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Senior Design Report for ECE 477 – Spring 2009

1. c Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The electricivic drive system created a new experience for all members of the team The novelty is in the fact that the current sourcing circuitry is completely digital Many modern current controlled sources use analog circuitry to monitor current and control the state of the A 5 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 switching elements These circuits require tedious tuning of all feedback circuits that have high sensitivity to aspects such as source voltage ripple and component tolerances With a digital implementation the switching states are controlled directly and tuning analog values is eliminated Algorithms such as phase shifted parallel currents with time varying hysteresis bands would be impractical if even possible with an analog switching circuit By using an FPGA this method is easily attainable and very reliable d Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The first step in the project was to define the specifications of the final product It was decided to design a drive for small to medium size passenger vehicles requiring less than 200 HP An electric motor was purchased due to its high power t
2. Manufacturability The manufacturability constraint consists mainly of the size of the device First of all we wanted a box for our user interface to be as small as possible the size of the LCD screen dictated the absolute minimum size Secondly we wanted the motor brackets to be able to handle both a 3 on a side guitar as well as a 6 in line guitar To minimize the amount of material used in the brackets only one side was made long enough to accommodate a 6 in line guitar Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project There are several different disciplines used in the creation of das Autottnr Electrical engineering was the main focus near the beginning of the project when we were creating our schematic PCB layout and populating the PCB After that computer engineering skills took over as each member worked on a part of the code needed on development boards and then on our PCB When not working on code mechanical engineering played a large role in creating the motor brackets and the peg holders Due to the homework reports needed we also used managerial skills ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 g Description of project deliverables and their final status The final deliverable consists of a motor assembly and a user console box The motor assembly consists of two motor brackets one long bracket and one short bracket There are also six servo motors fitted with peg holders which can be arranged in different confi
3. Once the individual components had been selected the next step was to design our circuit The schematic and pcb layout were refined over several weeks After spring break we populated our board and then troubleshot all of our hardware issues We had lots of problems with our 20V boost and our differential amplifiers After the pcb was 100 complete coding was started The software was tested on a smaller motor and then scaled up to our full size 48V motor Individual parts of the code were tested one at a time then compiled into on master code revision Assembly and testing then took place over the final two weeks A final evaluation of the project indicates several less than optimal design choices The pcb has many components fly wired and our motor drive circuitry has changed quite dramatically The project will be handed over to one team member who will continue the development and implement several improvements Current control will be used to control the motor discrete MOSFETs will be used in place of the IGBT module a speed sensor will be installed as well as more information on the LCD Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic The economic constraints were strictly adhered to The team was able to obtain se
4. A 3 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 g Description of project deliverables and their final status The final product was delivered on time and completely functional The project was fully encased and fulfilled all PSSCs The USB functioned flawlessly we were able to retrieve information including song names and MP3 raw data The Ethernet stack performed impeccably we were able to connect to the device and view the queue list of songs and vote effortlessly The Touch Screen GUI performed the same functions as the Ethernet portion of our project Finally the queue updates following a user vote The algorithm does promote fairness when voting and tracts the popularity of a song The jukebox was packaged in a sleek black plastic case delivered with a USB thumb drive an AC adaptor and a T 5 cable ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 2 Project Title Electricivic Senior Design Students Team Composition Expected Graduation Date Area s of Expertise Utilized in Project Benjamin Dannan VHDL Signal Processing May 2009 Mark Snyder Power Electronics Motor May 2009 Control Mike Mitchell VHDL C Assembly May 2009 Matt Klutzke CmpE Software Ul s May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two
5. ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 6 Project Title ALF Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Andrew Hartnett Dec 2009 David Eslinger Circuit Design May 2009 Curt Schieler Programming May 2009 Ken Pesyna Programming May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach ALF is a device that allows a user to stream audio with or without an effect and allows a user to record approximately 20 seconds of audio with an ability to play that audio back The intended customer is anyone that is interested in manipulating audio The original purpose of ALF was to implement Rice Coding in an FPGA however time did not permit this and instead digital effects such as a flange were explored The project was approached in logical fashion first we determined what parts were necessary to complete our goals and then selected the parts based on the constraints of the project such as speed size of memory etc Next the Printed Circuit Board was designed with specification
6. This process required a lot of trial and error to find an effective way to lay all the traces on the PCB A 36 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Submitting our PCB was the next step which was followed by populating it and testing Instead of testing all PCBs as a whole we decided to test each individually This allowed us to keep the guesswork that comes along with debugging to a minimum Finally when all the hardware testing was completed construction of the actual package and software testing and debugging followed The construction of the package needed to include thought about the sensitivity of the reed switches touch sensors and dispersion of LEDs After completing the project we needed to evaluate at which point we wanted to stop adding features and iron out all the bugs to make a perfect project Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic As a first design prototype we were pleased at the final cost of our design A goal was to make this project attractive to beginning chess players who most likely would not want to overpay for a chess board trainer Extrapolating our initial design cost into a refined mass produced product our project would become very affordable Environmental Not So Deep Blue d
7. Utilized in Project Graduation Date Ryan Sherlock PCB design May 2009 Jason Cray Game design May 2009 Joseph Mundackal Schematic design May 2009 Michael Warsco Peripheral interfacing May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach Our project design is a video game console It utilizes a VGA monitor output for all video transmissions a Buzzer for playing simple audio tones and sounds a USB drive for sending and receiving game data through a USB flash drive and a home made controller for manipulating game data through a series of buttons Our customer influence was people similar in taste to us those people who grew up with video games which are more old school in nature Speaking of course of the older video game systems that used 8 bit technology not the new consoles with their fancy graphic accelerations Our system employs an embedded Linux Tin Can Tools Hammer module with memory mapped I O for port pin interaction We use several serial communications protocols for data transfer including UART and SPI We also use several pins as general purpose which allow us to toggle them at our leisure for communications with the controller The purpose of this project is entertainment Video games are one of the best ways in recent history to
8. a magnetometer a battery monitor and a barometer These sensors and the motor controllers are based around the popular dsPIC33 The dsPIC33 is used for the sensor handling and motor control to try and stabilize flight for the end user To communicate with the end user the microcontroller utilizes the Roving Networks WiFly wireless module and an RS 232 level translator These then communicate to a remote end user using either a serial line or a wireless network Based on these parts selected the design was based around utilizing all of the features desired in a single streamlined software package on the microcontroller This required a proper PCB layout to give stable and useful data and communication that could be handled by the microcontroller to allow flight for the end user With the PCB designed we were able to achieve motor control two way communication battery monitoring and warning and a form of stabilization though limited to an isolated axis at a time A 29 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The microcontroller design was based around concepts taught in ECE 362 about interrupt driven design and peripheral management We utilized UART Timers PWM SPI and ADC in our design based around ideas taught in 362 The software is written in C which has been taught in CS 158 ECE 264 and ECE 368 The remote client softw
9. economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Environmental The main environmental and design constraints are limited to the manufacture of the product specifically the manufacture of the printed circuit board and components and the disposal of the product In an effort to be as environmentally friendly A 10 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 as possible while allowing for ensuring the product a decent and realistic life soan ROHS compliant components will only be used In the current design all components except for the diodes located on the three smaller charge discharge circuit boards are RoHS compliant With later revisions it will be possible to find appropriate ROHS compliant substitutes for these diodes In addition to ROHS compliance the BLANK on the main board are also green When it comes to disposal of the product proper disposal and recycling methods are discussed in the user manual to allow for the most environmentally friendly method of disposal This will mainly consist of referring the user to the organizations like that specialize in the recycling of electrical components Also the user will have the option of returning their used or defective product to the company for recycling through the same venues mentioned earlier Ethical The ethical concerns surrounding the coil gun consist of protecting the user from the high voltage circuitry
10. of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Michael Stuckenschneider Motor Control amp Hardware May 2009 Loren Garby Motor Control amp Hardware May 2009 Arin Chakraverty Software May 2009 Janell Niekamp Packaging amp May 2009 Documentation Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach Moto eV is a project focused on releasing people from the current dependency on fossil fuels The combustion of fuel produces harmful emissions and only increases our dependency on foreign oil Through the design of a fully electric motorcycle Moto eV strives to provide an economical and environmentally friendly form of commuter transportation b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The bulk of this project has been built upon the foundation of previous coursework EE423 EE321 amp EE323 were critical for the motor control aspect of our project EE362 was obviously very important in that it introduced the team to microcontrollers EE201 and associated lab courses were helpful in the general circuit design The team skills and troubleshooting methods that were developed over the past semesters in many different classes were also very important c Description of what new tec
11. at least 20 years Each component is designed to be extremely resilient The design is such that it is resistant to misuse For example the connectors are slightly recessed into the case so that users do not pull out cables At the discretion of the owner the device may be placed at a specific location to ensure that no child under the age of 10 may play with the jukebox Manufacturability The jukebox is expected to be extremely marketable because parts were chosen based on their price As such the device can be made to be profitable on the market depending on the final integration of the touch screen If the touch screen was removed the device would be extremely cost effective Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project This project involved skills acquired from both the electrical and computer sides of ECE Most of the circuit design pulled from the knowledge learned in electrical engineering courses such as ECE201 ECE202 and ECE255 The greater portion of the skills needed for our project came from the computer side of ECE The software was extremely tedious and ECE362 provided the greatest amount of help The class taught us about how microprocessors function and how they interface with external devices The analog and digital sides of the project prove that for a device to function adequately a multidisciplinary team is of upmost importance As such the team benefitted from having both electrical and computer engineers
12. battery bank is installed the battery charge will also be displayed e Ability to detect system temperature for thermal fail safes Multiple temperatures were accurately sensed and displayed on the screen A maximum allowable temperature can be set in code A heat gun was used to simulate high operating temperatures and the system responded by giving a warning message on the screen A 8 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 3 Project Title Lock Stock and Three Smoking Coils Senior Design Students Team Composition Name Iw UE in Projet Graduation Date Utilized in Project Graduation Date Ryan Eder CompE Hardware May 2009 Thomas Minor CompE Software May 2010 David Grothe CompE Packaging May 2009 Jason Kamuda CompE Hardware May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The Electric Musket is a single stage coil gun capable of propelling ferromagnetic projectiles at a maximum speed of 60 feet per second The device features three pushbuttons one to initiate the charging sequence for the capacitor bank on
13. day they will need replacing This procedure would need to be completed by an approved mechanic with a thorough understanding of the Moto eV system Manufacturability The manufacturing of an electric motorcycle is not that much different from the process that is currently used for combustion powered bikes A moving assembly line would be used with the large modules built off of the main line These separate modules would then be installed in the chassis on the main line Special care will need to be taken with the sensitive electronics parts Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project This project involved a lot of engineering from the mechanical and materials departments The battery cage electronics plate and motor mount all needed to be carefully designed to deal with the stresses and strains they encounter on a motorcycle These parts were made out of aluminum due to aluminum s excellent strength to density ratio The motor mount is L aluminum the battery cage is 1 8 aluminum and the electronics plate is 1 16 aluminum Also the method of mounting these parts was carefully engineered Every bolt used is grade 8 which was chosen for its superior shear strength The rear drive train ratio was chosen for optimum acceleration versus top speed performance The chain size was chosen so that it can easily be replaced with stock motorcycle chain A 48 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 g Description of proje
14. details Custom printed circuit board Through the process of the design each group will be required to draw a detailed schematic From the schematic a two layer maximum printed circuit board will be created Board etching will be processed by the ECE Department the first one is free but any subsequent iterations are the team s responsibility The team is then responsible for populating the board solder the parts on the board and for completing the final stages of debugging and testing on their custom board Be of personal interest to at least two team member It is very difficult to devote the time and energy required to successfully complete a major design project in which you and or your team members have no personal interest There are lots of possibilities ranging from toys and games to useful and socially redeeming household items like audio signal processors and security systems Be tractable You should have a basic idea of how to implement your project and the relative hardware software complexity involved For example you should not design an internet appliance if you have no idea how TCP IP works Also plan to use parts that are reasonably priced have reasonable footprints and are readily available Be cognizant of the prototyping limitations associated with surface mount components Be neatly packaged The finished project should be packaged in a reasonably neat physical sound environmentally
