jose CA Owner City of San Jose Rwy 11 29 4599 x 100 City Sonoma CA Owner Sonoma Skypark City Schellville Sonoma CA Owner W Reichelt Rwy 16 34 2200 x 65 Figure 4 shows the Hawaiian islands The airports in the Hawaiian Islands are shown and described on the following pages C Airports 88 Kauai Airports AVDS Users Manual Land So K aho Sane Hawaii Not to scale Figure 4 Hawaiian Islands Nihau N Not to scale Figure 5 Kauai Airports 89 Barking Sands PMRF ID BKH Elevation 14 Rwy 01 19 6000 x 150 Haiku Airstrip ID HI33 Elevation 3854 Rwy NE SW 2400 x 60 Hanamaulu Airstrip ID HI03 Elevation 404 Rwy NE SW 1600 x 50 Kealia Airstrip ID HI15 Elevation 551 Rwy NE SW 1940 x 60 Kekaha Airstrip ID HI16 Elevation 6 Rwy 09
91. nterest pdInputs 2 size_t szNumberInputs the number of inputs in the pdInputs array double amp pdOuputs the array of outputs from the UCB For example pdOutputs 2 dInputOfInterest size_t szNumberOuputs the number of outputs in the pdOuputs array stringstream ssError the container for returning an error message When FALSE is returned from the function AVDS displays any message contained in ssError in a pop up dialog window For example ssError lt lt An error occurred in UCBXYZ return FALSE UCB Member Functions virtual CCodeBlockUser cbuClone stringstream amp ssError cbuClone is used by AVDS to creat new instances of the UCB The user should override this function and return a pointer to a new instance of the UCB For example CCodeBlockUser CUserHUD cbuClone stringstream amp ssError return new CUserHUD stringstream ssError the container for returning an error message AVDS will signal an error is ssError is returned not empty For example CCodeBlockUser CUserHUD cbuClone stringstream amp ssError CCodeBlockUser pucbTemp new CUserHUD if pucbTemp ssError lt lt Error creating CCodeBlockUser return pucbTemp return FALSE BOOL bConfigure HWND hWndParent stringstream amp ssError bConfigure is called when a user right clicks on the entry for the UCB in the Simulation Configuration or Playback Blocks Configuration d
92. o the beginning of the data set time 0 decrease speed multiplier by one pause resume pause sets speed to 0 resume sets speed to last speed P forward one speed sets speed to 1 gt _ increase speed multiplier by one M Fast forward set time to maximum time of the data increase speed multiplier by 0 1 decrease speed multiplier by 0 1 single time step forward single time step backward continuous loop at the end of the data time is reset to 0 record simulation data display Playback Time toolbar HBP Plaptiaeck limit 2 1 5 Video Toolbar Video Save Conirols iz EA initialize AVDS for recording video MIN pause upause video recording E record one frame of video E record one second of video AVDS Users Manual 11 22 _ Message Window AVDS prints all notice warning and error messages to the Message window The message area is scrollable so all messages can be reviewed Messages are not saved to a file so all messages generated while running AVDS are discarded when the user exits The Message window can be hidden by pressing the X in the top right corner of the Message window or by selecting Messages in the Toolbars menu 2 3 Status Bar Fei Help pesa FU bier Wetrawk Simex Fe none Ret Frame Haner AAH Fai Heip pesa FI Kimu Inpa Aae Bez Cyn Loop SPH FrameHane T2 H Fa Help prec Fi Plapbwcr speed i DDN Crah S1 Frame Fat 155H The Status Bar shows helpful m
93. ocity to display the velocity vector and stability axes acceleration at the pilot s station expressed in Gs This data is used only for the G readout in the HUD total forward velocity in knots This data is used in the velocity readout position of the HUD and also along with alpha and beta to display the velocity vector Mach number for use in the HUD SFCO01 to SFC15 Articulated surface inputs in radians select Data values are used to select weapons on the vehicle launch Valid entries for the data values are 0 and 1 A 1 will cause the selected weapon to be launched Once an weapon has been launched it will not be reset until playback has been stopped and restarted explode Valid entries for the data values are 0 and 1 A 1 will cause the entity to explode Once an entity has exploded it will not be reset until playback has been stopped and restarted ColorOffsetVehicle A signal containing color and transparency definitions that is added to the existing color of all of the polygons of the vehicle image NOTE this signal contains color information that is constructed in the following manner ColorSignal Transparency 2 24 Blue 2 16 Green 2 8 Red Where Transparency Blue Green and Red are values that range between 0 Chapter 5 Data Playback 64 and 255 ColorFlightPath A signal containing color and transparency data that will be used for the flig
94. of understanding and knowledge of basic flight principles and aircraft operation On a basic level the user only needs to know how to log into their account and run the program On a more advanced level e g for Interactive Simulation the user needs to have a working knowledge of C programming and other computer languages if needed and aircraft vehicle simulation 1 2 System Requirements The following system specifications are reguired to install and run the AVDS Version 1 3 Minimum Microsoft Windows 95 98 NT 2000 XP or later 32 MB of RAM At least 120 Megabytes MB of disk space Recommended 1 3 Features Microsoft Windows 95 98 NT 2000 KP or later A Graphics Accelerator capable of hardware acceleration of OpenGL TM 128 MB of RAM At least 250 Megabytes MB of disk space AVDS provides many highly sophisticated features as shown in the following list AVDS Users Manual Distribute tools over many computers on network Distributed interactive simulation Highly detailed USGS compatible terrain Two user definable interactive simulation models nominally Flight Control System FCS and aircraft User definable 3 dimensional parameter look up tables User defined interconnections between simulations Feedback of simulation parameters such as pitch rate altitude airspeed aircraft latitude weight on main landing gear target lock on weapon select weapons release etc Interactive simulation with ext
