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MODO-5 User Manual - ReSe - Remote Sensing Applications

Contents

1. nar EYE 2 3 3 Sensor Response Spectra 2 3 4 Surface Reflectance Files 2 3 5 OUTPUTS Ri RAI 2 4 Common 2 4 1 2 4 2 Standard Atmospheres Ie I ods Oe ee bee teens 2 5 DEMO Data sine 2 5 1 Spectral Libraries 2 5 2 IBID IM M Chapter 3 Workflow Examples 3 1 MODTRAN 5 Solbes tors tat ees Etpe OM E od Pape nated 3 2 At sensor Radiance Simulation Table of Contents MODO 5 3 3 Simulation of Atmospheric Signatures 29 3 4 Simulation of Sensititivity teers nennen nne 30 3 5 Evaluation of Sensor Specifications 31 3 6 Simple Atmospheric 32 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 Generic Menu amp Eee d ee a 4 1 1 The MODO mal ey ee DOR Rentas otra ton cha Do ade QR NT REA 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 Men s te ob tos te eere nee Rat ee preis s ee iuter P
2. 2 Ls Mri AN 2 6 frd _ i where r X is the spectral response function of the sensor s band A stepwise assumption is taken for the convolution if the number of raw data values j is sufficient within the width of the spectral band If the original resolution is not sufficient a polynomial is calculated through the original data points L 2 for better approximation of the spectrum and summarized through a number of 100 interpolated data points i e 2 Poly CL A FUA 2 E oa A minimal number of 2 data points within the range of the target bands is required for a suffi cient calculation of the convolved data values in any case Compare function gt Modtran Extract Spectra P 89 lt 2 3 File Descriptions 2 3 1 The data basis for the MODTRAN 5 calculation is provided together with the MODT RAN 5 code MODO contains some additional data for more complete simulation posssibil ities which are described in Chapter 2 5 on Page 21 An overview over the files provided by MODTRAN 5 and their locations within the installation as described in the original MODTRANS s user s manual 2 is given below Band Model Files The variable MODTRN in the Ist position in CARD 1 see Table 4 1 on Page 55 selects the band model algorithm used for the radiative transfer either the moderate spectral resolution MODTRAN 5 band model or the low spectral resolution LOWTRAN band model LOWTRAN spectroscopy
3. various processing options auxl aux2 Card 1 cdl CARD1 modtrn T speed M binary F lymolc model 2 itype 2 iemsct 2 imult 1 m intarr 6 mdef 0 i_rd2c 0 noprnt 0 tptemp 293 15 surref 0 4 cdla CARD1A dis F disazm F disalb nstr 8 sfwhm 0 co2mx 365 0 h2ostr o3str c_prof 0 lsunfl F lbmnam F lfltnm F h2oaer t cdtdir F solcon 0 cdastm astmc 0 astmx 0 astmo 0 aerrh 0 nssalb 0 cdlal amp cdla2 amp cdla3 amp cdla4 1 5 dblarr 10 1 dblarr 13 cdla7 dblarr 16 Card 2 cd2 CARD2 aplus ihaze 1 cnovam iseasn 0 aruss ivulcn 1 icstl 3 icld 0 ivsa 0 vis 0 0 wss 0 0 whh 0 0 rainrt 0 0 gndalt 0 0 cd2ap 0 0 3 1 2 11 1 10 35 1 30 100 1 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 CARD2A cthik 9 calt 9 cext 9 ncralt 9 ncrspc 9 cwavln 9 ccolwd 9 ccolip 9 chumid 9 asymwd 9 asymip 9 CARD2B zcvsa 0 ztvsa 0 zinvsa 0 CARD2C ml 0 ird1 0 ird2 0 hmodel ree 0 0 nmolyc 0 e mass 0 airmwt 0 cd2cy strarr 20 amp cd2cl fltarr 6 50 cd2cla strarr 16 50 jchars cd2c2 fltarr 9 50 cd2c2x fltarr 13 50 cd2c2y fltarr 8 50 variable size according to nmolyc cd2c3 fltarr 8 50 cd2b cd2c cd2d intarr 4 47 241 replicate CARD2D1 awccon 0 0 title 4 cd2dl title Aerosol Lay
4. 74 Outputs A file of the same reference appearing in the first column of the first file and the values of the chosen input spectra is returned The title description is preserved Restrictions The selected input files should be columnar ASCH with only one head row the single head row labels divided by at least two blanks All the files must have the same wavelength channel reference data in the first column with label Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 4 7 Menu Calculate The Calculate menu offers additional functionalities as listed in Figure 4 25 X File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate Solar Angles Meteorological Range Convolution Shifttest Convolution Version 5 Simple Atmo Cor okokeokoktokolokolekolelokolkolotololojoletoletololejole Spectral Unnixing for remote sensing and Own Routine transfer specialists Figure 4 25 The menu Calculate SOLAR ANGLES To calculate solar azimuth and zenith for a given date and position on the globe the tool Sunny was provided is by the DLR Oberpfaffenhofen A screenshot is given in Figure 4 26 Enter date time as GMT and geograhic longitude and latitude positive values for east of Greenwich and north of Equator then click Do Calculation Solar angles and day of the year are displayed in the output lines 75 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide XISUNNY Solar Geomet
5. 83 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 4 9 Batch Processing MODO principally can be used for batch processing of MODTRAN 5 jobs However the functions are not fully documented 4 9 1 Batch Commands for IDL Here are some useful functions available in the IDL programming environment after loading the MODO program modo4 norun Starts up MODO 4 defining variables without getting to the GUI run mod4 tape5 select batch Runs MODTRAN 5 from within MODO using a specific tape5 select triggers selection of a tape5 by a dialog batch inhibits the display of dialog boxes common c genmod loads the MODO common block after its definition by modo4 norun run mod tape5 group group select select batch batch writetape4 tape5 append new silent kill Writes the current variables to a MODTRAN 5 tape file By default the current tape is overwritten append Appends to the current tape new Creates a new tape silent Disables messages on screen kill Deletes a specific run of a tape readtape4 tape5 cur silent Reads the contents of a tape5 to the MODO variables cur number of tape5 run to be read silent no feedback mod4 reflseries rfile ofile tape5 cfile Calculates a series of runs on the basis of reference surface reflectance spectra File containing the reflectance data ASCII ofile Name of output
6. directory as shown in Figure 4 4 It appears in the menu widgets of gt Modtran Setup Tape5 and Run 51 lt and gt Modtran At Sensor Signal P 61 lt as option gt LAMBR lt in the drop down menu Albedo In order to feed your own spectra replace the input file alb dat with an own creation MODTRAN 5 has to be run first in order to have the spectral refer ence available Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 POO Select Lambertian Spectral Albedo Change Spectral Albedo File src_idl modo_v4 DATA spec_alb dat Average Ground Surface Temperature Default 1 1 Pixel Reflectance Background Reflectance snow cover fresh snow cover fresh A forest forest farm farm desert desert ocean not grazing angles ocean not grazing angles cloud deck diffuse only 6x for forward scatt 5 cloud deck diffuse only 6x for forward scatt 5 old grass old grass dead grass maple leaf burnt grass urnt grass constant 0 constant OZ constant 5 constant 5 constant 50 constant 50 constant 804 constant 80 constant 30 7 constant 304 Z 1 maple leaf Upper limits 0 8000 Index of Target 8 Adjacency 9 HELP Select Spectra Cancel Figure 4 4 The window Select Lambertian Spectral Albedo The first spectral albedo left part of window describes the pixel reflectance of your target while the second spectral albedo right part of windo
7. MODO MODTRAN 5 for Remote Sensing Applications User Manual Version 5 MODO File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate Help wvl L atm E_0 d 2 T_dif_sun_gnd T_dir_tot T_dif_obs_gnd T_dir_obs_gnd 9 44200000 0 012287350 1 9914702 5 20623192 056309521 0078279018 0 88813323 0245170000 01011534157 20114155 0719796489 058271754 01074805982 0789364535 046630001 0 010581087 20648280 0748568622 0260791206 01070007503 090053171 ta h 1 0 17328556 0 63142824 0055429151 090704584 dil dajal inmmap vord 1 Vordemwsid 1 rad bag 0 55187377 02061770890 091285498 DA TAA PO File Edit Profile Export Latm 0 2 TLdif_sun_gnd TLdir_tot Tdif_oba_gnd Tdir_obs_gnd S albeda Position xt 554 500 Pixel 253 2018 1602 2463 2222 0 91604841 0017009232 0 97560346 0 91043937 0 016550209 0 97427189 089694035 0 015997579 0 95837084 0 88034868 0 015348113 0 95852679 Modo Version 5 0 licensed for Daniel c DS ReSe Applications Build 25 ReSe Applications Schl pfer MODO User Manual Version 5 2011 by ReSe All rights reserved This manual as well as the software described in it is furnished under license and may only be used copied in accordance with the terms of such a license The information in this manual is furnished for informational use only is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by ReSe The MODTRAN
8. MODTRAN R for remote sensing and radiative transfer specialists Development maintenance and support ReSe fipplications Schlaepfer Langeggueg 3 CH 9500 Wil SWITZERLAND info rese ch http3 www rese ch modo index html MODO is designed to operate with MODTRAN R features and functionality MODTRAN R was co developed by Spectral Sciences Incorporated SSI and the United States Air Force USAF SSI and USAF are not responsible for deviations of results of this software from MODTRAN R software The MODTRAN R trademark is being used with the express permission of the owner the United States of America as represented by the United States Air Force if you like this scientific software please consider ordering a license at the above address THANKS Reload Text File no file loaded Modo Version 5 0 licensed for Evaluation 18 days left c DS ReSe Applications Build 4 4 4 1 The MODO main menu 35 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 4 1 2 4 1 3 36 The MODO main menu at the top of the main window is used for interactive operation of the software It consists of 4 major menu items see Figure 4 1 which are described beginning with Section 4 2 on Page 42 The button Reload Text File at the botton of the window allows to update the display of a text file which had been selected by the function gt File Show Textfile P 42 lt Help Syst
9. trademark is being used with the express permission of the owner the United States of America as represented by the United States Air Force Software and manual are completely made in Switzerland MODO software authored and produced by Applications Schlapfer Year of publication 2011 place of publication Wil SG Switzerland MODO v5 user manual authored by Daniel Schlapfer Dr sc nat Front cover Simulation of parameters for atmospheric correction using the MODO software MODO 5 Table of Contents Table Of Contents ee testa tome ei eee e tede 3 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Goals Of ade det A TENE Rada veda R denen 5 1 2 Functionality 1 3 Limitations sinire 1 4 Future Extensions i Lec ee 7 1 5 Organisation of this 8 1 6 Installation of the MODO 1 8 Chapter 2 Background Information 2 1 MODTRAN 5 and MODO Integration 11 2 2 ier mc 2 2 1 Data Extraction 2 2 2 sires cites aire eae ences sive c 2 3 File Descriptions Lei ieee id EU p en OP eere ae 2 3 1 Band Model Files veru de cel ance Pr ME TERR hots ee ae eet 2 3 2 Solar Irradiance Spectra
10. A smooth transitions between the layers is given within the overlapping area Scaling Factor to scale the amount of aerosols per layer Factor of 1 Default no scaling A Attention This is modal widget any other IDL widgets will be blocked during execution 57 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide X MODTRAN Define Aerosol Layers Option A Upper Stratosphere from E0 0000 to 10 000 Scaling 1 00000 Lower Stratosphere from 10 0000 to 5 0000 Scaling 1 00000 Upper Troposphere from 2 00000 to 11 0000 Scaling 4 00000 Boundary Layer from 900000 to 5 00000 Scaling 1 00000 Help Set Defaults na Done Figure 4 14 The widget Define Aerosol Layers for option A in MODTRAN Actions Set Defaults Sets the boundaries and scaling factors to the values as used MODT RAN 5 without A option Done The new boundaries are transferred to the tape5 editing process You may cancel this transfer afterwards by omitting the gt A Plus lt option in CARD 2 of the main widget MODTRAN 5 AEROSOL OPTION The Aerosol option is set in MODO s MODTRAN 5 base widget by switching the aerosol layer button from gt Default lt to gt USS lt It allows you to define the dimensions of the USS option as shown in Figure 4 15 Inputs Title Describe your aerosol or cloud region e Conversion Factor Is a conversion factor from extinction coefficient km to equivalent liq
11. routines which offer some higher flexibility if compared to the implementation in the MODT RAN 5 code Data Extraction In normal cases the total at sensor radiance is the main output component to be read from the MODTRAN 5 outputs Other components such as the path scattered radiance specific transmittance values or the solar irradiation are of specific interest for atmospheric applications and correction routines as well as for validation of the cross sensitivity of the simulated spectra to atmospheric influences MODO reads the components from the outputs and converts them to SI standard units W m sr nm from the original units being W cm sr This con version is based on the well known relationship between wavelength and wavenumber 2 1 The wavenumber is converted its equivalent wavelength through the following relationship 1 Al nm mE EE ux 1 irm 2 2 13 Chapter 2 Background Information 2 2 2 The relation between the wavelength interval and the wavenumber interval is given by dy Lav and dv 2 3 v The generic relation between the radiance per wavelength L and the radiance per wavenum ber L is derived from the respective definitions 2 Pog a ees andi QE s uL eV 2 4 dAdQdv dAdOdX dAdOdv The unit conversion is derived as follows where L Ls denote data values for the same radiance equivalents and v the wavenumber
12. 5 installation Starting MODO is done by opening the file modo sav from within IDL or through the free IDL Virtual Machine typing modo on the IDL prompt will work as long as the file is found IDL Note that the herein mentioned functions are explained in detail on the indicated pages in the subsequent Chapter Functions Reference Guide 3 1 MODTRAN 5 Setup The first workflow describes the usage of MODTRAN 5 in its standard more through the MODO GUL This workflow is for experienced MODTRAN 5 users and for people who require the full MODTRAN 5 feature set This standard workflow for MODT RAN 5 operations is as follows 1 Choose gt Modtran Setup 5 and Run P99 Be aware that for an instance the correspond x ta Nae editor window will confuse a first time user but together with the MODT 5 user manual it will become manageable to fill in senseful values here 2 Choose your old tape5 or define a name of a new tape 3 Make your setting in the appearing huge tape5 window Multiple runs are allowed use 23 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples arrows to switch The window adjusts dynamically according to the selected options 4 Use the help for this window for further informations or open the MODTRAN 5 man ual with gt Help Browse Manuals as described in Section 4 1 2 on Page 36 the manual fol lows the same logic order as the displayed window 5 Now the tape may be stored f
13. Delta radiance simulation 31 Demo data 15 21 51 atcor lib sli 21 flux tp5 22 irradiance tp5 22 radiance tp5 22 radiosonde tp5 22 radiosonde trans tp5 22 sensor0 tp5 22 sensorl tp5 22 93 Index 94 sensor2 tp5 22 sensor3 tp5 22 spectra_6s txt 21 spectral tp5 22 DISORT 24 62 70 71 72 E Edit menu 47 Export spectra 49 Import spectra 47 Labels and columns 49 Endmember 80 81 ENVI 6 9 12 13 25 36 42 47 49 65 Evaluation license 9 Extinction coefficient 58 76 F File Display ENVI file 43 File format 15 17 37 39 File menu 42 Edit textfile 47 Plot response function 44 Quick plot 44 Reset session 45 Restore status 45 Save status 45 Show system file 46 Show textfile 42 Stop 45 FORTRAN 11 Full width half maximum FWHM 31 56 78 G Gaussian approximation 6 12 14 25 44 Geometry 11 24 27 29 30 62 Graphical user interface GUD 5 6 23 30 84 H Help About MODO 83 Basics 83 Browse MODO Manual 83 License 83 MODTRAN manual 24 36 Window Manager 82 Help menu 36 Licensing 9 Tapes 51 IDL 11 Modal widget 38 40 57 59 MODO status 45 MODO variables 45 Own routine 7 82 System requirements 8 Virtual Machine 8 23 Installation IDL 45 MODO 8 15 46 Interpolation 78 Polynomial 78 Step by step 78 Inversion 25 Irradiance 11 16 22 27 71 MODTRAN mode 24 67 71 Source options 11 Units 17 69 ISAAC 62 70 7
