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MoreLKS: Manual for a Computer Programme on

1. 33 Mens rna ova ieu Sok xdi be MD ea D S EE AE CA SO t E 18 Manual MoreLKS MINIMUM A Son ga Na Oak een eet kaa D uae eed ok ade ak MS DOS is Wa e NG NG See UE Id ue Ag Noe Xo ag Be Oe New version ea E WAA echte v de Rn a oe ER e e E eee NUMBER 32 Cua tede on int ere ob dwn E ROS Ie Sd Cei Boek AN Quo dicta P OPENING inca RR hero tiene ease dome eee he ETS EOM e Bb ds t Opening screen c sus unido wind eee eee de KEIRA ULM oe oe es Pattern filled zv od AXE Vae ARR ae we aE da 13 PODOS fies ete OS oue qe odes aod ED Ae poet feb do Sas bade aea Pick a database Tle 4 75 ous oe oe sere Sp ey o ene acie ede Syd ea TEN ee Practical evaluation csse Rhin Prasabked ruta are oe har Sot ER s c aee dd soe ds 21 Preferable xus eae da ad HEA HE uei tau Y LR a VM d tud PRINT SCREEN Guns dol sot eed d tr ae RN Ge War SCRI tee aes ERU Printer das Rem pe Gels ee wi Dette ae ale is SR ee t PROLOGEOG SEAT a ee oe oi are Ree SERS DR de eS Properties LS AUWA aye oe alee Cone Popule ote Cr ud er Ue ee cet ee technological dis oc kta tease Sex SEER See eA Properties TOFDY Ice a ek ES BREE Pee Rew SS CR e acl 2 as be ee bth es ae tome ati De Ges ie we eS PSI as eG eae E mE Led a Chee sud ae oes A Ba vd UE Range Gud sanga Sanh mkaza la area id te Sots Aud Ges Gag tease TEE Requirements NAUSEAS A e REA UR Resuli C Ac Retrieve selection file Save selection Me ne mes
2. Note The numbers after the properties refer to the numbers shown on the screen in the reference section 25 Manual MoreLKS END USE CRITERIA Introduction Criteria have been drawn up for the selection of timber for the mentioned end uses The current national reguirements of the different western European countries have if available been taken into consideration as much as possible Establishing criteria for end use reguirements took place in consultation with a number of institutes in the field of timber research and timber promotion Also some local end use reguirements have been drafted for the cameroonian situation End uses The specific end uses involved are Windows frames sashes sills etc Solid panel doors external Cladding external walls weather boarding bevel siding etc Solid wooden furniture parts chair and table frames upholstery framing chair seats and cabinet work table tops bases legs etc Flooring for normal pedestrian traffic less than 2000 persons per day and flooring for heavy pedestrian traffic more than 2000 persons per day e g strip flooring block flooring parquetry The last four end uses are also available for Cameroonian conditions The system The system is based on the principle of screening a number of material specific properties of timber against formulated end use criteria at two different quality levels The result of a screening is expressed by the cl
3. TROPENBOS MoreLKS manual fora computer programme on Cameroonian lesser known timbers and end use requirements Overview MoreLKS MANUAL FOR A COMPUTER PROGRAMME ON CAMEROONIAN LESSER KNOWN TIMBERS AND END USE REOUIREMENTS M A Zijp J E Polman and T Tongo Bokam Manual version 1 2 Programme version 2 01 k The TCP is a research programme executed under the joint responsibility of the Ministry of Environment and Forests of the Republic of Cameroon and the Tropenbos Foundation Tropenbos Cameroon Documents 2 The Tropenbos Cameroon Programme Kribi Cameroon ONADEF Yaound Cameroon Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands 1999 ABSTRACT Zijp M A Polman J E and Tongo Bokam T 1999 MoreLKS manual for a computer programme on Cameroonian lesser known timbers and end use requirements Wageningen The Netherlands Tropenbos Cameroon Documents 2 74 pp 15 Refs 5 Annexes 1 diskette MoreLKS version 2 01 k is a computer model for assessing the suitability of tropical timbers for major end uses on the European and Cameroonian markets It allows a comparison of various Cameroonian lesser known species with many other timbers The manual provides a detailed description on how to use the model Key words lesser known timbers timber quality Cameroon i ISPS TROPENBOS Nb wy WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY 9 1999 The International Tropical Timber Organization ITTO ISSN 1
4. Piptadeniastrum africanum Piptadeniastrum africanum Nesogordonia papaverifera Lovoa trichilioides Morus mesozygia Afzelia bipindensis A pachyloba Afzelia africana Olea hochstetteri Ocotea usambarensis Penthaclethra eetveldeana Cordia plathythyrsa Phyllanthus discoideus Berlinia spp Berlinia bracteosa B confusa B grandiflora Tetraberlinia bifoliolata T tubmaniana T polyphylla Lophira alata Cynometra hankei Coelocaryon preussii Funtumia africana Mitragyna Hallea ciliata Alstonia boonei Ricinodendron heudelotii Ricinodendron heudelotii Copaifera mildbraedii C salikounda Klainedoxa gabonensis Sterculia oblonga Dialium dinklagei Dialium spp Daniellia spp Terminalia superba Terminalia ivorensis Ceiba pentandra 68 G Gaboon Gedu nohor Gheombi Gombe Gommier Guarea H latandza Idigbo Igaganga llomba Iroko Izombe I J K Kambala Kanda Kekele Kevazingo Khaya mahogany Kokrodua Kondroti Koumbele Kotib Koto Kumbi Kusia L Landa Lati Limba Limbali Lolagbolo Longhi Longhi Lonlaviol Lotofa M Mansonia Mepepe Mfang G Mfang P Mfo Missanda Moambe jaune Appendices Aucoumea klaineana Entandrophragma angolense Sindoropsis letestui Didelotia africana D idae D letouzeyi Dacryodes spp Guarea cedrata Albizia ferruginae Terminalia ivorensis Dacryodes pubescens D heterotrycha Pycnanthus angolensis Chlorophora excelsa Chl regia Testulea gabonensis
5. ndows You can change the colours see menu 10 of the items mentioned in the menu Windows the screen background on which for instance the text and the menu are displayed Menu the screen colour of several menus in the programme Single database all single menus to fill in the properties in the properties form Multiple database All the multiple menus to fill in the properties in the properties form grain and region Choose species the menu colours of menu 11 Choose end uses the menu colours of menu 12 Help the colours of the helptext to be displayed On certain laptops the original colours do not provide a contrast between background and text colour 10 Change colour After selecting an item in the previous menu you may choose the colour selection by moving the ARROW and pressing RETURN First you will be prompted to choose the colour for the background and text and then the colour for the frame surrounding the selected item 11 Select the species Press RETURN to switch between selected and not selected This will affect the species which is coloured or highlighted by the cursor bar If you want to find the botanical name for a commercial or trade name press F5 After entering the name or a part of it the corresponding botanical name will be displayed if it is present in the current database file 39 Manual MoreLKS XX OX X x x x x x x x x XX XX KK KK KR
6. 23 Hardwood Yes or no e Hard Soft 58 APPENDIK B Appendices Botanical names and trade names present in ALL DBW and FRA ALL DBW supplemented with the names in LKSF3 DBW These are included with an asterisk Species not presumed to be present in Africa are listed in appendix C A Afzelia africana Afzelia bipindensis A pachyloba Albizia adianthifolia Albizia ferruginae Albizia zygia Alstonia boonei Amphimas ferrugineus A pterocarpoides Aningeria robusta Anthonotha cladantha Macrolobium cladanthum Antiaris africana A welwitschii Antiaris toxicaria Antrocaryon spp Aucoumea klaineana Autronella congolensis B Baikiaea plurijuga Beilschmiedia spp Berlinia bracteosa B confusa B grandiflora Berlinia spp Blighia welwitschii Brachylaena hutchinsii Brachystegia cynometroides B leonensis Brachystegia laurentii Brachystegia nigerica C Canarium schweinfurthii Casearia brideloides Ceiba pentandra Celtis Spp Chlorophora excelsa Chl regia Cleistanthus polystachus Cleistopholis patens Coelocaryon preussii Copaifera duckei C reticulata Copaifera mildbraedii C salikounda 59 Afzelia Doussi Afzelia Doussi Apa Mepepe Bangbaye Saliyemo Albizia latandza Ouochi Angoayeme Emien Lati Aningre Abam Akoung ele Antiaris Ako Bonkonko Ako Onzabili Gaboon Okoume Mukulungu Rhodesian teak Mukusi Kanda Ebiara Berlinia Ebiara Awonog Muhuhu
7. SE i ALL SEL CTFT SEL F3 SEL KAMEROEN SEL PRODCTRS SEL PROTO SEL 42 Reference Guide First enter a name to retrieve a selection file You may also press RETURN to get a list of available selection files to choose from by moving the cursor bar to the desired selection file with the ARROW keys and pressing RETURN The previously selected species will be omitted An error will occur if the selected species are not present in the internal database If this happens you should load the appropriate database file in memory so go back to the Main menu select the Change the properties database followed by Make or Use another database 16 Finding species meeting with specific properties To find species with specific properties this form can be used The method possible option Normal or Fixed will determine the search process When Normal is selected and for example the natural durability class moderately durable is selected the search will accept all species which are moderately durable or better more durable Fixed will only search for moderately durable timbers METHOD Region We Commercial name s opti 1 Nat Durability ity at 12ZMc Y Modulus of rupture Grain not minimal Texture Reaction wood noce Y Tendency to ex gum 0 Tendency to corr Staining materials Lo stain metals 1 Tendency to splinter Tendency to checking Tendency to distort Drying rate Blunting effect Stain
8. the realization that inadequately dried parts especially long lengths are likely to distort after manufacture Density relates to general strength hardness and quantitative loss of surface Grain relates to quantitative loss and smoothness Low level of one can be partly compensated by high level of another Normal pedestrian traffic less than 2000 persons a day heavy pedestrian traffic more than 2000 persons a day Timbers with heavily interlocked grain or typically irregular grain are not recommended for strip flooring in rooms with normal pedestrian traffic but can be satisfactory for block flooring Timbers with heavily interlocked grain or irregular grain may be successfully applied for heavy pedestrian traffic For strip flooring particularly those timbers which meeting all other requirements have the smallest difference between radial and tangential shrinkage and small movement are preferable Small shrinkage only if under floor heating is used Where minimum humidity fluctuation is anticipated timbers which meeting all other requirements are in the Large shrinkage category e g Jarrah Keruing may be satisfactory but should not be specified without ensuring 1 that conditions will be suitable 2 that adequate allowance is made for some cumulative movement of the floor and 3 that the timber is dried to and retained at a moisture content equal to average in service conditions before during and after installatio
9. treatment or newly nachined satistactory if necessary after pr good after sanding a well bonded and treataent or newly nachined smooth coated surface must be obtain able by using an appropriate coating systex 29 Manual MoreLKS Notes referring to the properties criteria tables on the previous pages 10 11 12 Classifications refer to the natural durability of the heartwood in ground contact all sapwood is excluded The latter should be treated as perishable and usually permeable to preservatives The levels set for durability and preservative treatment generally assume some form of applied finish For information on measures and rules for the necessity on wood preserving bound by the different national regulations and on acceptable wood preservatives and suitable treatment schedules specifications dealing in more detail with preservative treatment must be consulted in the consuming countries Acceptability depends on finish to be used and visual standard required Exudation varies within timbers affected as to quantity and between timbers as to form over boards generally or in isolated places Resinous timbers cause premature failure of surface coating Exterior wood staining is the most appropriate treatment in this instance Resin exudation is likely to become visible especially on south elevations Not included below Preferable Levels because of risk in commercial practice of inadequate even dryi
10. 2 gt KKK OK Select the species Afzelia africana Afzelia bipindensis A pachyloba Alangium meyeri Albizia ferruginae Albizia ferrug inae filbizia lebbeck Aldina heterophylla Alexa grandiflora Alstonia boonei Amburana cearensis Amburana cearensis A acreana fimphimas ferrugineus A pterocarpoides Andira coriacea A surinamensis Andira spp Anisoptera spp Anisoptera spp Antiaris africana A welwitschii ntiaris toxicaria Press ENTER to select the next species useful for selecting a large number of adjacent species 12 Select the end uses Lv eee Press RETURN to switch between selected and not selected This will affect the end use which is coloured or highlighted by the cursor bar Press ENTER to select the next end use useful for selecting a large number of adjacent end uses 40 Reference Guide Sel the uses end use requirement as provided hy ONADEF gt Windows Solid doors for external use Cladding lt for external use Solid wooden furniture parts Cindoor gt Pedestrian Flooring normal traffic Pedestrian Flooring heavy traffic Cladding local conditions Flooring local conditions Solid panel doors local conditions 3 Solid wooden furniture parts local conditions le selections F18 end Return Cun gt Select ESC abort 13 Properties form Botanical name Region Commercial nam Source E ie 03 Nat Durabilit Density kg m3 at 127 MC 4 Modulus o
