AVRSimon Game Kit (#28905) Product
Contents
1. draws during gameplay When the game is not being used and while the system is waiting for a button press to begin a new game U1 is placed into a sleep mode and current consumption is reduced to a scant 19 5uA With typical gameplay of a few hours a day a single battery should last more than a month There are a few other discrete components used in this design C1 is a standard bypass decoupling capacitor connected close to the VCC input of U1 R5 is a pull up resistor connected to the active low RESET line of U1 that keeps the microcontroller operating properly e g not resetting unless the pin is intentionally pulled low which will only be done if you take advantage of the AVR In System Programming ISP functionality P1 is the standard 6 pin AVR ISP header This is an optional part that is only required if you plan on making changes to the firmware and want to reprogram U1 while it is in circuit Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 6 of 10 Firmware AVRSimon combines a number of basic microcontroller functions such as reading switch inputs and turning LEDs on and off with more complicated ones such as using sleep modes to extend battery life and playing sounds which makes it a great platform to learn about microcontrollers and embedded programming From the highest level view the operation of the AVRSimon firmware is straightforward hardware_init Upon power up the hardware is2. Office 916 624 8333 Web Site www parallax com PAA NZ Z Forums forums parallax com Fax 916 624 8003 L aN ri Sales sales parallax com Sales 888 512 1024 Technical support parallax com Tech Support 888 997 8267 AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 The Parallax AVRSimon Game Kit designed by Grand Idea Studio is a re creation of the addictive flying saucer shaped memory game of Simon launched in 1978 by Milton Bradley The premise of the game is simple Repeat the sequence of lights and tones This easy to assemble kit is perfect for learning how to solder Additionally all design files including the schematic and source code are available for you to learn from and modify to create your own projects Features e Completely open source project with all design files available e Easy to assemble kit e Simple design is a perfect platform for learning how to solder e Optional game play enhancements No sound mode fast mode no LED mode and reverse mode Key Specifications e Power requirements CR2032 3V Lithium coin cell battery not included e Interface 6 pin male header for optional Atmel AVR reprogramming e Dimensions Approximate PCB diameter is 3 25 in 8 5 cm Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 1 of 10 Bill of Materials Verify that your AVRSimon Game Kit is complete in accordance with the list below and gather the additional items needed Designator Quantity Desc
3. at edge of the plastic LED casing designates the cathode sometimes a notch is used instead and should be lined up with the flat side of the LED outline printed on the circuit board Then insert and solder the piezo buzzer LS1 Orientation is not crucial but for aesthetic reasons you may want to place it so the logo printed on it appears right side up Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 3 of 10 Step 3 Now insert and solder U1 s 20 pin socket A handy tip is to place a piece of Scotch tape over the socket once it has been inserted into the PCB to prevent it from falling out when you flip the board over to solder This part is the trickiest for beginners as the pins are spaced close together so be careful not to create any solder bridges between pins Once the socket is soldered into place remove the tape if you used any and align U1 so the notch on its plastic packaging is facing to the left so pin 1 is at the lower left corner of the socket Gently but firmly press Ui into the socket ensuring that all the pins are seated properly within the socket and none of the leads have accidentally bent outwards Step 4 Finally flip the circuit board over and solder the BT1 battery holder the only surface mount part in the kit onto the backside of the board Pay close attention to the positive and negative markings on the plastic part of the holder and a