14. E Gavira J Ulbrich G J and Meynart R 2004 APEX Current Status of the Airborne Dispersive Push broom Imaging Spectrometer W L Barnes and J J Butler Editors Earth Observing Sys tems IX Proc SPIE Vol 5542 Maspalomas Spain pp 109 116 Nieke J and Fukushima H 2002 Selection of a solar reference spectrum for reflective bands preprint pp pp 17 Richter R 1997 Correction of atmospheric and topographic effects for high spatial resolution satellite imagery Int J Rem Sens 18 13 1099 1111 Richter R 1998 Correction of satellite imagery over mountainous terrain Applied Optics Vol 37 No 18 pp 4004 4014 Richter R 1996 A spatially adaptive fast atmospheric correction algorithm International Journal of Remote Sensing Vol 17 No 6 pp 1201 1214 Richter R 2009 Atmospheric Topographic Correction for Wide FOV Airborne Imagery Model ATCOR4 DLR Internal Report DLR IB 552 05 09 MODO 4 References 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Rothman 1 5 and McCann 1996 HITRAN 1996 Schlapfer D and Schaepman M 2002 Modelling the noise equivalent radiance requirements of im aging spectrometers based on scientific applications Applied Optics 41 27 5691 5701 Schlapfer D 2001 MODO An Interface to for the Simulation of Imaging Spectrom etry At Sensor Signals In 10th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop JPL Pasadena CA Vol
15. Flight Sea son Proceedings of SPIE AeroSense 97 Orlando FL p 8 Thuillier G Herse M Simon P C Labs D Mandel H and Gillotay D 1996 Observation of the visible solar spectral irradiance between 200 and 350 nm during the ATLAS I mission by the SOLSPEC spectrometer Sol Phys 171 pp 283 302 Thuillier G Herse M Simon P C Labs D Mandel H and Gillotay D 1996 Observation of the visible solar spectral irradiance between 350 and 850 nm during the ATLAS I mission by the SOLSPEC spectrometer Sol Phys 177 pp 41 61 Vermote E El Saleous N Justice Kaufman Y J Privette J L Remer L Roger J Tanr Atmospheric correction of visible to middle infrared EOS MODIS data over land surfaces Background operational algorithm and validation Journal of Geophysical Research 1997 vol 102 D14 pp 17131 17141 Wang J Anderson G P Revercomb H E and Knuteson R O 1996 Validation of FASCOD3 and MODTRANG comparison of model calculations with ground based and airborne interferom eter observations under clear sky conditions Applied Optics Vol 35 No 30 pp 6028 6040 Woods T N Prinz D K Rottman G J London J Crane P C Cebula R P Hilsenrath E 91 Chapter Brueckner G E Andrews M D White O R VanHoosier M E Floyd L E Herring L C Knapp B G Pankratz C K Reiser P A 1996 Validation of the UARS solar ultravi alet irradiances Comparison with
16. Guide Chapter 4 4 4 Menu MODTRANE 5 Setting up a tape5 This central part is described in more detail as the tape5 translator is a somewhat tricky but powerful tool to work with The sub menus are explained in order of appearance afterwards SETUP TAPE5 AND RUN When beginning to set up or run tape5 you are first asked to give an old tape5 to be read in Choose a user defined file or one of the predefined files from the folders bin or demo_data The demo files are described in Section 2 5 2 on Page 21 Next the MODTRAN 5 base widget part of the user interface MODOY shown in Figure 4 13 pops up The parameters are listed in the same order as in the tape5 each main CARD 1 5 is surrounded by a frame The coded values of tape5 are mostly decoded in single pulldown menus or may be given in numeric fields Just go through and do the used switches Actions Help Opens a new window to display a help file with almost the same content as given in this chapter Consider the gt Help Browse Manual lt function described in Section 4 1 2 on Page 36 if you have a browsable manual installed Select Selects another existing tape5 and displays the contents of the last run in the wid gets Show Current Shows the 5 tape5 version of the current contents of the widget as it would be saved and used by MODTRAN Save Saves the current tape5 under the filename it was opened and at the position of the
17. P61 atmosphere surface geometry and sensor together in frames 27 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples 28 1 2 qr a k 4 j F L 4 ME J 5 E J 5 j 1 0 e i E DV y J a BS Low Res J SE X NM High Res E TI EN DISORI J t DISORT C K J 0 8 Lor n s cu St uo 1 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Wavelength nm Figure 3 3 Relative difference of standard scattering algorithms from correlated k approach dotted at sensor radiance curve MODTRAN standard configuration surface reflectance properties atmospheric conditions Sensor response geometric conditions MODTRAN simulation data extraction and convolution at sensor radiance irradiance or total transmittance Figure 3 4 At sensor radiance simulation workflow with 4 input sections based on standard MODTRAN 5 configurations Workflow Examples Chapter 3 3 3 Simulation of Atmospheric Signatures The most straight forward simulation of atmospheric signatures using MODTRAN 5 is the calculation of the transmittance of a specific optical path see example of such an output in Figure 3 5 Transmittance curves are derived for the characterization of atmospheric scatterers and gases such as water vapor 33 Any
18. Response File s Ysrc idl modo v3 sensor resp apex apex bin spc DeFine Output File Name apex reflectance series txt Help Run Reflectance Series Tone Figure 4 20 The input widget for MODTRAN 5 reflectance series Inputs Input MOD4 TapeS Here you may select any previously prepared MODTRAN 5 tape5 Use the function gt Modtran Setup Taped and Run P lt to prepare such a thing Series of One parameter at a time can be selected to be the series driver Parameter Series The comma separated values for the above selected parameter may be entered here according to the respective MODTRAN 5 standards Number of Column to Be Extracted Let s you enter the number of the required column by default the total radiance transmittance irradiance is extracted For a description see help file in the function gt Modtran Extract Spectra P lt Sensor Response File s Allows direct convolution of the outputs to a sensor of choice if empty no convolution is performed Output File Name Guess Actions Run Reflectance Series A multiple run tape5 is created and MODTRAN 5 is started The selected column is then extracted automatically and convolved to the sensor The intermediate MODTRAN 5 files are deleted after execution 66 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 4 6 Menu Analyze 000 X MODO File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate Plot Tape Output Plot Solar Flu
19. Select MODTRAN Solar Flux Output nome rsl1 dodernat src idl nedo_v8 bin sensor Limits of x axis from 1 to X axis in nm Limits of y axis from 1 to H Ground Altitude b iet we Figure 4 22 The input widget Plot MODTRAN 5 Solar Flux Inputs MODTRAN 5 Solar Flux Output Only standard flux outputs of MODTRAN 5 can be plotted Limits of x axis Lower and upper range of plot set to 1 for default values Choose axis type in nm microns Limits of y axis Set to 1 for default value else give the limits Actions Plot Plots the whole output in a new window using the rainbow color table 68 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 EXTRACT SPECTRA The input file is a tape7 originating from radiance or for transmittance runs The output file contains only the data within the given wavelength range at maximal at the resolution as given by the minimal resolution X Extract Data from MODTRAN4 Output Select Input HOD4 Tape flx home rs 1 dodermat src id modo_v3 bin sensor0 tp Radiance ISAAC 13 columns Lowest Wavelength nm 350 000 Highest Wavelength 2550 00 Minimal Resolution nm 9 100000 b Transform data to Radiance W m2 sr nm Transmission no transformation Number of the column s to be extracted o Help Extract and fippend Done Figure 4 23 The widget Extract Data from MODTRAN 5 Output Options Unit Conve
20. Size Display Output Help home rsll dodermat src idl modo v3 demo data spec lib atcor lib 3spectra txt 0 4 asphalt deciduous f water avera asphalt Figure 4 5 MODO plotting window with its standardmenu Functions File Printer setup and printing colors may be inverted for black background Font Size The display font size is changed to the selected number approximately Display Reloading the display will redraw the same plot on the menu driven resizing the size of the plotting window may be set explicitely in cm Color tables may be loaded and adapted applicable to the whole MODO session Output The same plot as displayed can be written to a vector EPS file or to one of the available formats of rasterized files 4 1 7 Session Management The common blocks used by the package can be saved using gt File Save Status 45 lt and restored 41 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide by gt File Restore Status P45 Use these functions to ease contiguous work on the same project If output tapes are lurking on your system they may be conveniently deleted using the function gt File Delete Tape 4 lt Selecting a tape5 tp5 will delete this tape together with all related outputs If any of the outputs is selected only output files are deleted whereas the tape5 is retained If for any reason the session gets confused the function gt File Reset Session 5 lt helps to c
21. and NWLF gt 0 CARD 3C5 F 3 1 J J 1 NWLF FORMAT 8 1X E9 3 If IPH 1 and NWLF gt 0 CARD 3C6 F 4 1 J J 1 NWLF FORMAT 8 1X E9 3 If IPH 1 and NWLF gt 0 CARD 4 V1 V2 DV FWHM YFLAG XFLAG DLIMIT FLAGS FORMAT 4F10 0 2A1 A8 A7 CARD 4A NSURF AATEMP FORMAT 11 F9 0 If SURREF BRDF or LAMBER Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 Table 4 1 Listing of CARDs and their format Optional cards are marked with CARD Input Line s Format CARD 4B14 CBRDF FORMAT A80 If SURREF BRDF CARD 4B2 NWVSRF SURFZN SURFAZ FORMAT If SURREF BRDF CARD 48345 WVSURF PARAMS I 1 NPARAM FORMAT If SURREF BRDF CARD 4L1 SALBFL FORMAT A80 If SURREF LAMBER CARD 4124 CSALB FORMAT A80 If SURREF LAMBER CARD 5 IRPT FORMAT 15 is repeated ML times ak WN if ARUSS USS and IREG N gt 1 then Imax IREG N Else Imax 47 l is angle index as in CARD and J is the wavelength index as in CARD 3C2 set of inputs is repeated NSURF times is repeated NWVSRF times MODTRAN 5 A OPTION The A option is set in MODO s MODTRAN 5 base widget by switching the atmosphere layer button from gt Default lt to lt It allows you to define the layer boundaries for four atmosphere layers as shown in Figure 4 14 Inputs Boundaries Outer limits of the aerosol regions
22. columnar ASCII Files Method of interpolation normally step by step If there are not so much single raw data values the polynomial interpolation should be prefered First and last spectrometer channel number Integration area in number of std deviations Given by the FWHM values of the response function In case of a polynomial interpolation of the base data the integration step and the polyno mial grade can be given Outputs The current settings can be saved with the general MODO save restore function Returns the results in the same format as the input but with the channel numbers instead of the wavelengths as reference e As default name the ending is appended to the input filename SHIFTTEST CONVOLUTION The task Shifttest Convolution helps to retrieve the potential error from a spectral spectral shift of the spectral bands of a spectrometer It performs a convolution of the same databases with shifted bands within a self defined accuracy Inputs Name of spectral input file standard columnar ASCII first column should contain wave length in nm or microns Sensor response functions Spectral bands channels to process range 78 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 AAR Spectral Shift Convolution Select Spectral Input File dstaipodex out Select Sensors Response File s Jnodo_v4 sensor_resp dunny spc Channels Bands from gt 0 tot 428 Spectral shift s comma se
23. constructed The core interface of the MODO procedure is the tape5 editor window described in Chapter 4 4 on Page 51 It allows to set most of the input parameters using pull down menus instead 25 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples Edit Tape5 Input to MODTRAN 5 Run MODTRAN 5 radiance transmittance irradiance Plot tape7 or Spectrum Extraction solar flux output and Conversion ES Plot spectrum or Convolve to Gaussian convolved spectrum spectral response functions Simulated sensor specific radiance transmittance flux Figure 3 1 Typical workflow structure used for the simulation of imaging spectrometer data 150 F 1 i E HYMAP E L 5 100 DAIS N E Ss 5 5 50 a 1 c4 ada ow og dd 4 d i i 500 600 700 800 900 Wavelength nm Figure 3 2 Total at sensor radiance over vegetation convolved to specifications of the APEX instrument and to reference instruments AVIRIS HYMAP and DAIS 7915 26 Workflow Examples Chapter 3 of manually editing the rigidly formatted ASCII file However the various input options to MODTRAN 5 may be misleading if fast result of at sensor signals is to be calculated Thus a streamlined version of this window has been created It uses four standard processing options which allow the trade off between proce
24. file ASCII Name of initial 5 only reflectance will be changed cfile Name of sensor response if convolution is required 84 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 4 9 2 mod4 series tape5 parm list ofile col otape5 rfile cfile Calculates a parameter series tape5 initial tape5 name parm parameter selection vis ihaze model h2ostr o3str co2mx angle parm1 parm2 1 2 or surref list array of parameter values to be varied rfile File containing the reflectance data ASCII ofile Name of output file ASCII modex tape7 outfile wvlu wvlo col ge esol trs app var Extracts spectra out of a MQDTRAN 5 or tape7 works also with series of MODTRAN 5 runs tape7 Input File must be a output tape6 7 of MODTRAN LOWT RAN outfile name of the output file def modex out wvlu lowest wavelength of the extracted data nm def 400nm wvlo highest wavelength of the extracted data nm col number of the column s to be extracted def 12 resol maximum resolution of the output nm anzfil variable which gets the number of created files app appends files default each output spectrum is one file trs dont convert the data to W m2 sr var the variable outfile will contain the contents of the output after execution of the program Internal Data Format The following variables are
25. has proven to be very useful Each run 1 Chapter 2 Background Information 12 reflectance MODO input preparation taped tape7 MODTRAN gt spec_alb dat fortran solar flux sensor MODO response output evaluation radiance L Figure 2 1 Integration of the MODTRAN 5 standard code with the MODO interface within such tape5s can be accessed edited or deleted individually by browsing through the tape5 Some dedicated save options help to keep various tape5s organized The inclusion of surface reflectance spectra has become of high importance for modelling at sensor radiance values for known targets An interface has therefore been included for import ing reflectance data into MODTRANS s from ENVI 10 spectral libraries or ASCII reflec tance files The spectra can afterwards be selected for the target as well as for the background if adjacency effects shall be studied gt Edit Import Spectra 7 Alternatively an even more streamlined function gt Modtran Reflectance Series 69 is included for direct simulation of at sensor signals based on surface reflectance libraries The startup of the original MODTRAN 5 executable is managed by a child process from within MODO The code has been slightly adapted in order to allow to use MODTRAN 5 from whatever directory the tape5 has been saved to Additional interfaces are included for the following
26. is obsolete and is retained only for backward compatibility The MODTRAN 5 band model may be selected either with or without the correlated k treat ment The values for band model determination in MODTRN f are given in Table 2 1 15 Chapter 2 Background Information 2 3 2 Table 2 1 MODTRAN band model options MODTRN values Band model T M or blank 5 band models C or K MODTRANSe 5 correlated k option IEMSCT radiance modes only most accurate but slower run time F or L 20 LOWTRAN band model not recommended except for quick historic comparisons MODTRAN 5 uses a default 1 band model but if variable LBNAM in CARD is set to T the file name of a 0 1 cm 5 or 15 band model will be read from variable BMNAME in CARD 1A2 MODTRAN 5 will open the corresponding 0 1 1 5 or 15 Correlated k data file when input variable MODTRN equals C or K e 1 2008 The 0 1 band model file is used for highest accuracy at the cost of long run times The name of the accordant CK data file is hardwired to DATA CORKpl BIN 01 2008 The 1 band model file is used if no other file is specified The name of the accordant CK data file is hardwired to IDATA CORKOI BIN 05 2008 The 5 band model allows faster short wave calculations The name of the acco