15. drive A USB thumb drive is provided with the jukebox A user may upload any large amount of MP3 formatted songs on the flash drive The plug and play device will then decode any song for line level audio output on a speaker system The use of the product extends to any commercial entity be it a caf or an apparel store The jukebox is designed for use in any commerce with intent to produce pleasant music for its customers The purpose of the jukebox is to provide patrons with the freedom to choose what they listen to This system supports positive customer feelings and enhances the business The system promotes fairness by using an algorithm that chooses songs based on popularity The Jukebox is composed of 3 main systems USB Ethernet and the LCD touch screen The USB thumb drive allows the owner to input a variety of songs from his or hers personal computer The Ethernet controller allows users to interact with the device using any internet enabled device The touch screen allows users to interact with the device on a more personal level The device may be accessed by any laptop or web enabled device When accessing either terminal a user is able to vote on any song an unlimited amount of times A user may view the available songs in alphabetical order and may also view the current play queue Each display is separated by a tab The GUI is designed to be extremely user friendly The touch screen terminal which contains the body of the device should
16. inherent in the design as well as enacting proper precautions in order to prevent any accidental and to an extent intentional misuse of the device Protecting the user from the high voltage circuitry is accomplished by ensuring that no exposed wires are present in the packaged product In addition it is essential that there is a physical barrier between internal wiring and the three high voltage charge discharge circuit boards packaged next to the barrier Essentially high voltage components and wires will remain packaged near the barrier surrounded by the device s outer wooden layer The ethical concern of preventing misuse of the product can be addressed by incorporating safety features into the coil gun as well as informing the how to use the device in a safe and responsible manner and possibly licensing future more powerful revisions of the design Integrated safety features include adding in a PIN or including a key requirement for the device to operate to ensure only qualified and designated individuals use the device A physical safety toggle switch can also be added as well as a flip cover over the trigger pushbutton to prevent an accidental firing of the device User manual information will also advise the user of the legal repercussions of firing upon animals persons and property and recommend that this type of use be strictly avoided Health amp Safety The safety of the user forced us to hide any and all high voltage wires and lines f
17. of the control logic for the tuner which involves amplifying the incoming sound signal and analyzing the incoming frequencies using a DSP chip The microcontroller is also housed in the console and is responsible for sending the PWM control signals to the motors to tune to the desired frequency The console would also contain the user interface to display information as well as receive user input Lastly the console would record music data from our guitar and write them to a USB mass storage device as a MIDI file The MIDI file will be assembled in the microcontroller using frequency data from the DSP chip and be transferred to the USB host controller for file writing b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework Digital design skills acquired through ECE 270 and ECE 362 were used repeatedly The project features two SPI buses PWM controlled motors audio to digital conversion and UART communications Analog design skills acquired in ECE 202 were used in the design of the audio amplifier and low pass filter Programming skills acquired and honed throughout the curriculum were used to structure the project s C source code The project also utilized significant knowledge of digital signal processing since both an FIR filter and FFT algorithm played a significant part in the frequency analysis portion of the project A 13 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 c Description of
18. online sources to generate lookup tables While we cited these completely and A 41 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Health amp Safety There are several portions of the circuit design that have very little protection against failure modes that would certainly have the potential to harm the end user Only a small amount of circuitry is dedicated to keeping the battery under control and there is no built in protection against pushing the battery beyond its capacity which might lead to an unstable and potentially explosive battery The remainder of the design does not produce any significant risk to the user except for the composition of the LCD screen A do not break warning label would most likely be appropriate to warn the user of the danger of damaging the electronics Political There is no way in which the Digi iGuide has any capacity to impact the political landscape in any region in the world Sustainability The Digi iGuide will for the most part operate in outdoor environments and be subject to adverse conditions The current design of the product is unable to weather any significant amount of inclement weather or rough handling and as a direct result the failure rate may be abnormally high Furthermore some critical circuitry has a MTTF of about 3 5 years which will also mandate a high replacement rate of this revision of the Digi iGuide The high failure risk circuitry might be broken out into a separate PCB t
19. or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The electricivic drive system is a motor drive intended for use in electric vehicles It includes a user interface sensor network and the power electronics necessary to drive a medium voltage three phase motor 380 Vrms 340 Arms The customer for this product would be any individual or automobile company wishing to convert a standard gas engine vehicle to an electric drive system The system s core component is an FPGA All power switches and feedback circuitry are directly interfaced to the FPGA so the drive may be reconfigured with software to drive any standard electric motor series and shunt DC brushless DC three phase induction or one of the most complex motors a synchronous three phase with brushless excited rotor field windings The interface is simple a keypad for options and an accelerator and brake pedal for driving control The output is power to the motor and user display information b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework This project used knowledge from a variety of previous courses since it included two microcontrollers an FPGA digital interfaces power electronics and standard circuit analysis during design of the inductor power filter bank and feedback circuitry
20. safe fashion Complete specification and CAD layout of the packaging represents one of the project design components Not involve a significant amount of physical construction The primary objective of the project is to learn more about digital system design not mechanical engineering Therefore most of the design work for this project should involve digital hardware and software ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Project Proposal Each group should submit a proposal outlining their design project idea This proposal should not be wordy or lengthy It should include your design objectives design functionality overview and project success criteria The five success criteria common to all projects include the following Create a bill of materials and order sample all parts needed for the design Develop a complete accurate readable schematic of the design Complete a layout and etch a printed circuit board Populate and debug the design on a custom printed circuit board Package the finished product and demonstrate its functionality In addition to the success criteria listed above a set of five significant project specific success criteria should be specified The degree to which these success criteria are achieved will constitute one component of your team s grade Forms for the preliminary and final versions of your team s project proposal are available on the course web site Use these skeleton files to create your own prop
21. such as a PC or an embedded device Complete Design and use of a custom printed circuit board Complete Neat packaging Complete A 43 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 12 Project Title FlySpy Senior Design Students Team Composition Wa K i Utilized in Project Graduation Date Jeremy Tillman Software May 2009 William Ehlhardt Hardware Software May 2009 Heather Barrett Hardware May 2009 Daeho Hong Peripherals and May 2009 packaging Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The FlySpy UAV project is an off the shelf RC aircraft modified to autonomously fly to GPS waypoints and take photographs The user has the ability to switch between manual and autonomous control with a switch on a standard RC aircraft transmitter FlySpy utilizes an accelerometer gyroscope and barometer for flight stabilization a GPS receiver with active antenna for navigation a 7 4V 2500 mAh LiPo battery for power and three servos and a motor for control surface manipulation and propulsion A standard digital camera is used to take photographs flight d
22. the PIC32 via SPI bus the PIC32 sends the image information for the path back to the display controller b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework This project drew upon the knowledge and skills we acquired in nearly every previous ECE course at Purdue Early in the project as we were selecting parts we had to factor in issues of supply voltage logic families and fan in fan out that we first learned in ECE 270 A 39 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Throughout the entire project we relied heavily on the knowledge and experience we first gained from working with micro controllers in ECE 362 As we designed the schematic and considered the need for pull up resistors and bypass caps we utilized skills learned in ECE 201 and 202 During the PCB layout portion of the project we were forced to address the need to eliminate ground loops and minimize vulnerability to external electromagnetic interference a principle taught in ECE 311 Our micro controller firmware code was written entirely in C which drew heavily on the skills we learned in ECE 264 We implemented a shortest path algorithm and used data structures that we were taught in ECE 368 We used numerous software tools throughout the project and relied heavily on the use of Python scripts which we first encountered in ECE 364 to generate large lookup tables and transmit information from the PC to the micro controlle
23. to make it easier for a person to see the rotation of the motors and avoid any harm Also the addition of protective covers around the rotors would also lessen injury from the blades The batteries used are Lithium Polymer a very light weight but unstable form of battery They exhibit dangerous reactions when over charged and can cause serious harm if this occurs Social Because of the dangerous nature of the design the craft does pose a threat as a weapon that can be used remotely by an individual with intent to harm The possible use in this form is hard to stop beyond keeping the craft itself as safe as possible and the safety measures being untamperable i e protective shielding around the motors being unremovable Political Because of the natural danger with flying aircraft the government keeps strict guidelines as to where such devices may be operated The use of this product outside of these areas is at risk of lawful punishment by the local government Any use for malicious actions against other individuals would also be at risk of lawful punishment Sustainability The design is fairly sustainable due to its isolated system The major issues are in the degradation of the motors and sensors over time The batteries can be easily replaced if they begin to die and do not pose any immediate impact on the design beyond acting as the power supply The replacement of the motors motor controllers or batteries is simple and just requires plu
24. unwind after a long day and just have fun with friends The escapism allowed in video games has become likened to that of reading books and watching movies maybe more so because of the actual interaction required to reach the conclusion of the game Finally our approach to design was to use our Hammer module with embedded Linux as the backbone allow it to control all peripherals itself and run the games using standard c libraries and code b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The Legacy Console required many of the skills from our ECE coursework The most important class was ECE 362 Microprocessor Systems and Interfacing This course gave us the knowledge required to interface with the peripherals we used when designing the Legacy Console With our ECE 362 we would have had no idea how to interface with a UART SPI or even a GPIO It also gave us a foundation of knowledge in reading A 25 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 datasheets and selecting parts The mini project at the end of ECE 362 game me experience in soldering that was vital to the success of the Legacy Console ECE 201 Linear Circuit Analysis was essential in making sure the circuits on our PCB were correct We also drew upon knowledge we gain in ECE 201 when we designed the circuit for the custom controller Finally ECE 264 Advanced C Programming made the Legacy Console possible All the code that our s
25. 009 Design Project Specifications Requirements Work on the design project is to be completed in teams of four students The design project topic is flexible and each group is encouraged to pick a product that uses the strengths and interest areas of their group members The design must have the following components Microprocessor To help make the project tractable microprocessor choices will be limited to 68HC12 PIC Rabbit and Atmel variants Development tools are readily available in lab to support these devices Further the devices themselves are relatively low cost and readily available Interface to Something Your embedded system must interface to some other device or devices It could be a computer or it could be some embedded device such as a Palm Pilot telephone line TV etc Some interface standards that could be used are serial to a computer parallel to a computer Universal Serial Bus USB Firewire Ethernet Infrared IR Radio Frequency RF etc This requirement has a large amount of freedom To help with some of the more complex interfaces such as Ethernet USB or Firewire there are dedicated chips which encapsulate the lowest layers of the interface This makes using these interfaces easier to handle but not necessarily trivial Be sure to investigate the interface s you wish to utilize and make a reasonable choice NOTE Interfaces involving A C line current require special permission see the instructor for
26. A lot of basic circuit knowledge that was gained in ECE201 was used in the design of the power supplies ECE270 factored in heavily when trying to integrate other ICs Maximum current draw fan out pull up resistors timing constraints all of these skills were learned in A 17 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 ECE270 and applied to the project ECE362 was the course that was referenced the most The knowledge learned in ECE362 about microcontrollers and how their supporting modules work was critical to the success of the project Towards the end of the project knowledge gained in Data Structures was valuable as we attempted to create efficient data structures for the acceleration data on both the pen and base station Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The team was able to gain two important skills while designing the Magic Wand power supply design and basic PCB layout techniques The Magic Wand consists of two separate devices operating off of different power sources Having the two devices allowed everyone to see multiple ways to create a proper power supply The team had the ability to learn how to implement multiple power sources on a single board monitor battery life charge a battery and provided multiple voltages to different components on a PCB Another learning opportunity was the PCB design process This was the first opportunity for most of the team to have for