11. 7 good or satisfactory when tipped cutters are used and or modified cutting angle Blunting effect on cutting tools slight gt roderate Sailing 3 good satisfactory without preboring good Finishing 9 satisfactory if necessary after pre treatzent or newly Wachined Criteria for the selection of timber for the manufacture of solid wooden furniture parts chair and table frames upholstery franing chair seats and cabinet work table tops bases leas etc TIMBER PROPERTIES PREFERABLE LEVELS KINTKUH LEVELS Density 10 averaging not less than 550 kg m3 and averaging not less tha 450 kq n3 and not xore than 450 kg m3 not more than 950 kg x3 11 Modulus of rupture not less than 30 N m not less than 65 H zz2 Grain straight moderately interlocked 12 Reaction wood absent no requiresent Shrinkage small or nediux large 13 Tendency to exude qux or resin absent or slightly present after moderately present after drying 15 drying 14 Tendency to splinter absent Tendency to checking during drying absent or controllable if present 16 Tendency to distortion during drying absent or controllable if present 17 3lunting eff ct on cutting tools slight ta moderate or severe if tioped cutters are used qood or satisfactory if tipped cutters are used and or wodified cutting angle treausent or newly rachined finishing qood Gluing good qood if necessary after pre i satisf
12. Chlorophora excelsa Chl reg a Beilschmiedia spp Holoptelea grandis Guibourtia demeusei G tessmannii Khaya ivorensis K anthotheca Pericopsis elata Rhodognaphalon brevicuspe Dialium dinklagei Nesogordonia papaverifera Pterygota spp Lannea welwitschii Nauclea diderrichii Erythroxylum mannii Amphimas ferrugineus A pterocarpoides Terminalia superba Gilbertiodendron dewevrei Oxystigma oxyphyllum Gambeya spp Gambeya albida Daniella ogea D spp Sterculia rhinopetala Mansonia altissima Albizia adianthifolia Dialium spp Dialium dinklagei Enantia chlorantha Erythrophleum ivorense E guineense Enantia chlorantha 69 Manual MoreLKS Mora Movingui Muhimbi Muhuhu Mukulungu Mukwa Muninga Musheragi Musizi Mutenye Mutondo Mvanda Mvule N Naga Naga Nganga Niove Nkoul Nom atui Nom tonso O Obeche Oboto Odoko Odum Ogea Okan Okomlo Okoume Okwen Olon Omang Onzabili Opepe Osanga Ossabel Ossimiale Ouochi Ovoga Ozek P Padauk Padauk Padouk Mora spp Distemonanthus benthamianus Cynometra alexandri Brachylaena hutchinsii Autronella congolensis Pterocarpus angolensis Pterocarpus angolensis Olea hochstetteri Maesopsis emini Guibourtia arnoldiana Funtumia africana Hylodendron gabunense Chlorophora excelsa Chl regia Brachystegia nigerica Brachystegia cynometroides B leonensis Cynometra hankei Staudtia kamerunensis Mansonia altissima Newtonia spp Cleistanthus polys
13. Ebe Nganga Omang Eyoum P Eyoum G Moambe jaune Landa Mutondo Mvanda Andok ngoe Abip ele Kumbi Dibetou Oboto Bete Assila omang Zingana Bahia Nom atui Ozek Ebai bekwe Sikon Ebebeng Botanical name Albizia zygia Albizia adianthifolia Aningeria spp Anthonotha cladantha Macrolobium cladanthum Blighia welwitschii Cleistanthus polystachyus Cleistopholis patens Cordia platythyrsa Cynometra hankei Desbordesia glaucescens Dialium dinklagei Dialium spp Enantia chlorantha Erythroxylum mannii Funtumia africana Hylodendron gabunense Irvingia grandifolia Keayodendron bridelioides Lannea welwitschii Lovoa swynnetonii L trichilioides Mammea africana Mansonia altissima Maranthes inermis Microberlinia bisuculata Mitragyna Hallea ciliata Newtonia spp Odyendyea gabonesis Pentaclethra eetveldeana Pteleopsis hylodendron Margaritaria discoidea Phyllanthus discoideus Family Mimosaceae Mimosaceae Sapotaceae Leguminosaceae Sapindaceae Euphorbiaceae Annonaceae Boraginaceae Caesalpiniaceae Irvingiaceae Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Annonaceae Erythroxylaceae Apocynaceae Caesalpiniaceae Irvingiaceae Euphorbiaceae Anacardiaceae Meliaceae Clusiaceae Sterculiaceae Chrysobalanaceae Caesalipiniaceae Rubiaceae Mimosaceae Simaroubaceae Mimosaceae Combretaceae Euphorbiaceae Unfortunately the available information on timber properties of these 30 species is not always complete As MoreLKS ra
14. Yellow seraya Red balau Red selangan batu Dark red lauan Red lauan Dark red meranti Nemesu Marupa Chicha Tempinis Coracao de negro American mahogany Mogno Mogno Manil Surinam greenheart ipe Manual MoreL KS Tabebuia spp Tarrietia javanica T simplicifolia Tectona grandis Terminalia copelandii Tetragastris spp Tetramerista glabra Tristania decorticata U V Virola spp Virola surinamensis V sebifera Vochysia maxima V spp Vouacapoua americana W Walaceodendron celebicum X Y Z Xantophyllum excelsum 66 Ipe Mengkulang Teak Lanipau Sali Punah Malabayabas Virola Virola Baboen Ucuuba Ouaruba Kwarie Yemeri Acapu Wacapou Partridgewood Banuyo Bok bok APPENDIK D Appendices Timber species Trade names of African timber species The added species are included in bold typeface A Abam Abip ele Abotzok Aboudikro Abura Afara African mahogany African padauk African tulip Afrormosia Afzelia Afzelia Agba Ai l Ako Ako Akossika Albizia Alep Amugis Andok ngoe Andoung Angoayeme Aningre Antiaris Apa Assila omang Avodire Avom Awonog Awoura Ayan Ayous Azobe B Bahia Bangbaye Benge Berlinia Bete Bibolo Bilinga Aningeria robusta Keayodendron bridelioides Casearia brideloides Mammea africana Entandrophragma cylindricum Hallea ciliata H stipulosa Terminalia superba Khaya ivorensis K anthotheca Pterocarpus soyauxii Spathodea campanulata
15. a starting screen and after pressing RETURN will load information Select a database file You will then be prompted to choose one of the existing files which contain information on the properties of timber species Please select the ALL file from the files listed using the ARROW keys and press RETURN After the file is loaded the main menu appears The main menu Now let s see what the properties are for a species of for instance Teak Tectona grandis To do this we should go to the database section Select the option Change the properties Database with ARROW and press RETURN We are now in the Database section of the programme Database menu We will now go to the option View wood species and select it by pressing RETURN View a timber species On the screen we can see the species included in this data file One of them is Tectona grandis Select this species by moving with the ARROW and pressing RETURN If you wish more species can be selected The selected species are highlighted Leave this menu by pressing F10 Properties of Tectona grandis On the screen you will see the properties of Tectona grandis as far as these are necessary for the end uses we have prepared Press ESC to leave this screen and to go back to the Database menu or press F10 if more species were selecteu Suitability for the selected end uses To see whether a certain timber is suitable for one of the selected end uses we need to go back to t
16. applied perpendicular to the face timbers marked as Difficult should not necessarily be excluded for strip flooring or block flooring but should not be specified without further evidence of suitability Painting and other finishing processes For exterior use timbers with a very coarse texture are the least satisfactory for painting and varnishing Exterior wood staining is the most appropriate treatment in this instance Density is a general guide to strength and surface hardness Reference should be made to remarks on the strength of timber in the introduction to this section where it will be seen that a particular level of density is Preferable only as far as it contributes to or necessary for the strength of design as a whole An upper limit for density is not needed technically but may be desirable when considering the effect of using very high density timbers on handling and transport of furniture and bearing in mind that some timbers in this category may prove difficult to glue satisfactorily For these reasons timbers averaging over 950 kg m have been excluded Some timbers in the lower density category require careful selection so as to exclude pieces with visible evidence of brittleheart and those of exceptionally light weight often an indication of this defect since the strength of such pieces is appreciably below average and they are liable to sudden fracture While all recommendations assume adequate selection within
17. concerning the wood Select hardwood or softwood Enter the properties by moving the cursor to the required property field and press RETURN to obtain a menu from which you can make a choice However there are two exceptions the density and modulus of rupture require an ordinary number The grain and the region field can accept more than one choice Saving the information When the properties have been entered the species can be saved by pressing F10 Note if properties have not been entered the programme will issue an error message you should fill in these properties befor saving Leaving the menu without saving the information Press ESCape 19 Manual MoreLKS Keys in effect Move the cursor Key Function TAB Move cursor to the next field ARROW UP Moves the cursor one field up ARROW DOWN Moves the cursor one field down HOME Moves the cursor to the beginning of the screen END Moves the cursor to the bottom of the screen RETURN Activates a list to choose or goes to the next field ENTER as RETURN Leave the menu F10 Save the information ESC Leave the menu without saving Get help F1 Will display a help text containing information on the currently active property field Changing species The properties of species can be changed if the species concerned is not included in the original database see active database file 20 User s Guide Screening the species Introduction This chapter supp
18. enhanced this will select the graphic option The programme displays the matching graphical Hercules Ega this will select the graphic option for Hercules graphical cards Matching will be displayed using 720 350 pixels horizontal and vertical dots Text mode the programme will continue to use the 25 lines 80 columns and not switch to graphic display during the matching Change colours you can change the colours of the windows on the screen the menu and more see menu 9 Change language you can change the language of the programme currently French and English Save options the settings currently being used will be saved on disk So use this option to start the programme next time with the selected colours and language Quit leave this menu and return to the previous one main menu 6 Change the properties database With this menu operations on the properties of species can be performed 35 Manual MoreLKS idd a wood species Add wood species A form will appear see menu 13 After completing this form successfully the species will be added to the internal database sorted and saved on disk View wood species The species loaded in memory can be viewed using this option Selection of the species to be viewed will be done by displaying the list of species see menu 11 select the species Changing the properties is not possible with this option Change wood species Th
19. frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring cladding window frames and cladding window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors doors 74 Pterocarpus soyauxii P osun P tinctorius Pterygota spp Pycnanthus angolensis Pycnanthus angolensis Rhodognaphalon brevicuspe Ricinodendron heudelotii Scottellia chevalieri S coriacea S spp Scottellia coriacea Sindoropsis letestui Sindoropsis letestui Staudtia kamerunensis Sterculia oblonga Sterculia rhinopetala Tectona grandis Terminalia ivorensis Terminalia superba Terminalia superba Testulea gabonensis Tetraberlinia bifoliolata T tubmaniana T polyphylla Triplochiton scleroxylon Turraeanthus africanus good good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good fairly good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good good good good doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable Appendices window frames and doors and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding window frames and cladding furniture and light floo
20. oan Newly eB ena ee Ee Sle ee E 16 End A AA eod ke ANA aS 26 Error messages cs vid eee EXE dC RM X onde gre ace RE doa 46 EV Sablon CER ETT aa a ae AR NG Bh AE AA 14 FT m T IPLE 17 Floppy ISK v x ee arce aoi s a SER d aa dm Be a ew ios ane SC Si 38 Getting helpis 2 3 6 05 ated dos nina get a CUR ee P RE her 34 Graphi ia scsi sw 6 57 7 21 2 ILE re 24 AED Sole Paes A ee ii E gah TIT UI 46 Helpi ar RAR IA ae IAA E An 17 34 Herc les AA UA RAE an IR NS ed aa a AE AA A MR DA 16 Hilt uto voa arar Ae ek Deco Gn A CT ERUNT ISI iio EIA RES Gad 13 22 Install 4 45561959 A AA AAA A ERR LE etes 16 Installation and set up VITA ua jee Be AE Mohd a ea Se WEEE PR SER A ele PD at 35 internal memory 48 KEY iaa AA bot QU lec Un tea A wre dtl e aote dee e 13 21 Keyboardi c cs done x eae arch oh caf MP ann Ee E ACA A HDI 7 AT REI ET CERTES LL LLL IL QD E 7 Laptops io Vader X ed WE A di Too b ee Fa Per o Ed a 24 Malt men t sad sis sorde Y ew e Uc aai tea ie a KA vol are dae gg 33 MakeorUseotherdatabase 36 Meets requirements aam 13 Memory r mai AM AR NN a Bra 11 Menu 33 change the properties database 35 Installation and setup uuu 3 UR ah ox we ee A ae ee Se a a 35 HABI ier Se SIUE KU EDEN Scie ok dor deb aste ie DEI o A D dere 33 pick a database file