27. new users explore functions and limitations of MODO But it may also be useful as input data for more experi enced users to perform test runs or compare The data is stored in demo_data spec_lib and demo_data tape5 2 5 1 Spectral Libraries The directory demo_data spec_lib contains two additional spectral libraries from ATCOR and 56 to complement the spectral data provided in MODTRAN 5 Their different proper ties are described in Table 2 4 Table 2 4 Properties of the spectral demo data provided with MODO MODTRANE 5 ATCOR 56 File name spec alb dat atcor ASCII lib txt spectra 6s txt atcor lib sli amp hdr Number of surfaces 46 20 3 standard cases Surface types Vegetation Vegetation Vegetation Soil Agriculture Sand Urban Concrete Lake Artificial Sea Snow Lake Ice Sea Spectral resolution mostly low high high Spectral range mostly large 300 2600 nm 350 2600 nm 2 5 2 Tapebs The directory data tape5 contains a couple of predefined tape5s representing exem 21 Chapter 2 Background Information plary parameter sets for different types of atmospheric situations They serve as examples for different simulation types processible in MODO and can easily be customized to new user pes p y defined tape5s radiance tp5 calculates total scattered and reflected radiances from a field observers view Default Ground Altitude is 100 m Display the output fil
28. the ATLAS 1 and 2 measurements J Geophys Res 101D pp 9841 9569 92 Index Index A A option 55 57 58 Absorption Calculation 62 Feature 27 32 Accuracy 27 62 78 Adjacency effects 6 12 39 Aerosol Algorithm 53 62 Layer 11 57 58 76 MISR aerosol model 7 Model 30 62 MODTRAN option 58 Optical thickness 30 76 Phase function 7 53 Profile 53 Air Force Geophysics Laboratory AFGL 11 Airborne Prism Experiment APEX 26 32 Append spectra 25 69 73 ARUSS 55 57 58 59 ATCOR 21 29 Atmospheric profile 52 62 At sensor radiance 7 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 61 Auxiliary data 36 42 47 54 AVIRIS 17 26 B Band model 11 15 16 61 Batch processing 45 84 BRDF 7 53 56 57 Calculate menu 75 Convolution 77 Meteorological range 76 Own routine 82 Shifttest convolution 78 Solar angles 75 Spectral unmixing 80 CARD 51 53 54 55 56 57 CARD 1 15 47 CARD 1A 16 17 CARD 1AI 16 CARD 1A2 16 CARD 1A3 17 CARD 2 58 CARD 2CI 52 CARD 2C2 53 CARD 2D 53 CARD 2E 53 CARD 53 CARD 3B2 53 CARD 53 CARD 4 53 68 69 CARD 4B1 53 CARD 411 18 CARD 412 18 CARD 5 51 Cebula plus Chance database 17 Central wavelength 78 Chance database 17 Cloud option 27 Commands 84 Computing time 27 61 Convolution 5 6 12 13 14 25 27 32 44 54 62 64 65 66 77 78 84 Correlated k 15 16 27 28 62 D Data Format 85
29. the Remote Sensing Laboratories RSL of the University of Zurich It is currently further developed maintained and distributed by ReSe Applications Schlapfer MODO includes an almost complete translation of the logical structure and the parameters of the input tape as well as utilities for the extraction and convolution of radiation component spectra Hereafter a short overview of the software is given Background information workflow descriptions and a functions reference can be found in the subsequent chapters of this manual of MODO The major goal of MODO is to ease the use of MODTRAN 5 by providing a graphical user interface GUI for the creation of the input files as well as for the analysis of the outputs with respect to hyperspectral remote sensing The efforts resulted in the MODO MODTRAN 5 Organizer concept MODO is not only a graphical front end to the MODTRAN 5 radi ative transfer code but also included advanced scientific processing tools focussing on remote sensing applications Its basic functionality is the creation and translation of files of the type Ll MODO is designed to operate with MODTRAN features and functionality MODTRAN was co devel oped by Spectral Sciences Incorporated SSI and the United States Air Force USAF SSI and USAF are not responsible for deviations of results of this software from MODTRAN software The MODTRANQ trade mark is being used with the express permission of
30. 0 4 8 9 00000 Earth Radius Def 0 9 00000 Path short 0 lona 1 i Only Observer Mie Phase Function Day number of the year 80 Source Sun Observer Latitude 7 2000 Observer Longitude 55 500 Dec Greenwich Time 2 0000 Path Azimuth p oo000 Range 409 000 to 25000 00 Resol 15 000 20 000 owt Trian noris Help Select 2 Show Save Clone test lt lt 1 gt gt kill Run Hodtran DONE 25 End Modtrn feum Figure 4 13 The widget Editing 5 for MODTRANS s Kill Kills the current tape5 out of multiple run files Run MODTRAN Runs MODTRAN 5 version 4 using the command modtran and assuming the MODTRAN 5 run script being installed DONE Quits the tape5 generator The following cases can not be handled with this version of the tape5 generator For all these purposes you must still use a text editor or another input programm to change the tape5 and run MODTRAN 5 afterwards Restrictions e CARD 2CI for user given atmospheric profiles can not be easily generated but can be Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 changed using the set profile function CARD 2 2 for additional trace gas profiles can not be changed and viewed CARD 2D for user given aerosol profiles can not be changed and viewed and is not sup ported by the interface CARD 2E for user defined cloud parameters is not sup
31. 1 72 K Koschmieder Constant 76 Equation 76 Kurucz database 17 L LANDSAT7 17 Linear spectral unmixing 80 81 Liquid water content 58 Look up table LUT 25 29 64 65 LOWTRAN 15 Main menu 35 Calculate 75 Edit 47 File 42 MODTRAN4 60 MISR aerosol model 7 mod4_reflseries 84 mod4_series 85 modex 85 modo sav 23 modo4 84 Index modroot in 54 MODTRAN Band model 16 61 Base widget 51 Data basis 15 Manual 36 53 Program code 11 13 Simulation modes 61 Units 13 MODTRAN4 menu 51 60 Append spectra 73 At sensor signal 61 Extract spectra 69 Parameter series 64 Plot solar flux 68 Plot tape7 output 67 Reflectance series 65 Run from tape5 60 Setup tape5 and run 51 Multiple scattering 29 N Novam 53 of 24 Optical thickness 30 69 76 Ozone 62 Parameter series 30 64 Path scattered radiance 13 30 70 Plot 40 Response Function 44 Solar flux 68 tape7 54 67 Polynomial interpolation 78 R Radiance At sensor 7 12 13 23 25 27 29 31 61 Direct reflected 30 Extraction 6 MODTRAN mode 24 67 70 Noise equivalent 31 Output format 19 Path scattered 13 30 Per wavelength 14 Per wavenumber 14 Simulation 27 29 Thermal 24 Units 14 69 Radiosonde Profiles 7 radiosonde tp5 22 readtape4 84 Reflectance 39 66 84 85 Background 39 53 62 Import 24 48 Output format 19 Series 65 spec_alb dat 18 39 Remote Sen
32. 2001 The Environment for Visualizing Images Version 3 4 Research Systems Inc Boulder Colorado USA Gao B C and Green R O 1995 Presence of Terrestrial Atmospheric Gas Absorption Bands in Standard Extraterrestrial Solar Irradiance Curves in the Near Infrared Spectral Region Ap plied Optics Vol 34 No 27 pp 6263 6268 Halthore R N et al 1997 Comparison of model estimated and measured direct normal solar irradi ance J Geophys Res 102 D25 29 99 1 30 002 Hausknecht P and Richter R 1997 Comparison of helicopter based spectral radiance measure ments and theoretical calculations with MODTRAN Alg for Mult and Hyp Im III Orlan do pp 253 258 89 References MODO 4 14 15 19 20 25 26 27 90 IDL 2001 Interactive Data Language IDL Version 5 4 Research Systems Inc Boulder Colorado USA Itten K I Schaepman M De Vos L Hermans L Schlaepfer H and Droz F 1997 APEX Airborne Prism Experiment ANew Concept for an Airborne Imaging Spectrometer Proceedings of the Third International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition ERIM Internation al Inc Copenhagen DK Vol I pp 181 188 Kindel B C Qu Z and Goetz A F H 2001 Direct solar spectral irradiance and transmittance meas urements from 350 to 2500 nm Applied Optics 40 21 3483 3494 Kurucz R L 1992 1 Atomic and molecular data for opacity calculations 2 Finding th
33. 30 0000 Sight Sun Azimuth Angle deg 190 000 Select Sensors Response File s Vraia sal soFtuare modo v amp sensor resp aviris aviris 08 spc Channels Bands from 20 2 to 224 Define Output File Wone rstt dodernat src idl modo v out txt Help Calculate Tone Figure 4 17 The MODTRAN 5 At Sensor Radiance Simulator Inputs e Calculation Type Allows to select between four standard MODTRAN 5 options For broadband sensors the low resolution is accurate enough while for high sensibility the more accurate but slower options should be taken The respective default tape5s for the four options can be found and potentially edited in the bin directory of the MODO installation files sensorO tp5 to sensor3 tp5 Low Res Uses the 15 band model at high speed This results in about 10 nm resolution at 2 5 microns 1 5 nm at 1 micron 0 4 nm at 0 5 micron It makes the cal culation really fast 61 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide High Res Uses the high resolution band model It improves the resolution by a factor of 15 and reduces the speed almost by a factor of 10 High Res with DISORT Uses the 8 stream DISORT aerosol scattering algorithm instead of the standard ISAAC algorithm High Res with DISORT and C K Uses the correlated k approach for gaseous absorp tion calculation This results in very slow operation of MODTRAN but high
34. 6 Table 4 1 Listing of CARDs and their format Optional cards are marked with CARD Input Line s Format CARD 2D1 AWCCON TITLE FORMAT E10 3 70 CARD 2D22 VX N 1 EXTCIN 1 ABSC N 1 ASYMIN 1 I 2 Imax FORMAT 3 F6 2 2F7 5 F6 4 CARD 2E1 ZCLD I 0 CLD I 0 CLDICE I RR I O 1 NCRALT FORMAT 4F10 5 If ICLD 1 10 NCRALT gt 2 CARD 2E2 WAVLEN I EXTC 6 I ABSC 6 I ASYM 6 1 EXTC 7 1 ABSC 7 I ASYM 7 1 1 NCRSPC FORMAT 7F10 5 If ICLD 1 10 NCRSPC gt 1 CARD 3 H1 H2 ANGLE RANGE BETA RO LENN PHI FORMAT 6F10 3 I5 5X F10 3 Alternate H1 H2 ANGLE IDAY RO ISOURC ANGLEM CARD 3 FORMAT 3F10 3 I5 5X F10 3 15 F10 3 IF IEMSCT 3 CARD 3A1 IPARM IPH IDAY ISOUR FORMAT 415 If IEMSCT 2 CARD 3A2 PARM1 PARM2 PARM3 PARM4 TIME PSIPO ANGLEM G FORMAT 8F10 3 If IEMSCT 2 CARD 3B1 NANGLS NWLE FORMAT 215 If IPH 1 CARD 3B2 F 1 I 1 F 2 1 1 F 3 1 1 F 4 1 1 1 I NANGLS FORMAT 8 1X F9 0 If IPH 1 and NWLF O CARD 3C1 1 NANGLS FORMAT 8 1X F9 0 If IPH 1 and NWLF gt 0 CARD 3C2 WLF J J 1 NWLF FORMAT 8 1X F9 0 If IPH 1 and NWLF gt 0 CARD 3C3 F 1 1 J J 1 NWLF FORMAT 8 1X E9 3 If IPH 1 and NWLF gt 0 CARD 3C43 F 2 1 J J 1 NWLF FORMAT 8 1X E9 3 If IPH 1
35. A SUNO1cebchkur dat 4 The Thuillier plus corrected Kurrucz data are used DATA SUNO1thkur dat 5 The Fonenla data are used DATA SUNO1fontenla asc 6 The Kurucz 1997 data are used DATA SUNO1kurucz1997 dat 7 The Kurucz 1995 data are used DATA SUNO1kurucz1995 dat Tort A user defined database residing in the file is used The user defined file must be in a special form The first line must contain a pair of integers The first integer designates the spectral unit 1 for frequency in wavenumbers 2 for wavelength in nanometers nm and 3 for wavelength in microns um The second integer denotes the irradiance unit 1 for Watts cm 2 for photons sec cm nm and 3 for Watts m um or equivalently milli watts m nm The subsequent lines contain one pair of fre quency and irradiance entry per line There is no restriction on frequency or wavelength incre ments However data beyond 50 000 wavenumbers are ignored If needed data in the user supplied file are padded with numbers from newkur dat so that the data encompasses the range of 50 to 50 000 wavenumbers The user defined file has a form that is different from the files in the DATA directory Sensor Response Spectra If variable LFLTNM in CARD 1A is set to T CARD 1A3 is used to select user supplied instrument filter channel response function file Sample AVIRIS DATA aviris fl and LANDSAT7 DATA landsat7 flt filter response funct
36. AN 5 tape7 created in solar irradiance mode the numbers are listed in Table 4 4 Table 4 4 Columnar format of the solar irradiance in ISAAC and DISORT outputs Output Unit Column Number Total Transmittance 2 Transmitted Irradiance W m nm 3 Solar Irradiance W m nm 4 Optical Depth 5 Solar Flux For the column numbers from MODTRAN 5 flx created in radiance mode see Table 4 5 In addition the altitude for the irradiance can be given The result is then interpolated directly from the flux file The solar flux is defined perpendicular to the surface Solar flux should be calculated in cm units for proper extraction Data is con verted to W m nm Table 4 5 Columnar format of the solar flux in ISAAC and DISORT outputs Output Unit Column Number Upward diffuse W m nm 2 downward diffuse W m nm 3 downward direct W m nm 4 Transmittance from a MODTRAN 5 tape7 created in transmittance mode the number of the columns to select for each trace gas are shown in Table 4 6 No further conversions 71 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 72 have to be performed with transmittance data Table 4 6 Columnar format of the thermal radiances in ISAAC and DISORT outputs tape7 n_col 35 Total 2 H20 3 UMIX 4 2 03 5 trace 6 N2 cont 7 H20 cont 8 Mol scat 9 Aer Cld Hyd 10
37. ASCII files in a default plot window gt Edit Export Spectra P 9 Allows to export any created extracted spectral data to ENVI spectral libraries whereas the standard spectral ASCII files can be easily imported into spreadsheet programs gt Modtran Plot Tape7 Output P7 Plots the whole output from the tape7 gt Modtran Plot Solar Flux P98 Plots the solar flux file 3 2 Radiance Simulation In imaging spectroscopy the normal case starts with known surface reflectance spectra which need to be transposed to at sensor radiance values For the creation of spectral databases or look up tables LUTs for later inversion standard setting for reflectance and discrete values for parameter variation are taken as basic input An overview of a typical data simulation work flow is given in Figure 3 1 The at sensor radiance is the critical parameter for the physical investigation of imaging spec trometry data It is derived by calibration of a sensor system and needs to be compared to the expected radiance levels An example of simulated at sensor radiance components is shown in Figure 3 2 The components of the signal are to be considered for validation of the relative sen sitivity of the radiance to atmospheric and surface parameters Usually a series of simulations needs to be set up in order to obtain the variation of the signal This approach may be chosen to simulate the expected at sensor radiance levels to be
38. ENVI files limited to files stored in band sequential BSQ storage order Clicking in the zoom window allows to display the spectra and to export them to an ASCII file Zoom Scale Position x 208 500 798 500 Pixel 194 1667 1666 2479 2284 Spectrum Vordemwald 1_rad File Graph Font_Size Display Output Help Spectral Plot of Pixel 194 1667 Image Value DN M m 500 1000 1500 2000 Wavelength X Profile Vordemwald 1 rad File Graph Font Size Display Output Help Vertical Profile of Pixel 208 1793 Image Value 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Pixel Numbar Figure 4 7 Display ENVI File 43 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide QUICK PLOT This function allows you to plot any tabular ASCII file with the MODO standard plotting function See detailed description about plotting in Section 4 1 6 on Page 40 PLOT RESPONSE FUNCTION By entering inputs as described below the Sensor Response Viewer see Figure 4 8 allows you to plot a sensors response function curves with the MODO standard plotting function described in Section 4 1 6 on Page 40 X Sensor Response Viewer Sensors Response raid sgl softuare modo_v3 sensor_resp dummy spc Channels Bands from 0 i to hoe Normalization of Response to firea Default wv to Maximum Help Plotal Tone Figure 4 8 The widget Sensor Response Viewer Inputs Select Sensors R
39. HNO3 11 Aer Cld ab 12 log Aer 13 CO2 14 CO 15 CH4 16 N20 17 02 18 NH3 19 NO 20 NO2 21 502 22 Cloud 23 CFC11 24 CFC12 25 CFC13 26 CFC14 27 CFC22 28 CFC113 29 CFC114 29 CFC115 30 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 Table 4 6 Columnar format of the thermal radiances in ISAAC and DISORT outputs tape7 n_col 35 CLO NO2 31 HNO4 32 CHCL2F 33 CCL4 34 N205 35 The following elements are added if additional molecules are selected in card1 option Mol 37 HF 38 39 40 41 42 OCS 43 H2CO 44 45 N2 46 47 CH3CI 48 H2O2 49 C2H2 50 C2H6 PH3 51 APPEND SPECTRA The function Append Spectra merges spectral files of the same wavelength reference to a single new file The input files are to be listed in the input widget shown in Figure 4 24 X Append spectral files of the same base Add a new file or remove the last one of this list Zhome rsl1 dodermat src idl modo v3 DATR spec alb dat 4 Zhome rsl1 dodermat src idl modo v3 DATR spec albi dat Zhome rsl1 dodermat src idl modo v3 DHTQ spec alb2 dat 4 Add Remove Help Tone Figure 4 24 The input file list widget Append spectral files of the same base Inputs A list of spectral ASCII files must be collected The titles of the single columns are in the first row of the file 73 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide
