Operator´s Manual
Contents
1. 1 41 Set Port 1 High delay program 10 ms and measure SE channel 1 2 Excite Delay SE P4 1 Reps gt 2500 mV Slow Range 1 SE Channel 1 Excite all reps w Exchan 1 1 Delay 0 01 sec units 0000 mV Excitation 1 Loc ten_HS_V 001 Multiplier 0 0 Offset eS oy c Di sturn off excitation 15 10HS 3 Do P86 1 51 Set Port 1 Low apply calibration 4 Polynomial P55 Reps 2 X Loc ten HS V s2 F X Loc VWC 0 0582 CO 201 CI 584 C2 0 0 C3 0 0 C4 0 0 C5 WCONDANKRWN H Nn If time is P92 0000 Minutes Seconds into a 60 Interval same units as above 10 Set Output Flag High Flag 0 WN 6 Real Time P77 1 1110 Year Day Hour Minute midnight 0000 7 Average P71 1 1 Reps 2 2 Loc VWC Table 2 Program 02 0 0000 Execution Interval seconds Table 3 Subroutines End Program 16 17 10HS 10HS Index A Accuracy 2 alternate connection methods 11 B Background 5 C Cable length 3 calibration 13 calibration service 13 Campbell Scientific 9 capacitance technique 6 Compatibility 3 Connector types 3 Contact 3 D datalogger connections 11 dielectric permittivity 6 duration 9 E ECH20 Utility 9 Edlog 14 electromagnetic field 7 extension cables 10 F Frequency 5 I Installation 7 Horizontal 7 Vertical 8 Introduction 2 18 L Liability 4 M Measurement Time 2 Mineral soil calibration 12 O Operat2. 10HS 7 Sample Programs The following programs are examples that can be used with datalog gers from Campbell Scientific The first program is for a CR1000 data logger but can be easily adapted for other CRBasic type loggers The second program is for a CR10X data logger but can be easily adapted to other Edlog type loggers Note that the 10HS needs 3 15 V DC excitation and therefore cannot be excited with the 2 5 V excitation port of many Campbell Scientific data loggers We recommend that the switched 12V or CAO port be used to excite the 10HS CR Basic type datalogger CR1000 Series Datalogger program to read one Decagon 10HS sensor wiring white SW 12 red SE CH1 bare gnd Public tenHSmV VWC DataTable Test 1 1 Datalnterval 0 60 Min 10 Average 1 VWC FP2 False EndTable BeginProg Scan 30 Sec 0 0 SW 12 1 Delay 0 10 mSec VoltSe tenHSmV 1 mV2500 1 1 0 60Hz 1 0 0 SW12 0 VWC 5 84e 7 tenHSmV 2 2 01e 4 tenHSmV 5 82e 2 mineral soil calibration 14 10HS CallTable Test NextScan EndProg Edlog type data logger CR10X program to read 10HS sensor with CR10X wiring Jumper from C1 to SW 12V CTRL C1 is used to turn on the switched 12V port 10HS white excitation SW 12V 10HS red Vout SE CH1 10HS bare gnd G or AG able 1 Program 01 30 Execution Interval seconds set C1 high to pull SW 12 port high 1 Do P86
3. 5 exceptional performance in soils Kizito et al 2008 Bogena et al 2007 We recommend the 10HS sensor for mineral soil appli cations where soil heterogeneity is a concern However we continue to recommend the smaller EC 5 sensor for soilless substrate applications or applications where VWC measurements on smaller scales e g near surface measurements laboratory column studies greenhouse applica tions are desired 10HS 3 Theory The 10HS sensor measures the volumetric water content of the soilusinga capacitance technique By rapidly charging and discharginga positive and ground electrode capacitor in the soil an electromagnetic field is gen erated whose charge time t is related to the capacitance C of the soil by V V t RClIn y s 1 where R is the series resistance V is voltage at time z V is the starting voltage and Vis the applied or supply voltage Further for a capacitor with a geometrical factor of amp the capacitance is related to the dielectric permittivity of the medium between the capacitor electrodes by C g F 2 where is the permittivity of free space Thus the of the soil can be determined by measuring the change time 7 of a sensor buried in the soil Consequently as water has a dielectric permittivity that is much greater than soil minerals or air the charge time t in the soil of Eq 1 can be correlated with soil volumetric water content 10HS 4 Installing the