21. one to choose from the total list of species see menu 11 with nothing pre marked The Use or alter previous selection option allows you to choose from the total list of species see menu 11 with the previous selection s pre marked Having selected the species you can select the end uses see menu 12 The screening process will then start see menu 14 The Find the most appropriate use for the selected species option will process the marked species by option one two or four of this menu The programme will search and screen the end use s The best rating defined as the practical evaluation will be displayed NOTE Only western European end uses are in effect Other defined end uses do not contain information to arrive at a practical evaluation The Retrieve selection file option allows you to load an older selection previously saved from disk see menu 15 You can use this selection if you select the Use or alter previous selection option Delete selection file s the available selection files will be listed Using the cursor you can select a selection file to be deleted The file will be deleted after verification The selected species must at this time be present in the selected database file 37 Manual MoreLKS Save selection file the marks of the selected species as a result of option one or two will be saved on disk for future retrieval You will be prompted to provide a name It will be
22. saved with the extension SEL after successfully entering the name 8 Utilities how memory us This menu makes it simple to store the database files on a floppy disk It can also be helpful in updating the programme to a newer version Copy current wood database file to floppy will copy the internal database file from the default drive to the floppy disk inserted in drive A Copy current wood database file from floppy will copy the internal database file from the floppy disk inserted in drive A to the default directory Copy all wood database files to floppy will copy all the files with extension DBW and some others from the inserted floppy in drive A to the default directory Copy all wood database files from floppy the reverse of the previous option it will copy all the files with extension DBW and some others from the inserted floppy in drive A to the default directory Install new version from floppy This option cannot be used unless stated in a newer version of the programme Execute update command files This option cannot be used unless stated in a newer version of the programme Show free memory The amount of free available internal memory will be displayed Show wood database files gives a list of the wood database files in the default directory Quit utilities will leave this menu and return to the previous one the main menu 38 Reference Guide 9 Change colours
23. 566 2152 No part of this publication may be reproduced or published in any form or by any means or stored in a data base without the written permission of the copyright holder ITTO the Tropenbos Foundation ONADEF and Wageningen University assume no liability for any loss resulting from the use of this report and or the computer model TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE MANUAL 1 OVERVIEW Why the MoreLKS program was developed Cameroonian lesser known species added hardware reguirements A guick tour around 2 USER S GUIDE Installation and set up Help system Menu system Entering species Screening species System and utilities 3 PROPERTIES AND END USES The properties End use criteria 4 REFERENCE GUIDE Menus Printing Files and their description Error messages Memory problem REFERENCES Literature for the African timber species INDEX APPENDICES A Classification of the properties and grades B List of botanical names African species C List of botanical names other species D List of trade names African species only E Condensed screening results for species N 0 00 00 16 17 18 19 21 24 25 25 30 32 32 44 45 46 48 49 51 55 59 63 66 71 FOREWORD About Tropenbos The Tropenbos Foundation was established in 1988 by the Government of the Netherlands with the objective to contribute to the conservation and wise use of tropical rain forests by ge
24. Dyera costulata D lowii E Enterolobium contortisiliquum E cyclocarpum Enterolobium schomburgkii Eperua falcata E spp Eperua Spp Erisma uncinatum Euxylophora paraensis F G Gmelina arborea Gonystylus bancanus G spp Gonystylus macrophyllum Goupia glabra H Heritiera simplicifolia H spp Heritiera sylvatica Hura crepitans Hymenaea spp Hymenolobium spp Intsia palembanica l bijuga Irvingia malayana J Jacaranda copaia K Koompassia excelsa Koompassia malaccensis Koordersiodendron pinnatum L Lagerstroemia piriformis Lagerstroemia speciosa Letestua durissima M Mangifera altissima Manilkara bidentata M spp Maquira coriacea Marmaroxylon racemosum Melia dubia Mesua ferrea Mezilaurus spp Michelia platyphylla Mora spp Myristica philippensis N 64 Cumaru Kapur Balikbikan Loktob Jelutong Tamboril Batibatra Wallaba Walaba Wallaba Quarubarana Jatoby Cambara Pau amarello Melina Yemane Gumari Ramin Melawis Lanutan bagyo Goupi Kabukalli Kopie Cupiuba Mengkulang Kembang Dungon Acacu Jatoba Angelim Merbau Pauh kijang Para para Menggis Kempas Amugis Batitinan Banaba Congotali Pahutan Macaranduba Bolletrie Muiratinga Angelim rajado Bagalunga Penaga Itauba Hangilo Mora Duguan Nectandra spp Ocotea spp Neobalanops heimii O Ochroma lagopus Ocotea porosa Ocotea rodiaei Ocotea rubra Ocotea rubra Octom
25. Naga Bomanga Okwen Naga Canarium Ai l see Keayodendron bridelioides Fuma Celtis d Afrique Iroko Kambala Odum Mvule Nom tonso Sobu Avom Ekoune Copaiba Etimoe Copaifera mildbraedii C salikounda Cordia plathythyrsa Cylicodiscus gabunensis Cynometra alexandri Cynometra hankei D Dacryodes igaganga Dacryodes normandii Dacryodes pubescens D heterotrycha Dacryodes spp Daniella ogea D spp Daniellia spp Desbordesia glaucescens Dialium dinklagei Dialium spp Didelotia africana D idae D letouzeyi Distemonanthus benthamianus E Enantia chlorantha Entandrophragma angolense Entandrophragma cylindricum Entandrophragma utile Erythrophleum ivorense E guineense Erythrophleum suavolensis E ivorense Erythroxylum mannii Eucalyptus delegatensis F Fagara heitzii Funtumia africana G Gambeya albida Gambeya spp Gilbertiodendron dewevrei Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum Guarea cedrata Guibourtia arnoldiana Guibourtia demeusei G tessmannii H Hallea ciliata H stipulosa Heritiera utilis H densiflora Hevea brasiliensis Hevea spp Holoptelea grandis Irvingia grandifolia 60 Etimoe Cordia d afrique Ebe Okan Muhimbi Nganga Ekop Nganga Okomlo Ossabel Safoukala Igaganga Gommier Ogea Lonlaviol Faro Alep Omang Eyoum P Koumbele Mfang P Eyoum G Mfang G Gombe Ayan Movingui Moambe jaune Mfo Gedu nohor Tiama Sapele Sapeli Aboudikro
26. Pericopsis elata Afzelia bipindensis A pachyloba Afzelia africana Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum Canarium schweinfurthii Antiaris toxicaria Antiaris africana A welwitschii Scottellia chevalieri S coriacea S spp Albizia ferruginae Desbordesia glaucescens Koordersiodendron pinnatum Irvingia grandifolia Monopetalanthus spp Albizia zygia Aningeria robusta Antiaris africana A welwitschii Afzelia bipindensis A pachyloba Maranthes inermis Parinari glabra Turraeanthus africanus Cleistopholis patens Blighia welwitschii Paraberlinia bifoliolata Distemonanthus benthamianus Triplochiton scleroxylon Lophira alata Mitragyna Hallea ciliata Albizia adianthifolia Guibourtia arnoldiana Berlinia spp Mansonia altissima Lovoa trichilioides Nauclea diderrichii 67 Bomanga Bonkonko Boss Bubinga C Camwood Canarium Celtis d Afrique Congotali Corail Cordia d afrique D Dab ma Dahoma Danta Dibetou Difou Doussi Doussi E East African olive East African campherwood Ebai bekwe Ebe Ebebeng Ebiara Ebiara Ekaba Ekki Ekop Nganga Ekoune Ele ndamba Elolom Emien Erimado Essessang Etimoe Eveuss Eyong Eyoum P Eyoum G F Faro Frak Framir Fuma Brachystegia laurentii Antiaris africana A welwitschii Guarea cedrata Guibourtia demeusei G tessmannii Pterocarpus soyauxii Canarium schweinfurthii Celtis spp Letestua durissima Pterocarpus soyauxii Cordia plathythyrsa
27. Tendency to correde netals and absent or controllable if present staining in contact vith metals E Staining neighbouring materials absent or controllable if present Drying rate rapid or noderate rather slow or slow very slow 4 Tendency to checking during drying absent or controllable if present Tendency to distortion during drying absent or controllable if present good or satisfactory when tipped cutters are used and or modified cutting angle Blunting effect on cutting tools slight to moderate severe if tipped cutters are used satisfactory or qood after pre treatment or newly nachined satisfactory if necessary after pre Finisding 5 treatzent or newly sachined Criteria for the selection of timber for the sanufacture of solid panel doors external TIMBER PROPERTIES PREFERABLE LEVELS XDININUX LEVELS Katural durability of heartwood 1 durable to very durable or noderately perishable to moderately durable but duraole but capable to effective capable to effective treatzent 2 treatrent 2 softwood 450 kq m3 or nore softwood 400 ka n3 or nore hardwood 500 850 kq n3 hardwood 450 Kq m3 or more Grain straight to moderately interiocked eaction wood absent no requirement Shrinkage snall xedium Tendency to exude qux or resin absent infreqeuntly after drying 3 Tendency to corrode retals and absent or controllable if present staining in contact with retals Staining neighbouring materials absent
28. Utile Sipo Missanda Tali Tali Landa Tasmanian oak Alpine ash Olon Mutondo Ele ndamba White star apple Longhi Longhi Limbali Agba Tola branca Tola Guarea Boss Mutenye Beng Bubinga Kevazingo Abura Nyankom Niangon Rubberwood Seringueira Kekele Andok ngoe Zembila J K Keayodendron bridelioides Casearia brideloides Khaya ivorensis K anthotheca Klainedoxa gabonensis L Lannea welwitschii Lophira alata Lovoa trichilioides M Maesopsis emini Mammea africana Maranthes inermis Parinari glabra Microberlinia bisulcata Millettia laurentii Mitragyna Hallea ciliata Monopetalanthus spp Morus mesozygia N Nauclea diderrichii Nesogordonia papaverifera Newtonia spp 0 Ocotea usambarensis Odyendyea gabonensis Olea hochstetteri Oxystigma oxyphyllum P Paraberlinia bifoliolata Parinari glabra Penthaclethra eetveldeana Pericopsis elata Phyllanthus discoideus Piptadeniastrum africanum Poga oleosa Pteleopsis hylodendron Pterocarpus angolensis Pterocarpus soyauxii Pterocarpus soyauxii P osun P tinctorius Pterygota spp Pycnanthus angolensis 61 Appendices Abip ele Mahogany African Khaya mahogany Eveuss Kumbi Ekki Azob Dibetou Bibolo Musizi Oboto Abotzok Assila omang Zingana Zebra wood Weng Bahia Elolom Andoung Difou Opepe Kusia Bilinga Danta Kotib Ossimiale Nom atui East Afri
29. YM2 ENG WEU FRA WEU ALL FRA ALL AFRICAE AFRICAF LKSF3 DEMO PROTO ALL AFRICA INSTALL MLKS Extension Function EXE FRA ENG SET SET SET SET DEF DEF HLP HLP HLP HLP BGI BGI BGI BGI BGI BGI CHR CHR DBA DBA SCR DBA ENG FRA DBU DBU DBW DBW DBW DBW DBW SEL SEL SEL SEL BAT BAT The main programme Programme file menu choices status bar language elements contains Screen positions for VGA contains screen positions for Hercules e a contains colour selections for black and white contains colour selections Data definitions for the HELP system in English Data definitions for the HELP system in French Data for the HELP system in English Data for the HELP system in French Start up explanation in English Start up explanation in French Driver for ATT 400 line Graphics adapter Driver for Color Graphics Adapter Driver for Enhanced Graphics Adapter and Video Grapics Adapter Driver for Hercules Graphics Adapter Driver for IBM8514 Graphics Adapter Driver for 3270 PC Graphics Adapter Stroked font definition Stroked font definition The saved configuration language colour Files for the programme Definitions for screen handler Numbers of variables Text strings Definition of end use requirements English text Definition of end use requirements French text 100 well known tropical timbers 50 lesser known specie
30. actory if necessary after pre treatment or newly sachined Staining good and even satisfactory or controlable Effect of wood substances on absent controllable if present tinishi 28 Properties and end uses Criteria for the selection of timber for the ranufacture of flooring strip flooring block flooring parquetry TIRBER PROPERTIES PREFERABLE LEVELS RDININUK LEVELS Density 18 for pedestrian normal traffic 19 softwood not less than 500 kq 13 hardwood not less than 600 kg 13 for pedestrian heavy traffic 19 averaging not less than 675 kg 13 Grain 18 straight or slightly interlocked moderately interlocked 19 Reaction wood absent ao requirenent Shrinkage small or zediux 20 large 21 Tendency to erude cum or resin absent after drying limited after drying 22 staining in contact vith netals Staining neighbouring materials usually not relevant Tendency to checking during drying absent or controllable if present Tendency to distortion during drying absent or controllable if preseat Blunting effect on cutting tools slight to moderate or severe if tipped cutters are used Tendency to corrode netals and absent or contzollable if present Yachining good or satisfactory if tipped cutters are used and or modified cutting angle Hailing good without preborinq satisfactory without preboring or difficult 23 satisfactory or qood after pre