40. I files labels on top first column contains wavelength reference in nm microns The procedure automatically detects which filetype is provided It also looks for the wavelength reference and converts to microns if nanometers are provided in the first column The destination of the file default spec alb dat can be freely chosen although MODT RAN 5 only considers the file in the DATA directory in standard mode as shown in Figure 4 10 You have to replace this file if you want to use the imported spectra in MODT RAN 5 without using MODO afterwards Exception when the LAMBER option of CARD 1 is chosen the name of the spectral albedo file can be explicitely given and is stored in card 411 47 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 000 Import Reflectance Spectra Select Spectral File ASCII SPI rone rsl1 dodernat src idl v IETR 030304 030804 3 int trans Select Mame of utput File spec_alb dat Number of selected spectra 1 out of 66 Help Select Spectra Tone Figure 4 10 The widget Import Reflectance Spectra Actions Select Spectra if your input file consists of more than one spectrum this function allows you to pick individual spectra to import as shown in Figure 4 11 e Import Spectra Converts the external data to the spec_alb dat like MODTRAN 5 input file N Select Spectra for Modtran Select items from the list 1 Sin
41. Publication 02 1 pp 343 350 Schlapfer D Boerner A and Schaepman M 1999 The Potential of Spectral Resampling Techniques for the Simulation of APEX Imagery based on AVIRIS Data Summaries of the Eighth JPL Air borne Earth Science Workshop JPL Pasadena CA 99 17 377 384 Schlapfer D Borel C C Keller J and Itten K I 1998 Atmospheric Pre Corrected Differential Ab sorption Techniques to Retrieve Columnar Water Vapor Remote Sens Environ Elsevier 65 3 353 366 Schlapfer D 2001 MODO An Interface to MODTRAN for the Simulation of Imaging Spectrom etry At Sensor Signals 10th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop JPL Pasadena CA pp 343 350 Schmid B et al 1995 Validation of Atmospheric Transmittance Models in the 0 94 Micron Region for Sunphotometric Determination of Columnar Water Vapor Journal of Geophysical Re search p 45 Secker J Staenz K Budkewitsch P and Neville R A 1999 A Vicarious Calibration of the PROBE 1 Hyperspectral Sensor 4th Int Airb S Conf and Exh ERIM Ottawa CA pp 75 82 Staenz K Secker J Gao B C Davis C and Nadeau C 2002 Radiative transfer codes applied to hyperspectral data for the retrieval of surface reflectance ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 57 3 194 203 Strobl P Mueller A Schlaepfer D and Schaepman M 1997 Laboratory Calibration and Inflight Validation of the Digital Airborne Imaging Spectrometer DAIS 7915 for the 1996
42. SAZM NSTR LSUN ISUN CO2MX H2OSTR O3STR LSUNFL LBMNAM LFLTNM H2OAER SOLCON FORMAT 2L 1 I3 L1 I4 F10 5 2A10 4 1X A1 2X F10 3 CARD 1A1 SUNFL2 FORMAT A80 If LSUNFL True CARD 1A2 BMNAME FORMAT A80 If LBMNAM True CARD 1A3 FILTNM FORMAT A80 If LFLTNM True CARD 2 APLUS IHAZE CNOVAM ISEASN ARUSS IVULCN ICSTL ICLD IVSA VIS WSS WHH RAINRT GNDALT FORMAT A2 I3 A1 I4 A3 12 315 5F10 5 CARD 2A ZAER11 ZAER12 SCALE1 ZAER21 ZAER22 SCALE2 ZAER31 ZAER32 SCALES ZAER41 ZAER42 SCALE4 FORMAT 3 1X F9 0 20X 3 1X F9 0 If APLUS A CARD 2A CTHIK CALT CEXT FORMAT 3F8 3 If ICLD 18 or 19 Alternate CTHIK CALT CEXT NCRALT NCRSPC CWAVLN CCOLWD CCOLIP CARD 2A CHUMID ASYMWD ASYMIP FORMAT 3F8 3 214 6F8 3 If ICLD 1 10 CARD 2B ZCVSA ZTVSA ZINVSA FORMAT 3F10 3 If IVSA 1 CARD 2C ML IRD1 IRD2 TITLE FORMAT 315 A65 If MODEL O or 7 and IM 1 CARD 2c1 ZM P T WMOL 1 WMOL 2 WMOL 3 JCHAR J J 1 14 JCHARX FORMAT F10 3 5E10 3 14A1 1X A1 CARD 2C2 WMOL J J 4 12 FORMAT 8E10 3 E10 3 If IRD1 1 CARD 2C2x WMOLX J J 1 13 FORMAT 8E10 3 5E10 3 If MDEF 2 amp IRD1 1 CARD 2C3 AHAZE EQLWCZ RRATZ IHA1 ICLD1 IVUL1 ISEA1 ICHR1 FORMAT 10X 3F10 3 515 If IRD2 1 CARD 2D IREG N N 1 2 3 4 FORMAT 415 If IHAZE 7 or ICLD 11 55 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 5
43. about batch processing in Section 4 9 on Page 84 RESET SESSION If for any reason the session gets confused this function helps to clean up strange settings 45 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide DELETE TAPE This function allows you to conveniently delete unneeded tapes together with all related out puts If any of the outputs is selected only output files are deleted whereas the tape5 is retained SHOW SYSTEM FILE This function allows to display an ASCII file from within the MODO installation Use this function to have a quick look at e g a solar reference file or to a sensor response 46 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 4 3 Menu Edit The menu Edit contains some basic functionalities to deal with spectral data files 00 X MODO File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate Open Textfile Import Spectra Export Spectra Labels and Columns MODO Version 5 Preferences ak i MODTRAN R for remote sensing and Figure4 9 T radiative transfer specialists h EDIT TEXTFILE This tool is a convenient way to edit any ASCII file on the current working directory e g to look at an ENVI Header or at some ASCII auxiliary data See detailed description about text editing in Section 4 1 3 on Page 36 IMPORT SPECTRA This routine is used to import spectral data to MODTRAN 5 Two types of external data are supported ENVI spectral library files 51 slb and columnar ASCI
44. alculates the apparent top of atmosphere reflectance as nd c DN 100 Lam 1 E cos oy p and therefrom the surface reflectance is derived using the standard atmospheric correction for mulation by Vermote 41 as p p m 3 2 Trot dir obs sp The path scattered radiance can be derived in the multiple scattering case Ly Lam 2 nd 1 spa 3 3 The adjacency reflectance p is in a first iteration assumed to be constant and if the adjacency correction option is selected it is replaced in a second iteration by the spatially smoothed reflec tance of the first result The such derived ouput is a spectral albedo from calculation point of view ie all MODTRAN parameters are derived assuming lambertian reflectors However the real remote sensing quan tity is truly directional and thus the output may be best described as a directional hemispherical quantity being a mixture between the HDRF for the diffuse irradiance portion of the data and a weighted integration of the BRF for the directional irradiance part of the irradiance as described in the original definitions document by Nicodemus 1977 22 33 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples 34 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 4 1 Generic Menu Elements 4 1 1 The MODO main window AAP File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate L MODO Version
45. available for manipulation within modo They are listed as IDL ini tialization commands as in the definition sequence of modo norun Their description can be found in the MODTRAN 5 manual The individual variables may be accessed from within IDL using the standard structure syntax e g cd1 model 3 sets the atmospheric model to midlatitude winter The respective formatting codes are stored in a structure fmt followed by card number e g fmt cd1 for the format of card1 File Names mfile modtran files tape5 standard tp5 5 tape6 standard tp6 5 tape7 standard tp7 tape8 standard tp8 5 85 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 86 flux standard f1x sp_alb spec_alb resp modopath sensor resp delim dummy spc stape5 modopath etc delimt sensor 0 tp5 atape5 modopatht etc delim acdata_0 tp5 Parameters par modo parameters 5 wvlrange 350d 2550 lower and upper wavelength range bandrange lonarr 2 lower and upper band number scale 10 scale for atmospheric correction calfile envi_in cal name of calibration file for atmospheric correction acdfile acdfile txt atmospheri correction data file ienvi envi in bsq 5 last ENVI input file called oenvi envi out bsq last ENVI output file called actype 0 5 type of atmospheric correction zen 0d solar zenith angle azi 0d solar azimuth angle opts lonarr 10
46. be started through that button 4 8 Menu Help The help menu provides direct access to the modo manuals and some basics X MODO Window Manager Basics Browse MODO Manual Version 5 Browse MODTRAN Manual About MODO I R for remote sensing and Eees ive transfer specialists WINDOW MANAGER This widget displays a list of all currently opened windows OOO N Active Windows mod_sensor Window_Manager m Bring To Front Kill Window 2 Ccom 82 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 BASICS Some basic information as contained in this manual is displayed BROWSE MODO MANUAL Displays this manual MODO Manual pdf as contained in the modo installation directory Uses the operating system s default application for PDF display if none is set no file is dis played BROWSE MODTRAN MANUAL Displays the original MODTRAN 5 manual MODTRAN_Manual pdf as contained in the modo installation directory The manual is enhanced with hyperlinked bookmarks pointing directly to each chapter Uses the operating system s default application for PDF display if none is set no file is displayed ABOUT MODO Displays some information about MODO and its current stage of development LICENSE Brings you to the licensing dialog to either enter the license key or to produce the information required for a license key
47. been made in MODTRAN 5 to make it easier for the users to keep track of input and output I O files The need for easier file handling is evident to anyone who runs MODTRAN 5 using different tape5 input files and who wants to save the corresponding output files the tape6 pltout tape7 and so on In the past every MODTRAN 5 input file had to have the name tape5 and previously generated I O files had to be renamed to avoid 53 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 54 overwriting them with newer files The need for renaming is now avoided by creating a new MODTRAN 5 input file referred to as the root name file called either modroot in or MODROOT IN If modroot in does not exist MODTRAN 5 checks for the existence of a MODROOT IN file If neither of these files exists MODTRAN 5 I O files are the tra ditional ones tape5 tape6 tape7 tape8 etc If a root name file exists and its very first line contains a non null string maximum length is 80 characters this string is treated as a pre fix If the string consists of all blanks or is a null string the traditional I O file names are assumed The root name should contain no embedded blanks leading and trailing blanks are properly ignored This string is used as a prefix for the I O files whose names have mnemonic suffixes As an example if the string is casel the MODTRAN 5 I O files will have the fol lowing names e casel tp5 Primary input file tap
48. current tape Save your prior to run MODTRAN 5 to make sure all setting have been taken Save As Saves the current tape5 and makes a copy to a new filename Clone Saves the current run to a new filename forgets the other runs of the same tape5 gt Switches to the next MODTRAN 5 run in multiple run files or appends the current tape5 at the end of the previously saved file Allows to create multiple MODTRAN 5 runs CARD 5 values are created automatically Switches to the previous MODTRAN 5 run in multiple run tape5 51 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 52 Editing 5 for MODTRAN 5 Modtran Text Std Hidlatitude Summer Mert Path from to Full Radiance Multiple Scat at H1 Default Gases __ Standard Output T Boundaryz 233 15 45 Old Scatter Ne fa Normal Sunres 5 CO2 ppm 885 000 H20 F Add No More Files Kurucz 1997 1 cm 1 Standard Orig Resolution Modify Aero SolConst 2 00000 Default Rural Extinction V 23km Default Season as Model Normal Volcan Background No clouds No VSA Visibil kn 9 00000 Jemen wiepeed 0 00000 Rain Rate mw h D 00000 Ground Alt km 0 00000 Leg Aueeeft 0 00000 Ang Exponent 0 00000 fa 9 09000 9 00000 Sensor Altitude Hi km 100 000 Final Altitude H2 km 9 00000 Sensor Zenith degree 180 00
49. d stored Convolution is done automatically to the extracted main column output Output An ASCII file containing the band wavelength reference and all corresponding correction parameters is created It may be used with the function xxx PARAMETER SERIES The calculation of series is a task often used in MODTRAN mainly for sensitivity analysis but also for the creation of LUTS for atmospheric processing MODO allows the automatic cre ation and calculation of such series on the basis of a standard tape5 which needs to be prepared initially Inputs Input MOD4 Tape5 Here you may select any previously prepared MODTRAN 5 tape5 Use the function gt Modtran Setup Taped and Run P90 to prepare such a thing Series of One parameter at a time can be selected to be the series driver Parameter Series The comma separated values for the above selected Parameter may be entered here according to the respective MODTRAN 5 standards Number of Column Enter the number of the required column in this field by default the total radiance transmittance irradiance is extracted A helpful description is given in gt Modtran Extract Spectra P lt 64 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 AAA X Create MODTRAN Series Select Input MOD4 TapeS Standard Mnomers11 dodernat src idl nodo_v8 bin sensor0 tp5 Visibility km w Ozone PARN2 Relative Azimuth Angle w Rerosol models w Carbon Dioxide w Sensor Altitude Ser
50. dat file and plots a preview in the window below The upper limit of reflectance may be changed by entering the value to the right of the window and confirming bey the Enter or Return key Actions Select transfers the selected spectrum identification to the tape5 generator It is stored as negative index number in the spectral albedo field 37 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 38 4 1 5 AOAO Select Spectral Albedo Change Spectral Albedo File src_idl modo_v4 DATA spec_alb dat l snow cover fresh forest farm desert ocean not grazing angles cloud deck diffuse only 6x for forward scatt Steve Young old grass dead grass maple leaf burnt grass constant 08 constant 54 constant 50 constant 804 constant 30 constant 10 CCN3 Sea ice conifer becknic database vegetation olive gloss paint JHU becknic database manmade deciduous tree JHU becknic database ndy loam JHU becknic database soil granite JHU becknic database igneous rock galvanized steel JHU becknic database manmade Upper limit 0 6000 Index 34 Wavelength HELP Select Spectrum Cancel Figure 4 3 The widget Select Spectral Albedo Attention This is modal widget any other IDL widgets will be blocked during execution Selecting Lambertian Albedo Spectra This function allows to select a spectral albedo from the spec_alb dat situated in the DATA
51. de Surface reflectance For user friendliness the inclusion of spectral libraries as parameter series option has been implemented in a separate GUI as it requires an additional side input by interfacing to the spectral libraries The output may be the default total radiance transmittance but also compo nents such as path radiance or direct reflected radiance may be chosen for more specific analy sis The appearance of the related GUIs is depicted in the function gt Modtran Parameter Series 9 Within a predefined standard situation tape5 one parameter can be varied by Workflow Examples Chapter 3 standard situation parameters from pre defined tape5 aerosol angular trace gas altitude range range y surface atmospheric geometric reflectance series series series MODTRAN simulation data extraction and convolution at sensor radiance irradiance or total transmittance series Figure 3 6 Workflow for sensitivity analysis A series of calculations is created from a pre defined standard configuration where only one parameter is varied at a time providing a comma separated list of entries The output is finally directly convolved to the sen sor of interest as selected from the internal sensor response library 3 5 Evaluation of Sensor Specifications For the design of new instruments the specifications need to be fixed based on simulated at sensor ra
52. diance values The simulations may be done by comparison to measured values of existing instruments 32 or by fully physical based simulation MODTRAN 5 has been established as a standard tool for such simulations for imaging spectrometry data The MODO utility can be used in a supportive manner to derive the following critical parameters Typical and extreme at sensor radiance levels Application specific reflectance based signal delta radiance simulations Noise equivalent delta radiance specification Spectral resolution FWHM Spectral sampling interval requirement Full width half maximum FWHM spectral resolution and spectral sampling interval are 31 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples derived by series of convolutions to potential spectral response functions The sensitivity e g within absorption features may then be characterized to derive recommendations for spectral resolution An example is given in Figure 3 2 where the spectral characteristics of existing imaging spectrometers are compared to potential resolution specifications of the upcoming Air borne Prism Experiment APEX instrument However the presented approach does not compare to measured data values If the real signals after optics and electronics are to be simulated more sophisticated tools such as SENSOR 4 are required 3 6 Simple Atmospheric Correction 32 With version 5 of MODTRAN an optional side output has been introduced which s