27. Senior Design Report for ECE 477 Spring 2009 submitted by Prof David G Meyer May 26 2009 PURDUE UNIVERSITY School of Electrical amp Computer Engineering ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Contents Co rse D SserIpti n Gd AE ENEE AEN Eege 1 ee WEE 1 Lecture Schedule Course Calendar oc ccascsueutvesunsewertopews meucenaeesencveteancteseseenseendee 2 Design Project Specifications Requirements 4 Design Project Mil stones E sl Course Outcomes and Assessment Procedures a rssssssssssssssaa 6 Cote Grade Determinatio EE 7 Cours Assessment Report EE 8 Appendix A Senior Design Reports ii ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Course Description Digital Systems Senior Design Project ECE 477 is a structured approach to the development and integration of embedded microcontroller hardware and software that provides senior level students with significant design experience applying microcontrollers to a wide range of embedded systems e g instrumentation process control telecommunications intelligent devices etc The primary objective is to provide practical experience developing integrated hardware and software for embedded microcontroller systems in an environment that models one which students will most likely encounter in industry One of the unique features of this course is that each team gets to choos
28. We spent a great deal of time analyzing our schematic and layout to make sure that our design was feasible and could be implemented in the space required When we had our design in place we began synthesizing the physical portions including the IC chips and discrete components along with the software that we had begun to write and test Even well written software modules require a significant amount of debugging in order to interface Constructing the design inevitably brings design flaws to the surface When this happened in our project we were forced to make design decisions whether to sacrifice to the time to go back and redo our work or whether the time was too valuable Throughout the process we were forced to continually return to the objectives we had set at the start of the course to re evaluate whether we needed to go back and re analyze an issue or press forward with the solution we had in place and fix the bugs in a more direct manner As is always the case we had much less time to test than we would have preferred however throughout the project we built inherent tests into the work we were doing so that we knew we were building a foundation on which our project could stand Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Econo
29. al SD memory card loaded by the user b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework Developing the FLACtrac was the culmination of our studies in Electrical amp Computer Engineering The hardware aspect of the device built up on previous small scale experience in ECE 270 and ECE 362 as well as reinforcing basic EE principles from ECE 201 202 and 255 Software development occurred entirely in the C programming language and thus built upon CS 156 158 and ECE 264 c Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project Through completing our senior design project we gained invaluable skills more so than any other class we have taken so far in ECE at Purdue Greg substantially increased his skills at soldering and assembling circuit boards with very small surface mount components None of us had any experience with PCB design so this was an eye opening experience The issues we encountered were sometimes frustrating but they are valuable as a lesson on what to look out for on projects in the future d Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation A 33 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 The engineerin
30. al lab notebook BR Outcome 3 project specific success criteria RB Outcome 4 professional component report 10 0 Outcome 5 technical communication skills 00 Spr 03 Fall 03 Spr 04 Fall 04 Spr 05 Fall 05 Spr 06 Fal 06 Spr 07 Fal 07 Spr 08 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Appendix A Senior Design Reports ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 1 Project Title Jukebox Heroes Digital Jukebox Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Laura Kassovic Hardware May 2009 Matt Baker Hardware Software May 2009 Jason Eaton Software May 2009 Corey Zahner Software May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more pages technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The coffee shop jukebox is a digital jukebox which allows users to vote on the music they hear while enjoying their coffee Each caf patron may submit a vote via a local touch screen or via Ethernet The device enables the coffee shop retailer to input a variety of songs on the jukebox using the provided external flash
31. all and do not require multiple individuals to develop concurrently this project soanned numerous files the PIC32 firmware code alone spanned upwards of 20 files The only way four our team to complete the project successfully was to work concurrently and this gave us the opportunity to use version control and develop coding standards and habits that facilitated portability Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation We used the engineering design process throughout this project At the start of the semester we outlined our goals and criteria for success in a document that became our Project Specific Success Criteria PSSC This established our objectives for the semester and had a guiding influence on every piece of work we completed Once our goals were in place we spent countless meetings researching discussing number crunching and analyzing how we would implement our project We found that our A 40 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 project was constrained by its fast rates of communication large non volatile space requirements and physically small size Based on these constraints we chose a micro controller and peripherals that could meet these constraints in the most time efficient manner as possible
32. are used for demonstration of the communication was written in Python taught in ECE 364 The handling of data uses Boolean logical statements utilizing lessons taught in ECE 270 and ECE 369 The timing analysis used to correctly streamline the software to work with all of the peripherals simultaneously was also taught in ECE 368 ECE 270 and ECE 362 The PCB design gives protection for the microcontroller based around capacitors resistors and diodes The design of the PCB used skills taught in ECE 201 202 255 and 362 For the control system involved in stabilizing the quadrotor knowledge from ECE382 483 and 308 were used heavily This includes knowledge of digital filters and PID control algorithms Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The microcontroller used the dsPIC33 was new to the team and we required to become familiar with the IDE and compiler The large amount of peripherals to integrate together required some new efforts in the software design The concept of a quad rotor aircraft and how they are controlled was new to the team and how to properly tune the PID control system for a two axis system proved difficult Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing an
33. as pin out modules as it is easy to reproduce and solder Packaging was chosen as any sort of plastic container that can fit a 4 5 x5 1 rectangular PCB wood and metal packaging were not recommended for heat and electrical issues respectively Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project This project utilized many different disciplines First it utilized networking skills when we chose parts and tried to have them sampled Then it relied heavily on electrical engineering The PCB and all the circuitry had to be designed using electrical engineering principles The next discipline was software engineering All the game code had to be designed debugged and tested Finally the project utilized industrial design The product had to be packaged and presented in a fashion that would be appealing to consumers Description of project deliverables and their final status The project deliverables include one Legacy Console gaming system and one Legacy gaming controller The console is a black plastic box with connections for VGA audio and the controller The Legacy Console is currently unable to communicate using wifi but everything else is fully functional It has a library of two complete games and can be played on any VGA screen A 28 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisor
34. ata is logged on a microSD card and GPS coordinates are retrieved from the microSD card The intended customer is RC hobbyists The intent of the project was to develop an autopilot system that could be integrated into off the shelf RC aircraft b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The FlySpy project built especially upon skills acquired in ECE270 362 and C programming courses Knowledge acquired in 270 was uselul for circuit design and reading datasheets Knowledge of 362 was uselul in understanding functions of the microcontroller including SCI SPI PWM timer and other peripherals Knowledge of C Programming from freshman engineering courses and 264 was useful for the software design c Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project Some of the technical knowledge gained was the Proportional Integral Derivative Control Loop and how it is used to adjust controls to hold a desirable position how Inertial A 44 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Measurement Units are made and used to keep track of the orientation and position of a system and NMEA communication standards to send and receive information from GPS We also developed our proficiency in reading datasheets and evaluating components We learned how to design a PCB in OrCAD Layout Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated
35. ation ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 4 Project Title das Autot nr Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Utilized in Project Graduation Date Joe Blubaugh CompE DSP May 2009 Diana Mui PCB and MIDI code May 2009 David Sutherland Microcontroller code May 2009 Matthew Swallow Packaging May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach das Autot nr is an automatic guitar tuner and MIDI transcription device that will bring ease to musicians by providing an automatic means of tuning their instrument The device will have a variety of preset tunings as well as some user customizable tunings in order to quickly retune the guitar for different songs The MIDI transcription device also provides a means for musicians to record the music they play in a format used by many music transcription programs which would aid the songwriting process This project will have two major components the tuner and the console The tuner consists of six motors which are controlled by PWM signals The console would contain all
36. be placed in a convenient location for easy access In the case of the caf the device should be near the bar As such costumers will be drawn to the excitement of the jukebox upon purchase of refreshments The device was constructed to be lightweight cost efficient and with a sleek design that easily blends in the d cor A 1 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The project utilized several skills acquired throughout the years First and foremost the use of our acquired software knowledge was very necessary Classes that have taught us C programming proved extremely useful when writing the software For Jason especially graphics and Object Oriented Programming were great for GUI design The microprocessors and interfacing course made it relatively easy to interface all the modules of the PIC such as the SPI UART and DC It was also beneficial when handling the interrupts The final project integration required intensive interrupt knowledge Many modules such as the DC and the TCP IP stack had strict timing constraints Without the prior software knowledge dealing with such a significant task would have been difficult Some networks knowledge proved useful when working on the Ethernet and the IP TCP stack as well Additionally some analog skills were very beneficial to the PCB design such as proper values for the passive components
37. c vehicles have often been a source of debate because of their environmental effects While driving on the streets there is no pollution emitted and they create less noise than internal combustion engines The pollution and carbon dioxide emissions are relocated to the electrical generation facility Even though there is still carbon dioxide produced in this energy cycle restrictions on emissions are regulated to a higher degree at generation facilities than in vehicles The electrical storage medium on an electric vehicle is usually a battery bank due to the high cost of other technologies such as fuel cells These batteries can contain harmful elements such as lead cadmium and a variety of strong acids Responsible recycling programs for these batteries would be required A 6 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 9 Ethical The purpose of the product is to propel a vehicle There are no foreseeable uses or injurious effects of the product that could be unethical nothing in addition to accidents resulting from human error while driving Health amp Safety All high voltage or dangerous components are contained within a steel frame with Lexan sides Harmful incidents would only occur if the user disassembled the enclosure while it was powered Social The electricivic provides a more environmentally friendly way for people to travel between destinations as part of a daily commute Political Electric vehicles and clean technology se
38. ct deliverables and their final status The deliverables of this project can be considered to merely contain the PSSC outcomes However this project always looked beyond the end of the semester So while the project does successfully meet all 5 of the original PSSC deliverables it also is practical enough to be used in the real world The range power acceleration and general performance are more than adequate for street use The Moto eV is in its infancy as far as development is concerned A 49
39. d evaluation The early objects were based around a vague idea of a digitally controlled aircraft preferably a stable system such as a helicopter Due to the lack of desired form fixed pitch with plenty of lift the design turned to the quad rotor design Upon analysis of the design it was believed that we would be able to perform the goals of digitally controlled remote flight This required finding proper peripherals and designing a system that could utilize all of the peripherals and achieve the desired flight When the system was designed we were able to fabricate a PCB to connect all of the parts together and develop the software to properly control the system and communicate to the end user Once finished with the development we required cleaning and optimizing the system to be of better use to the end user rather than stay in a stagnant debugging state To achieve this we spent time evaluating options and design choices to utilize in the re worked design Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic The cost of production was relatively cheap for the hobbyist market The major cost lied in some of the selected sensors and the battery Some of the parts were sampled A 30 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 or so
40. d in doing the project One of the main technologies used in our project is the reed switch Nobody in our group had ever used a reed switch so a lot of testing was required to find out how sensitive they were Another unknown involving the reed switches was the orientation of the reed switch in regards to the magnet In the end we found the reed switch needed to be mounted vertically to work correctly with the magnet The other main skill that was learned was PCB design The first step in this process was to learn the general rules and regulations of laying traces After learning how to place traces it was up to us to read the documentation about PCB design for each part we were using After doing that research laying out the PCB itself was a trial and error process We learned that it takes several attempts to layout a PCB with all of your components while still using up as little space as possible Finally the most important skill we learned was how to integrate an entire project from start to finish Knowing how to conceptualize design debug and complete an entire project with a given deadline is a skill that will be useful to all of us as we enter the work force Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The fir
41. d we debugged the rest of our components and finally decided to purchase our packaging At the time of writing this we have finalized all our software and hardware designs but our microprocessor has decided to turn into a brick In retrospect we may have chosen to layout more of our project in a time line based fashion since using an interrupt driven engineering process tends to leave designing to the last minute believe overall our team is satisfied with our project considering our initial assumptions may have led us to make our project more difficult than we suspected Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic Economics are very important when designing a console because there is so much competition in the market The Legacy Console is no different and we tried to take that into account when deciding on parts With a 160 chip as its main system the Legacy Console is extraordinarily economical However it is well within the industry standard for video game consoles Environmental The Legacy Console had several environmental design constraints First it had to be designed so that disposal was not an issue This required us to come up witha plan to dispose of old consoles It also had to use as little electricit