95. onds frate Frame rate How often the graphics are redrawn in seconds Fgx Fgy Fgz Ground induced accelerations operating through the center of gravity in feet per second squared feet sec 2 Mgx Mgy Mgz Ground induced angular accelrations about the x y and z body axes in radians per per second squared rad sec 2 craftmask A hexadecimal parameter that allows the user to change the appearance of the aircraft see Table 5 1 craft_type Zero based index of craft in the craftcap file That is this is the number of an aircraft from AVDS s Initialize gt Aircraft menu where the numbering starts at zero mode Target lock on mode during simulation Trgt_x Trgt_y Trgt_z Offset to locked on target from center of gravity of aircraft in feet x y and z Trgt az Azimuth of locked on target from nose of aircraft in radians AVDS Users Manual 47 Trgt_el Elevation angle of locked on target from nose of aircraft in radians Trgt_vc Velocity of locked on target in feet per second cam state 0 Pilot Camera 1 one of the outside cameras cam_type 0 Pilot 1 ChaseCam 2 FlightCam Fixed Azimuth 3 FlightCam variable Azimuth 4 TowerCam cam_x cam_y cam_z Linear position of the camera in feet cam_rx cam_ry cam rz Angular position of the camera in degrees Table 4 3 Environment Input Signals Entries for Simulation Input Type Acceleration Signals Descr
96. ong_Or and lat_Or represent the longitudes and latitudes of the locations on the globe of the area bounding box where the processing is to be done All longitudes are measured in degrees from the Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Eguator REMARKS atl pclevels reads in the multiple detail level AVDS terrain files inside of the specified boundaries and outputs multiple reduced detail AVDS terrain files Output files have the form _ _ where the s are numbers SEE ALSO AVDS Users Manual 103 ATL_RASTERFILE Create a windows bitmap file from AVDS terrain data files int atl rasterfile double long 00 double lat 00 double long Oc double lat_Oc double long r0 double lat_r0 double long rc double lat rc char filename int flags RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long_00 lat_00 long_0c lat_0c long r0 lat_r0 long rc lat_rc represent the longitudes and latitudes of the locations on the globe of the the four corners of the bitmap file All longitudes are measured in degrees from the Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Eguator Filename atl rasterfile creates a bitmap file pointed to by filename from AVDS terrain data files flags atl_rasterfile can generate a bitmap file from the different depth colors in the
97. or typedef The following is a list of those variables and their built in types BOOL int V DOUBLE 1 vector lt double gt V DOUBLE IT t V DOUBLE t iterator V BOOL t vector lt BOOL gt V BOOL IT t V_BOOL_t iterator V_BOOL_IT_t Common UCB Member Function Parameters The UCBs have a number of virtual member functions that users can overide with their own code AVDS calls these functions at the appropriate times Many of the member functions use the same structure For example the following is the function prototype for the update visual function virtual BOOL bUpdateVisual double dTimeElapsed const double amp pdInputs size_t szNumberInputs double amp pdOutputs size_t szNumberOutputs stringstream amp ssError 108 Return Values The member functions that return Boolean BOOL values must return either TRUE or FALSE TRUE indicates that the function was completed successfully A return value of FALSE indicates that the function was not completed successfully and will cause AVDS to terminate the simulation or playback and display a dialog window with the returned string see the entry for ssError below Parameters double dTimeElapsed the time in seconds that has elapsed since the START button was pressed const double amp pdInputs the array of inputs that were connected to the block using the Simulation Configuration or Playback Blocks configuration dialog see below For example double dInputOfI
98. p ribbons on and off 3 4 4 6 Indicators gt Body Axes Body axes are an orthogonal set of axes that are fixed at the center of gravity of the aircraft and are aligned to the aircraft See the command list in Table 3 9 Table 3 9 Command for Body Axes Command Resulting Action n Toggles body axes on and off AVDS Users Manual 39 3 4 4 7 Indicators Stability Axes Stability axes are a set of axes that are fixed at the center of gravity of the aircraft and are aligned to the velocity vector See the command list in Table 3 10 Table 3 10 Command for Stability Axes Command Resulting Action xX Toggles stability axes on and off 3 4 4 8 Indicators Earth Axes Earth fixed axes are an orthogonal set of axes that are fixed at the center of gravity of the aircraft and are aligned to the earth See the command list in Table 3 11 Table 3 11 Command for Earth Fixed Axes Command Resulting Action e Toggles Earth fixed axes on and off 3 4 4 9 Indicators Simulation Gauges The Simulation Gauges window contains bar plots showing the state of various simulation variables see Table 3 12 Throttle HORGREO 50 Engine E HB E aH a 128 Woninienas Pitch HHEEEEB 0 Roll PITT TTT 0 Yaw Bl El Bi ELE Ei 0 Flaps 0 Figure 3 24 Simulation Gauges window Table 3 12 Simulation Gauge Variables Label Variable Range Throttle Yo Stick Throttle command 0 to 100 Engi