53. e radiance tp7 with gt Modt ran Plot Tape7 Output 87 lt irradiance tp5 calculates the solar irradiance on a certain day of the year default 150 and the atmospherical transmittance for a common combination of atmospherical param eters Display the output file irradiance tp7 with Modtran Plot Tape7 Output 7 lt flux tp5 calculates the solar flux for a common combination of atmospherical parame ters The default spectral range accounted for is limited to a narrow portion in the 2500 nm region The output up and downward irradiances in the file flux flx can be displayed with gt Modtran Plot Solar Flux P88 lt Enter a positive value in the field Ground Altitude radiosonde tp5 this is a working example file containing five layers of radiosonde data Please use a text editor or maybe modo to add additional layers according to the MODT RAN 5 standard sorry modo does not yet support any more sophisticated tools for radiosonde data import radiosonde_trans tp5 another example file with radiosonde profile this time for trans mittance calculation sensor0_demo tp5 this is a copy of the file sensor0 tp5 which is the basis for the first option low resolution standard MODTRAN 5 settings in the at sensor radiance sim ulator widget gt Modtran At Sensor Signal 61 lt sensor1_demo tp5 this is a copy of the file sensor1 tp5 which is the basis for th
54. e missing solar ultraviolet opacity and 3 Remaining line opacity problems for the solar spectrum all three papers in Revista Mexican de Astronomia y Astrofisica 23 Kurucz R L 1995 The solar irradiance by computatioin Proceedings of the 17th Annual Review Conference on Atmospheric Transmission Models edited by Anderson G P Picard R H and Chetwynd J H PL TR 95 2060 Special Reports No 274 Pl 332 Phillips Laborato ry Geophysics Directorate MA McElroy C T 1995 A Spectroradiometer for the measurement of direct and scattered solar spectral irradiance from on board the NASA ER 2 high altitude research aircraft Geophys Res Lett 22 pp 1361 1364 McElroy C T Midwinter C Barton D V and Hall R B 1995 A comparison of J values esti mated by the composition and photodissociative flux measurement with model calculations Geophys Res Lett 22 pp 1365 1368 Miesch C Briottet X Kerr Y H and Cabot F 2000 Radiative transfer solution for rugged and heterogeneous scene observations Applied Optics 39 36 6830 6846 Nicodemus et al Geometrical Considerations and Nomenclature for Reflectance National Bureau of Standards 1977 pp 52 Nieke J Itten K I Kaiser J W Schl pfer D Brazile J Debruyn W Meuleman K Kempeneers P B Neukom A Feusi H Adolph P Moser R Schilliger T Quickelberghe M V Alder J Mollet D Vos L D Kohler P Meng M Piesbergen J Strobl P Schaepman M
55. e mode 71 tape8 18 Thermal radiance MODTRAN mode 24 67 70 Thuillier plus Kurucz database 17 Trace gas profile 53 Transmittance 13 22 29 69 MODTRAN mode 11 24 67 71 U Unit conversion 13 14 69 Units 13 14 17 53 58 User requests 7 USS aerosol algortithm 53 USS aerosol option 58 V variables 85 Viewing angle 29 62 Visibility 6 29 30 62 76 Water vapour 62 Wavelength 13 14 17 18 58 78 Wavenumber 13 14 17 writetape4 84
56. e second option high resolution standard MODTRAN 5 settings in the at sensor radiance sim ulator sensor2_demo tp5 this is a copy of the file sensor2 tp5 which is the basis for the third option high resolution DISORT scattering in the at sensor radiance simulator sensor3_demo tp5 this is a copy of the file sensor3 tp5 which is the basis for the fourth option high resolution DISORT scattering correlated k in the at sensor radiance simu lator Please use with care as it requires quite some processing time spectral tp5 calculates radiance using a preset spectral reflectance meadow from the stan dard spectral albedo file 22 Workflow Examples Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples is a scientific workbench which does not rely on one typical use case It contains tools to ease the creation of MODTRAN 5 input tapes and for the extraction and further treat ment of their outputs The typical workflow using the MODO utility depends on the task A be performed It rather supports a broad variety of Pond applications of the MODTRAN 5 code The MODO user interface to MODTRAN 5 is a tool for the forward modeling task which so far has been in use by various expert users Hereafter workflows and examples for sim ulating the at sensor radiance for standard remote sensing situations and other typical use cases are explained The software contains a complete operational MODTRAN
57. e5 casel tp6 Primary output file tape6 e casel tp7 Spectral plotting output file tape7 casel tp8 Auxiliary spectral data output file tape8 e 1 75 casel tp7 convolved with scanning function tape7 scn e casel 7sr Scratch file tape7 scr e casel acd Atmospheric correction parameters e casel plt Two column spectral data output file pltout e casel psc casel plt convolved with scanning function pltout scn e casel clr Spectral cooling rate data output file clrates e casel chn Spectral data convolved with channel response functions channels out e casel flx Spectral diffuse and direct flux values at each atmospheric level specflux MODTRAN 5 is controlled by a single input file tape5 or rootname tp5 which consists of a sequence of six or more CARDS inputs lines The input formats are summarized in Table 4 1 Except when specifying file names character inputs are case insensitive Also blanks are read as zeroes for numerical inputs and as default values otherwise Please check the MODTRAN 5 manual for a detailed description of these parameters Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 Table 4 1 Listing of CARDs and their format Optional cards are marked with CARD Input Line s Format CARD 1 MODTRN SPEED MODEL ITYPE IEMSCT IMULT M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 MDEF IM NOPRNT TPTEMP SURREF FORMAT 2A1 I3 1215 F8 3 A7 CARD 1A DIS DI
58. ection parameters Inputs Calculation type this is mainly a matter of accuracy 15cm 1 standard calculations are usu ally sufficient for most optical instruments The 1 cm 1 resolution is only required for high spectral resolution spectrometers whereas the considerable slower Correlated K option improves the accuracy specifically in absorption bands Atmospheric model and the optional water vapor amount are mainly driving the accuracy of the water vapor correction in the outputs whereas the aerosol model and the horizontal visibility or optical thickness if a negative number is given 63 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide The geometry section allows to enter the standard geometric situation for an image scene Note that the simple atmospheric correction as implemented herein does not allow for varying parameters within an image thus the average value per scene is to be entered here As for the sensor definition the appropriate sensor response file series has to be selected The correct number of bands is displayed automatically when the sensor is recognized Actions Export Tape5 instead of running the whole thing the created tape5 may be stored for future reference or to be used with other MODO modules Calculate Makes a copy of a standard tape5 which can be found in the bin directory changes its parameters and starts MODTRAN The relevant parameters for atmospheric correction are then calculated an
59. ed in the lowest line and is close to the observed visibility Calculate Visibility Estimate meterological range and visibility Koschmieder Enter total vertical optical thickness at 550nm Enter aerosol layer thickness km 2 4 Modtran Visibility Meterological Range 39 1 km Observer Visibility 30 1 km Transmittance 0 82 WHO Visibility Meterological Range 30 0 km HELP DONE Figure 4 27 Visibility calculator with input and output fields CONVOLUTION The task Convolution returns the parameters to convolve external data to imaging spec trometry data X Convolution Input Select Spectral Input File nomen dodermat src idl nodo_v3 DATA 080804_D_inttrans0 Select Sensors Response File Vraid ssL scFtuare nodo vi sensor resp chris chris 1 amp bands s Channels from 20 to 18 1 Tone Figure 4 28 The widget Convolution Input Inputs Input filename and path The required format is a spectral ASCII File as created by the modex or the appfal procedure gt Modtran Extract Spectra P99 or gt Modtran Append Spec tra 7 lt with the first column containing wavelength in nm and the data in the second 77 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide column Response Function given by one single file containing three columns Channel Number Central Wavelength nm FWHM file of each channel nm both as single
60. em Each MODO window interface has its own help text which can be displayed by the corre sponding Help Buttons compare Section 4 8 on Page 82 The official MODTRAN 5 manual can be browsed with the command gt Help Browse MODT RAN Manual P93 command It is located as PDF file Modtran Manual pdf within the MODO installation please open directly if it does not open from the menu An in depth description of some aspects of MODTRAN is included in the file MODTRAN_Report pdf included in the DVD distribution of MODO Text Editing Any ASCII formatted data file or description may be edited directly through the MODO built in small text editor see Figure 4 2 The editing tool is a convenient way to browse and edit ASCII files on the current working directory e g to look at an ENVI Header or at some ASCII auxiliary data but also to check auxiliary data streams X homej rsl1 dodermat text editor txt File Help Use MODO s text editor to view edit save and print ASCII 5 files while working in MODO Print Setup Print LS 1 Figure 4 2 Menu tasks of the MODO text editor Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 Actions Save Save changes to the file Save As Saves the file to a different name Print Setup Sets up the printer depending on your operating system Print Prints the file one page per print job This may cause problems for large files since your printer queue ma
61. er 1 Aerosol Layer 2 Aerosol Layer 3 Aerosol Layer 4 cd2d2 replicate CARD2D2 varspc 0 0 extc 0 0 absc 0 0 asym 0 0 4 200 2 1 dblarr 4 50 amp cd2e2 dblarr 7 50 cd2e2a CARD2E2 alt cfile cldtyp cirtyp Card 3 cd3 CARD3 gen h1 100 0 h2 0 0 angle 180 0 cd3 CARD3 gen2 range 0 beta 0 r0 0 lenn 0 phi 0 cd3alt CARD3 alt iday 0 r0 0 isourc 0 anglem 0 cd3al CARD3A1 iparm 1 0 iph 2 0 iday 180 isourc 0 cd3a2 CARD3A2 parml 47 2 parm2 351 5 parm3 0 parm4 0 time 12 0 psipo 0 anglem 0 G 0 cd3b1 CARD3B1 nangls 0 cd3b2 fltarr 5 50 Card 4 cd4 card4 v1 4000d v2 25000d dv 15d fwhm 20d yflag xflag W dlimit next flags AA cd4a card4a nsurf 1 aatemp 1 dh20 0 mltrfl F cd4b replicate card4b cbrdf nwvsrf 0 0 surfzn 0 0 surfaz 0 0 2 cd4b3 fltarr 6 3000 2 cd4l card41 salbfl mfile spec alb csalbl 3 csalb2 3 cd5 0 87 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 88 MODO 4 References References Anderson G P and Hall L A 1998 Solar irradiance between 2000 3100 Angstroms with spectral band pass of 1 Angstroms J Geophys Res 94D 6435 6441 Berk A Bernsten L S and Robertson D C 1989 MODTRAN A Moderate Resolution Model for LOWTRANT Air Force Geophysics Laboratory Hanscom AFB MA GL TR 89 0122 pp 38 Berk A Bernstein L S Ander
62. esponse Standard response files rsp or spc can be selected By default the MODO response functions collection is provided rsp one file per band explicite response files are selected automatically in a sequence spc one file per sensor gaussian response assumption Channels Bands Enter first and last band of channel range to be plotted Normalization of Response Normalize the response to their area or to their maximum during convolution the normalization does not influcence the results Actions Plot Plots the selected response function curves 44 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 SAVE STATUS This function allows to save the current status of the internal MODO variables to a status file which is an IDL binary dump This may be useful for later recovery and documentation of your workflow procedure RESTORE STATUS This brings you back to an earlier status of processing by restoring a MODO status file Attention Only metadata such as file names and some of the settings are restored MODO does not keep track of the full situation STOP If MODO is started from a full IDL installation this function allows to stop its execution and brings you back to the IDL prompt All internal variables are available at this stage and it would be possible to access them and change them within IDL use the IDL help function for an over view of the available variables See detailed description
63. est pos sible accuracy Atmosphere Select the following atmospheric settings Model Defines the profile of the atmosphere standard profiles Output mode Defines the type of output you need The procedures always selects the total values For components only please use the function gt Modtran Setup Taped and Run 2 60 Gases Set the amount of gases For H 0 and 03 you enter either the scaling relative to the default values in the atmospheric models a value of 1 0 amounts for the default values compare Section 2 4 2 or you enter the absolute columnar amount in g cm using a preceding letter g directly followed by the value Aerosol Enter the aerosol model and the respective visibility Surface Reflectance and Temperature of the ground is entered Selecting gt Spectrum lt or Lambert allows to select from the currently available background reflectance spectra as described in Section 4 1 4 on Page 37 and Section 4 1 5 on Page 38 respectively Geometry Sensor and Sun geometric parameters define the external geometric situation Use the angle calculator if the angles are not known Sensor Spectral response of the sensor output the MODTRAN 5 run is setup such that it covers the range between the first and the last spectral band of a sensor The output is convolved to the selected bands after operation Actions e Export Tape5 Instead of running the whole thing the created tape5 may be stored
64. f these files is very sensitive and requires experience with the code This also bears the danger of intro ducing errors in at sensor data simulations The interface is based on the IDL 14 programming language which has been established as well adopted standard for hyperspectral image processing The design has been optimized for research applications and thus does not support high degrees of automatism avoiding black box mechanisms The MODO concept as shown in Figure 2 1 is based on the standard distri bution of MODTRAN 5 by interfacing with the inputs tp5 and spec_alb dat and evalu ating the outputs tp7 and One core interface function of the procedure is the tape5 editor window gt Modtran Setup 5 and Run P992 Tt allows to set most of the input parameters using pull down menus instead of manually editing the rigidly formatted ASCII file Logics within the tape5 are considered such that if e g the transmittance mode has been selected it is not possible to set the irradiance source options Sub interfaces will pop up for supported special functions such as the import of user defined atmospheres the selection of the surface reflectance or the definition of the four standard aerosol layers The interface is grouped in the same way as in the original tape5 to be consistent with the documentation as provided with MODTRAN 5 If one or more param eters shall be varied the setup of multiple run tape5s
65. for future reference Calculate Makes a copy of a standard tape5 which can be found in the bin directory changes its parameters and starts MODTRAN Convolution is done automatically to the extracted main column output Output Standard ASCII file 62 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 ATMO COR PARAMETERS For a simple atmospheric correction as described in Section 3 6 on Page 32 the atmospheric parameters need to be calculated for a specific remote sensing situation The respective param eters are to be calculated in advance AAA Atmospheric Correction Parameters Calculation Options Low Res 15 cm 1 w Standard 1 cm 1 Standard with C K Model Hidlatitude Summer Gases C02 ppm 255 00 H20 scaling 7 s g cm2 o 03 scaling a g cn2 i Aerosols Rural Extinction V 23km Horizontal Visibility km Opt Thickness 18 0000 Boundary Layer Temperature K 233 150 Sensor Altitude km 3 000 Ground Altitude km 0 474 Sensor Zenith Nadir 180 deg 180 000 Day number of the year 180 Sun Zenith Angle 39 0000 Sight Sun Azimuth Angle deg 126 000 Select Sensors Response File s Verc idl modo v4 sensor resp hunap hunap 03 Channels Bands from 20 i to azs Define Output File Name Vsrc idl atcor atcor A demo data vord deno hunap acd txt Help Export Tone Figure 4 18 Preparation of atmospheric corr