42. deas needed to be solidified Work was made easier by electing to use Microchip for both microcontrollers and transceiver modules Work had already been done by Microchip to ensure their micros worked with the transceiver modules so more time could be devoted to the power supply design and other areas that required more analysis Once the block diagram and supporting circuit diagrams were created the next step was to fabricate a PCB that would function both theoretically and practically This was the first experience most of us had with a PCB design and required that we not only create a PCB that functions properly but also is designed for the end use in mind being used in a writing device This required a small thin form It was found that some selected parts were too large our power regulator and thus it was required to go back to the analysis phase to find A 18 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 more appropriate parts Once the PCB was designed successfully and ordered the next step was to go from synthesis to construction The construction phase was very integrated with the testing phase A few select parts would be placed on the PCB and then tested for correctness If the integration was not successful the team analyzed the defect and looked for solutions Only once all of a small section was correct would another module be added independently tested for correctness and then integrated into a previous working module which would aga
43. disciplinary nature of the project The FLACtrac incorporates both analog and digital electronic design techniques In addition the FLACtrac incorporated microcontroller design and programming skills Description of project deliverables and their final status The FLACtrac is constructed and meets 4 5 of the five Project Specific Success Criteria A 34 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 10 Project Title Not So Deep Blue Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Scott Shaw Hardware Low Level May 2009 Software PCB Design Packaging Matthew Sbai Hardware PCB May 2009 design Packaging High Level Software John Fawcett High Low Level May 2009 Software Hussain Vasi Hardware Software May 2009 integration Project Description Provide a brief two or more pages technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach Not So Deep Blue is targeted at the beginning to intermediate chess player The user is not required to have a strong foundation into the possible moves in chess as Not So Deep Blue displays all possible moves when a pi
44. e yeaig Buuds SL JEW 6002 BuLids malaay wexg LZ idy LL 33 D CHE L suonglu s lq jeul4 10 d lq tl idy LL 33 02 2 0 1 du auga SL ainpoyy Lidy LL 33 02 2 0 1 leuy alpen PL SINpoyy LE JEN LL 33 0Z 08 L qeq wad EL ainpoyy pe JEW yeaig Buuds Li sey LL 33 02 2 0 1 saq aemyos CL aiNpoyy DL JEW uonenjeag yOoqaion ge DE JEN ang uonenjeag 133d wu pIN EZ JEN anq Sange ubiseg pue node7 god Amguuaid g 984 ang anngUEM uBis q pue EICHER Amguueid oz 484 ang ubiseg Buibexoeg EL 994 ang sisdjeuy qulesjsuog ubisaq 9 984 ng esodoig eug eg uer ang jesodoig Ayeuiwijaid gi uer YVON3IT1V9 3S4nOOo G yaey UO painpayos Ayenpiaipul smainay ubisag uo LL 33 0 2 0 1 sanay uBisag 10 daig J pjos wassy DL anpor spus 200 8 anpor S 983 kt 33 OZ Z 0E L Ia dng mog 9 ajnpoyy 6 uer LL 33 0 C 0 1 Aaruns on P InpolN gg uef 4h 33 02 2 0 1 uBisag jeubiq ajnpoyy qIalorg Gah sowas suas qobi YELL HAAG D LOELL saq dng mod 9 ajnpoyy gg ue FELL NMG OZ L OE LL 1 doiqmpoq L ainpoyy LL 33 OZ Z 0E L B6ui66nq q LL InpolN L 984 LL 33 0Z Z 08 L ubiseg god 6 ainpoyy uonenjeng 3ooq loN qeq jas dup sseq 2 npolN 02 2 0 1 dn s amp s quia S ajnpoyy iz Ur D CHE L Buibeyor qd 3INPON D CDCL uononponu asinoy wee ZA 393 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2
45. e completed by employing digital design knowledge After a few design iterations the final concept was drafted This included using two discrete processing units one for frequency calculations and one for system control as well as using a prefabricated discrete USB controller module for the mass storage device communications During the synthesis phase microcontroller code was written the PCB was laid out and the supporting hardware was chosen and integrated into the device schematic Soon to follow was the construction of the device which meant soldering all the components to the PCB and machining the motor bracket assembly Once das Autotunr was fully assembled testing of the interaction between components was the focus of the team Each issue that arose was debugged and resolved by the team members whose primary focus the problem was involved with This procedure ensured the fastest and most efficient time to resolution of any debug issue After testing and debug was complete the only remaining task was to evaluate the extent that design met the team s initial design objectives In the end the device was able to meet all of the design objectives and was able to both successfully tune a guitar and write a MIDI file to a mass storage device Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political s
46. e of the integration could have happened Having such a wealth of knowledge allowed us to multi task rather than waiting around for one portion of the project to be completed For example one person would layout the PCB while another tested touch sensors while another wrote DC and SPI libraries and another wrote the upper level game logic This allowed us to efficiently complete our project leaving us plenty of time for debugging A 37 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 g Description of project deliverables and their final status Not So Deep Blue has met all five of its success criteria and is in a demo ready state There are still a few software bugs that need to be worked out to create seamless game play however an entire game can be played with little to no failure A 38 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 11 Project Title Digi iGuide Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Greg Ross Hardware Software May 2009 Aaron Stacy Software May 2009 Felix Tanjono Software Tools May 2009 Kanchi Daiya Communications May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design proj
47. e their own specific project subject to some general constraints and define specific success criteria germane to that project In general this approach to senior design provides students with a sense of project ownership as well as heightened motivation to achieve functionality Course web site https engineering purdue edu ece477 Course Staff Name Title Role E mail Address Prof David Meyer Faculty Project Advisor meyer purdue edu Dr Mark Johnson Faculty Project Advisor mc johnso purdue edu Karl Herb Teaching Assistant Project Consultant kherb purdue edu Mike Sorenson Teaching Assistant Project Consultant mesorens purdue edu 5 26 2009 Senior Design Report ECE 477 Lecture Schedule Course Calendar Wd 00 S 19 p e anp pod y u6is q iolu S pue ag POd Y jeuly TENUL Jaen Maan ad Ie u puJuoO GO AIu91V uonenieA3 Yooga ON QET Eu Wd 00 21 WY 00 8 9 e Aepsaupayy aq Uu uoIssag UoNeyasalg Eu jenueyy J sn F id ang sisAjeuy pedwj o1 rAu3 pue TE dp idy ang siskjeuy Ajajyes pue Auen DL Ae ang sisAjeuy Auger uad EG ang aajeueNy uBisag BIEMYOS iz se yeag Buuds ic JEW LL 33 0Z Z 08 L duj Au3 u13 CL ainpoyy Side LL 33 DC CHE L euy alpen FL aiNpoyy zidy LL 33 0ZZ 0E L qen Waed L ainpoyy 9 JE yeaig Buuds DL D LDELL wexg quy joig 9 usaq PGLLNAOO OZ L OE LL dwj auga D LDELL Mayes 9 j
48. e to initiate the firing of the loaded ferromagnetic projectile and one to safely discharge the capacitor bank to allow for proper and safe shutdown of the device Also included is an LCD display to relay the charge status of both 9V batteries the charge status of all three capacitors and the velocity of the projectile after the coil gun has been fired To operate the coil gun requires two 9V batteries and ammunition The inner diameter of the barrel used allows for projectile of 18 inches 4 572mm or less to be used as ammunition Currently the optimal projectile to use is either an 8 D finishing nail or 177 caliber BBs The purpose of the Electric Musket is to explore electromagnetism as a powder less method of propelling ferromagnetic projectiles With advances to the design the purpose of the coil gun can be ported over to other uses that require projectiles traveling at high velocities The ideal customers for the current version of the Electric Musket are hobbyists However with advances in the design of the hardware and software leading to the increased the velocity and size of projectiles practical application can be expanded for possible military use Other practical applications can be used ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The basic concept that this project built upon was first introduced in the physics compon
49. ece is lifted It is meant to allow chess players with little to no knowledge of the legal moves to be able to play a game of chess In this project we used an ATMega128 microcontroller that interfaces with several LED drivers touch sensors and reed switches via shift registers The theory behind Not So Deep Blue is that each square contains its own reed switch This reed switch will detect a piece in the presence of a magnet These magnets are mounted into each of the 32 chess pieces The microcontroller was interfaced through SPI to be able to communicate with the reed switches I2C to communicate with the LED drivers and GPIO pins to communicate with the touch sensors b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The courses that lent themselves as the most useful were without a doubt ECE 270 and ECE 362 The information contained within these courses such as low level logic embedded systems design and general microcontroller programming helped with the initial design and debugging throughout the project The other class that was of use was ECE 264 Advanced C programming Not only did this class familiarize us with C programming A 35 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 but it also introduced us to advanced programming techniques which allowed us to write a more organized efficient program Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquire
50. ect as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach Our design project was a hand held personal navigation device and tour guide for Purdue much like a Garmin or TomTom but designed specifically for campus Aside from just displaying a map of Purdue and the quickest walking path to the user s destination the device also displayed points of interest making it perfect for visitors prospective students and even new students The purpose of the device is not only to provide the user with directions to any destination on campus but also to acquaint the user with Purdue and showcase what the university has to offer The device is small enough to carry easily 3 5 x 2 5 x 2 and runs ona rechargeable lithium ion battery that provides up to three hours of power At the heart of the device is a Microchip PIC32 micro controller The touch screen display is an all in one solution by 4D Systems that communicates to the PIC32 serially The device uses a GlobalSat EM 406a GPS module to determine its current location which is also communicated serially to the main micro controller When the user enters a new destination via the touch screen the display sends the request to the PIC32 The PIC32 then looks up the shortest path to the destination in a large lookup table stored in external flash chips Once these flash chips send the shortest path information back to
51. ed by environmentally friendly chemistry Some components are ROHS compliant Ethical We cannot ensure that our project will only be used for ethical purposes Health amp Safety We designed a manual override feature to help prevent loss of control scenarios Political We cannot ensure that users will comply with FAA regulations Manufacturability Our PCB consists of mostly surface mount components which would be easy to place The connectors are fairly simple in nature The user would be responsible for assembly of the plane and placing the autopilot system into the plane Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project Although the project did not require interaction with engineers in other disciplines the project did require us to work with RC hobbyists These individuals were knowledgeable about building and flying RC aircraft and were responsible for piloting FlySpy during all manual testing Description of project deliverables and their final status The FlySpy hardware is completely functional only fine tuning of the control algorithms is necessary for fulfillment of all PSSCs A 45 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 13 Project Title Moto eV Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s
52. elerometer to acquire acceleration data from normal handwriting analyze the data and display a symbol that closely resembles the character written by the user The product consists of two devices a stylus to obtain the acceleration data and transmit it to a base station which analyzes the data and displays the most similar character There currently exists commercial products that use small infrared cameras with special paper to detect characters but no product has entered the market that allows the versatility of being used on any surface The Magic Wand looks to fill the gap between camera based handwriting devices and touch screen designs that use a stylus The Magic Wand hopes to offer as much functionality as these competing devices which the added bonus of having a lower cost of ownership due to the limited amount of required supplies while also offering a wider array of useful applications The stylus operates off of two AA batteries batteries not included uses a small pressure sensitive tip to determine when hand writing is taking place and communicates wirelessly with the base station using the unlicensed 2 4GHz spectrum The base station uses the same transmission standard and is equipped with a multi line LCD power cord on off and reset buttons b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The project drew heavily upon the skills learned in ECE270 ECE362 and ECE201
53. em to be part of every political campaign This project is a positive example of such progress Manufacturability Since the housing of the drive unit is a car it is not necessary to be as compact as other digital devices The component arrangement on the PCBs is simple and easily accessible since there arent multiple layers of permanently connected daughterboards or other devices The final product will be enclosed in a steel frame so assembly beyond PCB component placement should not require delicate procedures Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project The electricivic is a fusion of engineering disciplines The digital component includes microcontrollers and an FPGA Software is needed to make a user friendly interface Power electronic and basic electrical theories are used to synthesize current waveforms that can be applied to the motor Motor theory is used to control the torque and speed of the motor There are purely mechanical aspects too The motor to transmission coupling will be pushing the limits of a sprocket belt drive at 12 000 RPM and 50 Ft lbs of torque Thermal analysis of the heat sink system is essential During peak power delivery more than 10kW will be dissipated by the IGBTs so an effective IGBT to radiator heat transfer is needed All of these systems must operate together to make the car performance safe and satisfactory to the user Description of project deliverables and their final status Abilit
54. ent of first year engineering The project used a magnetic field to accelerate an object More specifically it used knowledge gained in ECE 201 in that inductors stored energy as a magnetic field The project further used the skills gained in ECE 201 for good approximations of most individual circuit components It further used skills and knowledge acquired in ECE 255 about analog electronic circuitry specifically the switching properties of various transistors especially diodes and bipolar junction transistors Finally our design used many elements elements first learned in ECE 362 Internal microcontroller peripherals were used extensively and the intuition gained in designing digital and analog circuits built around a microcontroller was invaluable Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The technical knowledge and skills gained in doing the project was extensive Designing the project required a review in basic circuits and transistors and forced relearning all material forgotten from disuse Technical knowledge of the tools used in PCB design were learned specifically OrCAD Capture and Layout All team members who previously did not know how to solder learned to solder and finally in depth knowledge of microcontrollers was extended beyond one family In using the skills gained in ECE 362 and applying them to anew microcontroller those skills were generified and they can now be