4. between notes The four sounds generated on the original Simon were based on four primary notes of a bugle which sound in tune when played in any order AVRSimon closely mimic those notes http www waitinaforfriday com index php Reverse engineering an MB Electronic Simon game Tone 1 Blue 392 Hz G note Tone 2 Yellow 330 Hz E note Tone 3 Red 262 Hz C note Tone 4 Green 196 Hz G note Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 9 of 10 Development Environment AVRSimon was developed on OS X using CrossPack for AVR http www obdev at products crosspack download de html Formerly known as AVR MacPack the package contains the core compiler debugger and AVR specific tools and integrates seamlessly with Apple s Xcode In circuit device programming was achieved using an adafruit industries USBtinyISP interface http www adafruit com index php main page product info amp cPath 16 amp products id 46 If you choose to modify AVRSimon s firmware you ll need to recompile the code and then reprogram it into the microcontroller To reprogram hook up the USBtinyISP to P1 insert and solder this optional 6 pin male header onto AVRSimon if you haven t done so already locating pin 1 by its square pad on the backside of the circuit board as opposed to the other pads on the connector which are circular Then open a Terminal window and go to your firmware directory Finally run
5. ble Programmable Read Only Memory a non volatile storage container with individual byte addressing at the memory address equal to the current length of the sequence The game then plays the entire sequence that is currently in its EEPROM contiguously from address 0 until the end of the sequence is reached For more details on EEPROM handling see the web address at the bottom of this page The game then enters the simon_read_moves routine which waits for the player to begin replaying the sequence For each move in the sequence the corresponding address of the EEPROM is read and compared with the player s input If the values do not match then the player must have pushed the wrong button and the game will end via the simon_failed_input function If the values do match then the player pushed the correct button and the game proceeds to the next move in the sequence If the player successfully repeats the entire sequence the game jumps back to simon_play_moves to add another move to the sequence and repeat the process until the game is over http www nongnu org avr libc user manual grou Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 l A button d pressed Y prepare for gameplay simon_play_moves is move correct N simon_failed_ input Y create the next move and add to sequence avr eeprom html v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 8 of 10 Sound Tone generation is based on
6. initialized within the aptly named hardware_init function which brings the system into a known state The function configures the I O pins LED pins as outputs switch pins as inputs sets up the timers Timer 0 is used for tone generation and Timer 1 for simon_config timeout counting used during gameplay and enables the Pin Change Interrupt Then simon_config is called which sets the gameplay mode based on the combination of pushbuttons SW1 SW4 held down during power up If no buttons are pressed during power up then the game will play in the normal mode Other modes include no sound mode fast mode no LED mode and reverse mode and serve as an additional challenge for advanced users Details of each special mode are discussed in the How to Play section simon_game After all configuration is complete we move into the core simon_game routine Immediately after entering simon_game the system is configured to enter a low power sleep mode and to awake on a button press from any of the four buttons Sleep mode is attained by calling a specific sequence of functions macros which define the type of sleep mode we want to enter configuring the interrupts and then going to sleep prepare to go to sleep idle mode set_sleep_mode SLEEP_MODE PWR_DOWN ClIr sleep_enable se1 sleep_cpu go to sleep here to save power Sleep mode conserves a significant amount of power by shutting down all unused module
7. lign the positive side with the marking on the circuit board Step 5 With the kit assembly complete the last step is to insert the CR2032 Lithium coin cell battery into the holder Slide the edge of the battery towards the side of the battery holder and underneath the two gold teeth Then press firmly down on the other edge of the battery until it snaps into place within the holder Copyright Parallax Inc i 0 pve ab onan Sg apg puraj hy aud tag BS 0 ber jaa AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 A ipeto apta buma daag Gre lg Ol apja Ag EOE FL l apes n peun N ot F aped ng I re 4 mn maa 0 CTI i p i E TEL ua AT aay fo v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 4 of 10 How to Play In a nutshell AVRSimon gameplay is as follows e Turn On e Play Game e Memorize and Repeat Pattern Score Given When Game Over When you first power on the game a start up tune will welcome you Press any of the pushbuttons to start playing The game will generate a sequence of lights sounds that you are to repeat first starting with a single element After the sequence has been presented simply press the button s corresponding to the LED that was illuminated and repeat the pattern The sequence length will increment each time you successfully repeat the pattern making the game increasingly more difficult as you go The maximum sequence length is 255 When your game is over a short tune will be played