66. gle 8 030304_D_int 000 111111AZ0 2 Single 8 030304_D_int 001 111111870 1 4 Single 8 030304_D_int 003 111111AZ0 5 Single 8 030204 D int 004 111111AZ0 6 Single 8 030304 D int 005 111111020 7 Single 8 020304 D int 006 111111871 8 Single 8 020304 D int 007 111111871 1 9 Single 8 030204 D int 008 111111471 M Number of items selected F Add Faroe Select an OK Cancel Figure 4 11 The widget Select Spectra 48 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 EXPORT SPECTRA This routine is used to export spectral data to a spectral library An ENVI spectral library file sl slb can be created out of columnar ASCII file labels on top first column contains wavelength reference in nm microns The procedure automatically detects which filetype is provided It also looks for the wavelength reference and converts to microns if nanometers are provided in the first column Actions Select Selects ASCII spectral data columnar file Define Defines name of output spectral library Export Creates a spectral library out of the ASCII data LABELS AND COLUMNS Use this task to delete columns of spectral files and change the naming of the columns Figure 4 12 shows how the column named Value is renamed by setting the column number to 2 and entering the new column name in the field Label value Cho
67. ground Information Solar Zenith Angle Sensor Zenith H1 H2 Sight Sun Angle Figure 2 2 Geometric conventions used in the MODTRAN 5 code and MODO inter 2 4 2 Standard Atmospheres The total water vapor column in the atmosphere varies strongly worldwide It ranges from almost zero at high altitude stations and in polar regions and up to 4 cm in tropical climates The single standard atmospheres given in the radiative transfer codes represent a wide variety of water vapor content which is given in Table 2 3 This standard situations have to be used for radiance simulations if no in situ values are available Water Ozone Ground Ground Atmosphere Vapor column Pressure Temp kg m g m hPa Tropical 41 98 5 43 1013 0 26 85 Midlatitude Summer 29 82 6 95 1013 0 20 85 Subarctic Summer 21 20 7 50 1010 0 13 85 US Standard 14 39 7 48 1013 0 14 95 Table 2 3 Integral characteristics of the McClatchey standard atmospheres as stored in MOD TRAN 5 20 Background Information Chapter 2 Atmosphere Midlatitude Winter Vapor 8 67 column hPa 8 64 Ground Pressure 1018 0 Ground Temp C 0 95 Subarctic Winter Table 2 3 4 23 TRAN 5 2 5 Demo Data 10 40 1013 0 16 05 Integral characteristics of the McClatchey standard atmospheres as stored in MOD The main purpose of the demo data that comes with MODO is to help
68. he spectral albedos should not be less than 0 or greater than 16 e The first 80 characters each line are read in The variable CSALB in CARD 412 defines the number or name associated with a spectral albedo curve from the file There are currently 46 spectral albedo curves available in the default spectral albedo file DATA spec alb dat Also note that the file DATA spec_alb dat has to be overwritten in order to use different spec tra than the standard selection Outputs The standard MODTRAN 5 output files tape6 tape7 and tape8 are described in gt Modt ran Setup Tape5 and Run P1 MODO generates additional outputs mostly in columnar ASCII format Edit Import Spectra 7 The imported data is written to file with the input file s header information marked out with exclamation marks If multiple spectra are selected the spec tra are vertically listed one after another with their specifications in a title row followed by two columns containing reference wavelengths and radiance or reflectance values This for mat is not suitable as input for gt File Quick Plot 4 lt or gt Edit Labels and Columns 49 lt as they require an input with horizontally stored value columns referring to the same refer Background Information Chapter 2 ence wavelength column Use gt File Edit Textfile P and gt Modtran Append Spectra P 73 lt to produce ASCII files containing multiple spectra listed horizonta
69. how the transmittance runs do not include all effects of multiple scattering on the path It is thus preferred to use radiance simulations under well known atmospheric parameter variations for realistic results At sensor radiance values are then evaluated with respect to the variation of atmospheric parameters available within MODT RAN 5 such as the visibility cirrus or cloud coverage humidity and ozone content or with respect to geometric constraints such as sensor altitude ground altitude sun zenith angle or sensor zenith angle MODTRAN 4 Transmittance 1 0 PST eee if F 0 6 wo v 5 5 E 04 Tota eem H2O F see CO2 O E wem 03 0 2 Trace Gases L 2 continuum 4 H20 Continuum MEN Scat 4 i Hydr 0 0 S Lu REN WE 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Wavelength nm M2 H1 100 00 H2 0 00 IHAZE 1 ANGLE 180 0 VIS 23 0 Figure 3 5 Simulation of atmospheric transmittance using the direct transmittance calcula tion Standard MODO output Such variations may be combined for building LUTs for atmospheric correction as it has been done within the ATCOR programs 25 28 The MODO interface does not support directly the construction of such look up tables but its internal functionality can be used to ease their creation 29 Chapter 3 Workflow Examples 3 4 Simulation of Sensititivity Series 30 For sensitivity analy
70. ies of Std Atmospheres w View Zenith Angle Ground Altitude wv Water Vapor PARML Sun Zenith Angle w Surface Reflectance Parameter Series Comma Separated Number of the Column to Be Extracted Default 1 Select Sensors Response File s raid sgl software modo_v3 sensor_resp aviris aviris_03 spc Define Output File mod_series txt Help Tone E IL Figure 4 19 The input widget for MODTRAN 5 parameter series Sensor Response Allows direct convolution of the outputs to a sensor of choice if empty no convolution is performed Output name Guess Actions Run Series A multiple run 5 is created and MODTRAN 5 is started The selected column is then extracted automatically and convolved to the sensor The intermediate MODTRAN 5 files are deleted after execution REFLECTANCE SERIES The calculation of series of reflectances is a task often used for sensitivity analysis but also for the creation of LUTs for atmospheric processing MODO allows the automatic creation and calculation of such series on the basis of a standard tape5 using an ENVI spectral library 65 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide IOO X Create MODTRAN Reflectance Series Select Standard standard tp5 select Spectral Library Filet surface veg slbi Number of the Column to Be Extracted Default 1 select Sensors
71. ions are supplied with MODTRAN MODO comes with additional sensor response data for a broad range of sensors which are stored in the directory sensor_resp However the response files provided with MODO use a different file format than Modtran For more detailed information on sensor response file formats see gt Analyze Plot Response Function P 44 lt 17 Chapter 2 Background Information 2 3 4 2 3 5 Surface Reflectance Files The variable SALBFL in CARD 411 contains the name of the input data file being used to define the spectral albedo The default spectral albedo file DATA spec alb dat may be used or user supplied file If a user supplied file is specified it must conform the following criteria which are stated in the original DATA spec_alb dat Lines beginning with an exclamation mark are ignored Comments after an exclamation mark are also ignored Each surface is defined by a positive integer label a surface name and its spectral data The integer label and surface name must appear as a pair on a header line with the integer label followed by a blank Header lines must not include a decimal point before an exclamation mark and spectral data must include a decimal point Spectral data is entered with one wavelength in microns and one spectral albedo per line separated by one or more blanks The spectral wavelengths for each surface type must be entered in increasing order T
72. lean up strange settings 4 2 Menu File This chapter describes all functions available in the menu File as shown in Figure 4 6 X MODO File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate Show Textfile Display File Quick Plot Plot Response Function Version 5 Save Status k MODTRAN R for remote sensing and Delete Tapes radiative transfer specialists Reset Session Eran Eder ris Development maintenance and support Show Settings ReSe fipplications Schlaepfer Stop Langegqueg 3 Quit 9500 Wil SWITZERLAND I zk infoBrese ch Figure 4 6 The menu File SHOW TEXTFILE 42 This tool is a convenient way to browse any ASCII file on the current working directory e g to look at an ENVI Header or at some ASCII auxiliary data The file is displayed directly in the MODO main window and may be updated through the button Reload Text File at the button of the window This tool is convenient to monitor the development of a MODT Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 RAN 5 runor for debugging purposes of faulty tape5s display for that purpose See detailed description about text editing in Section 4 1 3 on Page 36 DISPLAY ENVI FILE This is a standard method to display
73. lly gt Edit Labels and Columns lt The output ASCII file has the same row column format as it is displayed in the editing widget There are no comments marked out but only one title row containing the column labels The radiance or reflectance values for each spectrum are listed horizontally all referring to the same reference wavelength in the first column The output can be plotted in gt File Quick Plot P 4 e gt Modtran Extract Spectra P99 The output ASCII file has the same row column format as outputs from gt Edit Labels and Columns P49 lt There no comments marked out but only one title row containing the column labels The radiance or transmittance values for each spectrum are listed horizontally all referring to the same reference wavelength in the first column The output can be plotted in gt File Quick Plot P 44 lt gt Modtran Append Spectra 73 lt The output ASCII file has the same row column format as outputs from gt Edit Labels and Columns P49 lt There are no comments marked out but only one title row containing the column labels The radiance or reflectance values for each spectrum are listed horizontally all referring to the same reference wavelength in the first column The output can be plotted in gt File Quick Plot P 44 lt 2 4 Common Elements 2 4 1 Geometry The geometric conventions for the standard angles used in MODTRAN 5 are given in Figure 2 2 19 Chapter 2 Back
74. nap acd tx Reflectance Scale 2 ii Solar Zenith deg 3 000000 Def in Output File Name erc idl atcor atcor deno data vord deno hupap saco bed Help Tone 4 ZA Figure 4 30 The Simple Atmospheric Correction Tool SACO Reflectance scale scaling factor to be applied to the reflectance output in scale lower or equal to 1 datyp 4 32bit floating point scale lower 10 datyp 1 8bit byte scale equals 10 and is lower 500 datyp 2 16bit integer scale greater or equal 500 THEN datyp 12 16bit unsigned integer Solar Zenith average solar zenith angle in degrees to be applied with the data This value should be the same as used to create the atmospheric correction parameters Output An ENVI file is created which contains the apparent spectral albedo of the ground which is indeed a directional reflectance quantity SPECTRAL UNMIXING This task calculates standard linear spectral unmixing and spectral angle between spectra and endmembers 80 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 AAA X Spectral Unmixing Tool Select Input Spectral File Yhome rsli dodermat src idl modo v3 demo data spec lib deciduous forest txt Select Endmember File Yhone rsli dodermat src idl modo v3 demo data spec lib endmembers txt Spectral Angle SAM wv Linear Spectral Unmixing Calculation Endmember Spectral Angle w Unmixing with Shadow Define Output File Mame sam txt Hel
75. ns in the manual Menu commands are given as gt File Restore Status P 9 with a link to the description page Batch routines and calls on the IDL prompt are written in monotype e g modo norun A Please read the warning texts which are marked by warning sings on the side bars carefully 1 6 Installation of the MODO Software The distribution of MODO includes platform specific MODTRAN 5 exectuables com piled from the original MODTRAN 5 code and compatible to all current operating systems Solaris Linux MacOSX Windows The system requirements are IDL 7 0 or higher or the free IDL Virtual Machine ITT Vis Solaris Linux x86 MacOSX Intel or Windows 64 32 bit operating system High processing power for MODTRAN 5 runs Screen size at least 1024x768 pixels 1 2 GB free disk space Introduction Chapter 1 The MODO application installer is available from www rese ch download html If you don t have access to an official IDL license the IDL Virtual Machine is available as free distribution directly from ITTVIS through www ittvis com idlvm The MODO installation process is as follows 1 Install the IDL virtual machine following the installation instructions provided by RSI this step is void if you have IDL IDL VM or ENVI developer installed 2 Double click the file modo installer sav on Windows or enter on Unix Linux MacOSX idl vm modo installer sav 3 Please follow the instructions as displa
76. oe dieere te Yr qudd Menu Edit uic e A a co ede se de M e ea aves EAE p cue veneer saves Menu MODTRANSC 5 Setting a en Menu MOTRA N OI mM EE IMs Menu Analyze ee t pe tenente anii Menu Calculate ne Re S TE eshte Menu Batch 4 9 1 Batch Commands for IDL 4 9 2 Internal Data eh TE RUN i eas semen Dani eae ned Help System ze prt e rv Soran Salina nate cepto ER oreet rV VI cud I Per MEER Text H Selecting Albedo Spectra rr o eee de er eia ya a e VAN RR E eee ent Selecting Lambertian Albedo Spectra Plotting Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 1 1 1 Goals Introduction The radiative transfer code MODTRAN 5 2 3 has been established as de facto standard for the simulation of imaging spectrometry data and for quantitative modelling of the signal at the sensor level The original interface of MODTRAN 5 consisting of ASCII file based inputs leads often to misunderstandings and mistakes in such analyses Many frequent users of MODTRAN 5 has therefore some tools available to ease the setup of the inputs MODO is a MODTRAN 5 interface implemented by Applications Schlapfer starting in 1996 under initial support of
77. on program as it does not consider any in image variations of the radiometric conditions Noimport functions for user defined aerosol phase functions and standard radiosonde pro files are available 1 4 Future Extensions The MODO application is under continuous improvement The following features are options to be potentially included in future versions of the software depending on demand Support for BRDF input nput of standard radiosonde profiles Input of MISR aerosol models Sun photometer data analysis Such features are implemented based on specific requests of licensed end users Please contact ReSe if you have new ideas or wishes to the software or if you d like to contribute suited IDL based tools to be included in the processing system Chapter 1 Introduction 1 5 Organisation of this Manual This manual is organized as follows This Chapter Introduction The second Chapter Background Information gives some explanations about specifics of the MODO application The Chapter Workflow Examples gives guidelines how to work with MODO interac tively It summarizes tips for working with standard sensor data and how to deal with spe cial cases The Chapter Functions Reference Guide describes every function of the MODO user interface and the usage of the interface functions Finally the bibliographic references as well as an index of topics can be found in the Appendix Some conventio