55. eport 5 26 2009 our next component decision on how many interfaces we had left on our Hammer module and then the practicality of the component itself whether it would be too difficult to interface to or if we could find previous documentation on another project using the component Once we had selected all of our components we began to work on our schematic and PCB layout Our PCB layout was a trial and error based adventure which meant that we had no clue as to what to expect of the final product or how difficult it would be to solder The first revision of our PCB ended up too large and had incorrect component sizes on the board but gave us the chance to analyze our mistakes and reconstruct the board the second and final revision turned out to be much smaller During the time our PCB was undergoing changes we were developing software on our development board one component at a time Since USB was a simple kernel module we decided to leave that at the bottom of the list and work on our graphics device and controllers first Once we had decided that our graphics device was working and changed the controllers we moved onto developing wireless and audio Unfortunately during testing our wireless module stopped working and our audio DAC was found to not be compatible with an SPI interface We immediately switch gears and dropped our wireless module criteria and used a buzzer instead of an audio DAC When the final revision of the PCB arrive
56. es after the initial purchase Efforts were also made during the analysis to pick parts that had the highest possible ratings for the price LDO caps diodes Manufacturability One of the main manufacturing concerns came during the PCB design Attempts were made to not locate two different parts too close to each other so that mounting them could be difficult When designing the power supply section of each PCB conscious effort was made to allow for space between the LDO caps diodes and inductor Insufficient space would make manufacturing the device difficult If this product were to be massed produced different design techniques would be utilized since smaller parts could be used since an individual would not be hand soldering the parts in place This would allow for a smaller PCB and less obtrusive parts Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project The Magic Wand is a highly ECE based design with little overlap to other disciplines The main algorithm used to detect characters was designed by the team Other algorithms were studied but due to time constraints they could not be implemented due to their complexities The packaging of the final product borrows little if anything from other disciplines No complex machining was needed moveable parts were not required The only moving parts are a push button and a small shelf that can be removed from the stylus to change the batteries Outside of ECE skills the major skil
57. g design process was at the heart of our entire senior design project From the very beginning we established our Project Specific Success Criteria PSSCs which provided a framework for which to determine the requirements for a successful implementation During the first half of the semester we looked at these requirements and available hardware to determine an appropriate solution to the requirements We then designed a solution with the hardware we selected and after spring break constructed the device After construction was complete we continued software development and continued the cycle of testing and evaluating the device performance while tweaking the software During this period we were also able to identify hardware changes that could be made in the future to improve the performance of the device Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic Designing a device which was cost effective was a core focus of our project Our goal was to design the FLACtrac for a price point of 100 in order to compete with existing digital audio players on the market The cost of our prototype was 161 05 but with bulk pricing on components for a run of 100 devices our component price could be decreased to 85 46 Assuming the productio
58. gging in a new device to replace the broken form The code when finished should be stable and reliable and not require any maintenance Manufacturability The device itself would show fair manufacturing form The PCB is a very simple design and should pose no real challenge to automated population The parts used were openly available and easy to connect with The only issue would be modification of the software to incorporate a dynamic detection and identification system for the wireless communication as it is now it is explicitly set to connect to a specific static IP A 31 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 f Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project Using the concepts of a quad rotor aircraft that required a self balancing system to aid in the flight allowed us to incorporate concepts from aeronautical design and control systems The fabrication of the frame from parts and properly mounting and aligning the motors required knowledge of mechanical design and the physics of lift and balance Description of project deliverables and their final status The final project is a quad rotor aircraft capable of some balance using two axes the tuning the PID could not be completed so it is not advised to use the current design The PID tuning could probably be achieved through a longer amount of time using experimental changing of the various coefficients The communication to and from the craft works properly thoug
59. grades are assigned the course instructor will carefully examine all borderline cases i e NWP within 0 5 of cutoff Once grades are assigned they are FINAL and WILL NOT be changed Note that all course outcomes must be demonstrated in order to receive a passing grade for the course ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Course Assessment Report Course ECE 477 Submitted by D G Meyer Term Spring 2009 Course PIC D G Meyer 1 Did all students who received a passing grade demonstrate achievement of each course outcome If not why not and what actions do you recommend to remedy this problem in future offerings of this course Attach additional sheets as necessary Yes a How many course outcomes are there for this course 5 b On a scale from 0 4 0 not at all 1 marginal 2 adequate 3 good 4 very good please rate on average the overall degree to which the students in this course achieved each of the course outcomes details on reverse side outcomes outcomes outcomes outcome 3 outcome Outcomes Outcome t0 ucome 4 outcomes omeome7 Oueone st ucone 5 ouconen outsones oueone ucone 6 2 Are the course outcomes appropriate If not explain Attach additional sheets as necessary Yes they are the standard senior design outcomes 3 Are the students adequately prepared for this course and are the course prerequisites and corequisites a
60. gurations on the brackets The motor assembly connects to the user console box by a long cable The user console box has an LCD microphone input four pushbuttons two bi color LED indicators stereo phono jack input and a USB input The LCD displays the menu as well as tuning and transcription status The microphone input is used when the stereo phono jack is unplugged such as in the case of acoustic guitars The stereo phono jack input allows for direct plug in with electric guitars The USB input is for the mass storage device when MIDI files are written during transcription mode ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 5 Project Title The Magic Wand Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Zac Greenawalt Task Master Dec 2009 David Wilkinson Analog Design May 2009 Madalina Vintila Software Design Dec 2009 Michelle Zhang PCB Design May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The Magic Wand is a hand writing recognition device that uses a 3 axis acc
61. h there is instability in the packets received by the craft Efforts at incorporating checking bytes and headers and tails to the packets gave some gain in reliability though the final result is still not fully satisfactory The battery monitoring of both the 11V and 7 4V batteries to warn the user of the voltage of either dropping below a cut off threshold is complete and produces a loud and annoying buzzing sound There is a Python based software client to connect to the craft and use a USB based controller to control the craft A 32 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 9 Project Title FLACtrac Digital Audio Player Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected Utilized in Project Graduation Date Greg McCoy Hardware December 2009 Brett Mravec Software May 2009 Isaac Jones Software May 2009 Danielle Miller Software May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The FLACtrac is a targeted as a portable battery operated consumer device Its purpose is to play FLAC audio files from an SecureDigit
62. hat a technician could replace on demand and the circuits could be redesigned to use higher reliability components Ultimately the case will have to be hardened for outdoor environments as well which may impact the GPS functionality of the Digi iGuide Manufacturability Even the prototype Digi iGuide was designed with manufacturability in mind The product uses a single small PCB that could easily be built using current reflow mass production techniques All the connectors and headers are uniquely designed according to their function which allows for quick hand assembly The LCD screen is an all in one unit that quickly fastens to the outer casing The only problem is the placement of the GPS and battery components on the bottom side of the Digi iGuide box These are currently floating at the bottom of the box which can best be solved by using a custom case with compartments to hold each component With this small revision the entire design will be manufacturing friendly Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project Electrical Computer and Software engineers were needed for the success of this project The hardware component selection and circuit design as well as the PCB layout and the optimization of the circuits to ensure reliability requires the skills of a knowledgeable Electrical Engineer Computer engineers are needed to focus on embedded systems code and low level interfacing between the various subsyste
63. he following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation We began the planning stages by discussing what our project would be and what our objectives would be Then we quickly drew a sort of road map or time line that would define goals to be achieved by certain dates We then formally declared our objectives and criteria as PSSCs We continued by analyzing what components we would need based on price support and ease of use We continued by developing a schematic and PCB layout based on the data sheet of the chosen components Once our PCB was fabricated we soldered the parts on the board and began writing the software During the software phase packaging was constructed using a solid plastic case The casing was perforated in the appropriate places so the project could be embedded into the proper package with a few simple screws The software was carefully divided into equal parts based on each group member s strength and preference Once each piece was written and formally proven to work by the class TA the code was integrated into a single entity With rigorous testing on A 2 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 the final software the device was functional Evaluation of our success was determined by our peers TAs and assessed by our teachers at an end of year presentation Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated in
64. hnical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The team learned a great deal about implementing a design in actual hardware Going from the computer to the PCB is not as easy as it would first appear One aspect in particular that the team had to deal with was the excessive amount of electrical noise An electric motor and relatively high switching frequencies both contributed to noise issues on our PCB traces A lot of capacitors were added to the board as well as a few resistors A 46 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 General troubleshooting and diagnosis skills were also further developed over the semester The team had several issues with hardware We used simple techniques to diagnose the issues For example by eliminating all variables except for one helps dismiss certain possible issues Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The first step in our project was to establish the project objectives and budget The project s focus was to create a bike which would be used for commuting These requirements dictate certain speed range acceleration weight and cost restrictions The bike needed to be cheap enough for the team to afford yet be a fully functional road worthy vehicle
65. ic PCB Design Narrative Preliminary PCB Layout PCB Submission Final Schematic and Parts Acquisition Fit Peer Review Midterm Software Design Narrative and Documentation 10 Patent Liability Analysis 11 Reliability and Safety Analysis 12 Ethical Environmental Impact Analysis 13 User Manual 14 Peer Review Final 15 Senior Design Report 16 Final Report amp Archive CD 17 Poster oo NDO UMN Grade Determination Your course grade will be based on team effort and your contributions TEAM COMPONENTS 40 of total INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 60 of tot distribution of team component distribution of individual component Significance of Individual Contribution Final PCB Schematic and Parts Fit Design and Professional Attribute Exam System Integration and Packaging Class Participation Clicker Exercises User Manual Peer Evaluations of Presentations 2 Senior Design Report Confidential Peer Reviews 2 Poster Your Raw Weighted Percentage RWP will be calculated based on the weights above and then curved i e mean shifted with respect to the upper percentile of the class to obtain a Normalized Weighted Percentage NWP Equal width cutoffs will then be applied based on the Windowed Standard Deviation WSD of the raw class scores the minimum Cutoff Width Factor CWF used will be 10 i e the nominal cutoffs for A B C D will be 90 80 70 60 respectively Before final
66. ilestone Formulate project ideas l Preliminary project proposal due 2 Research parts create initial block diagram and initial BOM Final project proposal due 3 Order sample parts review learn OrCad Capture and Layout 4 Create detailed BOM including resistors capacitors etc 5 Draw preliminary schematic Prototype interface circuits Finalize schematic 6 Begin PCB layout Begin prototyping software with EVB prototype Finalize PCB layout for Design Review 7 Continue software development Prepare for Design Review Continue software development DESIGN REVIEWS Incorporate changes comments from Design Review 9 Proof of Parts due Final schematic due PCB file submission due 10 Continue software development on EVB 11 PCBs arrive begin populating testing Test PCB section by section as parts are added porting software as you go add 11 15 functions one by one so you know what it was that broke your code or your board when things stop working PSSC Demos Prepare for Final Presentation Finals FINAL PRESENTATIONS 16 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Course Outcomes and Assessment Procedures In order to successfully fulfill the course requirements and receive a passing grade each student is expected to demonstrate the following outcomes i an ability to apply knowledge obtained in earlier coursework and to obtain new knowledge necessary t
67. in be tested This process was very slow and tedious but if not performed well would be even more difficult to deal with as the project progressed The LCD screen is a good example of this process An analog circuit was constructed to ensure that the LCD performed basic functions once it was found to work correctly its support hardware headers power lines were added to the PCB and Ohmed out to ensure no shorts existed The LCD was then interfaced with the micro which had already gone through testing and was tested again Drivers were then written to use the LCD screen independently of the main program The software was then tested and integrated with already functional code This summarizes the approach that was taking The construction and testing phase lasted right up until the completion of the project As was the rule in the hardware assembly the software assembling followed the same guidelines create a small module and test thoroughly for example a fuel gauge interrupt ensure it worked as needed integrate it with another working module a timer interrupt and make sure the two worked as needed and continue the process of building testing integrating and testing again The final stage of evaluation was also tied in very closely with the construction and testing phase Once the Magic Wand reached a point of simple functionality it could read transmit and store data from the stylus to the base station it was evaluated to ensure tha
68. into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The first week entailed establishment of objectives and criteria We outlined the intended functions of the project The next first four five weeks entailed iterative analysis and synthesis We selected sensors a microcontroller and various peripherals based on intended functionality We selected a step down converter based on analysis of our power needs and interfaces such as the level translator chip based on analysis of selected components and needs The next few weeks were comprised of continued synthesis as we developed a schematic and PCB layout still performing some analysis and swapping parts or modifying designs along the way After spring break we constructed the PCB and modified the packaging to house it and the camera We also developed the software The last few weeks consisted of testing and changes to the software design Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic We acquired many free samples in order to trim costs on the project Environmental Sustainability We used a lithium polymer battery which is characteriz