99. pecial commands This gives the user the ability to visualize aircraft attitude with respect to the various axes systems Model mode also allows the user to explore the terrain database Mode SimPlayback Simulation amp Playback SimPlayback This mode is used for simultaneous interactive simulation and playback i e the user can fly the aircraft interactively in the same environment as a pre recorded aircraft Mode Playback Playback mode is the playback or animation mode Chapter 3 Running AVDS 22 3 4 12 34 1 13 3 4 1 15 3 4 1 16 3 4 1 17 Mode START Start Button Pressing the Start button begins simulation playback observer or model modes When the configurations are complete and all selections are made press the Start button to activate the selected mode Mode STOP Stop Button Pressing the Stop button ends simulation playback observer or model modes Simulation Playback Environment Visibility HUD Terrain Detail Charts Height Exaggeration Joystick Lighting Networking Cipping Near Rendering Scale Objects Video Capture Feet to Longitude Correction 3 4 1 14 Configure Menu Figure 3 6 Configure Menu Configure Simulation Selecting Simulation brings up the Simulation Configuration window Refer to Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation for details about this window Configure Playback Selecting Playback brings up the Playback Configuration window Refer to
100. polygons can be made to rotate about a given axis see the ra capability above The definition of a rotation axis is effective for all of the polygons in the same category The angle of rotation is defined in either interactive simulation or playback modes Wing Tip Wing tip locations are used for the origination points of ribbons that are used to highlight vehicle attitudes during interactive simulation and playback modes Likewise the exhaust position ep is used as the origination point of the fllight path marker BUGS Only 256 characters are allowed for string capabilities and AVDS does not check for overflow of this buffer PORTSCAP LOCATION usr local AVDS ports portscap txt DESCRIPTION Portscap is a data base describing ports used by the flight simulator AVDS Ports and weapons are described in portscap by giving a set of capabilities which they have and describing the what they look like Each entry in the portscap file describes a port and is a line consisting of a number of fields separated by character The first entry for each ports or weapons gives the two names which are known for the port separated by a character The first name is the most common abbreviation for the port or identification The second name given should be a long name fully identifying the port The first name should contain no blanks and are always in lower case for consistency in typing the second name may well contain blanks for readabil
101. puts nominally X Y Z and R axes two button inputs nominally Select and Fire and the hat input selector The X axis joystick input is mapped to the Stick Pitch simulation output Y axis to Stick Roll R axis to the Stick Yaw and Z axis to the Stick Throttle simulation output Note for more information on simulation outputs see Section 4 2 The Select joystick button is mapped to Select simulation output and the Fire button is mapped to the Fire simulation output The joystick Hat input is mapped to a algorithm that trims or incrementally changes the Stick Pitch and Stick Roll simulation outputs All of the analog inputs are adjusted based on the state of the sliders in the Joystick Configuration window by the following algorithm Simulation Output Joystick Output Normalized to 1 0 Trim Bias Scale Table 3 1 outlines the controls in the Joystick window and their effects Chapter 3 Running AVDS 30 Dead Zone Scale Factor Bias X Axis Dead Zone StickR X Scale X Bias ni Cao MR ai COLD a nu a nU i 0 05 oo 2 5 Y Axis Dead Zone StickP Y Scale Y Bias al Gn nen Anni nano aaa YW Fd Peevennened ean 005 _ Y 2 am Z Axis Dead Zone Throttle l a A F Z Scale Z Bias ym di 200 m 1 0 00 R Axis Dead Zone Stick R R Scale R Bias bennsssaaioh E E UNI WA YDYCH 0 05 0 05 2 oh 050 Calibrate Joy
102. r different depth frame buffers flags values are constructed by ORing flags from the following list only one of the first two flags below must be used ATL DEPTH_4 Create colors for 4 bit color map double buffering ATL DEPTH_8 Create colors for 8 bit frame buffers ATL BLUE WATER Use dark blue whenever th levation is zero REMARKS atl_color_post converts from linear color space to gamma corrected space for ATL DEPTH_4 and ATL DEPTH 8 atl_ color _post does the color postprocessing needed by the files used by AVDS Final colors and color maps are calculated The intermediate input color data files have filenames of _ c32 and the output filenames are where is a number atl color post must be called once after the data files have been generated by one or more calls to atl_color atl_color delete and atl shading SEE ALSO atl color atl_color delete atl shading D AVDS Terrain Library Functions 100 ATL_ELEVATION Generate elevations in AVDS terrain data files int atl_elevation double long 00 double lat_00 double long_0c double lat_0c double long r0 double lat_r0 double long rc double lat_rc char filename int num_rows int num_ cols RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long 00 lat_00 represent the longitude and latitude of the location on t