31. assification acceptable or non acceptable for one of the two levels and furthermore by expressing the degree of suitability for the relevant specific end use based on the qualitative potential of a wood species These parameters result in a final outcome concerning the suitability or non suitability of a timber species for one of the specific end uses involved The following pages consist of the criteria tables with their notes The notes are numbered consecutively and are to be found on the following pages Note The information on the following five pages has been taken from the TNO report by P B Laming 1990 SELECTION OF LESSER KNOWN AND LESSER USED TIMBER SPECIES FOR SPECIFIC END USES BASED ON THE SYSTEM OF THE WOOD PROPERTY AND END USE REQUIREMENTS HI 90 1066 600769504 26 Properties and end uses Criteria for the selection of timber for the manufacture of windows frames sashes sills etc TIXBER PROPERTIES PREFERABLE LEVELS XINDXUX LEVELS Xatural durability o beartwood 1 durable to very durable or roderately perishable to non durable but capable durable but capable to effective to effective treatzent 2 reatrent 2 softwood 450 kg r3 or nore softwood 400 kg x3 or more hardwood 500 350 kq i hardwood 450 kg 13 or vore Grain straignt to noderately interlocked 2eaction vood absent no requirement suall or nediun Tendency to erude gum or resin absent after drying slight after drying 3
32. ble doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good good good doubtful unsuitable perfect doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable unacceptable good good good doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good good good window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture window frames and cladding cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding window frames and cladding and furniture window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding cladding cladding window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and furniture and light flooring window frames and furniture furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture cladding window frames window frames window frames window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and doors and furniture and light flooring window f
33. bottom of the screen The number above the bar indicates the property number numbers and properties are shown after pressing F1 When a property does not meet the requirements it will be displayed on the right of the screen under the heading Properties not sufficient under the appropriate sub heading preferable or minimum level Below the evaluation of the properties you will see three boxes which give the results of the screening process The selected species must at this time be present in the selected database file 21 Manual MoreLKS The boxes The first box Result shows the result of the screening It has three possible outcomes Meets requirements at the preferable level Meets requirements at the minimum level Does not meet requirements The second box Hint gives an indication by a total add up of a point system which takes into account the relevant properties for the selected end use The third box Practical evaluation displays the overall result by taking the previous boxes into account The properties The properties screened for an end use are not displayed as text since the amount of space is too limited Instead a number is written on the screen denoting the corresponding property If you wish to know the property for a certain number the following list will be helpful During the screening process this list is part of the context sensitive help Number Property Natural durability Density lo
34. can campherwood Ozek East African olive Musheragi Tchitola Tola Lolagbolo Tola mafuta Awoura see Maranthes inermis Ebai bekwe Afrormosia Kokrodua Ebebeng Dahoma Dab ma Ovoga Sikon Osanga Muninga Mukwa African padauk Padauk Camwood Padouk Koto llomba Manual MoreLKS O R Rhodognaphalon brevicuspe Ricinodendron heudelotii S Scottellia chevalieri S coriacea S spp Scottellia coriacea Sindoropsis letestui Spathodea campanulata Staudtia kamerunensis Sterculia oblonga Sterculia rhinopetala I Tectona grandis Terminalia ivorensis Terminalia superba Testulea gabonensis Tetraberlinia bifoliolata T tubmaniana T polyphylla Triplochiton scleroxylon Turraeanthus africanus U V W X Y Z 62 Kondroti Erimado Essessang Akossika Odoko Gheombi African tulip Niove Eyong Yellow sterculia Lotofa Teak Idigbo Framir Limba Afara Frak Izomb Ekaba Obeche Wawa Abachi Ayous Avodir APPENDIK C Appendices Botanical names and trade names present in ALL DBW and FRA ALL DBW Species not presumed to be present in Africa are listed here A Alangium meyeri Aldina heterophylla Alexa grandiflora Amburana cearensis A acreana Andira coriacea A surinamensis Andira spp Anisoptera spp Araucaria angustifolia Artocarpus ovata Aspidosperma peroba Aspidosperma spp B Bagassa guianensis B tiliaefolia Balfourodendron riedelianum Bertholletia excelsa B
35. d results from African species screened for specific western European end uses Resulting classifications The result of the property requirement screening is primarily expressed by acceptable or not acceptable classifications for one of the two levels These parameters result in a final outcome concerning the suitability or non suitability of a timber species for one of the specific end uses A refinement in the procedure is included to differentiate the final result of the screening and ranking procedure by producing a practical evaluation in functional and practical terms of interpretation such as a perfect species a good species an unacceptable species etc Cameroonian species that have been added are marked with an asterisk Botanical name Afzelia africana Afzelia bipindensis A pachyloba Albizia adianthifolia Albizia ferruginae Albizia ferruginae Albizia zygia Alstonia boonei Amphimas ferrugineus A pterocarpoides Aningeria robusta Anthonotha cladantha Macrolobium cladanthum Antiaris africana A welwitschii Antiaris toxicaria Antrocaryon Spp Aucoumea klaineana Autronella congolensis Baikiaea plurijuga Beilschmiedia spp Berlinia bracteosa B confusa B grandiflora Berlinia spp Blighia welwitschii Brachylaena hutchinsii Brachystegia cynometroides B leonensis Brachystegia laurentii Brachystegia nigerica best rating for the end use s good good doubtful unsuitable go
36. database New data and new species can easily be entered The programme also allows comparison with other timber species as data on more than 200 tropical timbers are provided Acknowledgements We thank the International Tropical Timber Organization and the Tropenbos Foundation for funding the development of the programme and the publication of this manual Furthermore we would like to thank the Prospect team from Oxford Forestry Institute for making information available Also we thank the CIRAD For t for supplying data to the original database End use requirements for western European end uses have been made available by Mr P B Laming Last but not least we would like to thank Dr W B J Jonkers for his critical review of this document HOW TO USE THE MANUAL This manual for the MoreLKS programme is divided into five sections Where to find what To get an overview of the programme and project gt consult the OVERVIEW section For installation and use of the programme gt consult the USER s GUIDE section Searching for a word gt consult the INDEX section Information on properties and end uses consult the PROPERTIES AND END USES section Look up menus gt consult the REFERENCE GUIDE section Is a species present consult APPENDIX B C or D Conventions used In this manual the keys on your keyboard are shown in uppercase for instance RETURN PGUP or SHIFT Text to be typed by you is indicated by a
37. des bois tropicaux deuxi me suppl ment CTFT Nogent sur Marne France 123 pp Tailfer Y 1989 La for t dense d Afrique centrale Tome 1 and Il CTA Ede The Netherlands 1727 pp Takahashi A 1978 Compilation of data on the mechanical properties of foreign Woods Part Ill Africa Research report on foreign woods no 7 Shimane University Japan Vivien J J and J J Faure 1985 Arbres des for ts denses d Afrique centrale Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique Yaound Cameroon 565 pp 49 50 Indices INDEK Acceptance sa audeat A ee ee el DATO AAA AAA A 13 Add a Wood Species a ura AA E Ro A o AA 36 ALLER 22 re O var uk NE E EAR ROS A AR 44 Ba kuu OR AR AR A ARA AAA 16 Bateh file as a di AA EEE RR A 16 CORA AAA a Fae qo Rui 16 Change CONGUE fs 4 eine thous Foes a OW ee Se 8 ee ee Oe ae Tee oe 39 CODES ks A cioe ee Pare ee See Cie Won SNE 39 Change the properties database 35 Change wood species 36 Choose selection 5 2 4 o acer scat mate Sow rh AR POT Dane ORE ewe 37 Colo rs i i lex Roxette da x de 16 24 35 Computers 2 cq au ow o ce LEE ot V RON RACER e di Ka 11 Copy cx ou eo eR e Reto ORO E a A Eo acd PUR MERE AAA 24 38 Delete selection fil s 5 1 5 de CC os RCM cede OR ror att ca 37 Delete wood sD8cles scum ox ie c ROGER apod oe Re Kus a 36 Displays a v AR pae e MA qoo y CV qup QT lean deat ed ee 16 EGA m C A Sr eae
38. done at two levels of acceptance a preferable and if the species does not meet all requirements a minimum level The bars shown on the screen are the result of the comparison Depending on your computer you will see coloured or pattern filled bars The key for the colours and patterns are displayed at the bottom of the screen The number above the bar indicates the property number numbers and properties are shown by pressing F1 When a property does not meet the requirements for the current end use it will be displayed on the right of the screen under the heading Properties not sufficient Under the evaluation of the properties you will see three boxes which give the result of the screening The boxes The first box Result shows the result of the screening It has three possible outcomes e Meets requirements at the preferable level e Meets requirements at the minimum level e Does not meet requirements The second box Hint gives an indication by a total add up of a point system which takes into account the relevant properties for the selected end use The third box Practical evaluation displays the overall result by taking the previous boxes into account 13 Manual MoreLKS The practical evaluation Tectona grandis is a good species for windows because it meets minimum reguirements Result and might be very suitable Hint Tectona grandis is a fairly good species for doors because it meets minimum requireme
39. e Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen the Netherlands In 1994 ITTO and CfC decided to co finance six of these projects which together form ITTO project PD 26 92 The Office National de D veloppement des For ts ONADEF is the agency responsible towards ITTO and CfC for the implementation of the Project PD 26 92 The research on which this publication is based was financed by the International Tropical Timber Organization ITTO the Tropenbos Foundation and the implementing agencies Wageningen Agricultural University WAU and ONADEF ITTO provided by far the largest financial contribution About the present study The MoreLKS software programme used in the present study is based on an earlier version of the same programme developed by an earlier ITTO project project PD 18 78 The program was expanded by adding 30 lesser known timbers from Cameroon and a number of end uses relevant for the Cameroonian local market The revised programme permits the user who seeks suitable timber for a specific application to compare the qualities of Cameroonian lesser known timbers with a wide range of other timbers The software has its limitations however Only common applications are included in the database and if the information on a species is incomplete MoreLKS may rank the species wrongly as unsuitable because a certain essential guality is unknown and therefore assumed to be very poor The programme has been devised in such a way that th
40. e last limitation can be reduced in the future when more information becomes available New data can be added anditis also possible to add other species The revised MoreLKS programme was designed to provide the Cameroonian timber sector with a powerful tool to promote timbers which are presently difficult to sell If such promotion is successful the sector can broaden the range of species harvested This would help Cameroon not only in making a fuller use of its timber resources but also in achieving sustainable forest management Sustainable forest management can only be accomplished if sufficient trees of each timber species are preserved for future yields This becomes easier when more species are marketable Dr W B J Jonkers Scientific Coordinator Tropenbos Cameroon Programme INTRODUCTION This manual describes the use of a computer model for assessing the suitability of tropical timbers for a variety of end uses The model is a modification of the MoreLKS model prepared in the framework of ITTO project PD 18 87 rev 1 1 This version was produced in the framework of ITTO project PD 26 92 rev 2 which in its turn is an integrated part of the Tropenbos Cameroon Programme The computer program was adapted especially for Cameroon and includes besides the species incorporated in the original model 30 common lesser known Cameroonian timbers The model is a tool for Cameroon to promote its timbers on the national and international marke