69. l box with an easy to read display and three large pushbuttons A 9V power supply is need as well as an auxiliary cable to connect ALF to an audio source and of course speakers or headphones speakers preferred There are currently no known bugs in the user interface but certainly more testing would need to be done to check its robustness All of the revised success criteria were met however two important intended criteria were not met currently ALF has no capability to compress or decode audio For future revisions this would be a priority as not much uncompressed audio can be stored in 4 MB of SDRAM Currently the PCB is complete but with 3 flywires that would be fixed for a final revision The packaging design is finished though it could likely be reduced in size in future revisions More effects could also be added in the future such as high frequency filters or reverb and of course this would lead to a necessary update in the user interface Also currently ALF is unable to modify stored audio but would be a capability that could certainly be added in the future A 24 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Spring 2009 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 7 Project Title Legacy Game Console Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Expected
70. ld at discounted prices to us due to our student status This kept the cost down to an affordable amount per user Environmental The craft itself uses electric motors so they themselves do not cause any pollution but the means of charging the batteries may draw from non green energy forms such a coal Another major environmental concern is the disposal of the product since it contains many non biodegradable components and heavy metals This can all be minimized by encouraging proper recycling and offering support programs to ensure that this happens Additionally portions of the project were designed to minimize the environmental impact of the project such as monitoring battery status to ensure optimum usage for maximum battery life Ethical The craft is very dangerous and could be used for harming others because of its remote control The use of the craft is limited by federal law from flying in largely populated areas outside of specified flight areas for other RC crafts This would legally keep the craft from harming others safety designs for the motors would also be included to keep the danger to others to a minimum Health amp Safety Because of the inherent danger in a free moving aircraft there is an obvious form of safety risk Along with the high RPM motors running on the outer edges of the craft it is highly warned not to approach the craft when the motors are armed and or running To counter the safety risks the tips were whited
71. ls required were verbal and writing skills A significant amount of paperwork and presentations accompanied this product and required that the individual be skilled in both the written and spoken language along with proper techniques It should not be interrupted that the presenting and writing were for moot as it is a crucial skill for engineers to be able to communicate their ideas effectively and defend their design decisions in clear and well constructed ways A 20 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 g Description of project deliverables and their final status The most important deliverable the Magic Wand is made up of two pieces There is the stylus which is used for handwriting and the base station that analyzes the stylus data and displays the written characters Both of these pieces are completed The stylus is capable of running for a few hours off of a single charge of the batteries and the base station can run indifferently since it is not run off of batteries Both devices work as they are suppose to The stylus communicates with the base station transmitting battery information and hand writing acceleration data The base station properly displays the battery status of the stylus if the two devices are talking or not and the will display a character if one is written properly or a question mark if the user makes an unknown character In summary all parts are working as desired and there are no noticeable defects A 21
72. ly matched what could be done in the remaining time Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic The project had a requirement from the sponsor Southwest Research Institute to stay under 1000 so the design was made as inexpensive as possible without compromising quality Also the printed circuit board for the device was a four layer board and cost constraints limited four layer boards to 30 square inches A 23 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Environmental There were few environmental concerns with the project The largest concerns would be addressed in the user manual which would include instructions for properly disposing of and recycling the PCB LCD and plastic enclosure Ethical The ethical concerns that surround the project include citing code sources providing bug free code for the end product and ensuring the device does not injure the user A reliability and safety analysis was done to find the possible faults in the design and safety warnings would be included in the user manual or displayed on the device Health amp Safety The main concerns with health and safety of the user were addressed in the user manual Some of the concerns dealt with the LCD breaking and opening up or tampering with
73. mal experience with a PCB and learn some best practices that come with laying out a PCB This process gave everyone the chance to gain an appreciation for the design process and witness the importance of proper planning when setting out to do PCB design Everyone found that making sure you have selected the proper parts before starting your layout can ease the process as well as double and triple checking the schematics to make sure one does not leave out any small but important parts like pull up resistors Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation In order to create a successful product the team created 5 PSSCs that allowed for design flexibility while also ensuring that the team was kept on track and constantly looking forward to the next objective The five PSSCS that were created followed a structured approach so that there was a clear path of progression however the PSSCs also yielded the ability to be worked on independently Once the PSSCs were established and objectives were defined the next step was to create a block diagram showing the required hardware modules that would need to be created This step required lots of analysis Data sheets needed to be read and understood concepts needed to be comprehended and i
74. mic Our design was economically constrained in several ways Since we could only have a very small LCD screen we had to make allowances for a very small user interface which takes more effort than a large interface We were also limited during development by how many spare parts we had to use and test By the end we of course only had one working prototype so we were unable to parallelize our work effort and were forced to take more time Environmental As mentioned in previous documents there is very little consideration given to the environmental impact of this project The current PCB manufacturing technology uses hazardous materials leaded solder was used mercury or other hazardous chemicals are contained in the LCD screen and the battery uses highly toxic chemical components that will probably not be properly disposed of by the end user These issues could best be addressed by improving upon the manufacturing process and using ROHS compliant standards when selecting revisions of parts but the end user will ultimately be responsible for disposing of the battery A recycling program or other incentive program might be recommended to best combat the environmental impact of this product Ethical If we were to take our product to market we would face a significant possibility of patent infringement There are quite a few products on the market that use GPS to display a path to a destination via LCD touch screen We also used code examples from
75. more readily applied to microcontrollers of any family Furthermore knowledge of a new type of transistor an IGBT was gained Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The engineering design process was heavily used in the full life cycle of this project To begin we decided on a general idea of a project and refined what we were actually looking for the project to accomplish by defining success criteria These criteria outlined what was needed for the project to be complete and successful We then analyzed some equations and models to demonstrate that this idea could actually come to be A circuit schematic was created and printed circuit board layout was constructed We sent the designs away to a factory to have the circuit board synthesized and when it came back we populated it with components Software was written and the rest of the project was constructed The project was tested extensively so that bugs could be worked out and we could complete a working project After we were satisfied that our design was passing its success criteria we sat back and evaluated its performance and our own Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required
76. ms in the design Software engineers are critical to the success of the project as algorithms used in the final design as well as PC application software support will form the backbone of the interface that the end user interacts with Outside of engineering marketing and people skills will be needed to create a market for the device Documentation and specification sheets would best be handled by technical writers who would ensure the public views high quality documents that present a stable platform for campus navigation A 42 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 g Description of project deliverables and their final status We fulfilled all five of our Project Specific Success Criteria PSSC s PSSC 1 An ability to display a map Final Status Complete Demonstrated April 27 2009 PSSC 2 An ability to determine the GPS location of the device Final Status Complete Demonstrated April 23 2009 PSSC 3 An ability to take input from the user via a touch screen or input buttons Final Status Complete Demonstrated April 23 2009 PSSC 4 An ability to determine the shortest map node path to a destination Final Status Complete Demonstrated April 23 2009 PSSC 5 An ability to display path and points of interest to the user Final Status Complete Demonstrated April 28 2009 We also fulfilled all of the standard criteria for success including Use of a microcontroller Complete An interface to something
77. n run of the PCB costs 33 or less we were fairly close to our initial cost constraint declared in the Design Constraint Analysis Environmental The initial design of our device didn t take environmental constraints into account but features of the device could easily be changed in order to improve the environmental footprint and require ROHS components Health amp Safety Attention was given to ensuring that the battery cannot malfunction and potentially harm the user A volume limiter is a plan for long term software development In addition further iterations of the design will include currently non implemented components that will add safety features Sustainability We wanted the FLACtrac to be as sustainable as existing digital audio players on the market There isn t any reason that the FLACtrac wouldn t last as long as an iPod which also has a non removable lithium ion battery and it would be trivial for someone skilled with simple hand tools to replace the battery in the FLACtrac This area might be improved by allowing the user to replace the battery after it is exhausted but would require changes to the packaging to be easy for all users to accomplish Manufacturability Design for manufacturability is important for all but the most custom projects The FLACtrac is fairly easy to build and was deliberately designed early on to have components which would fit together well and make assembly simple Description of the multi
78. o design and test a microcontroller based digital system ii an understanding of the engineering design process iii an ability to function on a multidisciplinary team iv an awareness of professional and ethical responsibility v an ability to communicate effectively in both oral and written form The following instruments will be used to assess the extent to which these outcomes are demonstrated the forms used to score each item are available on the course web site Outcome Evaluation Instruments Used i Design Component Homework Gii Individual Lab Notebooks Gii Success Criteria Satisfaction general and project specific iv Professional Component Homework v Formal Design Review Final Presentation and Final Report Students must demonstrate basic competency in all the course outcomes listed above in order to receive a passing grade Demonstration of Outcome i will be based on the satisfaction of the design component homework for which a minimum score of 60 will be required to establish basic competency Demonstration of Outcome ii will be based on the individual lab notebook for which a minimum score of 60 will be required to establish basic competency Demonstration of Outcome iii will be based on satisfaction of the 100 of the general success criteria and a minimum of 60 3 out of 5 of the project specific success criteria Demonstration of Outcome iv will be based on the professi
79. o weight ratio and low cost as a refurbished aircraft product This motor defined the rest of the requirements of the power circuitry Given the circuit performance requirements the system was modeled in PSPICE with behavioral models for the control Upon proving satisfactory results the circuit simulation was converted to actual components in a full schematic The PCBs were designed and assembled After multiple revisions the code for the microcontrollers and FPGA proved that the system could operate successfully A simple system was demonstrated using a three phase induction motor using delta hysteresis current control and a simplified field oriented control algorithm on the FPGA e Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic In order to become an economically viable product the entire vehicle system not just the drive would have to compete well with the existing market for gas driven cars The cost of the electricivic drive is relatively low compared to the rest of the components Given current technology the battery system is by far the weakest component Further advances in electrical storage would be needed before this product could be sold beyond the existing niche market for electric vehicles Environmental Electri
80. oes not use an excessive amount of environmentally dangerous products However instructions on proper disposal will be included to ensure that our project does as little harm to the environment as possible Ethical Considering the risk of photosensitive epilepsy we believe that we dimmed and slowed down the animations as to almost eliminate the risk of seizure One warning that we also address is that the chess pieces are a choking hazard and that the game should be kept out of the reach of small children Sustainability Since Not So Deep Blue does not contain very many moving parts normal wear and tear will have little to no effect on the life of the board Also the cost for replacing parts to extend the life of the board such as magnets reed switches LEDs and chess pieces are extremely cheap in relation to the board itself Manufacturability The low cost of the initial design gives a lot of hope to a low priced mass produced product The product is not very large in size and contains very common parts making it very marketable to manufacturing companies Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project This project required both an adequate knowledge of both hardware and software Within each of those we needed expertise on embedded software as well as high level code and also analog and digital hardware problems Having three EEs gave a wide variety of knowledge to spread amongst the project But without the CompE non
81. of the filters and proper capacitor sizes for the crystals All of us had taken analog classes such as ECE 207 and 208 and when designing a filter these classes surely came in handy Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project Several new technical knowledge skills were acquired throughout the project For each member of the project this was the first PCB design and thus many hours went into the creation of the board The team learned how to produce footprints and relay components in an efficient manner Proper capacitor sizes crystal use and trace widths were a few items added to a plethora of acquired skills We learned to optimize trace lengths use proper converters and minimize vias We also demonstrated new soldering skills considering no single group members had any experience with surface mount soldering A few hours went into the USB stack alone during which tremendous amounts of details were acquired about the protocol The SCSI layer the File System layer the MSD layer and the low level interface needed careful research The Ethernet stack was a great software implementation of previously acquired skills Although several team members had networks knowledge other than simple socket programming no team member had ever implemented a functioning TCP IP stack in software Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to t