103. r of gravity The length of the vector changes with the total velocity of the aircraft The angles that the vector makes with the aircraft are based on the angle of attack and the sideslip angle See the command list in Table 3 6 Table 3 6 Command for Velocity Vector Indicator Command Resulting Action y Toggles velocity vector indicator on and off 3 4 4 4 Indicators Flight Path Marker The flight path of the aircraft can be highlighted using a white marker line Display of this marker is toggled on and off by pressing the letter i key The marker consists of individual line segments that connect the points in space covered by the aircraft Generation of the flight path marker is toggled on off by the using the I key See the command list in Table 3 7 Table 3 7 Command for Flight Path Marker Command Resulting Action i Toggles flight path marker display on and off Toggles flight path marker generation on and off 3 4 4 5 Indicators gt Wing Tip Ribbons These are ribbons that emanate from the aircraft s wing tips which are defined in the Craft file The use of wing tip ribbons gives the user a better understanding of the aircraft s flight path and any maneuvers the aircraft goes through See the command list in Table 3 8 Table 3 8 Command for Wing Tip Ribbons Command Resulting Action m Toggles the display of wing tip ribbons on and off M Toggles the generation of wing ti
104. ram2 param3 paramd a list of the parameters that will have corresponding look up tables E the update rate in Hz is based on this integer number The actual update may vary depending on the computer and complexity of the simulation model E Init_func the name of a function that AVDS will call to initialize the code block E update func the name of the function that AVDS calls at the rate specified by r to update the simulation CBlock blockname type Type description of code block Description inl in2 in3 in4 in5 in6 Inputs outl out2 out3 Outputs paraml param2 param3 param4 Params r Update Rate Hz init_func Init Function update_func Update Function Figure 4 6 User Defined Simulation Code Block Sample Add declaration of code blocks CBlockYFFBgainFCS USR FCS Type YF 56 Feedback Gains Description Ps Rs YSP Q R Inputs de da dr ddifftail Outputs kpitch kroll kyaw Params 60 Update Rate Hz YF init Init Function YF_update Update Function Figure 4 7 User Defined Code Block Header Information Sample Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 58 Chapter 5 Data Playback 5 1 5 2 5 2 1 5 2 1 1 General Playback mode allows the user to animate the time history of one or many vehicle s linear and rotational motions Time history data are contained in an array in user prov
105. seCam and TCam TowerCam The Adjust button brings up the Camera Position Adjustment window which enables the user to adjust camera position using sliders shown below Cam Position Adjust X aa WM GYENTEt tes Ee Se eS eS TE The rest of the buttons on the Camera bar adjust the position of the camera based on the type of camera The l lt and W buttons change the cameras vertical position The BB and E buttons change the cameras horizontal position The EFI and mai buttons move the cameras closer or farther away from the aircraft Note in the case of the TCam the i and m buttons change the zoom factor Many of the commands on the Cameras toolbar can also be found in the Cameras menu as shown below Chapter 2 Quick Reference 10 2 1 3 Indicators Toolbar T T E mH TT TT The Indicators toolbar contains buttons that toggle the various indicators on and off The indicators are HUD Strip Charts Charts Velocity Vector VelVect Flight Path Marker display Flt Path and generate Gen Path Wing Tip Ribbons display Ribbons and generate Gen Rib Body Axes Body Ax Stability Axes Stab Ax Earth oriented axes Earth Ax simulation gauges Gauges and display of cross hairs in the HUD HUD X 2 1 4 Playback Toolbar Playback Controls HM exalt ree tajdoj soles lt o uu The Playback toolbar contains buttons that control playback and recording The functions are MI rewind t
106. see the Common UCB Member Function Parameters section BOOL bExitCleanUp double dTimeElapsed const double amp pdInputs size_t szNumberInputs double amp pdOutputs size_t szNumberOutputs stringstream amp ssError bExitCleanUp is used to perform any tasks necessary at the end of the simulation This function is called when the STOP button is pressed For definition of the parameters see the Common UCB Member Function Parameters section UCB Member Storage F UserCodeBlock 110 There are many storage members defined in the class AVDS uses these class members to configure the UCB Each of the storage member describe below has associated accessor functions i e the accessors for the member m_strBlockLabel are string amp strGetBlockLabel return m_strBlockLabel const string amp strGetBlockLabel const return m_strBlockLabel The accessor functions should be used in the place of the storage members i e strGetBlockLabel This is UCB XYZ string strTemp strGetBlockLabel string m_strBlockLabel This string is used to display the block label in the Simulation Configuration or Playback Blocks Configuration dialog windows string m_strInputs This string is used to define the names and numbers of inputs to the UCB m_strInputs must contain a list of input names separated by spaces or tabs string m_strOutputs This string is used to define the names and numbers of outputs from the UCB m_strOutputs m