4. failure point Connect the wires to the data logger as shown with the supply wire white connected to the excitation the analog out wire red to an analog input and the bare ground wire to ground as seen below Analo Supply out Ground Datalogger Note The acceptable range of excitation voltages is from 3 15VDC If you wish to read the 10HS with Campbell Scientific data loggers you will need to power the sensors off of the switched 12V port rather than the excitation port If your 10HS is equipped with the standard 3 5mm plug and you wish to connect it to a non Decagon datalogger you have two options First you can clip off the plug on the sensor cable strip and tin the wires and wire it directly into the datalogger This has the advantage of creating a direct connection with no chance of the sensor becoming un plugged however it then cannot be easily used in the future with a Decagon readout unit or datalogger The other option is to obtain an adapter cable from Decagon The 3 wire sensor adapter cable has a connector for the sensor jack on one end and three wires on the other end for connection to a datalogger this type of wire is often referred to as a pigtail adapter Both the stripped and tinned adapter cable wires have the same termination as seen above the white wire is excitation red is output and the bare wire is ground 11 10HS 6 Calibration Dielectric calibration The 10HS comes pre calibrated t
5. 0 6 mV 6 69 10 mV 1 92 Doug Cobos 03 2010 Due to the complexity of soils the accuracy of the VWC measurement can be poor despite an accurate measurement of dielectric permittiv ity Some examples of this are highly compacted soils very low bulk density soils soils with abnormally high organic matter content and soils with high dielectric mineral composition e g TiO2 sands Ad ditionally the accuracy of the 10HS may suffer in soils with very high electrical conductivity 10 dS m solution EC In these soils it may be necessary to calibrate the 10HS to your specific soil type With a soil specific calibration the accuracy of the VWC measurement will be improved to 1 2 in any soil or other porous medium If you are interested in a soil specific calibration for your 10HS there are two options available You can create your own sensor calibration by fol lowing the directions in our application note titled Calibrating ECH O soil moisture probes from the Decagon website www decagon com and following the step by step instructions for calibrating your soil mois ture sensors Since some users do not have the time or equipment to conduct their own calibration Decagon now offers a service providing soil specific calibrations to our customers This calibration service also applies to non soil materials such as compost potting materials etc Contact Decagon for more information on this service sales deca gon com 13
6. 2 bit or better resolution should be compatible with the 10HS The current requirement for the 10HS is less than 15mA Note The 10HS is intended only for use with dataloggers and readout de vices which can provide short excitation pulses leaving the sensor turned off most of the time Continuous excitation not only wastes battery power but may under certain circumstances cause the sensor to exceed govern ment specified limits on electromagnetic emissions Using the IOHS with Em50 Em50R and Em5b data loggers The 10HS is designed for very easy integration into the Em50 EM50R and Em5b based data logging systems Simply plug the stereo plug into one of the five ports on the Em50 Em50R or Em5b use ECH O Utility ECH O Utility Mobile or DataTrac software to configure that port for a 10HS see respective manuals and set a measurement in terval for the logger For more detailed instructions on configuring the data logger consult your Em50 Em50R or Em5b user manual 10HS 3 5mm Stereo Plug Wiring 10HS sensors used with Decagon loggers come with a 3 5mm stereo plug connector The stereo plug allows for rapid con nection directly to Decagons Em50 Em50R and Em5b data loggers and to the hand held ProCheck readers Below is a dia gram showing the wiring configuration for this connector Analog ut UE E Ground Excitation Extending sensor cables Decagon supplies 10 foot 3m and 50 foot 15 25m extension cables f