8. ription Pans a favesimon pees o T 3oo2e905 isi SESESEEESS Additional items needed e Soldering iron e Wire snips Solder e CR2032 3V Lithium coin cell battery e Eye protection Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 2 of 10 Assembly Instructions Assembly of the AVRSimon kit should take about 15 to 30 minutes The recommended assembly order is as follows starting with the lowest profile shortest components and building up from there R1 R6 C1 SW1 SW5 D1 D4 LS1 U1 BT1 For quick reference this list is also printed on the back of the AVRSimon circuit board Most of the parts are non polarized meaning they can be inserted into the circuit board in any orientation and still function normally The only exceptions are the microcontroller U1 LEDs D1 D4 and battery holder BT1 and care must be taken to ensure these components are inserted properly to avoid potential damage to AVRSimon Step 1 Begin by inserting and soldering the resistors R1 R6 and capacitor C1 After clipping the leads insert and solder the four pushbuttons SW1 SW4 and power switch SW5 The four pushbuttons will snap into the circuit board when they are properly pushed all the way in Step 2 Next insert and solder the four LEDs colored red blue green and yellow denoted by D1 D4 respectively LEDs are polarized and must be inserted in the proper orientation in order for them to work The fl
9. s normal mode of operation simply power cycle the unit Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 5 of 10 How it Works Hardware The schematic is available from the AVRsimon product page search 28905 at www parallax com Like the original game of Simon AVRSimon s user interface is simple comprising four buttons four LEDs and a buzzer for playing sounds AVRSimon runs on an Atmel ATtiny2313V an 8 bit AVR microcontroller One side of each button SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 is connected to Port B 1 4 0 and 3 respectively The other side of the buttons are connected to ground The internal pull up resistor with a value between 20 kQ and 50 kQ according to the ATtiny2313V data sheet is enabled on each of the Port B pins removing the need for four external resistors The buttons are active low so the microprocessor normally sees a high signal 1 due to the pull up resistor when the button isn t being pressed When a button is pressed the microprocessor sees a low signal 0 The cathodes of the four LEDs matching the four colors of the original Simon game D1 red D2 blue D3 green D4 yellow are connected to Port D 0 3 1 and 2 respectively A current limiting resistor R1 R3 R4 R2 connected to VCC is used in series with each LED to limit the amount of current allowed to flow through the LED which sets the brightness and prevents excessive current from damaging the LED Like the bu
10. s of the microcontroller and only keeping the absolute essential features awake In our selected Power Down Mode SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN all clocks and oscillators are disabled all peripheral modules are turned off and the only ways to awaken the device are via specific resets external watchdog or brown out serial interface or INTO external interrupts or a Pin Change Interrupt generated on specific port pins when the level changes from low to high or high to low Fore more details of sleep mode implementations see http www nongnu org avr libc user manual group _avr___sleep html With AVRSimon when a button press is detected via the Pin Change Interrupt on Port B O 1 3 or 4 corresponding to SW3 SW1 SW4 SW2 respectively the system springs to life and begins the game Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 7 of 10 The game itself is comprised of two core functions simon_play_moves and simon_read_moves simon_play_moves first pulls a number from rand a linear feedback shift register used as a pseudo random number generator http en wikipedia org wiki PRNG which is seeded at the beginning of each game with the current value of the Timer 1 counter and whatever pushbutton was pushed to start the game and limits the result from 0 to 3 corresponding to one of the four possible LED colors on AVRSimon The number is then stored in U1 s internal EEPROM Electrically Erasa