107. sitive down ANGULAR MOTION conventions pitch positive nose up roll positive left wing up yaw positive nose right clockwise Axes x Positive rotation positive pitch y Positive rotation positive roll z Positive rotation positive yaw Table 4 6 Environment Gauge Input Signals Signals Description Fuel 0 0 1 0 StickThrottle 0 0 1 0 Engine 0 250 StickPitch 1 0 StickRoll 1 0 StickYaw 1 0 Flap 1 0 AVDS Users Manual 49 Table 4 7 Environment Record Input Signals Signals Description E lon N_lat DEFAULT East Longitude and north latitude of the vehicle in degrees decimal initial position only dtime DEFAULT elapsed time in seconds Rel Pos E DEFAULT East and North position of the vehicle in feet relative Rel Pos N the starting latitude and longitude Alt DEFAULT Altitude of the vehicle in feet Theta Phi Psi DEFAULT Euler angles in degrees craftmask DEFAULT A hexadecimal parameter that allows the user to change the appearance of the aircraft see Table 5 1 craft_type DEFAULT Zero based index of craft in the craftcap file That is this is the number of an aircraft from AVDS s Initialize gt Aircraft menu where the numbering starts at zero engine DEFAULT Engine power level indicator 0 250 alpha_deg beta_deg Angle of attack and sideslip angle in degrees Gs Acceleration at the pilot station in Gs
108. stick Use Joystick Trim Step Size X Roll Trim Step Size Y Pitch F 0 004 _ 0 004 Reset Sliders IV Use Keyboard Mouse for Rudder IV Use Keyboard Mouse for Throttle Joystick Command Joystick normalized to 1 0 Trim Bias Scale Figure 3 16 Joystick configuration dialog Table 3 1 Controls in the Joystick Window Entry Resulting Action X Y Z R Axis Dead The dead zone is the portion of the joystick travel near its center Zone position that doesn t cause a resulting joystick output The dead zone can be adjusted for each analog input by moving the appropriate dead zone sliders The range of these sliders is LEFT 1 00 to 0 00 RIGHT 0 00 to 1 00 X Y Z R Scale Adjusts the scale factor for the joystick axis The range is 1 to 500 X Y Z R Bias Adjusts the bias factor for the joystick axis The range is 1 0 to 1 0 Calibrate Joystick Brings up the MS Windows Joystick Properties dialog window This window can also be accessed outside of AVDS in the Control Panel window Trim Step Size X Roll Changes the X axis trim increment step size This range is 0 0 to 0 1 Trim Step Size Y Pitch Changes the Y axis trim increment step size This range is 0 0 to 0 1 Reset Sliders The Reset Sliders button returns all sliders to their default positions Use Joystick Checking this block make the joystick active If this block is unchecked the mouse will be used for
109. to the entities altitude i e if the entities altitude is 0 0 feet then checking this block will cause the entity to be displayed at ground level 5 2 2 12 Entity Ground Level gt Solid Ground If this block is checked then the entity can not move below the surface of the terrain 5 2 2 13 Global Scaling If the Allow check box is unchecked the entity will not be scaled when the Object Scale see section B 4 1 22 value is changed To open the Object Scale dialog window choose Configure gt Environement gt Scale Objects from the AVDS menu 5 2 2 14 Transparency Yo This slider control selects the transparency of the entity 0 is no transparency i e opaque 100 is completely transparent i e invisible 5 2 2 15 Color Offset Checking any of the four boxes Entity Path Ribbon Port or Ribbon Starboard applies the color values represented by the color box below the entry to the existing colors in the craft file and to those in the playback data To choose a new color click on the box below the component and choose a new color using the color dialog window 5 2 2 16 Visible Components Checking or un checking the visible component boxes will cause those components to be shown or hidden respectively during playback AVDS Users Manual 63 Table 5 12 Dynamic Items Entry Description X y Z The describe the linear position given as an offset in feet from the initial latitude and longitud
110. ty ranges from 0 0 to 1 0 and possible categories are enumerated in the enum type enCraft see the file CodeBlockUser h i e vdGetColorDensity craftExhaust 0 1 V_BOOL_t m_vbShowComponent If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used show not show vehicle s polygon categories The possible entries are FALSE and TRUE and possible categories are enumerated in the enum type enCraft see the file CodeBlockUser h i e vbShowComponent craftGearFore FALSE double m_dViewPortFractionX This member is used to set the fraction of the total window width that is used by AVDS to draw the scene The rest of the window can be used for user defined graphics This member ranges from 0 0 to 1 0 double m_dViewPortFractionY This member is used to set the fraction of the total window heigth that is used by AVDS to draw the scene The rest of the window can be used for user defined graphics This member ranges from 0 0 to 1 0 F UserCodeBlock 112 G UserCodeBlock Samples General There are four examples of the user of UCBs UserHUD UserRadar UserWingman and UserText The source code for each of these example can be found in the directory AVDS model in the subdirectories UserHUD UserRadar UserWingman and UserText respectively UserHUD implements a heads up display in the UCB UserRadar implements a radar display in a UCB UserWingman implements a second vehi