78. or future use After setting al parameters MODTRAN 5 is invoked directly or the tape is to the MODTRAN 5 directory Maybe this leads to a good end and a MODTRAN 5 output is now created After the surface reflectance has been defined the various parameters need to be set in the tape5 window One may choose to vary certain parameters and create a multiple run tape5 At this point additional knowledge of the geometric and meteorologic ae to be simulated is required Furthermore some comprehension of the MODTRAN 5 functionality helps to create inputs to MODTRAN 5 making physical sense MODTRAN 5 can be run afterwards in one of its four major modes which are radiance transmittance solar irradiance or thermal radiance Depending on the settings for the DIS ORT option and the wavelength resolution such runs may be very time consuming for the radiance mode The first run in the standard output tape7 or in the optionally created flx file may be plotted directly afterwards for quick visualization of the outputs Inputs gt Edit Import i a p 47 lt Imports external reflectance spectra and converts them to the MODTRAN 5 internal data format such as foreseen in spec_alb dat which may be accessed for simulations Functions gt Edit Labels and Columns P Changes the labels of the single spectra and deletes columns in spectral ASCII files gt Modtran Run from Taped 6 lt This function allows
79. ose Delete Column to delete the respective column AAA X Edit Column Labels or Delete Columns Selected File home rsli dodermat src idl modo v3 demo data spec lib atcor RSCII wel agricultur alfalfa asphalt asphalt con asphalt dar b 0 300000 0 00175003 0 000433788 0 152263 0 121806 0 0913614 0 301000 0 00187502 0 000575542 0 152310 0 121864 0 0913850 0 302000 0 00200003 0 000711298 0 152351 0 121921 0 0914105 0 303000 0 00212502 0 000847051 0 152332 0 121978 0 0914351 0 304000 0 00225003 0 000982808 0 152433 0 122036 0 0914597 0 305000 0 00237502 0 00111856 0 152474 0 122084 0 0914842 0 306000 0 00250003 0 00125432 0 152515 0 122151 0 0915098 0 307000 0 00262503 0 00139007 0 152556 0 122209 0 0915334 0 308000 0 00275002 0 00152582 0 152537 0 122266 0 0915580 4 4 EE Label value Column Number Help Save Changes Tone Figure 4 12 Editing spectral files with the function Edit Column Labels or Delete Columns Outputs 49 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide A file of the same reference containing this in the first column and the values in the follow ing columns is returned Restrictions The selected input file should be of spectral ASCII format one title row with the labels first column reference Don t use more than 11 characters per column name at least two spaces should be left between two names 50 Functions Reference
80. outputs Output Unit ISAAC DISORT Total Transmittance 2 2 Path Thermal Radiance Wim srnm 3 3 Path Thermal Scattered W m sr nm 4 Surface Emission W m sr nm 5 4 Path scattered Radiance total W m sr nm 6 5 Path scattered Radiance singlesc W m sr nm 7 6 Total ground reflected Radiance W m sr nm 8 7 Ground reflected Radiance direct W m sr nm 9 8 Total Radiance at the Sensor W m sr nm 10 9 Reference Solar Radiance W m sr nm 11 10 Reference Solar at Observer W m sr nm 12 11 Optical Depth 13 12 Direct Emission 14 13 Top of Atmosphere Sun W m nm 15 14 BlackBody Temperature K 16 15 Thermal Radiance from MODTRAN 5 tape7 created in thermal radiance mode 8 columns are created they are listed in Table 4 3 Table 4 3 Columnar format of the thermal radiances in ISAAC and DISORT outputs Output Unit ISAAC DISORT Total Transmittance 2 2 Path Thermal Radiance W m sr nm 3 3 Path Thermal Scattered W m sr nm 4 Surface Emission W m sr nm 5 4 Total ground reflected Radiance W m sr nm 6 Total Radiance at the Sensor W m sr nm 7 6 70 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 Table 4 3 Columnar format of the thermal radiances in ISAAC and DISORT outputs Output Unit ISAAC DISORT Optical Depth 8 7 Direct Emission 9 8 BlackBody Temperature K 10 9 e Solar Irradiance From a MODTR
81. p Calculage Tone Figure 4 31 The Spectral Unmixing Tool Inputs Spectral File Columnar ASCII file containg the data to be unmixed First column should be the wavelength reference any number of columns is allowed Endmember File Columnar ASCII file containg wavelength reference and endmembers for unmixing It needs the same number of bands spectral samples as the input spectral file Calculation Type Spectral Angle Standard spectral angle calculation SAM Endmember Spectral Angle Not yet fully implemented variation of SAM Linear Spectral Unmixing Standard unconstrained linear unmixing using singular value decomposition Unmixing with Shadow Same as above but adding an artificial shadow endmember which accounts for the brightness of a spectrum The shadow endmember has a con stant value of 196 of the maximum value of all other endmembers Output An ASCII file is created with abundances angles for each endmember Each row of the file cor responds to one endmember Shadow is the last endmember if this option is chosen 2nd last row The residual error estimate is given fo the unmixing results in the last row in units of the original spectrum 81 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide OWN ROUTINE If you got an own routine which should be accessible through the MODO interface please name it xmod_routine pro and make it accessible compiled through IDL It then will
82. parated nm 0 9 5 0 4 Help Calculate Shifted Convolution Tone Figure 4 29 Shifttest Convolution Window Actions A series of convolutions is performed on the data with spectral shifts as given in the shifts field The outputs for both wavelength and data value are written to a new text file for further anal yses SIMPLE ATMO COR This tool allows a simplified atmospheric correction i e inversion of calibrated at sensor radi ance values of a remote sensing system to apparent surface albedo values It uses the parame ters as calculated with Modtran Atmo Cor Parameters 63 Inputs ENVI File Standard ENVI TM file consisting of a raw binary data in band sequential BSQ data format and an ASCII hdr file containing the required Meta data Calibration File cal file as used with the ATCOR atmospheric correction package con tains the parameters and cl for linear conversion of image DN s to at sensor radiance Atmospheric Correction Data select the file as created with the MODO function Modt ran Atmo Cor Parameters 63 79 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 00 N SACO Simple Atmospheric Correction Select Input ENYI File BSQ erc idl atcor atcor 4 deno data vord deno hunap aeo bsd Select Calibration File ATCOR src idl atcor atcor 4 demo data vord demo hymap04 Final cali Select Atmospheric Corr Data erc idl atcor atcor 4 deno data vord deno hu
83. ported The novam and the USS aerosol algortithms are not supported It is not possible to edit user defined aerosol phase functions CARD 3B1 3B2 3C1 3C6 Support for BRDF models is not yet given CARD 4B1 4B3 Special features and hints Self defined background reflectance spectra can be defined in the file named spec_alb dat in the DATA directory use them with number in the Albedo field Alternatively you may choose the gt Spectr lt or the gt LAMBER lt option from the dropdown menu Albedo as described in Section 4 1 4 on Page 37 and Section 4 1 5 on Page 38 respec tively Switches which require additional non implemented CARDS are bracketed by gt xx lt whereas implemented features are given as gt xx lt Own atmospheres can be defined using the Define button The x unit switch directly calculates appropriate ranges in CARD 4 All units different from cm will cause a convolved tape7 sc output It is recommended to calculate the results in cm and use the data extraction tools afterwards for conversion to nanometers or microns Widgets are switched following the settings of individual menu points But no logical tests are performed you still are allowed to make mistakes Input Data Format This Section on the MODTRAN 5 tape5 format is taken from Section 2 Overview of Input Data Format of the original MODTRAN 5 user s manual 2 An attempt has
84. rdant CK data file is hardwired to DATA CORK05 BIN 15 2008 The 15 band model allows fastest short wave calculations The name of the accordant CK data file is hardwired to DATA CORK15 BIN In MODO s MODTRAN 5 base widget described in gt Modtran Setup 5 and Run P 60 lt the alternative band models described above are selected by switching 1 cm Standard in the second frame to Special Bandmodel When calculating gt Modtran At Sensor Signal pets a choice of band models is available in the first frame Solar Irradiance Spectra If variable LSUNFL in CARD 1A is set to F or left blank a default solar reference based on Kurucz data is selected The spectral resolution is adapted to the selected band model file If variable LSUNFL in CARD 1A is set to T USRSUN in CARD 1A1 is used to define the top of atmosphere TOA solar irradiance database If a number is set the file is selected according to Table 2 2 The solar databases provided by MODTRAN 5 are obtained from various sources 1 6 7 17 18 19 20 39 40 43 Background Information Chapter 2 2 3 3 Table 2 2 Listing of solar irradiance databases defined by SUNFL2 LSUNFL values Solar irradiance database 1 The corrected Kurucz database is used DATA SUNO1 kurucz2005 dat 2 The Chance database is used DATA SUNO1chkur dat 3 The Cebula plus Chance data are used DAT
85. rsion Choose conversion if required only If you extract your data from tape7 sc 7sc no conversion may be appropriate if micron or nanmometer units were chosen in CARD 4 Never choose conversion for transmittance optical thickness values since they are unitless All calculations are principally made in to nm Attention Radiance data are converted to the unit W m sr nm Irradiance solar flux data are converted to W m nm and all calculations are principally made in to nm Number of the column s to be extracted Enter a number or extract certain columns out of the file by listing their numbers divided by a The numbers of the columns to be extracted depend on the type of the Input MOD4 File see below for the numbers Col umns are numbered starting with 1 Extract Spectra Extracts the selected columns from tape7 and writes them to a simple columnar ASCII file One file per MODTRAN 5 run is written Extract amp Append Same as Extract but appends the created files to one single columnar 69 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide ASCII file This requires to have the same reference wavelengths for all runs Radiance Mode for a MODTRAN 5 tape7 created in radiance mode the output is slightly different wheter the ISAAC multiple scattering calculations are chosen or the DIS ORT algorithm All cases are listed in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 Columnar format of the radiances in ISAAC and DISORT
86. ry I Year 119899 Month 6 Day iss Hour GHT Minute 0 0 Longitude East 11 30 Latitude North 48 12 degree RESULTS Solar Azimuth 171 3 Solar Elevation 65 1 Solar Zenith 24 9 degree Solar Azimuth North 0 East 90 Solar Elevation sunrise 0 Solar Zenith sunrise 90 1 Day of Year 170 Help Io Calculation Tone Iere Figure 4 26 Solar angle calculator with input and output fields METEOROLOGICAL RANGE 76 The function Calculate Visibility see Figure 4 27 estimates the meteorological range visibil ity as used with MODTRAN 5 from vertical optical thickness using Koschmieder equation which is 3 912 ext range 4 1 where ext ist the extinction coefficient at 550 nm By default it is assumed that a layer of 1 km thickness is relevant for the whole vertical aerosol load For this case the extinction coefficient is of the same value as the optical thickness The parameter aerosol layer thickness lets you enter another layer corresponding to the aerosol ver tical optical thickness The meteorological range is related to the observed visibility vis through range 1 3 0 3vis 4 2 Newer WMO recommendations tend towards an updated Koschmieder constant with Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 2 996 ext range 4 3 This value is display
87. s described in detail in Section 4 4 on Page 51 X MODO File Edit Modtran Analyze Calculate Setup Tape5 and Run Run from TapeS At Sensor Signal Atmo Cor Parameters MODO Version 5 k Parameter Series Reflectance Series MODTRAN R for remote sensing and radiative transfer specialists Figure 4 16 The menu MODTRAN 5 SETUP TAPE5 AND RUN See prior Section 4 4 on Page 51 RUN FROM 5 If you have defined and saved tape5 in gt Modtran Setup 5 and Run P90 earlier you may want to run MODTRAN 5 right away 60 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 AT SENSOR SIGNAL The widget Streamlined sensor simulation through MODTRAN allows you to simulate a spe cific at sensor radiance signal using the major remote sensing relevant parameters 000 At Sensor Radiance Simulator Calculation Type Low Res 15cm 1 w High Res 1 1 w High Res with DISORT w High Res with DISORT and C K Model Midlatitude Summer Output Mode Full Radiance Gases C02 ppm 5 000 H20 scaling g g cn2 03 scaling glg cm2 i Aerosols Rural Extinction V 23km Horizontal Visibility km 23 0000 gt Spectrum lt Reflectance Value ID E Ds Boundary Layer Temperature K 293 150 Sensor Altitude km 100 000 Ground Altitude km 0 00000 Sensor Zenith Nadir 180 deg 480 000 Day number of the year Sun Zenith Angle
88. sing Laboratories RSL 5 ReSe Applications Schlapfer 5 Resolution 27 Band model 15 16 24 61 Sensor 14 15 31 Response function 14 17 25 32 54 78 Plot 44 run_mod4 84 5 56 21 Sampling interval 31 Sensititivity analysis series 30 Sensitivity analysis series 64 65 SENSOR 32 Sensor 62 Altitude 29 30 Evaluation 31 Response function 17 24 27 44 62 65 66 Response library 31 Response viewer 44 sensor0 tp5 22 sensorl tp5 22 sensor2 tp5 22 sensor3 tp5 22 Simulation 31 61 Viewing angle 29 62 Shadow endmember 81 Shifttest convolution 78 Simulation series 25 Solar angle 6 12 29 62 75 Solar database 16 Cebula plus Chance 17 Chance 17 95 Index 96 Kurucz 17 Thuillier plus Kurrucz 17 Solar flux 11 Extraction 6 flux tp5 22 MODTRAN mode 71 Plotting 12 25 68 Units 69 spec_alb dat 11 18 21 37 Spectral Albedo 18 37 38 Channel shift 25 78 Cooling rate 54 Library 6 12 13 21 25 30 47 49 65 Points 58 Range 22 Resolution 15 16 31 Response 15 32 62 Sampling 31 Spectral Angle Mapper SAM 80 81 Units 17 Unmixing 80 81 Suffix 54 Sunny 75 System requirements 8 T tape5 11 21 54 Editor window 23 Multiple run 24 51 Parameter series 65 Reflectance series 65 66 Setup and run 51 tape6 18 tape7 18 Extract spectra 69 Irradiance 71 Plotting 12 67 Radiance mode 70 Thermal radiance mode 70 Transmittanc
89. sis the workflow is as follows 1 Define a tape5 according to your standard situation use the above described procedure for that task 2 Save the tape5 as basis for further operation 3 Use one of the following functions and select the created tape5 as basis gt Modtran Parameter Series 64 lt For sensitivity analysis a tape5 can be used as a basis to create series of spectra while changing one parameter systematically gt Modtran Reflectance Series 95 Analogous to the above function a spectral library can be taken as series input for a simulation here 4 Export the results for further analysis Sensitivity analysis usually requires the creation of series of radiative transfer calculations where one specific parameter under question is varied systematically A dedicated tool for this task is therefore of common interest triggering MODTRAN 5 to perform a number of calculations at once The MODTRAN 5 output is then parsed for the searched radiance or irradiance transmittance respectively component which leads to a series of outputs compiled in one sin gular output file The respective workflow is given in gt Modtran Parameter Series P9 The parameters currently included are Visibility aerosol optical thickness and aerosol model standard models only Standard atmospheres Gases Water vapor ozone carbon dioxide Geometry Viewing zenith sun zenith relative azimuth Sensor height and ground altitu
90. son G P Acharya P K Robertson D C Chetwynd J H and Adler Golden S M 1998 MODTRAN4 cloud and multiple scattering upgrades with application to AVIRIS Remote Sens Environ 65 367 375 Borner A Schaepman M Schlapfer D Wiest L and Reulke R 1999 The Simulation of APEX Da ta The SENSOR approach Imaging Spectrometry V Denver SPIE Vol 3753 235 246 Cao C Blonsky S Ryan R and Gasser J 1999 Synthetic Scene Generation of the Stennis V amp V Target Range for the Calibration of Remote Sensing Systems ISSR Cebula R Thuillier G Vanhousier R M Hilsenrath E Herse M and Simon P C 1996 Ob servation of the solar irradiance in the 200 350 nm interval during the ATLAS 1 mission_ A comparison of three sets of measurements SSBUV SOLSPEC and SUSIM Geophys Res Lett 23 2289 Chance K and Spurr R J D 1997 Ring effect studies Rayleigh Scattering including molecular pa rameters for rotational raman scattering and the Fraunhofer Spectrum Applied Optics 36 pp 5224 5230 Cooley T W Anderson G Felde G W Hoke M L Ratkowski A J Chetwynd J H Gardner J A Adler Golden S M Matthew M W Berk A Bernstein L S Acharya P K Miller D and Lewis P 2002 FLAASH A MODTRAN4 Based Atmospheric Correction Algorithm Its Ap plication And Validation Proc IGARSS 2002 IEEE Toronto CA Vol Vol IIL pp 1414 1418 Edlen K 1966 The Refractive Index of Air Metrologia 2 12 ENVI