41. eles sumatrana Ormosia spp P Palaquium spp Parashorea malaanonan P tomentella Parashorea stellata P densiflora Parkia spp Peltogyne pubescens P spp Peltogyne spp Pittosporum pentandrum Planchonia spectabilis Planchonia valida Platonia insignis Platymiscium ulei P pinnatum P trinitatis Pometia pinanata Pometia pinnata Prioria copaifera Protium spp Pseudosindora palustris Pterocarpus dalbergioides Pterocarpus indicus Pterocymbium tinctorium Pterygota horsfieldii Q Qualea albiflora Q dinizii Qualea spp R S Sandoricum vidalii Scleronema micranthum S praecox Shorea bracteolata S spp Shorea faguetiana S spp Shorea guiso S kunstleri S ochrophloia S collina Shorea negrosensis Shorea pauciflora S spp Simarouba amara Sterculia spp Streblus elengatus Swartzia spp Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia macrophylla S humilis Symphonia globulifera T Tabebuia serratifolia 65 Appendices Louro Chengal Balsa Imbuia Greenheart Demerara greenheart Red louro Determa Wane Louro vermelho Louro vermelho Binuang Tento Nyatoh White seraya white lauan in part Meranti gerutu Gerutu gerutu Faveira Purpleheart Amarante Mamalis Lamog Putat Bacuri Macacauba Malugai Kasai Matoa Cativo Breu Sepetir Andaman padauk Padauk Sena Taluto Impa Quaruba Kwarie Mandioqueira Malasantol Cardeiro White meranti White lauan in part Yellow meranti
42. f rupture Grain oe Texture og Reaction wood CC Shrinkage 1 Tendency to ex gum ws Tendency to corr Staining materials stain metals Tendency to splinter to checking to distort Drying rate effect Staining Machining Effect of Nailing wood substances Gluing on finishing Finishing Special message The form displays the various properties which have to be filled in except the commercial name source and message Pressing ESC will leave the form without change for the displayed species F10 will save the information if all required data haver been entered and the displayed species is not from the original database To fill in a field use the ARROW to go to that field and press RETURN to get a list of choices except Modulus of rupture and Density that require digits 41 Manual MoreLKS 14 Screening the species Botanical name Balfourodendro riedelianum FT ITTO PD 3a Commercial name Guatambu screened for the end use Cladding Cor external use Property not sufficient 1 Z 3456 7 8 9 101112131415 171819202122 at preferable level Shrinkage Blunting effect Nailing at minimum level Nailing Result does not meet requirements c Hint might be suitable Practical evaluation doubtfull unsuitable species For an explanation please refer to the appropriate section in the user s guide Pressing ESC will bring you back to the Select and match properties with requirements menu 15 Selection files File name
43. fication of timber production may lead to reduced exploita tion pressure on highly valued timber species to prevent that these species become rare or extinct and to allow the retention of good quality trees for silvicultural or forest management purposes Harvesting more species implies that a market should be found for these species and that these timbers should meet the requirements of timber consumers These requirements cannot be generalized they differ per end use and also depend on local conditions e g climate It is therefore important that the suitability of tree species for specific end uses is known and the present study is to gather such information Selection of timbers used in the consuming countries is besides price availability practical influence and fashion usually based on their specific technological and physical properties These required properties are dictated by the intended end uses Marketing of timber by the producing countries would be helped enormously if producers were aware of specific end use markets so that they could offer their products with a fair chance of success Overview To date all efforts to promote the utilization of lesser known and lesser used species have been made with what could be offered at the production end in mind Most of these efforts have not been very successful for various reasons More success could be expected if the approaches were based on the demand for specific proper
44. he Main menu We can do this select the option Quit database manager and press RETURN The programme will display the main menu seen previously Now select the option Select and match properties with requirements by moving the ARROW and press RETURN 12 Overview Selection menu Please select the first option the Choose selection option which is already highlighted and press RETURN Select species Move from the species listed to Tectona grandis using the ARROW and select this species by pressing RETURN If you wish more species can be selected The selected species are highlighted Leave this menu by pressing F10 Select end uses Here you can choose between the various end uses Please select windows and doors by moving the ARROW and pressing RETURN to select Leave this menu by pressing F10 The evaluation display The programme will now display the suitability of the first selected species for the first selected end use In this case the programme will show the suitability of Tectona grandis for doors You can press F1 for help use PGDN and PGUP to move through the help text and press ESC to leave help Press RETURN to find out the suitability of the next selected end use in this example doors based on the end use requirements and the properties of the timber The meaning of the evaluation display The properties of the selected timber are compared with the end use requirements of the selected end use This is
45. hical card and or monochrome monitor and the selected language 32 IN The pick a database file menu LKSF3 DBM Contains a area more or less weli known tropical timbers in the Netherlands and information received from Cirad Foret CTFT concerning 126 desser known timber species and some tropical timbers provided by producing countries j FR ALL contains all the above species but in french AFRICAE Only the african species english from ALL AFRICAF Only th african species french from ALL LKSF3 contains 25 lesserknown species from Cameroon with five well known species from Cameroon It is possible to load a number of species in the programme Choose an existing file or press ESCape to create a new file You can make a choice by moving the highlighted or coloured bar to the one you want to load by using the arrow keys When ready press the RETURN key The programme will load the selected file in memory If you want to create a new database file press ESC The programme will prompt you for a file name Up to eight characters are permitted for this name Youishould not add an extension as the extension DBW will be added automatically If you want to load a species file by default This is possible when you start the programme MORELKS with a command qualifier MORELKS FN For example if you want to load the file ALL you can type MORELKS all and you will not be prompted to select a file 3 The
46. ht flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring 72 Canarium schweinfurthii Canarium schweinfurthii Cedrela spp Ceiba pentandra Celtis spp Chlorophora excelsa Chl regia Cleistanthus polystachus Cleistopholis patens Coelocaryon preussii Copaifera mildbraedii C salikounda Cordia plathythyrsa Cylicodiscus gabunensis Cylicodiscus gabunensis Cynometra alexandri Cynometra hankei Dacryodes igaganga Dacryodes normandii Dacryodes pubescens D heterotrycha Daniella ogea D spp Daniellia spp Desbordesia glaucescens Dialium dinklagei Dialium spp Didelotia africana D idae D letouzeyi Distemonanthus benthamianus Distemonanthus benthamianus Enantia chlorantha Entandrophragma angolense Entandrophragma cylindricum Entandrophragma utile Erythrophleum ivorense E guineense Erythrophleum suavolensis E ivorense Erythroxylum mannii Eucalyptus delegatensis Fagara heitzii Funtumia africana Gambeya albida Gambeya spp Gilbertiodendron dewevrei Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum Guarea cedrata doubtful unsuitable unacceptable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good unacceptable doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable unacceptable doubtful unsuitable unacceptable fairly good good doubtful unsuitable good good doubtful unsuita
47. ing Machining Effect of Nailing wood substances Gluing on finishing Finishing 43 Manual MoreLKS PRINTING In the present version of this programme emphasis is on displaying information on the screen However printing is possible but is not extended If you want to print the screening of a species for an end use this can be done by pressing PRINT SCREEN if this does not work try pressing SHIFT and PRINT SCREEN simultaneously If your printer produces output which does not fulfil your expectations gt Go to the Installation and Set up option in the main window and select textmode gt Return to the matching section and try again It is also possible to get information directly printed This is option 3 of the selection and matching menu Find the best use for the selected species To do this press ALT P and select the appropriate option on to printer and or to log file If you set LOG File to on then the information will be saved in a file named PROLOG LOG This ASCII text file can be printed later using the DOS command PRINT or can be imported into a word processor for formatting and printing 44 Files and their description Reference Guide The following files are present on the floppy disk s Name MORELKS MENUCH3 SETSCRI SETSCR2 SETUPB SETUPC ENG HLP FRA HLP ENG HLP FRA HLP ENG OPN FRA OPN ATT CGA EGAVGA HERC IBM8514 PC3270 SANS LITT SETTING PROPVAL2 WOOD13 DATVAR2 NRS
48. inkage unknown large medium small Tendency to exude gum resin unknown very serious serious moderate very little slight absent 10 Tendency to corrode and stain metal 11 12 unknown present and not controllable present but controllable absent Staining of neighbouring materials unknown present and not controllable present but controllable absent Tendency to splinter unknown serious very little slight absent 56 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Staining unknown difficult satisfactory or good after pre treatment or newly machined good and even Drying rate unknown very slow slow rather slow fairly rapid rapid Tendency to checking unknown serious moderate slight absent Tendency to distortion unknown serious moderate slight absent Blunting effect on tools unknown severe if tipped cutters are used fairly severe moderate slight Machining unknown difficult satisfactory when tipped cutters are used and or modified cutting angle good Nailing unknown difficult satisfactory without pre boring good without pre boring 57 Manual MoreLKS 20 Gluing unknown difficult satisfactory or good after pre treatment or newly machined good 21 Effect of wood substances on finishing unknown serious present but controllable absent 22 Finishing unknown difficult satisfactory or good after pre treatment or newly machined good
49. is operates in the same way as the previous option However changes can be made in the names properties and other items of the selected species as long as they do not concern the original database files provided Delete wood species After having selected the species using menu 11 to be deleted they will be deleted after verification The species wili be completely removed from memory and file Find wood species with specific properties This option can be used to search the database for species meeting specific reguirements see menu 16 Use old values The information of the last display operation add view or change of a species will be displayed on a new form and can be used to add species to the database without typing duplicate information Save wood database on disk The current wood database can be saved on hard disk or floppy disk if you started the programme from a floppy disk After adding deleting and changing a species this will be done automatically Make or Use another database You can choose a database other than the one selected at the start of the programme See menu 2 Pick a database file with species for details Quit database manager Leave this menu and return to the main menu 36 Reference Guide 7 Select and match properties with requirements With this menu one can select the species one wants to screen and other related actions The Choose selection option allows
50. lay a help text This will not work in the menu for selecting species or uses 18 User s Guide Entering species Introduction This chapter describes how to include new species in the programme Active database file Species in the selected data file can always be viewed added or deleted You can change the active database file using the Make or Use other database file option in the database menu You will be prompted to select the file to be loaded We suggest strongly that you do not add species to the existing files but make some species files of your own It is possible to modify properties of species but not of the species provided If you wish to alter the properties of the species provided you cannot do it straight away You can make a copy of the information provided by viewing a species and then possibly after selecting your new file use the option Use old values The changes can then be made permanent Filing in the properties To enter a new species Type the botanical name of the species and press RETURN It is possible to use the ALT key in combination with the digits on the numerical key path to get special characters such as Y 1 i c C etc During the screening process however these characters might not be visible on the screen when in graphical mode on some graphical cards If you wish you can enter the source and the commercial name s you can also enter a special message