7. A UMS measure to know Operator s Manual mm ze session SHOL 10HS Water Content Sensor UMS GmbH M nchen Art Nr 10HS Version 04 2010 Author Decagon A UMS measure to know 2008 Decagon Devices Inc All rights reserved Decagon Devices Inc 2365 NE Hopkins Court Pullman WA 99163 www decagon com Vertreten in Deutschland durch UMS GmbH Gmunderstr 37 D 81379 M nchen Tel 49 0 89 12 66 52 0 Fax 49 0 89 12 66 52 20 ums ums muc de www ums muc de Ansprechpartner Thomas Keller Durchwahl 19 tk ums muc de 10HS Table of Contents l iiigere Ure 01 c crier 2 SPESEN Cetera endis lt tuii EU desees 2 Copa oma 3 Wattanty To FORERRETOES een ud Dd acad Na uD RULES ax 4 2 About the IOHS ne 5 3 TNO OMY soccer ester eee 6 4 Installing the Sensors 7 We lu a 7 5 Collecinig Dal bison diens 9 Datalogger Re quite ments nee 9 Using the 10HS with Em50 Em50R and Em5b dataloggers 9 Jomm Stereo Plus Wine need 10 Connecting to a non Decapon Datalogger een 10 6 CONDON Oei bem 12 Dielectric Cal RANG un ora det aeta ro det hmi ei t a tnn dade 12 Mineral Soll Calibrations anne 12 7 Sample Programs 14 10HS 1 Introduction Thank you for choosing the 10HS soil water content sensor This in novative sensor will enable you to monitor volumetric water content of soil accurately and affordably This manual is des
8. Sensors When selecting a site for installation it is important to remember that the soil adjacent to the sensor surface has the strongest influ ence on the sensor reading and that the sensor measures the volu metric water content of the soil Therefore any air gaps or excessive soil compaction around the sensor and in between the sensor prongs can profoundly influence the readings Also do not install the sen sors adjacent to large metal objects such as metal poles or stakes This can attenuate the sensor s electromagnetic field and adversely af fect readings In addition the 10HS sensor should not be installed within 5 cm of the soil surface or the sensing volume of the elec tromagnetic field can extend out of the soil and reduce accuracy Be cause the 10HS has gaps between its prongs it is also important to consider the particle size of the medium you are inserting the sensor into It is possible to get sticks bark roots or other material stuck be tween the sensor prongs which will adversely affect readings Finally be careful when inserting the sensors into dense soil as the prongs can break if excessive sideways force is used when pushing them in Procedure When installing the 10HS it is imperative to maximize contact be tween the sensor and soil For most accurate results the sensor should be inserted into undisturbed soil There are two basic methods to ac complish a high quality installation Method 1 Horizontal Ins
9. his will obviously result in inaccurate VWC measurements until the water added during installation redistributes into the surrounding soil Orientation The sensor can be oriented in any direction However orient ing the flat side perpendicular to the surface of the soil will mini mize effects on downward water movement Keep in mind that the sensor measures the average VWC along its length so a ver tical installation will integrate VWC over a 10 cm depth while a horizontal orientation will measure VWC at a more discrete depth Removing the Sensor When removing the sensor from the soil do not pull it out of the soil by the cable Doing so may break internal connections and make the sensor unusable 10HS 5 Collecting Data Data logger Requirements The 10HS is designed to work most efficiently with Decagon s Em50 Em50R or EM5b data loggers or our ProCheck handheld readout They can however be adapted for use with other data loggers such as those from Campbell Scientific Inc for example The 10HS re quires an excitation voltage in the range of 3 to 15V It produces an output voltage that is related to the volumetric water content of the soil in which it is buried and ranges between approximately 0 3 to 1 25V The output of the 10HS is independent of the excitation volt age between 3 and 15V Any datalogger which can produce a 3 to 15V excitation with approximately 10 millisecond duration and read a volt level signal with 1