82. onal component homework for which a minimum score of 60 will be required on the final evaluation to establish basic competency Demonstration of Outcome v will be based on the Design Review the Final Presentation and the Final Report A minimum score of 60 on the Design Review and a minimum score of 60 on the Final Report and a minimum score of 60 on the Final Presentation will be required to establish basic competency Since senior design is essentially a mastery style course students who fail to satisfy all outcomes but who are otherwise passing based on their NWP will be given a grade of I incomplete The grade of T may subsequently be improved upon successful satisfaction of all outcome deficiencies If outcome deficiencies are not satisfied by the prescribed deadline the grade of T will revert to a grade of F ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Course Grade Determination Several homeworks will be assigned related to key stages of the design project Some of the assignments will be completed as a team 1 2 7 13 15 16 17 two will be completed individually 8 and 14 and some will be completed by a selected team member one from the set 4 5 6 9 and one from the set 3 10 11 12 Team Building and Project Idea Project Proposal Design Constraint Analysis and Component Selection Rationale Packaging Specifications and Design Hardware Design Narrative Preliminary Schemat
83. osal Note that the proposal should also include assignment of each team member to one of the design components as well as to one of the professional components of the project Group Account and Team Webpage Each team will be assigned an ECN group account to use as a repository for all their project documentation and for hosting a password protected team web page The team web page should contain datasheets for all components utilized the schematic board layout software listings interim reports presentation slides etc It should also contain the individual lab notebooks for each team member as well as the progress reports prepared in advance of the weekly progress briefings for each team member At the end of the semester each team must submit a CD ROM archive of the group account Design Review Part way through the design process there will be a formal design review This is a critical part of the design process In industry this phase of the design process can often make or break your project A good design review is one where a design is actively discussed and engineers present concur with the current or amended design The design review is in some cases the last chance to catch errors before the design is frozen boards are etched and hardware is purchased A friend is not someone who rubber stamps a design but rather one who actively challenges the design to confirm the design is correct Approach the design review from a top down b
84. ottom up perspective First present a block diagram of your design and explain the functional units Then drop to the bottom level and explain your design at a schematic level Be prepared to justify every piece of the design a perfectly valid answer however is applying the recommended circuit from an application note If you do use a circuit from an application note have the documentation on hand and be able to produce it Your grade for the design review will not be based on the number of errors identified in your design The best engineers make mistakes and the purpose of the design review is to catch them rather than spend hours of debugging later to find them The design review will be graded primarily on how well the group understands their design and the professionalism with which they present it To facilitate the design review process the class will be split into subgroups that will meet at individually scheduled times Both the presenters and the assigned reviewers will be evaluated ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Design Project Milestones Each group is responsible for setting and adhering to their own schedule however there are several important milestones as listed in the table below Always expect the unexpected and allow for some buffer in your schedule Budget your time With proper budgeting senior design can be a very rewarding and pleasant experience See course schedule for homework due dates Week M
85. ppropriate If not explain Attach additional sheets as necessary Yes 4 Do you have any suggestions for improving this course If so explain Attach additional sheets as necessary Tweaks in lecture content additional material on interfacing embedded software development new references for ethical environmental lifecycle considerations additional equipment for lab common request is to have enough soldering stations so that one can be issued to each team larger quantities of standard supplies purchase of a professional software package for maintenance of electronic lab notebooks still looking for funds ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Course Assessment Report continued Average Outcome Scores and Outcome Demonstration Statistics for ECE 477 Outcome 1 Avg Score 84 2 Passed 52 52 100 00 Failed 0 52 0 00 Outcome 2 Avg Score 81 8 Passed 52 52 100 00 Failed 0 52 0 00 Outcome 3 Avg Score 9 1 Passed 52 52 100 00 Failed 0 52 0 00 Outcome 4 Avg Score 84 0 Passed 52 52 100 00 Failed 0 52 0 00 Outcome 5 Avg Score 89 2 Passed 52 52 100 00 Failed 0 52 0 00 Demonstrated all five outcomes based on primary assessment 52 52 100 00 Outcome Tracking Results for Digital Systems Senior Design 100 0 TCSP sessions initiated 50 0 Outcome 1 design component report Cohort Average 40 0 Outcome 2 individu
86. r We applied principles of locality and adding scalability through an extra level of indirection which were ingrained in our thinking through ECE 337 437 and 469 lectures and labs And finally our course website was written in PHP using a MySQL database to help organize all of the information and facilitate communication among team members these are tools that were first encountered in ECE 495v Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project We acquired a vast array of technical knowledge and skills in this course since it facilitated the chance to learn in such a practical way None of our team members ever had experience with printed circuit board layout and we all gained a great deal of knowledge and appreciation for how much time and detailed planning is necessary to produce a working board We also gained experience with power supply design Since all of our previous coursework dealt used development boards or external DC power supplies this project gave us a chance to design troubleshoot and use a switch mode power supply that produced a 5 volt and 3 3 volt power rail Though our group had never implemented a supply such as this one we gained significant experience in reducing ripple and spikes in the signal and observe the impact the load has on the power output We also had the chance to deal with a significantly large project While most of our school projects are relatively sm
87. re system with the goal that accomplishing these fundamental parts would lead to system integration Once the criteria were created analysis was performed to estimate what parts were needed and to what extent For example a rough estimate of the amount of external memory needed was made by deciding how many seconds of audio were needed what the sampling rate was and the estimated compression ratio Another rough analysis was for the number of logic elements required for the FPGA based on the computations involved The next step in the design process synthesis involved understanding how the various chips would communicate and how various parts of the circuit would interact The synthesis was most clearly defined in a block diagram and schematic which were constantly revised and rewritten as the design continued The schematic was also part of the construction phase actually building what was designed Populating the PCB and developing code was the next step The coding testing and debugging process was quite iterative and sometimes coding constraints led led to or introduced problems in the construction step Although seemingly oxymoronic these unexpected problems were not very surprising and were generally solved by flywiring or code simplification Eventually this iterative process led to the realization that the initial criteria were not realistically achievable and it was necessary to choose a new direction of the project that more close
88. rel of the rifle had to be plastic to not interfere with the magnetic fields of the coils Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project There are many disciplines that can be incorporated into this project Obviously computer engineers to work on the software for the microcontroller and electrical engineers to work on the circuitry and wiring Mechanical engineers are useful for all the hardware and packaging involved with the design Physicists are needed to do analysis and computations for the forces experienced by the projectile and flight characteristics of the projectile after the barrel There are a lot of useful jobs for many different disciplines Description of project deliverables and their final status The final product includes one fully operational coil gun with the ability to measure velocity of projectiles fired and monitor the charge status of both system capacitors and batteries To operate the user will need to acquire two 9 V batteries and follow the instructions found in the user manual for proper set up and use of the coil gun The final report documenting the culmination of work throughout the semester is also to be submitted along with the senior design report and a poster highlighting the Lock Stock and Three Smoking Coils project A CD for the purposes of archiving the project will also be delivered containing the Lock Stock and Three Smoking Coils website demo video of the project and project document
89. rom This made it more difficult for us to route these and the control wires as they need to be separated from each other yet remain hidden to the user inside the wooden barrel To prevent the user from accidentally shooting themselves with the rifle we intended to put an unlock code on the fire sequence for the rifle controlled by the microcontroller Social The social issues to focus on revolve around the fact that the coil gun could be used for mischievous purposes If misused the coil gun can put in danger persons or property It is up to a substantial user manual to inform the user of the dangers inherent in the coil gun especially if misused Safety integration is also to be built into the final product that will also serve to deter any misuse or accidents However despite these precautions social safety ultimately rests upon an informed and responsible user Political The only political constraints to be mentioned are possible ways in which the product is to be license in order to prevent misuse of the product resulting in the potential harm of persons or property This will be an increased concern with later revisions that may prove to be more powerful and destructive ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Manufacturability One of the manufacturing concerns comes from the blending of so many different types of materials The body of the rifle is wooden as it is easiest to work with and mold to our shape and design criteria The bar
90. s Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 8 Project Title The OCHO Senior Design Students Team Composition fame Sa ete Utilized in Project _ Graduation Date Kevin Dieterle Control Systems May 2009 Peter Laird PCB Design May 2009 Jeff Ostendorf Software Architecture May 2009 Greg Zarse Peripheral Interfacing May 2009 Project Description Provide a brief two or more page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The OCHO is a digitally controlled quad rotor aircraft It utilizes the widely used 802 11b wireless protocol to handle communication with a remote user It has built in stabilization to aid in the controlled flight by an end user It is targeted for hobbyists of both beginner status and advanced experience Along with flight hobbyists software developers are also targeted with the open protocol for control and attached RJ 11 port for further programming The project was designed as a digitally controlled small aircraft that would be easy to fly The aircraft is based on a simple frame using aluminum booms from other RC helicopters and a light weight main frame and motor mounts The flight is achieved using openly available motors and motor controllers The main control system is based off of a custom made PCB that has a sensor array consisting of 3 gyros 3 accelerometers
91. s such as SDRAM being physically near the FPGA in mind After the PCB was completed code started to be developed with small parts being written and tested at a time These small parts were integrated and left us with our final project b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework This project required a great deal of C and HDL both Verilog and VHDL Other skills built upon were related to microcontroller interfacing general system design and timing constraint awareness all of which were developed in ECE 362 Circuit design was stressed in many earlier classes and proved essential to the success of the project In ECE 270 we learned the basics of reading data sheets and drawing schematics in OrCAD This knowledge was used in the process of selecting parts and drawing the schematic c Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project While some of the team members had known VHDL going into the course other team members were able to gain knowledge about VHDL Those that were already familiar with it A 22 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 were able to further develop knowledge of VHDL No team members knew Verilog but knowing VHDL allowed them to quickly learn and modify code that was found in Verilog In the process of designing our project team members gained more experience with timing diagrams and timing constrain
92. st step this semester was to develop an idea for a project It needed to be something that we were all interested in After deciding on our idea for the project we needed to develop a measurement for success We were given five general criteria for success and we developed five more which were specific to our project After this we needed to start deciding on the major parts involved in the project This required us to do research and compare and contrast several parts including the microcontroller the LED drivers the reed switches voltage regulators and LEDs We had to analyze each part separately to see if it would meet the needs of our project and all together to see if all parts could be integrated with each other After doing research and selecting parts we needed to create a preliminary schematic The schematic allowed us to map out the connections to and from all components in the project Knowing which parts needed to interconnect gave us a starting point for our PCB design The PCB design was a multi step process The first step was to find the footprint for each of the parts in our design This was an important step because if the footprint is wrong soldering the part to the board would be nearly impossible After finding all the footprints we needed to layout the board Several of the parts required special consideration in PCB design such as a ground pours around it Finally we needed to connect all the traces between the parts
93. t everything was still working together properly Again the steps of constructing more functionality and testing appeared and were implemented until a stable operating point could again be obtained and evaluated This process repeated several times until a suitable character set was added a fitting level of robustness was obtained and the original objectives had been met Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic The main economic constraint was the overall cost of the project Steps were taken to try to keep costs down One step was to combine orders or wait to order a part so as to limit the shipping costs Everyone attempted to sample parts from distributes instead of purchasing small quantities Costs versus benefits were analyzed to see if the extra features a more expensive part would bring would be justified for the increase in cost Environmental The environment was taken into considering when choosing how to power the Magic Wand Everyone agreed that it would be reckless to not attempt to incorporate rechargeable batteries into the design This concern steered the team to choose a rechargeable battery pack for the base station which was not implemented due to time constraints and to use rechargeable AA batteries for