51. lies information on the use of the selection menu Selecting the species and end uses The selection menu has three options for selecting the species and end uses that you can screen The Choose selection option allows you to choose from the total list with nothing pre marked The Use or alter previous selection option allows you to choose from the total list with the previous selection s pre marked The Retrieve selection file option allows you to load an earlier selection previously saved from disk You can use this selection if you select the Use or alter previous selection option The evaluation display Following the selection of at least one species and one end use the programme will display the suitability of the first selected species for the first selected end use Note This is based on the end use reguirements and on the properties of the timber other also important factors are not yet evaluated in this programme The meaning of the evaluation display The properties of the selected timber are compared with the end use reguirements of the selected end use This is done at two levels of acceptance a preferable and if the species does not meet all reguirements a minimum level The bars shown on the screen are the result of the comparison Depending on your computer and choices made in the setup menu you will see coloured or pattern filled bars The key for the colours and patterns are displayed at the
52. made permanent if allowed See Changing properties Note If you try to reach beyond the selected range for example before the first selected species or after the last species the programme will make a sound and display the currently active end use and species Any other key will go to the next selected species or after the last species to the next end use with the first selected species If this also was the last the display will stop However the keys CAPSLOCK CTRL ALT SCROLL LOCK and NUMLOCK have no effect PRINT SCREEN will usually not work with your printer except when you are in text mode Find the best case for the selection The screening described above can be speeded up The option Find the most appropriate use for the selected species will search and display the highest category of the practical evaluation This is done for all selected species It also gives the end uses for that category 23 Manual MoreLKS System and utilities Introduction This chapter demonstrates how the installation and set up menu can be used as well as the utilities menu Set up and installation In this menu you can change and save the screen type and preferred colours If you do not have a computer capable of displaying colours then select the black and white option You can choose the graphic option this only affects the display during the screening process To make presentations possible on simple laptops you can choo
53. main menu After a database file has been loaded the main menu appears Installation and set up offers the opportunity to switch between text mode and graphical mode and to change colours in menus and windows see menu 5 Here you can also set the default language Change the properties database offers the possibility to view change delete and add species in the current active database see menu 6 Select and match properties with requirements provides the possibility to 33 Manual MoreLKS i ns allation and Set up Change the properties Jataba e properties with requirements screen species for selected end uses see menu 7 Utilities Using this option you can copy files to your floppy disk see menu 8 Quit You will leave the programme after verification 4 Getting help Besides this manual help is available from the programme in most cases It is also possible in most cases to get context sensitive help For more information on the help system and how to use it please consult the help system part in the user s guide 34 Reference Guide 5 Installation and set up The set up of the programme can be changed and saved using this option Here are the choices Colour You can select this option if your screen has the capability of displaying colours Black and white you can select this option if the display of the matching is poorly visible or not at all Graphics VGA EGA
54. n Not suitable for very warm situations nor with certain applied coating systems Some of the timbers being Difficult in nailing will accept small flooring nails if care is taken in application e g Ipe Many will be too hard or split too easily or there may be neither practical experience nor information from standard tests Since the nailing evaluation is based on 12 gauge nails applied perpendicular to the face timbers marked as Difficult should not necessarily be excluded for strip flooring or block flooring but should not be specified without further evidence of suitability 31 REFERENCE GUIDE The possible menu choices will be explained in detail in this section Some information on printing memory problems file descriptions and possible errors will also be given Menus All possible menus that can be used by the programme will be shown For more information and the various menu types and keys please consult the chapter menu system of the user s guide 1 The opening screen Selection and Introduction of lesser known and lesser used species for specific end uses department of Forestry TNO Timber Pesearch Institute J E Polman P B Laming M A Zijp DHADEH T Tongo Bokam When starting the programme an opening screen will be displayed The programme will proceed if you press a key SHIFT CAPSLOCK CTRL ALT PAUSE however have no effect Which screen appears depends on the hardware grap
55. nerating knowledge and developing methodologies and to involve and strengthen local research institutions and capacity in relation to tropical rain forests The Tropenbos Programme carries out research on moist tropical forest land at various locations around the world At present semi permanent research sites are located in Colombia Guyana Indonesia C te d Ivoire and Cameroon At the different locations research programmes follow an interdisciplinary and common overall approach with the aim to exchange data and make results mutually comparable About the Tropenbos Cameroon Programme and ITTO Project PD 26 92 The present publication has been produced in the framework of ITTO Project PD 26 92 which is an integral part of the Tropenbos Cameroon Programme TCP The Tropenbos Cameroon Programme was established in 1992 by the Cameroonian Ministry of Environment and Forests MINEF and the Tropenbos Foundation The general objective of TCP is to develop methods and strategies for natural forest management directed at sustainable production of timber and other forest products and services These methods have to be ecologically sound socially acceptable and economically viable TCP consists of fourteen interrelated projects in the fields of ecology forestry wood science economy social sciences agronomy and soil science for a description of these projects see Foahom amp Jonkers 1992 A programme for Tropenbos research in Cameroon Th
56. ng throughout thick cross sections with strict application of correct drying techniques performance will equal that of more rapidly drying timbers Painting and other finishing processes For exterior use timbers with a very coarse texture are the least satisfactory for painting and varnishing Exterior wood staining is the most appropriate treatment in this instance Density is not critical but it affects resistance to indentation and nail holding properties Softwoods and hardwoods of appreciably higher density will be correspondingly more resistant to indentation If nail holding is in question in general the density of hardwoods should be higher than that of softwoods for comparable holding properties May be particularly troublesome in sawn timber less than 22 mm thick Tendency to cupping across width has been included under distortion for this end use With timbers of good nail holding properties and with fixings at frequent intervals performance in situ may be satisfactory in thinner dimensions but for the likelihood of air dried timber not having been held long enough and resulting in unnecessary shrinkage or distortion in service Some of the timbers being Difficult in nailing will accept small flooring nails if care is taken in application e g Ipe Many will be too hard or split too easily or there may be neither practical experience nor information from standard tests Since the nailing evaluation is based on 12 gauge nails
57. nother font like this OVERVIEW This section provides information on the potential use of the program and why it was made A short step by step training is included Why the MoreLKS programme was developed MoreLKS was developed to provide information on the potential marketability of timber species which are not or seldom used at present This information can be used in estimating the economic value of the forest and in preparing a list of species which are likely to contribute to future harvests The project also has an important commercial application that is it will facilitate the promotion of les ser known timbers on the local and international markets There are several hundreds of Cameroonian tree species which are not or seldom harvested in commercial timber exploitation but which qualify for intro duction on the national or international timber market see Samgba Ahanda 1991 Erfurth and Rushe 1976 The use of such lesser known timber species from Cameroonian rain forest is considered desirable because it leads to an increase in economic value of the forest and may therefore stimulate management aimed at sustained timber production the present logging intensity in Cameroon is low and can presumably be somewhat increased if more species are used without jeopardizing the functioning of the ecosystem an increase in yield per hectare reduces costs of logging and silvicultural operations per unit product diversi
58. nts Result and might be suitable Hint How to leave the programme Keep pressing ESC until you reach the main menu Select the option QUIT programme and press RETURN twice 14 USER s GUIDE Whatis to be found You can find the procedure you should follow to install the programme and prepare it for use There isa chapter on the help system one on the menu system one on entering timber species one on the screening process and one on the set up and utilities part of the programme 15 Installation and set up Introduction This chapter allows you to install the programme from the floppy disk onto your hard disk and prepare the programme for use Start the computer Switch the computer on and wait until the prompt is displayed Make back up of disk You are advised to make back up copies of the original programme disk before you use the programme Keep the original disk in a safe place You can use the DOS command DISKCOPY to make a back up of the programme Installing the programme onto your hard disk To install the programme onto your hard disk 1 insert the floppy with the programme into disk drive A and close the drive door 2 type A and press RETURN 3 type INSTALL and press RETURN The programme will be copied onto a sub directory MORELKS on your hard disk if available Also a so called batch file will be copied onto the root of your hard disk If you wish to install the programme onto another drive or di
59. od fairly good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable unacceptable good unacceptable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable very good doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable window frames window frames window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding window frames and cladding and furniture window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and cladding furniture light flooring and heavy flooring window frames window frames and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring furniture window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and lig
60. omputer with only 256 Kb then the programme will not work Try to install more memory or use this programme on another newer computer 48 REFERENCES Literature consulted Anon 1989 Ghana hardwoods Timber Marketing Board Ghana 108 pp Bolza E and W C Keating 1972 African timbers the properties uses and characteristics of 700 species C S I R O Division of Building Research Melbourne Australia 700 pp Buttoud G 1991 Les bois Africains l preuve des march s mondiaux ENGREF Nancy France 230 pp Erfurth T and H Rushe H 1976 The marketing of tropical wood A Wood species from African moist forests FAO Forestry Dept Rome Italy Farmer R H 1972 Handbook of hardwoods 2nd ed HMSO London United Kingdom 243 pp Obam A 1992 Conservation et mise en valeur des for ts au Cameroun Yaound Cameroon ONADEF 1991 Liste des essences des for ts denses du Cameroun ONADEF Yaound Cameroon ONADEF n y Various published and unpublished works Pieters A 1977 Essences foresti res du Zaire Rijksuniversiteit Gent Gent Belgium 357 pp Sallenave P 1955 Propri t s physiques et m chaniques des bois tropicaux de l union francaise CTFT Nogent sur Marne France 126 pp Sallenave P 1964 Propri t s physiques et m chaniques des bois tropicaux premier suppl ment CTFT Nogent sur Marne France 79 pp Sallenave P 1971 Propri t s physiques et m chaniques