10. hone US and Canada only 1 800 755 2751 or 509 332 2756 10HS Warranty Information The 10HS sensors have a 30 day satisfaction guarantee and a one year warranty Seller s Liability Seller warrants new equipment of its own manufacture against defec tive workmanship and materials for a period of one year from date of receipt of equipment the results of ordinary wear and tear neglect misuse accident and excessive deterioration due to corrosion from any cause are not considered to be a defect but Seller s liability for defec tive parts shall in no event exceed the furnishing of replacement parts f o b the factory where originally manufactured Material and equip ment covered hereby which is not manufactured by the Seller shall be covered only by the warranty of its manufacturer Seller shall not be liable to Buyer for loss damage or injuries to persons including death or to property or things of whatsoever kind including but not without limitation loss of anticipated profits occasioned by or arising out of the installation operation use misuse nonuse repair or replacement of said material and equipment or out of the use of any method or process for which the same may be employed The use of this equipment constitutes Buyer s acceptance of the terms set forth in this warranty There are no understandings representations or war ranties of any kind express implied statutory or otherwise includ ing but w
11. igned to help you understand the sensor s features and how to use this device success fully Specifications Range Apparent dielectric permittivity 1 air to 50 Soil volumetric water content VWC 0 0 57 m m 0 5796 VWC Accuracy 0 5 from of 2 to 10 2 5 from of 10 to 50 VWC VWC Using standard calibration equation 0 03 m m 3 VWC typical in mineral soils that have solution electrical conductivity lt 10 dS m Using soil specific calibration 0 02 m m 2 VWC in any soil Resolution 0 1 from of 1 to 30 0 2 from of 30 to 50 VWC 0 0008 m m 0 08 VWC in mineral soils from 0 to 0 50 m m 0 50 VWC Measurement Time 10 ms milliseconds Power requirements 3VDC 12mA to 15 VDC 15 mA Output 300 1250 mV independent of excitation voltage 10HS Operating Temperature 0 50 C Survival Temperature 40 to 50 C Connector types 3 5 mm stereo plug or stripped and tinned lead wires Cable length 5 m standard custom cable length available upon request Datalogger Compatibility non exclusive Decagon Em50 Em50R Em5b ProCheck handheld reader Campbell Scientific CR10X 21X 23X CR850 1000 3000 etc Other Any data acquisition system capable of switched 3 to15 V exci tation and single ended voltage measurement at 12 bit or better resolu tion Contact Information E mail echo decagon com Fax 509 332 5158 Telep
12. ing Temperature 3 Orientation 8 Output 2 P particle size 7 Power requirements 2 programs 14 R Range 2 removing the sensor 8 Resolution 2 S Sample Programs 14 Specifications 2 stereo plug 10 Survival Temperature 3 T Theory 6 W Warranty 4 wiring configuration 10 19 10HS
13. ithout limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose not expressly set forth herein 10HS 2 About the IOHS The 10HS measures the dielectric constant of the soil in order to find its volumetric water content VWC Since the dielectric constant of water is much higher than that of air or soil minerals the dielectric constant of the soil is a sensitive measure of volumetric water con tent The 10HS has a low power requirement and very high resolution This gives you the ability to make as many measurements as you want ie hourly over a long period of time with minimal battery usage Background Info In 2005 the Decagon research team optimized a sensor oscillator fre quency for very high accuracy soil moisture measurements The first sensor to incorporate the new frequency was our EC 5 sensor It quick ly became the most popular soil moisture sensor we ve designed The new 10HS sensor uses the same 70MHz oscillator frequency as the EC 5 but has a larger soil volume and requires no special calibration when used with other systems New features of the 10HS include e Onboard voltage regulator allowing you to power the sensor with a wide range of excitation voltages 3 15 VDC without changing the calibration Large sensing 1100 cubic centimeters allowing you to have a more representative measurement of soil VWC The 10HS sensor runs at the same oscillator frequency that has given the EC