11. the correct LED in the sequence that you were supposed to enter will be illuminated and then your score will be given by a series of blinking LEDs The green LED corresponds to hundred the red LED to ten and the blue LED to one For example if you failed after a thirteen element sequence the red LED will first blink once and then the blue LED will blink three times AVRSimon has a few optional twists to make gameplay more fun and interesting for advanced players These special modes are selected by holding down one the pushbuttons SW1 SW4 while first turning on the game multiple pushbuttons can be held down at one time to create various combinations SW1 No Sound Quiet mode No sounds are generated while in this mode making it perfect for gameplay while late at night in a library conference session or classroom SW2 Fast mode This mode increases the speed of which the LED sequence is played by three times and reduces the length of time allowed for you to repeat the sequence Normally you have five seconds to make a decision for each move In fast mode you re only allowed two SW3 No LED mode No LEDs are illuminated while in this mode You ll have to repeat the pattern based on sound alone SW4 Reverse move This mode operates like a FIFO First In First Out stack in which you have to replay the sequence in reverse order instead of repeating the exact order that the game presents To revert back to game
12. the make install command which launches the avrdude application twice with different parameters once to load the compiled binary into Flash memory and once to set the device s configuration fuses set in the Makefile 1 avrdude c usbtiny p attiny2313 U flash w main hex i 2 avrdude c usbtiny p attiny2313 U hfuse w 0xdi m U Ifuse w 0xe4 m For more information on Atmel AVR development see e AVR Freaks web page http www avrfreaks net e adafruit industries AVR Tutorial web page http www ladyada net learn avr Additional Resources e Grand Idea Studio s AVRSimon web page www grandideastudio com portfolio AVRSimon e Simon game Wikipedia entry http en wikipedia org wiki Simon game e U S Patent 4 207 087 Microcomputer controlled game the original Simon patent www google com patents about id MAIyYAAAAEBAJ amp dq 4207087 Copyright Parallax Inc AVRSimon Game Kit 28905 v1 0 3 22 2010 Page 10 of 10
13. the xyloduino project http www rocketnumbernine com 2009 03 27 xyloduino simple arduinopiezo organ and modified to support arrays of octaves notes and durations in order to create melodies Timer 0 a hardware peripheral internal to U1 is used as an 8 bit counter that will toggle the OCOA output pin Port B pin 2 from low to high or high to low when the counter value TCNTO matches the value programmed into the Output Compare Register OCROA The toggling of the output pin will generate a square wave at the desired frequency that is fed into the piezo buzzer LS1 The play_note routine is passed the octave note and length of the sound It configures the Timer Counter Control Register TCCROB and OCROA accordingly waits for the sound to be played and then disables the counter if note TCCROB pre int octave set the prescaler depending on what octave is selected OCROA note gt gt octave 2 there are two octaves for each prescale setting so adjust accordingly delay_ms length play sound for specified length TCCROB 0 turn off sound In order to play a melody comprising a sequence of notes stored in an array the routine is called one time for each note for i 0 i lt STARTGAME SND SIZE 4 i i 4 octave note length play_note pgm_read_byte startgame_snd_p 1 pgm_read_byte startgame_snd_p i 1 pgm_read_word startgame_snd_p 1 2 delay_ms 50 pause in
14. ttons the LEDs are active low and set up in a current sink configuration meaning they will turn on when the output signal on one of the Port D pins is low 0 When we want to turn an LED off we simply set the corresponding pin s output value to high 1 Each port pin on the ATtiny2313V can safely sink 20 mA which is well above what the LEDs on AVRSimon require when the red LED is on it requires 1 3 mA the green 3 0 mA blue 0 13 mA and yellow 3 2 mA One side of the piezo buzzer LS1 is connected to ground and the other side is connected to Port B 2 via R6 a current limiting resistor Instead of using the general purpose I O function as with the button inputs and LEDs Port B 2 is used as its special function Output Compare for Timer 0 which output waveforms that will drive the piezo buzzer Turning the game on and off is achieved with a simple slide switch used in an SPST configuration that connects and disconnects the battery supply from the VCC bus of the circuitry The system is powered with a single CR2032 3V Lithium coin cell which is easy to obtain from any local drugstore convenience store or electronics outlet The CR2032 has a very nice current capacity for its size 20mm in diameter of approximately 225 mAh although the lithium battery chemistry works best for applications requiring very low current discharge over months or years of use Its maximum recommended continuous discharge is 3 mA which is what AVRSimon
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