61. onia spp Ocotea usambarensis Odyendyea gabonensis Olea hochstetteri Oxystigma oxyphyllum Oxystigma oxyphyllum Paraberlinia bifoliolata Penthaclethra eetveldeana Pericopsis elata Phyllanthus discoideus Piptadeniastrum africanum Piptadeniastrum africanum Piptadeniastrum africanum Poga oleosa Pteleopsis hylodendron Pterocarpus angolensis Pterocarpus soyauxii doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable good good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable fairly good unacceptable good unacceptable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good good doubtful unsuitable good unacceptable good good good doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good unacceptable good unacceptable doubtful unsuitable good good good doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable doubtful unsuitable good doubtful unsuitable perfect perfect furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and furniture furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and furniture window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window f
62. or controllable if present Drying rate rapid or moderate rather slow or slow very slow 4 Tendency to checking during drying absent or controllable if present Tendency to distortion during drying absent or controllable if present good or satisfactory vien tipped cutters are used and or modified cutting angle Blunting effect on cutting tools slight to moderate or severe it tipped cutters are used satisfactory or good after pre treatent or newly machined good satisfactory if necessary after pre treatment or newly sachined 27 Finishing 5 Manual MoreLKS Criteria for the selection of timber for the manufacture of claddinq external valls weather i TINBER PROPERTIES PREFERABLE LEVELS boarding bevel siding etc Natural durability of heartwood 1 durable to very durable or xoderately perishable but capable to effective durable but capable to effectire treatment 2 treatment 2 Density 6 softwood 350 kq 13 or rore hardwood 450 kg m3 or wore absent Reaction vood 20 requirement Shrinkage szall or medium large Tendency to exude qux or resin absent slightly after drying 3 Tendency to corrode metals and absent or controllable if present staining in contact vith metals 2 Staining neighbouring materials absent or controllable if preseat Tendency to checking during drying absent or controllable if present Tendency to distortion during drying absent or controllable if present
63. owdichia nitida Diplotropis purpurea Brosimum rubescens C Calophyllum brasiliense Carallia spp Carapa guianensis C procera C spp Cariniana brasiliensis C integrifolia Cariniana pyriformis Caryocar glabrum C villosum Castanopsis spp Casuarina equistifol a Cedrela spp Cedrelinga catenaeformis Celtis luzonica Clarisia racemosa Copaifera multijuga Couratari Spp Couroupita spp Cratoxylon arborescens Ctenolophon parvifolius D Dalbergia nigra Dicorynia guyanensis D paraensis Didymopanax morototoni Schefflera paraensis Dillenia philippinensis Dinizia excelsa Diplodiscus paniculatus Diplotropis purpurea Diplotropis spp Dipterocarpus spp Dipteryx spp Dryobalanops spp 63 Putian Macucu de paca Melanciera Amburana Cerejeira Angelin Red cabbage wood Andira Mersawa Pinheiro de Parana Anubing Peroba rosa Araracanga Tatajuba Pau marfim Guatambu Castanheiro Sucupira Sucupira preta Satine Santa Maria Jacareuba Meransi Andiroba Carapa Crabwood Krappa Jequitiba Abarco Piquia Berangan Agoko Cedro Tornillo Magabuyo Guariuba Copaiba Tauari Macacarecuia Geronggang Mertas Rosewood Rio rosewood Jacandara Basralocus Angelique Morototo Katmon Angelim pedra Angelim vermelho Balobo see Bowdichia nitida Sucupira preta Keruing Yang Dau Gurjun Apitong Cumaru Kapur Dipteryx spp Dryobalanops spp Drypetes bordenii Duabanga moluccana
64. q acu O SAS eee ee KE I e FE D ee Mol US 11 Wood Characteristics General Lor A eee S RUE DC Ru S dy We R PES itu 25 SPECIAL ata nr ee qat cg Ire E Su feo e are DA SRS Fon Ace og 25 53 Manual MoreL KS 54 APPENDIK A Classification of properties and grades Here the various properties used in the MoreLKS programme are listed with the grades used in the properties of species and or end use reguirements 1 Natural durability unknown perishable class 5 perishable non durable class 5 4 non durable class 4 non durable moderately durable class 4 3 moderately durable class 3 moderately durable durable class 3 2 durable class 2 durable very durable class 2 1 very durable class 1 2 Density low Density requires a number In end uses applies e very light 300 kg m e light 300 450 kg m e medium light 450 650 kg m moderately heavy 650 800 kg m heavy 800 1000 kg m very heavy gt 1000 kg m 3 Density high This is for species a copy of the density but in an end use the maximum allowed density 4 Modulus of rupture This requires a number 5 Grain unknown spiral wavy heavily interlocked moderately interlocked slightly interlocked straight a combination of the above mentioned is possible 6 Texture 55 6 Texture unknown coarse moderately coarse moderately fine fine Reaction wood unknown severe medium slight absent Shr
65. rames and doors and furniture and light flooring window frames and cladding window frames cladding window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring cladding window frames and cladding window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and furniture window frames and doors and cladding and furniture window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding furniture window frames and doors and cladding and furniture 73 Manual MoreLKS Guibourtia arnoldiana Guibourtia arnoldiana Guibourtia demeusei G tessmannii Hallea ciliata H stipulosa Heritiera utilis H densiflora Hevea spp Holoptelea grandis Hylodendron gabunense Irvingia grandifolia Keayodendron bridelioides Casearia brideloides Khaya ivorensis K anthotheca Klainedoxa gabonensis Lannea welwitschii Letestua durissima Lophira alata Lovoa trichilioides Maesopsis emini Mammea africana Mansonia altissima Maranthes inermis Parinari glabra Microberlinia bisulcata Millettia laurentii Mitragyna Hallea ciliata Monopetalanthus spp Morus mesozygia Nauclea diderrichii Nauclea diderrichii Nesogordonia papaverifera Newt
66. rames and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture cladding and furniture light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames furniture window frames and cladding window frames and doors and cladding window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames window frames and furniture window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture cladding cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring furniture window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring window frames cladding window frames and doors and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window
67. re illegal The Row and Column must be inside the actual window Stack overflow Heap overflow Not enough memory Heap overflow Not enough memory Arithmetic overflow in integer operation The result cannot be stored in a 16 bit integer which has a range of 32768 32767 Attempt to assign output device to a file that is not in write mode Failure in system call system tried to load a programme too large for the available memory space or which remained resident Division by zero Illegal window number An attempt to refer to a non existing window was made Maximum number of windows exceeded The maximum is 34 The file isn t open Error executing external programme The external programme might be too large to be executed from the system or it could be an illegal EXE file Try to execute the external programme from the DOS shell to see what happens Impossible to open file Impossible to write file Disk I O error Overflow in Expanded Memory System File is not in read mode or it is closed impossible to delete file impossible to rename file invalid arguments to the date predicate The arguments should be three integers in the order day month year Integer expected during term reading Double quote expected during term reading Single quote expected during term reading List start expected during term reading End of list expected during term reading Functor not found in domain during te
68. rectory you should use the DOS command COPY to copy all the programme files onto the drive and directory of your choice Set up of programme Depending on the graphic card of your computer the programme will use a black and white display Hercules CGA EGA or colour VGA In the set up of the programme you can alter the settings Screen colours can also be altered to your own liking 16 User s Guide Help system Introduction This chapter describes the help system and how to use it Context sensitive help This programme will display context sensitive help in most cases This means that you will obtain information on the particular part of the programme you are currently using You will obtain information about the choices you can make and or the keys which have a particular function Pressing F1 the first function key on your keyboard will display the help if available In many cases the help information will be concise However the amount of information sometimes exceeds the space on the screen In that case you may move the cursor with the ARROW or PGDN to reach the extra information General help The main menu offers the option How to use the programme This option can be used to obtain more general information not context sensitive Keys in effect F1 Will display context sensitive help if available ESC Leaves the help screen ARROW Moves the cursor HOME Moves the cursor to the beginning of the help te
69. ring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring cladding and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and doors window frames and doors and cladding window frames and doors and cladding and furniture window frames and cladding and furniture window frames and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring window frames and cladding and light flooring window frames and cladding window frames and doors and cladding and furniture and light flooring and heavy flooring 75
70. rm reading expected during term reading or expected during term reading Not enough storage space for the text Cannot execute a write operation It is difficult to establish the exact reason for this error but more often than not it is caused by a full disk or an invalidated floppy drive This latter condition may occur if several attempts have been made to write to a drive with no disk impossible to open The specified file does not exist or cannot be created Impossible to erase The specified file does not exist Illegal disk Illegal device or path 46 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 5100 5102 6000 6001 6002 6003 6004 6005 6006 6007 6008 6009 6010 6011 6012 6013 6014 Reference Guide Cannot execute a read operation Cannot execute a write operation to log file This may be caused by the disk being full The log file has been closed illegal path Graphics equipment on this machine does not support the specified mode Impossible to execute system predicate The predicate is not supported in graphics mode The hardware does not support the specified text mode BGI graphics not installed Graphics hardware not detected Device driver file not found Invalid device driver file Not enough memory to load driver Out of memory in scan fill Out of memory in flood fill Font file not found Not enough memory to load font Invalid graphics mode for selected driver Graphics e
71. rror Graphics 1 0 error Invalid font file Invalid font number Invalid device number 47 Manual MoreLKS Memory problem l The programme uses the internal memory of your computer If the memory required is less than that available in your computer an error will occur It can occur as the programme is starting up After the command to start the programme has been given it will give programme too big for memory or an equivalent phrase if another language was selected Also it is possible that after the programme has been loaded in memory a problem will occur when loading some starting information The programme will issue an error message and return to the operating system DOS Also when loading a data file with species it is possible that this may not fit in the memory If such a problem occurs try the following options Start the computer again but do not use memory resident programs If memory problems start after selecting a species file do not select the largest file ALL or FRA_ALL but try a smaller one If the programme still gives a memory error create a new file and check the memory This can be done by choosing the Utilities option and the Memory option The number displayed after heap should be above 50000 to load a hundred species In the other cases The programme requires computers with preferably a 640 Kb internal memory With some drawbacks it is possible to use 512 Kb If you have a c