111. uld be first entry Angle between views used in sorting polygons degrees Category of polygons fuselage exhaust etc Close indicates the previous points define a polygon Center of mass of craft numbers X Y Z in feet Controlled by pilot heatseeking radarguided bomb Color of the polygons that follow Red Green Blue Color of transparent polygons follow Red Green Blue Polygons that follow are used when distance gt O ft Polygons that follow are used when distance gt 250 ft Polygons that follow are used when distance gt 1000 ft Polygons that follow are used when distance gt 4000 ft Polygons that follow are used when pilots position Double sided polygons on off 1 on flight path marker color Red Green Blue Exhaust position behind craft numbers X Y Z in feet Unique enumeration ID for the craft This is a list of integers Parent component type Port wing ribbon color Red Green Blue Pilot s position in craft numbers X Y Z in feet 3D Point on craft numbers X Y Z in feet Port wingtip position numbers X Y Z in feet Stations 0 9 and the weapons at each Starboard wing ribbon color Red Green Blue Shadow on off 1 on Starboard wingtip position numbers X Y Z in feet The rotation axis for an articulated surface numbers X0 YO ZO X1 Y1 Z1 in feet Transparency level 0 0 transparent 1 0 Opaque 71 A File Formats wh num Weight of the warhead in pounds the following are used for crash detection onl
112. und type object is over GROUND TYPE WATER etc u_char engine engine level ENGINE MIN ENGINE MAX etc int craft type craftcap type 0O gt INT MAX craftcap order A int collide damage unigue craft id MASK WING_PORT etc int collide craftid unigue craft id unitless xf int collide hostid hostid unitless AVDS Users Manual 79 Af int lockon hostid hostid of target unitless 0znolock ky int craft_checksum crafttcap checksum unitless a int craftid unique craft id unitless af int hostid hostid unitless x short status status STATUS_LOCAL etc char home_port SIZE HOME PORT Airport name string char handle PACKET HANDLE SIZE string int revision REMARKS This function initializes the aircraft structure Once the aircraft structure has been initialized various elements of the structure are set before sending the information using the PutAircraft function B AVDS Network Library Functions 80 PUT AIRCRAFT Send the information in an aircraft structure on the local network int Put_Aircraft Aircraft aP RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER finclude lt UserNetwork lib gt PARAMETERS Aircraft aP this is a pointer to the aircraft structure see that is used to transfer aircraft dynamics data to the AVDS network packet REMARKS This
113. up operation is multiplied by this real number m bias this real number is added to the value obtained from the lookup operation m vari dat 1 vari dat var2_dat_1 var2_dat_m var3_dat_1 var3_dat_n the tabular values of var1 var2 var3 for this parameter When the actual value of var1 var2 or var3 falls between these tabular values the result of the table look up operation is obtained through interpolation m dat 111 dat Imn look up table values 4 6 2 2 Example Here is an example using the look up table in Figure 4 4 If vel 500 0 aoa 45 0 and beta 90 0 where vel velocity aoa angle of attack and beta side slip angle then a call to the sample look up table would return the following param_A 3 0 0 5 100 0 98 5 Chapter 4 Interactive Simulation 54 4 6 3 This is a Simple Example of a paremeter look up file pParam A 4 4 3 vel aoa beta 5 100 90 0 90 0 0 0 45 0 90 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 45 0 90 0 90 0 0 0 Figure 4 4 Simple Look up Table Example Adding User Defined Simulation Code Blocks UDSCB To redefine the structure of the FCS or aircraft the user must add or modify existing UDSCBs UDSCBs are written in C or in a language that can interface with C AVDS is supplied with example UDSCBs that can be modified or used as templates for new models The header of these models contains the information needed by AVDS to integrate these models into interactive si
114. urns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long_00 lat_00 long_0c lat_0c long r0 lat_r0 long rc lat_rc long 00 and lat_00 long Oc and lat_0c long r0 and lat_r0 and long_Or and lat Or represent the longitudes and latitudes of the locations on the globe of the area bounding box where the elevation postprocessing is to be done All longitudes are measured in degrees from the Meridian of Greenwich and all latitudes are measured in degrees from the Eguator REMARKS atl_elevation_post does the elevation postprocessing needed by the data files used by AVDS Minimum and maximum elevations are calculated The data files have filenames of where is a number atl_ elevation _post must be called once after the data files have been generated by one or more calls to atl _elevation and atl_ elevation delete SEE ALSO atl elevation D AVDS Terrain Library Functions 102 ATL_PCLEVELS Generate elevations in AVDS terrain data files int atl_pclevels double long 00 double lat 00 double long_0c double lat_0c double long r0 double lat_r0 double long rc RETURN VALUES Returns an integer with the value 0 on success and 1 on failure REOUIRED HEADER include lt atl h gt PARAMETERS long_00 lat_00 long_0c lat_0c long r0 lat_r0 long rc lat_rc long 00 and lat_00 long_Oc and lat_0c long r0 and lat_r0 and l