94. t we did not follow any strict procedure or design flow instead our engineering design process was more interrupt driven meaning we accomplished certain portions of our project when we needed to Initially we laid out of objective as design a game console which allowed us to be more creative with our criteria selection Since our assumption was that our game console might be too simple using a Linux operating system to power our peripherals we decided that we would include more peripherals initially to make the difficulty of the project more realistic or at the very least comparable to other projects During our criteria selection we looked at current and past game consoles to see what extra features and peripherals were included Ultimately we decided upon the following criteria based on component selection a controller to manipulate the game preferably wired a USB input since using ROM cartridges or CDs was not very practical wireless 802 11 b g but we also considered Bluetooth a graphics device that would handle VGA output and an audio device to play sounds Part of our analysis included component selection This happened at very sporadic times because instead of selecting our components all at once we chose the main component first our Hammer module and then everything followed suite in order of importance graphics controllers sound and wireless After we chose one component we would base A 26 ECE 477 Senior Design R
95. that the motors would not accidentally over shoot the tuning target Health amp Safety The main safety concern that constrained our design was a concern for broken strings Broken strings especially the higher notes are capable of causing injuries to a user s hands and face In order to make das AutotUnr as safe as possible we have the motors turn as slowly as possible and have software checks to prevent an over torque condition The materials used to make das Autot nr offer no health risks to the user The only issue would be disposal of the LCD There wasn t really any constraint caused by health concerns Social Social constraints led to the proposal of this project the root of the automatic tuner is to make the process of playing guitar more accessible and convenient Social constraints also impacted our user interface design pushing us to emphasize simplicity in the controls Political Political factors were not a large concern in the design of the project but questions of patent liability were significant Frequency analysis methods were of special concern here since the use of DFT style algorithms is widespread in the patent literature Sustainability Instruments do not change much so the project will most likely be useable on guitars in the future as well as the present The project was also designed to be adjustable for size and different peg configurations in order to accommodate for differences in the headstocks of guitars
96. the circuitry in the device Sustainability The project was not intended for long term or heavy use but there was a reliability analysis performed on various parts of the circuit The plastic packaging was chosen for durability and sustainability Manufacturability The main manufacturability constraint that was incorporated during the project was choosing packages that were able to be reasonably soldered to the PCB Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project This project clearly required skills that covered both Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering The ability to write code in C VHDL and Verilog are things typically associated with Computer Engineers or even Computer Scientists however Computer Scientists are not usually associated with microcontroller or FPGAs Creating a schematic designing the layout designing the power supply circuitry and figuring out the appropriate resistors and capacitors when not given are typically considered to be in the Electrical Engineering domain In addition the soldering of parts on to the board was a particular challenge for this project because of the small size of capacitors and the large number of pins for the FPGA This is something some may attribute to an Electrical Engineering Technology major All of these aspects were very important to the functionally of the end product Description of project deliverables and their final status The final product is a smal
97. the stylus instead of throw away watch batteries A 19 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Ethical The Magic Wand raises a possible ethical concern when it is advertised as a handwriting recognition device Many people initially believe that it can recognize all 26 characters fluently The team has made great efforts to communicate the true character set that can be recognized and clear up any doubts about its functionality Health amp Safety Very little is expected to go wrong with the Magic Wand that can cause any physical harm With that said the safety and comfort of the individual was still taken into considering when designing the Magic Wand The first consideration was in the size of the stylus it was desired to have a form factor that was not uncomfortable for the user to use Also with the device being held in the hand we wanted to eliminate all chances of an individual cutting or slicing their hands by having to hold the stylus PCB to write That is why the pen is inside a smooth plastic casing to eliminate any chance of injury to the individual Social The Magic Wand was designed with the goal to be used by both left and right handed people The team did not want to discriminate against anyone and limit the potential market share Political The Magic Wand has no political design constraints Sustainability In order to maintain sustainability rechargeable batteries are encouraged to minimize the need for extra purchas
98. to the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic The jukebox is not expected to have an economic impact Environmental The jukebox will have a minimal environmental risk There is no higher environmental risk than a device with an LCD mercury or PCB lead Ethical The main ethical concern of the jukebox is with RIAA standards There are no real ethical risks involved with the device It is possible however that with the freedom incorporated when choosing song that a jukebox owner could elect to play illegally obtained songs The device is labeled accordingly Health amp Safety The jukebox will have a minimal health and safety risk The device is packaged in a black case and does not have the ability to injure users The only possible violation is a severed touch screen which must be disposed of appropriately Social The jukebox is here to promote the interaction between patrons and owners It is also used to promote the social environment in which it is placed by providing music that is customized by the client The jukebox will encourage sales in any environment it resides impacting the local community in a positive manner on a social and capital level Political The jukebox is not expected to have a political impact Sustainability The device is expected to have a shelf life of
99. ts such as when code was written to interface with the Audio CODEC or the SDRAM Also writing code to initialize both the CODEC and SDRAM required team members to look very closely at datasheets Trying to figure out what to look for in a datasheet can be very time consuming so the more experience obtained the quicker that process should go in the future In addition the ability to program in C was further developed by any team members that wrote code for the microcontroller While not used in the final project the process for compressing an audio file into the FLAC was generally understood by the end of the semester with one team member being very well versed in the process If time had allowed this knowledge would have been used to allow the FPGA to compress streamed audio Instead however knowledge about digital effects for audio were obtained and demonstrated in the final project Finally the ability to do PCB layout was strengthened Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The first step in the process was establishing objectives and goals criteria There were five specific criteria that formed the basis of the ensuing design process The criteria involved different abilities to demonstrate various parts of the enti
100. ustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic This project was to fill the niche between the 40 single string guitar tuner and the high end 1000 built in guitar tuner It provides more features as compared to the single string guitar tuner It is more flexible than the built in guitar tuner because it is a standalone device which can be used with different guitars The cost of the prototype was about 300 so this would be a good mid range automatic guitar tuner Environmental Environmental concerns directly affected how the packaging materials were chosen We chose to use Lexan for the motor bracket both because it was lighter and cheaper than aluminum but also because Lexan is an easily recyclable material A 14 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 Furthermore if das AutotUnr would go on to be mass produced the control box would be made from recycled plastics and the PCB would be assembled without using leaded solder Ethical The main ethical concern involved with the design of das AutotUnr was ensuring that the product would not harm either the user or the user s property Various failure scenarios were identified and accounted for by halting motor operation during these events This would ensure that the motors would not be over rotated due to a lack of frequency feedback that the rotation direction of positive frequency increase was correctly identified and that the motors would be sufficiently speed controlled so
101. veral sponsors and in the end came in well under budget Looking at the economics for the opposite perspective if the design were to be put to the market we would hit our price point quite easily The bike could be sold for around 3000 and make excellent margins This all assumes that there are plenty of available used motorcycle chassis out there though Environmental The whole basis of the project is to improve the environment by reducing carbon emissions from combustion motors In this regard the project was successful Replacing a small car or even a combustion powered motorcycle with an electric vehicle is cheaper per mile for the customer and also has a smaller carbon footprint However the energy into the production of the bike and its components needs to be taken into account It is impossible to estimate the energy put into the design and assembly of the bike This information would be necessary if the bike were to go into full scale production A 47 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 The big environmental negative in this project is the disposal of the sealed lead acid batteries These batteries will die one day and proper recycling will be necessary The LCD also has mercury in it and the pcb contains lead both of which require proper disposal Ethical The Moto eV project is extremely ethical The project does use some non RoHS compliant parts but this could be changed for production Giving the population the tools necessar
102. what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project Knowledge of musical harmonics and overtones on stringed instruments was dramatically increased Several circuit design principles were learned such as bulk and bypass capacitor sizing and placement as well as other noise reduction techniques for layout Effective layout of power and ground traces as well as appropriate PCB trace sizing was also learned The MIDI file format was also studied extensively Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The idea for das Autot nr stemmed from the perceived usefulness of an automated guitar tuner to be used by both the avid guitarist and for guitar stores who do many restrings and retunings every day After the formulation of the initial idea that the project was to be an automated motorized guitar tuner the team sought out to establish clear and concise objectives required for design success These objectives included the ability to concurrently control six motors the ability to analyze frequencies in a sound signal and compare them to desired frequencies and an ability to write MIDI files to a mass storage device With the objectives drawn up the team set out to analyze how these objectives could b
103. y as possible This forced us to choose parts that were lower in their voltage and current requirements Ethical When designing a gaming console there are several ethical considerations The console must not be harmful to the user This forced us to make sure that there was minimal risk for shock damage The games are where the real ethical concerns were located The games needed to be free from possible seizure inducing material as well as having no obscene content Political While not directly related to the actual designing of the game console violent and racial video games have become an issue lately Some game console manufacturers aim A 27 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 to restrict certain developers from creating games for them by licensing development environments and software that a developer must use to create the game While we do not have such software or IDEs this is definitely something that could be taken in to consideration had we the time to further develop the software for the game console Sustainability As with any gaming system it is important that the console lasts for a fairly long period of time This meant that we needed to choose parts for the Legacy Console that had long mean times to failure This had to be balanced against the economic aspect of the console because more robust parts were more expensive Manufacturability Since the PCB layout has been finalized and many of our peripherals were chosen
104. y to control current through an inductive load This was demonstrated by controlling the phase currents of an induction motor The desired current is a sine wave The currents that were shown have large harmonic components beyond the fundamental but that was a result of the operating conditions Only a 1 5 Amp sine wave was commanded with a 1 Amp hysteresis band This allows a large ripple relative to the fundamental component The current did maintain tracking within this band Ability to sample and digitally filter analog waveforms The data coming from the current sensors currently contains a significant amount of noise Implementing a simple FIR filter a moving window average reduced this noise In this case the waveform is the current feedback The future implementation of the drive unit in the car will also filter the DC bus voltage Here a much larger ripple 10 Volts or so is expected due to the sinusoidal current draw of the motor An average filtered value will be used for the voltage input to the motor control calculations Ability to track rotor position and speed using an optical encoder The RPM and position xxxx Out of 4096 per revolution was shown on the LCD These are both used as inputs to the motor control algorithms A 7 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 5 26 2009 e Ability to display sensor feedback on Ul Sensor feedback shown on the LCD was current draw rotor position and speed and system temperatures Once a
105. y to make the world a better place is the Moto eV team s goal Health amp Safety There are many health and safety risks associated with riding an electric motorcycle or a combustion motorcycle These are inherent to the mode of transportation However there are risks specific to an electric propulsion system Obviously with any high power drive there is risk of electrical shock The team mounted all high current and high voltage connections underneath the tank The battery bank is protected from the user by the battery cage All switches necessary to operate the bike can be accessed without endangering the user Social The social impact of the Moto eV is to empower the individual Releasing consumers for the constraints of the oil industry allows people to each contribute to a better world Political Moto eV surprisingly also has a strong political impact The majority of oil in the United States comes from abroad The Moto eV releases people from their combustion engine cars and allows them to help the environment and save money at the same time Reducing America s dependence on foreign oil is a good thing Sustainability Tne Moto eV is designed to be a robust product Looking over the inherent motorcycle maintenance there are a few maintenance issues specifically associated with the electrical drive The largest issue would be the batteries Sealed lead acid batteries are extremely durable and should last through many cycles However one
106. ystem runs is written in C Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project Many skills were gained during the creation of the Legacy Console The most knowledge was gained in printed circuit board design We learned all the steps from how to draw schematics to laying traces and debugging them Along with this knowledge came helpful insights into the correct way to layout a PCB Unfortunately we also learned a great deal about how to fly wire and otherwise correct a bad PCB The PCB also gave us the opportunity to learn how to solder many different types of parts including surface mount through hole and QFN packages We also learned a lot about how to debug hardware We learned how to check ports such as UART and SPI for correctness and how to use an oscilloscope to check the output from those ports We learned a significant amount about checking soldering joints and circuit debugging as well Finally we gained knowledge about programming for embedded Linux We learned how to write programs in C that were compatible with our version and how to compile those programs into the Linux kernel Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation During the construction of our projec

Senior Design Report for ECE 477 – Spring 2009

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Senior Design Report for ECE 477 – Spring 2009