72. s submitted by producing countries 120 lesser known species from former CTFT now Cirad For t from France in English ALL see above but in French Only the African species from ALL Only the African species from FRA ALL The species added during the F3 project A number of selected species A number of selected species A number of selected species A number of selected species Batch file for installation Batch file for installation The files marked with can be modified by the user In the present version of the programme changes can be made by adding timber species in a file with the extension DBW marked You can remove and add species Changes can be made but only with species you added to the database 45 Manual MoreLKS You can also make change or delete SEL files The preferred colours and other settings can be changed in the installation and set up menu Error messages These are a number of error messages that may occur 1000 1001 1002 1003 1007 1008 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1018 1024 1027 1028 1030 1031 1071 1072 1073 1074 1101 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 The arguments in makewindow are illegal Check that the window number is in the range 1 127 StartRow NoOfRows lt no of rows on screen usually 25 or 43 StartCol NoOfCols lt no of cols on screen usually 80 or 120 The cursor values a
73. s ECC a a el e he eu Se s aa E Ea Send ons Savewooddatabasetodisk Sereen E IA KAIZA AA Bina a A Sections 29e E LEE duc Si ae A as ORE BOSS Be SOEUR Select th end Us ES Less s ka a ag VR ee eet AUR ue ne eee Ee d EE Select the species store Plea ee a i mte quon x olas ete ed ee S S l ction ud ure RUE Rr SD RC Lex o ER hok RT EQ Qo AL Selection flesh eds au ordo ve e ge EVER RS Haut E a ts Re ee SEA uio gang et due SL E es Ser eas vous uiro d aar a Settings bard cuca ouod oe wa e on doi mop s era co a ML eua Show memoryusage v cC AS SONG At o E IB xa md BA wh vote ee ee e hola aiii Special characters qos Lime HA buen dur eR wart ER KIC ER SR m Special Wood Characteristics Species add cux DEN oo 8 utes iru gutes AINE ROBOT D Be n aie S itability acte ec sols See dos ELE T Ive TN memes dre te ew qos 13 Technological Properties rta amine dose PCS es aac e pues ges DEE auos ash we Neap ee a ew du Arte i dcc aquis TUS compatible 4 2 v xag remos te Ses che ste RA TVA Indices Uppercase rrasa os maar i Ga d poo ae Eee x anges Aog ANA 7 Use old values uus aes Wis ee Bae ge gh eR od D pere DAA 36 Use or alter previous selection 37 MEETS ia PRE AG AE Sagi Soh ae Ae AE AD a A 24 VGA ane ee Bo Sine he eee AE RRE ARE et BP Bia te ee Re 16 View wood Species 4s alos n s Rs UP aem doe Ae ES EBA RUN de a 36 MIO WS eS de son vw a
74. se option Text The display will then stay in the so called Text mode Utilities In this menu you can copy the files with information on species You can copy them to and from floppies using this menu If a new version of the programme needs to be installed you can use the option install new version 24 PROPERTIES AND END USES This chapter will give you extra information on the properties and the end uses concerned Properties A selection of properties relevant to the end uses involved has been made The data on species can be entered guite simply choosing from predetermined classes The properties used are described below and the classes can be found in appendix A Properties of the timber General Wood Characteristics Natural durability 1 Texture 6 Density 2 3 Reaction Wood 7 Modulus of rupture 4 Shrinkage 8 Grain 5 Special Wood Characteristics Tendency to exude Staining of neighbouring materials 11 gum or resin 9 Tendency to splinter 12 Tendency to corrode and stain metal 10 Technological Properties Staining 13 Machining 18 Drying rate 14 Nailing 19 Tendency to checking 15 Gluing 20 Tendency to distortion 16 Effect of wood substances on finishing 21 Blunting effect on cutting tools 17 Finishing 22 The botanical name and region should be entered as well as whether the timber is a hardwood or a softwood Entering the source of information and trade names is optional
75. tachus Triplochiton scleroxylon Mammea africana Scottellia coriacea Chlorophora excelsa Chl regia Daniella ogea D spp Cylicodiscus gabunensis Cynometra hankei Aucoumea klaineana Brachystegia nigerica Fagara heitzii Desbordesia glaucescens Antrocaryon spp Nauclea diderrichii Pteleopsis hylodendron Dacryodes igaganga Newtonia spp Albizia zygia Poga oleosa Odyendyea gabonensis Pterocarpus soyauxii Pterocarpus dalbergioides Pterocarpus soyauxii P osun P tinctorius 70 O R Rhodesian teak Rubberwood S Safoukala Sali Saliyemo Sapele Sapeli Sikon Sipo Sobu T Tali Tchitola Teak Tiama Tola Tola Tola branca Tola mafuta U Utile V W Wawa Weng White star apple X Y Yellow sterculia Z Zingana Zembila Zebra wood Appendices Baikiaea plurijuga Hevea brasiliensis Dacryodes normandii Tetragastris spp Albizia adianthifolia Entandrophragma cylindricum Entandrophragma cylindricum Pteleopsis hylodendron Entandrophragma utile Cleistopholis patens Erythrophleum ivorense E guineense Oxystigma oxyphyllum Tectona grandis Entandrophragma angolense Oxystigma oxyphyllum Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum Oxystigma oxyphyllum Entandrophragma utile Triplochiton scleroxylon Millettia laurentii Gambeya albida Sterculia oblonga Microberlinia bisuculata Irvingia grandifolia Microberlinia bisuculata 71 Manual MoreLKS APPENDIK E Condense
76. ted the absence of information as negative a species may wrongly be rated as not suitable for some end uses 10 Overview HARDWARE REOUIREMENTS Introduction The computer programme was intended to be used on low end PCs It is possible to run the programme without any problems on PCs from the last ten years In order to use this programme you should have An IBM compatible computer with a hard disk PC XT AT PS 2 or true compatible with 640 K RAM internal memory The MS DOS or PC DOS operating system version 2 or later Floppies to make a back up of both data and programme What may also be used A graphic display preferably with a colour monitor Printer It is possible to run this programme on computers equipped with Microsoft Windows 3 1 and Windows 95 98 using a DOS application box The programme will not operate properly on 256 Kb machines but these can be considered as being outdated 11 Manual MoreLKS A QUICK TOUR AROUND Introduction This chapter will demonstrate what the output of this programme will be and what you need to do First you should have installed the programme on your computer If this has not yet been done then please do so now We will as an example test the suitability of Teak Tectona grandis for windows and doors Start the programme After switching on the computer and waiting for the prompt select the proper directory type MoreLKS and press RETURN The programme shows
77. the species eliminating the wavy grained material or that with grain running off the edge is particularly important for long rails joints and sawn curved back legs 30 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Properties and end uses This is not a major disadvantage e g Oak has considerable tangential shrinkage but much movement in service can contribute to failure of weak joints or of those subject to racking action No resinous timbers can be guaranteed not to show exudation after manufacture and coating but those in this category if selected to exclude obviously troublesome pieces are usually satisfactory With some however a good deal of gumming of cutters and sticking together of uncoated stacked parts may occur When considering stuff over framing it should be borne in mind that in service exudation could be severe near a source of heat and cause staining through covers at any point where in contact with the wood May be unsuitable for show wood parts This is only applicable to show wood Care in drying can overcome this problem in most timbers especially when they are more than 50 mm thick but fine checking which does not show with light coatings may give trouble under dark stains or ebonising Some timbers with a severe tendency to distort have been used with apparent success but should not be used without considering the need for extra care in drying the possibility of reject parts and
78. ties for each defined end use This has been shown recently for the introduction of some species from Malaysia into the western European market Therefore the most important end uses for western Europe have been analyzed and made available for practical use through this programme for exporters and other interested parties Cameroonian lesser known species added Thirty timber species and their properties were added to the existing MoreLKS database These species were selected as follows first results of the national forest inventory and other surveys in Cameroon were studied to prepare a list of all timber species and their abundance In case only vernacular names were used in the inventory the botanical identity was verified From this list commercially well accepted species and other species already in the MoreLKS database or the Dutch practical timber guide were deleted species which generally do not grow to timber size or which have other disgualifying features were also deleted and so were a few species which are very important for the local population as source of non timber products from the remaining list thirty species were chosen to be added to the database on the basis of available information on timber properties and common occurrence in Cameroon This procedure resulted in the following list see next page Manual MoreLKS Trade name Angoayeme Saliyemo Aningre Akoung ele Awonog Nom tonso Avom
79. ts It is also used by the Tropenbos Cameroon Programme to predict which species may become marketable in the future and therefore should be considered as such in forest management and silvicultural studies MoreLKS is the abbreviation of Matching Of Requirements of End uses with Lesser known Species LKS a software program written for IBM compatible computers The program shows the applicability of a timber for five major end uses in western Europe and some end uses for the local market in Cameroon based on a number of technological properties This is the user s manual for that program Although this manual is in English it is possible to select the French language in the computer program This will make it easier for French oriented users to benefit from the program The system is based on the principle of screening a number of material specific properties of timber against formulated end use criteria on two different quality levels the preferable and the minimum level The result of a screening will be expressed by the classification acceptable or non acceptable for one of the two levels and furthermore by expressing the degree of suitability for the relevant specific end use based on the qualitative potential of a wood species These parameters result in a final outcome concerning the suitability or non suitability of a timber species for one of the specific end uses involved The programme allows adjustments and enlargement of the
80. w Density high Modulus of rupture Grain Texture Reaction wood Shrinkage Tendency to exude gum or resin Tendency to corrode and stain metal Staining of neighbouring materials Tendency to splinter Staining Drying rate Tendency to checking Tendency to distortion Blunting effect on tools Machining Nailing Gluing Effect of wood substances on finishing Finishing NO NO Rh A A AS Sm BS cllc D 00 j O O1 BR amp NN NO O1 BR NR For further explanation of the properties refer to the section Properties and End uses 22 User s Guide Keys in effect General ESC Press ESCape to stop BREAK stop the complete programme a crude method F1 HELP press function key 1 to get this text Movement through the selected species and end uses HOME go to the first selected end use and the first selected species END go to the last selected end use and the last selected species Left ARROW go to the previously selected species with current end use Right ARROW go to the next selected species Up ARROW go to the previously selected end use Down ARROW go to the next selected end use CTRL ARROW go six positions further in direction ARROW so six species forwards or backwards Special TAB View or change the current species This is a shortcut to the database part of this programme Pressing ESCape will bring you back to the selection part Pressing F10 will make the changes you have
81. xt END Moves the cursor to the end of the help text PGUP Moves the cursor to the previous page of the help text if available PGDN Moves the cursor to the next page of the help text if available F5 Enlarges the help text to full screen or back to the original size 17 Manual MoreLKS Menu system Introduction This chapter will help you to become familiar with the menu system and what to do with the menus The two menu types There are two different menu types single selection and multiple selection Single selection offers the possibility of selecting only one of the listed items The main menu is an example of such a menu Multiple selection makes it possible to select more than one of the listed items The Select the species menu is an example of this Keys in effect Move the cursor Key Function ARROW UP Moves the cursor one item up ARROW DOWN Moves the cursor one item down HOME Moves the cursor to the beginning of the item list END Moves the cursor to the end of the item list PGUP Moves the cursor to the previous page of the item list if available PGDN Moves the cursor to the next page of the item list if available Select or deselect an item RETURN Selects the item ENTER Selects the item Alpha num keys Selects first item starting with that character Leave the menu F10 Accept choice s made ESC Cancel the current menu without accepting any choice Get help F1 Will disp

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