91. sor simulation with a broad collection of response functions for both airborne and spaceborne optical and thermal instruments Helper applications for visibility determination and solar angles calculation Direct online help for each GUI panel and this electronic user manual The MODO interface design is implemented in view of improving the reliability of simula tions for optical remote sensing instruments This end to end solution starts with inclusion and selection of surface reflectance functions from spectral libraries Second the atmospheric Introduction Chapter 1 parameters most critical to the radiative transfer are to be defined and third the components of the at sensor radiance shall be produced directly for specific sensor response functions The pre selection of relevant situation parameters is done on experience in various application area The integration of the given principles has lead to a comprehensive GUI for setting up MODTRANJ 5 runs in an efficient manner 1 3 Limitations MODO has been developed in view of remote sensing data analysis and simulations It is lim ited to the following restrictions MODO isan expert simulation tool which still requires some knowledge about radiative transfer simulation principles e BRDF functionality of MODTRAN 5 is not supported Multi dimensional look up table generation is not easily feasible through the interface MODO is not a fully featured atmospheric correcti
92. ssing accuracy and speed The indicated approximative time is given for the radiance simulation of one hyperspectral standard situation on a 1 5 GHz machine Low resolution 4 seconds High resolution 1 minutes High resolution with DISORT multiple scattering algorithm 5 minutes High resolution with DISORT and correlated k approach 3 4 hours not to be recom mended Despite the differences in speed this four standard options exhibit significant differences of the simulated radiance values specifically within or at the edges of atmospheric absorption fea tures non respresentative example is given in Figure 3 3 where the deviations of the first three methods from the most accurate option is shown Differences inherent to the MODT RAN 5 radiative transfer code are found which are at up to 5 in standard cases but may even be higher when strong absorption is present Furthermore the parameters most often used for simulations have been selected from the stan dard options All cloud options have been omitted as they usually are not required nor desired for imaging spectrometry applications The respective workflow from standard situations to at sensor radiance is depicted in Figure 3 4 It includes the extraction of the at sensor radiance irradiance or transmittance and a convolution to the selected sensor response function The graphical implementation groups the four main inputs to gt Modtran At Sensor Signal
93. tasks Plotting of the spectral output tape7 or solar flux Calculation of solar angles for time and date Save restore of settings Extraction of single spectra from the whole output Parameter and reflectance series simulation Convolution to hyperspectral Gaussian channel characteristics Background Information Chapter 2 Export of radiance spectra to ENVI spectral libraries All these utilities have been developed in support of a flexible handling of the MODTRAN 5 inputs and outputs for a fast simulation of at sensor radiance values They are described in detail in Chapter 4 on Page 35 2 2 Procedures 2 2 1 MODO by itself is only an interface MODTRAN The MODTRAN 5 code has been des ribed in detail elsewhere 2 3 8 whereas a full description is available commercially through www ontar com The functionality which is specific to MODO is related to data extraction and convolution but also the translation of the inputs into human readable graphical ele ments The standard wavenumber reference of MODTRAN 5 is cm In VIS NIR spectrometry and optical remote sensing the standard wavelength reference is nm and therefore some conversion is required MODTRAN 5 by itself also offers a unit conversion and convolution option which is fully independent from the options as implemented within MODO The pro cessing workflow within MODO relies on its own extraction transformation and convolution
94. the owner the United States of America as represented by the United States Air Force Chapter 1 Introduction tape5 or tp5 The subsequent processing of output spectra regarding extraction conversion and plotting can then be done in the same working environment Additional functionalities allow the convenient creation of sensitivity analysis series and the convolution of spectra to hyperspectral band characteristics but also a simplified atmospheric correction routine 1 2 Functionality MODO version 5 includes the following features Import export of MODTRAN 5 tape5 ASCII control files Creation and dealing with multiple run tape5s Editing of own customized atmospheres Import export of ground reflectance spectra including support for adjacency effect Support for ENVI spectral libraries Sensitivity analysis through parameter series Series of reflectance spectra Direct call of MODTRAN 5 for Windows and UNIX Linux OSX Includes original executables of MODTRAN 5 v5 2 0 0 for Windows and MacOSX Linux Solaris2 Extraction of radiance transmittance components from MODTRAN 5 output e g tape7 Extraction of solar flux data from MODTRAN 5 files Plotting of standard MODTRAN 5 outputs tape7 flux Convolution of outputs to hyper gaussian response and multispectral sensor Simplified atmospheric correction SACO routine based on MODTRAN 5 standard atmospheric correction outputs Eased sen
95. to run any user defined input tape5 using MODTRAN The tape5 may be edited externally from MODO which is specifi cally suited if functionality not supported by MODO shall be used gt Modtran At Sensor Signal P91 If at sensor signals shall be simulated in an easy way this function helps to ease the processing workflow MODTRAN 5 is run the selected radi ance transmittance component is extracted and the output is directly convolved to selected sensor characteristics e gt Analyze Extract Spectra P99 Extracts single spectra out of tape7 outputs works also on 24 Workflow Examples Chapter 3 multiple MODTRAN 5 runs have a look at the corresponding help page there gt Modtran Append Spectra 73 Appends spectral ASCII files to one single file gt Calculate Convolution P77 Convolves the MODTRAN 5 spectra even appended ones as many columns as desired hyperspectral channel characteristics A Gaussian shape of the channels response function is assumed for this calculation gt Calculate Shifttest Convolution P To be used if you want to test the impact of a known spectral channel shift on the convolution results Outputs gt File Show Textfile P 2 Prints the whole ASCII output in the utility window this basic text window has a suitable size to study tape6 7 8 outputs without double lines etc See Chapter 4 1 3 on Page 36 gt File Quick Plot P Shows extracted columnar
96. tores the essential parameters for atmospheric correction Using these parameters together with some further outputs from a single MODTRAN run with zero spectral albedo all information is available for inversion which is The outputs of the atmospheric parameter calculation in MODO using the function Modtran Atmo Cor Parameters P are wvl Wavelength L_atm Single scattered atmospheric path radiance E 0 d 2 irradiance divided by the earth sun distance squared T_dif_sun_gnd diffuse sun ground transmittance T_dir_tot Sun ground observer direct transmittance T_dif_obs_gnd Observer ground embedded diffuse transmittance T_dir_obs_gnd Observer ground direct transmittance S albedo Spherical Albedo of the atmosphere from ground The first two parameters are derived from the zero albedo run whereas all transmittances and the spherical albedo are extracted from the acd atmospheric correction data output The eight column of the output are stored in a text file with one data set per spectral band of the selected instrument In a second step these parameters are directly applied to a calibrated image data file using the function Calculate Simple Atmo Cor 9 The data file is to be provided in ENVI file format whereas a calibration file with the parameters and c1 for each spectral bands have to be vided Workflow Examples Chapter 3 The correction uses the standard atmospheric correction equation which first c
97. uid water content g m It is numerically equal to the equivalent liquid water content corresponding to an extinction coefficient of 1 0 at a wavelength of 0 55 microns AWCCON has units of km g m Number of Spectral Points Gives the number of spectral points to be defined for the ARUSS option Actions 58 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 MODTRAN Define Aerosol Layers Option ARUSS Upper Stratosphere Title Layer 4 Number of Spec Points Conversion Factor p 600 Lower Stratosphere Title Layer 3 Number of Spec Points Conversion Factor Upper Tropospheret Title eroso Layer 2 Number of Spec Points Conversion Factor Boundary Layer Title eroso Layer 1 Number of Spec Points 47 Conversion Factor 1 Cancel Figure 4 15 The widget Define Aerosol Layers for Option ARUSS in MODTRAN Cancel No changes are made to the data Done The new data is transferred to the active tape5 generator window Attention This is modal widget any other IDL widgets will be blocked during execution 59 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide 4 5 Menu MODTRAN The menu Modtran contains all MODO tasks directly related to MODTRAN 5 calcula tions While most of the functions are explained one by one in this chapter the handling of tape5 files i
98. value in inverse centimeters 25 cm sr cm 1 REP 107 7 m sr 2 m The standard unit in is given as the original MODTRANS 5 wavenumber reference which may be related closely to the energy levels of the simulated photons But in imaging spec trometry and spectroscopy of the visible near infrared part of the spectrum the most common wavelength references are microns or nanometers As the resolution of typical VIS NIR imag ing spectrometers is in the range of 1to 20 nm it has been decided to select the wavelength in nanometers as generic reference for data simulation within MODO Compare function gt Modtran Extract Spectra P 89 lt Convolution The MODTRAN 5 data usually is derived in wavelength units using a triangular slit for con volution to the original band data Since version 3 7 of MODTRAN an option is included which allows the direct convolution of the MODTRAN 5 outputs to sensor specific response functions This option is not fully supported within MODO A separate convolution function convolves extracted and possibly joined spectra to sensor characteristics using a Gaussian approximation of the sensor function or explicite response functions This option leaves higher flexibility for research purposes if e g the response function needs to be varied The convolved radiance values L in a band i are calculated as Background Information Chapter 2
99. w is used to describe the average surface reflectance in the pixel s vicinity This option is useful to describe adjacency effects in image data as long as the target s extent is small When selecting an item from the lists data for the selected spectrum is read from file and plot ted into the drawing window below independent for pixel and background reflectance Input gt Change lt Spectral Albedo File the currently active file is shown Its file format should be conform to the format of the file spec alb dat in the DATA directory of the MODT 39 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide RAN 5 installation The names of all available spectra appear in the lists below after opening the file The name of the selected spectral albedo file is stored in card 4L1 Functions Select Spectral Albedo from List Reads the data for the selected spectrum from file and plots a preview in the drawing window below Actions Select Transfers the selected spectrum identification numbers to the tape5 generator The indices are stored in the specific card 4L2 A Attention This is a modal widget any other IDL widgets will be blocked during execution 4 1 6 Plotting The MODO standard plots are displayed in a resizable and printable standard plot window see Figure 4 5 The plot is redrawn from scratch after each resizing of the window 40 Functions Reference Guide Chapter 4 X MODO File Plot Fil Font
100. x Extract Spectra Append Spectra a a ata e a a a a MODTRAN R for remote sensing and radiative transfer specialists PLOT TAPE7 OUTPUT This function is able to plot a whole MODTRAN 5 output based on the 7 tp7 to be defined in the input widget in Figure 4 21 It distinguishes automatically between transmit tance radiance thermal radiance and solar irradiance mode AAA Plot MODTRAN 7 Select MODTRAN tape Output nomerrs1 dodermat src idl modo_v3 bin senser1_se Limits of x axis from 1 00000 to 1 00000 kexts inn Limits of y axist from 1 00000 to 1 00000 kelp T Figure 4 21 The input widget Plot MODTRAN 5 Tape7 Inputs Select tape7 Only tape7 standard outputs of MODTRAN 5 can be treated Limits of x axis Lower and upper range of plot set to 1 for default values Choose axis type in nm microns cm 67 Chapter 4 Functions Reference Guide Limits of y axis Set to 1 for default value else give the limits Actions Plot Plots the whole output in new window as described in Section 4 1 6 on Page 40 using the rainbow color table PLOT SOLAR FLUX This function is able to plot the MODTRANS s solar flux output flx The creation of such a output can fostered by setting the respective flag in CARD 4 to second last menu in the MODO tape5 generator Plot MODTRAN Solar Flux
101. y overloaded Please use dedicated text processing routines for printing large text files i Attention While printing files of multiple pages are separated into a series of print jobs with 4 1 4 Selecting Albedo Spectra This function allows to select a spectral albedo from the file spec_alb dat situated in the DATA directory as shown in Figure 4 3 It appears in the menu widgets of gt Modtran Setup 5 and Run 51 lt and gt Modtran At Sensor Signal 1 lt as option gt Spectr lt in the dropdown menu Albedo In order to feed your own spectra replace the input file spec alb dat with an own creation MODTRAN 5 can be run first in order to have the spectral reference available Input gt Change lt Spectral Albedo File the currently active file is shown Its file format should be conform to the format of the file spec alb dat in the DATA directory of MODT RAN 5 installation The names of all available spectra appear in the list Changing the spectral albedo file replaces the current file spec alb dat in the DATA directory whereas the replaced file is moved to spec alb old dat NOTE on unix linux macOSX systems the spectral albedo file in the DATA directory is not overwritten but the selected file name is passed to MODTRAN 5 as a special param eter Functions Selecting one of the spectral albedos from list reads the data for the selected spectrum from the spec alb
102. yed during the installation process 4 For licensing go to the help menu after starting MODO and choose Identify in the menu gt Help License lt Please email the displayed outputs of this job together with your complete address and affiliation You will then receive a license key file within a few days Let us know if you need any further assistance or product information A free 30 days fully functional evaluation license key may be issued upon request After expi ration of the license you will need to acquire a license as described above or on the ReSe home page If not you will still be able to run MODO in demonstration mode which allows the handling of MODTRAN 5 outputs but does not support running MODTRAN 5 and MODTRAN 5 series Chapter 1 Introduction Background Information Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Background Information This chapter summarizes some background information about the MODO MODTRAN 5 simulation environment 2 1 MODTRAN 5 and MODO Integration The MODTRAN 5 code as it was provided by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory AFGL is written in the FORTRAN computing language It is handled by rigidly formatted ASCII input files The tape5 is used for the definition of the atmosphere and the geometry while the file spec alb dat e g defines the background reflectance characteristics Other optional input files concern the solar irradiance or the spectral band model The direct handling o

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