14. o measure the dielectric permittivity of the soil with the accuracy stated in the specification section above With Decagon s Em50 Em50R Em5B and ProCheck readers the following standard calibration function can be applied 7 449 X 10 raw counts 1 969 X 10 7 raw counts 1 890X 10 raw counts 6 691 X 10 raw counts 7 457 With non Decagon data acquisition equipment the following calibra tion can be applied Note that this calibration function is valid for any sensor excitation between 3 and 15 V DC 2 589 X 10 mV 5 010 X 10 7 mV 3 523 X 104 mV 9 135 X 10 mV 7 457 Mineral Soil Calibration For convenience Decagon has also developed a standard calibration equation for mineral soils to be used with the 10HS With this stan dard calibration equation and careful sensor installation accuracy of better than 3 VWC 0 03 m m is possible with most mineral soils In these soils it is generally not necessary to calibrate the 1OHS for your particular soil type and the standard mineral calibration be low can be used Em50 Em50R Em5B and ProCheck VWOC m3 m3 1 17 10 raw 3 95 10 x raw 4 90 10 raw 1 92 Doug Cobos 03 2010 12 10HS With non Decagon data acquisition equipment the following calibra tion can be applied Note that this calibration function is valid for any sensor excitation between 3 and 15 V DC VWC m m 2 97 10 mV3 7 37 1
15. or use with the stereo plug type 10HS sensors You can safely connect up to four of the 50 foot cables without signal attenuation For field applications it is critical to seal the connections from the elements to maintain a good connection and to prevent corrosion It is imperative that these connections are checked before the sensor is buried Please see the Decagon web site www decagon com for an application note detailing some preferred methods for waterproofing these connections Connecting to a non Decagon Data logger 10HS sensors for use with non Decagon data loggers come pre config ured with stripped and tinned lead wires at the customer s request Analog out Red Ground Bare Excitation White 10 Extending sensor cables with UMS M12 cables CC 4 1 5 CC 4 5 CC 4 10 CC 4 20 Supply equates Excitation Supply equates Ground internal connected with Signal Signal equates Analog out UMS plug M12 IP67 brown PIN 1 Supply white PIN2 Signal EM blue PIN3 Supply N black PIN4 Signal Male plug on Female va im on sensor cable connecting cable AL thick black Pin and wire configuration for UMS connecting cable CC 4 UMS GmbH M nchen Art Nr 10HS Version 09 2008 Author Decagon 10HS 10HS sensors with the stripped and tinned cable option can be made with custom cable lengths up to 250 ft on a per foot fee basis This op tion gets around the need for splicing wire a possible
16. tallation Excavate a hole or trench a few centimeters deeper than the depth at which the sensor is to be installed At the installation depth shave off some soil from the vertical soil face exposing undisturbed soil Insert the sensor into the undisturbed soil face until the entire sensing portion of the 10HS is inserted The tip of each prong has been sharpened to make it easier to push the sensor in be careful with the sharp tips Backfill the trench taking care to pack the soil back to natural bulk density around the black plastic portion of the 10HS 10HS Method 2 Vertical Installation Auger a 4 inch hole to the depth at which the sensor is to be installed Insert the sensor into the un disturbed soil at the bottom of the auger hole using your hand or any other implement that will guide the sensor into the soil at the bottom of the hole Many people have used a simple piece of PVC pipe with a notch cut in the end for the sensor to sit in with the sensor cable routed inside the pipe After inserting the sensor re move the installation device and backfill the hole taking care to pack the soil back to natural bulk density while not damaging the black plastic portion of the sensor or the sensor cable in the process With either of these methods the sensor may still be difficult to insertinto extremely compact or dry soil Never pound the sensor into the soil If you have difficulty inserting the sensor you may need to wet the soil T
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