115. used is Correction 1 0 Latitude 90 0 90 0 1 0 3 4 2 Initialize Menu File Mode Configure Initialize Cameras Indicators Toolbars Help Airport gt Aircraft Image gt Aircraft State Figure 3 20 Initialize menu 3 4 2 1 Initialize Airport This is the Airport menu to select the airport from which to fly This menu contains the airports listed in the ports PortsMenu file 3 4 2 2 Initialize Aircraft Image This is the aircraft image menu to select the aircraft image This menu contains the aircraft images listed in the craft craftcap file See the craftcap man page in Appendix A for more information on building new aircraft images 3 4 2 3 Initialize Aircraft State This menu selection brings up the Aircraft State Initialization Window See Section 4 5 for more information on aircraft state initialization 3 4 3 Cameras Menu This menu allows the user to switch between camera modes and contains the same commands as the Cameras Toolbar see Section 2 2 2 AVDS has three camera views FlightCam ChaseCam and TrackCam A camera view determines the dynamics of the graphical viewpoint of the user That is AVDS allows the user to view the simulation from any angle and any distance but how the user s viewpoint changes during the simulation is a function of the camera view In AVDS the viewpoint can be tied directly to the center of gravity of the aircraft tied loosely to the center of gravity or rem
116. used to identify airport image definition files the airport image definition files and compiled airport files See Appendix A Portscap file formats for more information on the portscap and airport image definition files 3 1 6 The terrain directory The terrain directory contains terrain data files used in AVDS AVDS derives the latitude and longitude of the terrain block from the name of the file The convention for naming these files is XXX_YYY where XXX longitude 180 0 1 171875 longitude 180 0 9 375 amp 0x01 YYY latitude 90 0 1 171875 latitude 90 0 9 375 amp 0x01 3 1 7 The userfiles directory The userfiles directory contains files that configure the simulation or data playback The files include sim ini ply ini These are sample configuration files for the Aircraft Initialization Window and the Playback Configuration Window respectively AVDS Users Manual 17 3 1 8 3 1 9 3 1 10 31 11 3 1 12 3 2 These files are used to save configurations and can be copied and customized by the user file cam This is a sample file containing camera commands used during playback see Section 5 2 2 10 av txt fes txt These are example parameter look up table files These files are used to modify simulation dynamics and can be changed between simulation runs to change aircraft and flight control system simulation dynamics for the Aviator Aircraft and the Feedback Gains f
117. ust contain a list of output names separated by spaces or tabs double m_dUpdateRate_hz This is the target rate in Hz for AVDS to call the bUpdateDynamics function int m_iGeometryIndex AVDS uses this member storage to determine if to associate a vehicle geometry with the UCB It also determines which geometry to display If bUpdateDynamics is negative then no craft will be associated with this UCB If bUpdateDynamics if greater than or equal to zero then its value is used to select the vehicle geometry from the list of vehicles in the file AVDS craft craftcap txt Note the numbering of the craft in the list starts at zero double m_dInitLatitude_degd If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set the initial latitude The latitude is given in degrees decimal double m_dInitLongitude_degd If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set the initial longitude The longitude is given in degrees decimal BOOL m_bUseModelingMatrix If this member is set to TRUE AVDS uses the values in m_vdTranslate and m_vdRotate to create and implements a modeling matrix in OpenGL With this modeling matrix active the user can place use OpenGL commands in the bUpdateVisual function to draw 3 dimensional objects in the environment V DOUBLE t m_vdTranslate If a vehicle geometry is associated with this UCB then this member is used to set the linear position of the vehicl
118. ut STICK_R param GAIN_CR input ROLL param GAIN_R input STICK_Y param GAIN_CY input YAW param GAIN_Y input STICK_T YA fcs update input output param double input output param output D_ELE input STICK_P param GAIN_CP input PITCH param GAIN_P output D_AIL input STICK_R param GAIN_CR input ROLL param GAIN_R output D_RUD input STICK_Y param GAIN_CY input YAW param GAIN_Y output D_THR input STICK_T Figure 4 5 User Defined Simulation Code Block Header Information 4 6 3 2 User Defined Simulation Code Block Header Information Refer to Figure 4 6 E Blockname the name of the user code block This is entered in the usr_cblock c file to notify AVDS of this new code block E Type the value in this location is either USR_FCS or USR Ac The type of the block determines where it is displayed on the Aircraft Initialization page E Description of code block a textual description of the code block This description is displayed in the type menu for the aircraft of FCS on the Aircraft Initialization page AVDS Users Manual 57 E in in2 in3 in4 in5 ind a list of the inputs to this block These are displayed under FCS In or AC In on the Aircraft Initialization page E outl out2 out3 a list of the outputs from this block These are displayed under FCS Out or AC Out on the Aircraft Initialization page E param pa
119. ut Signals Signals Description StickPitch StickRoll Inputs from the joystick mouse or keyboard StickYaw StickThrottle Select Which weapon is selected from joystick or keyboard Fire Weapon firing indicator from joystick or keyboard Flap Indicates if flaps are down or up from keyboard Gear Indicates if gear is up or down from keyboard WtMLG Weight on main landing gear indicator Brake Indicates when brakes are being applied from keyboard fuel Fuel percentage indicator 0 100 engine Engine power level indicator 0 250 E_lon N_lat East Longitude and north latitude of the vehicle in degrees decimal Rel_Pos E East and North position of the vehicle in feet relative the starting Rel Pos_N latitude and longitude Alt Absolute altitude of the vehicle in feet AItAGL Altitude of the vehicle above ground level in feet u v W x y Z body axis velocities in feet per second Velocity Total velocity in knots Mach Mach number Qbar Dynamic pressure in pounds per square inch Rho Atmospheric density in slugs per cubic foot Gs Acceleration at the pilot station in Gs Alpha Beta Angle of attack and sideslip angle in radians alpha_deg beta_deg Angle of attack and sideslip angle in degrees P Q R Roll pitch and yaw rates in body axis radians per second Theta Phi Psi Euler angles in degrees dtime Simulation time step in sec
120. w the order of the columns is set up in AVDS using the Playback Configuration dialog window see Initial Latitude Longitude At the beginning of the playback file the user can specify entries for the aircraft s initial latitude and longitude in degrees decimal This is optional and if the initial latitude and longitude are not specified they are set to those of the selected airport The initial latitude and longitude is the point where the animation starts in most cases it is not critical where this point is An initial latitude and longitude can be obtained by flying an aircraft in Simulation mode to the desired location and then starting the Record function at that point this will save that latitude and longitude to the save file If the latitude and longitude are specified as 9999 9 and 9999 9 AVDS will interpret the x and y data as latitude and longitude Examples of latitude and longitude entries are LAT 37 793625 60 LONG 122 32856 and to signal the use of latitude and longitude in the x y entries LAT 9999 9 LONG 9999 9 Enumeration ID An enumeration ID can be entered to select a craft to be associated with the data These IDs are optional entries in the craft files see the entry for ID in b An example of the enumeration entry is ID 23 45 21 22 45 77 222 33 Comments Except for lines containing LAT LONG and ID line that start with 2 or are ignored i e percent hash or dollar symbols Example
121. work sublicens may not distribute ngineer reate derivative The or otherwise modify adopt ed te derivative works of the documentation or master until terminated You may at any time by destroying the Software and all hts under this License will terminate tice from RasSimTech if you fail to comply with nse Upon termination you must destroy the You expressly ack thereof IS a lice EX WA AN RIGHTS PR nd wi nsor s RasSimTec RasSimTec ESS O RRANT II D FITN B B t your sole risk nowledge and agree that The Software is provided AS hou y s h R IM S AN SS E Rass N H THE SOFT SOFTWARE H AR t warranty of any for t licensor s EXPRESSLY PLIED INCL D OR CONDIT OR A PARTIC imTech DOES shall UDING ULAR OT b kind and RasSi he purposes of provisio h and RasSimTech s 5 RasSimTech and ferred to as mTec ns 4 and BU collectively r DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTI ES AND OR CONDITIONS T NOT LIMIT D TO THE IMPLIED a IONS OF PU WA RP M RRAN ai R os HANTABIL AND NON TY OR SATISFACTORY OUALITY NFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY I I THAT THI T FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN Bi F R WILI EQ UI F R T ENTS OR THAT TH PERATION OF TH a E WILL ET YO R PT U
122. y ix num Moment of inertia Ixx about the x axis in slugft2 iy num Moment of inertia lyy about the y axis in slugft2 iz num Moment of inertia Izz about the z axis in slugft2 we num Unloaded and nonfueled weight of the craft in pounds Describing Craft The polygons must be either triangles or guadrilaterals Ouads must be planar Surface normals are created by taking the cross product of the first two edges u v of the polygon The normal is described as u ull X v Alvi where u point2 point1 and v point3 point2 The polygon must not be degenerate ull 0 and v 0 Since back facing polygons are rejected infinitely thin objects must be described by two polygons with the same points but opposite ordering to insure their normals are pointing in opposite directions Long polygons should be broken into smaller polygons near where they intersect other polygons If the angle between views is negative a very forgiving polygon sorting algorithm is used The craft should be oriented so that the Y axis is pointing in the direction of flight the X axis is pointing to the right starboard and the Z axis is pointing up as viewed from the cockpit Categories Groups of polygons are designated to belong to a specific category Legal categories are canopy engine engine port engine starboard engine opening engine opening port engine opening starboard exhaust exhaust port exhaust starboard fuselage

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